SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
A. This is the generic class for optical elements
and optical systems not elsewhere classified.
Among the optical elements included in this class are:
Lenses; Polarizers; Diffraction gratings; Prisms; Reflectors; Filters; Projection
screens; Optical Modulators; Optical Demodulators.
B. Among the optical systems included in this class
are:
Compound lens systems; Light reflecting signalling
systems (e.g., retroreflectors); Stereoscopic
systems; Binocular devices; Systems of lenticular
elements; Systems involving light interference; Glare
reducing systems; Light dividing and combining systems; Light
control systems (e.g., light
valves); Building illumination with natural light; Systems
for protecting or shielding elements; Optical systems whose
operation depends upon polarizing, diffracting, dispersing, reflecting, or
refracting light; Kaleidoscopes
C. Further included are certain apertures, closures, and viewing
devices of a specialized nature which involve no intentional reflection, refraction, or
filtering of light rays.
D. This class also includes optical elements combined with
another type of structure(s) to constitute an
optical element combined with a nonoptical structure or a perfection
or improvement in the optical element. This includes filters
with supports or frames; reflectors with handles, vehicles, or
controlling motors; and prisms with mountings.
Also, included are lenses with supports or mountings, lenses
with diverse art tools, instruments or machines, lenses
with casings and lenses with viewed object supports or viewed object
or field illumination. Additionally, included
are stereo-viewers with view changers, illumination
or supporting, mounting, enclosing or light shielding
structure; lenses with spacing structure such as barrels
with or without an additional support, handle or illumination; and
optical elements with moisture or foreign particle control.
E. Included here also are certain accessories or
attachments combined with optical elements such as blinds, shields, shades, and
caps or covers for preventing the accumulation of dust, moisture, or
other foreign material.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
SUPPORTS OR MOUNTS FOR OPTICAL ELEMENTS AND SYSTEMS
Included here (359) also are supports, mounts, and frames
which are particularly adapted for use with optical elements.
The nominal recitation of a mirror or filter in combination with
such structure is generally not sufficient for classification here, if
the mirror or filter is treated as a panel or lamina of general
utility. Such panels with associated components, such
as frames, edging, backing, etc., mechanically
and permanently assembled thereto are provided for elsewhere.
Supports for such panel type structures are classified elsewhere. (See
References to the Current Class, below.)
However, combinations of a detailed mirror with its support
are classified in this class. In the case of other optical
elements, such as prisms or lenses, the broad
recitation of the element in combination with the support or mounting
is sufficient for classification in this class. This Class (359) provides
for lenses, prisms, and filters respectively with
supports. (See Subclass References to the Current
Class, below.)
Stereo-viewer supports and mountings are provided
for in this class. (See Subclass References to
the Current Class, below.)
NONVISIBLE RADIATION
Included in this class are not only those elements which operate
in the visible portion of the spectrum, but also those
which operate in the near visible portion of the spectrum (i.e., infrared
and ultraviolet) in accordance with optical principles.
Systems which function in both the visible and near visible portions
of the spectrum are classified here unless a specific structure
is claimed as a result of the utilization of invisible ray energy.
Systems whose operation is restricted to the nonvisible portion
of the spectrum are classified elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
OPTICAL SYSTEM INCLUDING PHOTOCELL
Generally, where a photocell is claimed as a part
of the optical system, the subject matter is excluded from
this class. Such subject matter is typically provided
for with the art for radiant energy or measuring and testing. However, where
a modulating signal is recovered from a modulated light wave (as
in an optical communication receiver or in an optical demodulator), classification
is in Class 359. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES
Optical waveguiding elements, per se, are
classified in elsewhere. Also, combinations of
an optical waveguide with an associated mechanical connecting device
or a device coupling light into or out of the optical waveguide
are classified elsewhere. (See References to Other
Classes, below.)
OPTICAL MODULATION
An optical modulator, in general, is classified
in this class (359). However, optical
modulation occuring solely within the confines of an optical waveguide
is excluded from this class. Such subject matter is provided
for in Class 385.
OPTICAL AMPLIFICATION OR FREQUENCY CONVERSION
A detailed optical amplifier/frequency converter, per
se, or such subject matter in combination with an additional waveguide
structure is classified in this class (359). However, the
nominal recitation of any type of optical amplifier/frequency
converter together with an additional waveguide structure is classified
elsewhere where such combination meets the class requirements.
MEASURING AND TESTING
A claimed image forming optical system plus a reticle is classified
in this class. Sighting instruments for determining geometrical
relationships where no significant optical system is claimed are
classified elsewhere. Measuring and testing systems which
determine the optical characteristics of light so as to measure
materials and provides for lens or reflective image former testing
are classified elsewhere. Eye examining and testing instruments
are classified elsewhere. (See References to Other
Classes, below.)
LASERS
Lasers and similar devices, per se, are
excluded from this class. See References to Other Classes
for lasers and similar devices when they function as a generator
of coherent electromagnetic waves in the optical range.
OPTICAL TELEMETRY
Optical telemetry includes the combination of an optical data
link between multiple locations together with a specific sensor
used in a particular environment. Since the overall combination
specifies an environment or specific sensor, the environment
or sensor will control the classification. The following
are examples of proper art areas for optical telemetry:
(1) Wellbore telemetry including any type
of radiant energy; (i.e., optical, radio, etc.). (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
(2) An optical data link in combination
with a specific sensor, unless there is a place for the
specific sensor in another class. (See References
to Other Classes, below.)
COMPOSITIONS AND STOCK MATERIAL
Where there is no shape or structure peculiar to optical elements
as in compositions or stock material, the subject matter
is excluded from this class. See References to Other Classes, below, for
classes that provide for these compositions and stock material.
OPTICAL ELEMENTS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
For Optical Elements Classified Elsewhere, see References
to Other Classes, below.
OPTICAL ELEMENTS COMBINED WITH DIVERSE TYPE ART DEVICES
An optical element combined with a diverse type art device
where the element results in an improvement or perfection of the
device is generally classified with the device. See Subclass
References to the Current Class, below, for a
reference to details of this distinction with reference to lenses, and
also for references to combinations of a reflector and diverse type
art device. The combination of an optical element and
an electric discharge device is provided for elsewhere. See
Class Definition, section D, above. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
For Classes that are more common external classifications
of systems including or combined with optical elements, see
References to Other Classes, below.
METHODS OF MAKING OPTICAL ELEMENTS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
For Methods of Making Optical Elements Classified Elsewhere, see
References to Other Classes, below.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 477, | for stereo-viewer supports and mountings. |
| 871+, | for combinations of a detailed mirror with its support. |
| 811+, | 831, and 892 provide for lenses, prisms, and filters
respectively with supports. |
| 809, | see (1) Note for details of the
following distinction with reference to lenses: an optical
element combined with a diverse type art device where the element
results in an improvement or perfection of the device is generally
classified with the device. |
| 838, | under "SEARCH CLASS" for numerous
combinations of a reflector and diverse type art device. |
SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 33, | Geometrical Instruments,
subclasses 227+ for sighting devices for determining geometrical relationships. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 33, | Geometrical Instruments, for sighting instruments for determining geometrical
relationships where no significant optical system is claimed. (Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class "Measuring and
Testing") |
| 52, | Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), provides for such panels with associated components, such as
frames, edging, backing, etc., mechanically and
permanently assembled thereto. (See Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, "Supports
or Mounts for Optical Elements and Systems" above.) |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 385+ for processes for forming optical fibers, waveguides, or
preforms; subclass 31 for chemical glass etching; subclasses
37+ for glass lens making. (See Lines
With Other Classes, "Methods of Making Optical
Elements Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 117, | Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and
Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes and non-coating apparatus
for growing therein-defined single-crystal of
all types of materials, including inorganic or organic. (See
Lines With Other Classes "Methods of Making Optical Elements
Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 99+ for optically transparent glass sandwich making. (See
Lines With Other Classes, "Methods of Making Optical
Elements Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions
Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 71 for the electroforming of a mirror or reflector
and subclass 116 for producing a mirror or reflector by electrolytic
coating. (See Lines With Other Classes, "Methods
of Making Optical Elements Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 248, | Supports,
subclasses 466+ provides for supports for panel type structures. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Supports
or Mounts for Optical Elements and Systems," above.) |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 200+ for optical systems for controlling or controlled
by a photocell and subclasses 336.1 to 395 for methods and
apparatus for the detection of invisible, radiation or
the testing of material by invisible radiation for the production, transmission, control
or general utilization of invisible radiant energy, including
cathode rays, ultra-violet rays and the radiations
and emanations of radio-active substances and the irradiation
of material not limited to particular arts. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 250, | Radiant Energy, for systems whose operation is restricted to the
nonvisible portion of the spectrum. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class "Nonvisible Radiation.") |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 200+ generally, where a photocell is claimed
as a part of the optical system. (See Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
System Including Photocell.") |
| 252, | Compositions, for compositions generally,
subclasses 299.01+ providing for compositions of liquid crystals and
subclasses 582+ providing for other light transmission
modifying compositions. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, "Compositions and Stock
Material.") |
| 264, | Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 1.1+ for optical article shaping or treating. (See
Lines With Other Classes, "Methods of Making Optical Elements
Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 313, | Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclasses 110+ for an electron lamp or discharge device having
an optical device structurally combined therewith. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclass 815.76 for lens type indicator. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 853.1+ for wellbore telemetry including any type of radiant
energy; (i.e., optical, radio, etc.). (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Telemetry," above.) |
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 870.28+ for an optical data link in combination with a
specific sensor. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, "Optical Telemetry," above.) |
| 343, | Communications: Radio Wave Antennas,
subclasses 909+ for radio wave refracting means and filters. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 348, | Television,
subclasses 195+ , 335+, 744+, and 832+ for
optical systems included in television systems. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 351, | Optics: Eye Examining, Vision
Testing and Correcting,
subclasses 159.01+ for spectacle lenses. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 351, | Optics: Eye Examining, Vision
Testing and Correcting, for spectacles and instruments for vision testing
and eye examining. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class "Optical Elements Combined With Diverse Type
Art Devices.") |
| 351, | Optics: Eye Examining, Vision
Testing and Correcting,
subclasses 200+ for eye examining and testing instruments. (Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Measuring
and Testing") |
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures, for optical systems used in motion picture apparatus. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class "Optical
Elements Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors, for image projectors. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class "Optical Elements
Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 396 for measurements involving moire patterns caused
by plural optical grids relatively movable with respect to each
other and subclass 242.1 for moire pattern examination
of mesh or grid like material including knitted fabrics to determine
the number of threads, lines or the spacing between the
lines. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, "Optical Elements Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing, for methods and apparatus for analyzing light, determining the
optical or nonoptical properties of materials, measuring
optically dimensions, determining optically spatial relations
and inspecting optically for flaws and imperfections, within the
scope of this class and not otherwise classifiable. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class "Optical
Elements Combined With Diverse Type Art Device.") |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing, provides generally for measuring and testing systems which determine
the optical characteristics of light so as to measure materials
and provides in
subclasses 124+ for lens or reflective image former testing. (Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Measuring
and Testing") |
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclasses 400 through 304for optical systems included in facsimile systems. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 362, | Illumination,
subclasses 341+ and 326+ respectively for reflecting and
refracting elements to be used with an artificial source of illumination. |
| 362, | Illumination, appropriate subclasses for light sources combined with
optical light modifiers, especially
subclass 19 for light sources with polarizers; subclasses
166-170 and 293 for light sources with selected wavelength
filters; subclass 268 for light sources combined with plural
serial lens elements; subclasses 296.01-296.1
for light sources with reflectors; and subclasses 326-350
for refractors and reflectors, respectively, for
use with light sources. (See this class (359), Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, Optical Elements
Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.) |
| 365, | Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclasses 64 , 106+, 120+, 215+, and
234+ for systems and circuits utilizing radiant energy. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators, appropriate subclasses for oscillators of the quantum
electronic type for generating coherent electromagnetic waves in
the optical range by stimulated emission of radiation (e.g., lasers, irasers). (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class "Optical Elements
Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators, appropriate subclasses for lasers and similar devices, per
se, when they function as a generator of coherent electromagnetic
waves in the optical range. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class "Lasers," above.) |
| 378, | X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,
subclasses 145+ for X-ray beam control devices. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides, appropriate subclasses for light wave transmitting
devices. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class "Optical Elements Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 396, | Photography, appropriate subclasses for still cameras. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class "Optical
Elements Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 399, | Electrophotography,
subclasses 9+ for diagnostics, subclasses 38+ for
controls, subclasses 130+ for image formation, subclasses
168+ for charging, subclasses 177+ for
exposure, subclasses 222+ for development, subclasses
297+ for transfer, subclasses 320+ for
fixing, subclasses 343+ for cleaning, and
subclasses 361+ for document handling. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions,
subclasses 59+ for a sun or radiation screening or sun tanning
composition intended for topical application to a living body. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Compositions
and Stock Material.") |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 162+ for coating processes, per se, wherein
the product is an optical element. (See Lines
With Other Classes, "Methods of Making Optical
Elements Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 1.1 for miscellaneous liquid crystal articles and appropriate
subclasses for a metallic or nonmetallic stock material product
in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet or a structurally
defined or coated rod, strand, fiber flake or
other element and a nonstructural metallic or nonmetallic composite
web or sheet defined by the compositions of the layers. Note
subclass 910 (a cross-reference art collection) for
a product with molecular orientation. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Compositions
and Stock Material.") |
| 451, | Abrading,
subclasses 42+ for a lens grinding process and subclasses 323
and 325 for a machine for grinding an optical lens. (See Lines
With Other Classes, "Methods of Making Optical
Elements Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 505, | Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process,
subclasses 100+ for high temperature (Tc
30 K) superconducting material. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Compositions
and Stock Materia.") |
| 505, | Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process,
subclasses 150+ for high temperature (Tc
30 K) superconducting device, and particularly
subclasses 181+ for photoconductive, light transmissive, light emissive, or
light responsive device or component. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Classified Elsewhere.") |
| 505, | Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process,
subclasses 150+ for high temperature (Tc
30 K) superconducting device; and particularly
subclasses 181+ for photoconductive, light transmissive, light emissive, or
light responsive device or component. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Optical
Elements Combined With Diverse Type Art Devices.") |
| 702, | Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclass 40 , 49, 134+, and
172 for the use of radiant energy (e.g., X-ray, light, etc.) in a
mechanical measurement system, flow metering, temperature
measuring system, or system for measuring thickness or
width, respectively, and subclass 159 for measuring
of linear distance or length by reflected signal (e.g., ultrasonic, light, laser). |
| 708, | Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclass 816 for optical correlation or convolution and subclass
831 for electro-optical analog integrators. This
class will accept optical computers where the resultant mathematical
operation is in the form of an electrical signal. For
mathematical operations performed by optical means, classification
is in Class 359. |
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
BINOCULAR
Pertaining to the use of both eyes in the act of viewing.
BIREFRINGENT
Certain crystalline materials have their outer electrons bound
more strongly in one direction than another resulting in the material
having two refractive indices depending on the direction of the
oscillation. Such materials are termed birefringent and, if
an unpolarized light ray enters such a material obliquely, it
will be refracted into two different linearly polarized rays having
directions of polarization which are normal to one another.
DICHROIC
As used in one sense, the term dichroic refers
to (1) the property of some materials to absorb
to a greater degree one or the other of the two orthogonal component
vectors which can be considered as constituting ordinary light.
This results in producing light polarized to a degree depending
upon the relative absorption of the two components. The
term dichroic is also used to refer to (2) an
optical element which will transmit light of one color and reflect
other colors with little light being absorbed. These elements
are usually composed of superimposed strata of dielectric materials.
DIFFRACTION
A phenomenon resulting from the wave nature of light, e.g., light
passing through a slit of decreasing width, forms a narrower
and narrower beam until the slit width approaches the wavelength
of light, after which further decreasing of the slit width
results in a beam having a larger and larger divergence.
DIFFRACTION PATTERN
The intensity profile of a light beam after having passed by
a diffracting aperture or object.
DIFFUSE
Pertaining to the scattering or random deviation of transmitted
or reflected light.
HOLOGRAPHY
The optical recording of an object wave formed by the resulting
interference pattern of two (or more) mutually coherent, component
light beams. Generally, a coherent beam is first
split into two component beams, one of which irradiates
an object, the second of which irradiates a recording medium.
The diffraction or scattering of the first wave by the object forms
an object wave which proceeds to and interferes with a second coherent beam (i.e., reference
beam) at the medium. The resulting pattern is
a two-dimensional (thin) or three-dimensional (thick) hologram
of the object wave, depending on the thickness of the recording
medium.
IMAGE FORMER
An optical device capable of producing an image from light
rays proceeding from an object.
INTERFERENCE
The interaction of two light waves which, as
a result of their relative phases, produce a cancellation
or reinforcement of wave energy.
LIGHT, VISIBLE LIGHT
Visible light is radiation which stimulates the optical receptors
of the eye and has a wavelength from 3850 to 7600 Angstrom units.
The term light is used to refer to wavelengths in the above mentioned
range and, often, also to refer to the ranges
immediately adjacent, i.e., the ultra
violet and infrared ranges which are nonvisible.
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
The conveyance of information from one location to another
via at least one optical transmitter and one optical receiver.
These are used to transfer the information with an optical beam
and this beam can be used in various communication schemes to enable
the most effective or desired method of moving the information, including
optical multiplexing when plural information signals or plural transmitters
and receivers are utilized.
OPTICAL ELEMENT
A structure which performs a basic optical function, i.e., the
structure, when exposed to or placed in the path of a light
beam, will cause refraction, diffraction, attenuation, or
blocking of the light or a modification in the character or properties
of the light. In lenses, the complete lens is
considered an optical element, while the individual masses
of a plural element lens are considered as lens elements or lens
components.
OPTICAL MODULATION
The change of some characteristic of an optical beam
in direct relation to a varying signal applied thereto.
The change may be temporal (e.g., amplitude, frequency, or phase) or
directional.
OPTICAL SYSTEM
A combination of two or more similar or diverse optical elements
which are optically related.
OPTICS, OPTICAL
The science of light and vision and the construction
of optical instruments.
POLARIZATION
In a beam of polarized electromagnetic radiation, the polarization
direction is the direction of the electric field vector (with
no distinction between positive and negative as the field oscillates
back and forth). The electric field vector is
always in the plane which is normal to the beam propagation direction. At
a given stationary point in space, the electric field vector
of a beam can vary with time at random (unpolarized beam), can
remain constant (plane-polarized beam), or
can rotate. In the latter two cases, the beam
is said to be "polarized" and can be thought of
as the resultant vector of two orthogonal component vectors having
equal amplitudes. If the phase difference of the two component
vectors is 0 degrees, the light is plane polarized; if
90 degrees, the light is circularly polarized; and
if it is between 0 and 90 degrees, the light is elliptically
polarized. Elliptical and plane polarized light can be
converted into each other by means of birefringent optical systems
which retard one of the orthogonal component vectors relative to
the other.
REFLECTION
Light striking a surface and returning back into the medium
from which it came, at an angle equal but opposite to the
angle of incidence.
REFRACTION
The deviation of light which results when a ray of light passes
obliquely from a medium of one refractive index to a medium of another
refractive index.
RETROREFLECTION
Light striking a surface and returning back into the medium
in the reverse direction (i.e., a
180 degree change from its original path).
SPECTRUM
The band of colors produced by separating a beam of white
light into its component frequencies.
TERMINAL IMAGE
The last image formed by a compound system.
ULTRAVIOLET/INFRARED
Electromagnetic radiation immediately above and below the
optical visible frequency spectrum is termed ultraviolet and infrared, respectively. This
entire range of frequencies is encompassed by the term "light."
SUBCLASSES
![[List of Patents for class 359 subclass 1]](../ps.gif) 1 | HOLOGRAPHIC SYSTEM OR ELEMENT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein apparatus for forming a record of
the phase and amplitude information of a wavefront where the information
can be used to reconstruct the original wavefront; apparatus
to reconstruct the original wavefront from a record containing the
phase and amplitude information of this wavefront; or the
record itself is recited.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass is the generic locus for subject
matter relating to holography. However, where
particular use or application is claimed, classification
is in the appropriate use or application class. |
| | (2)
Note. Nominally claimed subject matter external
to this class in combination with holography is classified here.
Significantly claimed subject matter external to this class in combination
with holography is classified in the class appropriate to the external
subject matter. |
| | (3)
Note. Interferometers are excluded from this subclass
and are classified in Class 356, subclasses 345+. |
| | (4)
Note. Holographic memories including those having
a nominal recitation of a photodetector or photocell are included in
this or the indented subclasses. Static holographic storage
and retrieval systems having electrical circuitry are classified
in Class 365. |
| | (5)
Note. Dynamic holographic storage and retrieval
systems having electrical circuitry are classified in Class 369. |
| | (6)
Note. Mere nominal recitation of developing, fixing, bleaching, or
etching a photographic recording medium does not exclude the subject
matter from this class. Holographic systems including significant
chemical processing steps are classified in Class 430, Radiation
Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof. |
| | (7)
Note. Systems for making holographic matched filters
are included in this and the indented subclasses. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 558+, | for correlation systems using holographic matched
filters. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 603+ and 656 for acoustic holographic testing and for
holographic interferometry in which an object is acted upon during
the test, as for example, stressed or vibrated. |
| 235, | Registers,
subclass 457 for holographic coded record sensors with particular
circuitry to process electrical signals. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses, for holographic systems
that use radiation entirely outside of the optical or microwave
ranges and which is not acoustic, and
subclass 550 for photocell circuits and apparatus for interference
pattern analysis (e.g., holography). |
| 283, | Printed Matter, appropriate subclasses for holograms in combination with
credit or identification cards. |
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclass 980 for nonalarm flight indicator visible in pilot’s
line-of-sight through windscreen. |
| 342, | Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio
Navigation),
subclasses 176+ for head up display combined with radar. |
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclasses 7+ for heads-up displays with selective electrical
control. |
| 348, | Television,
subclasses 40+ for television systems which use holography. |
| 355, | Photocopying,
subclass 2 for photographic copying of holograms by nonholographic
means. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 457 for holographic interferometry in general. |
| 365, | Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclass 125 , 216, and 235 for holographic
storage and retrieval of information systems including significant
and particular electrical circuitry. |
| 367, | Communications, Electrical:
Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices,
subclasses 8+ for acoustic holography in general. |
| 369, | Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 103 for dynamic storage or retrieval using a holographic
storage medium. |
| 378, | X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,
subclass 36 for X-ray holography or interferometry. |
| 380, | Cryptography,
subclass 54 for this subject matter used in a device for revealing
concealed information. |
| 382, | Image Analysis,
subclasses 210+ for spatial filtering (e.g., holography) in
a pattern recognition system. |
| 396, | Photography, for photography in general. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof,
subclasses 1+ for holographic systems involving significant chemical
processing steps, composition, or product. |
| 600, | Surgery,
subclasses 101+ for endoscopes. |
| 708, | Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing
and Calculating, appropriate subclasses for electrical computers
or data processing arithmetic systems which may use holography. |
|
| | |
| 2 | Authentication: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein a hologram is used to provide proof
that a document is not counterfeit or to make a document copy-proof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 283, | Printed Matter, for document authentification with nominally recited
holograms. |
| 380, | Cryptography,
subclass 54 for modifying an optical image in order to conceal
or reveal a hidden message. |
|
| | |
| 3 | Having particular recording medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which details of the internal structure
of a holographic recording medium is defined either physically or
chemically.
| | (1)
Note. An example of such a physical definition: "a
multilayer emulsion, each layer being sensitive to a different color".
A chemical definition: "thermoplastic tape". |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof,
subclass 1 for holographic processes involving significant
chemical processing steps composition or product; and appropriate
subclasses for radiation chemical recording media, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 4 | Recyclable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter in which the recording medium is of such
a nature that the recorded information can be erased to permit further
record-erase cycles.
| | (1)
Note. Included here are photochromics, thermochromics, dye
cells, magnetic films, etc. | |
| | |
| 5 | Magnetic material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein the recording medium is a material
which is alterable by application of magnetic force. |
| | |
| 6 | Sandwich having photoconductor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter in which the recording medium is integral
with a layer of material which, when illuminated, undergoes
a decrease in resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 257, | Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State
Diodes),
subclasses 10 , 11, 21, 53-56, 72, 113-118, 184-189, 225-234, 257, 258, 290-294, 414, 431-466, and
910 for light responsive active semiconductor devices. |
|
| | |
| 7 | Cyrstalline material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter in which the recording material is either
a single crystal or in polycrystalline form. |
| | |
| 9 | For synthetically generating a hologram: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including means for providing a hologram
of a single object by other than a single exposure to the interference
pattern of light from the object as a whole and a reference beam.
| | (1)
Note. Holographic stereograms are considered recordings
of different images and are excluded from this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. Holographic memories are excluded in which
an object beam is scanned so as to act as a page composer when each
bit is intended to be separately detected. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 23, | for holographic stereograms. |
|
| | |
| 10 | Using modulated or plural reference beams: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which a hologram is formed by interfering
an object-modulated beam with another beam which is spatially
or temporally modulated or with a plurality of other beams.
| | (1)
Note. Phase modulation systems to compensate for
object motion and systems for extending the depth of fluid are included
here. | |
| | |
| 11 | Spatial, phase or amplitude modulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the reference beam is modulated
by changing its phase, path length, or amplitude
so as to have a nonuniform wavefront.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 22+, | for spatial multiplexed holograms. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 365, | Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclass 49.1 for associative holographic memories. |
|
| | |
| 12 | Copying by holographic means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which an image reconstructed from one
hologram is used as the object in making a second hologram.
| | (1)
Note. Systems in which a holographic analog to an
ordinary optical element is used to shape or form a beam used to make
a second hologram, but which does not by itself provide
the object information for the second hologram are excluded.
Such systems are classified based on the other claimed features
in subclass 1 and its indented subclasses. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 355, | Photocopying, appropriate subclasses for photographic copying, in
general. |
| 399, | Electrophotography,
subclass 118 for optics with particular modular or displaceable
structure, subclass 137 optical intermediate storage of
original image, subclasses 196+ for variable magnification
during exposure, subclass 216 for slit exposure by pivoting mirror, subclass
218 for lens used in exposure, and subclass 219 for fiber optics
used in exposure. |
|
| | |
| 13 | Head up display: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein a first image is optically superimposed
upon a second image within a field of view.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclasses 7+ for heads-up displays with selective electrical
control. |
|
| | |
| 15 | Using a hologram as an optical element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein a holographic equivalent to an ordinary
optical element is formed or used and wherein the holographic equivalent does
not itself contain any intelligence or image information more significant
than a point image.
| | (1)
Note. The optical elements for which the hologram
may be substituted include lenses, reflectors, diffusers, gratings, polarizers, beam
splitters or combiners, filters, and phase plates
or beam couplers. | |
| | |
| 16 | With aberration correction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter which compensates for the inability of an
optical system to provide a point to point correspondence between
an object and its image. |
| | |
| 17 | Scanner: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter in which a hologram is used to direct a beam
of light successively over the elements of a given region.
| | (1)
Note. Systems using a holographic element to convert
one scan pattern to another are included here. | |
| | |
| 18 | Flat rotating disk: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Subject matter where the scanning element is a planar surface, containing
holographic segments, which is rotated about an axis normal
to the surface. |
| | |
| 19 | Lens: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter in which the holographic equivalent is an
optical device which focuses light.
| | (1)
Note. Holograms which are used to form a single
image of an extended two- or three-dimensional
object are included here. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 362+, | for compound lens systems. |
| 642+, | for lenses. |
|
| | |
| 20 | Multiple point hologram (e.g., fly-eye
lens, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter wherein a hologram, which simulates
one produced by the interference of two beams with one of the beams
consisting of a plurality of separate subbeams, is produced which
is the analog of a plurality of lenses in a plane such as lenticular
or fly eye lens array. |
| | |
| 21 | Having defined page composer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including the details of the internal structure
of a changeable modulator, which serves as the principle
object in a system for making a plurality of holograms, where
the internal conditions of the modulator represent the intelligence
to be recorded in the holograms.
| | (1)
Note. Systems in which a page composer is merely
nominally recited are excluded from this subclass and are classified
on the basis of the other claimed features in subclass 1 and its
indented subclasses. | |
| | |
| 22 | For producing or reconstructing images from multiple holograms (e.g., color, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter comprising systems specifically adapted for
making a plurality of holograms, simultaneously or sequentially, of
different intelligence or for reading out images from a plurality
of holograms.
| | (1)
Note. Holographic stereograms are classified in
subclass 23. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 9, | for synthetically generating holograms. |
| 23, | for holographic stereograms. |
|
| | |
| 23 | Holographic stereogram: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter including a series of holograms made from
a series of two-dimensional pictures of a three-dimensional
object, each picture representing a different parallactic
view of the object, and upon readout the hologram series represents
a three-dimensional view to an observer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 9, | for synthetically generating a hologram. |
| 462+, | for nonholographic stereoscopic devices. |
|
| | |
| 24 | Superimposed holograms only: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter in which the plurality of holograms are fully
overlapped on the same recording medium only.
| | (1)
Note. Typical subject matter of this subclass include (a) holograms
made with multicolor illumination and (b) systems using
spatial frequency multiplexing or pupil separation. | |
| | |
| 25 | Discrete hologram only: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter in which the plurality of holograms are arranged
in a side-by-side relationship on only one integral
recording medium or have an equivalent fixed side-by-side
spatial relationship to each other such as in a frame having windows
containing the holo-grams.
| | (1)
Note. Space division multiplexing systems wherein
holograms are discretely recorded and interlaced are included here. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 23, | for holographic stereograms. |
|
| | |
| 26 | Sequential frames on moving film: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter in which the plurality of holograms will, upon
readout, produce images whose spatial location will move
as a function of the movement of the holograms and in which movement
of the holograms is used to provide for sequential readout of the
individual images at a fixed location in space.
| | (1)
Note. Holographic movies or books and holograms
of time varying electrical signals are typical of the subject matter included
here. | |
| | |
| 27 | Having particular laser source: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including a laser as a light source wherein
the physical or chemical internal structure of the laser is explicity
defined.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators, appropriate subclasses for lasers, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 29 | Fourier transform holography: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter where the transmission factor of a hologram
closely approximates a Fourier integral.
| | (1)
Note. The Fourier Transform, F(w), of
a function, f(t), is given by | |
| | |
| 30 | Having optical element between object and recording medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter comprising systems for producing holograms
in which an optical element, such as a lens, grating, mask, or
mirror is located in the path of the light between the object whose
image is to be recorded and the holographic recording medium and
systems for reconstructing an image from such holograms in which
an equivalent optical element having an equivalent spatial location
relative to the holo-gram must be used during readout. |
| | |
| 31 | Focused image holography: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter in which an image of the intelligence to
be recorded is formed on, in, or very close to
the recording medium when producing a hologram or in which an image
is formed on, in, or very close to the hologram
during readout. |
| | |
| 33 | Real image: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter for reconstructing a hologram made of an
image formed by light collected at a single point as opposed to
a virtual image. |
| | |
| 34 | With optical waveguide: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including one or more optically transparent
elongated structures (e.g., rods, fibers, or
waveguides) are used to transmit light rays from one point
to another through modal transmission or within the confines of their
outer surfaces through internal reflection.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 385, | Optical Waveguides, appropriate subclasses for optical waveguides, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 107 | OPTICAL COMPUTING WITHOUT DIFFRACTION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein basic and more involved mathematical
processes of comparing, adding, substracting, multiplying, dividing, integrating, etc., are
performed by optical elements on an optical beam prior to any conversion
to another form of energy.
| | (1)
Note. The optical beam itself performs the computing. |
| | (2)
Note. The computing of this and the indented subclass
optically works on a single input optical beam to produce a desired
output optical beam, but this optical computing is not
intended to encompass convolution (crosscorrela-tion) or
correlation functions performed by a diffration grating. |
| | (3)
Note. Electrical computing for optical purposes without
any computation using an optical beam is classified elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 560, | for convolution or cross-correlation using
a diffraction grating. |
| 561, | for correlation using a diffraction grating. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 235, | Registers,
subclasses 200+ for fluid logic. |
| 700, | Data Processing: Generic Control Systems
or Specific Applications, appropriate subclasses. |
| 701, | Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and
Relative Location, appropriate subclasses. |
| 702, | Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or
Testing, appropriate subclasses. |
| 703, | Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and
Emulation, appropriate subclasses. |
| 704, | Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language
Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression, appropriate subclasses. |
| 705, | Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or
Cost/Price Determination, appropriate subclasses. |
| 706, | Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence, appropriate subclasses. |
| 708, | Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing
and Calculating, appropriate subclasses. |
| 709, | Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multiple
Computer or Process Coordinating, appropriate subclasses. |
| 710, | Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing
Systems: Input/Output, appropriate subclasses. |
| 711, | Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, appropriate subclasses. |
| 712, | Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing
Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors), appropriate subclasses. |
| 713, | Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, appropriate subclasses. |
| 714, | Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery, appropriate subclasses. |
| 716, | Computer-Aided Design and Analysis of
Circuits and Semiconductor Masks, appropriate subclasses. |
| 717, | Data Processing: Software Development, Installation, and
Management, appropriate subclasses. |
|
| | |
| 108 | Logic gate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter wherein the optical beam performs the operation
known to be performed by an AND, OR, NOR, NOT, etc., gate
and the optical beam output is the resultant of the relationship
of all the input optical beams as designed prior to the application
of the optical beams.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 235, | Registers,
subclasses 200+ for fluid gates. |
| 326, | Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, for electrical digital logic circuits. |
| 700, | Data Processing: Generic Control Systems
or Specific Applications,
subclass 89 for data processing control system with specific
algorithm. |
|
| | |
| 196.1 | DEFLECTION USING A MOVING ELEMENT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter related to offsetting or altering the direction
of at least a portion of a light incident onto a light reflecting
or transmitting element (i.e., optical
element) such as lens, mirror, prism, etc., by
translating, rotating, oscillating, or
otherwise repositioning the element with respect to the light path.
| | (1)
Note. A prism may be employed for refracting or reflecting
light. Prism reflections are considered to be internal reflections; that
is, the light is inside the prism body before and immediately
after reflection. Light beam deflection by a movable prism
is included in this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. Lenses or curved surface mirrors movable for
focusing are classified elsewhere in this class. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 227, | through 236, for light control by an opaque element or medium
movable in or through light path. |
| 298, | through 320, for light wave directional modulation. |
| 577, | through 590, for light control by light interference. |
| 642, | through 830, for lenses, per se. |
| 831, | through 837, for prisms, per se. |
| 838, | through 884, for mirrors, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 503.1 through 504+for an invisible radiation source with a radiation
modifying member, in general, and subclasses 505.1-519.1, for
radiation controlling elements per se, exclusive of infrared, visible
and ultraviolet types. |
| 348, | Television,
subclasses 195 through 205for mechanical-optical scanning by moving
a lens or refractor. |
|
| | |
| 197.1 | Using a periodically moving element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Subject matter wherein the moving of the light reflecting
or transmitting element occurs at regular intervals.
| | (1)
Note. The motion of the light reflective or transmitting
element or medium as a result of vehicle vibration, vehicle
wheel motion, wind action, etc., is
considered to be of an irregular nature and not periodic within
the meaning of this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 227, | through 236, for light control by an opaque element or medium
movable in or through a light path. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 348, | Television,
subclasses 195 through 205for mechanical-optical scanning. |
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclass 84 for high speed cameras which use rotating optical
elements and subclasses 105-120 for motion picture optical
rectifiers using rotating or scanning optical elements. |
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclasses 474 through 498for a facsimile scanning signal generator. |
|
| | |
| 198.1 | With particular mount or driver for element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 197.1. Subject matter includes details of structure to support
or move the element periodically.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 221.2, | for deflection of light wherein the deflection element
or medium further comprises detail structure for supporting or moving
the non-periodically moving element. |
|
| | |
| 199.1 | Oscillating driver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Subject matter includes means to move the element back and
forth repetitively.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 213.1, | for light deflection wherein the reflective moving
element is an oscillating reflective element. |
|
| | |
| 199.2 | Electrostatically driven: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 199.1. Subject matter wherein the oscillating driver is powered
via an electrical device having an energy source pertaining to an
electric charge or field alone, without interaction with
magnetic influence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 200.6, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
is moved by a non-oscillating electrostatic driver. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 310, | Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclasses 309 and 310 for an electrical generator or motor structure wherein
the electrical charge or potential is of static electricity. |
|
| | |
| 199.3 | Electromagnetically driven: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 199.1. Subject matter wherein the oscillating driver is powered
via an electromotive force in a conductor when there is a change
in magnetic flux through the conductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 200.7, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
is moved by a non-oscillating electromagnetic driver. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 310, | Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 90.5 for an electrical generator or motor further comprising bearings
having an induction field. |
|
| | |
| 199.4 | Electromechanically driven: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 199.1. Subject matter wherein the oscillating driver is powered
via an electrical to mechanical conversion device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 200.8, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
is driven by a non-oscillating electromechanical driver. |
|
| | |
| 200.1 | Bearing or shaft for rotary driver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 199.1. Subject matter wherein the oscillating driver is powered
via an electrical to mechanical conversion device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 221.3, | for bearings or a shaft for a non-periodic
rotary driver. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 310, | Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 90.5 for an electrical generator or motor further comprising bearings
having an induction field. |
| 384, | Bearings,
subclasses 91 through 623for bearings, per se. |
|
| | |
| 200.2 | Specific shaft material or structure (e.g. ceramic
ring): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Subject matter wherein the shaft has a defined shape
or configuration or having a particular compositional make up.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 221.4, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
further comprises a specific shaft material or structure for a non-periodic
rotary driver. |
|
| | |
| 200.4 | Fluid pressure bearing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Subject matter including structural details of fluid
under pressure provided between the bearing and the rotating shaft
to reduce the friction between them during the rotation.
| | (1)
Note. Fluid bearings are also called hydrostatic
or gas bearings, and are bearings which support load on
a thin layer of liquid or gas. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 384, | Bearings,
subclasses 100 through 124for fluid bearings, per se. |
|
| | |
| 200.6 | Electrostatic driver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Subject matter wherein the driver is powered via an
electrical device having an energy source pertaining to an electric
charge or field alone, without interaction with magnetic
influence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 199.2, | for light deflection wherein the element is moved
by an electrostatic oscillating driver. |
|
| | |
| 200.7 | Electromagnetic driver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Subject matter wherein the driver is powered via an electromotive
force in a conductor when there is a change in magnetic flux through
the conductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 199.3, | for light deflection wherein a periodically moving
element further comprises an electromagnetic oscillating driver. |
|
| | |
| 200.8 | Electromechanical driver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Subject matter wherein the driver is powered via an
electrical to mechanical conversion device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 199.4, | for light deflection wherein a periodically moving
element further comprises an electromechanical oscillating driver. |
|
| | |
| 202.1 | X-Y scanners: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 201.1. Subject matter wherein the multiple scanning elements
cause a deflection of light in two mutually perpendicular directions. |
| | |
| 204.2 | Including modulated light beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204.1. Subject matter wherein at least one of the light beams
has its amplitude, frequency or phase modified in proportion
to an applied time varying signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 217.2, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
is a multifaceted rotating element that deflects modulated light. |
| 224.2, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
is a reflective element moved by a deformable support that deflects
modulated light. |
| 237, | through 236, for modulation,
per se. |
|
| | |
| 204.3 | Including polarized light beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204.1. Subject matter wherein at least one of the light beams
is modified such that all electric field vectors are within the
same plane (plane polarized) or having vectors
within two orthogonal planes (elliptically polarized).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
|
| | |
| 204.5 | With diffraction grating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204.1. Subject matter wherein the multiple light beams are
bent or deflected via a barrier or a series of narrow slits.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 207.7, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
is a post scanning element comprising a diffraction grating. |
| 211.6, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
further comprises non-periodically rotional diffracting grating. |
| 217.4, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
further comprises a non-periodically multifacted rotating reflective
element having a diffraction grating. |
| 558, | through 576, for diffraction, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 206.1 | High distortion lens (e.g., f-Theta
lens): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 205.1. Subject matter wherein the post scanning optical element
includes a lens producing an image such that the image height is
proportional to the scan angle (Theta).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 662, | for an f-Theta lens, per se. |
|
| | |
| 207.1 | Anamorphic elements: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 205.1. Subject matter including an optical element that produces
unequal image magnifications in two orthogonal planes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 668, | for anamorphic lenses, per se. |
|
| | |
| 207.2 | Having an aspheric surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.1. Subject matter wherein the anamorphic optical element
has a non-spherical surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 708, | through 718, for lenses having aspherical
surfaces. |
|
| | |
| 207.6 | Cylindrical or toric lens: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 205.1. Subject matter wherein the post scanning optical element
consists of a lens with at least one surface that is formed like
a portion of a cylinder i.e., cylindrical
lens, or a lens having a main power in one meridian and
a minimum power in a perpendicular meridian, i.e., toric lens. |
| | |
| 207.7 | With diffraction portion or element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 205.1. Subject matter wherein the post scanning optical element
includes an edge, narrow slit or groove for bending or
deflecting light incident thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 204.5, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
further comprises a diffraction grating acting upon multi-beam
polarized light. |
| 211.6, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
further comprises non-periodically rotational diffracting
grating. |
| 217.4, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
further comprises a non-periodically multifacted rotating reflective
element having a diffraction grating. |
| 558, | through 576, for diffraction, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 207.8 | With reflecting prism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 205.1. Subject matter wherein the post scanning optical element
is a wedge-shaped transparent body consisting of plane
surfaces set at specified angles, some of these surfaces
transmit light and some reflect light, which causes the incident
light to traverse in succession.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 831, | through 837, for prisms, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 207.9 | Polarized beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 205.1. Subject matter wherein the light incident on the post scanning
optical element is modified such that all electric field vectors
are within the same plane (plane polarized) or
having vectors within two orthogonal planes (elliptically polarized).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 204.3, | for light deflection wherein the deflected light
beams are plural multiple polarized beams. |
|
| | |
| 207.11 | Thermal compensation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 205.1. Subject matter wherein the post scanning optical element
includes means to counteract operational effects due to changes
in temperature. |
| | |
| 208.1 | Concave reflector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 205.1. Subject matter wherein the post scanning optical element
has an inwardly curved reflective surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 867, | through 869, for a concave cylindrical mirror
providing a line focus. |
|
| | |
| 210.1 | Moving lens: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 209.1. Subject matter wherein the transmissive element is
a transparent optical component with surfaces so curved such that
transmitted light is converged, diverged, or collimated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 211.1, | for deflection of a light beam using a periodically
moving prism. |
| 642, | through 830, for lenses, per se. |
|
| | |
| 210.2 | Rotational lens: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Subject matter wherein the moving lens moves about
an axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 226.1, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
is a non-periodic rotating reflective element. |
| 226.2, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
is a non-periodic rotating element. |
|
| | |
| 211.1 | Moving prism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 209.1. Subject matter wherein the transmissive element is
a transparent optical element having at least two (2) flat
surfaces angled relative to each other to refract the light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 210.1, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
is a moving lens. |
| 592, | through 595, for refracting elements employed in natural light
directing systems. |
| 606, | for prismoidal antiglare mirrors. |
| 618, | for plural path optical systems which divide or
combine light paths. |
| 831, | through 837, for a prism, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 51 for optical test devices having prisms used in
infrared or UV range alone and subclasses 300 – 334 for
prism-type spectroscopic instruments. |
|
| | |
| 211.5 | Rotating element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 209.1. Subject matter wherein the transmissive element moves
about an axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 210.2, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
is a rotational lens. |
| 211.2, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
is a rotational prism. |
|
| | |
| 211.6 | With diffraction grating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.5. Subject matter wherein the rotating element includes
an edge, narrow slit or groove for bending or deflecting
light incident thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 204.5, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
further comprises a diffraction grating acting upon multi-beam
polarized light. |
| 207.7, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
is a post scanning element comprising a diffraction grating. |
| 217.4, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
further comprises a nonperiodically multifacated rotating reflective
element having a diffraction grating. |
| 558, | through 576, for diffraction, per se. |
|
| | |
| 212.1 | Reflective type moving element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 197.1. Subject matter wherein the periodically moving element
has a surface that returns the incident light back to its original
medium without changing its wavelength.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 207.8, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
further comprises post scanning reflecting prisms. |
| 838, | through 884, for reflective optical elements, per se. |
|
| | |
| 212.2 | Rotating reflective element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 212.1. Subject matter wherein the element moves about an
axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 210.2, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
is a rotating lens. |
| 211.2, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
is a rotational prism. |
| 211.5, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
is a rotating transmissive element. |
|
| | |
| 214.1 | Single plane mirror: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 213.1. Subject matter wherein the reflective element has a
unitary flat reflective surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 838, | through 884, for mirrors, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 217.2 | With beam modulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 216.1. Subject matter wherein the light’s amplitude, frequency
or phase has been modified in proportion to an applied time varying
signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 204.2, | for scanners using multiple modulated light beams. |
| 224.2, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
is a reflective element moved by a deformable support that deflects
modulated light. |
| 237, | through 324, for modulation, per se. |
|
| | |
| 217.3 | Having vibration absorbing means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 216.1. Subject matter including means to attenuate or eliminate
unwanted trembling motion of the moving element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 207.11, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
having thermal compensation. |
|
| | |
| 217.4 | With diffractive element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 216.1. Subject matter wherein the multifaceted rotating element
includes an edge, narrow slit or groove for bending or
deflecting the incident light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 204.5, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
further comprises a diffraction grating acting upon multi-beam
polarized light. |
| 207.7, | for light deflection wherein the deflection element
is a post scanning element comprising a diffraction grating. |
| 211.6, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
further comprises a non-periodically rotational diffraction
grating. |
|
| | |
| 218.1 | Having six, seven, or eight facets: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 216.1. Subject matter wherein the number of reflecting surfaces
is greater than five and less than nine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 219.1, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
is a multifaceted rotating element having five or fewer reflecting
surfaces. |
|
| | |
| 219.1 | Having five or fewer facets: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 216.1. Subject matter wherein the number of reflecting surfaces
is less than six.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 218.1, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
is a multifaceted rotating element having more than five, but
less than nine, reflecting surfaces. |
|
| | |
| 219.2 | Inclined reflective elements: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 216.1. Subject matter wherein the reflective elements are disposed
at an angle relative to the rotational axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 217.1, | for a multifaceted reflective element wherein the
facets are parallel to the axis of rotation. |
|
| | |
| 221.2 | With particular mount or drive for element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Subject matter includes details of structure to support
or move the element to deflect the light beam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 198.1, | for light deflection comprising detailed structure
for supporting or moving a periodically moving element or medium. |
|
| | |
| 221.3 | Bearing or shaft for rotary driver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 221.2. Subject matter includes structural details of the load
support or the axle member to which torque is applied to cause rotation
of the driver.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 200.1, | for light deflection wherein the deflecting element
further comprising bearings or shaft for a periodic rotary driver. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 384, | Bearings,
subclasses 91 through 623for bearings, per se. |
|
| | |
| 222.1 | By frustrated total internal reflection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Subject matter wherein light is deflected via light
leakage at a total reflecting interface of a first reflective surface
when a second reflective surface is placed in proximity of the first.
| | (1)
Note. When light is incident on a reflective surface
and undergoes total internal reflection, by bringing a
second element or medium into proximity with the first surface, total
internal reflection becomes frustrated and the light beam is no
longer total internal reflection, but instead, is passed
into the second element or medium. | |
| | |
| 223.1 | By moving a reflective element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Subject matter wherein the direction of at least a
portion of an incident light beam is offset or changed by repositioning
an optical element which returns incident light without changing its
wavelength.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 207.8, | for light beam deflection having a reflective prism
after the moving element (i.e. post scanning). |
| 291, | through 295, for light control by deforming or flexing a reflector. |
| 838, | through 884, for a reflector or mirror, per
se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclass 230 for reflection-type light valves used
in photocell systems. |
| 324, | Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 97 for galvanometers of the light beam type. |
| 348, | Television,
subclasses 203 through 205for mechanical-optical scanning by a moving
reflector. |
|
| | |
| 224.1 | Reflective element moved by deformable support: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Subject matter wherein structure holding the element
is extended, flexed or contracted to modify the position
of the reflecting element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 199.3, | for light beam deflection wherein the reflecting
element itself is extended, flexed or contracted. |
|
| | |
| 224.2 | Modulated light beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 224.1. Subject matter wherein the light’s amplitude, frequency
or phase is modified in proportion to an applied time varying signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 204.2, | for scanners using multiple modulated light beams. |
| 217.2, | for modulated light reflected by a multifaceted
rotating element. |
| 291, | through 295, for optical modulation by altering the shape or
contour of the light control surface. |
|
| | |
| 226.1 | Rotating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Subject matter wherein the reflective element rotates
about an axis which does not pass through the element. |
| | |
| 226.3 | Fluid filled medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Subject matter wherein the element comprises a liquid or
gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 228, | for light control by a movable opaque element or
medium including a gas or liquid. |
| 665, | for a fluid lens, per se. |
| 886, | for a fluid filter, per se. |
|
| | |
| 227 | LIGHT CONTROL BY OPAQUE ELEMENT OR MEDIUM MOVABLE IN OR THROUGH
LIGHT PATH: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising the control of the amount of light
transmitted through an area defined by an optical beam via an element
or material, which is either completely opaque or opaque
only in certain portions whereas the other portions are transparent, by (1) selectively
intercepting the light path by the element or (2) changing
the orientation of the element within the light path.
| | (1)
Note. Where the element is not substantially opaque, but
is used to reduce the light intensity, the subject matter
is not classified here but in subclass 889. |
| | (2)
Note. Class 359 provides for optical diaphragms
and shutters, per se, in subclasses 227+ for
lenses combined with shutters generally in subclasses 738+, and
for lenses combined with diaphragms generally in subclasses 739+. However, a
camera shutter and diaphragm, per se, are classifiable
in Class 396, Photography, subclasses 452+ and subclasses
505+ respectively, the indicated use in cameras
or camera background being sufficient for classification in Class
396 as opposed to Class 359. Class 396 also provides for
lenses broadly or specifically combined with camera shutter or diaphragm
details, it being emphasized that such combinations involving
noncamera shutters or diaphragms or plural disclosures of utility
are classified in subclasses 738+ and 739+ of
Class 359 as indicated above. The combination of a lens
broadly or specifically claimed and a camera shutter or diaphragm
broadly claimed are classifiable in subclasses 738+ and
739+ of this class (359). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 196.1 | through 226.3, for light deflection by a moving element. |
| 738+, | for light controlling means combined with a lens. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 396, | Photography, particularly
subclasses 452+ and 505+ for shutters and diaphragms used
in cameras and see (2) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 228 | Fluid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including a liquid or gas.
| | (1)
Note. The fluid itself or an element in the fluid
may constitute the light controlling element. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 296, | for realignment or repositioning of particles (possibly
opaque) suspended in a fluid in response to an applied
field. |
| 665+, | for a fluid lens. |
| 886, | for a fluid filter. |
|
| | |
| 229 | With glare or flicker elimination: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter comprising structure for equalizing light
intensity reaching the eye or for reducing glare or flicker.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 601+, | for generic glare reduction. |
|
| | |
| 230 | Electro-mechanical: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter wherein electrical energy is used to control
the movement of the light controlling element.
| | (1)
Note. This includes solenoid and tuning fork structures
and electrostatic type effects. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 228, | for electro-mechanically controlled light
control systems using a liquid. |
|
| | |
| 231 | String or ribbon type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter wherein electric current is applied across
a resilient, electrically conducting opaque element which
as a result of its location in the field of an electromagnet vibrates, thus
interrupting a light path or a portion thereof in accordance with
variations in the current or in the strength of the field of the electromagnet. |
| | |
| 232 | Slit type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter wherein the light controlling structure comprises
a pair of jaws having opposed parallel edges which can be moved toward
or away from each other and which can be fixed in a variety of intermediate
positions between fully open and fully closed.
| | (1)
Note. Typically the location of the center of the
slit remains fixed. | |
| | |
| 234 | With rotating or pivoting element (e.g., scanning
discs): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter comprising means wherein the light control
results from revolving, completely or partially, an
opaque element or an element containing opaque and transparent portions.
| | (1)
Note. Included here are generic optical shutters
or diaphragms, per se, which have rotating vanes
or blades. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 229, | for similar subject matter used in reducing glare. |
| 233, | for two relative moving apertured elements which
may rotate. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 201.1+ for scanning elements of this type used in photo-cell
controlled optical systems and subclass 232 for the combination
of a light chopper and photocell. |
|
| | |
| 235 | Continuously rotating apertured element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter wherein the light controlling element revolves
nonstop during the operation of the device.
| | (1)
Note. Apertures as used here encompass slots removed
around the periphery of an otherwise opaque element. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 233, | for relative motion of two apertured elements where
one may be continuously rotating. |
|
| | |
| 237 | OPTICAL MODULATOR: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an optical element varies a characteristic
of a traversing optical light beam in direct proportion to an applied time-varying
signal which may be in any energy form.
| | (1)
Note. Characteristics of a traversing light beam
that may be varied include its direction or characteristics such
as amplitude, frequency, phase, or polarization. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 109+, | for optical communication systems or devices which
may include an optical modulator. |
| 325, | for an optical demodulator, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 200+ for photocell circuit and subclasses 503.1+ for
an invisible radiation source with a radiation modifying member, generally. |
| 332, | Modulators, appropriate subclasses for modulators of an electrical
wave. |
| 348, | Television,
subclasses 195+ for mechanical-optical scanning. |
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclass 84 for high speed cameras which use rotating optical
elements and subclasses 105+ for motion picture optical
rectifiers using roatating or scanning optical elements. |
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators, appropriate subclasses for lasers including internal
light control apparatus. |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclasses 1+ and 4+ for light wave modulation within
an optical waveguide. |
| 396, | Photography, particularly
subclasses 452+ and 505+ for shutters and diaphragms used
in cameras and see (2) Note in subclass 227 above. |
|
| | |
| 238 | Light wave temporal modulation (e.g., frequency, amplitude, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a device varies a property of light
which is a function of time only as it traverses the device where
such variation is in accordance with the applied varying signal which
can be of any energy form.
| | (1)
Note. Such properties of the traversing light include
amplitude, frequency, or phase. |
| | (2)
Note. Optical modulation occuring exclusively within
a waveguide is classified in Class 385. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 298+, | for directional modulation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclasses 1+ for light temporal modulation inside of a waveguide. |
|
| | |
| 240 | Changing bulk optical parameter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter comprising structure for controlling a light
parameter by changing a bulk optical parameter of an optically transmitting medium.
| | (1)
Note. "Bulk optical parameter" refers
to those inherent internal characteristics of an optical element
which can be defined by mathematical expressions describing their
effect on light radiation (e.g., index of
refraction, transmissivity, etc.) and which
can be changed without producing a significant change in the shape, size, or contours
of the optical element itself. |
| | (2)
Note. Included here are devices in which an optical
parameter of the light control element is changed as a result of an
applied electrical or magnetic field, an applied acoustic
wave, a change in chemical structure, or by any
other mechanism which primarily alters the bulk optical parameters
rather than the physical shape, size, or contours
of an optical medium. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 577+, | for light control by light interference. |
| 738+, | for light controlling structure combined with a
lens. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclasses 48+ and 84+ for selective electrical control
of displays having light-controlling display elements. |
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators, appropriate subclasses for lasers including light
control means. |
|
| | |
| 242 | Display device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter wherein the temporal modulation is in an
information conveying element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclasses 1.1 through 3.4for visual display systems with selective electrical
control. |
|
| | |
| 243 | Bistable device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter wherein an optical device has two distinct, stable
output states which toggle between one another by a single application
of actinic radiation. |
| | |
| 244 | Opto-optical device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter wherein the temporal modulation is achieved
by an externally applied modulating light wave. |
| | |
| 245 | Electro-optic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein the optical properties (e.g., index
of refraction) of an optical element are changed in response
to an applied electrical signal. |
| | |
| 247 | Using reflective or cavity structure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter wherein the modulation is effected by structure
which redirects the entire beam or a part of the beam at an angle
equal to that of incidence, or wherein the medium through
which the beam passes is confined in a cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 302, | for reflecting structures used in beam deflection. |
|
| | |
| 248 | Semiconductor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter wherein barrier layer (i.e., semiconducting) material
is used in the modulating structure, generally, as
a variable reflector. |
| | |
| 249 | Compensation technique: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter wherein unwanted effects due to the action
of the medium or the field on the beam such as those due to temperature, birefringences, or
color are eliminated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 250, | for plural mediums in the beam path where the plural
mediums are not for the purpose of compensation. |
|
| | |
| 250 | Using plural mediums: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter wherein more than one medium or structure, each
of which modulates the beam, are provided.
| | (1)
Note. The mediums or structures in the beam path, layered
mediums transverse to the beam path or parallel paths, each containing
a medium where the output beam is the result of the combined action of
the medium or structure. Not all of the mediums need to
be field responsive. |
| | (2)
Note. Initial polarizers and final analyzers are
not considered part of the plural mediums where the only affect
is to select a polarization. Plural areas formed by a matrix
of electrodes whose sole function is to act on a portion of the beam
are not considered plural mediums. Nonbirefringent lenses
are also not considered a medium in the sense of the definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 249, | for plural mediums where the purpose of the mediums
is compensation. |
| 301+, | for plural mediums used to deflect the beam or a
portion of the beam. |
| 489.01, | through 489.15, for polarization achieved by plural birefringent
elements. |
|
| | |
| 252 | With particular medium or state of the medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter wherein the details of the medium structure, state
of the medium, shape of the medium, or treatment
of the medium are recited.
| | (1)
Note. For classification herein, there should
be more than just the recitation of the name or abbreviation of
the name of the material. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 251, | where details of the medium are combined with a
particular field direction. |
| 485.01, | through 489.15, for a particular medium used for reflectively or refractively
polarizing light. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes, for preparation or treatment of nonmetallic elements
involving only physical treatments. |
| 252, | Compositions, for compositions, per se. |
| 264, | Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, for melt shaping or treatment of nonmetallic materials. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for nonmetallic elements and for processes for producing
nonmetallic elements involving a chemical reaction. |
|
| | |
| 253 | Liquid medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter wherein the medium is in a nongaseous fluid
state.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 36+, | for similar structures using liquid crystals for
the medium. |
|
| | |
| 254 | With particular electrode structure or arrangement, or
medium mounting structure or arrangement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter wherein the physical structure, geometry
or arrangement of the electrodes is detailed or there is detailed
mounting structure for the medium (e.g., to
prevent physical distortion).
| | (1)
Note. Included here are structures which perform
auxiliary functions such as protection or index matching. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 251, | for the arrangement of the electrodes as related
to the medium for a particular direction of the field in combination
with details of the medium. |
| 253, | for those structures used with a liquid medium where
the structure is peculiar to the medium. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 310, | Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclasses 365+ for electrode arrangements with respect to a piezoelectric
element. |
|
| | |
| 255 | With particular field: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter wherein the field which modulates the medium
is of a specific magnitude, phase, or frequency
or is of a specific type (e.g., pulse).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 251, | for a field direction or polarization specified
in relation to the medium (e.g., crystal
cut). |
| 484.01, | through 484.1, for polarization by an applied magnetic field. |
|
| | |
| 256 | With birefringent element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter including an element having the property
of dividing a ray or beam of energy into two polarized rays or beams (known
as the ordinary and extraordinary rays), the directions of
polarization being at right angles to each other.
| | (1)
Note. A birefringent material which has been treated
with a dichroic dye to absorb the ordinary or extraordinary ray is
no longer considered to be birefrin-gent within the meaning
of this definition. A birefringent element in the form of
a Nicol prism, where the unwanted ray is deflected, is
classified here. | |
| | |
| 257 | Pockel’s cell: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter wherein the variation of a polarized light
characteristic is achieved by an element which advances or retards
the phase of an induced ordinary wave relative to the extraordinary
wave when the electrical signal is applied. |
| | |
| 258 | Kerr cell: |
| | Subject matter under 246 wherein the variation of a polarized
light characteristic is achieved by an element including a material (usually
liquid) whose refractive index change is proportional to
the square of the field of the applied electrical signal. |
| | |
| 259 | Plural modulation cells: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the temporal light modulator utilizes
multiple elemental units each of which is electro-optically
controlled. |
| | |
| 260 | Etalon structure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the modulating structure consists
of two parallel dielectric mirrors separated by an active electro-optic
material. |
| | |
| 262 | Excitation by electron beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein a collimated ray of electrons applied
to the modulator is used to vary a temporal characteristic of the
light passing therethrough. |
| | |
| 263 | By reflection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the electro-optic temporal
modulator includes a single internal redirection of the light passing
therethrough. |
| | |
| 264 | Pulse Modulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein a parameter of a train of optical
pulses is varied in accordance with the amplitude of the applied
signal.
| | (1)
Note. Pulse modulation may involve changes in pulse
amplitude (pam), pulse position (ppm), or
pulse duration (pdm). |
| | (2)
Note. Pulse modulation includes pulse-code
modulation wherein the light beam is transmitted as a digital binary
code. |
| | (3)
Note. This subclass will include a combination of
pulse modulation with amplitude, frequency, or
phase modulation. | |
| | |
| 265 | Electrochromic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the electrical signal applied to
the optical control element produces a color change in the element
resulting in a change in the absorption characteristics of the element
at a given wavelength of light.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclass 49 and 105 for selective electrical control of displays
having electrochromic display elements. |
| 349, | Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems, appropriate subclasses for liquid crystal light
modulators. |
|
| | |
| 267 | Reflection-type (e.g., display
device): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Subject matter wherein the modulator utilizes a surface
upon which light strikes and which is coated with a material that
simultaneously changes color with the applied electrical signal and
reflects a significant portion of incident light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 275, | for transmission-type (e.g., windows). |
|
| | |
| 270 | Particular electrolyte layer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter which recites details of an electrically
conductive liquid layer which transports ions between the electrochromic
material and the counter electrode. |
| | |
| 272 | Liquid cell: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter wherein the device comprises a cell containing
a substance which is in a state intermediate that of a solid and
a gas. |
| | |
| 274 | Diverse layer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter including a specified miscellaneous layer
within the reflection-type electrochromic device.
| | (1)
Note. This might include, for example, an
insulating layer. | |
| | |
| 275 | Transmission-type (e.g., windows): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Subject matter wherein the modulator utilizes a surface
upon which light strikes which is coated with a material that simultaneously changes
color with the applied electrical signal and transmits a significant
portion of incident light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 267, | for reflection-type (e.g., display device). |
|
| | |
| 276 | Amplitude modulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of a constant frequency
optical wave varies in synchronization with the amplitude of the
applied signal (i.e., modulating
signal).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 284, | for magneto-optic amplitude modulation. |
| 286, | for acousto-optic amplitude modulation. |
| 289, | for thermal-optic amplitude modulation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclasses 48+ and 84+ for selective electrical control
of displays having light-controlling display elements. |
|
| | |
| 277 | Within display element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter wherein the amplitude modulator is in an
information conveying element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclasses 1.1 through 3.4for visual display systems with selective electrical
control. |
|
| | |
| 278 | Frequency modulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the frequency of a constant amplitude
optical wave (i.e., carrier wave) varies
in synchronization with the amplitude of the applied signal (i.e., modulating
signal).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 287, | for acousto-optic frequency modulation. |
|
| | |
| 279 | Phase modulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the normal zero phase of a constant
amplitude optical wave (i.e., carrier
wave) is shifted by an angle proportional to the amplitude
of the applied signal (i.e., modulating
signal).
| | (1)
Note. A sinusoidal signal of zero phase will have
a zero amplitude at the intersection of the x-y axis. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 278, | for electro-optic frequency modulation. |
| 287, | for acousto-optic frequency modulation. |
|
| | |
| 280 | Magneto-optic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein a bulk optical parameter of an optical
element is controlled by a magnetic signal applied to the element. |
| | |
| 282 | Using layered structure or plural mediums: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter wherein the structure through which the beam
passes or is acted upon consists of more than one contiguous film
or layer which forms a composite structure which modulates the beam
or wherein there are plural mediums or structures in the beam path, each of
which modulates the beam.
| | (1)
Note. The composite structure can be dielectric
or reflective films or layers for the purposes such as compensation, increased
Kerr rotation or index (e.g., impedance) matching. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 250, | for plural mediums where at least one medium is
electric field responsive. |
| 254, | and 489.2, for layered structures where
the purpose of the layers is for such things as protection or index matching. |
| 485.03, | for layered structure or plural mediums formed for
polarization without modulation. |
| 487.01, | through 487.06, for layered structures formed with at least one
layer of dichroic material where additional layers may be provided
for purposes such as protection or particular bonding and for layered
structures formed for interference effects. |
| 489.15, | through 489.19, for plural mediums including a birefringent medium which
is not field responsive. |
|
| | |
| 283 | With particular direction of the field in relation to the
medium, beam direction or polarization: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter wherein details of the medium are given, especially
crystal cut or orientation, and the direction of the applied
field is specified in relation to the medium or in relation to the
incident beam direction or polarization.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 281, | for magnetic modulating structures using a particular
medium, state of the medium, particular electrode
structure or arrangement, medium mounting structure or
arrangement or with a particular field. |
|
| | |
| 284 | Amplitude modulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of a constant frequency
optical wave varies in synchronization with the amplitude of the
applied signal (i.e., modulating
signal).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 276, | for electro-optic amplitude modulation. |
| 286, | for acousto-optic amplitude modulation. |
| 289, | for thermal-optic amplitude modulation. |
|
| | |
| 285 | Acousto-optic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein an ultrasonic wave generated at the
surface or within the confines of the light control element sets
up conditions in the element which produce a change in the optical
parameters (e.g., refractive
index) directly controlling the light. |
| | |
| 286 | Amplitude modulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of a constant frequency
optical wave varies in synchronization with the amplitude of the
applied signal (i.e., modulating
signal).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 276+, | for electro-optic amplitude modulation. |
| 284, | for magneto-optic amplitude modulation. |
| 289, | for thermal-optic amplitude modulation. |
|
| | |
| 287 | Frequency modulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein the frequency of a constant amplitude
optical wave (i.e., carrier wave) varies
in synchronization with the amplitude of the applied signal (i.e., modulating
signal).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 278, | for electro-optic frequency modulation. |
|
| | |
| 288 | Thermo-optic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein optical properties (e.g., index
of refraction) of an optical element are changed by or
in response to applied heat. |
| | |
| 289 | Amplitude modulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of a constant frequency
optical wave varies in synchronization with the amplitude of the
applied signal (i.e., modulating
signal).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 276+, | for electro-optic amplitude modulation. |
| 284, | for magneto-optic amplitude modulation. |
| 286, | for acousto-optic amplitude modulation. |
|
| | |
| 290 | By changing physical characteristics (e.g., shape, size
or contours) of an optical element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter wherein the light property is controlled
by a substantial alteration in the optical characteristics of a
light control surface or interface or by changing the physical shape, position, or
orientation of a light control surface or interface in response
to the modulating signal.
| | (1)
Note. Any change in or to the light control surface
or interface occur wholly within the region of the light path in which
control is effected. The control surface or interface
is neither totally nor partially inserted into nor removed from the
light path. | |
| | |
| 291 | Shape or contour of light control surface altered: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Subject matter wherein the light property is controlled
by means of a light control surface which is temporarily altered
or modified in some way so as to produce distortions in the surface
contours which differ significantly from the normal or unmodified
surface contours. |
| | |
| 292 | Light control surface forms image on projected light beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter wherein the contours of a light control surface
are modified in accordance with a control signal so as to impart
image or picture information to the contour of the control surface
which is then transferred to a light beam projected on or through
the control surface. |
| | |
| 296 | Changing position or orientation of suspended particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Subject matter wherein the light control surface consists
of a group of elongated light absorbing or reflecting particles
suspended in a fluid media, which collectively change their
orientation within the light path in response to an applied signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 228, | for fluid light control elements. |
|
| | |
| 298 | Light wave directional modulation (e.g., deflection
or scanning is representative of the modulating signal): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the relative spatial orientation
of a light wave exiting a device is changed in accordance with a
varying signal of any energy form (i.e., modulating
signal) applied to the device.
| | (1)
Note. Optical directional modulation occuring exclusively
inside of a waveguide is classified in Class 385. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 238+, | for light wave temporal modulation outside of a
waveguide. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclasses 4+ for optical directional modulation within an optical
waveguide. |
|
| | |
| 299 | Opto-optical device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter wherein the directional modulation is achieved
by an externally applied modulating light wave. |
| | |
| 300 | Phase conjugate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter including the return of a light beam through
the media at precisely the same angles, distances, and
intensities as prior to a reflection. |
| | |
| 301 | Acting on polarized light: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter wherein the direction of a polarized light
beam is varied in accordance with a varying input signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 489.08, | through 489.13, for birefringent element beam deflection or splitting
for polarization without modulation or external input. |
|
| | |
| 302 | Using reflecting or cavity structure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter wherein the deflection is effected by structures
which redirect the entire beam or a part of the beam at an angle
equal to that of incidence or where the medium through which the
beam passes is confined in a cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 247, | for reflecting structures used in beam temporal
modulation. |
|
| | |
| 303 | Using more than one polarization (e.g., digital): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter wherein at least two distinct beams, corresponding
to two different polarizations, are obtained.
| | (1)
Note. The systems use a polarization modulation
element to switch the polarization of the incoming beam followed by
a birefringent polarization discriminator whereby two distinct beams
are obtained corresponding to the ordinary and extraordinary rays. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 302, | for reflecting structures where different polarizations
are used. |
|
| | |
| 304 | Using single polarization: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter wherein the beam is given an initial polarization
and then deflected or where only one polarization is allowed to
be deflected by blocking or removing any other polarization component. |
| | |
| 305 | Acousto-optic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter wherein directional modulation is achieved
by applying a modulating sound wave to a device through which a
light beam is traversing. |
| | |
| 306 | Correlation or convolution: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Subject matter wherein the correlation or convolution integral
of two optical waves is formed by an acousto-optical directional
modulator. |
| | |
| 308 | Filter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Subject matter wherein one frequency band present in an
incident light beam is suppressed by an acousto-optic deflection
technique. |
| | |
| 311 | Plural transducers on single cell: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Subject matter wherein the directional modulator consists
of a single element having multiple input devices each capable of
imposing a separate sound wave on the modulator. |
| | |
| 315 | Electro-optic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter wherein directional modulation is achieved
by applying a varying electrical signal to an element through which
a light beam is traversing. |
| | |
| 316 | Plural modulation cells: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter wherein the directional light modulator utilizes
multiple elemental units each of which is electro-optically
controlled. |
| | |
| 318 | By reflection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter wherein the electro-optic directional
modulator includes a single internal redirection of the light passing
therethrough. |
| | |
| 319 | Focusing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter wherein light beam focusing is achieved by
the application of the electrical signal to a device through which
the beam transits. |
| | |
| 320 | Switching: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter wherein a discrete change in the path of
a light beam is achieved by the application of the electrical signal
to a device through which the beam transits |
| | |
| 322 | Electro-optic crystal material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Subject matter wherein the material of the modulator is
particularly responsive to an applied electrical signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 245, | electro-optic light wave temporal modulation
for changing bulk optical parameter. |
|
| | |
| 323 | PLZT material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter wherein the material is a transparent lead-lanthanum
zir- conate titanate ceramic with optical qualities that
can be controlled by applying voltages to thin plates of the material. |
| | |
| 325 | OPTICAL DEMODULATOR: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an original modulating wave is recovered
from a previously modulated light wave.
| | (1)
Note. These devices may include a photodetector
as long as a modulating wave is isolated. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 189+, | for optical communication receivers which include
an optical demodulator. |
| 237+, | for an optical modulator, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 200+ for photocell circuits and systems which convert
light wave energy into electricity. |
| 329, | Demodulators, for electrical demodulators in general. |
|
| | |
| 326 | OPTICAL FREQUENCY CONVERTER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a nonlinear device alters the frequency
of an applied traversing optical electromagnetic wave.
| | (1)
Note. The frequencies here are quasi-optical (i.e., infrared
through ultraviolet). |
| | (2)
Note. Such optical frequency devices include second
harmonic generators and other types of frequency conversion devices
such as downshifters, oscillators, mixers, etc. |
| | (3)
Note. A detailed optical frequency converter, per
se, or such subject matter in combination with additional
waveguide structure is classified in this class (359). However, the
nominal recitation of any type of optical frequency converter together
with additional waveguide structure is classified in Class 385, where
such combination meets the class requirements. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 307, | Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 424 for a nonoptical parametric frequency converter. |
| 327, | Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems,
subclasses 113+ for miscellaneous frequency control. |
|
| | |
| 327 | Raman type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject matter wherein the nonlinear optical device involves
radiation-active materials in which many lines of frequency-shifted
radiation can be obtained in response to incident radiation.
| | (1)
Note. Raman radiation is a radiation produced in
response to incident radiation by a change in the rotational or vibrational
energy of scattering molecules. The resultant optical radiation
is often referred to as Stokes or antiStokes radiation dependent
upon its frequency relative to that of the incident light. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 334, | for a Raman optical amplifier. |
|
| | |
| 328 | Harmonic generator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject matter wherein a nonlinear optical device generates
a wave having a frequency which is an integral multiple of a fundamental input
wave frequency.
| | (1)
Note. A wave with twice the frequency of the fundamental
is called the second harmonic. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 240, | for light wave temporal modulation via a nonlinear
device. |
| 255, | for electro-optic polarization modulation
by a nonlinear device. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 307, | Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 424 for a nonoptical parametric frequency converter. |
| 327, | Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems,
subclasses 113+ for miscellaneous frequency control such as electrical wave
harmonic generation. |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclass 122 for optical fiber waveguide with cladding having
significant nonlinear property. |
|
| | |
| 329 | Third harmonic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter wherein the generated optical wave has a
frequency that is three times that of the fundamental input optical
wave. |
| | |
| 330 | Parametric oscillator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject matter wherein the frequency conversion of electromagnetic
radiation, in the near and the visible spectrum, is
based on the nonlinear dependence of polarizability on wave amplitude.
| | (1)
Note. A parametric oscillation is an oscillation
in which substantial power is applied at a frequency called the
pump frequency. Signal and idler waves, the sum
of whose frequencies equals the pump frequency, are generated
in an interaction resulting from some nonlinear effect in the optical
crystal. | |
| | |
| 331 | Optical laser acoustic delay line type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject matter wherein the output from a laser is mode-locked
and passed through an acoustic cell in which a radio frequency acoustic
wave has been generated; the laser beam is diffracted, and
one of the frequency shifted diffracted modes is heterodyned at
a detector with an unshifted mode to produce a time delayed radio
frequency output signal lower in frequency than the input signal. |
| | |
| 332 | Dielectric optical waveguide type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject matter wherein the depletion layer of a semiconductor
whose dielectric material exhibits nonlinear susceptibility is used
as an optical waveguide to achieve frequency translation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 374, | Thermal Measuring and Testing,
subclass 177 for an electrical thermometer having a ferroelectric
sensor. |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclasses 129+ for a planar optical waveguide. |
|
| | |
| 333 | OPTICAL AMPLIFIER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the amplifying device produces an
output light beam which is only changed to increase the magnitude
of a light beam applied as input.
| | (1)
Note. This amplification can be produced by applying
electrical energy to the device to first cause excitation to a higher
energy level via certain molecular, atomic, or
nuclear particles of a substance and later causing the high energy state
to be relaxed to a lower state to produce the emission of the particles. |
| | (2)
Note. This amplifcation is the optical or quasi-optical
wavelength range, which is generally in the range from
ultra-violet (100 Angstroms) to far infrared (10
million Angstroms) of the optical spectrum. See (1) Note
of subclass 350 for specific IR and UV wavelength units. |
| | (3)
Note. This subclass necessitates light input into
a medium prior to amplification. Production of a light
beam output without an input light beam is classified in Class 372. |
| | (4)
Note. This subclass includes details of an optical
amplifier wherein amplification is produced within the optical fiber by
the interaction of externally applied energy and a unique property
of the fiber (e.g., lazing material).
The mere nominal recitation of an optical amplifier in combination
with an optical waveguide structure is classified in Class 385. |
| | (5)
Note. Infrared to Ultraviolet light emitting junction
is classified in Class 357, subclass 17, unless
a cavity is set forth for Class 372 or amplification is set forth for
this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 109+, | for optical communication. |
| 237+, | for optical modulators external to an optical fiber. |
| 326+, | for optical frequency translators. |
| 341.1, | for details of an optical amplifier wherein amplification
is produced within the fiber optics, wherein the optical
fiber has some unique property (i.e., lasting
material), to produce the amplification when external
energy is applied. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 219, | Electric Heating,
subclasses 121.6+ for metal heating by arc using a laser. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 200+ for photocells, circuits and apparatus, and subclasses
552+ for solid state light emitting source which is detected
by a photocell. |
| 257, | Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State
Diodes),
subclasses 80 through 85for incoherent light emitting devices combined
with, or also constituting a light responsive device. |
| 313, | Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclass 371 for a cathode-ray tube with optics and
subclass 372 for a cathode-ray tube with light conducting
fiber or rod. |
| 342, | Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio
Navigation),
subclass 53 for the combination with an infrared device, and
subclass 54 for the combination with a laser. |
| 348, | Television,
subclass 217 and 300 for camera with image intensifier or amplifier, subclass
707 for television amplifier circuit and subclass 777 for cathode-ray
tube image source with intensifier. |
| 351, | Optics: Eye Examinating, Vision Testing, and
Correcting,
subclass 213 including light filter or absorber, subclass
214 including diaphragm or slit, and subclass 215 including
light polarizing. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 300+ for dispersed light spectroscopy. |
| 362, | Illumination,
subclass 32 for light fibers, rods or pipes, subclass
259 for laser type light source (or support therefor) and
modifier, and subclasses 317+ for light modifier. |
| 365, | Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclass 108 for liquid crystal memory and subclasses 120+ for
information masking using polarization, Bragg cells, diffraction, holograms
electron beams, etc. |
| 369, | Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 110.01 through 110.04where the information is stored or retrieved from
the medium by polarized radiant energy; subclass 116 where
the infor is stored or retrieved from the medium by light intensity
adjustment or maintenance; and subclass 117 where the information
is stored or retrieved from the medium by a movable shutter or light gate. |
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators, for lasers and optical oscillators wherein a light output
beam is generated without the application of a light input beam. |
| 376, | Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements,
subclass 103 for photon beam (e.g., laser) irradiation
nuclear fusion, subclass 104 for optics nuclear fusion, and
subclass 105 for particle beam irradiation (excluding photons) nuclear
fusion. |
| 377, | Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,
subclass 102 for bistable electro - optical devices. |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclasses 1+ for temporal optical modulation produced within
the fiber, and subclasses 4+ for directional modulation
produced within the fiber. Class 385 contains patents
claiming optical modulation within the fiber but optical amplification (333+) or
frequency translation (326+) within the
fiber are specifially excluded from Class 385, unless the
amplifier or frequency translator are only nominally set forth. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 163.1+ for processes of coating an optical polarizer, windshield, fiber, waveguide, rod, projection
screen, or retroreflector. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof,
subclass 363 for laser or radiation color imaging exposure other
than visible light and subclass 945 for laser beam cross-reference
art collection. |
|
| | |
| 334 | Raman or Brillouin process: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein the scattered light beam output from
a medium, resulting from either the Raman or Brillouin
effects, is amplified relative to the input to the medium.
| | (1)
Note. The Raman effect claimed specifically for
the optical amplification properties is classified in this subclass, whereas
the Raman effect claimed for the frequency translation by itself
or together with optical amplification is classified in subclass
327. |
| | (2)
Note. Stimulated Raman effect is the amplification
exhibiting the characteristic of stimulated emission of the small portion
of light that is scattered in random directions when a monochromatic light
beam of high intensity is transmitted through matter.
The characteristic of the small portion of light is related to the frequencies
of the matter. |
| | (3)
Note. The Raman effect results in the re-radiation
of light from a bombarded molecule, having a longer wavelength
than the original bombaring beam of coherent light. Part
of the energy of the coherent beam is distributed throughout the
molecule whereas the remaining energy is re-radiated.
This effect may be described as being feeble, instantaneous, independent
of absorption, independent of the wavelength of the exciting
radiation; and it results in the re-emission of
light generally having a wavelength longer than the existing one.
Although there is a difference in wavelengths or frequency between
the wavelengths of each re-emitted spectral line, or
Raman line, and the wavelength of the incident or exciting
radiation; the intensity of Raman increases as the fourth
power of the incident frequency except in the neighborhood of an
absorption band, where the scattering intensity increases
still more markedly. |
| | (4)
Note. Brillouin scattering is the nonlinear optical
phenomenon of the spontaneous scattering of light in a medium by
its interaction with sound waves passing through the medium |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 327, | for Raman type frequency translators. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclass 3 for Raman lasers without a light input beam. |
|
| | |
| 335 | Free electron: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein a beam of "free" and unbound
electrons of an atom or molecule are passed through an undulator (i.e., "wiggler"), which
creates a magnetic field of alternating polarity, to cause
the electrons to move along a helical path (i.e., "wiggle") for
the release of a high power light radiation (i.e., amplification of
the light input beam).
| | (1)
Note. The use of a free-electron laser
for light amplificatoin belongs in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclass 2 for free electron lasers and subclass 74 for electron
beam pumping without a light input beam. |
|
| | |
| 336 | Bistable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein a two level output is produced (i.e., an
amplified output or no output at all) dependent upon the
specific characteristic (e.g., amplitude
or frequency) of the input light beam that the amplifier
is designed to amplify.
| | (1)
Note. The specific type of amplifier (i.e., material
type, cavity structure, resonant cavity length, leachable
material, etc.) determines which input
signal characteristic will produce an amplified output.
All other inputs will result in a zero output. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 377, | Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,
subclass 102 using bistable electro-optical devices. |
|
| | |
| 337 | Correction of deleterious effects: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein an amplifier is corrected to overcome
actions that prohibit its proper operation.
| | (1)
Note. In order to overcome laser overheating, extraneous
gasses that prohibit population inversion, laser medium
losing energy that would deplete energy, an excess of power
density, etc., the correction is applied
to the optical amplifier itself. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclass 33 for particular operating compensation. |
|
| | |
| 337.1 | Spectral gain flattening or equalization: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Subject matter wherein the correction includes attenuating
the signal by nonsaturable absorption of at least part of the amplification
uniform over a range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
| | (1)
Note: Also referred to as gain tilt correction and
gain flattening. | |
| | |
| 337.11 | Feedback: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 337.1. Subject matter including a path that returns some output
back to the input of a circuit, wherein systems using this
path, optical or electrical, to effect increased
spectral uniformity, reduce or increase gain, etc.
| | (1)
Note. Controlling the frequency in a direction for
canceling an exciting voltage would be an example of a feedback circuit. | |
| | |
| 337.13 | Adjusting input signal power: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 337.11. Subject matter wherein the feedback circuit, for
the optical energies associated with amplified stimulated emission
light, compares a first and second wavelength, then
regulates the attenuation so that the optical energies are substantially
equal. |
| | |
| 337.21 | Grating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 337.2. Subject matter wherein the filter has a spatial intensity
pattern or photorefractive lattice. |
| | |
| 338 | Using phase conjugation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Subject matter wherein the light beam returns through the
medium at precisely the same angles, distances, and
intensities it was directed prior to the reflection.
| | (1)
Note. The medium causes the light to return to its
origin after reflection in precisely the same identical path it
took to reach the reflector. |
| | (2)
Note. See the January 1986 Scientific American article
on this subject matter. |
| | (3)
Note. This is often used to clear up poor images. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 300, | for phase conjugate light wave directional modulation (e.g., deflection
or scanning). |
|
| | |
| 339 | Using saturable or spatial filter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Subject matter wherein the correction is accomplished by
allowing light transmission through the filter of an input light
beam only after a particular amount of energy is either applied (saturable
filter) or a specific portion of the light beam is passed (spatial
filter).
| | (1)
Note. A saturable filber is opaque to a light beam
input until one of the atoms of its material is excited to a second energy
level as a result of striking photons. Upon reaching this
second energy level, the filter becomes "saturated" and thus
transparent to the input beam due to the equalization between the
original and second energy levels causing no net absorption of additional
photons as they strike the filter. |
| | (2)
Note. A spatial filter generally consists of either (a) an
emulsion mask having a clean annular region in an otherwise opaque
region or (b) a pinhole, placed at a
focal plane in a laser expander; to remove unwanted radiation
generally referred to as amplified spontaneous emission. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclass 11 for absorption filter Q-Switch and subclass
14 for mechanical spatial filter Q-Switch. |
|
| | |
| 340 | Mode locked: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein the energy content of each state (i.e., mode) of
an oscillating system (e.g., laser) is
internally modulated in a particular field pattern and is one of
the possible resonant frequencies of the system to selectively give
rise to energy bursts of high peak power and short duration which
can be in the picosecond domain.
| | (1)
Note. This laser, referred to as a mode-locked
laser could also be in a continuous wave mode or a pulsed mode. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclass 18 for mode locking particular beam control without
a light input beam. |
|
| | |
| 341.1 | Optical fiber: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein amplification is produced within
a glass or plastic filament by the interaction of externally applied
energy and a unique property of the filament (e.g., lasing material).
| | (1)
Note. The details of an optical amplifier within
an optical waveguide or combination with additional external waveguide structure
are classified in this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. Optical waveguides or fibers having the amplification
performed within the waveguide of the fiber are classified in this
subclass. |
| | (3)
Note. This class excludes patents claiming nominal
recitation of an amplifier or a frequency translator combined with optical
modulation within the fiber. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 332, | for optical waveguides which produce frequency translation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclasses 1 through 3for temporal modulation performed within the optical
waveguides and subclasses 4-10 for directional modulation
performed within the optical waveguide. |
|
| | |
| 341.4 | Feedback: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 341.1. Subject matter including a path that returns some output
back to the input of a circuit, wherein systems using this
path, optical or electrical, to effect increased
spectral uniformity, reduce or increase gain, etc. |
| | |
| 342 | Particular active medium (e.g., crystal, plasma, fluid, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein a specified type of active medium, which
uniquely causes the amplification of the light input, is
used to change the number of atoms or atomic system in a set of
energy levels as a result of the absorption of light incident on
the material of the medium.
| | (1)
Note. The examples of crystal, plasma, and
fluid define the physical state of the active medium. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 343, | for a glass (amorphous) medium. |
| 344, | for a semiconductor medium. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclasses 39+ for a particular active medium which is not used
for amplification of a light beam input. |
|
| | |
| 343 | Glass (amorphous): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Subject matter wherein the solid active medium does not
have a definite crystalline structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 342, | for crystal, plasma, fluid, etc., active medium. |
| 344, | for a semiconductor medium. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclass 40 for an amorphous (e.g., glass) active
medium which is not used to amplify a light beam input. |
|
| | |
| 344 | Semiconductor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Subject matter wherein the active medium is a solid or liquid
having a resistivity midway between that of an insulator and a metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 342, | for crystal, plasma, fluid, etc., active medium. |
| 343, | for a glass (amorphous) medium. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclasses 43.01+ for a semiconductor active medium which is not
used for amplification of a light beam input. |
|
| | |
| 345 | Particular pumping type (e.g., electrical, optical, nuclear, magnetic, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein a specified type of pumping is used
to change the number of atoms or atomic system in a set of energy
levels as a result of the absorption of light incident on the material.
| | (1)
Note. This pumping causes the atoms of a medium
to be raised from certain lower to certain higher energy levels, and
it may cause a population inversion between certain intermediate
levels in order to ultimately produce photons when the energy level
moves from higher to lower. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclasses 69+ for particular pumping type which is not used for
amplification of a light beam input. |
|
| | |
| 346 | Particular resonator cavity (e.g., scanning, confocal
or folded mirrors, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein the optical beam goes back and forth
within an optical cavity without any standing waves, similar
to an oscillating cavity, but resulting in the amplification
of the light input beam.
| | (1)
Note. This can be a mode-selecting high gain
optical structure in which the laser action takes place by the build-up
of electromagnetic field intensity upon multiple reflections. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclasses 92+ for laser particular resonant cavities which are
not used for amplification of a light beam input. |
|
| | |
| 347 | Multiple pass: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein the laser material does not have
to be continually pumped since the laser stays in a lasing state
for multiple traverses of light throughout the lasing medium to produce
amplified light beams that last longer than the period for the pumping
itself.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 350 for ring lasers with interfering different frequency
beams. |
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclass 94 for ring configuration folded resonant cavity. |
|
| | |
| 348 | Regenerative: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Subject matter wherein the lasing medium is pumped more
than once to amplify a single input pulse.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclasses 69+ for particular pumping. |
|
| | |
| 349 | Beam combination or separation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein a light beam is either combined with
another light beam or many light beams are created from a single
light beam in order to produce the desired amplification. |
| | |
| 350 | HAVING SIGNIFICANT INFRARED OR ULTRAVIOLET PROPERTY: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including structure which is specifically
adapted, as by structure or composition, to function
as an optical element in the infrared (IR) or
ultraviolet (UV) portion of the spectrum, or
wherein an optical element is constructed or composed to extend
its operation into the infrared or ultraviolet from the visible
portion of the spectrum.
| | (1)
Note. IR (0.7 micrometers to 1000 micrometers
wavelength) according to Van Nostrand’s Encyclopedia, 7th
Edition
Meters: 7 X 10-7
m to .001 m
Centimeters: 7 X 10-5 cm
to .1 cm
Millimeters: 7 X 10-4 mm
to 1 mm
Micrometers: .7 micrometers to 1000
micrometers
Nanometers: 700 nm to 106 nm
Angstroms: 7000 A to 107 A
UV (100 Angstroms to 4000 Angstroms wavelength) according
to Van Nostrand’s Encyclopedia, 7th Edition
Meters: 10-8 m
to 4 X 10-7 m
Centimeters: 10-6 cm
to 4 X 10-5 cm
Millimeters: 10-5 mm
to 4 X 10-4 mm
Micrometers: .01 micrometers to .4
micrometers
Nanometers: 10 nm to 400 nm
Angstroms: 100 A to 4000 A
Metric Conversion Units:
Centimeters = 10-2
meters
Millimeters = 10-3
meters
Micrometers = 10-6
meters
Nanometers = 10-9
meters
Angstroms = 10-10 meters |
| | (2)
Note. Holographic systems and modulators of Class
359 and fibers or waveguides of Class 385 that operate in the IR or
UV portion of the spectrum are excluded from this and the indented
subclasses. |
| | (3)
Note. This subclass and those indented thereunder
are limited to elements which operate as optical elements in the
infrared and ultraviolet portion of the spectrum but a detector
to convert IR/UV energy to visible light is classified
in Class 250. |
| | (4)
Note. "Heat Filters" are considered infrared
filters. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 358, | for IR or UV fluid filter or fluid mirror. |
| 634, | for wavelength selective beam splitting or combining
surface (e.g., dichroic mirror). |
| 859, | for concave and convex mirrors in series for successive
reflections in mirrors. |
| 885+, | for absorption filters. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 89, | Ordnance,
subclass 41.06 for light reception traning mechanism. |
| 165, | Heat Exchange,
subclasses 279+ for temperature or pressure automatic control (Thermal-IR). |
| 219, | Electric Heating,
subclass 203 for combined vehicle or vehicle component windshield
or window heating device. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclass 216 for optical or pre-optical photocell system, subclass
226 for color filter or spectroscope optical or pre-photocell system, subclasses
330+ for infrared-to-visible imaging, subclass
333 image tube type imaging wherein the output screen is used to
visualize an intensified image or the IR image is converted to electrical
signals to control the display device, subclass 336.1 for
IR energy responsive electric signalling, subclasses 338.1+ for
infrared responsive invisible radiant energy responsive electric
signalling, subclass 351 for periodic scanning of an IR
beam, subclass 365 for UV light source, subclass
372 for UV light responsive means, subclass 493.1
for radiant energy generation and sources, subclass 504
for ultraviolet or infrared source radiation modifying member, and
subclasses 505.1+ for radiation controlling elements
exclusive of infrared, visible and ultraviolet optical elements. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclass 587 for infrared light transmission modifying compositions, and
subclasses 588+ for ultraviolet transmission modifying compositions. |
| 283, | Printed Matter,
subclass 88 for IR filter with electromagnetic radiation having
revealable concealed information, fraud preventer or detector, use preventer
or detector, or identifier, subclass 89 for UV
filter with electromagnetic radiation having revealable concealed
information, fraud preventer or detector, use
preventer or detector, or identifier, and subclass
90 for polarized IR filter with electromagnetic radiation having
revealable concealed information, fraud preventer or detector, use
preventer or detector, or identifier. |
| 313, | Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclass 112 for polarizer or special ray transmission with
optical device or special ray transmission envelope. |
| 348, | Television,
subclasses 164+ for IR television. |
| 351, | Optics: Eye Examining, Vision
Testing and Correcting,
subclasses 44+ for antiglare or shading spectacles and eyeglasses, and
subclasses 159.6 for through 159.65 light filtering
opthalmic lens or blanks. |
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclass 202 for projection light sources with cooling means. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclass 55 for an image projector having a heat filter. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 51 for IR and UV. |
| 374, | Thermal Measuring and Testing,
subclass 124 for thermally emitted radiation with scanning or
temperature distribution display. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions,
subclasses 59+ for a sun or radiation screening or suntanning
composition intended for topical application to a living body. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclass 160 for a coating with X-ray, Ultrasonic, or Infrared
properties, subclasses 162+ for coating processes, per
se, wherein the product is an optical element. |
| 607, | Surgery: Light, Thermal, and
Electrical Application,
subclass 1 for light, thermal, and electrically
applied surgery. |
|
| | |
| 351 | Having folded optical path: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter including an element which modifies the path
of incident light so as to cause the light to repeatedly traverse
the same or overlapping volumes of space.
| | (1)
Note. The system generally includes plural reflectors
to sequentially reverse the direction of the optical axis. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 489.08, | through 489.13, for birefringent element beam deflection or splitting
for polarization without modulation or external input. |
|
| | |
| 352 | Having polarizing element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter having an element which restricts the direction
of vibration of radiant energy.
| | (1)
Note. The restriction may have a time variation. |
| | (2)
Note. The polarized radiant energy may be visible
light accompanying the infrared or ultraviolet radiation. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 359, | for an IR/UV multilayer filter or multilayer
reflector. |
| 360, | for an IR/UV multilayer filter or multilayer
reflector having a metal layer. |
| 372+, | for plural optical axis microscope. |
| 419+, | for plural optical axis telescope. |
| 483, | for a visible light polarizer absent any infrared
or ultraviolet characteristic. |
| 486, | for light polarization without modulation or external
energy by grid or dipoles. |
| 487, | for polarization without modulation by reflection
or refraction. |
| 490+, | for polarization without modulation by dichroic
medium, which transmits light of one color and reflects
light of the complementary color with little light absorbed. |
| 494+, | for polarization without modulation by a birefringent
element, which divides a ray or beam of energy into two
polarized rays or beams separated by 90 degrees (known
as ordinary and extraordinary). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 283, | Printed Matter,
subclass 88 for IR filter with electromagnetic radiation having
revealable concealed information, fraud preventer or detector, use preventer
or detector, or identifier. |
| 313, | Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclass 112 for polarizer or special ray transmission (e.g., filter) with
an electric discharge device. |
|
| | |
| 353 | Including alternative optical path or optical element (e.g., day-night, hi-low
magnification): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter which has an element allowing a variable
radiation path or which alternatively places an optical element
into or out of a fixed optical path, thereby producing
plural distinct radiation processing configurations.
| | (1)
Note. One or more configurations may be limited
to visible light. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 421, | for telescope compound lens selectable magnification. |
| 672+, | for lens with selective magnification by exchanging
or adding lens components. |
| 708, | for aspherical lens. |
| 744, | for afocal Galilean telescope lens. |
|
| | |
| 354 | Including continuously variable magnification or focal
length (zoom lens, adjustable lens): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter wherein the focal point or image magnification
of an imaging device or element is continuously or intermittantly
changed as desired.
| | (1)
Note. This includes various selected positions of
different optical elements to fit the user selected application. |
| | (2)
Note. This incudes IR/UV variable elements
adjacent to or part of the zoom lens. |
| | (3)
Note. This also includes FLIR (Forward Looking
Infrared systems). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 421, | for telescope selectable magnification in a compound
lens for the visible portion of the spectrum. |
| 422, | for telescope variable magnification in a compound
lens for the visible portion of the spectrum. |
| 676+, | for zoom lens in the visible portion of the spectrum. |
| 744, | for an afocal lens (e.g., Galilean
Telescope). |
|
| | |
| 355 | Lens, lens system or component: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter including a refractive imaging element or
a serially arranged group thereof having a significant property
in the infrared or ultraviolet area of the electromagnetic spectrum.
| | (1)
Note. Compound lens systems are a plurality of lenses
or lens groups arranged in series coaxially along an optical axis, such
lenses or lens groups being so spaced along the axis that the second focal
plane of the entrant lens of the series lies at or near the first
focal plane of the next succeeding lens or lens group of the series
whereby the light entrant lens is capable of producing from light rays
passing therethrough from an object external to the plurality of
lenses an image of that object, which image is viewed or
relayed by the said succeeding lens or lens group. |
| | (2)
Note. Lens systems designate either a single transparent
mass of refractive material having opposed refracting surfaces or
a plurality of such masses arranged in series along an optical axis with
their opposed refracting surfaces disposed transversely of such
axis, the said opposed surfaces being so shaped and spaced
that the mass or plurality of masses are capable of producing from light
rays passing therethrough from an object external to the mass or
masses a single image of that object, which image is also
external to the mass or masses of material. |
| | (3)
Note. The term "component" as
applied to a lens designates either a single transparent mass of
refractive material having two opposed refracting surfaces or a grouped
plurality of such masses arranged in series along the optical axis of
the lens with their adjacent refracting surfaces either in full
over-all contact or in spaced parallel relation with the
spacing being of such small magnitude that it does not enter into
the lens computations, the two refracting surfaces of the single
mass and the two axially extreme refracting surfaces of the plurality
of masses having at least a portion thereof axially air spaced from
all other adjacent refracting surfaces that may be present in the
lens. The axial dimension of the air spacing between either
the opposed surfaces of the single mass or the axially extreme surfaces
of the grouped plurality of masses and the other adjacent refracting
surfaces that may be present in the lens must be of sufficient magnitude
to enter into the lens computations in order to limit the axial
extent of the lens component. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 356, | for an infrared lens. |
| 357, | for an infrared lens having four or more components. |
| 642+, | for lenses in the visible portion of the spectrum. |
| 722+, | for lenses which are selective in the visible spectrum
by transmitting or blocking certain wavelengths. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclass 160 for a coating having X-ray, ultraviolet, or infrared
properties. |
|
| | |
| 356 | Infrared lens: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter having significant properties in the infrared
area of the electromagnetic spectrum. |
| | |
| 357 | Having four or more components: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 356. Subject matter which includes four or more components which
have significant properties in the infrared area of the electromagnetic spectrum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 754+, | for multiple component lenses, in general. |
|
| | |
| 358 | Fluid filter or fluid mirror: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter including filters or mirrors having a liquid
or gas which is specially adapted as by composition to transmit
or absorb infrared or ultraviolet radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 665+, | for fluid lenses. |
| 832, | for fluid filled prisms. |
| 845, | for fluid cooled mirrors. |
| 886, | for fluid absorption filters which operate in the
visible portion of the spectrum. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclass 226 for color filter or spectroscope optical or pre-photocell
system. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 582+ for light transmission modifying compositions and
subclass 588 for those compositions used for ultraviolet light transmission
modifying. |
|
| | |
| 359 | Multilayer filter or multilayer reflector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter having a substrate and one or more superimposed
coatings or laminae and which as a whole is designed to have significant
absorbent or redirective properties in the infrared or ultraviolet
portion of the spectrum.
| | (1)
Note. Interference filters wherein the multiple
reflected beams of various different frequencies will automatically interfere
with one another upon reflection are classified in this subclass
if significant IR/UV is specified. |
| | (2)
Note. Multi-layer absorption would not be
interference since waves are not produced which interfere with one
another. |
| | (3)
Note. Multi-layer absorbing elements are
classified in this subclass if significant IR/UV is specified. |
| | (4)
Note. Semiconductor elements are classified in this
subclass since they are not considered metals for subclass 360. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 580, | for light interference produced by coating or lamina. |
| 581, | for transmissive coating on interference lens. |
| 589, | for selective wavelength interference. |
| 590, | for selective wavelength interference with another
filter. |
| 839, | for mirrors with a transmissive property. |
| 884, | for mirrors with a selective absorption or transparent
overcoating. |
| 885+, | for absorptive filters. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 192.26+ for optical or photoactive specified deposition
material glow discharge sputter deposited coating. |
|
| | |
| 360 | Having metal layer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Subject matter wherein at least one coating or lamina or
the substrate is composed of a metal.
| | (1)
Note. Semiconductor elements are not considered
as metal and are included under subclass 359. |
| | (2)
Note. Only an elemental metal layer is classified
in this subclass. Metal alloys or compositions in a multilayer
structure are classified in subclass 359. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 722+, | for lenses with selective wavelength transmitting
or blocking. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclass 226 for color filter or spectroscope optical or pre-photocell
system. |
| 351, | Optics: Eye Examining, Vision
Testing and Correcting,
subclass 44 for sunglasses with antiglare or shading. |
| 607, | Surgery: Light, Thermal, and
Electrical Application,
subclass 95 for solar cabinets. |
|
| | |
| 362 | COMPOUND LENS SYSTEM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a plurality of image formers arranged
for forming a series of real images along the optical axis, at
least one of the real images being formed between two of the image
formers.
| | (1)
Note. The terminal image former may be an "eyepiece" designed
to form a real image only in combination with the human eye. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 642+, | for lenses suitable for use in compound lens systems
of this subclass type. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 42, | Firearms,
subclass 119 for compound lens systems. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 245+ for optical test instruments containing compound
lens systems. |
|
| | |
| 363 | With image recorder: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter including a device to record an image of
the object being directly viewed, the compound lens system
being primarily designed for direct viewing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 372+, | for a microscope with plural optical axes, one
axis of which may be directed to an image recorder. |
| 403+, | for a periscope with plural optical axes, one
axis of which may be directed to an image recorder. |
| 419+, | for a telescope with plural optical axes, one
axis of which may be directed to an image recorder. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 396, | Photography,
subclass 432 for significant camera structure combined with a
diverse compound lens system. |
|
| | |
| 364 | With curved reflective imaging element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter including a curved reflector which contributes
to the formation of at least one of the real images.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 727+, | for lenses that employ both refraction and reflection
in forming an image (catadioptric lenses). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 362, | Illumination,
subclasses 296.01 through 296.1for reflectors in illumination systems. |
|
| | |
| 365 | Two or more in a series: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter including a plurality of curved reflectors
contributing to the formation of one or more of the real images.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 858+, | for image forming reflectors having plural curved
surfaces in series. |
|
| | |
| 367 | Right angle inspector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter including a compound lens system with an
objective deflector to provide viewing at a right angle to the main
optical axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 434+, | for a relay system which may be used in a compound
lens system of the structure classified in this subclass (367). |
|
| | |
| 368 | Microscope: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter wherein the objective of the compound lens
system is designed to focus highly divergent light from an object
very close to the objective.
| | (1)
Note. Also illuminators, stages, slide carriers, and
transparent slides designed specifically for use with that type
of compound lens system are classified in subclasses indented under
this subclass (368). | |
| | |
| 369 | With viewed screen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Subject matter including structure for displaying a real
image on a viewed screen.
| | (1)
Note. The screen may be at an intermediate or terminal
image plane and may, for example, comprise a ground
glass screen, a front projection screen, a fiber optic
output face, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 400, | for a telescope with a viewed screen. |
| 443+, | for a viewing screen. |
| 505, | for an extended spacing structure for optical elements
including a screen. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 370.08+ for invisible radiant energy responsive signalling, including
imaging. |
| 313, | Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclasses 364+ for cathode-ray tubes and subclasses 523+ for
image intensifier tubes, etc. |
| 315, | Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 1+ for cathode-ray tube circuits, including image
intensifiers. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclasses 18, 47, 67, 72+, 74+, and
79+ for an image projection and viewing screen in combination. |
|
| | |
| 370 | Interference: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Subject matter wherein light from the object is combined
with light of different phase or diffraction characteristics either
from the object or bypassing the object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for interference microscopes having holographic
features or for making holograms. |
|
| | |
| 371 | Using polarized light: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 370. Subject matter wherein light with a particular polarization
characteristic is present.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 386, | for illuminators for microscopes other than interference
microscopes using polarized light. |
| 483.01, | through 494.01, for optics, systems, and elements
for polarization of light or using polarized light. |
|
| | |
| 372 | With plural optical axes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Subject matter wherein light from an object may follow any
of a plurality of substantially different optical axes through the
microscope.
| | (1)
Note. The different optical axes may be partly colinear
and may be used either simultaneously or alternately. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 363, | for a compound lens system with an image recorder. |
| 403+, | for a periscope with plural optical axes. |
| 419+, | for a telescope with plural optical axes. |
|
| | |
| 373 | Side-by-side fields: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter wherein at least two of the separate paths
provide different images which are adjacent in a common field of
view. |
| | |
| 374 | Plural oculars: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter wherein at least two of the separate paths
terminate in separate eyepieces. |
| | |
| 375 | Binocular: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter wherein at least two of the plural oculars
are separated at approximately the interocular distance to provide
simultaneous viewing by both eyes of one observer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 404, | for a binocular periscope. |
| 407, | for a binocular telescope. |
| 480+, | for a binocular viewing device in general. |
|
| | |
| 376 | Stereoscopic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Subject matter wherein at least two of the binocular eyepieces
provide stereoscopic viewing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 462+, | for steroscopic viewing systems. |
|
| | |
| 378 | For viewing stereo pairs: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Subject matter wherein separate objective channels view
different object fields, each field being filled by a separate
parallax object view for viewing.
| | (1)
Note. The devices of this subclass provide for two
separate fields. The stereoscopic property is related
to the objects being viewed taken from two slightly different directions
of a three-dimensional object. The views usually
comprise a pair of transparencies, each transparency being
a separate object view. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 466+, | for stereo-viewing devices. |
|
| | |
| 379 | Spacing of optical elements axially adjustable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Subject matter including means for varying the axial separation
of the optical elements, for example, for focusing
or varying magnification.
| | (1)
Note. Other subclasses in this class indented under
subclass 399, Telescope, and titled "Separation
of optical elements axially adjustable" or including the
word "focusing" may include subject matter related
to subject matter in this subclass (379). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 506, | for an adjustable extended spacing structure for
optical elements. |
|
| | |
| 380 | Variable magnification: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter wherein varying the axial separation varies
the size of an in focus terminal image while the object distance
remains constant.
| | (1)
Note. Other subclasses in this class indented under
subclass 407, Binocular, and titled "Spacing
of optical elements axially adjustable" may include subject matter
related to variable magnification. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 422, | for a telescope with variable magnification. |
| 432, | for variable magnification in nonmagnifying compound
lens systems. |
| 506, | for adjustable extended spacing structure for optical
elements. |
| 676+, | for a lens having its equivalent focal length variable
continuously between limits. |
|
| | |
| 382 | Entire microscope adjustable along optical axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Subject matter wherein the microscope translates along the
optical axis to vary the distance to an object plane.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 392, | for devices wherein the stage or slide carrier translates
along the optical axis. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 74, | Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 25+ for a mechanism converting rotary motion to or
from reciprocating or oscillatory motion. |
|
| | |
| 383 | Focus adjustment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Subject matter wherein the adjustment along the optical
axis effects the focus of the compound optical system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 410, | for binocular telesopes with adjustable focus. |
| 425+, | for telescopes with focusing. |
|
| | |
| 385 | Illuminator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Subject matter including (a) structure
for illuminating an object being viewed in combination with a microscope
or (b) object illuminating structure designed
specifically for use with a microscope.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 798+, | for lenses with viewed object or viewed field illumination. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 362, | Illumination,
subclasses 257+ and 317+ for an illuminator with a modifier
or a light modifier. |
|
| | |
| 386 | Using polarized light: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter wherein the illuminating structure provides
polarized light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 371, | for an interference microscope using polarized light. |
| 483.01, | through 494.01, for systems and elements for the polarization of
light without modulation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 362, | Illumination,
subclass 19 for an illuminator with a polarizer. |
|
| | |
| 388 | With optical switching means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter including means for changing optical elements
in the illuminating beam path to change the type of illumination.
| | (1)
Note. The optical elements may be movable in and
out of the illuminating beam path or the illuminating beam may be deflected
to pass through different optical elements. | |
| | |
| 390 | With illuminator support: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter including (a) means for
maintaining the illuminator in a fixed position or (b) means
for limiting the movement of the illuminator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 362, | Illumination,
subclasses 382+ for an illuminator with a support. |
|
| | |
| 391 | Stage or slide carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Subject matter including (a) structure
for supporting an object to be viewed or tools to be placed in the
field of view in combination with a microscope or (b) structure
for supporting an object or tools designed specifically for use with
a microscope.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 801, | and 804+, for lenses with a viewed object
support. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 248, | Supports, for supports generally. |
|
| | |
| 392 | Adjustable along optical axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Subject matter wherein the stage or slide carrier translates
along the optical axis to vary its distance from the microscope.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 382+, | for devices wherein the microscope translates along
the optical axis. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 74, | Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 25+ for a mechanism converting rotary motion to or
from reciprocating or oscillatory motion. |
| 108, | Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces,
subclasses 144.11+ for a vertically adjustable platform. |
|
| | |
| 393 | With plural transverse movements: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Subject matter wherein the stage or slide carrier is movable
in a plurality of directions perpendicular to the optical axis of
the microscope.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 74, | Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclass 471 for X-Y control devices. |
| 108, | Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces,
subclasses 137+ for a horizontally adjustable platform. |
|
| | |
| 394 | With turntable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Subject matter wherein the stage or slide carrier is rotatable
about the optical axis or an axis parallel to the optical axis of
the microscope. |
| | |
| 395 | With temperature control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Subject matter including means to vary or keep constant
the temperature at the location of the stage or slide carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 396, | for devices including a transparent slide which
may include temperature control means. |
|
| | |
| 396 | Transparent slide: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Subject matter including (a) a transparent mass, usually
a glass plate, for supporting an object to be viewed in
combination with a microscope or (b) a transparent
mass, usually a glass plate, designed specifically
for supporting an object to be viewed by a microscope.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 244+ for sample or specimen holders. |
|
| | |
| 398 | Specimen cavity or chamber: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Subject matter including a container for holding, isolating, or
limiting the flow of an object.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 246 for fluid sample containers. |
|
| | |
| 399 | Telescope: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter wherein the compound lens system is designed
for viewing distant objects. |
| | |
| 400 | With viewed screen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Subject matter including a semi-transparent or opaque
structure for displaying one of the series of real images.
| | (1)
Note. The screen may be at an interminate or terminal
image plane and may, for example, comprise a ground
glass screen, a front projection screen, a fiber optic
output face, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 369, | for a microscope with a viewed screen. |
| 443+, | for a viewing screen. |
| 505, | for an extended spacing structure for optical elements
including a screen. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclass 213 for circuits having image intensifier or nonvisible
to visible imaging vacuum tubes. |
| 313, | Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclass 524 for a telescope (or any optical system) combined
with an image intensifier. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclasses 18 , 47, 67, 72+, 74+, and
79+ for an image projector and viewing screen in combination. |
|
| | |
| 401 | With image anti-rotation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Subject matter wherein the telescope maintains an erect
terminal image as at least part of the telescope is turned to rotate
an intermediate image.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 554+, | for an image stabilization system including image
anti-rotation. |
|
| | |
| 402 | Periscope: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Subject matter wherein the entrance optical axis and the
exit optical axis of the telescope are parallel and offset and perpendicular
to the main axis of the telescope.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 401, | for a periscope with image anti-rotation. |
|
| | |
| 403 | With plural optical axes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter wherein light from an object may follow any
of a plurality of substantially different optical axes through the
periscope.
| | (1)
Note. The different optical axes may be partly colinear
and may be used either simultaneously or alternately. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 372+, | for a microscope with plural optical axes. |
| 419+, | for a telescope with plural optical axes. |
|
| | |
| 404 | Binocular: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein at least two of the substantially
different axes provide separate views to separate eyepieces for
binocular viewing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 375+, | for a binocular microscope. |
| 407+, | for a binocular telescope. |
| 480+, | for a binocular viewing device in general that does
not use a compound lens system. |
|
| | |
| 405 | With mechanical adjustment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter wherein all or a portion of the periscope
relative to another structure is moved.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 429+, | for a telescope with line of sight adjustment. |
|
| | |
| 406 | Extensible structure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter wherein the extension or elevation of the
periscope is changed, usually by the use of telescoping
structures. |
| | |
| 407 | Binocular: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Subject matter wherein at least two exit optical axes are
spaced at approximately the interocular distance to provide simultaneous
viewing by both eyes of one observer.
| | (1)
Note. This is the type of device used by fans at
a ball game to see distant players. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 375+, | for a binocular microscope. |
| 404, | for a binocular periscope. |
| 480+, | for a binocular viewing device in general that does
not use a compound lens system. |
|
| | |
| 408 | Foldable or collapsible: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter wherein the binocular telescope is hinged
or provided with telescoping or bellows sections to provide a more
compact unit when not in use or prior to assembly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 474, | for a collapsible stereoscope. |
| 817, | for a lens with a foldable or collapsible support. |
|
| | |
| 409 | Body supported or with handle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter wherein the binocular telescopes are combined
with (a) an elongated structure for providing
a handhold or (b) a structure for engaging a portion
of the body or apparel for support. |
| | |
| 410 | With focusing means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter wherein the supported binocular telescope
includes means for bringing an object at varying distances into
focus.
| | (1)
Note. Other subclasses in this class indented under
subclass 412 with adjustable interocular distance and titled "Spacing
of optical elements axially adjustable" may include subject
matter related to focusing. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 379+, | for a microscope with the spacing of optical elements
axially adjustable. |
| 425+, | for a telescope with focusing or relatively sliding
barrels. |
| 506, | for an adjustable extended spacing structure for
optical elements. |
|
| | |
| 414 | Spacing of optical elements axially adjustable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter wherein the axial separation of optical elements, usually
lenses, prisms, or mirrors, may be varied, usually
for focusing or varying magnification.
| | (1)
Note. Other subclasses in this class indented under
subclass 362, Compound lens system, and titled "Separation
of elements axially adjustable", "Variable magnification" or
including the word "focusing" may include subject
matter related to subject matter in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 506, | for an adjustable extended spacing structure for
optical elements. |
|
| | |
| 416 | Spacing of optical elements axially adjustable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter wherein the axial separation of optical elements, usually
lenses, prisms, or mirrors, may be varied, usually
for focusing or varying magnification.
| | (1)
Note. Other subclasses in this class indented under
subclass 362, Compound lens system, and titled "Separation
of optical elements axially adjustable", "Variable
magnification" or including the word "focusing" may
include subject matter related to subject matter in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 506, | for an adjustable extended spacing structure for
optical elements. |
|
| | |
| 417 | Spacing of optical elements axially adjustable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Subject matter wherein the axial separation of optical elements, usually
lenses, prisms, or mirrors, may be varied, usually
for focusing or varying magnification.
| | (1)
Note. Other subclasses in this class indented under
subclass 362, Compound lens system, and titled "Separation
of optical elements axially adjustable", "Variable
magnification", or including the word "focusing" may
include subject matter related to subject matter in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 506, | for an adjustable extended spacing structure for
optical elements. |
|
| | |
| 418 | Spacing of optical elements axially adjustable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter wherein the axial separation of optical elements, usually
lenses, prisms, or mirrors, may be varied, usually
for focusing or varying magnification.
| | (1)
Note. Other subclasses in this class indented under
subclass 362, Compound lens system, and titled "Separation
of optical elements axially adjustable", "Variable
magnification" or including the word "focusing" may
include subject matter related to subject matter in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 506, | for an adjustable extended spacing structure for
optical elements. |
|
| | |
| 419 | With plural optical axes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Subject matter wherein light from an object may follow any
of a plurality of substantially different paths through the telescope.
| | (1)
Note. The different optical axes may be partly colinear
and may be used either simultaneously or alternately. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 372, | for a microscope with plural optical axes. |
| 403, | for a periscope with plural optical axes. |
|
| | |
| 421 | Selectable magnification: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Subject matter wherein the telescope includes means for
step variations of the image size while the object distance remains
constant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 381, | for a microscope with an imaging element movable
in and out of the optical axis. |
|
| | |
| 422 | Variable magnification: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Subject matter wherein the telescope continuously varies
the size of the image while the object distance remains constant.
| | (1)
Note. Other subclasses in this class indented under
subclass 407, Binocular, and titled "Separation
of optical elements axially adjustable" may include subject
matter related to variable magnification. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 380, | for a microscope with variable magnification. |
| 432, | for a compound lens system with variable magnification. |
| 506, | for adjustable extended spacing structure for optical
elements. |
| 676+, | for a lens having its equivalent focal length variable
continously between limits. |
|
| | |
| 423 | With relay: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Subject matter wherein the telescope includes at least one
lens system which forms a real image of a real image.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 402+, | for a periscope including a relay. |
| 422, | for a variable magnification telescope including
a relay. |
| 434, | for a compound lens system with a relay. |
|
| | |
| 424 | With reticle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter wherein a cross-hair or emblem is
present at a real image plane of the telescope.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 422, | for a variable magnification telescope including
a relay and a reticle. |
| 427, | for focusing or relatively sliding barrels with
a reticle. |
| 428, | for a telescope with a reticle. |
| 505, | for an extended spacing structure for optical elements
with a reticle. |
|
| | |
| 425 | Focusing or relatively sliding barrels: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Subject matter wherein the telescope includes (a) a
device for forming an in focus image of an object of varying distances
or (b) tubes supporting optical elements movable
axially into and out of one another.
| | (1)
Note. Other subclasses in this class indented under
subclass 362, Compound lens system, and titled "Separation
of optical elements axially adjustable" may include subject
matter related to subject matter in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 410, | for a binocular telescope that is body supported
or with a handle and includes focusing means. |
| 506, | for an adjustable extended spacing structure for
optical elements. |
|
| | |
| 426 | Internal focusing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Subject matter wherein the entrance and exit lenses remain
a fixed distance apart while the telescope is focused. |
| | |
| 427 | With reticle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Subject matter wherein a cross-hair or emblem is
present at a real image plane of the telescope.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 422, | for a variable magnification telescope including
a relay and a reticle. |
| 424, | for a telescope with a relay and a reticle. |
| 428, | for a telescope with a reticle. |
| 505, | for an extended spacing structure for optical elements
with a reticle. |
|
| | |
| 428 | With reticle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Subject matter wherein a cross-hair or emblem is
present at a real image plane of the telescope.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 422, | for a variable magnification telescope including
a relay and a reticle. |
| 424, | for a telescope with a relay and a reticle. |
| 427, | for a telescope with focusing or relatively sliding
barrels and with a reticle. |
| 505, | for an extended spacing structure for optical elements
with a reticle. |
|
| | |
| 429 | With line of sight adjustment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Subject matter wherein the telescope includes adjusting
the direction of view and maintaining the adjustment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 401, | for a telescope with image anti-rotation. |
| 405, | for a periscope with mechanical adjustment. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 248, | Supports,
subclasses 127+ for stands in general. |
|
| | |
| 430 | Equatorial mount: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Subject matter wherein the telescope includes structure
to establish an axis (polar axis) parallel to
the earth’s rotational axis about which the telescope viewing
axis rotates (right ascension) at a selected angle (declination) between
the polar axis and the viewing axis. |
| | |
| 431 | With prism or U-shaped optical path: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Subject matter wherein the telescope includes two right
angle deflections in series to reverse the optical path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 413, | for adjustable binoculars including a prism or a
U-shaped optical path. |
|
| | |
| 432 | Variable magnification: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter wherein the compound lens system continuously
varies the size of a terminal image while the object distance remains
constant.
| | (1)
Note. Other subclasses in this class indented under
subclass 407, Binocular, and titled "Spacing
of optical elements axially adjustable" may include subject matter
related to variable magnification. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 380, | for variable magnification in microscopes. |
| 422, | for variable magnification in telescopes. |
|
| | |
| 433 | With tilted lens or tilted image plane: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter wherein the compound lens system includes (a) at
least one lens whose optical axis is oblique to the optical axis
of the system or (b) is designed to produce at
least one image plane tilted with respect to the optical axis of the
system. |
| | |
| 434 | With relay: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter wherein the compound lens system includes
at least one lens system that forms a real image of a real image.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 423+, | for a telescope with a relay. |
|
| | |
| 435 | Repetitious lens structure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter wherein the compound lens system includes (a) a
plurality of identical relays in series or side by side or (b) at
least one relay comprised of identical elements or elements symmetrically
reversed about a center point. |
| | |
| 436 | SCALE OR INDICIA READING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including optical structure for facilitating
the reading of a scale, with or without a pointer or indicator, having
spaced lines or other indicia thereon; or for facilitating reading
a vernier type indicator where lines from two different scales are
matched.
| | (1)
Note. The scale may be on a weighing instrument, slide
rule, compass or speed indicator, etc.; and
classification is here unless sufficient scale supporting structure
is recited to classify with the particular art such as Class 33, Geometrical Instruments; Class
73, Measuring and Testing; Class 177, Weighing
Scales; and Class 235, Registers. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 116, | Signals and Indicators,
subclasses 327+ for signal pointers and indicating arms. |
| 177, | Weighing Scales,
subclass 234 for self-positioning scales with magnified indication
of spring deformation. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 242.1 for thread counters and similar subject matter
where a relationship between the counter and the fabric is recited
such as a viewing aperture or support for the counter on the fabric
or a fabric support, subclasses 247+ for optical
reticles and crosshairs and subclasses 373 and 397 for distance
measuring devices which have a scale or optical grid displaced relative
to a remote fiducial mark. |
| 362, | Illumination,
subclasses 23+ for dial illuminators. |
|
| | |
| 437 | Polarizer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Subject matter including a polarizing element.
| | (1)
Note. A polarizing element causes incident light
polarization as defined in the class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 483.01, | through 494.01, for specific polarizing elements in polarization
without modulation. |
|
| | |
| 438 | Prism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Subject matter including a prism which may reflect or refract
light for better viewing the scale or indicia.
| | (1)
Note. See subclass 831 for the definition of a prism. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 831+, | for specific prism elements. |
|
| | |
| 439 | Mirror: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Subject matter including a mirror to reflect light from
the scale or indicia to the viewer.
| | (1)
Note. See subclass 838 for the definition of a mirror. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 838+, | for mirrors, per se. |
|
| | |
| 440 | Lens: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Subject matter including a lens.
| | (1)
Note. See subclass 642 for the definition of a lens. |
| | (2)
Note. The lens is usually employed to magnify the
image of the scale markings or indicia. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 806, | for optical reading devices including line markers. |
| 809+, | for lenses combined with diverse type art devices
in general. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclass 327 for a reflector or magnifier used for sighting
in a liquid level or depth gauge. |
|
| | |
| 441 | Movable or adjustable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter including means for adjusting or moving the
lens with respect to the scale or indicia as for positioning or
focusing the lens.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
|
| | |
| 442 | Along scale or indicia: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Subject matter including means to guide a lens along the
reading direction of a linear scale or indicia.
| | (1)
Note. The lens may be movable along a nonlinear (e.g., circular) scale
as well as a linear scale and the structure must be included which
constricts or guides the movement of the lens along the scale or indicia. |
| | (2)
Note. An actuator, per se, is
not classified in this subclass. | |
| | |
| 443 | PROJECTION SCREEN: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a sheet or other extending surface
or area which is especially adapted to render an image of an object
which is projected thereon visible to an observer, usually
by diffusing the projected light.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass and those indented thereunder
in this class (359) include screens where the
size, shape, or refractive index of embedded particles
is claimed or screens with elements having geometric curves, with
relative refractive indices or parts with claimed patterns, with
wave plates, acoustical characteristics or other optical
criterion. Such criterion must be more than mere "light diffusing
particles" or a "light diffusing surface" to
classify a patent in Class 359 as opposed to Class 139 or Class
428. See Class 427, appropriate subclasses for methods
of making screens by coating. |
| | (2)
Note. The screen may be merely tracing paper or
a canvas as in indented subclass 447. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 350+, | for a viewing screen having infrared or ultraviolet
characteristics. |
| 900, | for miscellaneous methods of making screens not
classified in Class 427, Coating Processes, or
Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical
Manufacture, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 139, | Textiles: Weaving,
subclasses 383+ for light diffusing woven screens. |
| 160, | Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or
Panel, especially
subclasses 19+ and 371+ for framed screens without optical
details other than merely "translucent" or something similar. |
| 248, | Supports, especially
subclasses 158+ for screen supports. |
| 264, | Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 1.1+ for processes directed to forming optical articles
capable of producing an optical effect other than mere transparency
or planar reflection. |
| 312, | Supports: Cabinet Structure,
subclasses 21+ for screens supported in a cabinet. |
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclass 61 for a motion picture projector combined with a
screen. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclasses 18 , 47, 67, 72+, 74+, and
79+ for cabinet which encloses projector and one side of
screen or structurally related projector and screen. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 162+ for coating processes, per se, wherein the
product is an optical element. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, especially
subclasses 143+ for embedded light diffusing particles or for light
diffusing stock material in the form of a single or plural layer web
or stock material which may be useful for projection purposes. |
|
| | |
| 444 | With sound producer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter including a loudspeaker or other sound producing
means combined with the screen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclass 36 for motion picture devices combined with screens
and sound producers. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclass 18 for an image projector in combination with a sound
producer. |
| 381, | Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 150+ for electrical loudspeakers, per se. |
|
| | |
| 445 | Acoustical: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter wherein the screen is especially adapted
to transmit or damp sound waves.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 444, | for acoustical screens combined with means to produce
sound. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 181, | Acoustics,
subclasses 175+ for mufflers and sound filters. |
|
| | |
| 446 | Moving during projection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter including means to rotate or oscillate the
screen, usually for the purpose of improving the image
seen by viewers or for imparting a three dimensional effect.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 520+, | for vibrating, oscillating, or
rotating signal reflectors. |
|
| | |
| 447 | Tracing (e.g., camera
lucida, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter wherein the screen upon which an image is
formed is adapted to have an outline of the image traced or sketched
thereon.
| | (1)
Note. The instrument, commonly referred
to as a camera lucida, usually includes a prism or mirrors
and sometimes a lens to cause a virtual image of an object to appear
as if projected upon a plane surface so that an outline may be traced. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 369, | and 400, for a compound lens system combined
with a viewing screen. |
| 448, | for a lens combined with a viewing screen. |
| 449, | for a reflector combined with a viewing screen. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclass 44 and 45 for an image projector having a concentrated
source of light to project an image for the purpose of tracing it. |
|
| | |
| 448 | With lens (e.g., camera
obscura, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter including a lens combined with the screen, the
screen usually being positioned in the second principle focal plane
of the lens.
| | (1)
Note. The device, commonly known as a camera
obscura, usually has a darkened chamber with a lens at
the entrance thereof to permit light from external objects to enter
and to form an image of the objects on a screen in the chamber. |
| | (2)
Note. The combinations classified here are often
constructed to function normally only when the light rays approaching
the entrant lens from the object are substantially parallel, under
which conditions the image produced by the device is always greatly
reduced relative to the size of the object. The lens and
screen combinations classified in Class 353, Optics:
Image Projectors, differ from those classified here in
that they are constructed to operate normally only when the light
rays approaching the entrant lens from the object are of the widely diverging
type, that is, when the object is near the first
principal focal plane of the entrant lens, under which
conditions the image produced by the device is enlarged relative
to the size of the object, a condition that usually necessitates
the use of intense artificial object illumination to provide an
adequately illuminated image. Moreover, the lens
and screen combinations of Class 353, Optics: Image
Projectors, always have their object and screen in the
conjugate focal planes of the projection lens employed with the
screen spaced more distant from the lens than the object, while
the lens and screen combinations of this subclass 448 have their
object and screen substantially at infinity and at the principal
focal plane of the lens respectively. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 369, | and 400, for a compound lens system combined
with a viewing screen. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclasses 18 , 47, 67, 72+, 74+, and
79+ for an image projector having a light source or means
to concentrate solar light and including a lens and screen combination.
See (2) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 449 | With reflector or additional screen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter including another screen or a reflector which
usually is between the first screen and a projector.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 447, | for camera lucidas which include reflectors. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclasses 67 , 73, 77, and 78 for
an image projector having a screen and a reflector. |
|
| | |
| 450 | Border, mask, shade, or curtain: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter including means connected to the screen to
shield or shade the screen or to modify the contrast between the
screen and the surrounding area.
| | (1)
Note. For the purpose of this subclass, drapes, hoods, and
covers are considered to be curtains. | |
| | |
| 451 | Curved: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter wherein the surface of the screen is articulated
rather than flat.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass the overall shape or surface
of the screen is curved but subclasses 455 and 459 have curved individual
elements but the overall surface of the screen is generally flat. | |
| | |
| 452 | Embedded particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter including a mass or sheet of material (e.g., resin, etc.) with
particles partially or fully embedded therein to affect the light
transmission or reflection characteristics of the screen, the
particles having characteristics such as a particular geometric
shape, size, or refractive index.
| | (1)
Note. The screens in Class 428, Stock Material
or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 143+ may
include particles claimed as light diffusing or as causing translucency.
However, if the particles are claimed as having certain
refractive index, size or shape, or an index
or size relative to the remainder of the screen material, the
patent is classified here in subclass 452. Further, if
a geometric configuration is formed by the particles in the screen
the patent is also classified here in subclass 452. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 162+ for coating processes, per se, wherein the
product is an optical element. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 143+ for a stock material product containing embedded
particles which diffuse light, and see (1) Note
above. |
|
| | |
| 455 | Lenticular: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Subject matter wherein at least some of the plurality of
refracting elements have spherical or cylindrical curvature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 542, | for signal reflectors with plural refracting elements
formed as a unitary mass. |
| 619+, | for surfaces composed of lenticular elements. |
|
| | |
| 457 | With Fresnel lens: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Subject matter wherein the lenticulated rear projection
screen includes a Fresnel lens or a lens resembling a plano-convex
or plano-concave lens that is cut into narrow rings and
flattened out.
| | (1)
Note. See subclass 742 for the definition of Fresnel
type lens. | |
| | |
| 458 | Stereoscopic imaging or three dimensional imaging: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Subject matter wherein a lenticulated refractive screen
is placed between a picture and a viewer eye to provide an illusion
of relief or an illusory three dimension picture of a single perspective.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 462+, | for stereoscopic device that may include a nominal
recitation of a projection screen. |
| 478, | for relief illusion. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclasses 57+ for stereoscopic camera or projectors and subclasses
85+ for special effects, particularly subclass
86 for devices creating an illusion of three dimensional viewing
without employing separate left and right images. |
|
| | |
| 459 | Unitary sheet comprising plural reflecting areas: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter wherein a plurality of discrete reflecting
elements are part of a unitary plate or sheet, the reflecting
elements redirecting the impinging light in different directions.
| | (1)
Note. The discrete elements are usually angularly
related or curved. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 530, | for a unitary sheet comprising a plurality of cube
corner or triple reflectors. |
| 546, | for discrete reflecting elements formed as a unitary
mass. |
| 619+, | for surfaces composed of lenticular elements. |
|
| | |
| 461 | Roll up screen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter wherein the screen is flexible and can be
wound around a roller for easy storage or for portability. |
| | |
| 462 | STEREOSCOPIC: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising (1) a separate optical
system for each eye of one person, which are looking at
a common object, for producing separate visual records
containing information from the two different points of view relative
to that object, or (2) the stereoscopic
record itself, or (3) the devices for
viewing such records.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass takes optical systems of stereo
projectors and cameras which are not sufficient to constitute a complete
projector or camera. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 478, | for devices giving an illusion of relief but where
information is obtained only from a single point of view. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 33, | Geometrical Instruments,
subclass 1 for measuring stereoscopes and subclass 20.4
for plotting stereoscopes combined with a stylus. |
| 40, | Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,
subclass 1 for exhibitors in general, and subclasses
361+ for nonstereo transparent film viewers. |
| 348, | Television,
subclasses 42+ for stereoscopic television systems. |
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclasses 57+ for stereoscopic motion picture cameras. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclasses 7+ for attachments which convert a conventional projector
to a stereoscopic image projector. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 12+ for base line type range or height finders which
include stereoscopic viewers and subclass 390 for mensuration or
configuration comparison devices which may involve stereo-viewers. |
| 378, | X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,
subclasses 41+ for a stereoscopic X-ray or gamma ray
system. |
| 396, | Photography,
subclasses 324+ for stereoscopic camera. |
|
| | |
| 463 | Having record with lenticular surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Subject matter comprising a record with a plurality of reflecting
or transmitting elements, each having a curved or figured
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 455+, | for lenticular projection screens. |
| 619+, | for surfaces composed of lenticular elements. |
| 642+, | for lenses generally. |
| 727, | for lenses having concave and/or convex
reflecting surfaces with coatings. |
|
| | |
| 464 | With right and left channel discriminator (e.g., polarized
or colored light): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Subject matter associated with stereo systems wherein by
appropriate viewing devices (e.g., colored
or polarizing spectacles), light rays representing
the right and left stereoscopic channels and having different optical
properties (e.g., color, direction
of polarization), in accordance with the channel
they represent, will affect only the eye appropriate to
a given channel.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes for example, (1) apparatus
for forming superimposed images from light rays having different
optical properties, (2) the record containing
right and left stereo images characterized by having different optical
properties, or (3) the viewing devices
for discriminating between the light rays from the right and left
images. | |
| | |
| 465 | Using polarized light: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter wherein the particles of the light vibrate
perpendicular to the direction of travel and these vibrations are
either in straight lines, circles, or ellipses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 483.01, | through 494.01, for optics, systems, and elements
for polarization of light or using polarized light. |
|
| | |
| 466 | Stereo-viewers: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Subject matter comprising either (1) viewing devices
which are used to aid the observer in fusing adjacently mounted
right and left stereoscopic pictures or (2) the
adjacently mounted right and left stereoscopic pictures themselves.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 804+, | for nonstereo viewers with a significant lens system. |
|
| | |
| 467 | View changers: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter including means to facilitate changing from
one stereoscopic slide or picture to another.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 40, | Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,
subclasses 446+ for changeable exhibitors in general. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclass 92 and 103+ for a slide changer for an image
projector. |
|
| | |
| 469 | Using film-strips: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 468. Subject matter wherein a carrier is formed as a tape or
strip with individual elements of a motion picture sequence uniformly
spaced along the strip.
| | (1)
Note. Film strips may include moving film, film-roll
band, ribbon of film, film tape, or film
spools. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclass 37 for strip type films with a sound record, subclass
56 for methods of working or making a film strip, subclass
59 for stereoscopic apparatus involving plural film strips, subclasses
166+ for drive mechanisms for film strips, and
subclasses 232+ for motion picture carriers. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclass 120 for picture carriers for still projectors. |
|
| | |
| 470 | Compensates for camera position (e.g., plotting
or mapping type): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter wherein compensation is made for the orientation
or position of the recording device or devices which produced the
stereo pictures.
| | (1)
Note. This subject matter generally involves stereoscopes
for plotting, mapping, or measuring where the
raw data must be adjusted to compensate for such things as parallax, different
image size, skew, or tilt, etc., caused
by a particular camera orientation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 33, | Geometrical Instruments,
subclass 1 for similar subject matter combined with measuring
means and subclass 20.4 for similar subject matter combined
with scribing means. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 200+ for similar devices employing photocells. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclass 6 for an image projector for stereoscopic mapping
or for rectifying an aerial photograph. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 2 for contour plotting devices which may involve
stereo-viewers. |
|
| | |
| 474 | Collapsible: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter wherein the stereoscope after use can be
folded, collapsed, or dismantled to form a more
compact package or wherein the stereoscope, prior to use, is
folded, collapsed, or dismantled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 817, | for lenses with foldable or collapsible supports. |
|
| | |
| 475 | Having Illumination: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter including means to illuminate or improve
the illumination of the stereo picture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 798+, | for illuminating a viewer including a significant
lens system. |
|
| | |
| 477 | Supporting, mounting, enclosing, or
light shielding structure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter comprising supporting, mounting, enclosing
or light shielding structure for stereo viewer or its components.
| | (1)
Note. Examples of this subclass are stereoscopic
hoods, cases or handles. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 407+, | for compound lens binocular with supports or handles. |
| 811+, | for lenses with supports. |
|
| | |
| 478 | RELIEF ILLUSION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for giving a depth or relief effect comprising
a visual record which contains information of the object viewed
obtained from only one point of view.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 462+, | for stereoscopic devices where the visual record
contains information obtained from two different points of view. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 348, | Television,
subclass 44 for pseudo stereoscopic television. |
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclass 86 for a motion picture device for depth illusion. |
|
| | |
| 480 | BINOCULAR DEVICES: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising one separate optical element, aperture
or tube for each eye of the user or comprising a single optical
element used alternately by each eye.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 404, | for telescopic binocular having plural optical axes. |
| 407+, | for binocular type compound lens system. |
| 466+, | for stereoscopic viewing devices. |
| 618+, | for systems including a single optical channel which
merges to or from a plural optical channel, the plural channel
lacking the binocular use. |
|
| | |
| 481 | Binocular loupe type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter including a support shaped to position one
or more lenses before each eye so that the lenses move with the
head of the user.
| | (1)
Note. The support may be adapted to be attached
directly to either the head, e.g., a
head band, or spectacle frames. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 407+, | for binocular type compound lens systems. |
| 815, | for such structure which is body or apparel carried. |
| 816, | for monocular loupes. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 2, | Apparel,
subclasses 426+ for goggles. |
| 351, | Optics: Eye Examining, Vision
Testing and Correcting,
subclasses 41+ for spectacles and eyeglasses. See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, Lenses, in
the 351 Class Definition for the distinction between the vision
correcting structure of Class 351 and the magnifying structure of
Class 359. |
|
| | |
| 483.01 | POLARIZATION WITHOUT MODULATION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a polarization of an incident light
beam is produced or modified in a time invariant fashion as a result
of passing through an optical device.
| | (1)
Note. Where both a polarizing device and a composition
are claimed, the patent is classified here and cross-referenced
to class 252, subclass 585. |
| | (2)
Note. Where a method of making the polarizing device
is claimed as well as the polarizing device, the patent
is classified here and cross-referenced to any other class
providing for the method. |
| | (3)
Note. The nominal recitation of a polarizing area
in the form of a design, image, etc., or
specifics of a polarization element (e.g., polarization
light characteristics) is sufficient to include this subject matter
in these subclasses. However, the nominal recitation
of a polarization element in an optical system is not sufficient
to include the subject matter in these subclasses and should be
classified elsewhere where such combination meets the class requirements. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 204.3, | for polarized light to be deflected using moving
element. |
| 246, | through 258, for polarization with modulation by eletro-optic
devices with applied time variant electric signal. |
| 281, | through 289, for polarization with modulation by magneto-optic
devices with applied time variant magnetic signal. |
| 301, | for light wave directional control of polarized
light. |
| 352, | for a polarizing element having significant infrared
or ultraviolet properties. |
| 371, | and 386, for compound lens systems combined
with polarizers. |
| 437, | for polarizers used in a scale or indicia reading. |
| 465, | for polarizers used in stereoscopic systems. |
| 484.01, | for polarization using an applied external time-invariant
electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic signal. |
| 484.02, | through 484.1, for polarization requires magneto rotation. |
| 485.01, | through 485.07, for polarization by reflection or refraction. |
| 486.01, | through 486.03, for polarization direction or magnitude varied over surface
of the medium. |
| 487.01, | through 487.06, for polarization by dichroism. |
| 489.01, | through 489.2, for polarization by birefringence. |
| 601, | through 614, for optical structure in general used to reduce
unwanted light, not polarizing structure for reducing antiglare. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 40, | Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, particularly
subclasses 434 and 548 for illuminated signs utilizing polarizers. |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 30.1 and 32.1 for processes for forming polarizing
glass material. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 225 and 559.09 for a light polarizer and a
photocell and subclass 341.3 for invisible radiation energy
response methods including polarization means. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclass 585 for chemical compositions which produce polarized
light. |
| 264, | Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,
subclass 1.31 for light polarizing articles. |
| 313, | Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclass 112 for electric lamps and electronic tubes combined
with a polarizer. |
| 343, | Communications: Radio Wave Antennas,
subclass 756 for antennas with a polarization converter and
subclasses 909+ for radio wave polarizations, per se. |
| 348, | Television,
subclasses 57 and 58 for stereoscopic displays with polarization. |
| 349, | Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,
subclass 9 for projectors with liquid crystal cell which produces
S and P polarized light, subclass 80 for color polarizers
in a liquid crystal cell, subclass 87 for variable polarizers
in a liquid crystal cell, subclasses 96-103 for
liquid crystal cell structure with polarizing element, and subclass
194 for liquid crystal polarizer. |
| 351, | Optics: Eye Examining, Vision
Testing and Correcting,
subclasses 49 , 215, and 232 for light-polarizing devices
used in eye examining vision testing and correcting means. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclasses 8 and 20 for polarizers used with image projectors. |
| 355, | Photocopying,
subclass 71 for photocopy system having illumination system
with a polarizer. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 30 and 31 for gem or crystal examining using polarized
light; subclass 33 for material strain analysis with polarized
light, subclasses 322 and 327 for spectrometers which utilize
polarized light, subclasses 364-370 for polarized
light examination devices generally, and subclasses 453, 487
and 491 for interferometers with polarizing elements. |
| 362, | Illumination,
subclass 19 for illumination systems with a polarizing element. |
| 365, | Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclasses 121 and 122 for polarization techniques used in the storage
and retrieval of information. |
| 369, | Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 13.29 through 13.31for employing polarized light in a storage or
retrieval device and subclasses 110.01-110.04
and 112. 16-112.21 for polarizing
optical elements in an optical pick-up device. |
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclass 106 for a polarizer in a coherent light generator (i.e., laser). |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclass 11 for polarization devices without modulation and
including an optical waveguide. |
| 398, | Optical Communications,
subclass 65 for polarization in multiplexing optical communication
devices, subclass 152 for transmitter/receiver
systems that include polarization. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 163.1 through 163.4for coating processes, per se, where
the product is an optical element. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 1.31 for liquid-crystal layers including polarizer. |
| 472, | Amusement Devices,
subclasses 57 through 84for a theatrical stage device which may use a polarizer. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic,
subclasses 30 and 56 for polarizers with specified glass compositions. |
| 977, | Nanotechnology,
subclass 834 for nanomaterials having optical properties that
may include polarization. |
|
| | |
| 484.01 | Polarization using a time invariant electric, magnetic, or
electromagnetic field (e.g., electro-optical, magneto-optical): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 483.01. Subject matter wherein an electric, magnetic, or
electromagnetic field, which is unchanging in time, is
applied to the optical device to produce or alter the polarization.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 368 for polarimeters which include electro-optical
light rotation. |
| 365, | Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclasses 121 and 122 for information masking using magneto-optical
polarization. |
| 369, | Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 13.01 through 13.55for magneto-optical storage systems. |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclass 11 for polarization devices without modulation and
including an optical waveguide. |
|
| | |
| 484.02 | Faraday effect: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 484.01. Subject matter wherein the applied field is a magneto-optic
field in which the magneto-optic field interacts with the
optical device to produce a rotation in the plane of polarization (i.e., Faraday
effect).
| | (1)
Note. Included in this subclass are Faraday rotation
devices without modulation. Faraday rotation devices
that include modulation would be appropriate for subclasses 280-284. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 365, | Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclass 122 for information masking using magneto-optical polarization. |
| 369, | Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 13.01 through 13.55for magneto-optical storage systems. |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclass 11 for polarization devices without modulation and
including an optical waveguide. |
|
| | |
| 484.03 | Isolator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 484.02. Subject matter wherein a Faraday effect element is used
in an optical isolator.
| | (1)
Note. An optical isolator is an optical device which
allows the transmission of light in only one direction. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclass 703 for optical isolator in a coherent light generator (i.e., laser). |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclass 11 for polarization devices without modulation and
including an optical waveguide. |
|
| | |
| 484.04 | With reflector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 484.03. Subject matter wherein the optical isolator includes at
least one reflective element (e.g., mirror, retroreflector, etc). |
| | |
| 484.05 | Circulator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 484.02. Subject matter wherein a Faraday effect element is used
in an optical circulator.
| | (1)
Note. An optical circulator is an at least three-port
device that allows light to travel in only one direction (e.g., lights travels
from port 1 to port 2, then from port 2 to port 3). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclass 11 for polarization devices without modulation and
including an optical waveguide. |
| 398, | Optical Communications,
subclass 65 for polarization in multiplexing optical communication
devices, subclass 152 for transmitter/receiver
systems that include polarization, subclass 205 for heterodyne
receiver including polarization. |
|
| | |
| 484.06 | Optical switch: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 484.02. Subject matter wherein a Faraday effect element is used
in an optical switch.
| | (1)
Note. An optical switch is an optical device which
enables light to be selectively switched from one port to another. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclasses 16 through 23for optical switches utilizing an optical waveguide. |
| 398, | Optical Communications,
subclasses 45 through 57for optical switching in multiplexing optical communication devices. |
|
| | |
| 484.07 | Interleaver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 484.02. Subject matter wherein a Faraday effect element is used
in an optical interleaver.
| | (1)
Note. An optical interleaver is an at least 3-port
device that is used to combine two sets of wavelength-division
multiplexing (WDM) channels (e.g., odd
and even channels) into a composite signal stream in an
interleaving way. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclass 11 for polarization devices without modulation and
including an optical waveguide. |
| 398, | Optical Communications,
subclass 65 for polarization in multiplexing optical communication
devices, subclass 152 for transmitter/receiver
systems that include polarization, subclass 205 for heterodyne
receiver including polarization. |
|
| | |
| 484.08 | Attenuator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 484.02. Subject matter wherein a Faraday effect element is used
in an optical attenuator.
| | (1)
Note. An optical attenuator is an optical device
that reduces the amplitude or power of a signal. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 337.1, | through 337.13, for spectral gain flattening or equalization. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 370 for measuring/testing of polarized light
having light attenuation. |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclass 140 for optical attenuators including an optical waveguide. |
|
| | |
| 484.09 | Interference or comb filter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 484.02. Subject matter wherein a Faraday effect element is used
in an interference or comb filter.
| | (1)
Note. An interference or comb filter is an optical
filter that selectively reflects or transmits light in a narrow
band of wavelengths. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 489.19, | for frequency filters used for polarization by birefringence. |
| 589, | and 590, for general interference filters. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclass 20 for polarizers used with image projectors. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 491 through 495for interferometers having polarization. |
|
| | |
| 484.1 | With particular Faraday effect material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 484.02. Subject matter wherein details of materials that are involved
in the generation of the Faraday effect are recited.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 117, | Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy
Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor,
subclass 54 for the process of growing magnetic compositions. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclass 585 for chemical compositions which produce polarized
light and subclasses 62.51+ for the magnet material
composition. |
| 335, | Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and
Electromagnets,
subclasses 209 through 306for the magnet structure. |
|
| | |
| 485.01 | Polarization by reflection or refraction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 483.01. Subject matter wherein a light beam is polarized as a result
of either (1) by striking a surface and returning
into the originating medium of an optical element or (2) by
redirecting as it passes through media of differing indices of refraction
of the optical element.
| | (1)
Note. The reflection or refraction phenomena must
follow Snell’s Law to be appropriate for this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 349, | Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,
subclass 9 for projectors with liquid crystal cell which produces
S and P polarized light, subclasses 96-103 for
liquid crystal cell structure with polarizing element and subclass
194 for liquid crystal polarizer. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclass 20 for polarizers used with image projectors. |
| 362, | Illumination,
subclass 19 for illumination systems with a polarizing element. |
|
| | |
| 485.02 | Brewster angle polarizer (reflective or transmissive): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 485.01. Subject matter wherein the polarizing optical element reflects
or transmits light at Brewster’s angle.
| | (1)
Note. Since the reflection coefficient for light
which has an electric field parallel to the plane of incidence goes
to zero at some incidence angle between 0 and 90, the reflected
light at that angle (Brewster’s angle) is
linearly polarized with its electric field vectors perpendicular
to the plane of incidence and parallel to the plane of the surface
from which it is reflecting. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators,
subclass 106 for a polarizer in a coherent light generator (i.e., laser). |
|
| | |
| 485.03 | Multilayer polarizer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 485.01. Subject matter wherein the polarizing optical element includes
a plurality of layers, at least one of which is reflective
or refractive.
| | (1)
Note. Multilayer optical elements which operate using
optical interference are appropriate for this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. Multilayer optical elements that include one
or more birefringent layers should be classified in 489.19
and are not appropriate for this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 371, | for interference microscopes which may utilize polarized
light. |
| 580, | through 590, for general optical inference elements. |
|
| | |
| 485.05 | Wire grid polarizer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 485.01. Subject matter wherein the polarizing optical element includes
metallic conductors in the form of a reflective grid (i.e., each
grid opening forms a half wavelength of the applied light) to
produce a polarization of the applied light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 352, | for a polarizing element having significant infrared
or ultraviolet properties. |
| 569, | through 576, for diffractive optical elements. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 216, | Etching a substrate: Processes,
subclass 24 for general etching processes. |
|
| | |
| 485.06 | Prism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 485.01. Subject matter wherein the polarizing optical element has
at least two plane surfaces inclined relative to each other, from
which light is reflected or through which light is refracted.
| | (1)
Note. A prism may be employed for refracting or reflecting
light. Prism reflections are considered to be internal reflections; that
is, the light is inside the prism body both before and
immediately after the reflection. |
| | (2)
Note. The prismatic element may include a plurality
or an array of prisms (e.g., crossed
prisms, x-prisms or kernel prisms). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 489.09, | and 489.1, for prisms used for
polarization by birefringence. |
| 629, | through 638, for general beam splitting elements. |
| 831, | through 837, for prisms, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 349, | Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,
subclasses 8 through 9for projectors with liquid crystal cell which produces
S and P polarized light. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclass 20 for polarizers used with image projectors. |
|
| | |
| 485.07 | Mirror: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 485.01. Subject matter wherein the reflective element is a mirror.
| | (1)
Note. The reflective element may include a plurality
or an array of mirrors. | |
| | |
| 486.01 | Polarization (direction or magnitude) variation
over surface of the medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 483.01. Subject matter comprising a surface which transmits or reflects
light and whose ability to polarize light is not uniform across the
surface.
| | (1)
Note. This variation in polarizing ability may be
continuous or discontinuous and may form any type of pattern. For
example, the different areas of a surface may form an image
or design as in a vectograph. | |
| | |
| 486.02 | Linear variation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 486.01. Subject matter wherein the polarization varies along a single
direction or two orthogonal directions (e.g., matrix
or checkerboard).
A typical example of the subject matter. 
A typical example of the subject matter. 
A typical example of the subject matter. |
| | |
| 487.01 | Polarization by dichroism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 483.01. Subject matter including an optical element made of dichroic
materials which have different absorption for different incident polarization
planes of light.
| | (1)
Note. Included here are elements where the medium
comprises a lamination or a coating on a supporting structure and where
the supporting structure is significant or the means to form the
lamination or coating is significant. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 352, | for a polarizing element having significant infrared
or ultraviolet properties. |
| 580, | for general dichroic elements without polarization
properties. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 99 through 108for processes of adhesively bonding laminae. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclass 585 for chemical compositions which produce polarized
light. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 163.1 through 163.4for coating processes, per se, where
the product is an optical element. |
|
| | |
| 487.02 | With stain or dye: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 487.01. Subject matter wherein the polarizing optical element is
made of dichroic coloring agent, such as a dye or stain (e.g., Polaroid
H or K sheets or dichroic iodine-based films).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 1.31 for liquid crystal layers including polarizer. |
|
| | |
| 487.03 | Wire grid polarizer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 487.01. Subject matter wherein the polarizing optical element includes
metallic conductors in the form of an absorptive grid (i.e., each
grid opening forms a half wavelength of the applied light) to
produce polarization of the applied light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 569, | through 576, for diffractive optical elements. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 216, | Etching a substrate: Processes,
subclass 24 for general etching processes |
|
| | |
| 487.04 | Wavelength-selective beamsplitter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 487.01. Subject matter wherein the polarizing dichroic optical element
is used to selectively separate or split the light beam into components
of different wavelengths.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 634, | for wavelength-selective, dichroic reflectors. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 349, | Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,
subclasses 8 through 9for projectors with liquid crystal cell which produces
S and P polarized light. |
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclass 20 for polarizers used with image projectors. |
|
| | |
| 487.05 | Having plural elements: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 487.01. Subject matter wherein the polarizing optical device includes
a plurality of dichroic elements.
| | (1)
Note. The plurality of dichroic elements may include
a plurality of layers, films, coatings or optical
devices. | |
| | |
| 487.06 | Oriented particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 487.01. Subject matter wherein the polarization of the applied
light is dependent upon the spatial positioning of microscopic particles embedded
in the dichroic medium of the polarizing optical element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 487.01, | for polarization caused by the molecular orientation
of the matrix material or of a reaction product. |
| 487.02, | for stain or dye molecules acting as oriented particles. |
|
| | |
| 489.01 | Polarization by birefringence: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 483.01. Subject matter wherein the polarizing optical element includes
crystalline materials having two distinct indices of refraction
associated with different crystallographic directions, i.e. birefringent
materials.
| | (1)
Note. A birefringent element has the property of
dividing a ray or beam of energy into two polarized rays or beams (known
as the ordinary and extraordinary rays), the directions
of polarization being at right angles to each other. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 489.09, | for a birefringent element in the form of a Nicol
prism where the unwanted ray is deflected. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 30.1 and 32.1 for processes for forming polarizing
glass material. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 365 for measuring/testing of polarized light
having a birefringent element. |
| 501, | Compositions: ceramic,
subclasses 30 and 56 for polarizers with specified glass compositions. |
|
| | |
| 489.02 | With compensation techniques: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 489.01. Subject matter wherein the birefringent element corrects
for unwanted effects.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 349, | Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,
subclasses 117 through 121for liquid crystal cell including compensation. |
|
| | |
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CLASS 359,