This is the residual class for electrical devices, circuits or
systems having an output not directly proportional to its input
and comprising at least one component which can provide gain or
can route electrical current and which device, circuit
or system does not form a complete system such as is classified
specifically elsewhere or a subcombination of utility only in such
elsewhere classified system.
(1)
Note. The scope of patents classified herein can
be determined only by determining the scope of other related classes
which are listed below under SEARCH CLASS. Also, consult
search notes and definitions of these classes.
(2)
Note. Typical active components are solid-state
components, vacuum tubes, and gas filled tubes.
However, also included would be components broadly claimed
to have active properties, but which are not specifically
limited to a particular embodiment such as a vacuum tube.
MAIN SUBDIVISIONS OF THIS CLASS
A. Specific Signal Discriminating (e.g., Comparing
Or Selecting) Without Subsequent Control
Included here are circuits for the comparison, selection, or
distinguishing of specific characteristics of either an input signal
or signals without continuous regulation of such characteristic.
B. Signal Converting, Shaping, Or
Generating
Included here are circuits wherein: (a)
an inherent input signal parameter such as phase, frequency, amplitude
or current is modified, maintained at some value, or changed
to an entirely different parameter; (b) an
input signal having a particular waveform modified into an output
signal having a partially or a completely different waveform; or (c) an
output signal of specified waveform is produced.
C. Specific Input To Output Function
Included here are circuits wherein an output signal is proportional
to a mathematical expression involving an input signal or signals.
(1)
Note. Characteristically, the input signals are
continuous and slowly varying.
(2)
Note. Circuitry performing Boolean Algebra functions, per
se, are excluded from this class. See References
to Other Classes, below.
(3)
Note. The input signals of this subclass do not
contain information (data). For data processing
see References to Other Classes, below.
D. Gating (i.e., Switching
Input To Output)
Included here are electron tube or solid-state gating
circuits which distribute unmodified input signals to selected outputs.
E. External Effect
Included here are circuits, not elsewhere classified
responsive to or compensating for an ambient nonelectrical condition
such as heat or magnetism.
F. With Particular Control
Included here are circuits where current or power to a broadly
recited device is controlled in response to a control signal.
The control signal may be derived from an external source or from
a feedback structure responsive to the condition of the load.
(1)
Note. Where a specific load device is recited, classification
will be in the particular class providing for the specific load device.
G. Specific Identifiable Device, Circuit, Or System
Included here are circuits having a particular structure, arrangement, or
construction not classifiable elsewhere.
H. Miscellaneous
Included here are systems or circuits not provided for elsewhere.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
ACTIVE FILTERS
The filters proper for this class include at least one active
device utilized in producing the transfer function defining the
frequencies that will be passed.
A filter in combination with a specific load will be classified
in the class providing for the load. See References to
Other Classes, below for filtering of data within an electrical
digital calculating computer or analog computer.
The filters within the Specific Identifiable Device, Circuit, Or
System area (see above) are active filters that suppress
an unwanted input signal. See Noise Filters below for
additional noise filter areas within Class 327.
NOISE FILTERS
Limiting, clipping, or clamping circuits
which achieve transient or signal noise reduction by filtering or
otherwise are classified in this class.
Compensation for a noise signal which is a by-product
of switching thereof is found in this class.
Miscellaneous unwanted signal suppression is classified in
this class.
See Subclass References to the Current Class below for these
art areas.
PHASE LOCK LOOP
A nonlinear phase lock loop circuit, per se, is
classified in Class 327. A phase lock loop circuit in
combination with a special art device, is classified with
the special art device. For example, a phase
lock loop claimed in combination with an oscillator is classified
in Class 331, subclasses 172+, a phase
lock loop in combination with a telecommunication system is classified
in Class 455, and a phase lock loop in combination with
a pulse or digital communication system is classified in Class 375, subclasses
111+.
See Subclass References to the Current Class below for a phase
lock loop to synchronize one signal with another for the creation
of a replica signal.
DIGITAL LOGIC
Digital logic, per se, is classified in
Class 326 and this includes, for example, multiple
connections of AND, OR, or NOT gates.
However, combinations of multiple AND or OR gates, etc., which
perform a particular function proper to some other class are classified
in that other class. For example, an AND gate
claimed to be used as a comparator, for example, will
be classified in Class 327, whereas a claimed AND gate, per
se, would be classified in Class 326.
MULTIVIBRATOR
Patents reciting a free running astable multivibrator, per se, are
classified elsewhere. For example, see References
to Other Classes for a relaxation oscillator multivibrator.
Multivibrators having one or more stable states are classified
in Class 327. See Subclass References to the current Class.
Generally, detailed flip-flops, per
se, are in this class, subclasses 185+; however, multifunctional
or programmable logic having a flip-flop is in Class 326, subclasses 37+ and
redundant logic having a flip-flop is in Class 326, subclass
12.
INTEGRATED STRUCTURE
An integrated circuit chip, per se, is classified
in Class 257.
Lead frames, per se, are classified in Class
257 since these are only used to connect an integrated circuit chip externally.
An integrated circuit chip in combination with a single lead, a
battery or bias without any additional circuit configuration, is
classified in Class 257.
An integrated circuit chip in combination with an external
circuit proper for Class 327 will be classified in Class 327 since
Class 327 is higher than Class 257 in the overall class hierarchy.
Circuit interconnections (e.g., point
to point, lead interconnections, diode and transistor
interconnections, etc.) within the confines
of the integrated circuit chip itself are classified in Class 257, whereas
circuit interconnections outside the environment of an integrated
circuit chip are not.
If an integrated circuit is recited with other than a nominal
recitation of a utility, the patent will be classified
in the utility class.
CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES
CCD"s recited as part of the circuitry within an integrated
circuit chip are classified in Class 257.
CCD"s recited with other than a nominal recitation of utility
are classified in the utility class. See References to
Other Classes, below.
POWER SUPPLIES
Power supplies in combination with another art device, classifiable
elsewhere, will be found with the other art device.
Tubes or solid-state device power supplies for a nonlinear
device, circuit, or system, not elsewhere
classified, will remain in this class (327).
A power supply in combination with a load, (i.e., a
single power supply and a single load) without any claim
to a substrate circuit is classified elsewhere. See References
to Other Classes, below.
The power supply patents of this class, subclasses
530+ require a nonlinear device, circuit, or
system as a load or control for the power supply. A claim
to a power supply circuit in combination with a substrate containing
a nonlinear device, circuit, or system is classified
in Class 327.
SYSTEMS WITH SPECIFIC SOURCE OF INPUT ENERGY ONLY IDENTIFIED
BY CHARACTERISTIC
This class does not provide for the subject matter included
herein in combination with a specific type of electromagnetic wave
energy since the broad recitation of the specific source would be
classifiable with the art containing that particular source of energy.
However, this class will take the systems and networks
of the class in combination with a source of wave energy wherein the
energy is expressed only as being composed of a band of frequencies
or a source of pulses, etc., or wherein
the source is recited by name only as a wave energy generator (such
as an oscillator, pulse generator, etc.).
Where the specific details of the source are recited such systems
are classified with the art which provides for systems utilizing
such specific source.
MECHANICAL STRUCTURE
Claims to a specific mechanical structure in combination with
generic circuitry are classified with the mechanical structure.
However, claims to broad mechanical structure in combination
with specific circuitry is classified in this class unless provided
for in a mechanical or electrical class and provided the circuitry is
nonlinear.
MEMORY CIRCUIT
A generic nonlinear circuit claimed with a memory inside the
circuit is classified in this class (327), whereas a
claim to generic circuitry in combination with a memory external
to the circuit would be classified with the memory class.
MONITORING, TEST OR CALIBRATING
The following areas reciting monitoring, testing
or calibrating take precedence over Class 327:
Class 73, subclasses 1.01+ for
instrument proving or calibrating; and subclass 865.9
for testing of apparatus.
Class 324, subclass 601 for calibration, and
subclasses 74+ for testing and calibrating of electric
meters.
Class 342, subclasses 165+ for testing or
calibrating a radar system.
Class 348, subclasses 180+ for television
monitoring or testing.
Class 358, subclass 406 for facsimile measuring or
testing.
Class 374, subclasses 1+ for thermal measuring
and testing.
Class 455, subclass 115 for measuring, testing
or monitoring of a transmitter and subclass 226 for measuring, testing, or
monitoring of a receiver. Only monitoring, testing, or
calibrating, not elsewhere classified, and related
to nonlinear devices, circuits and systems are classified
in Class 327. The following are examples of those found
in Class 327: subclasses 20, 262, 292, 378, 509, and
538.
Class 600, subclass 486 for testing means inserted
in the human body.
Class 702, appropriate subclasses for testing and
measuring which includes a computation.
FUNCTION
Only those nonlinear circuits or systems whose function is
not specifically provided for elsewhere would be classified in this
class (327) subclasses 334+.
SWITCHING
See References to Other Classes, below for examples
of other areas for switching;
CIRCUITS WITH ELECTRON OR OTHER CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM TUBE
Only those nonlinear circuits utilizing electron or other charged
particle beams that are not classifiable in other areas would be
classified in Class 327.
Examples of electron or other charged particle beam tube circuits
classified elsewhere are the cyclotron and CRT circuits of Class
313.
MODULATION OR COMMUNICATION
Nonlinear circuits used in combination with a modulated signal
are classified in the classes containing the communication of information
via a modulated signal.
ELECTRICAL CONTROL OF MACHINES
Electrical control with a broad machine is classified with
the machine, if a class exists for the machine.
Only those electrical control patents, not provided for
in the machine classes, would be classified in Class 327, provided
the circuit is nonlinear.
NEURON CIRCUITS OR NETWORKS
Patents reciting neuron simulator circuitry, per
se, and neural networks are classified elsewhere. See
References to Other Classes below.
FUSIBLE LINK AND INTENTIONAL DESTRUCT CIRCUIT
Miscellaneous circuits of this type are classified in this class (327) subclass
525.
OSCILLATORS
Free running oscillators (including the asynchronous type) are
classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes
below.
PERSONNEL OR DEVICE PROTECTIVE CIRCUITS
Circuits used to protect personnel from harm, or
protect devices from failure (e.g., overload, power
surge) are excluded from this class. See References
to Other Classes below.
SYSTEMS WITH SPECIFIC LOADS IN THE OUTPUT CIRCUIT
This class does not provide for the subject matter in combination
with a specific load device even though the load device is recited
by name only (as a motor, loud-speaker, etc.).
Such systems are classified in general with the particular art device
constituting the load.
AMPLIFIERS
This class does not include electronic circuits, per
se, wherein a variable electric current or voltage input
signal is applied to an electrical amplifying device to control
a source of electrical energy applied to the same device, and
from which is derived an output signal of substantially the same
waveform as the input signal and substantially linearly related
thereto.
LINEAR DEVICE, CIRCUITS OR SYSTEMS
This class excludes linear resistors, reactive apparatus and
insulators, per se. Although the claimed solid-state device
may be active or passive and have some insulative or reactive properties, it
cannot be classified in this class if the device is generally thought
of as being only an insulator or reactive apparatus such as a capacitor, inductor, transformer, motor, etc.
COUNTERS
See References to Other Classes for electrical pulse counters, pulse
dividers, or shift registers.
PASSIVE FILTERS
See References to Other Classes for filters utilizing lumped
or distributed parameter passive elements.
SPECIAL ART DEVICES
Special art devices are to be classified with the specified device.
GAS TUBE
Circuitry utilizing gas tubes not elsewhere provided for are
included here. See, Subclass References To The Current
Class, below, for an example.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for systems and apparatus for making
a measurement or test not provided for in other classes, particularly
subclasses 1.01+ for instrument proving or calibrating, and
subclass 865.9 for testing of apparatus.
Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses for telegraph apparatus and systems, particularly
subclass 43 for space induction systems, and subclasses
66.1+ for alternating or pulsating current telegraph
systems.
Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate subclasses for electric switches and circuit
breakers and for electrical and mechanical switches.
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for producing
chemical changes through the agency of electrical wave energy.
Electric Heating,
subclasses 600 through 780for induction, electro-static
or electro-magnetic heating systems and subclass 114 for
welding circuits with space discharge tube control.
Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for the detection of nuclear
or electromagnetic radiant energy, the testing of material
by nuclear or electromagnetic radiant energy, the irradiation of
material by nuclear or electromagnetic radiant energy, electron
energy analysis, the deflection or focussing of an ion
or electron beam, and the generation of control of nuclear
or electromagnetic radiant energy.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State
Diodes), appropriate subclasses for particular nonlinear
solid-state devices, per se, also for
an integrated circuit chip, per se, and for lead
frames, per se, since these are only used to
connect an integrated circuit chip externally. An integrated
circuit chip in combination with a single lead, a battery
or bias without any additional circuit configuration is classified
in Class 257.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, appropriate subclasses for circuits providing electrical
transmission or interconnection such as those having plural energy sources
or plural loads and class appropriate switching systems, wave
form determinative networks, and circuits responsive to
external effects such as temperature or magnetism.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 326+ for circuits used to protect personnel from harm, or
protect devices from failure (e.g., overload, power
surge). (See "Personnel Or
Device Protective Circuits" above)
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate subclasses for the physical structure of electric
generators and motors and electromagnetic clutches and for the circuits
that relate to electromagnetic clutches, and particularly
subclasses 314+ for piezoelectric devices in combination with tube
structure where the significant structure claimed is that of the
crystal, and the tube structure or circuitry is only incidentally
claimed.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Consumable Electrodes, appropriate subclasses for electric lamp and discharge
devices of the arc discharge type which may be combined with an electron
space discharge tube.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems, appropriate subclasses for circuits in combination with
charged particle beam tubes, cathode-ray tubes
or electric lamp and space discharge devices, particularly
subclasses 8.51+ for pulse storage systems utilizing cathode-ray
tubes, and subclasses 84.51+ for pulse storing
systems comprised exclusively of gaseous discharge tubes.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging
or Discharging, appropriate subclass for a battery or capacitor
charging or discharging application that employs a space-discharge
device.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation
Systems, for a power supply in combination with a load, (i.e., a
single power supply and a single load) without any claim
to a substrate circuit (See "Power Supplies" above).
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, for circuitry for performing Boolean Algebra functions, per se. (See
Class Definition, "Specific Input To Output Function" above)
Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for electron space discharge tube
apparatus combined with circuitry to form an amplifier system and
subclasses 250+ for semiconductor amplifiers.
Oscillators, appropriate subclasses for electron space discharge tube
or solid-state apparatus combined with tuned circuit apparatus
forming an oscillatory system of the self-sustaining type, an
asynchronous oscillator, per se, or in combination
with other circuitry or an oscillator combined with a phase lock
loop without any intelligence claimed;
subclasses 8+ for transistorized automatic frequency control
for oscillators; and subclasses 108+ for solid-state oscillators.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclass 19 for passive element wave differentiating or integrating
systems, subclasses 24+ for passive filters, and
subclass 20 for wave shaping networks of the passive element type;
subclasses 167+, 186+, and 202+ for
filters utilizing lumped or distributed parameter passive elements.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 12.1 through 12.55for pulse responsive selective systems, particularly
subclass 12.2 for pulse responsive counting chains which
may employ an electron space discharge device; subclass 15.1
for electron beam-type selective or remote control systems; subclass
146.2 for digital comparator systems; and subclasses
870.01-870.44 for telemetering systems. (Also
see "Charge Coupled Devices" above.)
Coded Data Generation or Conversion,
subclasses 50+ for code converters and subclasses 20+, 186, and
191 for a pulse transmitter or generator having a space discharge
device.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., radar, Radio
Navigation), appropriate subclasses for systems for object detection
and utilizing pulse radio wave forms and
subclass 165 for testing or calibrating a radar system.
Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 3+ for systems using light for distance finding and subclasses
26+ for light systems for the determination of velocity.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 1+ for safety and protection of systems and devices, subclasses
100+ for current fault sensor with semiconductor circuit
interrupter, subclasses 139+ for control circuits
for electromagnetic devices, and subclasses 196+ for
control circuits for electromagnetic devices with time delay including
a semiconductor device.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 1+ for circuits used to protect personnel from harm, or
protect devices from failure (e.g., overload, power
surge). (See "Personnel Or
Device Protective Circuits" above)
Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for circuits utilized in electric conversion
systems where a single electrical source is connected to a single
electrical load and particularly
subclasses 94 , 99, 111+, 151, and
166 for systems whereby a current or voltage of one characteristic
is converted to a current or voltage of another characteristic and utilizing
electron space discharge devices.
Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclasses 73+ for recirculation of information in a storage
read/write system, subclass 78 for plural shift
register memory devices, subclasses 80+ for magnetic
shift register, per se, subclasses 129+ for
storage systems using a particular storage element, subclass
189.011 for read/write circuits peculiar to
a storage and retrieval system, and subclasses 230.01+ for
addressing circuits peculiar to a storage and retrieval system. (Also
see "Charge Coupled Devices" above).
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for electrical pulse counters, dividers, and
shift registers and particularly
subclasses 57+ for charge coupled devices used as a counter, pulse
divider, or shift register. (Also see "Charge
Coupled Devices" above)
Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 94.1+ for noise suppressing audio circuitry and subclass
111 for circuitry combined with a specific type of microphone or
loudspeaker.
Photography, appropriate subclasses for apparatus producing pictures
on light sensitive material which may utilize electronic devices. (Also
see "Charge Coupled Devices" above).
Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or
Device Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for circuits utilized in
the manufacture or repair of electric lamp or electric space discharge
devices.
Data Processing: Intelligent Processing
Systems and Methods,
subclasses 15+ for neural circuits and networks. (See "Neuron
Circuits Or Networks" above).
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 300+ for digital filters unique to digital computing ,
subclass 540 for the performance of arithmetic operations by a CRT,
subclass 819 for analog filters which are unique to analog computing, and
subclass 849 for analog function generation which utilizes a CRT. (See
"Active Filters", above.)
SPECIFIC SIGNAL DISCRIMINATING (E.G., COMPARING, SELECTING,
ETC.) WITHOUT SUBSEQUENT CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an output signal is derived from
one or more input signals by comparing, selecting, or distinguishing
a particular input signal parameter and which parameter is not continuously
thereafter regulated.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 250 for wave meters, subclasses 281+ for systems
adapted for ionic separation or analysis and comprising phase or
frequency determining devices.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 76.39+ for frequency measuring or testing of electricity
and subclasses 76.77+ for phase comparison systems for
measuring or testing electricity and involving plural inputs.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 3.1 through 3.9,315, and 870.18-870.24 for electrical circuits whereby
an indication or signal is transmitted to a distant point and which
signal is indicative of an electrical condition which may comprise phase
or frequency difference; and subclass 146.2 for digital comparator systems.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery, appropriate subclasses for error detection or correction
of information content of a digital signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated input signal parameter
is that fractional part of a periodic waveform which has elapsed
relative to a fixed origin.
(1)
Note. If the time for one signal period is represented as
360 degrees along a time axis, the phase position is called the phase
angle.
Oscillators,
subclasses 1+ for systems for stabilizing the frequency of an
oscillator utilizing phase or frequency comparison devices, and
subclasses 37+ for systems wherein two or more frequencies
are combined to produce a beat frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein the output signal is indicative of
the phase positioning or phase differences among two or more input
signals.
(1)
Note. Detectors producing an output which is a result of
demodulation of a carrier having previously been modulated by an
intelligence waveform which varies arbitrarily will not be classified here.
See SEARCH CLASS below.
Demodulators,
subclasses 345+ for circuits producing an output which is a result
of demodulation of a carrier having previously been phase modulated
by an intelligence waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein a device is included that converts
energy forms other than electrical into electrical energy.
(1)
Note. The other energy forms may be mechanical, thermal,
hydraulic, or chemical, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter including a vacuum tube device or a gaseous
medium within a gas tight envelope in which electron conduction
takes place through the vacuum or gas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein the reference signal varies over
a range of different frequencies or the reference signal is compared
to different frequency signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein a reference signal is derived by
representation of an input signal at intermittently timed intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein an electromagnetic induction device
transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another adjacent
circuit at a constant frequency.
(1)
Note. A transformer changes voltage in direct proportion
to the ratio of the number of turns of its primary and secondary windings.
Subject matter under 3 wherein the phase comparison (a)
includes a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR,
or exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific phase comparison
circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 296+ for static or noise elimination in radio receivers
which may depend upon the slope or shape of the pulse present in
the input signal applied to the receiver.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter wherein the predetermined geometric configuration
is signal rate of change.
(1)
Note. The rate of change may be determined by digital means
(such as counters) or analog means (such as slope detection using
a charging capacitor).
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter wherein a signal of predetermined shape acts
as a constant for comparison to a variable input.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is indicative of
an unexpected occurrence or lack of occurrence of a pulse in either
a clocking signal or a predetermined sequence of pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein a particular pulse among plural pulses
input during a particular time interval is selected based upon a
predetermined priority arrangement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the detection of an undesired absent
or present pulse produces an output signal which indicates a failure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulses are not received simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulse signals occur simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein a beginning or trailing end of a
pulse is determined to occur simultaneously with a corresponding
beginning or trailing end of another pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulse signals having the same time interval between
consecutive pulses occur simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the input signal parameter is its
positive or negative orientation with respect to a fixed origin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter wherein an output signal results from comparing
pulses which have or are expected to have differing polarities.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the input signal parameter is (a) a
time interval between a leading edge and a trailing edge of a single
pulse or (b) a time interval between a trailing
edge and a leading edge of two consecutive pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter including a resonant circuit which oscillates
at its natural frequency upon application of an electrical impulse.
Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for use
in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and capacitance
elements in circuit arrangement to form a resonant circuit and in
which structure is provided for adjusting one or both of these elements
for changing the mean resonant frequency of the circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein the output signal does not include
portions of the input signal having a pulse width shorter than a
predetermined time interval.
(1)
Note. Narrow or short pulse (spurious) duration
in a system may be noise, which is unwanted disturbances
superimposed upon a useful signal and which tends to obscure its
information content.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein (a) an input pulse
signal is divided between long and short pulses contained therein
or (b) a space is inserted between the trailing
edge of a pulse and the leading edge of the next pulse or (c) a
spacing between pulses is detected.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein the output signal is indicative of
the pulse width difference between an input pulse signal and a set
value or predetermined standard.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein an input signal passes through more
than one route or channel between an input terminal and an output
terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated signal parameter
relates to the number of times a signal repeats its basic waveform
within a unit of time.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 76.19+ for a frequency spectrum analyzer and subclasses 76.39+ for
measuring and testing of the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
Oscillators,
subclasses 1+ for systems for stabilizing the frequency of an
oscillator utilizing phase or frequency comparison devices and subclasses
37+ for systems wherein two or more frequencies are combined
to produce a beat frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein the output signal is a function of
the differences among two or more input signal frequencies.
(1)
Note. Systems wherein the claimed subject matter
includes apparatus which responds only when a noninformation bearing
input signal is in synchronism with a control signal locally generated (synchronous
detectors) and which are not claimed as an integral part
of a more comprehensive system will be classified herein.
Detectors producing an output which is a result of demodulation
of a carrier having previously been modulated by an intelligence
waveform which varies arbitrarily will not be classified here.
See SEARCH CLASS, below.
Demodulators, appropriate subclasses for a circuit having an output which
is a result of demodulation of a carrier having previously been
frequency modulated by an intelligence waveform.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 130+ , for mixers or converters utilized in
a superheterodyne receiver (commonly referred to as a first
detector), and subclasses 313+ for combining
frequencies in a receiver to produce a beat frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the output signal provides an indication
of the maintenance of precise matching between two or more input signal
frequencies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein a signal of constant frequency acts
as a standard for comparison to a variable input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the frequency comparison of plural
signals (a) includes a device performing Boolean
functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR
or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific frequency
comparison circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified
is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein the output signal consists of a chosen
input signal having a specific frequency characteristic.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein (a) the predetermined signal
frequency selected is derived by representation of another known
signal frequency at intermittent time intervals or (b) wherein
a signal of fixed frequency is utilized in the frequency selection.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing
and Calculating,
subclasses 311+ for frequency detection/filtering using
an electrical digital calculating computer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the output signal is incremented
or decremented at a predetermined interval thereby forming a variable
duty cycle according to the changes in the input frequency signal.
(1)
Note. A counter is a device capable of changing
between a sequence of distinguishable states upon each receipt of
an input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the frequency detection (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or
exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device
having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific frequency
detection circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified, is classified
here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated input signal parameter
is the magnitude of an electrical energy waveform measured with
respect to a fixed origin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein low-level voltages (e.g., CCD
charges, capacitive stored signal levels, etc.) are
detected and increased in magnitude from one level to another.
(1)
Note. The voltage amplitude or storage charge levels
detected in this subclass include the type of levels found in storage
memory cells of an array; however, the static
storage and retrieval of information coupled with the functions
of "write", "read-out", "erase", etc., wherein
voltage amplitude is sensed, is classified elsewhere. See
the Search Note below.
(2)
Note. Differential comparator type sensing amplifiers
including regenerative sensing arrangements (e.g., bistable
flip-flops) are classified in this subclass.
Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclasses 207 through 210.15for the static storage and retrieval of information
coupled with the functions of "write", "read-out", "erase", etc., wherein
voltage amplitude is sensed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset
between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages
or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein the sensing amplifier circuit utilizes
collector current matching of two transistors when connected base
to base and emitter to emitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein there are two elements or stages
which are mutually interconnected (i.e., the
output of one is connected to the input of the other and vice versa).
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein a signal of fixed voltage potential
acts as a constant for comparison to a variable input.
(1)
Note. The reference signal is usually an input signal
or produced from an input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein an output signal is caused by either
a greatest absolute magnitude or a least absolute magnitude of an
input signal during a time period of interest.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include comparison
to a fixed reference or threshold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein a signal from an external source
is evaluated relative to a voltage or current obtained by processing
signals from the same source.
(1)
Note. For this subclass either the processing or
means therefor should be claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein maximum or minimum amplitude discriminating
is achieved by an electrical energy storage element combined with
an element providing unidirectional current flow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein an output signal is caused by both
the greatest absolute magnitude and least absolute magnitude of
an input signal during a time period of interest.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein fluctuating input signals from two
or more sources external to a system are evaluated relative to one
another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or
exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device
having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific amplitude
comparison circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified
is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein the differences between the plural
varying input signals are initially amplified prior to further processing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the comparison between plural varying
inputs utilizes collector current matching of two transistors when
connected base to base and emitter to emitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein at least one of the fluctuating inputs
provides a changing signal to be used only as an evaluation standard.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein an input signal passes through more
than one route or channel between an input terminal and an output
terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein a signal from an external source
is evaluated relative to a voltage or current obtained by processing
signals from the same source.
(1)
Note. For classification herein, either the
processing or means therefor should be recited.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein the processing includes extracting
a signal from an output terminal of the circuit and applying a portion
of the extracted signal to an input terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein input signal amplitude is evaluated
relative to two or more unvarying voltage or current levels.
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude between
the input signal and plural fixed references (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR
or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, for general digital logic circuitry not classified elsewhere
and particularly
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the input signal is evaluated relative
to a standard which is at a constant level of amplitude.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
an input signal actually transits the reference amplitude of a comparison
standard.
(1)
Note. The approach of the input signal to the reference
level may be from either a positive or a negative direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of the comparison standard
is established by one electrical component.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the single electrical component is
a three terminal semiconductor device composed of n or p type material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an increase or decrease in thermal
sensitivity of a system is cancelled or reduced by the effects of
a counterbalancing element in the system.
(1)
Note. A counterbalancing element may be, for
example, a resistor, capacitor, or inductor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter including four or more devices with their
input and output terminals connected in a closed loop to form a
four arm network.
(1)
Note. Another arm, called the diagonal arm, may
be connected between an input terminal and an output terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an electromagnetic induction device
transfers electrical energy between adjacent circuit portions at
a constant frequency.
(1)
Note. A transformer changes voltage in direct proportion
to the ratio of the number of turns of its primary and secondary windings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein a device which supplies signal power
at a constant voltage or current level is used as a standard for
comparison.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset
between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages
or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the output signal is representative
of the amplitude difference between two consecutive or selected
points of the input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein a representation of an input signal
magnitude at a particular point in time is produced or an established
input signal magnitude value is maintained.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including four or more devices with their
input and output terminals connected in a closed loop to form a
four arm network.
(1)
Note. Another arm, called the diagonal arm, may
connect an input terminal and an output terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including a device which supplies signal
power to a sample or hold circuit at a constant voltage or current
level.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein a representation of an input signal
magnitude at a particular point in time is produced and subsequently
maintained for a time in a storage element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset
between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages
or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or
exclusive-OR, or (b) utilizes
a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific amplitude
comparison circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified
is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 332+ for geophysical exploration systems utilizing radiant energy
with separate detector means whereby signal components are selected
or suppressed and subclasses 76.12+ for measuring
systems which analyze complex electric waves.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, appropriate subclasses for passive type wave selecting
systems, particularly
subclasses 167+ for wave filters, per se.
Television,
subclass 506 for burst separation circuitry, subclasses
525+ for separating the synchronizing components from a
composite signal wave, and subclasses 638+ for
color signal deriving circuitry.
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language
Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclass 200 for systems for analyzing complex speech waves (e.g., where
the fundamental pitch frequency of the human voice is determined).
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Systems wherein the output signal is one of a plurality
of simultaneously applied input signal waveforms selected in accordance
with a predetermined characteristic, the nonselected waveforms
being attenuated or otherwise suppressed in such a manner that only
the desired signal waveform appears at the output.
Oscillators,
subclass 76 for systems comprising an oscillator combined with
a harmonic selection network and subclass 77 for oscillators with
a wave selecting output filter.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein (a) an inherent input
signal parameter such as phase, frequency, amplitude, or
current is modified, maintained at some value, or
changed to an entirely different parameter, (b) an
input signal having a particular waveform is modified into an output
signal having a partially or completely different waveform, or (c) an
output signal of specified waveform is produced.
(1)
Note. An example of the second type above would
be sine wave to triangular wave modification.
(2)
Note. This subclass and indented subclasses do not
include single energy systems for conversion wherein a single electrical
source circuit is coupled to a single electrical load circuit and
which involves current, phase or frequency conversion, and
wherein the energy in the load is supplied solely by the source. Such
systems in general are classified in Class 363, Electric
Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses.
See References to Other Classes in Class 363 for other classes providing
for conversion systems.
(3)
Note. Excluded from this subclass and indented subclasses
are free running signal generators which are classified, for example, in
Class 331.
(4)
Note. Bias circuits of the pulsing type which establish
device operating points are classified below with the bias circuits.
Surgery,
subclass 2.06 for electrocardiographs involving timing and subclasses
303.13+ for instruments for application of electricity
to the human body involving timing.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for nonlinear reactor systems (e.g., saturable) and
subclasses 106+ for a class appropriate wave shape determinative
or pulse producing system. See also appropriate subclasses
for plural source or load voltage magnitude and phase control.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems,
subclasses 364+ for cathode ray deflecting circuits involving timing
and subclasses 209+ for systems involving a periodic switch
in the supply circuit of a gaseous discharge tube.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 445 for systems of automatically starting and/or
stopping a motor with timing, subclasses 606+ for
electric motor position servomechanisms with phase or frequency
control, and subclass 683 for particular phase detectors
used in such a servomechanism.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclasses 17+ , especially indented subclass 18 for systems involving
time delay means in the control of a generator or driving.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation
Systems,
subclasses 212+ for power supply phase control comprising an electron
tube and wherein, in general, the tube does not
act as an active element.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 83+ for phase indicators, subclasses 78+, particularly
subclass 82 for measuring or testing the frequency of cyclic current
or voltage by phase comparison, and subclasses 160+ for
systems for measuring time or speed.
Oscillators,
subclasses 37+ for systems including an oscillator or oscillators
generating at least two different frequencies with a signal combining device (e.g., mixer, modulator, etc.) having
a signal input circuit and a signal output circuit where the oscillator or
oscillators are connected to the signal input circuit of the combining device
and the device output comprises the sum or difference frequency of
the outputs of the oscillator or oscillators.
Modulators, appropriate subclasses for systems including beating
a source of carrier frequency with a signal wave which varies arbitrarily
in a continuous manner in accordance with some intelligence.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 18 , 23, and 138+ for delay
networks comprising passive elements and subclasses 138+. See (1) Note, above.
Communications: Electrical,
subclass 870.24 for telemetering systems receiving information
by pulse trains with length or spacing varied with respect to time.
Coded Data Generation or Conversion,
subclasses 50+ for systems converting an input consisting of a
coded arrangement representing a particular group of values to an
output consisting of another coded arrangement.
Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for single energy conversion
systems wherein a single electrical source circuit is coupled to
a single electrical load circuit. See (2) Note, above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a repetition rate of an output signal
is directly related to the magnitude of an input signal current
or voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the magnitude of output signal current
or voltage is directly related to the repetition rate of the input
signal.
(1)
Note. Included here are devices wherein an input
signal of varying frequency is changed into a direct current output
voltage which is a function of the input frequency.
(2)
Note. Since period is inversely related to frequency, input
period conversion to output current or voltage is also included here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein electrical potential is changed to
an equivalent electrical charge flow or vice versa.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclass 73 for power conversion systems between a constant
current and a constant voltage or vice versa wherein a single source
is connected to a single load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an alternating current input signal
wave is converted to an unloaded output wave consisting of a unidirectional
representation of the half cycles of an input wave.
(1)
Note. The conversion systems in this subclass do
not include claimed subject matter such as would define demodulators, detectors, or
rectifier systems classified elsewhere with specific art devices.
Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses for pulse producing (e.g., by
rectification of AC signals, etc.) in
combination with telegraph systems. In Class 178, the
pulses are usually representative of a telegraph code.
subclasses 118+ relate to telegraph receivers which may include
signal rectifiers.
Railway Switches and Signals, appropriate subclasses for railway signaling systems
which may include signal rectifying or other conversion systems as
subcombinations thereof.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 6 for systems having series connected converters
of different voltages, subclass 45 for plural supply circuits
with intervening converter, subclass 58 for load current
dividing circuits utilizing plural converters, subclass
82 for plural converter systems, subclasses 401+ for
nonlinear reactor systems, and subclass 107 for wave form
or wave shape determining systems with wave rectification.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging
or Discharging, appropriate subclass for charging or discharging
a capacitor or battery where a rectifier is employed, particularly
Digest 31.
Demodulators, for demodulating systems using rectification designed
to change a signal modulated wave so as to produce in the output
circuit a pulsating direct current representative of the signal.
Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, appropriate subclasses for signaling systems including
radar and directive radio systems which may include demodulating
type conversion systems as subcombinations thereof.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for rectification and derectification involving
a single source coupled to a single load in a power conversion system.
See the class definition and search notes as to lines with other
classes and further fields of search for rectifying systems.
Pulse or Digital Communications, appropriate subclasses and particularly
subclasses 37+ for pulse communication systems using alternating or
pulsating currents.
Telephonic Communications, appropriate subclasses for pulse producing systems
with signal rectifying or other converting for use in telephone
call transmitter systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an output waveform is derived which
at any instant is proportional to the combined values of the corresponding instantaneous
values of a plurality of input signal waveforms.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 77 for systems for analyzing complex electric waves
and subclass 140 for measuring and testing circuits which combine
plural inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal is modified into
a similar output signal having an enhanced current supplying ability.
(1)
Note. Current driving of the type associated with
electronic digital logic circuitry is classified in Class 326.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ and particularly subclass 412 for similar subject
matter where a nonlinear reactive element (e.g., magnetic
core) is claimed as forming part of the operative combination
of the invention.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the output drive current is provided
to a broadly recited element which has the property of opposing
current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the output drive current is provided
to a broadly recited element which has the property of opposing
voltage change due to stored charge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein an output circuit comprises two parallel
identical portions each receiving signals which are the same except
for a relative 180 degree phase offset.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a frequency characteristic of an
input signal is modified to produce an output wave of different
frequency characteristic which has a definite relationship to that of
the input wave or where a frequency characteristic is held essentially
constant.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use with structure for converting
the varying electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Oscillators,
subclasses 37+ for beat frequency oscillator systems and subclass
76 for systems including an oscillator combined with a harmonic producing
or selecting network in the output. To be classified in
Class 331 the oscillator must be the signal source and must be capable
of self sustained oscillation.
Modulators,
subclasses 117+ or 144+ for systems wherein a first source
is modified in frequency or phase by mixing with an arbitrarily
varying control source.
Communications: Electrical, particularly
subclasses 870.01+ for telemetering systems and especially subclasses
870.18+ providing for frequency or phase modulation
systems.
Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, appropriate subclasses for systems involving object
detection by reflected pulses which may utilize phase or frequency
modulation.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems wherein a single
electrical source is coupled to a single electrical load in a power
conversion system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter including maintaining constant or varying
the repetition rate of a continuous series of pulses having negligible
transition times and available at a specific circuit location for
subsequent utilization.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use in converting the varying
electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Oscillators,
subclasses 37+ for beat frequency oscillator systems and subclass
76 for systems including an oscillator combined with a harmonic producing
or selecting network in the output. (To be classified
in Class 331 the oscillator must be the signal source and must be
capable of self sustained oscillation).
Modulators, appropriate subclasses for systems wherein a first
source of one frequency is modified in frequency or phase by mixing
with an arbitrarily varying control source of another frequency
or frequencies.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for systems whereby information
is conveyed from one point to another by pulses arranged in a particular
sequence or whose height or duration are varied to represent the particular
information to be conveyed, particularly
subclasses 870.01+ for telemetering systems, and subclasses 870.18+
for such systems providing frequency or phase modulation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter wherein the repetition rate of the output
pulses is less than the frequency of the input signal.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for analogous circuits which
may utilize shift registers or other class appropriate devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. wherein the repetition rate of the output pulses is greater
than the frequency of the input signal.
(1)
Note. Miscellaneous frequency mixing which produces
sum or difference frequencies of two input frequencies is classified
in subclass 113. Rectangular or pulse waveform frequency
mixing is classified in subclass 114.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for analogous circuits which
may utilize shift registers or other class appropriate devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein an input signal having a first frequency
is transformed into an output signal having a second lower frequency
where the output frequency is a submultiple of the input frequency.
(1)
Note. Included as submultiples are fractions such
as two-thirds.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use with structure for converting
the varying electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems of a single electrical source
coupled to a single electrical load where there is no intermediate conversion
to DC.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein an input signal having a first frequency
is transformed into an output signal having a second higher frequency, where the
output frequency is a multiple of the input frequency.
(1)
Note. A harmonic output frequency is an integral
multiple of an input frequency.
(2)
Note. Miscellaneous frequency mixing which produces
sum or difference frequencies of two input frequencies is classified
in subclass 113. Rectangular or pulse waveform frequency
mixing is classified in subclass 114.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use with structure for converting
the varying electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems of a single electrical source
coupled to a single electrical load where there is no intermediate conversion
to DC.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein multiple harmonic output waves are
simultaneously derived from a single input wave.
(1)
Note. The plurality of output waves are generally
derived from separate output terminals by filter or other load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein the frequency of the output wave
is exactly twice the frequency of the input wave independent of
the input frequency.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are systems in which
the claimed subject matter is restricted to frequency doublers even though
the system singularly or in combination with similar systems may
be used as a frequency multiplier other than a doubler.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein a harmonic producing device comprises
a particular electron space discharge device or an element whose
respective impedance cannot be considered to be concentrated at
a point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal (typically
low magnitude DC) is regularly interrupted to form a pulsating
output waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a waveform is generated having the
shape produced by (a) a locus of points each of
which has an equal distance to a fixed line and a fixed point or (b) a
locus of points wherein the difference in distances from each point
to two fixed points is a constant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including the generation of a signal whose
amplitude increases or decreases between three or more discrete
steps at regular intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter including a gain producing device responsive
to the offset between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive
to voltages or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter including an element converting an alternating
current wave into a corresponding direct current wave.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for current conversion (including rectification) in
a power system which connects a single electrical source to a single
electrical load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal wave is modified
to or triggers an alternating current sinusoidal wave at the output.
(1)
Note. Included here are signals having a cosinusoidal
waveform.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for various systems for modifying electric currents
or potentials in combination with converting the varying electric currents
or potentials into sound waves for the production of musical tones.
Surgery,
subclasses 419+ for systems wherein the usual 60 Hz commercial alternating
current is converted to high frequency AC or pulsating current for
application to the human body.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 160 for structural details of a rotary mechanical AC
frequency converter and subclass 161 for phase shifter type rotary
AC dynamoelectric machines.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems,
subclasses 378+ and 391+ for systems which deflect a cathode
ray by a rotating electric field having conversion of pulse wave energy
to alternating wave energy, subclasses 200+ for
systems comprising a discharge device or rectifier in the supply
circuit of a gaseous tube or tubes where the output may be an alternating
circuit wave, subclasses 209+ for systems comprising
a periodic switch in the supply circuit of a gaseous tube or tubes
where the switch may be pulse controlled with the output an AC wave
and subclasses 246+ for systems comprising a pulsating
supply for gaseous tubes.
Oscillators, particularly
subclasses 37+ for systems comprising the combination of oscillator
with production of a beat frequency, subclass 45 for an oscillator
with polyphase output, and subclasses 172+ for
an oscillator combined with pulse actuated control or synchronization.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for signaling or indicating
devices responsive to pulse wave input and in which the output may
or may not be an alternating current.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for systems involving derectification, subclasses
148+ for systems including phase conversion, and
subclass 157 for systems including frequency conversion wherein
a single source is connected to a single load.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 1 through 58for pulse responsive systems, subclasses
62+ for systems for transmitting information including
frequency shift keying, and subclasses 75+ for
pulse responsive receivers.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 313+ for systems whereby an input modulated carrier
wave is modified by a wave derived from a local oscillator or other
source in such a manner as to obtain an output wave the frequency of
which is the sum or difference of the input wave and the modifying wave (i.e., a
beat frequency).
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. wherein the output waveform comprises an initial sloped
rise from a normal voltage level followed by a steady level which
is followed by a sloped return to the normal voltage level and where
the sloped portions are mirror images.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a waveform is generated having a
positive slope followed immediately by a negative slope.
(1)
Note. The positive slope is generally gradual (e.g., by
slowly charging a capacitor, etc.), and
the negative slope is generally much more rapid (e.g., by quickly
discharging a capacitor).
(2)
Note. The slopes of a sawtooth waveform produced
may only approximate a straight line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including a circuit portion which supplies
a particular level of electrical current therethrough or a circuit
portion having collector current matching in a pair of transistors
having their bases and emitters tied together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein the output is supplied to a device
producing a magnetic field which tends to inhibit any change in
current passing therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a signal is produced which will (a) maintain
a predetermined phase or frequency relationship between two sources of
waves, one source being an excitation or standard source (sync
source) and the other source being changed to achieve the
predetermined relationship; (b) provide
an initiate or stop operation to a device at a predetermined time; or (c) time (i.e., synchronize) the
operation of some electrical circuit or system.
Oscillators,
subclasses 20+ for synchronized automatic frequency stabilized
TV type oscillators, subclass 55 for synchronized plural
oscillators, subclass 87 for synchronized magnetron oscillators, subclass
145 for synchronized free running multivibrators, subclass
149 for synchronized free running blocking oscillators, and
subclass 153 for synchronized free running relaxation oscillators
in general.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a device provides either an initiate
or stop operation at a predetermined interval from a predetermined
starting time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein a circuit reacts to the supply of
power thereto or the removal of power therefrom.
(1)
Note. The change in supplied power may be of any
duration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein plural square wave signals having
precisely regulated amplitude and frequency are utilized to achieve
synchronization.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein a portion of the circuit output is
returned to an input.
(1)
Note. Positive feedback occurs when a portion of
an output signal is fed back in phase with the input to increase
amplification and possibly cause oscillation.
(2)
Note. Negative feedback occurs when a portion of
an output signal is fed back 180 degrees out of phase relative to
the input. This decreases amplification, stabilizes
circuit performance, and minimizes noise and distortion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter wherein a circuit compares the phase of
the output signal with a reference signal and converts any difference
into a correction voltage that changes the phase of the output so
it matches that of the reference or input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter wherein a device which pumps elemental positive
or negative electrical energy is included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a portion of an input signal is advanced
essentially unchanged to an output stage of the synchronizing circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein a circuit compares the phase of
the output signal with a reference signal and converts any difference
into a correction voltage that changes the phase of the output so
it matches that of the reference or input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter wherein a device which pumps elemental positive
or negative electrical energy is included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein the reference source controls the
clock output of the synchronizing circuit by a fractional part of
the period of an input signal periodic function or wave.
(1)
Note. The period of a periodic function or wave
is defined as 360 electrical degrees.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including a probabilistic factor in the generation
of a pulsating waveform which is repetitive or intermittent and
where an individual pulse has negligible transition times.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a pulse waveform which has undergone
attenuation or deformation is modified into an output pulse wave
form whose characteristics correspond to an original pulse waveform
prior to such attenuation or deformation.
(1)
Note. Usually a feedback or regenerative system
is utilized to reshape the distorted pulse wave form.
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter including circuitry which in response to
a particular input value produces a corresponding output value per
a standard mathematical relationship.
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter including an element which has the property
of opposing current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic
field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter which includes a device having the property
that, over a portion of its characteristic I-V
plot, increasing applied device voltage results in a decrease
in device current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the rise time or fall time of a pulse
is maintained constant or regulated in some manner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input pulse wave form consisting
of a series of pulses of a single polarity is converted to an output
wave form consisting of a plurality of pulses of alternate polarities.
(1)
Note. Such pulses are often referred to as bipolar.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including maintaining constant or varying
the length of individual pulses in a pulsating waveform which is
repetitive or intermittent and wherein an individual pulse has negligible
transition times.
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Subject matter including an element which has the property
of opposing current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic
field.
(1)
Note. The inductive element may be distributed or
lumped.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a pulse of energy is produced which
has simultaneously varying electric and magnetic fields which are
at right angles to each other.
(1)
Note. This includes, for example, the production
of pulsed RF or microwaves.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including a distributed parameter wave conveying
network or analogous structure or capacitive retention device with
a respective charge or discharge path through an oscillator which
slowly charges and rapidly discharges an inductor or capacitor through
a resistor to form a pulse.
(1)
Note. This subclass will not ordinarily contain
subject matter wherein the capacitor constitutes an element of a
free running relaxation oscillator circuit (such as provided
for in Class 331, Oscillators).
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including a distributed parameter wave conveying
network or analogous structure or capacitive retention device adapted to
be charged or discharged through the electron path of an electron
space discharge device to form a pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal from which the rectangular
or pulse output is derived comprises a signal having both positive
and negative portions.
(1)
Note. Typically, the AC signal is a sinusoidal
wave.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter comprising a circuit which will remain in
a distinct current conductive steady-state condition unless
toggled therefrom by a trigger input.
(1)
Note. The condition to which the circuit may be
toggled may itself be stable or it may be unstable.
(2)
Note. Detailed flip-flops, per
se, generally are contained herein; however, multifunctional
or programmable logic having a flip-flop is classified
in Class 326, subclasses 37+, and redundant
logic having a flip-flop is classified in Class 326, subclass
12.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclass 12 for redundant logic and flip-flop, subclasses
40 and 46 for programmable logic and flip-flop, and subclasses
59+ for logic circuits having three or more active states.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein the circuit incorporates elements
which exhibit a marked decrease in electrical resistance (to
essentially zero ohms) at a temperature less than or equal
to 30 K.
Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process, for high temperature (i.e., greater
than 30 K) superconductive apparatus, materials, or
processes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein an ambient force or field provides
a toggling stimulus to the stable state circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter which utilizes or varies the concentration
of electrons in p-type material or holes in n-type
material which accumulate at a pn semiconductor junction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter including a two-terminal unidirectionally
conductive semiconductor device having minority carriers which accumulate
at the pn junction when the diode is forward biased and which are
suddenly swept away as back biasing increases to a certain point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a device whose ratio of input voltage
to output voltage is directly proportional to the ratio of primary
windings to secondary windings therein or a magnetic core reactor
having reactance modified by varying the core saturation through
a superimposed unidirectional flux.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for nonlinear reactor systems (e.g., saturable) in
electrical transmission or interconnection systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes transformer
coupled feedback in which output current flows for only one half
cycle before the oscillation is halted due to blocking of the input
and the oscillation is resumed after the input becomes unblocked.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a transistor whose characteristic
on a current-voltage plot has a portion with a downward
slope.
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Subject matter wherein the transistor contains more than
three adjacent regions having differing conductivities.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a diode having a threshold voltage
above which the applied voltage must rise before the diode junction
breaks down allowing the current flow across the junction to suddenly
rise or including a voltage responsive two terminal semiconductor
device whose capacitance varies as a result of changes in the space
charge at a pn junction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a diode whose characteristic on
a current versus voltage plot (i.e., with
the current plotted on the Y axis and the voltage on the X axis) has
an "N"-shape.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a diode whose characteristic on
a current versus voltage plot (i.e., with
the current plotted on the Y axis and the voltage on the X axis) has
an "S"-shape.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein (a) a stable state
circuit with an initial number of stable states may be readily modified
to one having a different number of stable states or (b) a
stable state circuit with a fixed number of stable states can be readily
modified between differing input configurations.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including the establishment of a starting
condition in a stable state circuit, the restoration of
a stable circuit to a previous stable-state condition, or
the prevention of deterioration of an already established stable-state condition.
for protection of nonlinear solid-state signal
or circuit conditions against power or bias supply loss or perturbations, per
se, and see search notes thereunder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein a particular stable state is maintained
by charge storing elements which must be regularly recharged.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the bistable device includes a controlling
circuit section, otherwise known as the "master" stage
and a subsequent controlled section, known as the "slave" stage.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,
subclasses 115+ for counters and dividers including master-slave
circuits as transfer means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Subject matter which includes a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to
drain current involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes
in a p-type channel and electrons in an n-type
channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or
JFET characterized by having heavily doped impurity regions of one
type (e.g., p-type material), known
as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type
material) to form a pn junction, and (b) a
device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a
lightly doped substrate (e.g., p-type
material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g., n+ type
material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and
with a layer of insulating material (e.g., SiO2) grown
over the channel surface for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Subject matter which includes a semiconductive device which
has current flowing through both n and p-type material
and which has two or more emitter regions or two or more collector
regions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the input voltage required to cause
a change from a first stable state to a second stable state is distinctly
different from that required to cause a subsequent change from the
second stable state to the first stable state as a result of feedback.
(1)
Note. Electronic digital logic circuits which may
utilize hysteresis for noise margin enhancement are classified with the
logic circuits in Class 326.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter which includes a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to
drain current involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes
in a p-type channel and electrons in an n-type
channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or
JFET characterized by having heavily doped impurity regions of one
type (e.g., p-type material), known
as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type
material) to form a pn junction, and (b) a
device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a
lightly doped substrate (e.g., p-type
material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g., n+ type
material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and
with a layer of insulating material (e.g., SiO2) grown
over the channel surface for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter which includes a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to
drain current involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes
in a p-type channel and electrons in an n-type
channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or
JFET characterized by having heavily doped impurity regions of one
type (e.g., p-type material), known
as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type
material) to form a pn junction, and (b) a
device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a
lightly doped substrate (e.g., p-type
material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g., n+ type
material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and
with a layer of insulating material (e.g., SiO2) grown
over the channel surface for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter including (a) an FET device which
permits current conduction by attracting majority carriers to a
channel by an appropriate applied voltage and (b) an
FET device which inhibits current conduction by repelling majority
carriers away from a channel by an appropriate applied voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes a transistor
of the pnp type and a transistor of the npn type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including two active devices, each
capable of assuming a distinct current-conductive stable
state, the output of each device being coupled to the input
of the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the multivibrator has a clock input
and two additional inputs (the "J" and "K" inputs) which
jointly determine the output state of the multivibrator at the application
of a clock pulse using the following guidelines: (a) if
both "J" and "K" are "HIGH", the multivibrator
will change state; (b) if "J" and "K" are
both "LOW", the multivibrator will maintain
its current state; (c) if "J" = "HIGH" and "K" = "LOW", the
multivibrator will go to the "HIGH" state; and (d) if "J" = "LOW" and "K" = "HIGH", the
multivibrator will go to the "LOW" state.
(1)
Note. The "HIGH" state can be
considered analogous to a logic "1" and the "LOW" state
can be considered analogous to a logic "0."
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the multivibrator has two inputs (the "R" and "S") in
the RS case and also a third (the "T" input) in
the RST case and which inputs determine the output state of the
multivibrator according to the following guidelines: (a) if
the "S" is "HIGH" then the multivibrator
will go to the "HIGH" state; (b) if the "R" is "HIGH", then
the multivibrator will go to the "LOW" state; and (c) if
there is a "T" input present and it is "HIGH", the
multivibrator will change state from its previous value.
(1)
Note. A "HIGH" on both the "R" and the "S" inputs
simultaneously is not permitted.
(2)
Note. The "HIGH" state can be
considered analogous to a logic "1" and the "LOW" state
can be considered analogous to a logic "0."
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the multivibrator has a clock input
and an additional input (the "D" input) wherein
the output state of the multivibrator represents the state of the "D" input
just prior to the most recent clock pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including a specific active element at the
multivibrator signal insertion point, the signal extraction
point, or in the connection path between these two points.
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter including a conventional two-terminal
unidirectionally conductive active element in the input circuit, the
output circuit, or a cross coupling path of the multivibrator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter wherein a shunt-connected resistor
and capacitor pair is inserted in one of the mutually interconnected
paths.
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter wherein a device which directly relates voltage
to current is inserted in one of the mutually interconnecting paths.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including multiple solid-state devices
which are all of the npn or all of the pnp variety.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein a solitary active device is included
which possesses two or more spaced electrodes and in which current
flow therebetween comprises elemental negatively charged particles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein the circuit has a single stable state
which can be momentarily changed to an unstable state by the application
of a triggering signal, but which will revert to the stable
state after a predetermined time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including two circuit stages in which the
output of each stage is fed back to the input of the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a fraction of the period of an input
periodic wave signal (with one period represented as 360
degrees along the time axis) is maintained or shifted.
Oscillators,
subclasses 1+ for automatic frequency stabilization using phase
of frequency sensing means and for phase lock loop circuits in oscillator
circuits and systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the phase shift is varied dependent
upon the number or recurrences of a periodic input signal in a unit
of time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein correction is made to an input signal
phase shift to ensure that the output signal has a predetermined
phase shift.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the desired output phase shift is
obtained by applying changeable phase shifts to the input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the desired output phase shift is
obtained by applying a plurality of unchanging phase shifts to the
input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the phase shift change is effected
by the output of a circuit that obtains both the magnitude and sign
of the phase angle between two input voltages or currents.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the phase control is (a) continuously
changed or (b) modifiable (either automatically
or in response to an operator) to various fixed delays.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the variable or adjustable phase
shift control involves the state or condition of two related periodic
functions or two related points separated by a quarter of a cycle
or 90 electrical degrees.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a variable or adjustable phase shift
circuit produces plural output clock type waves wherein no two such
waves are permitted to be "on" simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a variable or adjustable phase control
device produces an output signal having an unchanging amplitude
relative to the input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter including (a) a circuit
which totals input pulses to produce an output signal each time
it receives a predetermined number of input pulses or (b) a
circuit which transfers its digital contents along plural storage
elements in a chain on the application of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is
returned to an input.
(1)
Note. Positive feedback occurs when a portion of
an output signal is fed back in phase with the input to increase
amplification and possibly cause oscillation.
(2)
Note. Negative feedback occurs when a portion of
an output signal is fed back 180 degrees out of phase relative to
the input. This decreases amplification, stabilizes
circuit performance, and minimizes noise and distortion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter including a circuit whose output represents
both the magnitude and sign of the phase angle between two input
voltages or currents.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a circuit amplifies only the differences
between two input signal voltages or currents and suppresses voltages
or currents appearing simultaneously on both inputs.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
via the rising or falling edge of a pulse signal.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of multiple outputs with a plurality of delay intervals.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of a single output with variable or selectable delay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a variable or adjustable device includes
a circuit which produces the sum of two or more quantities impressed
on it.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the time required for a signal to
travel between two points in a circuit is controlled by an element
which requires an external power supply other than the main input
signal for its operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the time required for a signal to
travel between two points in a circuit is controlled by an element
powered only by an input signal, without any bias voltage.
(1)
Note. A passive element (such as a capacitor, resistor, or
inductor), does not add any amplification or gain (i.e., it presents
some loss to the system).
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the phase shift control includes
the state or condition of two related periodic functions or two
related points separated by a quarter of a cycle or 90 electrical degrees.
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter wherein the phase relationship between an
output signal and an input signal is separated by a quarter of a
cycle or 90 electrical degrees.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the phase relationship between the
input and output signal is separated by a half of a cycle or 180
electrical degrees.
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Subject matter wherein a phase shift circuit produces plural
output clock type waves where no two such waves are permitted to
be "on" simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein an output alternating current signal
is controlled either by a phase shift or by suppressing output dependent
upon some phase.
(1)
Note. A flow of electricity which reaches a maximum
in one direction, decreases to zero, then reverses
itself and reaches a maximum in the opposite direction and this
cycle is continuously repeated is alternating current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an output signal is obtained at a
predetermined time interval subsequent to the application of an
input or control or initiating signal to a system.
(1)
Note. Delay controlled switching is classified below
with gating circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein undesired changes in circuit operation
due to, for example, temperature changes, component
structural differences, or power supply fluctuations are
offset.
(1)
Note. Regulating systems for controlling a load
as well as compensating circuits for protecting systems and semiconductor
structures against failure are found in Class 323.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclass 14 for logic circuits which maintain a fail-safe
condition against circuit breakdown and subclasses 21+ for
signal sensitivity or transmission integrity in logic circuitry.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein the delay time is determined by either (a) the
interval between the occurrence of leading or trailing edges of
a pulse signal or (b) the amount of time for the leading
or trailing edge of a pulse waveform to rise or fall to a particular
value.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 62 for motor speed control with time delay; subclasses
141+ for generator-fed motor systems controlled
by time delay; subclasses 283+ for time delay
for motor-reversing; and subclasses 445+ for
time delay control, per se, (e.g., automatic
starting/stopping).
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter including a particular circuit element or
structure requiring an external power supply other than the main
input signal for its operation and which produces some dynamic function
change (e.g., amplification) of
the applied input electrical signal basic characteristic.
(1)
Note. Examples of active circuit elements are transistors, tunnel
diodes, or SCR"s.
for a passive circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter wherein a circuit is included which totals
input pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a
predetermined number of input pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter wherein a circuit amplifies only the differences
between two input signal voltages or currents and suppresses voltages
or currents appearing simultaneously on both inputs.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of multiple outputs with a plurality of delay intervals.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of a single output with variable or selectable delay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter including a gas filled or partially or fully
evacuated (vacuum) device which regulates current
flow between spaced electrodes.
for time interval control using an electron tube
within an active circuit element or structure having a single output
with variable or selectable delay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter wherein a circuit element or structure is
powered only by an input signal without any bias voltage and produces
a desired modification of the input signal without adding any amplification
or gain (i.e., it presents some
loss to a system).
(1)
Note. Examples of passive devices are capacitors, resistors, and
inductors.
for an active circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Subject matter wherein the multiple delay intervals are
either (a) continuously changing or (b) changeable, automatically
or in response to an operator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Subject matter wherein at least one time interval is derived
from the time of propagation of a signal through a transmission
line type means (e.g., shift
register, cascade-connected nonlinear amplifier
stages, charge transfer element, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Subject matter including a particular circuit element or
structure requiring an external power supply other than the main
input signal for its operation and which produces some dynamic function
change (e.g., amplification) of
the applied input electrical signal basic characteristic.
(1)
Note. Examples of active circuit elements are transistors, tunnel
diodes, SCRs, or ICs.
for an active circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
for a passive circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein a circuit is included which totals
input pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a
predetermined number of input pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter including a circuit which amplifies only
the differences between two input signal voltages or currents and
suppresses voltages or currents appearing simultaneously on both
inputs.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
via the rising or falling edge of a pulse signal.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of a single output with variable or selectable delay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter including a gas filled or partially or fully
evacuated (vacuum) device which regulates current
flow between spaced electrodes.
for the use of an electron tube within an active
circuit element or structure to control the output waveform production
delay via the rising or falling edge of an input pulse.
for output waveform production delay using an electron
tube within an active circuit element or structure having a single
output with variable or selectable delay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter including one output where the delay time
is adjustable or may be chosen from multiple possibilities.
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter wherein the delay interval is derived from
the time of propagation of a signal through a transmission line
type means (e.g., shift
register, cascade-connected nonlinear amplifier
stages, charge transfer element, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter including a particular circuit element or
structure requiring an external power supply other than the main
input signal for its operation and which produces some dynamic function
change (e.g., amplification) of
the applied input electrical signal basic characteristic.
(1)
Note. Examples of active circuit elements are transistors, tunnel
diodes, SCRs, or ICs.
for an active circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
for a passive circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter wherein a circuit is included which totals
input pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a
predetermined number of input pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter including a circuit which amplifies only
the differences between two input signal voltages or currents and
suppresses voltages or currents appearing simultaneously on both
inputs.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
via the rising or falling edge of a pulse signal.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of multiple outputs with a plurality of delay intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to
drain current involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes
in a p-type material channel and electrons in an n-type
material channel.
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or
JFET characterized by having heavily doped impurity regions of one
type (e.g., p-type material), known
as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type
material) to form a pn junction, and (b) a
device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a
lightly doped substrate (e.g., p-type
material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g., n+ type
material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and
with a layer of insulating material (e.g., SiO2) grown
over the channel surface for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter including a gas filled, or partially
or fully evacuated (vacuum) device which regulates
current flow between spaced electrodes.
for the use of an electron tube within an active
circuit element or structure to control the output waveform production
delay via the rising or falling edge of the input pulse.
for output waveform production delay using an electron
tube within an active circuit element or structure having multiple
outputs with a plurality of delay intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter wherein a circuit element or structure is
powered only by an input signal, without any bias voltage
and produces a desired modification on the input signal without
adding any amplification or gain (i.e.,
it presents some loss to a system).
(1)
Note. Examples of passive devices are capacitors, resistors, and
inductors.
for an active circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
for a passive circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein the time interval is derived from
the time of propagation of a signal through a transmission line
type means (e.g., shift
register, cascade-connected nonlinear amplifier
stages, charge transfer element, etc.).
(1)
Note. Passive delay lines are included in this subclass.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclass 61 for logic circuits using an insulated gate charge
transfer device and subclasses 93+ for logic function circuits
including one or more stages clocked synchronously for transmitting
signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter including a particular circuit element or
structure requiring an external power supply other than the main
input signal for its operation and which produces some dynamic function
change (e.g., amplification) of
the applied input electrical signal basic characteristic.
(1)
Note. Examples of active circuit elements are transistors, tunnel
diodes, or SCR"s.
for an active circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
for a passive circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein a circuit is included which totals
input pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a
predetermined number of input pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter including a circuit which amplifies only
the differences between two input voltages or currents and suppresses
voltages or currents appearing simultaneously on both inputs.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
via the rising or falling edge of a pulse signal.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of multiple outputs with a plurality of delay intervals.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of a single output with variable or selectable delay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to
drain current involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes
in a p-type material channel and electrons in an n-type
material channel.
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or
JFET characterized by having heavily doped impurity regions of one
type (e.g., p-type material), known
as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type
material) to form a pn junction, and (b) a
device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a
lightly doped substrate (e.g., p-type
material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g., n+ type
material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and
with a layer of insulating material (e.g., SiO2) grown
over the channel surface for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter including a gas filled or partially or fully
evacuated (vacuum) device which regulates current
flow between spaced electrodes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein a circuit element or structure is
powered only by an input signal, without any bias voltage, and
produces a desired modification on the input signal without adding
any amplification or gain (i.e., it presents
some loss to a system).
(1)
Note. Examples of passive devices are capacitors, resistors, and
inductors.
for an active circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
for a passive circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an output waveshape is produced which
exhibits two distinct amplitude levels and where the transition
therebetween is rapid.
(1)
Note. The systems contained in this subclass and
the indented subclasses are very similar to those found in Class
331, Oscillators; the distinction being that the systems
in Class 331 are self sustaining or free running while those in
this class are not capable of self-sustained continuous
operation.
(2)
Note. Bias circuits of the pulsing type which establish
device operating points are classified with the bias circuits.
Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses for pulse producing systems wherein the
pulses are representative of a telegraph code, particularly
subclasses 17+ for such systems where a perforated tape or other
automatic device controls the production of the pulses, subclasses
2+ for systems where a keyboard is used to produce the pulses.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 106+ for class appropriate waveform or wave shape determinative
or pulse producing systems and subclasses 401+ for nonlinear
reactor systems.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems,
subclasses 137+ for polyphase AC supply and subclasses 246+ for
gaseous tube systems with pulsating or AC supply.
Oscillators, appropriate subclasses, for self-sustained
generators, particularly
subclasses 20+ for TV oscillators with automatic frequency stabilization, subclass
61 for oscillators with plural outputs of diverse waveforms, subclass
75 for oscillators combined with wave shaping networks in the output
circuit, subclass 87 for magnetron type oscillators with
pulse forming means in the control circuit thereof, subclasses
143+ for pulse forming networks of the relaxation oscillators
type, subclasses 165+ for shock excited resonant
circuit with pulse type keying, and subclasses 172+ for
synchronizing, triggering, or pulsing circuits
for oscillators.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses, particularly
subclasses 12.1 through 13.38for pulse responsive selective systems; subclasses
287-309 for electric signaling system with transmission
of a train of pulse signals; and subclasses 870.19-870.24
for pulse modulation telemetering systems.
Communications, Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio
Navigation), appropriate subclasses for pulse reflected wave systems, particularly
subclasses 118+ and 147+ for radar type systems involving
pulse generating for determining distance or direction.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 182+ for single and plural relays which are frequency responsive, subclass
185 for phase responsive relays, and subclass 186 for pulse
responsive relays.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclass 37 for miscellaneous telegraph systems using pulsating
currents and subclasses 59+ for transmitters with pulse
production.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter including multiple channels between a signal
input terminal and one or more output terminals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter wherein the output of each of the plural
paths or channels is fed to a common final output point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter wherein multiple separate output waveforms
are produced and appear at respective output terminals.
(1)
Note. The separate outputs may be of similar or
diverse wave shape or sign.
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject matter wherein the clock is applied to a distribution
network which distributes a plural series of precisely timed, repetitive
voltage pulses to plural devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter wherein one series of precisely timed, repetitive
voltage pulses of fixed frequency and amplitude or a signal containing information
is the sole input for creating a single clock output.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter including a magnetic core reactor having
reactance modified by varying the core saturation through a superimposed
unidirectional flux.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter including at least one electron space discharge
device whose performance depends upon the formation and control
of one or more rays of elemental negatively charged particles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter which incorporates a two-terminal
semiconductive device having minority carriers which accumulate
at a pn junction when the diode is forward biased and which are suddenly
swept away after back biasing increases to a certain point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter including a device transforming an AC signal
to a corresponding DC signal by a device permitting only unidirectional
current flow.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 107 for pulse producing systems of the passive type
and utilizing rectification or derectification.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems,
subclasses 200+ for discharge devices or rectifiers in the supply
circuit for gaseous tubes and subclass 272 for pulsating or AC supply
systems for gaseous tubes and including a rectifier in the control
circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter which includes an element which has the property
of opposing current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter which incorporates an electron discharge
device where a small amount of gas is ionized to permit current
flow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of an input signal
waveform is modified, maintained, or regulated
to produce the desired output signal.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclass 14 for amplitude compression and expansion systems (i.e., companders) and
subclasses 15, 16, 17.1+, and
81+ for passive element attenuator systems for controlling
signal amplitude.
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein an input signal amplitude is diminished
by an adjustable but typically unchanging factor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein (a) the output
signal amplitude is constrained by a maximum allowed level, a
minimum allowed level or both or (b) the upper
or lower amplitude extreme of the output signal is maintained at
a particular level.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclass 14 for amplitude compression and expansion systems (i.e., companders); and
subclasses 15, 16, 17.1+, and
81+ for passive element attenuator systems which control
signal amplitude.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 34 , 60, and 99+ for noise reduction
in pulse code modulation, transmitters, and receivers
and subclass 98 for automatic gain control in receivers.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 218+ , 278+, 296+, and
501+ for noise or interference elimination in analog communication
and subclasses 234+ for attenuators and automatic gain control
circuits in receiver or analog modulated frequency converters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or
clamping lessens or eliminates an intermittent spuriously generated
component from a signal.
(1)
Note. Recited noise override of the type associated
with gating or switching is classified with the gating or switching area
below.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 34 , 51, 57, 58, 60, and
99+ for noise reduction in pulse code modulated systems, systems
using pulsating current, pulse transmitters, AC
or pulse systems or receivers.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 63.1 through 65, 114.1-114.3, 218-225, 278.1-279.1, 283-288, 296-312, and subclasses
501-506 for noise or interference elimination in analog
communication systems (e.g., transmitter
and receiver at separate stations or transceivers, etc.).
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language
Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclass 233 for detection of speech in noise.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
subclasses 761 through 763+, 781 and 788 for correcting
digital data errors caused by random or burst noise signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping or clamping
of a signal transient is provided by a circuit which offers little
opposition to some frequencies or DC while blocking or attenuating
other frequencies.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 17.1+ through 20 for filters (usually passive) for
controlling amplitude, impedance matching, and
wave shaping; subclasses 24+ for passive wave
filters; and subclasses 213+ for active devices
determining passive filter characteristics.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 296+ and 339 for noise or interference elimination and
for filter coupling or decoupling of stages in receiver or analog
modulated signal frequency converter systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein transient or signal noise reduction
is performed in a return path between an output terminal and an
input terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes one or more
elements having an output which is not in direct proportion to its
input and having more than two electrodes as the only type of active
element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes one or more
two-terminal unidirectionally conductive devices as the
only type of active element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter including maintenance of the ratio of the
input to output signal magnitudes to a fixed value.
Amplifiers,
subclasses 278+ for linear amplifier automatic signal level and
gain control and subclasses 96 and 123 for amplitude limiting of amplifier
power supplies in linear systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter wherein a circuit is controlled by a signal
returned along a path between an output terminal and an input terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein an undesired waveform modification
is corrected or reduced by imposing amplitude constraints on the
waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or
clamping device is a component of either a signal insertion or extraction
point of a circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or
clamping permits the joining of two or more circuit sections together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter wherein the maximum or minimum value of an
output signal is held to a particular voltage level.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein a limiting, clipping, or clamping
structure is in a return path between an output terminal and an
input terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or
clamping utilizes a two-terminal unidirectionally conductive
device as the sole active circuit device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Subject matter wherein at least one of the diode elements
exhibits a sharp increase of current flow with increasing reverse
bias applied thereto or has an IV characteristic with a portion
where an increase in applied voltage results in a decrease of current
therethrough.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistor, Solid-State
Diodes), appropriate subclasses for solid-state devices, per
se, and particularly
subclasses 603+ for avalanche diodes, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or
clamping utilizes a three or more terminal solid-state
device as the sole active circuit device type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter which includes a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to
drain current involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes
in a p-type channel and electrons in an n-type
channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or
JFET characterized by having heavily doped impurity regions of one
type (e.g., p-type material), known
as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type
material) to form a pn junction, and (b) a
device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a
lightly doped substrate (e.g., p-type
material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g., n+ type
material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and
with a layer of insulating material (e.g., SiO2) grown
over the channel surface for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter including a device converting alternating
current to direct current or an impedance where the voltage to current
ratio is not directly related.
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of an output waveform
is kept at a fixed level independently of the amplitude of the input
waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Subject matter wherein a correction voltage is returned
from an output circuit to a control electrode in the input.
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein interconnection of two diverse circuits
having different ranges of acceptable signal values is made possible.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an output is proportional to a nonlinear
mathematical expression of an input signal.
(1)
Note. Characteristically the input signal is continuous
and slowly varying with the output signal usually bearing a mathematical
relationship to it.
(2)
Note. Boolean algebra functions and linear amplifiers
are excluded from this subclass.
(3)
Note. The input signals in this subclass do not
contain information (data) of any kind.
For data processing, see Search Class below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to the instantaneous rate of change of the input signal.
for signal discriminating (e.g., comparing
or selecting) without subsequent control and particularly subclasses
14+ for signal slope comparing or selecting.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing
and Calculating,
subclass 443 for a digital computer adapted to perform a differentiation
on an input and subclass 822 for an analog computer adapted to perform
a differentiation on an input.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation
Systems,
subclasses 212 through 219for miscellaneous phase control networks which
involve differentiating or integrating networks.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein the time integral function is determined
by a particular capacitor arrangement which is variable dependent
upon a connect/disconnect path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter including an electron tube which ejects electrons
by elevating the temperature of the tube cathode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein (a) a signal is
produced that represents a weighted sum of the input signal or (b) a
device is incremented or decremented at discrete intervals upon
receipt of the input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter including only one device with sealed envelope
which controls the flow of electrons between spaced electrodes through
a fully or partially evacuated space.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein an integration circuit is maintained
in its normal operating state or offsets any undesirable changes
in its circuitry.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter including a device that converts energy forms (other
than electrical) into an electrical energy signal.
(1)
Note. The other energy forms may be mechanical, thermal, hydraulic, chemical, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to an input signal that is raised to a particular algebraic power.
This subclass is indented under subclass 346. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to the input signal raised to the power of one half.
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to the square root of the average of the squares of the input signal
taken throughout one period.
(1)
Note. For example, in a sine wave, this value
is 0.707 times the peak value of the input waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 346. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to the input signal raised to the power of two or a multiple of
two.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing
and Calculating,
subclass 606 and 808 for the evaluation of powers by a digital
or analog electrical calculating computer, respectively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to an inverse exponential function of the input signal.
(1)
Note. Function generators for producing internal
logarithmic functions in analog computers are found elsewhere.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing
and Calculating,
subclasses 512 and 517 for digital computer manipulation of operands
having a logarithmic format and subclass 851 for analog computer
generated logarithmic function signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter including an arrangement of two or more similar
circuits or stages in which an output of one circuit provides an
input to the next circuit.
(1)
Note. Function generators for producing internal
logarithmic functions in analog computers are found elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced that
represents the algebraic sum of applied input signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter including a device with sealed envelope which
controls the flow of electrons between spaced electrodes through
a fully or partially evacuated space.
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein an output signal is proportional
to the negative of an input signal, if the input signal
is negative, and is proportional to an input signal, if
the input signal is positive.
(1)
Note. Usually, the output to input magnitude
ratio is unity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the output is a resultant function
of mathematically operating on two or more input signals.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 140+ for electricity measuring and testing systems which
contain plural inputs (e.g., summation, ratio).
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing
and Calculating,
subclasses 620+ for digital computer multipliers and subclasses
835+ for analog computer multipliers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 356. Subject matter wherein the output signal represents an analog
multiplication performed on input signals having positive or negative
polarities.
This subclass is indented under subclass 356. Subject matter wherein a circuit amplifies only the differences
between the two input signals and suppresses the input signals when
they have identical signals.
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CLASS 327,![[List of Patents for class 327 subclass 1]](../ps.gif)
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