SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
This class deals with generating, processing, transmitting
or transiently displaying a sequence of images, either
locally or remotely, in which the local light variations
composing the images may change with time (e.g., natural
"live" scenes) by methods involving the following steps:
Step 1. The scanning of an object or a scene by
partitioning the object or scene into subareas of image information (e.g., pels
or pixels) and generating therefrom an electrical signal
representative of an image.
Step 2. The transient display of an object or a
scene image by converting an electrical signal representative of
the object image (i.e., video
signal) into a visible image of the object.
In this class, the sequence of images is intended
to portray motion with exception of special television type systems
that produce a sequence of still images from a conventional television
system (e.g., videophone, slow scan, film
retrieval, and security systems). These
special television systems normally select an image from a sequence
of images of a conventional television system and normally use a
transient display (e.g., CRT
or liquid crystal).
Facsimile images are normally of a fixed scene (e.g., document) that
do not form a sequence, cannot portray motion, and
normally the display is fixed (e.g., hard copy). (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
In television recording, the sequence of images are dynamically
recorded for later reproduction.
SUBCOMBINATIONS OF TELEVISION SYSTEMS
This class includes circuits specially designed for dealing
with a peculiar component of the television signal (e.g., sync
or chrominance), as distinct from merely signals
of a particular frequency range.
Electrical circuits that are not specific to television which
may constitute subcombinations of such apparatus are classified
in the appropriate class for such circuits.
For a video camera or television receiver having a static storage
device as subcombination, see Subclass References to the
Current Class, below.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
COMBINATIONS OF OTHER APPARATUS WHICH INCLUDE APPARATUS OF
THIS CLASS
This class does not include the following subject matter:
1. Systems in which legible alphanumeric or like
character forms are analyzed according to step 1 above to derive
an electric signal from which the character is recognized by comparison
with stored information are classified elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
2. Systems for the direct photographic copying of
an original picture in which an electric signal representative of
a characteristic of the picture is derived and employed to modify
the operation of the system are classified elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
3. Systems for the reproduction, according
to step 2, of images comprising alphanumeric or computer
generated graphics and systems for the conversion of a computer generated
signal into a television signal are classified elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
4. Systems for the dynamic recording, or
reproducing, of black and white television using a nonmagnetic medium, systems
for the dynamic recording or reproducing of color television, and
systems for photographing displayed images are classified elsewhere. (See References
to Other Classes, below.)
5. Systems for the dynamic recording or reproducing
of black and white images from magnetic media (e.g., magnetic
tape) are classified elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
For related elements or systems, see References to
Other Classes, below.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 231+, | and 714+, for a video camera or
television receiver having a static storage device as subcombination. |
SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 596+ for measuring and testing an apparatus including acoustic
imaging. |
| 128, | Surgery,
subclasses 4+ for endoscopes in general. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 200+ and 216+ for photocells, circuits
and optics therefor, and subclasses 330+ and 338+ for
devices responsive to invisible radiation. |
| 312, | Supports: Cabinet Structure,
subclass 7.2 for television cabinets. |
| 313, | Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclasses 364+ for cathode-ray tubes. |
| 315, | Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices:
Systems,
subclasses 1+ for cathode-ray tube circuits. |
| 318, | Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclasses 41 and 85 for synchronization circuitry. |
| 324, | Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 76.12 for analysis of complex waves. |
| 327, | Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous nonlinear
active device circuits. |
| 329, | Demodulators,
subclasses 311+ , 315+, 345+, and
347+ for pulse frequency, phase, or amplitude
demodulators, respectively. |
| 330, | Amplifiers,
subclass 11 for DC reinsertion circuit, subclasses
127+ for control of power supply, and subclass
149 for noise compensation. |
| 331, | Oscillators,
subclasses 20 and 172 for television type oscillator synchronization. |
| 332, | Modulators, various subclasses for modulators. |
| 333, | Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 14 and 24+ for companders and coupling networks. |
| 334, | Tuners, various subclasses for tuners, per se. |
| 341, | Coded Data Generation or Conversion, appropriate subclasses for A/D or D/A
conversion. |
| 342, | Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio
Navigation),
subclasses 1 through 205for radar systems. |
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems, for systems for the reproduction, according
to the Class 348 Class Definition, step 2, of
images comprising alphanumeric or computer generated graphics and systems
for the conversion of a computer generated signal into a television
signal. (Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, "Combinations of Other Apparatus Which Include
Apparatus of This Class"). |
| 346, | Recorders,
subclasses 150.1+ for electric recording of phenomenon, particularly
subclasses 150.2 for electric discharge and 150.3 for
electrochemical, subclasses 134 for particular record receivers, subclasses
139+ for scanning devices for markers, and subclasses 107.1+ for
light or beam recording of phenomenon. |
| 347, | Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information,
subclasses 112+ for electrostatic marking, particularly
subclasses 129+ for photo scanning, subclasses
224+ for light beam marking. |
| 355, | Photocopying,
subclass 38 for systems for the direct photographic copying
of an original picture in which an electric signal representative of
a characteristic of the picture is derived and employed to modify
the operation of the system. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, "Combinations of Other Apparatus Which
Include Apparatus of This Class"). |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 3+ for range or distance measurement, subclasses 241.1+ for
borescopes, subclasses 426+ and 237.1+ for
inspection devices, and subclasses 402+ for shade
or color measuring. |
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, appropriate subclasses for transmitting, processing, or
reproducing a permanent picture, and particularly
subclass 479 wherein the image signal is generated by a television
type camera. (See References to Other Classes, above.) |
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements, various subclasses for optical devices, especially
subclass 1 for holography, and
subclasses 196.1 through 226.3for holographic deflectors, subclasses 196.1
through 226.3 and 887 for light beam deflectors and sequentially
additive filters. |
| 360, | Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 9.1+ , 14.1+, 19.1, and 33.1+ for
dynamic magnetic recorders peculiar to non-color television
signal processing. (Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, "Combinations of Other Apparatus Which
Include Apparatus of This Class"). |
| 361, | Electricity: Electrical Systems and
Devices,
subclass 243 for synchronization of shafts and subclasses 173+ and
211 for a photosensitive device in circuits for electromagnets. |
| 365, | Static Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate subclasses. The storage of
information, which includes video signal processing, is
excluded from this class. |
| 369, | Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for recording or reproducing
information absent any feature peculiar to video processing. |
| 370, | Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses for multiplex systems in
general. |
| 375, | Pulse or Digital Communications, for communication using pulse or digital signals which
do not include video signals, with particular exception, digital
television bandwidth compression are classified in
subclasses 240.01 through 240.29. |
| 378, | X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,
subclasses 98.2+ for systems which deal with television signals. |
| 379, | Telephonic Communications, for communication by telephone which do not include
videophone. |
| 380, | Cryptography, especially
subclasses 200 through 242for cryptographic video equipment and techniques. |
| 382, | Image Analysis, appropriate subclass for pattern recognition or
alphanumeric character sensing. |
| 382, | Image Analysis, for systems in which legible alphanumeric or like
character forms are analyzed according to the Class 348 Class Definition, step
1, to derive an electric signal from which the character
is recognized by comparison with stored information. (Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combinations
of Other Apparatus Which Include Apparatus of This Class"). |
| 386, | Motion Video Signal Processing for Recording or
Reproducing, appropriate subclasses for recording television
or video signals for retrieval at a later time. |
| 396, | Photography, appropriate subclasses for a camera which when actuated
uses light to record a chemically developable image or subcombinations
thereof. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, in the class definition therein for the line with
Class 348. |
| 398, | Optical Communications, various subclasses for optical communication. |
| 409, | Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing,
subclasses 2+ , 79+, 245+, and
289+ for a pattern controlled device including scanning. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for process, composition, and
product involving radiation imagery chemistry. |
| 434, | Education and Demonstration,
subclass 307 for teaching devices including television combinations. |
| 439, | Electrical Connectors, for electrical connectors, per se. |
| 455, | Telecommunications, various subclasses for radio transmission or reception. |
| 700, | Data Processing: Generic Control Systems
or Specific Applications,
subclasses 90 through 306for the application of a computer in various combinations
that may include use of television equipment, as in, for
example, subclasses 95-212 product manufacturing, and subclasses
245-264 for data processing of robot control systems. |
| 702, | Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, for the application of a computer in measuring, testing, or
calibrating apparatus that may include use of television equipment. |
| 704, | Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language
Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclasses 200+ for artificial intelligence systems that process speech
signals. |
| 706, | Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence, various subclasses for artificial intelligence systems
that represent, apply, and acquire knowledge and
subclasses 15+ for neural networks and circuits. |
| 709, | Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer
Data Transferring, appropriate subclassesfor data transmission among plurality of spatially
distributed computers or digital data processing systems and FOR
101 for foreign art collection of computer-bases communication
engineering which may include object defection or tracking. |
| 714, | Error Detection/Correction and Fault
Detection/Recovery, appropriate subclasses for digital data error in
general. |
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
BASIC RECEIVER
A receiver for converting incoming electric signals into television
pictures and the associated sound.
BURST
Also called reference burst, the portion of
the composite or noncomposite color-picture signal, comprising
a few cycles of a sine wave of chrominance subcarrier frequency, that
is used to establish a reference for demodulating the chrominance
signal.
COMPOSITE COLOR SIGNAL
A color picture signal with all blanking and synchronizing
signals. Including luminance and chrominance components; vertical- and
horizontal-sync pulses; vertical- and
horizontal-blanking pulses; and the color burst signal, with
or without accompanying audio.
COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL
A signal in television that conveys all of the intelligence present
in the image together with the synchronizing information (e.g., vertical
and horizontal pulses) with or without audio information.
CONVENTIONAL CHANNEL
A portion of the spectrum assigned for the standard operation
of a specific carrier and the minimum number of sidebands necessary
to convey intelligence.
FORMAT
The particular method for combining the time variable video
signal with a synchronizing signal to allow reconstruction of an
image from the originating video signal.
FREQUENCY DOMAIN
A way of looking at the frequency of waveform components.
IMAGE SENSOR
A generic name for both cathode-ray tube and
solid-state imaging devices which converts an optical image of
an object into an electrical signal representative of the object
image.
KEYSTONING
A distorted scanning pattern, with a top wider
than the bottom or vice versa, produced when the electron
beam in the television camera tube is at angle with the principal
axis of the tube.
PICKUP TUBE
A television camera tube consists of a cathode-ray
tube which includes vidicon, orthocon, iconoscope, or
plumbicon (i.e., vidicon with
lead-oxide target, trademark of N. V. Philips
of Holland).
PIXEL OR ELEMENT RATE
The smallest distinguishable and resolvable area in an image.
SCANNING
The successive analyzing or synthesizing, according
to a predetermined method, the light values or equivalent characteristics
of elements constituting a picture area.
SOLID-STATE IMAGING DEVICE
A device that uses a mosaic of tiny light-sensitive
semiconductors (photo-transistors) to
produce individual outputs which are then converted into a coherent
video signal.
SPATIAL CONTENT, DOMAIN
The content of a single video image.
TEMPORAL CONTENT
The content of the image is changed with respect to time.
VIDEO SIGNAL
A signal in television derived from optical image (e.g., active
video).
SUBCLASSES
![[List of Patents for class 348 subclass 14.01]](../ps.gif) 14.01 | TWO-WAY VIDEO AND VOICE COMMUNICATION (E.G., VIDEOPHONE): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a bidirectional communication
of both image signal and accompanying speech signal over a transmission
line.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 725, | Interactive Video Distribution Systems,
subclass 99 for user-requested video program using
a telephone network, subclass 106 for telephony via a television
distribution network, and subclass 122 for detail of return
path via telephone network in video distribution with upstream communication. |
|
| | |
| 14.03 | User Interface (e.g., touch
screen menu): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Subject matter wherein a user input command to select
videophone relating functions.
| | (1)
Note. For example, the user can input command
through a touch sensor on a display. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 715, | Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 733 through 759for concurrently established related or collaborative
user interfaces including computer conferencing and computer supported
cooperative work. |
|
| | |
| 14.06 | Answering machine: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Subject matter having provision for storing voice and
video information for retrieval at a later time.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 379, | Telephonic Communications,
subclasses 67.1 through 88.28for audio message storage, retrieval, or
synthesis in telephone communication, per se. |
| 386, | Motion Video Signal Processing for Recording or
Reproducing, appropriate subclasses for recording television or
video signals for retrieval at a later time. |
|
| | |
| 14.08 | Conferencing (e.g., loop): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Subject matter wherein three or more terminals intercommunicate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclasses 733 through 747for computer conferencing with visual display. |
| 370, | Multiplex Communications,
subclasses 260 through 269for conferencing with significant multiplexing techniques. |
| 379, | Telephonic Communications,
subclass 202 for three or more terminals on distinct subscriber
lines to be included in a single call connection. |
| 709, | Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer
Data Transferring,
subclasses 204 through 207for multiple computer conferencing with significant
data processing. |
|
| | |
| 14.11 | Switching: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Subject matter including a structure for selectively connecting
a conversational video call to a receiving station. |
| | |
| 14.13 | Compression or decompression: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 14.12. Subject matter including particular details of transmission
scheme for reducing or reconstructing transmission bandwidth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 384.1 | through 440.1, for analog television signal bandwidth reduction
system. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 370, | Multiplex Communications,
subclass 477 for transmission bandwidth conservation and subclass
521 for time compression of expansion for multiplex signals. |
| 375, | Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 240.01 through 240.29for digital television signal bandwidth reduction
or expansion. |
| 382, | Image Analysis,
subclasses 232 through 253for image compression or coding. |
| 704, | Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language
Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclasses 500 through 504for audio signal bandwidth or time reduction or
expansion. |
|
| | |
| 14.15 | Field or frame difference (e.g., moving frame): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 14.12. Subject matter wherein transmitted image information represents
only changes from a previous image.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 412.1, | 413.1, and 415.1-417.1, for
analog television bandwidth reduction involving difference transmission which
may include field or frame difference. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 375, | Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 240.12 through 240.17for digital television predictive bandwidth reduction
which may include field or frame difference. |
|
| | |
| 21 | PLURAL TRANSMITTER SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS (E.G., INTERFERENCE REDUCTION): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including two or more transmitters with means
or method for reducing interference between the transmitters.
| | (1)
Note. Such methods include frequency offsets and
special formats. | |
| | |
| 22 | SLOW SCANNING TRANSMISSION (E.G., STILL
FRAME): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter involving a periodic or selective transmission
of single video frames during a period greater than the period required for
a portrayed motion.
| | (1)
Note. A portrayed motion requires at least 8 frames
per second. In a television system, 25 or 30 frames
per second are mostly used. |
| | (2)
Note. A system included herein is normally intended
for use with a telephone system, but the telephone system
is not claimed. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 17, | for two way conversational television systems which
may use a slow scanning transmission technique, and see particularly
subclass 18 for a still frame transmission. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclasses 500 through 540for facsimile scanning and subclass 479 for facsimile
video scanning. |
|
| | |
| 23 | Color TV: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter wherein the transmitted video signal includes
portions indicating the existing color of an original object or
scene. |
| | |
| 24 | PLURAL STILL IMAGES OVER CONVENTIONAL CHANNEL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a system which forms a series
of unrelated images at convention frame rates and a receiver which selectively
grabs one frame for display.
| | (1)
Note. The frame selected is selected as the viewer
watches a program. The systems classified herein often
are selected when the frame code matches a viewer selected code. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 473, | for formats and systems that add an unrelated image
to a conventional video program. |
| 559, | for frame grabbing, in general. |
|
| | |
| 25 | IMAGE FALSIFICATION TO IMPROVE VIEWER PERCEPTION OF SELECTIVE OBJECT (E.G., MOVING
OBJECT OR TARGET): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter involving a system wherein a picture is presented
or processed in such a manner as to enable a viewer to quickly perceive
selected information in the picture.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are systems that subtract
two images to present the difference, such as motion, or
subtract a polarized image from a nonpolarized image to present
objects that polarize light. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 578, | for special effect devices that modify an image
to please a viewer. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 382, | Image Analysis,
subclasses 254+ for image enhancement or restoration. |
|
| | |
| 26 | Contour generator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein a display is produced in the form
of a line drawing, a line being generated as a result of
the interconnection of points exhibiting substantial changes between
adjacent pixels.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclass 558 for stereoplotters. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 2 for contour plotters in which the contour is recorded
from stereoscopic images. |
|
| | |
| 27 | Quantizer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein a picture signal is separated into
discrete amplitudes to expand the difference between selected information
and background.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 405, | for bandwidth reduction involving transform coding
adaptive quantizer. |
| 418, | for bandwidth reduction involving difference transmission
with vector quantization. |
| 422, | for bandwidth reduction involving vector quantization. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 382, | Image Analysis,
subclasses 270+ for image transformation or pre-recognition
using adaptive quantization or variable thresholding. |
|
| | |
| 28 | Selective contrast expander: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein a picture signal has (a) a
selected geometrical area with a gray scale which is extended generally
to a full range or (b) a selected range of gray
scale which is extended generally to a full range to enable a viewer
to perceive a selected object from a similar background. |
| | |
| 29 | False color: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter including a color display with a presentation
or processing that uses differences in color to accentuate different
information in an image.
| | (1)
Note. An example of a system found herein is a movement
detection system that presents one field in green and the other
in magenta (blue and red) such that stationary
objects are in black and white and moving objects are outlined in
color. |
| | (2)
Note. A system that maps different gray levels to
arbitrary colors is found in subclass 34 (pseudo color
including intensity to color conversion) regardless of the
statement of intent to provide a colored display or to present data
for easier presentation. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for pseudo color including intensity to color conversion. |
|
| | |
| 30 | Hue expander: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter including means for mapping a narrow area
of the hue circle into a larger area of the hue circle.
| | (1)
Note. For example, if the center of the narrow
area is red after hue expanding, red input will be displayed
as red, purple input will be displayed as blue, and orange
input will be displayed as yellow. | |
| | |
| 31 | BACK SCATTER REDUCTION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to minimize an adverse effect
on a reproduced picture due to the presence of an imperfect optical medium
between an object being viewed and a camera.
| | (1)
Note. Examples of imperfect optical medium are turbid
water or atmospheric fog which may scatter light transmitted between
the camera and the object, the reduction of backscattered
light may be obtained by gating a camera during a period corresponding
to the round trip transit time of light from the light source to
the object and back to the camera. | |
| | |
| 32 | PSEUDO COLOR: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including generating, transmitting, recording, reproducing, or
displaying a picture representative signal which includes portions
indicating arbitrarily assigned color.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 378, | X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,
subclass 100 for color television display of X-ray
density. |
|
| | |
| 35 | PSEUDO BLACK AND WHITE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including generating, transmitting, recording, reproducing, or
displaying a picture representative signal which includes portions
indicating arbitrarily assigned gray level representative of color. |
| | |
| 36 | PANORAMIC: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means for generating television
information for a wide-angle field of view.
| | (1)
Note. The wide-angle field of view should
be greater than the television wide aspect ratio (e.g., 16:9). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 432, | for bit-rate reduction with added video
information in standard channel format. |
| 903, | for side panel information in single channel. |
| 904, | for separation or joining of side and center panels. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclasses 69+ for panoramic motion picture apparatus. |
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclass 725 for panoramic lenses. |
| 396, | Photography,
subclass 436 for panoramic cameras. |
|
| | |
| 38 | Multiple channels: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter wherein more than one transmission path is
used to provide simultaneously plural portions of the scene.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 388, | for a multiple channel bandwidth reduction system. |
|
| | |
| 39 | With observer selected field of view: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter having provision for a user to select a portion
of the whole scene to be displayed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 445, | for format conversion between aspect ratios. |
| 556, | for receiver with additional function to receive
signals of different aspect ratio. |
|
| | |
| 40 | HOLOGRAPHIC: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the picture signal includes information
derived from an object wave formed by the resulting interference
pattern of two mutually coherent component light beams.
| | (1)
Note. In the holographic process a coherent beam
is first split into two component beams, one of which irradiates
a recording medium. The diffraction or scattering of the
first component beam by the object forms the object wave which proceeds
to, and interferes with, the second component
beam or reference wave at the medium. The resulting pattern
is a three-dimensional record (hologram) of
the object wave. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 1+ for optical holographic system or element, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 41 | Color TV: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the picture signal is displayed in
a hue as contrasted with black, white, or gray. |
| | |
| 42 | STEREOSCOPIC: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the picture signal also includes
portions indicating the three-dimensional nature of the
original object or scene.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclass 86 for motion picture apparatus wherein an illusion
of depth is presented. |
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 462+ for optical elements to give a three-dimensional
effect. |
| 396, | Photography,
subclasses 324+ for stereoscopic photography. |
|
| | |
| 43 | Signal formatting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter including an arrangement for combining video
signals representing different viewing positions for transmission.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 469+, | for television signal formatting, per se. |
|
| | |
| 44 | Pseudo: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter wherein an image signal is modified to simulate
a three-dimensional image. |
| | |
| 45 | Endoscope: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter wherein a stereoscopic picture signal generator
is combined with an instrument which is used for the medical inspection of
the interior of a human body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 65+, | for non-stereoscopic endoscope. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 241.1+ for borescope. |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclasses 117+ for imaging optical fiber bundle for use in endoscope. |
| 600, | Surgery,
subclasses 101+ for endoscopes in general. |
|
| | |
| 46 | Picture signal generator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter including means for scanning an object or
scene and deriving in response thereto a stereoscopic picture signal. |
| | |
| 49 | Single camera with optical path division: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter including an arrangement for optically combining
different views for presentation to a single scanning device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 343, | for camera optical multiplexing. |
| 344, | for camera optical path switching. |
|
| | |
| 51 | Stereoscopic display device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter including means for converting an image representative
electrical signal (i.e., video
signal) of an object or scene into a visible image. |
| | |
| 53 | Viewer attached: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter wherein the display device is mounted on
a support adapted to be worn by a user at the level of his field
of view. |
| | |
| 56 | With alternating shutters: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the different views are presented
to respective eyes of the viewer by the use of shutters alternately
opening and closing. |
| | |
| 57 | With alternating polarization: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the different views are presented
to respective eyes of the viewer by the use of at least one polarizing
filter whose axis of polarization is alternately changed. |
| | |
| 58 | Separation by polarization: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein the different views are presented
to respective eyes of the viewer by the use of at least one optical
device which vibrates a light ray passed therethrough in accordance
with a particular orientation pattern. |
| | |
| 59 | Separation by lenticular screen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein the different views are presented
to respective eyes of the viewer by the use of a screen comprising
multiple lens elements. |
| | |
| 60 | Separation by color (i.e., anaglyphic): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein the different views are presented
to respective eyes of the viewer by the use of contrasting color
filters on each eye, usually red on one eye and blue or
green on the other. |
| | |
| 61 | SPECIAL APPLICATIONS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including modification of or addition to
an ordinary television system to adapt that system to a specific
use. |
| | |
| 62 | Aid for the blind: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a particular representation is generated
in a form (a) which is to be principally interpreted
by a sense other than the sense of sight or (b) which
is easy to perceive by an individual having partial loss of sight.
| | (1)
Note. Examples of nonvisible displays are a matrix
of mechanical or electrical elements which selectively apply pressure
or voltage to portions of a person and electrodes which may be implanted into
appropriate areas of the brain. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 434, | Education and Demonstration,
subclasses 112+ for reading devices for the blind. |
| 623, | Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial
Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids
and Accessories Therefor, appropriate subclasses for artificial body members, including
seeing aids for the blind. |
|
| | |
| 63 | Image magnifying: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter wherein the reproduced picture of a viewed
object is greater in dimension than the viewed object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 561, | for receiver processing circuitry for magnification
of part of image. |
| 581, | for special effect, geometric transformation
of size. |
|
| | |
| 64 | Combined electronic sensing and photographic film cameras: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator is combined
with a photographic still or motion picture camera to provide a
visible indication of the scene being photographed (e.g., remote
viewing by an operator or a director).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclass 131 for motion picture cameras combined with a diverse
type device. |
|
| | |
| 65 | With endoscope: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator is combined
with an instrument which is used for the medical inspection of the
interior of a human body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 45, | for stereoscopic endoscope. |
| 82+, | for television systems for use in inaccessible locations
such as pipeline or borehole. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 128, | Surgery,
subclasses 4+ for endoscopes in general. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 241.1+ for borescope. |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclasses 117+ for imaging optical fiber bundle for use in endoscope. |
|
| | |
| 66 | Dental: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generator is combined
with the endoscope for the examination of teeth or gum.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 433, | Dentistry,
subclasses 29+ for apparatus having means to emit radiation or facilitate
viewing of the work. |
|
| | |
| 67 | Laser: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein an endoscopic light source is provided
by an optical resonator which utilizes the natural oscillations
of atoms or molecules between energy levels to transform an incoherent
light into a very narrow, intense beam of coherent electromagnetic
radiation in the ultraviolet, visible, or infrared regions
of the spectrum.
| | (1)
Note. Laser is an acronym for "Light Amplification
by Stimulated Emission of Radiation." |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 372, | Coherent Light Generators, for laser, per se. |
| 606, | Surgery,
subclasses 2+ for light application instruments. |
|
| | |
| 68 | Illumination: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein an optical arrangement is used to
direct a light source or to control the intensity of a light source
projected on the inspected surface of a human body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 370+, | for television camera with object or scene illumination. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclass 203.2 for photocell control illumination of a target
by artificial light source and subclasses 227.29, 227.3, 227.31, and 227.32
for light conductor with particular illumination. |
| 362, | Illumination, appropriate subclasses for illumination structure
details. |
| 600, | Surgery,
subclasses 101+ for endoscope illumination for use in surgery. |
|
| | |
| 69 | Controlled by video signal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter wherein the generated picture signal is fed
back to the light source to regulate the intensity of light projected
on the inspected surface of the human body. |
| | |
| 70 | Color sequential illumination: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter wherein the picture signal is displayed in
a hue as a result of a sequential illumination of an object by different
wavelengths (e.g., red, green, blue, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 269, | for camera with color sequential illumination. |
|
| | |
| 71 | Color TV: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the picture signal is displayed in
a hue as contrasted with black, white, or gray. |
| | |
| 73 | External camera: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generator is placed
outside of the endoscope. |
| | |
| 75 | Adaptor or connector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter including an auxiliary structure for coupling
the endoscope to the picture signal generator or to another apparatus
or system. |
| | |
| 77 | Human body observation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the television system is specifically
used for examining a person in total or part.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 396, | Photography,
subclasses 14+ for eye, mouth, or body photography. |
|
| | |
| 78 | Eye: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein the human body being observed is
an organ of sight.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 351, | Optics: Eye Examining, Vision
Testing and Correcting,
subclasses 206+ for eye examining or testing including eye photography. |
|
| | |
| 79 | Microscope: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the television system is combined
with an optical instrument which generates enlarged images of minute
objects.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 368+ for microscope, per se. |
|
| | |
| 80 | Electronic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter wherein the microscope utilizes an electron
beam for the observation and recording of submicroscopic samples.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclass 311 for electron microscope, per se. |
|
| | |
| 81 | Underwater: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator is mounted
on or enclosed within an apparatus permitting placement of the generator
in an environment below the surface of the water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 294, | Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclass 66.2 for an underwater television camera, nominally
claimed, in combination with underwater handling equipment. |
| 396, | Photography,
subclasses 25+ for underwater-type photographic cameras. |
| 398, | Optical Communications,
subclasses 104 through 105for underwater optical communication. |
|
| | |
| 82 | Hazardous or inaccessible: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator is enclosed
in or provided with structure to permit its use in environments
of extreme heat or radiation or where access is not possible by humans
or an ordinary television system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 65+, | for picture signal generators employed in endoscopes. |
| 81, | for picture signal generators used in underwater
environments. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 138, | Pipes and Tubular Conduits,
subclass 97 for apparatus to locate and repair cracks in pipes
that may utilize television. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 241.1+ for bore inspection utilizing optical elements. |
|
| | |
| 83 | Furnace (e.g., nuclear
reactor, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter wherein the hazardous environment is an enclosed
structure in which relatively intense heat is produced.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 976, | Nuclear Technology, digest 235 for monitoring, testing, or
maintaining a structural combination of reactor core or a moderator
structure with viewing means which may be a television camera. |
|
| | |
| 84 | Pipeline: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter wherein the inaccessible environment is a
tubular conduit. |
| | |
| 85 | Borehole: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter wherein the inaccessible environment is a
hole drilled in the earth (e.g., an exploratory
well).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 33, | Geometrical Instruments,
subclasses 302 and 304+ for borehole directions indications. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 152.01+ for instruments for borehole studies. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 64 and 66 for well apparatus including measuring, testing, or
indicating means and subclasses 250.01+ for well
processes including measuring, testing, or indicating. |
| 175, | Boring or Penetrating the Earth,
subclasses 40+ for a process +or means of measuring or
testing combined with an earth boring process or apparatus. |
| 181, | Acoustics,
subclasses 102+ for well exploration by use of seismic prospecting
systems which do not involve the handling of electric signals that contain
geophysical information. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 256+ for ray energy detection or measurement (including
detection or measurement of radioactive materials) applied
to a borehole or drilling study. |
| 324, | Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 323+ for electrical testing of boreholes. |
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 853.1+ for telemetering in wells. |
| 367, | Communications, Electrical:
Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices,
subclasses 25+ for seismic well logging using acoustic wave responsive
electrical means. |
|
| | |
| 86 | Manufacturing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator (i.e., television
camera) is utilized for monitoring a manufacturing operation.
| | (1)
Note. Patents included in this subclass contain
detailed structure of the television system and nominal or no specific recitation
of machine or tool structure. Patents with detailed structure
of the tool or machine are classified according to the tool or machine
structure. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 382, | Image Analysis,
subclasses 141+ for manufacturing using image analysis. |
|
| | |
| 87 | Electronic circuit chip or board (e.g., positioning): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the manufacturing object includes
a semiconductor substrate or a board on which multiple semiconductor devices
are integrated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working,
subclass 833 for methods of assembling an electronic component
to an insulative base by utilizing an optical sighting device wherein
the assembly is performed at least in part by using means which
aid or enhance visual location or determination of the position
of the component relative to the base. |
|
| | |
| 88 | Web, sheet or filament: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein an object being manufactured is a
thin sheet, plate or strip, or a thin flexible
threadlike object.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclass 571 for photocell operated devices for detecting web, strand, strip, or
sheet. |
|
| | |
| 89 | Agricultural or food production: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein an object being manufactured is a
produced crop or a livestock or a preparation of these products.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,
subclass 341 for cooking with observation means. |
|
| | |
| 90 | Welding: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the manufacturing includes joining
metallic parts by heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 219, | Electric Heating,
subclass 121.83 for electric heating with monitoring. |
|
| | |
| 92 | Quality inspection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generator is used
to determine acceptability of a manufactured object. |
| | |
| 93 | Color TV: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter wherein the control involves a distinction
of different aspect of an object or a light source in terms of hue. |
| | |
| 94 | Position detection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the television system is used to
determine a point or a place where an object is located. |
| | |
| 95 | Alignment or positioning: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter wherein the television system is used in
manufacturing to help adjust an apparatus or place an object to
an appropriate position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 138+ for angle measuring or axial alignment and subclasses
399+ for alignment in lateral direction. |
|
| | |
| 96 | Film, disc or card scanning: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter including an apparatus to position a picture
signal generator or the record whereby the record can be viewed
by the picture signal generator and displayed on a display device.
| | (1)
Note. The picture signal generator and display may
also be utilized as an aid in locating a given record. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 360, | Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 9.1+ , 14.1+, 19.1, and
33.1+ for magnetic storage or retrieval of non-color
television signals. |
| 365, | Static Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for storage and retrieval
of electrical signals. |
|
| | |
| 97 | Motion picture film scanner: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter including means for scanning a motion picture
film (e.g., telecin) and
synchronously advancing or stepping the film past the scanning apparatus. |
| | |
| 98 | Mechanical optical scanning: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter wherein the scanning is performed by a mechanical
moving device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 195, | for mechanical optical scanning which is not applied
to motion picture film. |
| 474+, | for facsimile systems utilizing mechanical-optical
elements. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 234+ for photocell combined with moving optical systems. |
| 352, | Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate subclasses for mechanical film advancing
devices. |
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 196.1 through 226.3and 298+ for optical scanning devices. |
|
| | |
| 99 | Flying spot scanner: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter wherein the mechanical optical scanning means
provides a small beam of light which moves over a film and translates
the highlights and shadows into electrical signals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 209.99, | for generic camera flying spot scanner, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 100 | Flying spot scanner: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter wherein the scanning means provides a small
beam of light which moves over a film and translates the highlights
and shadows into electrical signals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 209.99, | for camera flying spot scanner, per se. |
|
| | |
| 101 | Color TV: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generated having
portion indicating the existing color of an object or scene in the
film.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 210.99, | for color camera flying spot scanner, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 104 | Color TV: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generated having
portion indicating the existing color of an object or scene in the
film. |
| | |
| 108 | Flying spot scanner: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter wherein the scanning means provides a small
beam of light which moves over a film and translates the highlights
and shadows into electrical signals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 209.99, | for camera flying spot scanner, per se. |
|
| | |
| 109 | Color TV: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generated having
portion indicating the existing color of an object or scene in the
film.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 210.99, | for color camera flying spot scanner, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 110 | Slide: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter including a photographic transparency or
film individually mounted on a frame adapted to be moved to a scanning
area. |
| | |
| 111 | Color TV: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the picture signal generated having
portion indicating the existing color of an object or scene in the
slide. |
| | |
| 112 | Microfilm: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter including a film bearing a photographic record
on a reduced scale. |
| | |
| 113 | Navigation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator or reproducer
is used with a steerable vehicle to permit control of the vehicle
from a remote location or to provide an indication in the vehicle
of its position as an aid in the guidance of the vehicle.
| | (1)
Note. Included here is a significant television
processing system and nominal recitation of the vehicle. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 143+, | for television surveillance systems wherein a selected
area is viewed from a remote location for other than navigational
purposes. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 244, | Aeronautics and Astronautics,
subclasses 3.11+ for remote control of a missile trajectory. |
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 945+ for electrical aircraft alarm or indication systems, subclasses
984+ for electrical watercraft alarm or indication systems, subclasses
988+ for electrical vehicle position indication systems, and
subclasses 425.5+ for electrical land vehicle
alarm or indication systems. |
| 434, | Education and Demonstration,
subclasses 111 , 186, and 239+ for apparatus
to instruct in navigation of various vehicles. |
| 701, | Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and
Relative Location,
subclasses 400 through 541for navigation using computer systems. |
|
| | |
| 114 | Remote control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator or reproducer
is used with a steerable vehicle to permit control of the vehicle
from a distant location. |
| | |
| 115 | Head-up display: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein a television image is optically superimposed
upon a real live scene within a field of view of an observer.
| | (1)
Note. The superimposition is typically performed
by a partially silvered mirror. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclass 980 for aircraft alarm or indicating systems which
may include a head-up display. |
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclasses 7+ for head-up display having electrical
features. |
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclass 13 for holographic head-up display. |
|
| | |
| 117 | Aircraft or spacecraft: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein the vehicle is a load-carrying
structure for navigation in the air or in space.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 244, | Aeronautics and Astronautics, appropriate subclasses for spacecraft of aircraft, per
se. |
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 945+ for electrical aircraft alarm or indication systems. |
|
| | |
| 118 | Land vehicle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter including a steerable machine for transportation
on a solid surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 988+ for electrical vehicle position indication systems
and subclasses 425.5+ for electrical land vehicle
alarm or indication systems. |
|
| | |
| 119 | Program control (e.g., path
guidance, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter wherein certain functions of the vehicle
can be set in advance by previously stored instructions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 701, | Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and
Relative Location,
subclasses 23+ for vehicle automatic route guidance system. |
| 901, | Robots, (cross-reference art collection),
subclass 1 for mobile robot. |
|
| | |
| 120 | Farm vehicle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter wherein the vehicle being navigated is devoted
to agriculture purposes. |
| | |
| 121 | Simulator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter including television means to recreate some
aspects of the displayed environment (e.g., land, air, or
sea).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclass 384 for apparatus for producing audible sounds as signaling
indications such as sound which simulates the noise in an airplane
for use in training programs. |
| 434, | Education and Demonstration,
subclasses 111 , 186, and 239+ for apparatus
to instruct in the navigation of various vehicles; subclasses
43 and 69 for apparatus to instruct in the use of various vehicles; and
subclasses 11+ for apparatus to portray various operations
in war. |
|
| | |
| 123 | Aircraft or spacecraft: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter wherein the particular environment to be
simulated is a load-carrying structure for navigation in
the air or in space. |
| | |
| 124 | Ship: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter wherein the particular environment to be
simulated is a vessel that navigates in water. |
| | |
| 125 | Flaw detector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a picture signal generator is utilized
to view an object and the signals so generated produce a display
whereby imperfections in the object may be visually observed, or
wherein the signals generated are compared with signals representative
of a standard to provide an indication of whether imperfections exist
in the object.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclass 600 for flaw detection by measuring velocity or propagation
time of beamed mechanical waves. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 562+ and 572 for photocell operated devices for evaluating
and detecting defects in a sheet. |
| 324, | Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 200+ for flaw testing using magnetic effect. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 426+ for optical inspection of an article with agitation
or rotation; subclasses 429+ for inspection of moving
webs or thread; and subclasses 237.1+ for
optical systems for detecting flaws or imperfections. |
| 382, | Image Analysis, appropriate subclasses for flaw detection by image analysis. |
|
| | |
| 129 | By comparison with reference object: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein the picture signals of a viewed object
is compared with signals representative of a standard to provide
an indication of whether imperfections exist in the object. |
| | |
| 131 | With specific illumination detail: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein a particular optical arrangement
or material is used for directing a light source or varying its
brightness on the surface of an inspected object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 370, | for camera with object or scene illumination. |
|
| | |
| 132 | With strobe illumination: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein a flashtube is used to emit a high
intensity flash of light into an examination region.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 371, | for camera with flash or strobe illumination. |
|
| | |
| 135 | Object or scene measurement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter including apparatus for utilizing the signal
developed by a picture signal generator viewing an object or scene
to provide quantitative information about the object or scene.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 3+ for range or remote distance finding utilizing
optical elements in combination with a photocell. |
| 702, | Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or
Testing,
subclasses 127+ for a generic measuring system. |
|
| | |
| 136 | Projected scale on object: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein a known geometry light source (i.e., optical
pattern) is projected onto the surface of an object for
measuring purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 353, | Optics: Image Projectors,
subclass 28 for projected image combined with real object and
subclasses 40+ for scale or scale indicator projector. |
|
| | |
| 137 | Scale on camera target: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein an image of a series of marks at
known intervals (i.e., scale) is
superposed on an image of an object on a picture pickup device for
measuring purpose. |
| | |
| 141 | By cursor coordinate location: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein the picture signal of an object is
displayed with a superposed identifying marker (cursor) used
to determine the dimension of the object. |
| | |
| 144 | Aerial viewing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter wherein the specific location, function, or
event is viewed from an aircraft or satellite.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 396, | Photography,
subclasses 7+ for aerial cameras. |
|
| | |
| 145 | With linear array: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter having a plurality of photosensitive elements
arranged in one row to perform a line scanning. |
| | |
| 147 | With transformation or rectification: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter having an image processing apparatus which
corrects any distortion produced in the picture image when the position
of the observed point is moved with respect to the picture image
pickup.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 580+, | for geometric transformation special effects. |
|
| | |
| 148 | Vehicular: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter wherein the surveillance system includes
a steerable machine for carrying or transporting a load on or below
land or water surface. |
| | |
| 149 | Traffic monitoring: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Subject matter wherein the movement of vehicles through
an area or along a route is being regulated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 907+ for electrical traffic control indicator. |
| 346, | Recorders,
subclass 107 for vehicle photographing. |
| 360, | Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 5 for recording for selective retention of a special
occurrence (e.g., vehicle crash recorder, etc.). |
|
| | |
| 150 | Point of sale or banking: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter wherein the location to be surveyed is a
place where currency is being exchanged.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 902, | Electronic Funds Transfer,
subclass 6 for electronic means providing security using image
processor (e.g., video camera). |
|
| | |
| 152 | Intrusion detection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter including a camera for discovering the presence
of a person or an object to which entrance is not welcomed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 541+ for systems to detect approach of object or persons. |
|
| | |
| 154 | Motion detection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter including apparatus for utilizing a television
picture signal to develop signals indicative of whether movement
has taken place in a selected scene or area over a given period
of time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 700, | for signal processing circuitry involving motion
dependent key signal generation or scene change detection. |
|
| | |
| 155 | Motion detection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter including apparatus for utilizing a television
picture signal to develop signals indicative of whether movement
has taken place in a selected scene or area over a given period
of time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 700, | for signal processing circuitry involving motion
dependent key signal generation or scene change detection. |
|
| | |
| 156 | Access control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter wherein a camera is used to permit entrance
or exit of an authorized person or vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 5.2 through 5.74for authorization control (e.g., entry
into an area). |
| 382, | Image Analysis,
subclasses 115+ for personnel identification using image analysis. |
|
| | |
| 157 | Sporting event: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter wherein the camera is used for remote monitoring
of an athletic endeavor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 715, | Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 700 through 866for operator interface processing. |
|
| | |
| 158 | Portable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter wherein the surveillance system is made to
be easily carried along with a user. |
| | |
| 161 | Object comparison (e.g., remote
verification of signature, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the video signal of an object is
sent to a viewer at a remote site for a characteristic or quality
examination with respect to a reference in order to discover resemblances
or differences.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 5.1 through 5.92for intelligence comparison for controlling in
a selective communication system |
| 382, | Image Analysis,
subclasses 2+ for personnel verification by checking signature
or fingerprint, etc., using systematic
analysis of image data. |
|
| | |
| 162 | RESPONSIVE TO NONVISIBLE ENERGY: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a picture signal generator that
is responsive to energy other than visible light for conversion
into electrical signals representative of the scene or object viewed
and providing a visible display.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 336.1+ for invisible radiant energy responsive systems
and non-scanning process. |
|
| | |
| 163 | Sonic or ultrasonic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein the energy is sonic or ultrasonic
waves.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 596+ for similar apparatus utilizing acoustic wave energy
to produce an image corresponding to the acoustic properties (e.g., absorption, reflection) of
a viewed object. |
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 850+ for compressional wave systems in an underwater
environment. |
| 367, | Communications, Electrical:
Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices,
subclasses 7+ for acoustic image conversion. |
|
| | |
| 164 | Infrared: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein energy is infrared radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 330+ for infrared to visible imaging and subclasses
338.1+ for infrared responsive devices. |
| 374, | Thermal Measuring and Testing,
subclass 124 for similar subject matter for providing the spatial
distribution of temperature by measuring thermally emitted radiant
energy. |
|
| | |
| 165 | Pyroelectric: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter wherein an image is generated in response
to a change of temperature of incremental pixel areas. |
| | |
| 166 | With linear array: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter including a multiplicity of sensor elements
which are arranged in a one-dimensional matrix. |
| | |
| 167 | With rotating reflector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter wherein the sensor includes multifaceted
polygon reflecting elements for scanning sweep in the primary (fast) direction.
| | (1)
Note. The fast direction may be a horizontal or vertical
scan. | |
| | |
| 168 | With rotating reflector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter wherein a sensor includes multifaceted polygon
reflecting elements for scanning sweep in the primary (fast) direction. |
| | |
| 169 | OBJECT TRACKING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein signals representative of the position
of a moving object projected onto a picture signal generator viewing surface
are utilized to control the generator (optically, electrically, or
by reorientation) to maintain the object in the field of
view of the generator.
| | (1)
Note. Electrical control of the generator involves
control of the sweep system as an example. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 208.99, | for image stabilization. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 235, | Registers,
subclasses 411+ for means to determine the position of an object in
ordnance control systems and not employing a particular sighting means. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 203.1+ for systems utilizing a photocell to follow a point. |
| 342, | Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio
Navigation),
subclasses 75+ wherein the position of the object determines antenna
orientation. |
|
| | |
| 170 | Using tracking gate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Subject matter wherein the object is maintained within the
field of view by gating signals derived from a small area of the
picture signal generator viewing surface and maintaining the signals
representative of the object in that gated area. |
| | |
| 173 | CATHODE-RAY TUBE BURN-IN PREVENTION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a device to prevent damage to a
cathode-ray tube phosphor screen or target due to a steady
non-moving image or due to a sweep cessation.
| | (1)
Note. For example, superimposed on a regular
horizontal and vertical deflection of the scanning beam is an imperceptably
slow horizontal and/or vertical movement of the display
image. | |
| | |
| 174 | Camera: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Subject matter wherein the device is applied to prevent
burn-in of the target of an image pickup tube. |
| | |
| 175 | CAMERA WITH BUILT-IN TEST SIGNAL GENERATOR, TEST
PATTERN, OR ADJUSTING ADJUNCT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including the integral combination of a camera
and a further means which aids in correctly adjusting the operation of
the camera when the further means is used.
| | (1)
Note. The further means is normally selected by
the operator. |
| | (2)
Note. Self-regulating devices such as automatic
white balance, automatic black level, or automatic
gain control which often use a "test signal" are excluded from this
subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 207.99 | through 207.2, for camera with self-regulating control. |
|
| | |
| 176 | Setup: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Subject matter wherein the adjusting adjunct includes means
for disabling a normal circuit function. |
| | |
| 177 | DISPLAY OR RECEIVER WITH BUILT-IN TEST SIGNAL
GENERATOR, TEST PATTERN, OR ADJUSTING ADJUNCT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including the integral combination of a display
and means to aid in adjusting the display.
| | (1)
Note. Self-regulating devices such as automatic
white balance, automatic black level, or automatic
gain control which often use a "test pulse" or "test signal" are
excluded from this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 657, | and 658, for a display with a self-regulation
white balance. |
| 678+, | for a receiver with automatic gain control. |
| 691+, | for a receiver with automatic black level control. |
|
| | |
| 178 | Setup: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein the adjusting adjunct includes means
for disabling a normal circuit function. |
| | |
| 179 | Color match comparator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter including a means for comparing a picture
signal with a reference picture signal to permit an accurate adjustment
for the color reception.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 657, | and 658, for color match comparator built-in
to the receiver. |
|
| | |
| 180 | MONITORING, TESTING, OR MEASURING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means separate from the television
system or components for monitoring, testing, or
measuring parameters of the television system or components being tested, measured, or
monitored.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclass 504 for color facsimile testing and measuring. |
| 455, | Telecommunications,
subclasses 67.11 through 67.7for modulated carrier wave systems including monitoring, measuring, or
testing means. |
|
| | |
| 182 | Chroma or color bar: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Subject matter wherein the test signal represents the quality
of light which includes color and its purity or a color bar signal
which consists of six colors (yellow, cyan, green, magenta, red, and
blue). |
| | |
| 183 | VITS or ILTS: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Subject matter wherein the test signal is a vertical interval
test signal (VITS), interjected during
the vertical blanking interval, or is an in-line
test signal (ILTS), injected during the
portion of the visible or image interval. |
| | |
| 184 | Monitor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter including a means for displaying to a human
observer information concerning the video signal being measured. |
| | |
| 186 | Vectorscope: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter including an instrument for displaying in
two dimensions the phase relationships of two signals or signal
components.
| | (1)
Note. The signal is normally a chrominance signal
with one component controlling the x-direction and the
other component controlling the y-direction. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 324, | Electricity: Measuring, and
Testing,
subclass 88 for phase measurement. |
|
| | |
| 188 | Using test chart: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter wherein the means includes an optical pattern
containing a group of lines and circles for testing the performance
of the TV camera. |
| | |
| 191 | Display photometry: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Subject matter including a means for measuring and displaying
the properties of light generated by the receiver or monitor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 213+ for photometry, per se. |
|
| | |
| 192 | Transmission path testing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter including a means for testing a quality of
a TV transmission channel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 714, | Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
subclasses 712+ for error testing of a transmission channel. |
|
| | |
| 195 | MECHANICAL OPTICAL SCANNING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a mechanical moving device is used
for scanning an object or a scene (i.e., partitioning
it into elemental imaging areas to generate image representative electrical
signals) or scanning imaging areas by a modulated light
beam to reproduce the object or scene visible image.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 98, | for mechanical-optical scanning systems
in motion picture film scanning. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 234+ for photocell combined with moving optical systems. |
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclasses 474 through 498for facsimile systems utilizing mechanical - optical
elements. |
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 196.1 through 226.3for deflection using a moving element or medium
and subclasses 227+ for light control by opaque element
or medium movable in or through light path. |
|
| | |
| 196 | Color TV: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Subject matter wherein the image signal generated or reproduced
is in color. |
| | |
| 197 | With fiber optics: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Subject matter including an optical waveguide which confines
a transmitted radiation therewithin by means of the principle of
total internal reflection.
| | (1)
Note. Optical fibers are usually comprised of a
central light transmitting core of relatively high refractive index, surrounded
by a concentric cladding of relatively low refractive index. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 227.11+ for photocell with fiber optic elements. |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides, appropriate subclasses. |
|
| | |
| 198 | By acoustic wave: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Subject matter wherein the scanning is effected by using
an elastic or sound wave for displacing or deforming portions of
an optically transmitting medium surface or interface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 285+ and 305+ for acousto-optic modulation. |
|
| | |
| 199 | Moving aperture: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Subject matter wherein the scanning is accomplished by a
moving device which has one or multiple openings that will pass
light, electrons, or other forms of radiation (e.g., Nipkow disk). |
| | |
| 200 | Drum or belt: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the moving device is a cylinder or
a continuous band of flexible material. |
| | |
| 203 | Moving reflector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Subject matter wherein the scanning is performed by an element
that is given a prescribed motion and that has a property of returning incident
light or sound wave. |
| | |
| 205 | Vibrating or oscillating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Subject matter wherein the prescribed motion consists of
periodic movements in alternately opposite directions from a position
of equilibrium. |
| | |
| 206 | SPECIAL SCANNING (E.G., SPIRAL, RANDOM, ZIGZAG): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a pattern of scanning is not generally
horizontal from one side to the other with a quick blanked retrace
to start all lines from the same side (e.g., spiral
scanning, scanning without retrace, vertical scanning).
| | (1)
Note. For systems using spotwobble which is generally
horizontal with a small undulating vertical component, see subclass
428. | |
| | |
| 207.1 | Camera connected to computer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein a camera is used as a computer peripheral
for generating image data that is processed and/or stored
by the computer for display to a local user, for downloading
to an end user, or for being combined with computer-generated
data.
| | (1)
Note. Image transmission may be by asynchronous, isochroous
or other protocol. |
| | (2)
Note. Network communication details are classified
elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 207.1, | for camera combined with diverse art such as a computer. |
|
| | |
| 207.11 | Computer can control camera: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.1. Subject matter wherein an external computer controls
camera parameters.
| | (1)
Note. Camera parameters are for example exposure, focus
and gain and/or the camera s shutter timing and frame rate. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 211.99, | for remote control. |
| 207.1, | for camera combined with diverse art such as a computer. |
|
| | |
| 207.2 | Camera connected to printer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter including a system or device for scanning
image or scene is connected to the printer wherein the data obtained by
the scanning system or device is transferred to the printer for
a hard copy print out.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 347, | Incremental Printing or Symbolic Information,
subclass 2 for combined. |
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclass 1.1 , for Static presentation processing (e.g., processing data
for printer), subclass 906 for hand-held
camera with recorder in single unit, subclass 909.1, for
electronic still camera or scene reproducer. |
|
| | |
| 207.99 | CAMERA, SYSTEM AND DETAIL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a system or device for scanning
image of the object or scene (i.e., partitioning
the scene into sub-areas of image information and generating
there from an image representative electrical signal) or
the above combined with circuitry for processing the image signal, and
sub combinations specific to the camera.
| | (1)
Note. The sub-area is usually an elemental
area or pixtel. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclass 479 for a video camera scanning document or other static image. |
|
| | |
| 208.1 | Electrical motion detection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 208.99. Subject matter wherein the direction and magnitude of a
camera s movement is computed by measuring changes in direction and
magnitude between consecutive planes of image data.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 699, | for motion vector generation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 382, | Image Analysis,
subclass 107 for motion measuring. |
|
| | |
| 208.11 | Optics, lens shifting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 208.7. Subject matter wherein the portion of the camera that is
moved is its lens or another optical element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclass 554 for image stabilization. |
| 396, | Photography,
subclass 55 for stabilizing system. |
|
| | |
| 208.14 | Object tracking: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 208.12. Subject matter wherein camera motion is distinguished from
object motion and object motion information is used to accomplish object
tracking in the presence of camera shake.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 382, | Image Analysis,
subclass 103 for target tracking. |
|
| | |
| 208.15 | Warning/indicator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 208.12. Subject matter wherein a warning is indicated when camera
shake exceeds acceptable limits.
| | (1)
Note. For instance, a warning may be via sound, light
or display, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 396, | Photography,
subclass 52 for camera shake sensing. |
|
| | |
| 208.4 | Motion correction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 208.99. Subject matter wherein the movement of a camera during a
photographing operation is compensated in order to produce an output image
that is free from blur or other motion-induced artifacts. |
| | |
| 208.6 | Electrical (memory shifting, electronic zoom, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 208.4. Subject matter wherein the compensation for camera movement
is performed electronically.
| | (1)
Note. For instance by reducing the image size and
shifting the reduced image data either as it being stored in a memory
or as it is being read out there from. Such an operation
is often accompanied by electronic zooming of the image data to its
original size. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 382, | Image Analysis,
subclass 103 for target tracking. |
|
| | |
| 208.7 | Mechanical: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 208.4. Subject matter wherein the compensation for camera movement
is performed by mechanically moving either a portion of the camera, e.g., lens
or the entire camera itself.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclass 554 for image stabilization. |
| 396, | Photography,
subclass 55 for stabilizing system. |
|
| | |
| 208.8 | Variable angle prisms: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 208.7. Subject matter wherein the portion of a camera that is moved
is a solid whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and
parallel plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms
and said solid is moved through a variable angle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclass 554 for image stabilization. |
|
| | |
| 209.99 | With flying spot scanner |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter having a device in which a rapidly moving
spot of light scans an image on a transparent screen; a
phototube then absorbs the light reflected by the screen and converts
it into electric signals. |
| | |
| 211.1 | Communication methods: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.99. Subject matter wherein specific methods of communication
are used to transmit the signals used to implement remote control
of a camera. |
| | |
| 211.11 | Plural cameras being controlled: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.99. Subject matter wherein a plurality of cameras are controlled
by the remote control system, including networks of cameras
used for a common imaging operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
|
| | |
| 211.12 | Video teleconferencing (including access or authorization): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.11. Subject matter wherein the camera network is used for video
teleconferencing and remote control of the camera includes authorizing
the camera s access to the network via a password or assignment
of priority.
| | (1)
Note. Also included are control of camera functions
such as pan, tilt, zoom, iris and focus. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 709, | Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer
Data Transferring,
subclasses 204 for computer conferencing. |
| 715, | Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 733 through 759for concurrently established related or collaborative
user interfaces including computer conferencing and computer supported
cooperative work. |
|
| | |
| 211.13 | Monitor (including for controlling camera): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.12. Subject matter wherein a display is used to generate control
signals.
| | (1)
Note A camera is made to respond to touch screen commands
or to positions designated on the screen that displays the camera
s output image. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclass 156 for display peripheral input device. |
|
| | |
| 211.14 | Camera located remotely from its image processor (i.e., camera
head): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.99. Subject matter wherein the imaging portion of the camera (i.e., camera
head) is physically separated from the camera’s
image processing circuitry.
| | (1)
Note. Camera is connected thereto by a cable over
which are communicated image signal from the camera head to the processor
and control signals from the processor to the camera head. | |
| | |
| 211.2 | Wireless: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.1. Subject matter wherein a wireless method is used to transmit
the remote control signals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14.01, | over wireless communication. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 12.22 , 12.3, 12.5-12.55, and 13.24-13.32
for wireless remote control, in general. |
| 375, | Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 259 through 285for wireless pulse or digital communication systems. |
| 455, | Telecommunications,
subclass 3.06 combined with diverse art. |
|
| | |
| 211.3 | Network (master/slave, client/server, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.1. Subject matter wherein the remote control signals are communicated
via a network, including networks configured in a master/slave
or client/server arrangement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 207.1, | for camera connected to computer. |
| 552, | for combined with diverse art (e.g., computer, telephone). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 340, | Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for communication networks. |
| 370, | Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses for multiplex communication
networks. |
| 709, | Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer
Data Transferring,
subclass 208 for master slave computer communications. |
|
| | |
| 211.5 | Multiplexed or other embedded control signals: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.4. Subject matter wherein the control devices generate and/or
respond to control signals that are multiplexed with each other
or with other types of control signals, or are embedded
with data signals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 476, | for during sync, blanking, or
overscan. |
|
| | |
| 211.6 | Preprogrammed or stored control instructions: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.4. Subject matter wherein the control devices operate according
to digital control signals that have been stored in a computer memory
or in a special purpose digital control device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 709, | Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer
Data Transferring,
subclass 208 for master slave computer controlling. |
|
| | |
| 211.8 | Monitor used to control remote camera: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.4. Subject matter wherein a display is used to generate control
signals.
| | (1)
Note. A camera is made to respond to touch screen
commands or to positions designated on the screen that displays the
camera s output image. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclass 156 for a display peripheral input device. |
|
| | |
| 211.9 | Camera characteristics affecting control (zoom
angle, distance to camera, time delays, weight, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.99. Subject matter control signals are computed using camera
characteristics as a parameter.
| | (1)
Note. Pan and tilt driving speeds are varied as a
function of zoom angle and/or distance between the camera
and the subject; control voltages are varied in accordance
with camera weight; compensation is made for time delays
created by the length of the cable used to transmit control signals; etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 318, | Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 597 for slewing systems. |
|
| | |
| 211.99 | Remote control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein the scanning system or device is
operated by a control signal sent by a controller from a remote
location. |
| | |
| 215.1 | With streak device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein the camera comprises a device which
converts time information from a luminous event into spatial information, such
conversion enable the measurement of high speed variations in intensity distribution
of a light emission. |
| | |
| 219.1 | Swing driven: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein the image sensor is mechanically
vibrated or oscillated to produce the effect of an increased resolution. |
| | |
| 221.1 | Exposure control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 220.1. Subject matter having a device for regulating the total
illumination (e.g., duration
or intensity) admitted to an imaging device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 229.1, | for exposure control combined with image signal
automatic gain control. |
| 362, | for general exposure control. |
|
| | |
| 222.1 | Combined image signal generator and general image signal
processing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter including at least one image sensor or pickup
device and in combination therewith related circuitry for correcting, adjusting, or
otherwise altering the image signal output from the image sensor
or pickup device.
| | (1)
Note. The signal processing herein is limited to
normal television signals, such as red, green
and blue, or luminance and chrominance. |
| | (2)
Note. The image signal processing which depends upon
structure of a sensor is not classified in this subclass, but is
with the sensor, per se. For example, a single
solid-state image sensor which converts the dot interlace
output representing for example cyan, magenta, and yellow (i.e., not
normal television signal) to red, green, and
blue is found in subclass 280 for solid-state color image
sensor with filter based on three colors. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 571 | through 721, for general image signal processing not with the
image generator (i.e., not in
the camera). |
|
| | |
| 223.1 | Color balance (e.g., white
balance): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 222.1. Subject matter wherein the processing of the video output
signal includes adjustment of relative amplitudes of plural color
signals which are output from the camera.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 655, | for color balance not combined with the camera. |
|
| | |
| 231.1 | Available memory space detection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 231.99. Subject matter wherein the remaining storage capacity of
a memory is detected and storage of additional image data is either
permitted, reduced or prohibited based on the detection
result.
| | (1)
Note. A warning may be given to indicate insufficient
capacity. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclass 404 for facsimile memory monitoring. |
|
| | |
| 231.2 | Image file management: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 231.99. Subject matter including manual or automatic file naming
and categorizing of stored images enabling enhanced image retrieval
and arrangement using the camera according to user instructions.
| | (1)
Note. File naming may take place either before of
after a picture is taken. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclass 450 for plural images combined into a single image. |
|
| | |
| 231.3 | Storage of additional data: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 231.99. Subject matter wherein the camera output memory stores, in
addition to the picture information, information other
than that of the picture,
| | (1)
Note. Information other than the picture information
may be audio or character type information (e.g., time, date, etc.), or
information relating to a camera or image sensor aspect ratio. | |
| | |
| 231.4 | Audio: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 231.3. Subject matter wherein the additional data is audio that
accompanies the stored image.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 386, | Motion Video Signal Processing for Recording or
Reproducing,
subclass 287 for video editing capable of replacing a video
or an audio signal. |
|
| | |
| 231.5 | Time or date, annotation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 231.3. Subject matter wherein the additional data is time or date
data or annotations that are stored along with the image data produced
by the camera. |
| | |
| 231.6 | Processing or camera details: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 231.3. Subject matter wherein the additional data may include the
compression ratio of the stored image and camera setting used in
taking the picture.
| | (1)
Note. Camera setting such as lens settings, processing
parameters, etc. | |
| | |
| 231.7 | Detachable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 231.99. Subject matter wherein the camera output memory can be removed
from the camera system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclass 906 for hand-held camera with recorder in
a single unit. |
|
| | |
| 231.8 | Multiple detachable memories: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 231.7. Subject matter wherein the detachable memory is in the form
a plurality of detachable memories, having a plurality
of memory insertion slots, plural memories used in tandem
or for separate storage. |
| | |
| 231.9 | Details of communication between memory and camera: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 231.7. Subject matter including details of how image data is transmitted
between the camera and the detachable memory.
| | (1)
Note. Details such as temporary interrupts of data
transfer, temporary storage in an auxiliary memory prior
to transfer to the detachable memory, etc. |
| | (2)
Note. The distinct luminance sensor may be either
black and white or monocular (e.g., green). | |
| | |
| 231.99 | With details of static memory for output image information (e.g., for
a still camera): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 222.1. Subject matter wherein the camera includes a non-dynamic
memory device for storing one or more frames of image information.
| | (1)
Note. Dynamic memory requires relative motion between
the storage medium and the playback or recorder head. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 360, | Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for television signal storage system. |
| 365, | Static Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for details of static information
storage structure which may be used for the storage of an image
signal. |
| 386, | Motion Video Signal Processing for Recording or
Reproducing, appropriate subclasses for recording television or
video signal. |
|
| | |
| 236 | Using distinct luminance image sensor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Subject matter wherein part of the image signal is supplied
by a separate sensor for producing a luminance signal only.
| | (1)
Note. The distinct luminance sensor may be either
black and white or monocolor (e.g., green). | |
| | |
| 240.2 | Electronic zoom: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 240.99. Subject matter wherein the image signal is electronically
expanded or reduced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 333.12, | for modification of images. |
| 581, | for general size change of an image signal. |
|
| | |
| 240.3 | Optical zoom: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 240.99. Subject matter wherein an optical zoom lens is provided
to change the magnification of the image or picture generated by
a solid-state sensor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 396, | Photography,
subclass 72 for having variable focal length of camera objective. |
|
| | |
| 240.99 | Zoom: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 222.1. Subject matter including means to change the magnification
of image or picture signal generated by a solid-state sensor. |
| | |
| 242 | Color TV: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter wherein the correction is related to color
image signals.
| | (1)
Note. An example is false color due to smear. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 607+, | and 624, for general noise reduction of
a color TV signal. |
|
| | |
| 243 | Dark current: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter including control circuitry which compensates
for an output current generated by the image sensor in the absence
of an incident light. |
| | |
| 245 | Using dummy pixels: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein the image sensor is provided with
non-imaging (i.e., blank) elements which
are used to generate a dark current correction signal. |
| | |
| 246 | Defective pixel (e.g., signal
replacement): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter wherein a circuit is provided to compensate
for effects of an inoperable image analyzing element or area.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 616, | for dropout compensator normally associated with
tape or dynamic recording. |
|
| | |
| 248 | Smear: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter including circuitry which reduces signal
defects due to crosstalk or leakage between pixels. |
| | |
| 249 | In charge coupled type sensor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Subject matter wherein the image sensor is of the type which
comprises an array of photosensitive shift registers, photoelectric
charges therefrom being shifted out in a predetermined order to
produce an image signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 250, | for general noise or undesired signal reduction
in charge coupled type image sensor. |
| 282, | for charge coupled type color image sensor combined
with color filter. |
| 298, | for charge coupled type image sensor with accumulation
or integration time responsive to light or signal intensity. |
| 311, | for charge coupled image sensor architecture. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 327, | Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous circuits
utilizing a charge coupled device. |
|
| | |
| 250 | In charge coupled type sensor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter wherein the image sensor is of the type which
comprises an array of photosensitive shift registers, photoelectric
charges therefrom being shifted out in a predetermined order to
produce an image signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 249, | for smear reduction in charge coupled type image
sensor. |
| 282, | for charge coupled type color image sensor combined
with color filter. |
| 298, | for charge coupled type image sensor with accumulation
or integration time responsive to light or signal intensity. |
| 311, | for charge coupled image sensor architecture. |
|
| | |
| 251 | Shading or black spot correction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter including an apparatus to compensate for
brightness level variations in different areas of a given reproduced
picture due to unequal characteristics of, or imperfections
in, the image signal generator. |
| | |
| 253 | Color TV: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter wherein the image signal being processed
has a portion representing a hue as contrasted with black, white, or
gray. |
| | |
| 255 | Amplitude control (e.g., automatic
gain control): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter including means to control the amplitude
of an input signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 300, | for amplifier integrated in solid-state image
sensor without controlling the amplitude. |
| 678, | for general automatic gain control not combined
with the camera. |
|
| | |
| 256 | Color TV (e.g., saturation): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter wherein the image signal being processed
has a portion representing brightness (i.e., black
and white), hue (i.e., wavelength), and
saturation (i.e., purity from
white) as contrasted with black, white, or
gray.
| | (1)
Note. Examples of saturation are: Both red
and pink have the same wavelength, but red is saturated
and pink is desaturated. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 645, | for chrominance signal amplitude control not combined
with the camera. |
|
| | |
| 257 | With DC level control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 222.1. Subject matter including means for modifying the DC bias
of the output signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 691, | for general DC insertion. |
|
| | |
| 258 | With bias illumination: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Subject matter wherein a uniform auxiliary light of low
luminosity is used to illuminate the light receiving surface of
the camera image sensor.
| | (1)
Note. Bias illumination is usually used to eliminate
a blurred image or a trailing on an image caused by the motion of
a scanned object. | |
| | |
| 259 | Combined with color separating optical system: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Subject matter including, associated with the bias
illumination, an optical structure which resolves a light
beam from a scanned object into two or more beams of different wavelengths
corresponding to different color components of the object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 336+, | for general color separating optics. |
|
| | |
| 262 | With plural image scanning devices: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein the camera comprises more than one
image sensor and each image sensor scans the complete image of a
scene.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 218, | for plural image scanning devices whereby each device
scans a sub-area of the complete image. |
|
| | |
| 263 | Color imagery registration: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter including apparatus to ensure at any instant
that the signal from one device corresponds to the same analyzed
point on a picture as the signals from another device. |
| | |
| 268 | Color sequential: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter including a device to decompose colors of
an object or scene into components which are imparted in sequence
to an image pickup device. |
| | |
| 269 | With color sequential illumination: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter wherein a light source, additional
to ambient light, is provided in different wavelengths (e.g., red, green, blue, etc.) during successive
intervals for producing color signals using a monochrome camera.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 70, | for color illumination endoscope which may use color
sequential technique. |
| 371, | for flashing or strobing illumination, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 270 | With moving color filters: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter wherein colors are decomposed by a device
having a plurality of color transmitting or absorbing elements which
move in and out of the camera’s optical path.
| | (1)
Note. Both continuous moving and oscillating filters
are classified herein. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 743, | for image reproducer combined with moving color
filters. |
|
| | |
| 271 | Four or more color types: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Subject matter wherein the camera generates four signals
of different wavelengths which correspond to four or more distinct
color signals, or three or more distinct color signals
and a luminance signal. |
| | |
| 272 | Solid-state multicolor image sensor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter wherein the photosensitive scanning device, which
supplies more than one color signal, is an electronic device
which operates by virtue of the movement of electrons within a solid
material. |
| | |
| 275 | Staggered or irregular elements: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter which includes filter elements that are arranged
on a surface in any of various zigzags or alternations; or
comprises filter elements that are nonuniform in shape. |
| | |
| 276 | Including transparent elements: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter wherein the filter has a mosaic pattern made
up of individual filter elements, some having a luminance
transparency and some a chrominance transparency characteristic. |
| | |
| 279 | Based on four colors: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter comprising exactly four types of filter elements, each
element passing a different wavelength. |
| | |
| 281 | X-Y architecture: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter wherein the image sensor comprises a two-dimensional
matrix of photoelectric conversion elements, each element
being individually selected by external scanning circuitry. |
| | |
| 282 | Charge coupled architecture: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter wherein the image sensor is of the type which
comprises an array of photosensitive shift registers, photoelectric
charges therefrom being shifted out in a predetermined order to
produce an image signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 249, | for smear reduction in charge coupled type image
sensor. |
| 250, | for general noise or undesired signal reduction
in charge coupled type image sensor. |
| 298, | for charge coupled type image sensor with accumulation
or integration time responsive to light or signal intensity. |
| 311, | for charge coupled image sensor architecture. |
|
| | |
| 284 | Cathode-ray tube: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter including a camera tube in which an optical
image of an object is converted to a charge on a photosensitive
target surface and then scanned by an electron beam to convert the
charge image to an electrical signal.
| | (1)
Note. Common cathode-ray tubes include
iconoscope, orthicon, and vidicon. | |
| | |
| 285 | Phase separable signals: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein at least two color components of
an image of a scene are spatially modulated (e.g., by
optical striped filters) and the resulting modulated color
signals are demodulated by utilizing electrical phase detectors
for generating color signal components. |
| | |
| 286 | With indexing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter including means for generating a position
signal for indicating the instantaneous position of the scanning
electron beam. |
| | |
| 289 | Frequency separable signals: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein at least two color components of
an image of a scene are spatially modulated (e.g., by
optical striped filters) and the resulting modulated color
signals are demodulated by utilizing electrical bandpass filters
for generating color signal components. |
| | |
| 293 | Interdigital signal electrodes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Subject matter wherein the cathode-ray tube includes
a target structure comprising a plurality of interleaved sets of
conducting strips for deriving respective component color signals.
| | (1)
Note. For example, a target structure comprises
red, green, and blue striped color filters in
front of corresponding transparent electrodes. | |
| | |
| 294 | Solid-state image sensor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter including an electronic device which operates
by virtue of the movement of electrons within a solid material (e.g., semiconductor) for
producing electrical signals in response to light incident on elemental
resolution elements thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 200+ for photocell circuits and apparatus. |
| 257, | Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State
Diodes), appropriate subclasses for solid-state devices
responsive to light. |
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclasses 482 through 483for image sensors relating to facsimile apparatus. |
|
| | |
| 295 | Time delay and integration mode (TDI): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein a plurality of photosites or photosensitive
devices are provided for each resolution element, and charges
produced by each photosite or photosensitive device are summed to
provide a signal corresponding to the resolution element.
| | (1)
Note. There is a time delay of the charges sensed
prior to the charge sensed by the last of the plurality of photosites before
summation of the charges. | |
| | |
| 296 | Electronic shuttering: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein charges in the solid-state
sensor are periodically cleared to emulate the effect of a mechanical
shutter.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes a large number of electronic
still cameras wherein the image signal is read-out inhibited
when the shutter is opened and read-out is enabled when
the shutter is closed. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 229, | for a mechanical aperture control structure as a
final control element for an exposure determination. |
|
| | |
| 298 | In charge coupled type image sensor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Subject matter wherein the image sensor is of the type which
comprises an array of photosensitive shift registers, photoelectric
charges therefrom being shifted out in a predetermined order to
produce an image signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 249, | for smear reduction in charge coupled type image
sensor. |
| 250, | for general noise or undesired signal reduction
in charge coupled type image sensor. |
| 282, | for charge coupled type color image sensor combined
with color filter. |
| 311, | for charge coupled image sensor architecture. |
|
| | |
| 300 | With amplifier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter includes a device for increasing the magnitude
of a sensor intermediate or immediate output signal. |
| | |
| 302 | X - Y architecture: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein the image sensor comprises a matrix
of rows and columns of photoelectric conversion elements, each
element representing one image or picture resolution element of
the entire image and each element being individually selected by
external scanning circuitry. |
| | |
| 303 | With charge transfer type output register: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Subject matter wherein charge signals from the rows or columns
of the image sensing elements are collected in parallel and serially
output by a charge transfer type shift register.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 377, | Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for charge transfer shift
register, per se. |
|
| | |
| 305 | With interlacing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Subject matter includes scanning means whereby odd- and
even-numbered lines of a picture are outputted consecutively
as two separate fields. |
| | |
| 306 | Charge injection device (CID): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Subject matter wherein the solid-state image sensor
is composed of a two-dimensional array of coupled MOS charge-storage
capacitors and is designed to convert near infrared energy to electrical
signals, providing broad gray shade or tonal rendition. |
| | |
| 311 | Charge-coupled architecture: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein the image sensor is of the type which
comprises an array of photosensitive shift registers, photoelectric
charges therefrom being shifted out in a predetermined order to
produce an image signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 249, | for smear reduction in charge coupled type image
sensor. |
| 250, | for general noise or undesired signal reduction
in charge coupled type image sensor. |
| 282, | for charge coupled type color image sensor combined
with color filter. |
| 298+, | for accumulation or integration time responsive
to light or signal intensity in charge coupled image sensor. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 377, | Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,
subclass 63 for charge-coupled device shift register. |
|
| | |
| 313 | With bias charge injection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter wherein photosensitive resolution elements
associated with potential wells formed under charge transfer are
supplied with uniform charges in order to raise the operating point
of the shift register, thereby increasing transfer speed. |
| | |
| 314 | With excess charge removal (e.g., overflow drain): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter having means to remove unwanted electric
charges from the charge coupled type image sensing device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 299, | for charge coupled type image sensor accumulation
or integration time responsive to light with overflow gate or drain. |
|
| | |
| 316 | Charges transferred to opposed registers: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter wherein alternate rows or columns of charges
are shifted to separate storage or transfer registers located at
opposite sides of the charge coupled photosensitive area.
| | (1)
Note. This technique is often used to produce odd
and even fields. | |
| | |
| 317 | Field or frame transfer type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter wherein charges of an entire image area are
shifted in parallel from an exposure area to a storage area of the
charge coupled image sensing device prior to a readout. |
| | |
| 320 | Interline readout: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Subject matter wherein image charges of every other column
are shifted in parallel from an exposure area to a readout area
of the charge coupled device prior to a sequential readout.
| | (1)
Note. The term "interline" comes from the word "interlace-line". | |
| | |
| 322 | Interline readout: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter wherein image charges of every other column
are shifted in parallel from an exposure area to a readout area
of the charge coupled image sensing device prior to a sequential
readout from the readout area. |
| | |
| 324 | Line transfer type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter wherein charges of an image line are shifted
in parallel from an exposure area to a readout area of the charge
coupled image sensing device prior to a readout. |
| | |
| 325 | Cathode-ray tube: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter including a camera tube in which an optical
image of an object is converted to a charge on a photosensitive
target surface and then scanned by an electron beam to convert the
charge image to an electrical signal.
| | (1)
Note. Common cathode-ray tubes include
iconoscope, orthicon, and vidicon. | |
| | |
| 327 | Automatic beam current control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Subject matter including means to regulate the beam current
of the tube such that it is held at a constant value, or
to increase, decrease, or maintain the beam current
such that the signal output has a fixed relationship to the light energy
input. |
| | |
| 328 | Remanent image erasure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Subject matter including means to remove charges still remaining
on the tube target after it has been scanned by an electron beam. |
| | |
| 330 | Dissector tube: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter in which an electron image emitted from the
photocathode is scanned across an aperture, behind which
aperture an electron detector is disposed. |
| | |
| 333.01 | With electronic viewfinder or display monitor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter including an electronic display, which
is a fixed or removable part of the camera for permitting an operator
to see a captured image produced from the camera output signal or
from an auxiliary.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 396, | Photography,
subclass 374 for an electronic viewfinder. |
|
| | |
| 333.02 | With display of additional information: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333.01. Subject matter wherein the display shows additional information
related to the camera operation or data related to the captured camera
image.
| | (1)
Note. Additional information is displayed in order
to indicate camera status, to implement camera control, to
classify images captured by the camera, or to annotate
images. | |
| | |
| 333.03 | Including display of a frame and line of sight determination: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333.02. Subject matter wherein the additional information includes
a frame that is displayed in order to permit the user to discern
the field of view or to discern the portion of the field of view
of a captured camera image.
| | (1)
Note. Automatic selection of a focus or exposure
control area may be made by determining the user’s line
of sight to the area. |
| | (2)
Note. Examples of frames are a zoom frame, a
field frame, a focus frame, or an exposure frame. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 396, | Photography,
subclass 51 for eye tracking. |
|
| | |
| 333.04 | Including warning indication: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333.02. Subject matter wherein the additional information includes
a visible warning which is displayed to indicate an undesirable
picture-taking condition.
| | (1)
Note. An undesirable condition may be excessive
camera motion, inability to achieve focus or insufficient
exposure condition. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 396, | Photography,
subclass 296 for camera indicators having display in a viewfinder. |
|
| | |
| 333.05 | Display of multiple images (e.g., thumbnail images, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333.01. Subject matter wherein a plurality of images are displayed
thereby enabling comparison between images, selection, combining, or deletion
of images.
| | (1)
Note. The images may be compressed to "thumbnail"
size in order to facilitate display of a large number of images. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 552, | for camera combined with diverse art such as a computer. |
|
| | |
| 333.06 | Movable or rotatable unit: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333.01. Subject matter wherein the display includes a mechanism
for rotating or translating the viewfinder to a variety of angles.
| | (1)
Note. This may include 180 degrees rotation for
a self-photography operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 373 | through 376, for support or housing for specified camera accessory. |
|
| | |
| 333.07 | Detachable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333.06. Subject matter wherein the viewfinder is detachable from
the body of the camera in order to remotely view camera images or remotely
control the camera.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes a mechanism for detachably
attaching the viewfinder to the camera body. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 373 | through 376, for support or housing for specified camera accessory. |
|
| | |
| 333.08 | Including optics: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333.01. Subject matter including a specific optical configuration.
| | (1)
Note. For example, an optical configuration
may be a relative positioning of lenses, mirrors, and
special purpose optical elements designed to perform viewfinder
functions. | |
| | |
| 333.09 | With optical viewfinder (e.g., correction
for parallax, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333.08. Subject matter wherein the electronic viewfinder is used
in combination with an optical viewfinder.
| | (1)
Note. Solutions to parallax problems produced by
the offset of the optical viewfinder from the electronic viewfinder
are presented. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 341, | for optical viewfinders. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 396, | Photography,
subclass 149 and subclass 377 for parallax correction. |
|
| | |
| 333.1 | With projector function: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333.08. Subject matter wherein an image is projected from the viewfinder
onto a screen for enlargement of the image.
| | (1)
Note. A projected image from the viewfinder may be
viewed by a person other than the photographer. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 744 | through 789, for projection device. |
|
| | |
| 333.11 | Use for previewing images (e.g., variety
of image resolutions, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333.01. Subject matter wherein the viewfinder is used to preview
an image prior to either a photographing or an image storing operation.
| | (1)
Note. In this way a proper exposure condition and
desired location of the subject within the image field can be determined before
camera resources are used to take the picture or store the captured
picture. In some cases the image displayed in the preview
mode is of lower resolution than that of the captured picture. | |
| | |
| 333.12 | Modification of displayed image: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333.01. Subject matter wherein changing of the size (i.e., electronic
zooming) or aspect ratio of the displayed image is performed
by the viewfinder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
|
| | |
| 333.13 | Power saving mode: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333.01. Subject matter wherein the viewfinder is automatically turned
off by a condition.
| | (1)
Note. This mode of operation is used to conserve
battery power when the viewfinder is not in use. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
|
| | |
| 335 | Optics: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein the camera includes an optical structure
which changes a property of an incident light beam.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements, appropriate subclasses for optical devices, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 336 | Color separating optics: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter having an optical arrangement for resolving
a multi-wavelength image into its component color signals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 618+ for optical beam splitting or combining. |
|
| | |
| 337 | Prism arrangement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter including a multi-sectional refractive
optical element or a group of refractive optical elements for color-separating
the incident image.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 831+ for prism, per se. |
|
| | |
| 338 | With dichroic layer or air gap between prism sections: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Subject matter wherein the color separation is obtained
at the intersection between refractive optical elements by the optical
effect of an air gap or a layer of material having a property of passing
different colors by selectively reflecting or transmitting particular
wavelengths of a light beam incident thereon. |
| | |
| 339 | Exclusively dichroic elements: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein the separation of color components
of an image signal is performed solely by elements having a property
of passing different colors by selectively reflecting or transmitting
particular wavelengths of a light beam incident thereon. |
| | |
| 341 | Optical viewfinder: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter including an apparatus permitting an operator
to see the image that is focused on the sensor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 333.09, | for an optical viewfinder used in combination with
an electronic viewfinder. |
|
| | |
| 343 | Optical multiplexing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter including optical elements in the optical
path to the picture signal generator permitting the light output
of a plurality of diverse light sources to enter the path of the picture
signal generator.
| | (1)
Note. The light sources may include motion picture
and slide projectors, for example. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 618+ for optical elements to permit the light from plural
channels to enter a single channel. |
|
| | |
| 345 | Focus control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter including a structure to adjust a camera’s
optical arrangement so that the optical image is maximally resolved
on the sensor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 229, | for depth of focus or field in the interrelated
camera peripheral operation using an iris, a stop, or
a diaphragm. |
|
| | |
| 348 | Using active ranging: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter including a device, usually acoustical
or optical, emitting energy and detecting the reflected
emitted energy for the determination of the distance of a subject
from a camera. |
| | |
| 349 | Using image signal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter including a device for detecting a characteristic
of the video output of the camera sensor for determining a focus
condition. |
| | |
| 352 | With motion detection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Subject matter including a device to detect the movement
of an object within a scene to control or disable the automatic
focusing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 700+, | for image processing circuitry which may deal with
scene change detection. |
|
| | |
| 353 | By detecting contrast: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Subject matter including a device for detecting brightness
differences of video signal components for determining the focus
condition. |
| | |
| 359 | Fiber optics: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter including the use of an optical waveguide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 804, | for video display system using fiber optics. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclass 901.1 for fiber optics cross-reference art collection. |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides,
subclass 116 for optical imaging fiber bundles. |
|
| | |
| 360 | Lens or filter substitution: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein one or more of a plurality of wavelength
refractive or absorptive optical elements (e.g., lens
or filter) are selectively positioned in the optical path
of the camera. |
| | |
| 361 | Automatic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter wherein the selective positioning of a lens
or a filter is performed responsive to a predetermined condition
without intervention of a human operator. |
| | |
| 362 | Exposure control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter including a device for regulating the total
illumination (e.g., duration
or intensity) admitted to an imaging device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 221.1, | for exposure control in a still and motion camera
system. |
| 229.1, | for exposure control combined with image signal
automatic gain control. |
|
| | |
| 364 | Based on image signal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Subject matter including a device for analyzing the video
output of the camera for determining an exposure condition. |
| | |
| 365 | Contrast: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter including a device for detecting brightness
differences of video signal components for determining the exposure
condition. |
| | |
| 367 | Periodic shuttering: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter including an element for alternately blocking
and passing light to the image sensor at every field or frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 296, | for electronic shuttering. |
|
| | |
| 368 | Rotary: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter wherein a rotating mechanical blade or apertured
device is used to accomplish shuttering. |
| | |
| 369 | Changing viewing angle via optics: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter including an optical structure for bringing
image illumination from a certain position not on the principle
optical axis of the camera to a position within a field of view
of the camera. |
| | |
| 370 | With object or scene illumination: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter wherein a scanned object or scene is supplied
with light or radiation in addition to ambient light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 258+, | for bias illumination of the camera surface. |
|
| | |
| 371 | Flash or strobe: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 370. Subject matter wherein periodic or transient impulses of
light are applied to the scanned object or scene. |
| | |
| 372 | Power supply: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter including a detail of energy supply necessary
for the functioning of the camera.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 333.13, | for power saving modes. |
|
| | |
| 373 | Support or housing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207.99. Subject matter including a detail of a mounting or casing
structure for the picture signal generator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 333.06, | for a movable or rotatable unit for an electronic
viewfinder or display, and subclass 333.07 for
a detachable viewfinder. |
|
| | |
| 377 | CATHODE-RAY TUBE DISPLAY EXCESSIVE VOLTAGE CONTROL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a device to prevent the occurrence
of high electrical potential which may damage the cathode-ray
tube. |
| | |
| 378 | With disabling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Subject matter including a device, responsive to
a detected overvoltage, to inhibit the function of one
or more display circuits. |
| | |
| 379 | CATHODE-RAY TUBE DISPLAY AUTOMATIC BLACK LEVEL
BIAS CONTROL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a device to regulate the cut-off
potential of the cathode-ray tube. |
| | |
| 380 | CATHODE-RAY TUBE DISPLAY BEAM CURRENT CONTROL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a device to regulate or limit the
brightness of the displayed image. |
| | |
| 381 | With beam energy determining color: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Subject matter including an apparatus for imparting color
to the picture by controlling the energy supplied to the beam.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 313, | Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclass 473 for tubes with screens of the plural layer type. |
|
| | |
| 383 | MODULAR IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which includes a display system comprising
more than one display device, each displaying an image
of part of the scene being televised. |
| | |
| 384.1 | BANDWIDTH REDUCTION SYSTEM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including apparatus to compress the frequency
range of the signal produced by a picture signal generator prior
to transmission to accommodate the bandwidth limitation of the transmission
medium or means at the receiver to utilize the signal to reconstruct
an image.
| | (1)
Note. Analog television bandwidth reduction system
is classified in this subclass and its indented subclasses.
See search class notes below for the location of the digital television
bandwidth reduction system. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 341, | Coded Data Generation or Conversion,
subclasses 50 through 107for code converters wherein the signal may be encoded
to reduce bandwidth. |
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclasses 426.01 through 426.16for bandwidth reduction systems peculiar to facsimile. |
| 375, | Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 240 through 254for bandwidth reduction or expansion, especially
subclasses 240.01-240.29 for digital
television bandwidth reduction. |
| 704, | Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language
Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclasses 500 through 504for bandwidth, or time compression, or
expansion of audio signals. |
|
| | |
| 385.1 | Plural video programs in single channel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 384.1. Subject matter wherein two or more video signals are processed
to reduce their bandwidth and combined such that the combined signal bandwidth
is less than or equal to the bandwidth of one of the video signals.
| | (1)
Note. Examples are time compressing and frequency
limiting. | |
| | |
| 386.1 | Color television: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 385.1. Subject matter wherein color video signals are specified.
| | (1)
Note. The color signals may be composite (chrominance
modulated on a subcarrier) or component (e.g., luminance
and chrominance or red, green, and blue). |
| | (2)
Note. Nominal recitations are insufficient to be
classified here. | |
| | |
| 387.1 | Data rate reduction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 385.1. Subject matter wherein the compression utilizes techniques
to reduce the number of samples.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 390.1 | through 425.4, for data rate reduction in a system not including
plural video program in a single channel. |
|
| | |
| 388.1 | Multiple channel (e.g., plural
carrier): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 384.1. Subject matter wherein the signal is split and fed into
plural channels, each of which has less bandwidth than
the original signal.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are systems where the combined
bandwidth, of the plural channels, equals the
bandwidth of the input signal. | |
| | |
| 389.1 | Including one conventional or compatible channel (e.g., two
channel NTSC systems): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 388.1. Subject matter wherein one channel can be received and
utilized by a standard receiver to provide a standard display.
| | (1)
Note. Examples of signals included in the augmentation
channels are side panels to expand the aspect ratio of the high definition
display; high frequency information, both horizontal
and vertical; and extra audio information. |
| | (2)
Note. The second or additional channels are often
referred to as augmentation channels and normally cannot provide
a display by themselves. Reception of all channels allows
a high definition display. | |
| | |
| 390.1 | Data rate reduction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 384.1. Subject matter wherein the signal is processed to reduce
the number of samples.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 341, | Coded Data Generation or Conversion,
subclass 67 for data rate conversion. |
|
| | |
| 391.1 | Specified color signal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 390.1. Subject matter wherein the signals compressed are the
components of a natural color video signal (e.g., luminance
and chrominance or red, green, and blue).
| | (1)
Note. A composite signal that is separated into chrominance
and luminance or red, green, and blue is classified
herein. | |
| | |
| 392.1 | Sub-Nyquist sampling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 391.1. Subject matter wherein the bandwidth reduction is performed
by folding the higher frequencies down to fit inside a reduced frequency
spectrum by sampling at a rate less than twice the highest frequency, causing
the alias and baseband spectrums to overlap.
| | (1)
Note. The Nyquist criteria states that the sampling
rate should be at least twice the baseband. In sub-Nyquist
systems, the sampling rate is less than the required Nyquist
sampling rate. |
| | (2)
Note. The alias components, which are generated
by sampling and centered on the sampling frequency, are
normally placed in teeth or gaps of the video spectrum to allow
recovery of the original full band signal. |
| | (3)
Note. These systems often use comb filters (two- or
three-dimensional filters using line, field, or
frame delays) to remove any signal in the gaps. | |
| | |
| 393.1 | Direct coding of color composite signal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 391.1. Subject matter wherein the video signal that is band reduced
is a video signal having a color subcarrier in the same band as
the luminance signal or black and white signal.
| | (1)
Note. Examples are NTSC, PAL, or SECAM. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 391.1, | for systems that receive a color composite signal, separates
it into luminance and chrominance components, and reduces
the band of the separated components. |
|
| | |
| 395.1 | Transform coding: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 393.1. Subject matter including a remapping of image values (e.g., between
spatial and frequency domains).
| | (1)
Note. The video signals and frequency domain can
have one, two, or three dimensions (horizontal, vertical, and temporal). | |
| | |
| 400.1 | Involving hybrid transform and difference coding: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 390.1. Subject matter wherein a remapping of image values (i.e., between
spatial and frequency domains) occurs in combination with
a diminution of signal quantity by comparison with a preceding signal.
| | (1)
Note. The preceding signal may be a temporal or spatial
signal. | |
| | |
| 402.1 | Including motion vector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 401.1. Subject matter wherein the comparison is used to produce
a signal indicative of the magnitude and direction of spatial change
during the stated temporal interval. |
| | |
| 404.1 | Adaptive: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 403.1. Subject matter wherein an operation or parameter of the
encoder is varied based upon the output signal. |
| | |
| 405.1 | Sampling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 404.1. Subject matter wherein the operation or varied parameter
relates to signal amplitudes. |
| | |
| 407.1 | Motion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 404.1. Subject matter wherein the operation or parameter is varied
as a result of spatial change during a temporal interval. |
| | |
| 413.1 | Including motion vector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 412.1. Subject matter wherein at least one comparison is used
to produce a signal indicative of the magnitude and direction of
spatial change during the stated temporal interval. |
| | |
| 416.1 | Including motion vector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 415.1. Subject matter wherein a signal is produced which is indicative
of the magnitude and direction of spatial change during the stated
temporal interval. |
| | |
| 424.2 | Adaptive: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 424.1. Subject matter wherein the sampling rate is determined
by image signal content. |
| | |
| 425.3 | Involving signal formatting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 425.1. Subject matter wherein the further circuitry combines
the time variable video signal with a synchronizing signal to allow
reconstruction of an image and converts the resultant signal into a
format suitable for storage or transmission.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 441 | through 459, appropriate subclasses for format conversion circuitry, per
se, in television. |
| 469 | through 496, appropriate subclasses for format circuitry, per
se, in television. |
|
| | |
| 425.4 | Involving synchronization: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 425.1. Subject matter wherein further circuitry utilizes a synchronizing
signal component to maintain a proper time or phase correspondence
between components of the rate reduction encoding/decoding
process with respect to a regular television frame rate of 25 to
30 frames per second (e.g., 100
frames per second, etc.).
| | (1)
Note. Systems in this collection are mostly used
to view high speed motion (e.g., a
bullet or an airplane in motion, etc.). | |
| | |
| 426.1 | Format type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 384.1. Subject matter including systems that produce a narrow
band signal, which resembles a conventional TV signal, from
a broadband source and allow reconstruction of a broadband display.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are systems in which additional
video information is transmitted by using a subcarrier, sampling, additional
modulation of the picture carrier (e.g., quadrature), undulatory scanning, line
number conversion, or placing an extra video in normal
blanking areas. | |
| | |
| 427.1 | Including frequency folding (e.g., subsampling): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 426.1. Subject matter wherein additional information is embedded
in the video signal by causing the alias components centered about
the sampling frequency to extend into the normal baseband signal.
| | (1)
Note. Systems that use a subcarrier to achieve the
same effect are classified herein. |
| | (2)
Note. Recitation and recognition of frequency folding
is not required for classification herein. |
| | (3)
Note. The lower sideband of the alias components
has the F or F s -F v, with F s being the sampling
frequency, and F v being the video frequency the higher
F v (the lower the alias F s -F v) the
frequency folding occurs around F s/2. | |
| | |
| 428.1 | Spotwobble (e.g., pixels
from plural lines form single transmitted line): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 427.1. Subject matter wherein at least some pixels on the same
transmitted line are vertically displaced from each other in addition
to the horizontal displacement between pixels.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are systems that have vertically
aligned samples as long as the scan is generally horizontal. |
| | (2)
Note. Systems that scan vertically are not classified
herein. |
| | (3)
Note. The source and display either have more lines
than the transmitted signal or undulate the scan. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 206, | for special scanning which may include systems that
scan in vertical, spiral, random, or
zigzag. |
|
| | |
| 429.1 | Including video-related information: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 427.1. Subject matter including signals, in addition
to the video signals, used in the receiver to reconstruct
a broadband signal resembling the original broadband signal.
| | (1)
Note. Examples of video-related information
are motion vectors or motion indicators. | |
| | |
| 430.1 | Using two or more frames: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 427.1. Subject matter wherein the same pixel is sampled at least
every other frame.
| | (1)
Note. Such systems are often referred to as dot interlaced. |
| | (2)
Note. Such systems require several frames to build
up the broadband display. | |
| | |
| 432.1 | Added video information in standard channel format: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 426.1. Subject matter wherein the narrow band signal is a conventional
TV signal, and the broadband display is reconstructed using
the conventional signal and at least one other signal is transmitted
with the conventional signal.
| | (1)
Note. The conventional signal is usable by itself
to produce a narrow band display. Chrominance information
is not considered additional video information. |
| | (2)
Note. Examples of the conventional TV signals are
NTSC, PAL, or SECAM. | |
| | |
| 433.1 | Including additional modulation of picture carrier (e.g., quadrature): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 432.1. Subject matter wherein the other video information modulates
the picture carrier in a manner different than the conventional
signal.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are quadrature modulation, phase
modulation, and frequency modulation involving modulation
of a carrier of the same frequency as the picture carrier and differing
in phase by 90 degrees. | |
| | |
| 436.1 | Including use of a subcarrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 432.1. Subject matter wherein the additional signal is modulated
on a carrier having a frequency other than the picture carrier and
is located in the bandwidth of the video signal. |
| | |
| 439.1 | Frame field or line dropping followed by time expansion
and time compression: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 384.1. Subject matter wherein the original signal is band reduced
by decimating frames, fields, or lines and time
expanding the signal to occupy the time base of the original signal.
| | (1)
Note. The process is reversed at the receiver to
produce a signal having at least the same frame, field, and
line rate as the original signal. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 438.1, | for similar systems that also produce a different
signal for the missing line field or frame which is band limited. |
|
| | |
| 440.1 | Scan rate variation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 384.1. Subject matter wherein the frequency range is reduced
by lowering the speed of the scanning at the time significant transitions
in the image occur and resume higher scanning speed when little
or no transition occurs. |
| | |
| 441 | FORMAT CONVERSION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including particular methods or apparatus
for converting one format into another format.
| | (1)
Note. Examples of converters found herein are NTSC
to PAL or SECAM, High Vision to NTSC, or field
sequential color to simultaneous color signal (e.g., NTSC). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 333.12, | for modification of images. |
|
| | |
| 444 | Specified chrominance signal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter including structure or process for converting
a first chrominance signal into a second chrominance signal (e.g., converting from
the quadrature modulated NTSC chrominance to either the line reversing
PAL quadrature signal or the line alternating frequency modulated
SECAM chrominance). |
| | |
| 445 | Conversion between standards with different aspect ratios: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Subject matter wherein input and output signals have different
width to height ratios and the conversion adjusts the ratios.
| | (1)
Note. Examples herein are systems that select the
standard 4:3 aspect ratio of a wide aspect ratio signal
or systems that fill in the top and bottom of a 4:3 aspect ratio (e.g., letter
box) to display a wide aspect ratio signal. | |
| | |
| 446 | Progressive to interlace: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Subject matter wherein an input signal has all the lines
scanned during one vertical period and an output signal requires
at least two vertical periods to scan all the lines.
| | (1)
Note. In the input signal the spatially adjacent
lines are temporally adjacent while in the output signal the spatially adjacent
lines are not temporally adjacent and the temporally adjacent lines are
not spatially adjacent. |
| | (2)
Note. Often the conversion also changes the frame
rate, but such frame rate conversion is not required for
classification herein. | |
| | |
| 447 | Field rate type flicker compensating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Subject matter comprising means to decrease the period of
the output signal below 1/60th of a second to reduce large
area flicker in a display.
| | (1)
Note. Rate change between formats such as NTSC and
PAL are classified in subclass 459 or subclass 441. |
| | (2)
Note. These systems can include line number doubling
or halving. | |
| | |
| 448 | Line doublers type (e.g., interlace
to progressive IDTV type): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Subject matter wherein an input signal has N lines per vertical
period and an output signal contains at least 2N lines per vertical
period.
| | (1)
Note. Most systems use a progressive scan where vertical
periods (field) are in the same position on the
display as compared with an interlaced system where lines in adjacent
fields are offset. Classified herein are systems that double
the number of the lines and produce an interlace display (e.g., conversion
from 525 2:1 to either 525 1:1 or 1050 2:1). | |
| | |
| 449 | Including nonstandard signal detection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 448. Subject matter including a means for determining whether
the signal has a fixed line period (broadcast) or
a variable line period (tape machine).
| | (1)
Note. These systems normally switch operating modes
using the previous field for standard signal and line interpolation for
nonstandard signals. | |
| | |
| 450 | Specified chrominance processing (e.g., Y/C separation): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 448. Subject matter including a means for processing a composite
color signal (a signal with a color subcarrier in the luminance
band like NTSC, PAL, or SECAM).
| | (1)
Note. The processing is normally chrominance luminance
separation wherein the normal field delay used in line doubling
is also used as a delay for chrominance luminance separation. | |
| | |
| 451 | Motion adaptive: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Subject matter including a detector which senses field to
field or frame to frame differences and which processing has at
least two modes (e.g., still, moving, slow
motion, or fast motion) with the difference signal
selecting the mode.
| | (1)
Note. The two modes maybe either the line doubling
selecting between the previous field or interpolation or some other two
modes processing like Y/C separation or noise reduction. | |
| | |
| 452 | Motion adaptive: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 448. Subject matter including a detector which senses field to
field or frame to frame differences and which has at least two modes
of line doubling (e.g., still, moving, slow
motion, or fast motion) with the difference signal
selecting the mode. |
| | |
| 453 | Specified chrominance processing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Subject matter wherein an input color signal and an output
color signal differ in the method in which the color information
is assembled and wherein the system changes from the first method
of assembly to the second method of assembly. |
| | |
| 454 | PAL to NTSC or vice versa: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein a chrominance signal having the phase
of one of the quadrature components inverted in alternating lines
is converted into a quadrature modulated chrominance signal without
phase inversion or vice versa. |
| | |
| 455 | In which simultaneous signals are converted into sequential
signals or vice versa: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein one of the signals has information
for all three colors, red (R), green (G), and
blue (B) all the time and the other has information
for no more than two colors at any one time with at least two signals
being time division multiplexed.
| | (1)
Note. Systems that alternate signals at the pixel
rate (dot sequential) are considered simultaneous. |
| | (2)
Note. Included herein are systems that convert from
SECAM to PAL or NTSC or vice versa. | |
| | |
| 458 | Changing number of lines for standard conversion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Subject matter including a means for converting numbers
of line per field of an input signal to different numbers of lines
per field of output signals.
| | (1)
Note. Details of how output lines are formed from
the input lines are classified herein. | |
| | |
| 460 | DIVERSE DEVICE CONTROLLED BY INFORMATION EMBEDDED IN VIDEO SIGNAL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a device other than the normal
video processing circuits of a receiver which is controlled by a
signal added to a normal TV signal. |
| | |
| 461 | NONPICTORIAL DATA PACKET IN TELEVISION FORMAT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein lines of a TV signal are used to
carry coded character data. |
| | |
| 462 | Audio: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 461. Subject matter wherein the coded character data represent
audio information. |
| | |
| 464 | Sync: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 461. Subject matter including details of synchronizing a coded
character transmitted with a coded character receiver. |
| | |
| 467 | Data format: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 461. Subject matter wherein details of the character code format
are specified. |
| | |
| 469 | FORMAT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including particular methods or apparatus
for combining the time variable video signal with a synchronizing
signal to allow reconstruction of the image from which the video
signal originated. |
| | |
| 472 | Pulse code modulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Subject matter wherein the video is quantized into plural
bits and the amplitude spikes represent either a one or zero with
the absence of a pulse representing the other. |
| | |
| 473 | Including additional information: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 469. Subject matter including a signal component other than the
video and sync components.
| | (1)
Note. Additional information includes sound signal
which may or may not be related to the image carried by the video signal. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 426+, | for similar systems wherein the added signal is
an additional part of the image such as a side panel, a
high frequency component, or a vertical high frequency
component. |
|
| | |
| 475 | Additional modulation of picture carrier (e.g., quadrature): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Subject matter wherein the additional signal directly modulates
a carrier of the same frequency as the picture carrier.
| | (1)
Note. Most often the addition modulation is amplitude
modulation of a carrier at 90 degrees to the picture carrier which is
called quadrature modulation. However, both phase
and frequency modulation of the carrier before or after amplitude
modulation of the carrier by the video are classified herein. | |
| | |
| 481 | Plural (e.g., stereo
or SAP): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter including more than one audio signal.
| | (1)
Note. The audio signals may be related such as stereo
or unrelated such as a second language. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 381, | Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 1+ for binaural and stereophonic, per se. |
|
| | |
| 483 | Plural (e.g., stereo
or SAP): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter including more than one audio signal.
| | (1)
Note. The audio signals may be related such as stereo
or unrelated such as a second language. | |
| | |
| 485 | Plural (e.g., stereo
or SAP): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter including more than one audio signal.
| | (1)
Note. The audio signals may be related such as stereo
or unrelated such as a second language. | |
| | |
| 490 | Field or frame sequential systems: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Subject matter wherein signals are transmitted sequentially
with a duration of at least one vertical period.
| | (1)
Note. Dot sequential systems which select one color
or luminance pixel followed by another color pixel etc., are classified
in subclass 492. | |
| | |
| 491 | Simultaneous and sequential (e.g., SECAM): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Subject matter wherein a single color or luminance signal
is transmitted continuously while at least two additional color
signals are transmitted alternately at a rate substantially less than
the pixel or elemental rate. |
| | |
| 492 | Simultaneous signals: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Subject matter wherein a plurality of color signals or luminance
and color signals are transmitted simultaneously. |
| | |
| 494 | Dot sequential: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Subject matter wherein the components are time division
multiplexed at the pixel or element rate. |
| | |
| 495 | Of sync signal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 469. Subject matter wherein the format includes details of sync
information for transmission. |
| | |
| 496 | Color: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter wherein the sync information is for a color
TV signal. |
| | |
| 497 | FLUTTER OR JITTER CORRECTION (E.G., DYNAMIC
REPRODUCTION): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including circuitry for correcting a timebase
error of a video signal which may vary with respect to time. |
| | |
| 500 | SYNCHRONIZATION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including particular techniques or apparatus
for utilizing synchronizing signal components to maintain proper
time or phase correspondence between scanning components of the
television system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 327, | Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems,
subclasses 141+ for miscellaneous synchronizing circuits. |
| 331, | Oscillators,
subclasses 20 , 21, 145, 149, 153, and
172 for TV sync type oscillators and oscillators with sync circuits. |
| 361, | Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 243+ for electrical systems including synchronization of
shafts. |
|
| | |
| 501 | Reprocessing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter including means for extracting, processing, or
reinserting the sync signal of a video signal. |
| | |
| 506 | Burst gate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Subject matter including specific circuitry for separating
the burst from other components of a composite color signal. |
| | |
| 508 | Digital: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 507. Subject matter wherein the demodulator is implemented using
digital circuitry. |
| | |
| 511 | Control of picture position: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter including means for directly changing the
phase or time relationship between a video signal and its sync signal
components in order to produce picture translation upon display. |
| | |
| 513 | Frame or field synchronizers: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter in which the audio or video data is written
into a frame or field memory according to its own time or phase
and read out according to the reference time or phase. |
| | |
| 515 | Audio to video: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter including means for changing the time or
phase of one of a video or audio signal so as to be in time or phase
with the other one of the audio or video signals. |
| | |
| 520 | Color: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter wherein the sync signal components are for
natural color signals. |
| | |
| 521 | Sync generation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter including methods and apparatus for the generation
of the synchronizing signal components necessary for the proper synchronization
between components of the television system.
| | (1)
Note. Included in this subclass is apparatus for
the generation of synchronizing signal components to achieve interlace scanning. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 327, | Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems,
subclasses 141+ for miscellaneous synchronizing circuits. |
|
| | |
| 522 | Means on video signal generator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 521. Subject matter including means integral with the picture
signal generator for producing the synchronizing signal components (e.g., separate
aperture on a Nipkow disc for sync pulse generation conductive strip
at raster edge on vidicon for sync signal generation). |
| | |
| 525 | Sync separation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter including apparatus for separating the synchronizing
signal components or a synchronizing signal component from other portions
of a television signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 327, | Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems,
subclasses 1+ for miscellaneous pulse selecting and separating
circuits. |
|
| | |
| 527 | Color: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 526. Subject matter wherein the TV signals are natural color
signals. |
| | |
| 532 | By amplitude: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Subject matter wherein the sync signal components are separated
based on amplitude. |
| | |
| 533 | Noise reduction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Subject matter including apparatus for reducing the deleterious
effects of noise on the utilization of the synchronizing signal
components. |
| | |
| 534 | Amplitude limiting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Subject matter including apparatus to amplitude limit the
synchronizing signal components to reduce the effects of noise on
the utilization of such components. |
| | |
| 535 | Noise inversion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Subject matter including apparatus for inverting the polarity
of noise components associated with the synchronizing signal components
and algebraically adding such inverted noise components to the synchronizing
signal components to reduce the effects of noise on the utilization
of the synchronizing signal components. |
| | |
| 539 | Color: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter wherein the sync signal components are for
natural color signals. |
| | |
| 543 | Line rates: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 542. Subject matter wherein the distinct modes correspond to
different line rates. |
| | |
| 546 | Countdown: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Subject matter including a resetting divider for controlling
the phase or time of the oscillating signal in response to the horizontal
sync. |
| | |
| 548 | Countdown: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Subject matter including a resetting divider for controlling
the phase or time of the oscillating signal in response to the vertical
sync. |
| | |
![[Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 348]](../as.gif)
CLASS 348,