Skip header and go to main content

Classification Resources
 

 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 345]   CLASS 345,COMPUTER GRAPHICS PROCESSING AND SELECTIVE VISUAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS
Click here for a printable version of this file

SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class provides for processes and apparatus for selective electrical control of two or more light-generating or light-controlling display elements* in accordance with a received or stored image data signal. The image data includes character, graphical information or display attribute data. The image data may include, for example, information data from a peripheral input device, from the reception of a television signal, from the recognition of image data, or from the generation or creation of image data by a computer.

This class also provides for digital data processing systems or methods for data processing for visual presentation, wherein the processing of data includes the creation or manipulation of graphic objects (e.g., artificial images), or text.

SCOPE OF THE CLASS

(1) Note. This class includes a display controller* for accessing image data. The display control includes, for example, control between a display memory and the display elements*. The display control may be performed by a processor, wherein enhancements for a previously created and stored image are provided. Examples of such display control include display memory addressing, display screen energizing, and received image data control in response to input signals applied to the display control to provide an enhanced image for display. A specific display system* in combination with a data processor or computer is classified herein.
(2) Note. The display elements* of this class include, for example, (1) a CRT display wherein visual elements* of the image or message originate at the light-emitting screen of a cathode-ray tube, (2) a flat panel display (non-CRT display system*) wherein visual elements* of image or message are the result of light producers or light controllers arranged in a tangible mechanical grouping or array, (3) any matrix arrangement of light-generating or light-controlling display elements* with selective electrical display control, or (4) any plural arrangement of segmented light-generating or light-controlling display elements* with selective electrical display control.
(3) Note. Claimed subject matter directed to a display function (waveform) generator combined with a display is classified herein unless there is claimed structure relating to the manner in which the waveform is detected or measured.
(4) Note. Generally, significantly claimed structure external to this class, claimed in combination with subject matter under the class definition above, which displays or produces an image or message related to such external structure or its function, is classified in the class appropriate to the external structure; however, a significantly claimed operator interface claimed in combination with computer graphics processing such as attribute processing or graphic manipulation, which displays or produces an image or message related to such operator interface is classified herein. Further, nominally claimed structure external to this class, claimed in combination with subject matter under this class definition, is classified in this class unless provided for in the appropriate external class.
(5) Note. This class provides for peripheral input devices which include a manually actuatable selective means (e.g., keyboards, light pens, joysticks, mice, and touch tablets etc.) to selectively input the information data to the selective display control which translates the selective input into a message symbol or image, (e.g., a character or graphic object) on the display to an observer.
(6) Note. This class also provides for display storage devices such as display memory with more than nominal recitation of their organization and structure claimed for storing the previously created or generated data to be displayed on the display.
(7) Note. Graphic objects of this class are defined by their coordinates, shape, size, and attributes. Such graphic objects define a portion of a displayed image and may be a combination of computer generated objects and real life images.
(8) Note. Information processing for creating a visual image which includes more than a nominal recitation of information processing is classified herein.
(9) Note. The use of a memory system for processing in conjunction with a data presentation/computer graphics system (e.g., for manipulating the addressing or contents of image or text data stored in a memory) is classified herein.
(10) Note. Font generation for display and font processing to form the character patterns is classified herein.
(11) Note. Color information processing wherein the color in the image is calculated, is classified herein (e.g., shading, interpolating color values in a polygon).
(12) Note. Generation or manipulation of three dimensional or perspective display information or objects, generation or control of a mapping pattern, or animation are classified in this class.
(13) Note. Systems which display a change of appearance, where the change is computer generated (e.g., creation or modification of hairstyles or clothing to be overlaid with a video image or a model), are classified in this class.

SECTION II - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

40Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   particularly subclass 406 for display device with gas or liquid movement.
74Machine Element or Mechanism,   particularly subclass 471 for control elements which move in two planes.
116Signals and Indicators,   particularly subclasses 200 through 337for various indicators.
178Telegraphy,   particularly subclasses 18.01 through 20.04for digitizing writing tablets, stylus, and circuits.
200Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   particularly subclass 5 for multiple switch control.
235Registers,   particularly subclasses 375 through 386for systems controlled by data bearing records which may include selective display; various subclasses for basic machines and associated indicating mechanisms for ascertaining the number of movements of various devices and machines, plus machines made from these basic machines alone (e.g., cash registers, voting machines), and in combination with various perfecting features, such as printers and recording means.
250Radiant Energy,   subclasses 200 through 239for light detection using photocell circuitry and subclass 553 for light source array or matrix.
257Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes),   appropriate subclasses for single, plural, and integrated element solid-state light source.
273Amusement Devices: Games,   appropriate subclasses for TV games using display device.
313Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   appropriate subclasses for some light sources, per se, particularly subclasses 484 through 493for gaseous discharge display panel and subclasses 498-512 for solid-state type device.
315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   appropriate subclasses for structure of cathode-ray tube energizing circuits and subclass 169.1 – 169.4 for structure of panel display devices (e.g., electroluminescent and gas display).
324Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   subclass 121 for measuring and testing electricity using a CRT.
326Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,   appropriate subclassesfor electronic digital logic circuits; and appropriate subclasses for generic digital logic devices, circuitry, and subcombinations thereof, wherein nonarithmetical operations are performed upon discrete electrical signals representing a value normally described by numerical digits.
327Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,   subclasses 108 through 112for miscellaneous current driving circuits.
340Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 1.1 through 16.1for controlling one or more devices to obtain a plurality of results by transmission of a designated one of plural distinctive control signals over a smaller number of communication lines or channels, particularly subclasses 2.1-2.8 for path selection, subclass 2.81 for tree or cascade selective communication, subclasses 3.1-3.9 for communication systems where status of a controlled device is communicated, subclasses 4.2 and 4.21 for synchronizing selective communication systems, subclasses 9.1-9.17 for addressing, and subclasses 12.1-12.55 for pulse responsive actuation.
341Coded Data Generation or Conversion,   subclasses 22 through 34for bodily actuated code generation relating to a keyboard; and various subclasses for electrical pulse and digit code converters (e.g., systems for originating or emitting a coded set of discrete signals or translating one code into another code wherein the meaning of the data remains the same but the formats may differ).
342Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation),   subclass 142 for radar display systems using a CRT display.
348Television,   appropriate subclassesfor systems and subsystems for display of television (real time scanned produced) signals.
349Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,   appropriate subclasses for the details of a liquid crystal cell structure.
352Optics: Motion Pictures,   subclass 87 where motion picture animation will be found.
353Optics: Image Projectors,   appropriate subclasses for specifics of optics involved with an image projector.
358Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   subclasses 1.1 through 1.18for static presentation processing.
359Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 237 through 324for structure relating to an optical modulator and subclasses 443-461 for projection screens.
360Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,   (which is an integral part of Class 369 following subclass 18 ), appropriate subclasses for record carriers and systems wherein information is stored and retrieved by interaction with a medium and there is relative motion between a medium and a transducer, for example, magnetic disk drive devices and control thereof, per se.
362Illumination,   appropriate subclasses for a specific illumination device and particularly subclasses 227 through 252for plural light sources for general lighting uses.
365Static Information Storage and Retrieval,   subclasses 106 through 119and 120-128 for storage systems using visible light for the retrieval of stored information instead of for the display of a selected image (message or data); and various subclasses for addressable static singular storage elements or plural singular storage elements of the same type (i.e., the internal elements of memory, per se).
368Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices,   subclasses 223 through 242for displays of time (i.e., watches).
369Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,   particularly subclasses 99 through 175for information handling in conjunction with a dynamic store; and various subclasses for record carriers and systems wherein information is stored and retrieved by interaction with a medium and there is relative motion between a medium and a transducer.
377Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,   subclasses 112 through 113for display control with registers; and various subclasses for generic circuits for pulse counting.
379Telephonic Communications,   subclass 96 for displaying digital information on a terminal.
380Cryptography,   appropriate subclasses for cryptographic electric signal modification in general.
382Image Analysis,   appropriate subclasses, for previously scanned image data and for image recognition, processing and nominal display relating to such recognition; and various subclasses for operations performed on image data with the aim of measuring a characteristic of an image, detecting variations, detecting structures, or transforming the image data, and for procedures for analyzing and categorizing patterns present in image data.
400Typewriting Machines,   particularly subclasses 83 through 85for typewriting machines including a display.
434Education and Demonstration,   subclasses 1 through 10for system performing distant object energy sensing wherein said systems include a display, subclasses 307 and 323 for educational system including a CRT.
463Amusement Devices: Games,   subclasses 1 through 47, where there is recited a method or apparatus for moving or processing information specified as game or contest information (e.g., a video game, etc.), especially subclasses 31-34 for specifics of processing visual information data in a game or contest appropriate for Class 463.
705Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination,   appropriate subclasses for user interface specific to business practice.
707Data Processing: Database, Data Mining, and File Management or Data Structures,   subclasses 634 and 805 for database specific user interface.
708Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating,   subclasses 270 through 277for mathematical function generation and subclass 849 for specialized analog function generation including a CRT display.
713Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support,   subclass 187 and 188 for software program protection or computer virus detection in combination with data encryption.
714Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,   appropriate subclasses for generic electrical pulse or pulse coded data error detection and correction.
715Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing,   appropriate subclasses for document processing specific user interface, for an operator interface generally, or for screen saver display processing.

SECTION III - GLOSSARY

The following terms have been defined for purposes of classification in this class. In the class and subclass definition of this class, terms used in a sense defined below are indicated by an asterisk (*). When these terms are not indicated by an asterisk(*) in the definitions, the meaning is not restricted to the glossary definitions below.

ADDRESS DATA

Data that represent or identify a source or destination. (also see: Data)

ALPHANUMERIC

Any symbol found in the ASCII character set.

BUS

A conductor used for transferring data, signals, or power.

COMPUTER

A machine that inputs data, processes data, stores data, and outputs data.

DATA

Representation of information in a coded manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing. Also see: Address Data; Instruction Data; Status Data; User Data.

DATA PROCESSING

See PROCESSING, below.

DISPLAY CONTROLLER

An electrical circuit which actuates a display device* in accordance with received image data*.

DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM

An arrangement of processor(s) in combination with either memory or peripherals, or both, performing data processing.

DISPLAY DEVICE

A communication device which converts image data* into a visual image*.

DISPLAY ELEMENT

Means for producing a visual effect in a display device* comprised of a plurality (e.g., matrix) of such means.

DISPLAY SYSTEM

A system which comprises one or more display termnals* or one or more display devices*.

DISPLAY TERMINAL

A unit which comprises at least one display device* and user interface control means (e.g., mouse).

IMAGE DATA

The information provided to form the visual image*.

INFORMATION

Meaning that a human being assigns to data by means of the conventions applied to that data.

INSTRUCTION DATA

Data that represent an operation and identify its operands, if any. (also see: Data)

MEMORY

A functional unit to which data can be stored and from which data can be retrieved.

PERIPHERAL

A functional unit that transmits data to or receives data from a computer to which it is coupled.

PROCESSING

Methods or apparatus performing systematic operations upon data or information exemplified by functions such as data or information transferring, merging, sorting, and computing (i.e., arithmetic operations or logical operations).

(1) Note. In this class, the glossary term data is used to modify processing in the term data processing; whereas the term digital data processing system refers to a machine performing data processing.
(2) Note. In an effort to avoid redundant constructions, in this class, where appropriate, the term address data processing is used in place of address data data processing.

PROCESSOR

A functional unit that interprets and executes instruction data.

STATUS DATA

Data that represent conditions of data, digital data processing systems, computers, peripherals, memory, etc. (also see: Data)

USER DATA

Data other than address data, instruction data, or status data. (also see: Data)

VISUAL ELEMENT

The smallest constituent part of a composite visual image*. A visual element* may be the visual effect produced by a display element*.

VISUAL IMAGE

The resultant image shown by the display device*.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 1.1]    1.1PLURAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including more than one visual display system.
(1) Note. The use of adjacent Arts to display a large image is typical of this type of plural display system.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

4,for a single display system having plural display devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

709Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring,   appropriate subclassesfor transmission of information among multiple computer systems.
710Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output,   subclasses 1 through 74for input/output data processing, and subclasses 100-132 for intrasystem connection in a digital data processing system.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 1.2]    1.2Data transmitted or received at surface of display:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Subject matter wherein the more than one visual display system includes plural display terminals in which a user uses an electronic device to transmit and or receive data at the display surface by electromagnetic means.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 1.3]    1.3Tiling or modular adjacent displays:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Subject matter wherein the more than one visual display system includes plural displays adjacent to be viewed by the same user.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 2.1]    2.1Remotely located:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Subject matter wherein the more than one visual display system includes plural display terminals that are positioned at separate locations where they cannot be viewed simultaneously.
(1) Note. Display terminals in different offices of a work environment are typical of this type of plural display system.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 2.2]    2.2Presentation of similar images:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1.  Subject matter wherein the plural display terminals positioned at separate locations have similar images that are controlled by the users at the separate locations.
(1) Note. These systems are used to jointly edit a common image or text that is simultaneously displayed.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 2.3]    2.3Wireless connection:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1.  Subject matter wherein the plural display terminals positioned at separate locations receive data for display by wireless means and require further processing before driving a computer display.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 3.1]    3.1Diverse systems (e.g., CRT or LCD interface):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Subject matter wherein the plural display systems are different types.
(1) Note. Different types of display systems include Arts, Led, Lacs, plasma, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 3.2]    3.2Frame, field, or scan rate conversion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Subject matter wherein the different display types require a conversion of the frame, field, or scan rate before driving each display type.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 3.3]    3.3Number of pixels per row or column conversion (i.e., resolution conversion):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Subject matter wherein the different display types require a conversion of the number of pixel per row and/or column before driving each display type.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 3.4]    3.4Controller automatically senses monitor resolution:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.3.  Subject matter wherein the selective electrical control determines, without human intervention, the maximum number of pixels that can be displayed on a display.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 4]    4SINGLE DISPLAY SYSTEM HAVING STACKED SUPERIMPOSED DISPLAY DEVICES (E.G., TANDEM):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which one transparent display device* is positioned above another display device*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

629through 641, for a single display device having a superimposed overlay.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 5]    5Diverse display devices:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Subject matter wherein the stacked display devices* are different types of display devices* (e.g., EL and LCD).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3.1,for diverse plural display systems.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 6]    6Three-dimensional arrays:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Subject matter wherein the images from the stacked superimposed display devices* together provide a resultant display with perspective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

419,for three-dimensional presentation processing.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 7]    7IMAGE SUPERPOSITION BY OPTICAL MEANS (E.G., HEADS-UP DISPLAY):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a single visual image* from a display device* is superimposed with an external world scene by some light-affecting means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

340Communication: Electrical,   subclasses 901+ for external condition vehicle-mounted indicators.
359Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 630+ for specific optical components of heads-up arrangement.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 8]    8Operator body-mounted heads-up display (e.g., helmet mounted display):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Subject matter wherein the display device* for providing the single visual image* is assembled on a helmet worn on the operator"s head or is carried on the operator"s body.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 9]    9Plural image superposition:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Subject matter wherein at least two visual images* from at least two display devices*, respectively, are superimposed by some light-affecting means.
(1) Note. Examples of light-affecting means include lenses, mirrors, reflectors, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 10]    10DATA RESPONSIVE CRT DISPLAY CONTROL:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including means for controlling a cathode-ray tube to display visual image data*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

180,for light pen for CRT display.
418+,for significant structure of a data processor or computer architecture wherein elements of computation or data processing techniques are used in connection with a CRT creation or manipulation of s:graphic objects or text performed by a computer or processor in connection with a CRT.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

313Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclasses 364+ for structure of the cathode-ray tube.
315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclasses 8.51+ and 169.1+ for a CRT system and a CRT signal control means with no selective data control of display elements.
348Television,   appropriate subclasses for a display of television or of video, with receiver related electronic generation and control of an image of the channel to which the receiver is tuned.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 11]    11CRT provides display control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter wherein the control means includes a CRT for driving a second CRT, the second CRT providing the visual image data* to be displayed.
(1) Note. Display systems which include a first CRT, used as part of a driving circuit and not providing the resultant display, for driving a second CRTproviding the resultant display is found herein.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 12]    12Data responsive deflection and intensity control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter wherein the control means controls both the electron beam"s deflection and its intensity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

13+,for data responsive deflection control for a CRT.
20+,for data responsive intensity control for a CRT.
589through 605, for intensity control for a generic display device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclasses 364+ and 383+ for CRT deflection circuits and intensity control wherein no selective data control of display elements is provided.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 13]    13Data responsive deflection control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter in which the control means is responsive to input data or an input message and affects the images by controlling electron beam"s deflection in the CRT.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclasses 364+ for CRTdeflection circuits.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 14]    14X and Y axis deflection control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Subject matter wherein the electron beam"s deflection is controlled in both horizontal and vertical directions in the CRT.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 15]    15Curvilinear deflection control (e.g., lissajous):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Subject matter in which the control means generates a complex waveform which includes some frequency and its harmonics with varying phases whereby the image may be built up by a circular or curvilinear deflection.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 16]    16Stroke or vector:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Subject matter wherein the image includes a straight line produced from an input data which may represent terminal points or a point with magnitude and direction.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 17]    17Strokes for forming characters:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter wherein the strokes formed on the CRT result in the generation of alphanumeric* data.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

26,for a character generator used with a CRT.
194,for a character generator used with a generic display device.
467through 472.3, for a character display on a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 18]    18Up/down counter:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter including a means for determining the points of the stroke or vector in incremental steps.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

377Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,   appropriate subclasses for counters in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 19]    19Impedance array:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Subject matter in which the control means includes an arrangement of impedances for controlling the electron beam"s deflection.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 20]    20Data responsive intensity control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter in which the control means is responsive to input data or an input message and controls the brilliance of an image on the CRT.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

63,for fluid light-emitter matrix-type display device with intensity control.
77,for electroluminescent matrix-type display device with intensity control.
589through 605, for intensity control for a generic display device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclasses 383+ for CRT intensity control wherein no selective data control of display elements is provided.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 21]    21Magnetic element array:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Subject matter including a plurality of magnetic element means providing the brilliance information to the CRT.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 22]    22Color display:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter wherein the visual image* contains more than two colors to be displayed on the CRT.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

72,for fluid light-emitter matrix color display.
83,for solid body light-emitter color display.
88,for liquid crystal color display.
589through 605, for selectable color attributes or for color surface detail/characteristics relating to a visual image to be displayed by a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 23]    23Graphic and alphanumeric display:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter wherein the control means selectably provides an image representative of an object (e.g., a plane, boat, etc.) and of a font of alphanumeric* characters on the CRT.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

24,for a graphic CRT display.
25,for an alphanumeric CRT display.
440through 472.3, for a character and graphical display on a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 24]    24Graphic display:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter wherein the control means selectably provides an image representative of an object (e.g., a plane, boat, etc.) on the CRT.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

440through 472.3, for a graphical display on a generic display device.
660through 671, for graphical image size control.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 25]    25Alphanumeric display:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter wherein the control means selectably provides an image of a font of alphanumeric* characters on the CRT.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

467through 472, for a character display on a generic display device.
660through 671, for alphanumeric image size controlling.
672through 688, for alphanumeric image scrolling.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

340Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 815.53+ for lighted alphanumeric visual indicator.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 26]    26Character generator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Subject matter wherein the control means includes a storage means used as a source of the alphanumeric* characters.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

194,for a character generator used with a generic display device.
467through 472, for a character display on a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 27]    27Combined with storage means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter wherein the control means includes a means to retain or to store data elements being applied to the CRT.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

507+,for a memory system in connection with computer display processing hardware.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

365Static Information Storage and Retrieval,   appropriate subclasses for static storage systems using visible light for the retrieval of stored information instead of for the display of a selected image.
369Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,   appropriate subclasses for dynamic storage systems using visible light for the retrieval of stored information instead of for the display of a selected image.
711Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   appropriate subclasses for memory addressing, accessing and controlling.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 28]    28Addressing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject matter including a means for assigning storage locations to the data elements.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

81,for optical addressing of an electroluminescent display.
188,for addressing with priority a multi-plane color memory which stores image data for a computer s:graphics processing system.
193,for addressing a character memory which stores image data for a computer graphics processing system.
515,for addressing a bit map or graphic memory which stores image data for a computer graphics processing system.
516,for addressing circuitry in combination with a display store to be used in conjunction with a computer s:graphics processing system.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 29]    29Delay line:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter wherein the control means has a delay means for synchronizing operations of circuits in the control means.
(1) Note. The delay line may have selective parallel inputs and a serial output.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 30]    30PLURAL PHYSICAL DISPLAY ELEMENT CONTROL SYSTEM (E.G., NON-CRT):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein the light-generating or light-controlling display elements* are provided as an arrangement of plural segmented and matrix display elements* or as a flat panel array with selective electrical control.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

40Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   appropriate subclasses for mechanical indicia carrying changeable displays.
116Signals and Indicators,   appropriate subclasses for mechanical indicators.
313Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclasses 484+ for gaseous discharge mediums with no selective electrical driving control circuitry, subclasses 498+ for solid-state type discharge mediums with no selective electrical driving control circuitry.
315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   appropriate subclasses for gaseous and solid-state type discharge mediums having circuits without selective electrical control as to which of the display elements are to be energized.
340Communication: Electrical,   subclasses 815.4+ for visual indicators of some condition or state with nonselective electrical display control; subclasses 901+ for external condition vehicle-mounted indicators; subclasses 907+ for traffic control indicators; subclasses 945+ for aircraft and watercraft indicating systems; subclasses 988+ for indicators relating to vehicle position; subclasses 425.5+ for land vehicle indicators; subclasses 500+ for condition responsive indicating systems.
349Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements And Systems,   appropriate subclasses for liquid crystal cell structure in general.
359Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclass 237 for optical modulators with no selective electrical control circuitry.
362Illumination,   appropriate subclasses for subject matter directed to illumination systems which render objects to be visible.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 31]    31Physically movable array:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter in which an image is formed by moving the array of display elements* or a subset of the array of display elements* on a display device*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

6,for three-dimensional arrays formed from stacked display devices.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 32]    32Optical means interposed in viewing path (e.g., filters, lens, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter having an optical means interposed in the viewing path of the display element* array.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

340Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 815.73+ for visual alphanumeric indicator having optical means.
353Optics: Image Projectors,   appropriate subclasses for all projected pluralities of images, superimposed or in a mosaic.
359Optical: Systems and Elements,   appropriate subclasses for designated optical means.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 33]    33Segmented display elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter in which the light-generating or light-controlling display elements* are provided as an arrangement of segmented display elements* with selective electrical control.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 34]    34Seven segment display:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter wherein the arrangement of segmented display consists of seven bars so that each digit from 0 to 9 can be displayed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

340Communications: Electrical,   subclass 815.44 for visual indicator having seven segments.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 35]    35Bar graph:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter wherein the light-generating or light-controlling display elements* are aligned in a variable length line arrangement to show the condition of a given parameter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

440.2,for bar graph shown on a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 36]    36Electroluminescent display elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter wherein the bar graph includes electroluminescent display elements* or segmented display elements* having a luminescent phosphor which emits light with the application of the selective electrical control.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

76+,for matrix electroluminescent display.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 169.3 for electroluminescent devices and circuitry without selective electrical control as to which of the display elements are to be energized.
340Communications: Electrical,   foreign art collections FOR 281-282 for a selective electroluminescent element matrix.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 37]    37Gas discharge display segments (e.g., plasma):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter wherein the bar graph includes segmented display elements* which generate light due to the presence of a gas.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

60+,for matrix fluid light-emitting display.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 169.4 for energizing or bias supplies for a gas panel display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 38]    38Liquid crystal display segments:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter wherein the bar graph includes liquid crystal display elements* or a liquid with crystalline properties.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

87+,for matrix liquid crystal display devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

349Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements And Systems,   subclass 142 for segmented or fixed pattern liquid crystal cell structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 39]    39Light-emitting diode segments (LEDs):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter wherein the bar graph includes light-emitting diodes or diodes that emit light when biased in a forward direction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

82+,for matrix light-emitting diode display.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

257Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes),   appropriate subclasses for LED structure.
340Communications: Electrical,   subclass 815.45 for visual indicator using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and foreign art collection FOR 282 for a selective LED matrix.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 40]    40Plural (e.g., stacked, adjacent):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter wherein a plurality of the variable length line arrangements are provided to show the conditions of a plurality of parameters.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 41]    41Fluid light-emitting display elements (e.g., gas, plasma):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter in which the segmented display elements* generate light due to a fluid medium in the display elements*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

60+,for matrix fluid light-emitting display.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 169.4 for energizing or bias supplies for a gas panel display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 42]    42Controlling circuitry:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Subject matter wherein the segmented display elements* are selectively controlled by a specified electrical control device (e.g., counters, logic circuits, shift registers, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 43]    43Mask or electrode shape:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter in which the segmented electrode display elements* have a significant contour or in which an opaque material with a significantly shaped opening is provided with the segmented display elements*.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 44]    44Solid light-emitting display elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter in which the segmented display elements* are composed of solid light-generating material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

82+,for matrix solid body light-emitting display.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

250Radiant Energy,   subclass 552 for solid-state light source systems.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 45]    45Electroluminescent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Subject matter in which the segmented display elements* include EL display elements* or wherein the segmented display elements* include a luminescent phosphor which emits light with the application of the selective electrical control.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

76+,for matrix electroluminescent display.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 169.3 for electroluminescent devices and circuitry without selective electrical control as to which of the display elements are to be energized.
340Communications: Electrical,   foreign art collections FOR 281-282 for a selective electroluminescent element matrix.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 46]    46Light-emitting diodes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Subject matter in which the segmented display elements* include light-emitting diodes or diodes that emit light when biased in a forward direction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

82+,for matrix light-emitting diode display.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

257Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes),   appropriate subclasses for LED structure.
340Communications: Electrical,   subclass 815.45 for visual indictor using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and foreign art collection FOR 282 for a selective LED matrix.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 47]    47Fluorescent elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter wherein the segmented display elements* include fluorescent light-emitting elements or cathodoluminescent display elements* wherein electrons strike a phosphor material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

75,for vacuum fluorescent matrix displays.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 48]    48Light-controlling display elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter comprising means to control the amount or distribution of light which is reflected from or transmitted to the segmented display elements*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

84,for light-controlling display elements formed in a matrix.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 49]    49Electrochromic elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 48.  Subject matter in which the segmented display elements* include electrochromic display elements*, or elements made from a material with light absorption properties such that the material takes on a color upon the application of an electric field.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

105,for matrix electrochromic displays.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

359Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclass 265 for electrochromic light valve arrays without selective electrical control.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 50]    50Liquid crystal elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 48.  Subject matter in which the segmented display elements* include liquid crystal display elements* or liquid with crystalline properties.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

87+,for matrix liquid crystal display devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

349Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,   subclass 142 for segmented or fixed pattern liquid crystal cell structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 51]    51Display element selection circuitry:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Subject matter in which the selective electrical control includes details of circuitry for selecting the segmented display elements* to be displayed.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 52]    52Power supply generating circuitry:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Subject matter in which the selective electrical control includes means for selectively supplying drive voltages to the display elements.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

323Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,   appropriate subclasses for specifics of a power supply.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 53]    53Specific waveform (e.g., square waveforms, sinusoidal):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Subject matter in which the selective electrical control includes means for selectively supplying particular waveforms to the display elements*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

94+,for waveform generation for a matrix liquid crystal display.
208+,for a waveform generator coupled to a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 54]    54Field period polarity reversal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  Subject matter in which the waveforms applied to the display elements* are alternatively supplied in a positive and negative manner.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 55]    55Display elements arranged in matrix (e.g., rows and columns):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter wherein the light-generating or light-controlling display elements* are provided as a matrix arrangement of display elements* with selective electrical control.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 56]    56Image shifting means (i.e., traveling message):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter wherein the selective electrical control includes means for moving image or a message on the display matrix.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

61,for fluid light-emitter with shifting means.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 57]    57Having endless belt or tape reader:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Subject matter wherein the image is formed on a moving belt (i.e., image bearing web) or the movement of the image on the display matrix is in response to reading of binary code data on a tape.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 58]    58Crosstalk elimination:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter wherein the selective electrical control includes means for removal of spurious (i.e., undesirable noise) signals from the matrix.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

327Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits,   and systems, subclasses 551+ for unwanted signal suppression in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 59]    59Matrix for conveying alphanumeric data:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter wherein the matrix arrangement of display elements* displays character information.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

25,for alphanumeric CRT display.
467through 472, for a character display on a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 60]    60Fluid light emitter (e.g., gas, liquid, or plasma):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter wherein the display element* includes a light-generating fluid medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

37,and 41+, for segmented fluid light-emitting display devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 169.4 for energizing or bias supplies for a gas panel display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 61]    61Shifting means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Subject matter wherein the fluid is moved to adjacent display elements* in order to increase the brightness of the display.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

56,for image shifting means for a matrix display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 62]    62Specified plasma coupling path:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 61.  Subject matter in which the shifting means constitutes a connecting path arrangement for a plasma discharge.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 63]    63Intensity control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Subject matter in which the selective electrical control includes means for controlling the brightness characteristics of the fluid light emitter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

589through 605, for intensity changes in graphical image processing.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 64]    64Liquid light emitter:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Subject matter in which the display element* includes a light-generating liquid medium.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 65]    65Phosphor excited by fluid response:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Subject matter wherein the display elements* include a phosphor compound within the fluid medium for emission of light.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

250Radiant Energy,   subclasses 458.1+ and 483.1+ for luminescent devices utilizing phosphor.
313Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclasses 103+ for channel electron multiplier devices.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 66]    66Particular discharge path:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Subject matter in which the display elements* include a gas, plasma, or liquid medium having a specific shape or contour for the generation of the light.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 67]    67More than two electrodes per element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Subject matter in which a display element* of the fluid medium has three or more electrodes.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 68]    68Means for combining selective and sustain signals:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Subject matter in which the selective electrical control includes circuit means for applying a select signal and a sustain signal in concert to appropriate selected electrodes of the matrix for energization of the fluid medium.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 69]    69Resistor-diode arrangement:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Subject matter in which the circuit combining means includes an arrangement of resistors and diodes for applying the selective and sustain signals to the electrodes of the matrix.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 70]    70Including transformer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Subject matter in which the resistor-diode arrangement utilizes a transformer for providing the necessary voltage to the electrodes of the matrix.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

336Inductor Devices,   appropriate subclasses for transformers, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 71]    71Electrode insulated from fluid medium:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Subject matter in which the display elements* of the matrix have at least one electrode with an insulating or dielectric layer between the electrode and the fluid medium of the matrix.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 72]    72Color:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Subject matter in which the display elements* emit a specific color light due to the fluid material itself or due to a colored phosphor layer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

589through 605, for selectable color attributes relating to a visual image to be displayed by a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 73]    73Incandescent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter wherein the display elements* generate light due to electron flow through a filament of resistive material, wherein the filament is heated to a level for providing the emission of light.
(1) Note. An array of incandescent light bulbs are found herein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

362Illumination,   appropriate subclasses for incandescent illumination in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 74.1]    74.1Cathodoluminescent type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter wherein the display elements generate light due to the application of electrical control through an anode or cathode to emit an electron beam at each display element to strike a phosphor layer.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

313Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclasses 483+ for an electric lamp and discharge device with luminescent solid or liquid material.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 75.1]    75.1Vacuum fluorescent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 74.1.  Subject matter wherein the cathodoluminiescent display elements include a vacuum for electrons to travel through so as to excite a phosphor material to emit light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

47,for segmented fluorescent element display.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 75.2]    75.2Field emissive (e.g., FED, Spindt, or microtip, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 74.1.  Subject matter wherein the display elements generate light due to the application of electrical control through a field emissive electrode to emit an electron beam at each display element to strike a phosphor layer (e.g., FED, Spindt, or microtip, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

313Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclasses 495 through 497and other appropriate subclasses for structural details of the FED panel.
315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 169.1 and 169.3 and other appropriate subclasses for driving techniques not limited to display systems.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 76]    76Electroluminescent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter in which the light-generating display elements* emit light when an electric current is passed through dielectric and phosphor materials.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

36,and 45, for segmented electroluminescent element displays.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 169.3 for electroluminescent devices and circuitry without selective electrical control as to which of the display elements are to be energized.
340Communications: Electrical,   foreign art collections FOR 281-282 for a selective matrix having electromluminescent elements.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 77]    77Brightness or intensity control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 76.  Subject matter in which the selective electrical control includes means for generating selected light output levels for each display element*.
(1) Note. Intensity control for color output is included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

20,for data responsive CRT intensity control.
63,for matrix fluid light-emitting display intensity control.
589through 605, for intensity control for a generic display device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclasses 383+ for CRT intensity control wherein no selective data control of display elements is provided.
340Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 815.4+ for intensity control with a visual indicator.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 78]    78Having compensating pulse:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 76.  Subject matter in which the selective electrical control includes means for generating an additional voltage pulse in conjunction with a normal drive waveform for altering the electrical characteristics at the electroluminescent display elements* (e.g., enhanced contrast, latent image, flicker, or noise elimination, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 79]    79Field period polarity reversal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 76.  Subject matter in which the selective electrical control provides waveforms to the electroluminescent display elements* in an alternating positive and negative manner.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 80]    80Driving means integral to substrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 76.  Subject matter in which a selective electrical control device and the display elements* are formed as a unit.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 81]    81Optical addressing (e.g., photodetection):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 76.  Subject matter in which the selective electrical control in response to detection of an applied external light source controls the selective energization of the electroluminescent display elements*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

28,for addressing of CRT with storage means.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 82]    82Solid body light emitter (e.g., LED):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter in which the light-generating display elements* are composed of solid body material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

39,and 44+, for segmented solid light-emitting display elements.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

250Radiant Energy,   subclass 552 for solid-state light source systems.
257Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes),   appropriate subclasses for LED structure.
340Communications: Electrical,   815.45 for visual indicators with light emitting diodes (LEDs) and foreign art collection FOR 282 for a selective matrix of LEDs.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 83]    83Color:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.  Subject matter in which the selective electrical control controls the color of the light generated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

589through 605, for selectable color attributes relating to a visual image to be displayed by a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 84]    84Light-controlling display elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter in which the matrix display elements* control the amount or distribution of light which is applied to the display elements*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

48+,for segmented light-controlling display elements.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 85]    85Electroscopic (e.g., movable electrodes or electrostatic elements):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Subject matter in which each display element* includes a movable flap or shutter which is controlled electrostatically by the selective electrical control.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 86]    86Magneto-optic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Subject matter in which each display element* includes a magneto-optic chip and a polarizer for controlling the passage of light.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 87]    87Liquid crystal display elements (LCD):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Subject matter in which the matrix light-controlled display elements* include liquid crystal display elements* or liquid with crystalline properties.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

38,and 50, for segmented liquid crystal display elements.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

349Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,   appropriate subclasses for liquid crystal cell structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 88]    88Color:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 87.  Subject matter in which the display elements* control the passage of light which results in the display of one or more specific colors.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

589through 605, for selectable color attributes relating to a visual image to be displayed by a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 89]    89Gray scale capability (e.g., halftone):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 87.  Subject matter wherein the selective electrical control provides control of the brightness or light intensity level (i.e., shades) of the image data* to be displayed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

589through 605, for intensity control for a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 90]    90Control means at each display element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 87.  Subject matter wherein the selective electrical control includes a switching means for controlling the state of each display element* individually.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 91]    91Diode or varistor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Subject matter wherein the switching means includes a diode or varistor connected to a display element* for controlling light passage.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

257Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes),   appropriate subclasses for diode structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 92]    92Thin film transistor (TFT):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Subject matter wherein the switching means includes a transistor made by using thin film techniques for controlling each display element*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

257Active Solid-State Devices (e.g.,Transistors,   Solid-State Diodes) appropriate subclasses for thin film transistor structure.
349Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements, and Systems,   subclasses 42+ for use of transistors in LCD structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 93]    93Redundancy (e.g., plural control elements or electrodes):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Subject matter wherein the switching means includes extra elements (e.g., electrodes) to reduce the chances of failure in the display.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 94]    94Waveform generation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 87.  Subject matter wherein the selective electrical control includes a source for applying specific waveforms or particular voltages to the display elements*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

53+,for waveform generation for a segmented liquid crystal display.
208+,for waveform generator coupled to a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 95]    95Three or more voltages:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.  Subject matter in which the waveforms include pulses with at least three different values in driving the display elements*.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 96]    96Field period polarity reversal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.  Subject matter wherein the waveforms applied to the display elements* are alternately supplied in a positive and negative manner in a field period.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

54,for field period polarity reversal for a segmented liquid crystal display.
209,for field period polarity reversal for a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 97]    97Ferroelectric or smectic liquid crystal elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.  Subject matter wherein the display elements* are comprised of a ferroelectric or smectic liquid crystal material.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 98]    98Specific display element control means (e.g., latches, memories, logic):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 87.  Subject matter wherein the selective electrical control provides a specific means (e.g., latches, memories, or logic, etc.) for controlling the state of the display elements*.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 99]    99Particular timing circuit:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 98.  Subject matter having specific data control means which provide specific clock or timing control signals to the display elements*.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 100]    100Particular row or column control (e.g., shift register):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 98.  Subject matter having a row or column scanner for selecting a particular display element*.
(1) Note. The display element* control means may include shift registers for performing the selection of the display element*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

377Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,   subclasses 64+ for shift registers, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 101]    101Data signal compensation in response to temperature:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 87.  Subject matter wherein the selective electrical control includes means for generating compensation signals for the liquid crystal display elements* in response to temperature variations.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

349Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,   subclass 72 for detection of liquid crystal temperature.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 102]    102Backlight control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 87.  Subject matter wherein a source of light is located in the back of the liquid crystal display elements* for providing light to the liquid crystal display elements*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

349Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,   subclasses 61+ for particular illumination of liquid crystal material.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 103]    103Grouped electrodes (e.g., matrix partitioned into sections):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 87.  Subject matter wherein the liquid crystal display elements* are divided into plural groups which are driven separately so as to scan the entire display matrix at a faster speed.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 104]    104Input/output liquid crystal display panel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 87.  Subject matter wherein the liquid crystal display elements* are used for both inputting and outputting display information.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

173,for touch panels used with a generic display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 105]    105Electrochromic elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Subject matter wherein the color of the display elements* is changed by application of an externally applied electric field.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49,for segmented electrochromic display devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

359Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclass 265 for electrochromic light valve arrays without selective electrical control.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 106]    106Thermochromic elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Subject matter wherein the color of the display elements* is changed based on temperature variation of the display elements*.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 107]    107Particle suspension (e.g., electrophoretic):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Subject matter wherein charge pigment particles are suspended by an applied electromotive force in a fluid medium in order to change the color of the light-controlling display elements*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

359Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 296+ for changing the position or orientation of suspended particles in an optical modulator.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 108]    108Plural mechanically movable display elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter in which the display elements* are flags, flaps, or other singular devices which may be moved or rotated selectively so as to be viewed or not viewed thereby altering the visual elements*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

40Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   appropriate subclasses for mechanical indicia carrying changeable displays.
116Signals and Indicators,   appropriate subclasses for mechanical indicators.
340Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 815.4+ for visual indicators of some condition or state with nonselective electrical display control.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 109]    109Having shutters:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Subject matter wherein the display elements* include a hinged cover or screen for selectively covering or uncovering the display elements*.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 110]    110With motor or rotor driver means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Subject matter wherein the display elements* are driven by a motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

318Electricity: Motive Power Systems,   appropriate subclasses for motors in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 111]    111With permanent magnet placed on movable display elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Subject matter wherein the display elements* include a permanent magnet material which is influenced by application of a magnetic field so as to selectively move or rotate the display elements*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

335Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,   appropriate subclasses for permanent magnet, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 156]    156DISPLAY PERIPHERAL INTERFACE INPUT DEVICE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein the selective electrical control includes means which permits an operator to selectively control a display device*.
(1) Note. The peripheral input devices are used for interfacing with a display device* for controlling the display device* in some manner, such as positioning a cursor or other indicia of the point of specific control.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

710Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output,   subclasses 1 through 74for transferring data from one or more peripherals to one or more computers for the latter to process, store, or further transfer or for transferring data from the computers to the peripherals.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 157]    157Cursor mark position control device:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter wherein the peripheral input device positions a marker on the screen of the display device*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

715Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing,   subclass 856 – 862 for cursor manipulation.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 158]    158Including orientation sensor (e.g., infrared, ultrasonic, remotely controlled):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  Subject matter wherein the peripheral input device is provided with a sensing means for determining the position of the cursor mark.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 159]    159Having variable cursor speed:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  Subject matter wherein the cursor mark can be moved at different rates.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 160]    160Cursor key:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  Subject matter wherein keys are used for controlling the position of the cursor mark.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

715Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing,   subclass 856 – 862 for cursor manipulation.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 161]    161Joystick:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  Subject matter wherein a control handle pivoted for motion in all directions controls the position of the cursor mark.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 471+ for mechanical structure directed to a joystick control not relating to a display.
200Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   subclasses 5+ for electrical multiple switch control such as a joystick, per se.
273Amusement Devices: Games,   subclasses 148+ for joystick control specific to a video game.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 162]    162Positional storage means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  Subject matter wherein the cursor mark position control device is provided with a storage device for storing X and Y positional information.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 163]    163Mouse:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  Subject matter wherein the cursor mark position device is movable on a fixed surface (e.g., desk top) for controlling the position of cursor mark.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 164]    164Rotatable ball detector:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 163.  Subject matter wherein the mouse includes a rotatable ball for detecting movement of the mouse.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

167,for using a trackball for moving the cursor position.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 165]    165Photosensor encoder:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 164.  Subject matter wherein photosensors are used for encoding the rotation of the rotatable ball.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

250Radiant Energy,   appropriate subclasses for photosensor encoder, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 166]    166Optical detector:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 163.  Subject matter wherein the mouse includes photosensors for detecting movement of the mouse.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 167]    167Trackball:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  Subject matter wherein the cursor mark position control device is a rotatable ball rotated by the operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

164,for a rotatable ball detector in a mouse.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 168]    168Including keyboard:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter wherein the operator uses plural keys for selectively inputting information data to control the display device*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

160,for cursor control by keyboard.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

340Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 407.1+ for keyboard based in tactual indicator.
341Coded Data Generation or Conversion,   subclasses 22+ for bodily actuated code generation relating to a keyboard and not a display.
708Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating,   subclasses 142+ for electric digital calculating computers with specialized input including keyboard data entry.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 169]    169Portable (i.e., handheld, calculator, remote controller):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 168.  Subject matter wherein the keyboard is compact and can be held within the palm of an user.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

708Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating,   subclasses 100 through 714for handheld calculators with keyboard.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 170]    170Light source associated with each key:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 168.  Subject matter wherein each key of the keyboard is associated with a light-emitting element (e.g., LED, lamp, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

341Coded Data Generation or Conversion,   subclass 31 for photoelectric actuation.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 171]    171Having foreign language capability (e.g., Japanese, Chinese):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 168.  Subject matter wherein the keyboard is capable of inputting non-English alphabets.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

704Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,   subclasses 1+ for foreign language processing or translation.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 172]    172Having programmable function key:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 168.  Subject matter wherein the keyboard includes a specific key for performing specific functions assigned by a program.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

708Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating,   subclass 130 for a user definable key in a calculator.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 173]    173Touch panel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter wherein the peripheral input device includes a planar touch sensor which determines the position of a touch.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

178Telegraphy,   subclasses 18.01+ for structure directed to an input digitizing writing tablet and not to a display.
200Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   subclasses 512+ for membrane-type solid contact relating to a switch of a touchpad.
340Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 407.1+ for tactual indicator.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 174]    174Including impedance detection:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 173.  Subject matter wherein the touch panel includes impedance sensors (e.g., resistance, capacitance, inductance, etc.) for determining the position of the touch.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 175]    175Including optical detection:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 173.  Subject matter wherein the touch panel utilizes optical sensors (e.g., photodiodes, phototransistors) for determining the position of the touch.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 176]    176Transparent substrate having light entrapment capability (i.e., waveguide):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 173.  Subject matter wherein the touch panel includes a transparent material mounted on the display device* for entrapping the light within the substrate.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

385Optical Waveguides,   appropriate subclasses for optical waveguides in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 177]    177Including surface acoustic detection:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 173.  Subject matter wherein the touch panel includes surface acoustical transducers for determining the position of a touch.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

367Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices,   appropriate subclasses for acoustical transducers in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 178]    178Alignment or calibration capability (i.e., parallax problem):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 173.  Subject matter wherein the input device compensates for any misalignment of a touch location and its corresponding energized display element*.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 179]    179Stylus:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter wherein the operator uses a handheld pointer to input positional information data to the display device*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

180,for a light pen for a CRT.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 180]    180Light pen for CRT display:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter wherein the operator uses a handheld light pen to input positional information data to the cathode-ray tube display device*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

179,for using stylus to input to a display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 181]    181CRT having tracking capability:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.  Subject matter wherein the electron beam of the CRT traces the movement of the light pen on a surface of the CRT.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 182]    182Light pen for fluid matrix display panel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter wherein the operator uses a handheld light pen to input positional information data to a fluid matrix display panel.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 183]    183Light pen for controlling plural light-emitting display elements (e.g., LEDs, lamps):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter wherein the operator uses a handheld light pen to control the on or off state of the light-emitting display elements* (e.g., LED or lamp, etc.) on the display device*.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 184]    184Mechanical control (e.g., rotatable knob, slider):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Subject matter wherein the operator uses a rotatable knob or interconnected mechanical arms to input data or to control the position of a cursor.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 204]    204DISPLAY DRIVING CONTROL CIRCUITRY:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein the selective electrical control is provided by a collection of one or more specified electrical control devices.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 205]    205Physically integral with display elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 204.  Subject matter in which the control devices and the display elements* share some structural element, (e.g., to share an electrode of a capacitor in a control device with an electrode of a display element*).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 206]    206Having common base or substrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 205.  Subject matter wherein the structural element is a base or substrate for both the control devices and the display elements*.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 207]    207Light detection means (e.g., with photodetector):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 204.  Subject matter wherein the control devices include an element which senses light for driving the display elements*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

166,for optical detector for detecting movement of a mouse.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

250Radiant Energy,   subclasses 200+ for light detection using photocell circuitry and subclass 553 for light source array or matrix.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 208]    208Waveform generator coupled to display elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 204.  Subject matter in which the control devices include a source or generator of specific waveforms which is responsive to input data to selectively apply the waveforms to the display elements*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

53,for waveform generation for a segmented liquid crystal display.
94+,for waveform generation for a matrix liquid crystal display.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 209]    209Field period polarity reversal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 208.  Subject matter in which the waveforms applied to the display elements* are alternatively supplied in a positive and negative manner.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 210]    210Having three or more voltage levels:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 208.  Subject matter in which the waveform includes pulses with at least three different voltage values in driving the display elements*.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 211]    211Display power source:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 204.  Subject matter wherein the display elements* have a specified electrical power source and the power source includes means for controlling power supplied relative to a display element* characteristic; e.g., varied current for varied size of element.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclasses 169.1+ for combination of display and an energizing source not limited to selective electrical control of the resultant image.
323Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,   appropriate subclasses for specifics of a power supply.
349Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,   subclasses 19+ for a particular energizing source for a liquid crystal cell structure.
359Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 245+ for electro-optic displays and an energizing source not limited to selective electrical control of the resultant image; subclasses 265+ for electrochromic displays and an energizing source not limited to selective electrical control of the resultant image.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 212]    212Regulating means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 211.  Subject matter wherein the controlling means limits the power supplied to the display elements* in some manner (e.g., establishing a maximum voltage to be applied to the display elements* or establishing a certain time period for the driving voltage to be applied).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 213]    213Synchronizing means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 211.  Subject matter wherein the power source includes a clock means for providing timing signals to the display elements* to display the image data* at a certain time.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 214]    214Controlling the condition of display elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 204.  Subject matter includes means to maintain the operational properties of the display elements*(e.g., to maintain the display elements* within a certain operational range).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 215]    215Including priming means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 214.  Subject matter including means for controlling the readiness of the display elements* to be activated (e.g., by initially charging the display elements*).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 418]    418COMPUTER GRAPHICS PROCESSING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein data is displayed to a user for visual viewing (e.g., control of the form of the data on a CRT, monitor, screen, display device, or any generic visual output device).
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass may include means or steps for interaction between a user and the display.
(2) Note. Processing of interactive data for presentation with at most a nominal recitation of the input device (i.e., where the user"s input is used to control the presentation of display data) is classified herein.
(3) Note. Means or steps for creating or manipulating s:graphics objects or text is classified herein or a further subclass thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1.1through 111, for details of specific display systems. See note (3) above.
581through 618, for display attribute con. See note (3) above.
156through 184, for user input interface with a specific display system (e.g., mouse, light pen, touch tablet). See note (2) above.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

358Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   subclasses 1.1 through 1.18for static presentation processing.
463Amusement Devices: Games,   subclasses 1+ , where there is recited a method or apparatus for moving or processing information specified as game or contest information (e.g., a video game, etc.), especially subclasses 31+ for specifics of processing visual information data in a game or contest appropriate for Class 463.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 419]    419Three-dimension:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 418.  Subject matter wherein objects are pictured to show them as they appear to the eye with reference to relative distance or depth from an imaginary viewpoint.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

653,for rotation of a graphical object in three dimensions.
664,for manipulating the size of a graphical object in three dimensions.
679,for translation of a graphical object in three dimensions.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 420]    420Solid modelling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 419.  Subject matter wherein complex objects are represented as a combination of simpler shapes or primitives and the relationships between them.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

423,for the process of dividing a surface or 3D graphic object into smaller surfaces.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 421]    421Hidden line/surface determining:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 419.  Subject matter wherein it is determined whether a portion of an object is hidden or covered by another object and, if so, not displaying (removing) that portion of the object which is hidden.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

629through 641, for merging or overlapping graphic objects.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 422]    422Z buffer (depth buffer):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 421.  Subject matter wherein a memory having locations corresponding to display locations stores distance information* which is used to determine which objects or portions of objects are hidden.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 423]    423Tessellation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 419.  Subject matter which includes the process of dividing a surface or 3D graphic object into smaller surfaces or 3D graphic objects.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

420,for solid modeling of complex objects.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 424]    424Voxel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 419.  Subject matter wherein a volume element represents a value at a point in three-dimensional space (similar to a pixel in two-dimensional space).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 426]    426Lighting/shading:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 419.  Subject matter which determines intensity or color on a surface of the object taking into consideration light sources, surface characteristics and object orientation.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 427]    427Space transformation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 419.  Subject matter wherein a 3D coordinate data set representing a 3D model is manipulated to create a 2D coordinate data set representing a proper perspective view of an object from an imaginary viewpoint.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 428]    428Adjusting level of detail:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 418.  Subject matter wherein a change is made in the resolution of a graphic object.
(1) Note. In three-dimensional systems resolution is used to account for distance or atmospheric conditions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

698,and 699, for systems that convert the resolution of a display screen from one stan to another (e.g., VGA, EGA, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 440]    440Graph generating:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 418.  Subject matter wherein a set of display points define a graph showing a relationship between two or more variables.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 440.1]    440.1Real-time waveform display:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 440.  Subject matter wherein the graph represents a real time waveform.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 440.2]    440.2Bar graph:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 440.  Subject matter wherein the graph is a variable length line.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 441]    441Shape generating:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 418.  Subject matter wherein a set of display points define a two-dimensional representation of a s:graphic object.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 442]    442Curve:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 441.  Subject matter wherein the graphic object defined is a curved line, e.g., arc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

443,for defining the graphical object as a straight line.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 443]    443Straight line:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 441.  Subject matter wherein the graphic object defined is a straight line, e.g., using Bresenham"s algorithm.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

442,for defining the graphical object as a curve line.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 467]    467Character generating:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 418.  Subject matter wherein a character data element is generated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

25,through 26, for data responsive CRT display control for alphanumeric display.
192,through 195, for character memory display storage device.
467through 472, for display attribute controllers for character display.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 468]    468Character geometry processing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Subject matter wherein the character data element is generated based on a geometric attribute.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 469]    469Character generation using control points or hints:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 468.  Subject matter wherein the character data element is generated based on intersecting and nonintersecting control points or additional processing instructions that are coded to the font contours.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 469.1]    469.1Character border:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Subject matter wherein the character data element is generated based on an outline or an edge of a character to be displayed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

470,for generating character fill data from outline data involving significant data processing.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 470]    470Generating character fill data from outline data:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Subject matter wherein formation of display data within the confines of outer and inner perimeters of textual characters is performed.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 471]    471Alteration of stored font:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Subject matter wherein the existing font parameter is modified to create a different appearance.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 472]    472Scaling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 471.  Subject matter wherein a size of displayed font is modified.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

660,for changing the size of a graphical object.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 472.1]    472.1Reduction only:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 472.  Subject matter where a size of displayed font is compressed only.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 472.2]    472.2Enlargement only:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 472.  Subject matter where a size of displayed font is expanded only.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 472.3]    472.3Calligraphic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Subject matter where the character data element generated is for a certain language including pictograms (e.g., Katakana, Chinese, Korean, hieroglyphics, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 473]    473Animation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 418.  Subject matter wherein a sequence of individual display images are generated for presentation as a sequence to simulate motion (e.g., cartoons).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 474]    474Motion planning or control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 473.  Subject matter wherein locations traversed by animation are planned or controlled, particularly where a path is to be maintained or objects on a path are to be avoided.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 475]    475Temporal interpolation or processing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 473.  Subject matter wherein movement using a series of computed intermediate positioned displays is displayed.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 501]    501COMPUTER GRAPHIC PROCESSING SYSTEM:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising apparatus or method for processing or manipulating data for presentation by a computer prior to use with or in a specific display system.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

27,through 28 and 507+, for subject matter including display memory organization and structure for storing an image and manipulating image data between the display memory and the display system.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

348Television,   appropriate subclasses for TV video signal processing.
382Image Analysis,   appropriate subclasses for image data analysis systems.
711Electrical Computers And Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   appropriate subclasses for memory addressing, accessing, and controlling.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 502]    502Plural graphics processors:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 501.  Subject matter wherein more than one graphics processor is used.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

712Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors),   subclasses 1 through 43for arrangements of processors for performing data processing in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 503]    503Coprocessor (e.g., graphic accelerator):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 502.  Subject matter wherein two or more graphics processors operate concurrently with the different processors performing different types of operations to increase the system performance.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 504]    504Master-slave processors:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 502.  Subject matter wherein one graphics processor (master) supervises or controls the operations of one or more other s:graphics processors (slaves).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 505]    505Parallel processors (e.g., identical processors):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 502.  Subject matter wherein the plurality of processors operate simultaneously.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 506]    506Pipeline processors:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 502.  Subject matter wherein the plural processors are operated sequentially.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 519]    519Integrated circuit (e.g., single chip semiconductor device):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 501.  Subject matter wherein one or more of the components of a graphic processing systems are composed on an single semiconductor chip.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

365Static Information Storage and Retrieval,   appropriate subclasses, in particular subclass 189.011 and 230.01+ for read/write and addressing circuitry for a semiconductor structure device.
712Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors),   subclasses 1 through 43for microprocessor architecture formed on one chip.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 520]    520Interface (e.g., controller):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 501.  Subject matter including a means for communicating or controlling between one of graphic processing component and another graphic processing component.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 522]    522Graphic command processing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 501.  Subject matter wherein a CPU or a host computer issues a command to a graphic processing system to perform an operation.
(1) Note. Claims which recite processing commands specifically for a graphics system are classified herein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

712Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors),   subclasses 200 through 203for general instruction processing, such as, instruction prefetching, fetching, execution, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 530]    530Computer Graphics Display Memory System:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a storage system or display memory organization and structure is used for storing image data which is being created and processed for presentation.
(1) Note. The use of a memory system for processing in conjunction with a data presentation/computer graphics system (e.g., for manipulating the addressing or contents of image data stored in a memory) is classified herein.
(2) Note. Classification herein requires more than nominal recitation of memory accessing or controlling in combination with graphics processing systems. A nominal combination refers to a combination wherein one or more of the means or steps thereof are recited so broadly, and without details, as to constitute a mere identification rather than a description of each means or step.
(3) Note. Memory devices, per se, are classified in their respective device classes. See the SEARCH CLASS notes below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

27through 28, for visual display systems with selective electrical control.
418through 475, for 3D graphics processing subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

348Television,   particularly subclasses 714 through 718for details of static storage device for storing video data.
358Facsimile And Static Presentation Processing,   particularly subclass 444 for memory interface and subclasses 1.16-1.17 memory for processing data for static presentation (i.e., for viewing on a fixed medium such as paper).
360Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,   appropriate subclasses for magnetic disks, tapes, drums, etc.
365Static Information Storage and Retrieval,   various subclasses for static memory devices including internal elements of the memory, particularly subclasses 189.011 through 189.19for read/write circuits and subclasses 230.01-230.09 for addressing of addressable, static single storage elements or plural elements; subclass 189.05 for buffering or latching data being read from or written to memory; subclass 189.08 for logic devices in combination with memory systems; subclasses 200 and 201 for testing of memory systems; and subclass 230.08 for buffering and latching address data being employed to access memory.
382Image Analysis,   particularly subclass 305 , image storage and retrieval.
463Amusement Devices: Games,   particularly subclass 43 for data storage or retrieval.
707Data Processing: Database, Data Mining, and File Management or Data Structures,   subclasses 609 through 686and 705 through 789 for data retrieval and file or database management; and subclasses 790 through 812 for database design and data structures per se; and subclasses 821 through 831 for file management.
709Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring,   appropriate subclasses for transferring data between memories of different computers directly (i.e., with minimum or no intervention from graphics processors of the computers).
710Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output,   particularly subclass 22 for direct memory access (DMA) (i.e., the transferring of data between peripherals and memories of a computer or digital data processing system with minimal or no intervention from the main processor of the computer or digital data processing system).
711Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   appropriate subclasses for the storage device and storage accessing and control where there is no recitation of image or graphics information in the claims.
714Error Detection/Correction a Fault Detection/Recovery,   particularly subclass 718 for memory testing.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 531]    531Graphics display memory controller:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter including means for controlling the read/write operations of the graphics display memory.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

711Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclasses 100 , 154-166 for generic or main memory access and control.
365Static Information Storage and Retrieval,   subclasses 189.01 through 189.19for read/write circuit.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 532]    532Plural memory controllers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 531.  Subject matter wherein two or more memory controllers are used for controlling the read/write operations of the graphics display memory.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 533]    533Using different access modes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 531.  Subject matter wherein different access modes are used for controlling the read/write operations of the graphics display memory (e.g., raster scan mode, block mode, burst mode, accessing each memory devise sequentially and in parallel etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 534]    534Memory access timing signals:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 531.  Subject matter wherein the means for accessing the graphics display memory is based on the read/write timing control signals.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

711Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclasses 167 through 169for generic or main memory access timing.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 535]    535Memory arbitration:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 531.  Subject matter including means for granting one of the plurality of requesters access to the graphics display memory based on the requester priority information.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

711Electrical Computer and Digital Processing System: Memory,   subclasses 151 and 158 for accessing memory not related to a computer graphics display memory, such as, main or system memory.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 536]    536Plural storage devices:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein the graphic system includes more than one storage device.
(1) Note. Included are memory devices or storage having a special or unique function or characteristic.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1.1through 3.4, for plural display systems.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

711Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclass 5 for multiple memory modules.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 537]    537Data transfer between memories:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 536.  Subject matter wherein image data is transferred from one graphics display memory device to another graphics display memory device.
(1) Note. Bit block transfers are transfers within the same memory and are not classified herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

562,for bit block transfers.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 538]    538Data transfer between system memory and graphics display memory:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 537.  Subject matter wherein image data is transferred between the system or main memory and the graphics display memory.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

552,for transfer of texture data between system memory and texture memory.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 539]    539Double buffered:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 536.  Subject matter wherein image data is written to one frame buffer and concurrently read out to the display from the other buffer and the function of the two buffers are switched during the next access cycle.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 540]    540Interleaved:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 536.  Subject matter wherein adjacent data within an image/frame are stored or located in different rows or banks of memory.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

711Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclass 127 , cache memory interleaved; and subclass 157, interleaving.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 541]    541Shared memory:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein the memory is shared between plural graphics processors or between a host processor and graphics processors.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

546,for multi-format frame buffer for storing both graphics data and video data

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

711Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclasses 147 through 153,shared memory area.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 542]    542Unified memory architecture (e.g., UMA):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 541.  Subject matter wherein a portion or part of the main or system memory is used as graphics display memory.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 543]    543Memory allocation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein the memory locations are reserved or assigned for use by different processors or data.
(1) Note. The memory locations can also be reassigned.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

711Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclass 153 , shared memory partitioning and subclasses 170-173, memory configuring.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 544]    544Memory partitioning:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein the memory is divided into individual sections.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

711Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclass 153 , shared memory partitioning and subclass 173, memory partitioning.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 545]    545Frame buffer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein the graphics display memory stores the contents of a screen of display image.
(1) Note. Frame buffer is also known as refresh buffer, bitmap memory, graphics memory, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 546]    546Multi-format frame buffer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 545.  Subject matter wherein the frame buffer memory stores both video and graphics data, such as, YUV for video and RGB for graphics.
(1) Note. The above data refer YUV for video and RGB for graphics.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

541,for shared memory.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 547]    547Memory for storing video data:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 545.  Subject matter wherein the graphics display memory stores motion video pictures data which is processed by the graphics system for displaying on the computer display device.
(1) Note. The memory used for processing, storing, and displaying on the computer graphics display is classified herein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

348Television,   subclasses 714 through 718,memory for processing, storing, and displaying still or motion video data in the TV environment.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 548]    548Off-screen memory:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 545.  Subject matter wherein the portion of the frame buffer stores information not currently being displayed.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 549]    549Color memory:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 545.  Subject matter wherein the graphics display memory stores color image information.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

22,for color display.
589through 605, for color processing or modification.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 550]    550Multiple planes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 549.  Subject matter wherein the graphics display memory includes plurality of color planes for storing color image information which may be accessed independently.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 551]    551Character memory:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 545.  Subject matter wherein the graphics display memory retains codes which represent an alphanumeric symbol.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

23,141, and 467-472, for generating, processing or displaying character.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

358Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   particularly subclass 1.11 , for character or font.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 552]    552Texture memory:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein the graphics display memory is used for storing shading and other attribute information where the information is added to the "surface" of a graphical image or object to mimic the surface detail of real objects.
(1) Note. Texture cache memory is also classified herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

538,for texture data transfer between the system memory and the graphics display memory.
582through 588, for texture mapping.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 553]    553Display list memory:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein the graphics display memory is used for storing the pixel parameters information of the primitives to be rendered by the graphics processor where the parameters also "instruct" the graphics processor to draw polygons, lines, vectors, points, and other graphics primitives.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 554]    554Multi-port memory:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein the graphics display memory is configured such that there is more than one access port to and from the graphics display memory.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

365Static Information Storage and Retrieval,   appropriate subclasses for a generic memory device; particularly subclasses 230.01 through 230.09for addressing memory.
711Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclass 149 for a network memory.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 555]    555For storing compressed data:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein the quantity of the image information is reduced prior to storage in the graphics display memory.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

382Image Analysis,   subclasses 232 through 253for image data compression.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 556]    556For storing condition code, flag or status:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein the graphics display memory is used for storing codes which represent the current state or condition of the graphics processor or image information.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 557]    557Cache:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein a high speed storage device stores frequently used graphics information to provide faster accesses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

552,for texture cache memory.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

711Electrical Computer and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclasses 118 through 146for cache memory not related to a computer graphics display memory.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 558]    558First in first out (i.e., FIFO)
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein a memory is used in which data are removed in the same order that they were stored, i.e., first in is first out.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 559]    559Register:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein a high speed memory is used as a temporary storage to hold data for a particular purpose in the graphic processing system.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

100,for particular row or column control shift registers.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 560]    560Row buffer (e.g., line memory):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein the graphics display memory includes registers for retaining a line of image information.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 561]    561Logical operations:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein logical expressions, such as, AND, OR, NOR, XOR, adder, and multiplier operations are used by the graphics processor to manipulate the image information.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 562]    562Bit block transfer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 561.  Subject matter wherein a rectangular group of pixels (blocks of bits describing the pixels) are moved from one location (source) of the graphics display memory to another location (destination) of the graphics display memory.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 563]    563Mask data operation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 561.  Subject matter wherein the graphics display memory stores information which selectively allows or blocks access to previously stored information.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 564]    564Addressing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 530.  Subject matter wherein indices to the locations of stored data elements is processed.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 565]    565Using memory for storing address information:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 564.  Subject matter wherein the indices to the locations of stored data elements is stored in a register, table, or other memory.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 566]    566Address manipulation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 564.  Subject matter wherein indices to the locations of stored data elements are modified before being used to access the graphics display memory.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 567]    567Using decoding:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 566.  Subject matter wherein a decoding circuit or device is used for deriving or selecting the indices to the locations of stored data elements.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 568]    568Address translation (e.g., between virtual and physical addresses):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 566.  Subject matter including means for converting the indices (address) from a first form (e.g., virtual or logical) to a second form (physical or real).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

711Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclasses 202 through 209for mapping memory addresses not related to a computer graphics display memory, such as, main or system memory.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 569]    569For 2D coordinate to linear address conversion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 564.  Subject matter including means for converting X, Y coordinate addresses into linear or sequential addresses.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 570]    570Page mode:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 564.  Subject matter including accessing sequential memory locations in the graphics display memory with reduced cycle time.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 571]    571Memory addresses arranged in a matrix (e.g., row and column addresses):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 564.  Subject matter wherein storage locations are arranged to form rows and columns accessible by a single row and column address.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 572]    572Address generator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 564.  Subject matter including means for generating indices to the locations of stored data elements.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

711Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclasses 1 through 6for generating memory addresses not related to a computer graphics display memory, such as, main or system memory.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 573]    573Plural address generators:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 572.  Subject matter wherein more than one address generating means is used for generating indices to the locations of stored data elements.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 574]    574Read/Write address generator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 572.  Subject matter including particular recitation of read and/or write address generator. Enter Project number (excluding first four digits).
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 581]    581Attributes (surface detail or characteristic, display attributes):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 418.  Subject matter wherein the information is processed that relates to the characteristics of an object or portion of an image.
(1) Note. Examples of the classifiable subject matter included herein are (1) causing certain image data to be displayed in a specified manner; (2) providing brightness control and/or selectable colors for the image data to be displayed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

10through 29, for display control relating specifically to a CRT.
30through 111, for display control relating to a specific display device, such as a gas discharge display panel, an electroluminescent display panel, a light-emitting diode display array or a liquid crystal panel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

348Television,   appropriate subclasses for systems and subsystems for display of television (real time scanned produced) signals.
358Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   subclasses 1.9 through 3.32for static presentation attribute processing.
382Image Analysis,   appropriate subclasses for previously scanned image data and for image recognition, processing, and nominal display relating to such recognition.
463Amusement Devices: Games,   subclasses 1 through 47,where there is recited a method or apparatus for moving or processing information specified as game or contest information (e.g., a video game, etc.), especially subclasses 31-34 for specifics of processing visual information data in a game or contest appropriate for Class 463.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 582]    582Texture:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 581.  Subject matter wherein the attributes include distribution of color, intensity, translucency, or the like on a surface to give an appearance of texture, such as smooth, rough, shiny, or dull.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 583]    583Solid texture:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 582.  Subject matter where the image is transformed to appear on a surface that includes distribution of color and intensity on said surface so as to give it the appearance of a solid having a texture, such as smooth, rough, shiny, or dull.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 584]    584Bump map:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 582.  Subject matter where the appearance of texture or relief on a surface (a variation to the normal vector or depth dimension of the surface) is created without modification the underlying geometry of the 3D object.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 585]    585Non-planar surface:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 582.  Subject matter where the surface is other than a single, flat surface, e.g., curved or multifaceted surface, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 586]    586Mathematically defined:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 582.  Subject matter where the texture is defined by a mathematical formula.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 587]    587MIP map:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 582.  Subject matter where there is a set of textures consisting of an original texture map and a number of smaller versions of this original texture map, each one half the size of the previous one, and where each texture map is filtered to be smoother than the previous version, so that as the view point gets further away from the texture mapped object; the smaller the version of said MIP map is used to represent the texture.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 588]    588Repeating pattern:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 582.  Subject matter where there is a relatively small pattern that is repeated any number of times to cover the surface to be textured.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 589]    589Color or intensity:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 581.  Subject matter wherein the attribute includes color, brightness, or gray scale.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 590]    590Gamut clipping or adjustment:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 589.  Subject matter where the available range of colors or intensities is either adjusted or a part of said range is made unavailable.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 591]    591Color processing in perceptual color space:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 589.  Subject matter wherein the color values are converted into a perceptual color space.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 592]    592Transparency (mixing color values):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 589.  Subject matter wherein color values from two or more graphic objects or images are blended based upon the transparency or opacity assigned to each graphic object or image.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 593]    593Color selection:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 589.  Subject matter where colors are selected either automatically or manually.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 594]    594Using GUI:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 593.  Subject matter where a graphical user interface is used to select the colors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

715Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing,   subclasses 700 through 867for a graphical user interface, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 595]    595Expert system or AI:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 593.  Subject matter where colors are selected by use of artificial intelligence or an expert system.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

706Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,   appropriate subclasses for artificial intelligence or an expert system.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 596]    596Dither or halftone:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 589.  Subject matter where a color (which may be a shade of gray) of an image, which would otherwise not be displayable, is reproduced by using pixels of varying size, density, placement, or color to give the impression of areas of gray or to approximate an undisplayable color.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

358Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   subclasses 3.06 through 3.2for static presentation halftone processing.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 597]    597Color:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 596.  Subject matter where a color other than gray is approximated.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 598]    598Spatial:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 597.  Subject matter where a color other than gray is approximated by placement of pixels.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 599]    599Spatial:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 596.  Subject matter where a shade of gray is approximated by placement of pixels.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 600]    600Color bit data modification or conversion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 589.  Subject matter where the number of bits used to represent each pixel is modified or where the system of encoding the bits to represent a given color is altered.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 601]    601Using look up table:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 600.  Subject matter wherein the bits representing an image s pixel are transformed or modified by using a color look up table.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 602]    602Plural look up tables:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 601.  Subject matter where there are plural color look up tables that are usually selectable to select a desired transformation or modification.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 603]    603Format change (e.g., NTSC to RGB, RGB to composite, or XYZ to RGB):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 600.  Subject matter where the organization, arrangement, or final form of the encoding of the color bits is altered in order to change the format of the image from one format to a different format.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 604]    604Color space transformation (e.g., RGB to YUV):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 600.  Subject matter where one system of representing the color spectrum is changed to another system in accordance with a mathematical rule.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 605]    605Change in number of bits for a designated color (e.g., 4 bits to 8 bits, 8 bits to 4 bits):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 600.  Subject matter wherein the transformation of the color information includes a conversion in the quantity of bits used to describe a certain color.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 606]    606Interpolation of attribute values across object surface:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 581.  Subject matter wherein a value of an attribute is determined that lies between two known values.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 607]    607In perspective:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 606.  Subject matter wherein the interpolation modifies the image data to produce either a perspective or a shadow effect (e.g., providing a 3D effect on a two-dimensional display, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

419,for three-dimensional presentation involving significant data processing.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 608]    608Tri-linear:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 606.  Subject matter wherein the interpolation is performed as a series of three or more linear interpolations in three-dimensional space.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 609]    609Bi-linear:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 606.  Subject matter wherein the interpolation is performed as a series of linear interpolations on a plane or two-dimensional space.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 610]    610Linear:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 606.  Subject matter wherein the interpolation is performed between two values.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 611]    611Anti-aliasing or image smoothing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 581.  Subject matter wherein stair-step effects or jagged edges are removed from the graphical display.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

382Image Analysis,   subclass 269 for image enhancement with nominal display control.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 612]    612Save attributes for each object affecting a given pixel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 611.  Subject matter wherein each pixel stores information defining the attributes of each object affecting the pixel.
(1) Note. Attributes can include color, intensity, transparency, opacity, depth, normal vector, or reflection coefficients.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 613]    613Subpixel processing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 611.  Subject matter wherein each pixel is treated as a collection of smaller regions and the resulting displayed pixel value is the average of the value from each region.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 614]    614Pixel fragment:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 611.  Subject matter wherein information defining the percentage or portion of a pixel covered by an object is saved or used to determine the pixel s final attribute.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 615]    615Convolving technique:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 611.  Subject matter wherein a displayed output value is derived by obtaining an average from a number of input values, or wherein a displayed output value is based on convolving a corresponding input value and neighboring input values, so that the output values provide a display wherein stair-step effects or jagged edges are removed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

673,for similar averaging technique.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

708Electrical Computer: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating,   subclasses 315, 420, and 445, for the use of similar convolution techniques for calculation in digital or analog computers.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 616]    616Error diffusion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 611.  Subject matter where error obtained while calculating a pixel value is carried over to calculations used to determine the next pixel value.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 617]    617Contrast:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 581.  Subject matter where difference in the light and dark areas of an image is controlled.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 618]    618Image with abnormal condition:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 581.  Subject matter wherein the attribute is a characteristic of a portion of an image that is abnormal.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 619]    619Graphic manipulation (object processing or display attributes):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 418.  Subject matter wherein data representing either a graphic object or a display attribute is manipulated.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for generating and processing data representing a graphic object.
(2) Note. Examples of the classifiable subject matter included herein are: (1) causing certain image data to be displayed in a specified manner, (2) providing rotation of an image or object, (3) providing movement of an image or object, and (4) providing magnification (i.e., size change) of an image or object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

441,for generating a graphic shape without manipulation.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 620]    620Clipping:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 619.  Subject matter wherein a graphic object is restricted to a particular region in the presentation space, with those portions not in said space being removed.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 621]    621Based on model of objects:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 620.  Subject matter where the clipping is based on a computer emulation of the graphical object being clipped.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 622]    622Testing or using bounding shape (e.g., bounding box or sphere):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 621.  Subject matter where clipping operation is generated by comparing a shape against the graphical object to be clipped.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 623]    623Object clipped to view volume:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 621.  Subject matter where the particular region is a volume that is to be projected onto a view plane.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 624]    624Object clipped to another object:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 621.  Subject matter where another graphical object is used to generate a clipping operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 625]    625Based on image data:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 620.  Subject matter where the clipping operation is based on data relating to a previously generated image.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 626]    626Masking:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 625.  Subject matter where there is a filter that selectively includes or excludes the object being clipped.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 627]    627Non-rectangular array:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 625.  Subject matter where the particular region has a shape other than a rectangle.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 628]    628Rectangular region:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 625.  Subject matter where the particular region has a rectangular shape.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 629]    629Merge or overlay:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 619.  Subject matter wherein data of a first image and data of a second image are manipulated to generate a composite image.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

421,for determining whether a portion of an object is hidden or covered by another object.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 630]    630Combining model representations:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 629.  Subject matter where one object model is formed from a combination of two or more object models.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 631]    631Reducing redundancy:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 629.  Subject matter where redundant portions of the combined model are removed.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 632]    632Placing generated data in real scene:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 629.  Subject matter where a graphic object is placed within an image of a real scene.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 633]    633Augmented reality (real-time):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 632.  Subject matter where the graphic objects are related to objects in the real scene and are presented in real-time.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 634]    634Image based:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 629.  Subject matter where a first image is conveyed in front of a second image usually using bit map graphic techniques.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

4through 6, for stacked superimposed display devices.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 635]    635Non-overlapping:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 634.  Subject matter wherein no part of the first image lies on top of any part of the second image.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 636]    636Character and graphics:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 634.  Subject matter wherein a graphical object is merged or overlaid on a textual character or vice versa.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 637]    637Priority based:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 634.  Subject matter wherein objects are selected for merge or overlay is prioritized.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 638]    638Insertion of bitmapped moving picture:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 634.  Subject matter wherein a motion picture is merged or overlaid onto a still image.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 639]    639Weighted:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 634.  Subject matter where the first image is conveyed upon the second image based upon a weighting value.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 640]    640Weights vary across image (e.g., transition from foreground to background):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 639.  Subject matter where the first image is conveyed upon the second image based upon a weighting value that varies across the image.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 641]    641Fixed overlay pattern:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 634.  Subject matter where one of the images is a fixed pattern.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 642]    642Picking:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 619.  Subject matter where an object or group of objects closest to a given location or region are identified for further processing.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 643]    643Arithmetic processing of image data:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 619.  Subject matter wherein graphical data is operated on according to algorithms involving particular functions wherein details of such particular functions are disclosed.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 644]    644Matrix calculations:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 643.  Subject matter wherein principle operations are performed on data arranged in rows and columns, including transforming functions arranged in rows and columns.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 645]    645Hierarchy of transformations (e.g., hierarchy of global and local coordinate):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 643.  Subject matter where in one mathematical operation is fully dependent on the results of a previous operation, which serves as its reference.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 646]    646Morphing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 619.  Subject matter where one image is warped so as to becomes another image.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 647]    647Distortion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 619.  Subject matter where objects in an image are changed from their usual, original, natural, or intended shape.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 648]    648Affine:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 619.  Subject matter wherein the graphic object or image is manipulated by an arbitrary sequence of least two of rotation, translation, and scaling or manipulated by shearing.
(1) Note. The manipulation of the graphic object or image by only one of rotation, translation, and scaling is classified below in the rotation, scaling, or translation subclasses.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 649]    649Rotation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 619.  Subject matter wherein the image movement is an angular displacement of the image data.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

340Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 815.86 through 815.88for rotary visual indicator.
382Image Analysis,   subclasses 296 through 297for image rotation undertaken to correct geometric distortion or misregistration.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 650]    650Graphical user interface tools:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 649.  Subject matter where the rotation is specified interactively by a user.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 651]    651Alignment functions (e.g., snapping, gravity):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 650.  Subject matter where the system aids the user in rotating the object.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 652]    652Constrained manipulations (e.g., movement in less than all dimensions):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 650.  Subject matter where the system aids the user by limiting the manipulation to a selected subset of available axis.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 653]    6533D manipulations:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 650.  Subject matter wherein the object may be rotated on any axis in three-dimensional space.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 654]    6542D manipulations:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 650.  Subject matter where the object may be rotated on any axis within a two-dimensional space or plane.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 655]    655Object based:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 649.  Subject matter where the rotation is based upon some characteristic of a graphical object that is rotated.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 656]    656Image based (addressing):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 649.  Subject matter where the system performs rotation of the image by using bit map graphics.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 657]    657By arbitrary ratio:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 656.  Subject matter where the image is rotatable by any angle.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 658]    658By 90 degrees:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 656.  Subject matter where the image is rotated in 90-degree increments.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 659]    659Image rotates in response to display device orientation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 656.  Subject matter where the image is rotated based upon the orientation of the display device.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 660]    660Scaling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 619.  Subject matter wherein the size of the image or graphic object is changed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

472,for scaling the size of a stored font.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

382Image Analysis,   subclasses 298 through 300for similar processes for changing the size of an image.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 661]    661Graphical User Interface tools:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 660.  Subject matter wherein the size of the image or graphic object is specified interactively by a user.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 662]    662Alignment functions (e.g. snapping, gravity):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 661.  Subject matter wherein the system aids the user in scaling the object.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 663]    663Constrained manipulations (i.e., movement in less than all dimensions):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 661.  Subject matter wherein where the system aids the user by limiting the manipulation to a selected subset of available sizes.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 664]    6643D manipulations:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 661.  Subject matter wherein the object may be scaled in three dimensions.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 665]    6652D manipulations:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 661.  Subject matter wherein the object may be scaled in two dimensions.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 666]    666Object based:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 660.  Subject matter wherein the scaling is based upon a characteristic of a graphical object.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 667]    667Image based (addressing):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 660.  Subject matter wherein the system performs scaling by using bit map graphics.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 668]    668By arbitrary ratio:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 667.  Subject matter wherein the image is scaleable to any size.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 669]    669By integer multiples:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 667.  Subject matter wherein the image is scaled in increments.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 670]    670Reduction only:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 667.  Subject matter wherein the size of the image is reduced.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 671]    671Enlargement only:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 667.  Subject matter wherein the size of the image is enlarged.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 672]    672Translation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 619.  Subject matter wherein the graphic object is moved to another position.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

382Image Analysis,   subclass 295 for similar processes for positioning or translating an image undertaken to correct geometric distortions or misregistration between the image and, for example, an image sensor.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 673]    673Averaging technique:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 672.  Subject matter where an arithmetic mean of pixel values is used.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

708Electrical Computer: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating,   subclass 202 and 445 for generic digital averaging calculating.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 674]    674Copying data to create additional rows or columns:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 672.  Subject matter where the movement of the graphical object is used to copy data to create additional rows or columns in table formatted data.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 676]    676Graphical user interface tools:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 672.  Subject matter wherein the movement of the image or graphic object is specified interactively by a user.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 677]    677Alignment functions (e.g. snapping, gravity):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 676.  Subject matter wherein the system aids the user in moving the object.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 678]    678Constrained manipulations (i.e., movement in less than all dimensions):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 676.  Subject matter wherein the system aids the user by limiting the manipulation to a selected subset of available axis.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 679]    6793D manipulations:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 676.  Subject matter wherein the object may be moved in three dimensions.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 680]    6802D manipulations:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 676.  Subject matter wherein the object may be moved in two dimensions.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 681]    681Object based:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 672.  Subject matter wherein the translation is based upon some characteristic of graphical object being translated.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 682]    682Image based (addressing):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 672.  Subject matter wherein the system performs translation of the image by using bit map graphics.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 683]    683Sprite:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 682.  Subject matter wherein a small portion of the image (sprite) is moved relative to the background.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 684]    684Scrolling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 682.  Subject matter wherein the desired image movement includes linear incremental movement.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

715Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing,   subclasses 786 through 789, for a scrolling operation performed in a graphical user interface window environment.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 685]    685Alphanumeric:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 684.  Subject matter wherein the incremental movement includes displacement of a text message.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 686]    686Memory addressing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 684.  Subject matter wherein the image is scrolled by altering the addresses applied to the memory storing the image.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 687]    687Smooth or continuous:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 686.  Subject matter wherein the incremental movement is smooth or continuous.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 688]    688Attribute changes during scrolling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 684.  Subject matter wherein the attributes of the image is altered when the image is scrolled.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 689]    689Textual entry or display of manipulation information (e.g., enter or display degree of rotation):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 619.  Subject matter wherein the system aids the user by allowing alphanumeric entry of position or orientation or displays the current position or orientation.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 690]    690Intensity or color driving control (e.g., gray scale):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 204.  Subject matter wherein the selective electrical control provides control of the brightness or light intensity or color level of the image data to be displayed.
(1) Note. Patents classifiable here do not selectively control or create the attributes of an image or object.
(2) Note. Attribute selection or creation is classified elsewhere in this class. See the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS notes below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12,and 20, for CRT data responsive intensity control.
63,for matrix fluid light-emitter intensity control.
77,for matrix electroluminescent display with intensity control.
89,for matrix liquid crystal display with gray scale capability.
581through 618, for attribute selection or creation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

340Communications: Electrical,   subclass 815.55 for intensity control for a visual indicator.
358Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   subclasses 1.9 through 3.32for static presentation attribute processing.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 691]    691Temporal processing (e.g., pulse width variation over time):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 690.  Subject matter wherein the brightness, light intensity, or color level is controlled by using different time periods in conveying the image data.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 692]    692Binary weighted:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 691.  Subject matter wherein the temporal processing is binary weighted such that subsequent subfields or pulses increase by a power of 2.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 693]    693Non-binary weighted:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 691.  Subject matter wherein the temporal processing is non-binary weighted such that subsequent subfields or pulses increase by any number.
(1) Note. If the increase is only by power of 2 then the patent is classified elsewhere in this class. See the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS notes below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

692,for temporal processing that is binary.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 694]    694Spatial processing (e.g., patterns or subpixel configuration):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 690.  Subject matter wherein the brightness level, light intensity level, or color level are controlled by using different areas in conveying the image data.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

358Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   subclasses 3.13 through 3.2for static presentation halftone dithering.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 695]    695Subpixels have different shapes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 694.  Subject matter wherein subpixels have different areas or outlines or both.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 696]    696Changing of subpixel location over time:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 694.  Subject matter wherein the arrangement of subpixels that are shown changes over time while maintaining the same brightness level, light intensity level, or color level.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 697]    697Including optical means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 690.  Subject matter wherein color or intensity is visualized by means of an external optical element (e.g., polarizers or lens, etc.) although produced by selective operation of the display, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 698]    698Adjusting display pixel size or pixels per given area (i.e., resolution):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 204.  Subject matter wherein the area of a display covered by a single pixel or the number of pixels per unit of area is varied.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

358Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   subclass 3.1 for variation of the density of a print element and subclass 3.12 for variation of the size of a print element.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 699]    699Controller automatically senses monitor resolution:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 698.  Subject matter wherein the selective electrical control determines, without human intervention, the maximum number of pixels that can be displayed on a display.
  

CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS

[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 901]    901ELECTRONIC BOOK WITH DISPLAY:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Collection of art wherein the display elements* only convey information from a publication.
(1) Note. Typically the image data* is stored by some form of removable memory, and often the display device* is portable.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 902]    902MENU DISPLAY:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Collection of art wherein the image data* includes a listing of items wherein an item may be selected as part of the selective electrical control.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

810through 845, for menu data processing.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 903]    903MODULAR DISPLAY:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Collection of art wherein the display elements* are easily combinable to form a larger display device*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1.1,for plural display systems.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 904]    904DISPLAY WITH FAIL/SAFE TESTING FEATURE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Collection of art wherein the selective electrical control provides for checking the accuracy of the display device*.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 905]    905DISPLAY DEVICE WITH HOUSING STRUCTURE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Collection of art wherein the periphery of the display elements* includes a significant casing.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 947]    947FONT CHARACTER EDGE PROCESSING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Collection of art for generation of character data elements wherein the perimeters of textual characters are formed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

468+,for character font data processing.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 948]    948ALTERATION OF STORED FONTS TO MAINTAIN FEATURE CONSISTENCY THROUGHOUT SCALED FONT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Collection of art for modification of existing font parameters to create a different appearance wherein specific visual or measurable attributes are retained while modifying the font data.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 949]    949ANIMATION PROCESSING METHOD:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Collection of art wherein a sequence of individual display images are generated for presentation as a sequence to simulate motion with special processing steps that are not provided for elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

473,for animation data processing in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 950]    950Sprite processing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 949.  Collection of art wherein discrete geometric s:graphic elements are manipulated.
(1) Note. The processing of s:graphic elements prior to frame buffer is classified herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

672through 688, for image movement and position control.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 951]    951Key frame processing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 950.  Collection of art wherein key frames portraying extreme or standard positions from which intermediate positions may be inferred are presented in animated sequence with appropriate interpolation.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 952]    952Simulation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 949.  Collection of art wherein animated display is created in response to a process modelling another process.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 953]    953Geometric processing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 949.  Collection of art wherein animated display is created by iterative displays of mathematically derived images.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 954]    954Quaternions:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 953.  Collection of art wherein animated display is created using a set of all possible rotations.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 955]    955Morphing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 949.  Collection of art wherein animated display modifies an image into a different image by a succession of interpolated transformations blended to appear as a continuous metamorphosis.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 956]    956Language driven animation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 949.  Collection of art wherein animated display is created in response to a set of commands provided by an operator.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 957]    957Actor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 956.  Collection of art wherein animated display is created in response to a defined motion process explicitly placed in the motion sequence.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 958]    958Collision avoidance:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 949.  Collection of art wherein animated display recognize and reacts to a foreseeable intersection of motion paths among multiple images.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 959]    959Object path adherence:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 949.  Collection of art wherein animated display controls movement to constrain path traversal within predefined criteria.
  
[List of Patents for class 345 subclass 960]    960Iterative display of preconfigured images:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 949.  Collection of art wherein animation is created by simulating movement by interactive display of a succesion of images each presenting and advance in movement from the prior image.
(1) Note. The creation of images for subsequent iterative display is classified herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

473,for paging schemes of iterative display of images.
  

FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS

The definitions below correspond to abolished subclasses from which these collections were formed. See the Foreign Art Collection schedule of this Class for specific correspondences. [Note: the titles and definitions for indented art collections include all the details of the one(s) that are hierarchically superior.]

FOR 100Cathodoluminescent type:
 Foreign art collection wherein the display elements generate light due to the application of electrical control through an anode or cathode to emit an electron beam at each display element to strike a phosphor layer.
  
FOR 101Vacuum fluorescent:
 Foreign art collection wherein the cathodoluminescent display elements include a vacuum for elec to travel through so as to excite a phos material to emit light.
  
FOR 102Memory: (345/521)
 Subject matter wherein the interfacing means is between a graphics processor and a storage device.
  
FOR 103Data manipulation (e.g., masking, interpola): (345/523)
 Subject matter wherein a graphics processor defines operations for processing and manipu the data.
  
FOR 104Logical operation: (345/524)
 Subject matter wherein logical expression is used by the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) to manipulate the data.
  
FOR 105Bit block transfer: (345/525)
 Subject matter wherein a rectangular group of pixels (blocks of bits describing the pixels) move from one location (source) to another location (destination).
  
FOR 106Data transfer between graphic system components: (345/526)
 Subject matter wherein data is transferred between graphic system components (e.g., a graphic processor and a memory).
  
FOR 107DISPLAY STORAGE DEVICE: (345/507)
 Subject matter wherein the computer graphics processing system includes a store means manipulating the memory addressing or contents of the memory.
  
FOR 108Color memory: (345/186)
 Subject matter wherein the store means stores color image data*.
  
FOR 109Multiple planes: ( 345/510)
 Subject matter wherein the store means include a plurality of bit maps for storing color image data*.
  
FOR 110Addressing with priority: (345/188)
 Subject matter including means for assigning storage locations to the multiple planes based on priority access.
  
FOR 111Bit map or graphic memory: (345/509)
 Subject matter wherein the store means retains on or off (0 or 1) bits to represent one-to-one correspondence between the stored image data and the pixel data of a displayed image data.
  
FOR 112Addressing: (345/515)
 Subject matter including means for assigning storage locations to the picture data.
  
FOR 113Mask data operation: (345/191)
 Subject matter wherein the store means stores information which covers previously stored information.
  
FOR 114Character memory: (345/192)
 Subject matter wherein the store means retains codes which represent an alphanumeric* sym.
  
FOR 115Addressing: (345/193)
 Subject matter includes means for assigning storage location to the codes.
  
FOR 116Character generator: (345/194)
 Subject matter wherein the character memory includes a store for retaining a character pat.
  
FOR 117Multiple fonts:(345/195)
 Subject matter wherein the character memory includes a plurality of the character generators or provides for a plurality of character pattern styles.
  
FOR 118Row buffer (e.g., line memory): (345/196)
 Subject matter wherein the store means includes a register for retaining a line of the image data*.
  
FOR 119Register: (345/513)
 Subject matter wherein the graphic process system includes a temporary storage device, and the contents of the register are data elements or memory location addresses.
  
FOR 120Shift register: (345/197)
 Subject matter in which the store means retains a number of bits in a sequential manner.
  
FOR 121With routing logic: (345/198)
 Subject matter including a logic means cooper with the shift register for establishing read or write operation.
  
FOR 122Color look-up-table (e.g., palette): (345/199)
 Subject matter wherein the store means includes a palette for retaining color data.
  
FOR 123Addressing circuitry: (345/516)
 Subject matter wherein the computer graphics processing system includes means for assigning storage locations to the store means.
  
FOR 124Memory addresses arranged in matrix (e.g., row and column addresses): (345/517)
 Subject matter wherein storage locations are arranged to form rows and columns of data accessible by a single row or column address.
  
FOR 125Plural storage devices: (345/508)
 Subject matter wherein the store means includes a number of distinct memories.
  
FOR 126Data transfer between memories: (345/511)
 Subject matter wherein data is transferred from one location to another location in the same memory or between memories.
  
FOR 127Shared memory: (345/512)
 Subject matter wherein the memory is shared by more than one graphics processor.
  
FOR 128Condition code, flag, or status: (345/514)
 Subject matter wherein the contents of the stor device are codes which represent the cur state or condition of the graphics processor.
  
FOR 129Multiple port access: (345/518)
 Subject matter wherein the memory is config such that there is more than one access port to and from memory, also including read/ write operations.
  
FOR 130Data compression or compaction: (345/202)
 Subject matter wherein the quantity of the image data* is reduced prior to storage in the store means.
  
FOR 131Significant data assignment in storage device: (345/203)
 Subject matter wherein the image data* is stored in the store means in accordance with a certain arrangement and format.
  
FOR 132PLURAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS:
 Foreign art collections including more than one visual display system*.
(1) Note. The use of adjacent CRTs to display a large image is typical of this type of plural display system.
  
FOR 133Remotely located:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the more than one visual display system* includes plural display terminals* which are positioned at separate locations where they cannot be viewed simulta.
(1) Note. Display terminals in different offices of a work environment are typical of this type of plural display system.
  
FOR 134Diverse systems (e.g., CRT/LCD interface):
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the plural display sys are different types.
(1) Note. Different types of display systems include CRTs, LEDs, LCDs, plasma, etc.
  
FOR 135DISPLAY ATTRIBUTE CONTROLLER:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein a desired display effect is achieved by a display controller*.
(1) Note. Examples of the classifiable sub matter included herein are: (1) caus certain image data* to be displayed in a specified manner, (2) providing rotation of a previously generated image, (3) providing scrolling of received image data, (4) providing magnification (i.e., size change) of a previously generated image, (5) displaying the image data* at a specified resolution, and (6) providing brightness control and/or selectable col for the image data* to be displayed.
  
FOR 136Particular overlay (e.g., superimposing feature):
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the selective electrical control includes a display in which first image data* is conveyed in front of second image data*.
  
FOR 137Foreground and background:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the first image data* is foreground information and the second image data* is background information.
  
FOR 138Simultaneous diverse images:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein a plurality of distinct image data* are displayed at the same time on a display device*.
(1) Note. Displays with distinct and pre display regions are included here.
  
FOR 139Character and graphical display:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the plurality of distinct image data* includes alphanumeric* and non-alphanumeric* data to be displayed.
  
FOR 140Specified image of abnormal condition:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the display elements* convey image data* which indicate an unusual status (e.g., an alarm indication via an icon or a change in color based on an unusual condition, etc.).
  
FOR 141Having image confined to designated region (e.g., image clipping):
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the image data* is con within a designated area.
  
FOR 142Image movement or position control (e.g., panning):
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the selective electrical control makes the displayed image move.
  
FOR 143Scrolling:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the desired image movement includes linear incremental move.
  
FOR 144Alphanumeric:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the incremental move includes displacement of a text message to be displayed.
  
FOR 145Graphical:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the incremental move includes displacement of a graphical object to be displayed.
  
FOR 146Rotation:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the image movement is an angular displacement of the image data*.
  
FOR 147Image size control:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the selective electrical control varies the size of the displayed image.
  
FOR 148Alphanumeric:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the display elements* convey a character message of different size.
  
FOR 149Reduction:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter that includes means for compressing the size of the displayed character message.
  
FOR 150Enlargement:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter that includes means for expanding the size of the displayed character message.
  
FOR 151Graphical:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the display elements* convey graphical entities of different size.
  
FOR 152Defined resolution (e.g., EGA, VGA):
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the selective electrical control provides the image data* for a desig number of display elements*.
  
FOR 153Graphic display:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the display elements* convey graphical entities (e.g., geometric shapes, drawings, graphs of analog curves, bar graphs, or histograms).
  
FOR 154Waveform display (e.g., oscilloscope type):
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the display elements* convey waveforms or graphs of analog curves.
  
FOR 155Vector display:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the display elements* convey a straight line from an input data which may represent terminal points or a point with magnitude and direction.
  
FOR 156With image smoothing control (e.g., anti-aliasing):
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the selective electrical control removes stair-step effects or jagged edges from the displayed graphical entities.
  
FOR 157Convolving technique:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein a displayed output value is derived by obtaining an average from a number of input values, or wherein a displayed output value is based on convolving a corresponding input value and neighboring input values, so that the output values provide a display wherein stair-step effects or jagged edges are removed.
  
FOR 158Averaging technique:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein a displayed output value is derived by obtaining an average from a number of input values, or wherein a displayed output value is based on a corresponding input value and neighboring input values.
  
FOR 159Perspective:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the selective electrical control modifies the image data* to produce either a perspective or a shadow effect (e.g., providing a 3D effect on a two-dimensional display).
  
FOR 160Bar graph:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the display elements* convey a variable length-line arrangement to show the condition of a given parameter.
  
FOR 161Character display:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the display elements* convey numeric symbols or symbols of a certain language.
  
FOR 162Calligraphic:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the symbols of a certain language include pictograms; e.g., Katakana, Chinese, Korean, hieroglyphics.
  
FOR 163Character border:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the character data element is generated based on an outline or an edge of a character to be displayed.
  
FOR 164CURSOR MANIPULATION:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the selective electrical control provides a control of a movable operator-controlled display entity or cursor.
  
FOR 165Menu selection:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the cursor is used to select from a number of displayed items.
  
FOR 166Intensity control (e.g., gray scale):
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the selective electrical control provides control of the brightness or light intensity level of the image data* to be displayed.
  
FOR 167Temporal processing (e.g., pulse width vari over time):
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the brightness or light intensity level is controlled by using different time periods in conveying the image data*.
  
FOR 168Spatial processing (e.g., patterns or subpixel configurations):
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the brightness or light intensity level is controlled by using different areas in conveying the image data*.
  
FOR 169Selectable color attributes:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the display elements* are capable of conveying two or more colors or wherein the image data* includes information pertaining to two or more colors to be dis.
  
FOR 170Including optical means:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein color is visualized by means of an external optical element (e.g., polarizers or lens) although produced by selective operation of the display, per se.
  
FOR 171Designated subpixel arrangement:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the colors associated with the display elements* are arranged in a designated manner.
  
FOR 172Color bit data modification or conversion:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the selective electrical control transforms or modifies the image data* including color information to be displayed.
  
FOR 173Format change (e.g., NTSC to RGB, RGB to composite, or XYZ to RGB):
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the transformation of the color information includes a conversion from one form to another in order to provide a desired output signal.
  
FOR 174Change in number of bits for a designated color (e.g., 4 bits to 8 bits, 8 bits to 4 bits):
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the transformation of the color information includes a conversion in the quantity of bits in describing a certain color.
  
FOR 175Synchronization of diverse media:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein a presentation includes elements having more than one data type where the elements are presented in a predetermined order and timing relationship.
(1) Note. Authoring, playing, or recording a presentation which includes synchroni of different media is classified herein.
  
FOR 209Mapping image onto surface of 3D object:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein a 2D image is trans to appear as if on a surface of a 3D object.
  
FOR 210Surface detail/characteristic:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the information is pro which relates to the attributes of an object or portion of an image.
  
FOR 211Texture:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the attributes include distribution of color and intensity on a surface to give an appearance of texture, such as smooth, rough, shiny, dull.
  
FOR 212Color:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the attribute includes color.
  
FOR 213Intensity:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the attribute is bright.
  
FOR 214Object processing:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the data representing a graphic object is manipulated.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for gener and processing data representing a graphic object.
  
FOR 215Clipping:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the graphic object is restricted to a particular region in the presentation space, with those portions not in the space being removed.
  
FOR 216Merge/overlay:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter including two or more overlap graphic objects.
  
FOR 217Affine:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the graphic object is at least rotated (pivoted about its center point) and translated, rotated and scaled, or translated and scaled.
(1) Note. The graphic object can also be rotated, scaled, and translated.
  
FOR 218Rotation:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the graphic object is pivoted about its center point.
  
FOR 219Translation:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the graphic object is moved to another position.
  
FOR 220Scaling:
 Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the size of the graphic object is changed.