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Classification Resources
 

 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 281]   CLASS 281,BOOKS, STRIPS, AND LEAVES
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

Books, strips, and leaves and various combinations thereof, combinations thereof with other things for which no other place is provided, processes of making where the processes are fully disclosed in the articles, and accessories to books, strips, and leaves, such as protectors, book-leaf holders and marks, and holders, therefor, for which no other place is provided.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Leaf arrangements which merely facilitate removal of a leaf from an arrangement or package are found in Class 206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclasses 449+; the inclusion of means to separate a leaf from the residue so that it may be dispensed and will effect classification in Class 221, Article Dispensing. A permanently bound book with leaf perforations for leaf removal is found in this class (281).

A sheet retention means providing nondestructive sheet recovery therefrom in combination with the sheet mounted thereon and where such sheet in addition includes structure (e.g., line of perforations, etc.), permitting destructive recovery of a portion thereof is placed in Class 402, Binder Device Releasably Engaging Aperture or Notch of Sheet.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

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24Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc.,   subclass 2 for a device specially adapted for the purpose of keeping an album and other book-like structure closed when not in use.
40Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclasses 642.02+ for a label holder, per se, or in combination with a label; subclasses 124.01+ for a card having advertising matter or pictures thereon; subclass 359 for a folder including identification means in the form of a label, label holder or a portion intended to receive indicia and subclass 360 for a sheet including identification means in the form of a label, label holder or tab to receive indicia.
112Sewing,   subclasses 400+ for a sewn single or plural layer stock material product.
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   appropriate subclasses for (1) a single-layer, waterlaid, fibrous sheet or web, or (2) a plural-layer sheet or web including a layer of fibers applied to a second layer by a process provided for in that class (162); 181.1 and particularly subclass 141 , which include any nonstructural fiber (or fiber-containing) sheet or web (e.g., a particular blend of fibers), regardless of whether waterlaid or not).
206Special Receptacle or Package,   subclasses 449+ for a sheet package and see Lines With Other Classes, above.
221Article Dispensing,   appropriate subclasses for devices not otherwise provided for, for dispensing or feeding discrete articles from a source of supply, and especially subclasses 33+ for such devices in which flexible sheet-like articles are distorted as they are separated from the source of supply.
225Severing by Tearing or Breaking,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 27+ for pads or stacks of individual sheets, and subclass 32 for zigzag folded supply package.
226Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule rewiew.
242Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 550+ and 570+ for an unwinding device or coil holder of general use.
283Printed Matter,   for (1) a strip, book or leaf bearing indicia which primarily effect an intellectual impression other than the aesthetic or (2) the combination of such strip, book or leaf with other things not classifiable elsewhere.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web, or sheet, especially subclasses 121+ for such a product which is folded, subclasses 131+ for such a product which includes a component having apertures, and subclasses 156+ for such a product including a component which varies in thickness, subclass 181 for such a product including a component which is nonplanar, but of uniform, thickness, and comprises parallel adjacent folds (e.g., pleats).

SECTION IV - GLOSSARY

BOOK

Consists of two or more sheets secured together (a) only at their margins or (b) only at a restricted field within the margins or (c) only at their margins and at a restricted field within the margins. A folded sheet has not been classified as a book. When a margin of one sheet is attached to a margin of another sheet to obtain in effect a single sheet of greater area, the resulting article is still regarded as a sheet rather than a book.

LEAF

A sheet other than a strip.

SHEET

A body having two parallel surfaces both dimensions of which are large in comparison with the third dimension of the body.

STRIP

A sheet folded back and forth along at least two fold lines and unattached to anything or attached to a backing either at the ends only or in such a way that the folded portions can be successively released without mutilation, or it is a sheet rolled up. Also patents claiming fold lines or other features for so folding or rolling up sheets are classified as "strips".

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 2]    2STRIPS AND LEAVES:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Comprising in each case a strip or strips and a leaf or leaves, but no other sheet material.

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283Printed Matter,   subclass 61 .
462Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   subclasses 8+ .
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 3.1]    3.1BOOK AND LEAF:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising a book* combined with an additional leaf*. (Terms marked with * are defined in the class definition of this class.)

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462Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   subclasses 17+ .
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 4]    4Removable cover:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  The cover of one of the books is removable.

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17,19.1+ and 34, for other removable book covers.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 4.1]    4.1Blotter leaf:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Subject matter wherein the additional leaf is made of an absorbent material and is intended to be used for drying a surface that has just been written on in ink by soaking up and excess ink.

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34Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   subclasses 89.1+ and 95+ for blotting means there classified.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 5]    5STRIPS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Involving in each case a strip or strips, but no other sheet material.
(1) Note. See Glossary in the class definition.

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2,

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40Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclasses 338+ and 530+ for a hinged display device in the form of a folded sheet including means to secure display items (e.g., cards, pictures, etc.), thereon; and subclass 359 for a folder (i.e., sheet folded only once) including identification means in the form of a discrete label, label holder or a portion intended to receive a number, letter or mark.
283Printed Matter,   subclasses 61 and 62.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 121+ for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which includes a component having a fold at the edge, and subclass 181 for such a product including a component which is nonplanar but of uniform thickness and comprises parallel adjacent folds (e.g., pleats).
462Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   subclasses 2+ , 6, 7, 8+, and 25+.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 6]    6With platen:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Comprising hard smooth surfaces, over which the strips pass.

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2,

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462Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   subclasses 14 , 41, and 47.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 7]    7Strip retained:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 6.  Means being present for retaining one or more strips after use.

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2,

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462Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   subclasses 9+ and 27+.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 8]    8With feed:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Some unusual facility for feeding a strip being involved.

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2,

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462Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   subclasses 10+ , 29, 32+, 37+, 40+, and 46+.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 9]    9With attaching means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  There being present some means for attaching the device to a support.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 10]    10Leaf retained
 This subclass is indented under subclass 6.  Including means for retaining leaves, formed by cutting up one or more of the strips.

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2,

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462Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   subclasses 12 and 36+.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 11]    11With feed:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 6.  Some unusual facility for feeding a strip being involved.

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2,and 8.

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462Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   subclasses 37 and 38.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 12]    12With attaching means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 6.  Including some means for securing the device to a support.

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9,
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 13]    13Wall:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  The attaching means being capable of use where a wall is the support.

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9,
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 14]    14Strip retained:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Means being present for retaining one or more of the strips after use.

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7,and indented subclasses.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 15.1]    15.1BOOK, ELEMENT, THEREOF, OR ACCESSORY THEREFOR:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising a book*, a part or subcombination of a book, or an accessory, not classifiable elsewhere, which is specifically adapted for use with a book. (Terms marked with * are defined in the class definition of this class.)
(1) Note. Accessories for a book may be such things as protectors, book hangers, or book-leaf holders and marks.

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3.1+,for a book combined with an additional leaf.

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283Printed Matter,   subclasses 63.1+ for a book carrying indicia.
462Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   subclasses 7+ , 17+, 53, 54, and 55+.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 16]    16Multiple:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1.  More than one book being involved in the invention in each patent.

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462Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   subclasses 20 , 21, and 57+.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 17]    17Removable cover:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  The cover of one of the books being removable.

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462Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   subclasses 20 , 21, and 57+.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 18]    18Sealed:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1.  The books or some part of them being sealed.

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283Printed Matter,   subclasses 72+ .
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 19.1]    19.1Removable cover:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1.  A book including a cover which can be releasably secured to and placed around the book, the body of the book having some modification necessitated by the particular cover associated with the book.
(1) Note. In each patent in this and the indented subclass there is involved some modification of the body of the book, made necessary by the particular cover associated with it. A removable cover which does not necessitate any modification of the body of a book is classified in this class, subclass 34.

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4.17,and 34, for other removable book covers.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 19.2]    19.2Loop engaging:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.1.  A book including at least one structure which is or which resembles a closed or substantially closed ring, coil, or any other closed or substantially closed loop by which the body of the book may be releasably secured to the cover.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 20]    20Protectors:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1.  Means applied in book backs, sides, and leaves for protecting the books against hard usage.

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29+,compare with this subclass (20) for book-covers.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 21.1]    21.1Binding:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1.  Subject matter related to the means which permanently secure the leaves* together to form the book or which permanently secure the cover to the body of the book. (Terms marked with * are defined in the class definition of this class.)
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 22]    22Scrapbook:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  The signatures or leaves being spaced apart, usually by the interposition of filler-strips.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 23]    23Continuous strip:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  The signatures or leaves being secured to strip of substantially the same length as the signatures and leaves.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 24]    24Guard:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  The signatures or leaves being secured to intermediate elements of substantially the same thickness as the signatures or leaves attached to them and the intermediate elements being secured together to form the book.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 26]    26Undercut slot:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  The backs of the signatures and leaves being slotted, the planes of the cuts being inclined to the plane of the backs.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 27]    27Sewed:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  The bindings including cords passed through the leaves or signatures and usually tied or looped together at intervals or sewed or tied to a backing or to bands.

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23,
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 27.1]    27.1Ring or arch:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Subject matter wherein the leaves of the book have a registering aperture formed in their corresponding margins or have correspondingly spaces apertures formed along their corresponding margins; and wherein the leaves are permanently secured together (a) by one or more rings or loops passed through the registering apertures of the leaves, (b) by a continuous length of wirelike material that is helically or spirally wound into a coil and passed through the registering apertures of the leaves, (c) by a continuous length of wirelike material that is bent or formed into an alternating series of oppositely disposed fingerlike loops which are then arched or curved toward one another to form a series of substantially closed rings or loops passed through the registering apertures of the leaves, or (d) by a comblike structure in which the fingers are arched or curved toward the back of the comb forming closed or substantially closed loops or rings passed through the registering apertures of the leaves.
(1) Note. A closed or substantially closed ring, coil, or loop may have a configuration other than circular as, for example, a D-shaped configuration.
(2) Note. It is to be understood that in the definitions of this and the indented subclass, the term "leaves" may also include the covers of books which are bound simultaneously together with the leaves by the same binding means. Accordingly, these covers would usually have an aperture or apertures corresponding to the apertures in the leaves.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 27.2]    27.2Metallic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 27.1.  Subject matter wherein the ring or arch type securing means includes some element made from metallic material.

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27.3,for a securing means other than the ring or arch type which includes some metallic element, and see the Search Class Notes appended thereto.

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140Wireworking,   subclasses 92.3+ for a process or apparatus for intercoiling a rotated helix with the aligned edge perforations of sheets or leaves to make a "spiral" bound book.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 27.3]    27.3Metallic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Subject matter in which the means which permanently secures the parts of the book together includes some element made from metallic material.

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27.2,for a ring or arch type securing means which includes some metallic element, and see the Search Class Note appended thereto.

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227Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for apparatus for applying a member, e.g., a staple, to work.
270Sheet-Material Associating,   subclasses 37+ , 52.18 and 58.08+ for similar securing means, e.g., stapling.
402Binder Device Releasably Engaging Aperture or Notch of Sheet,   subclasses 8+ for a sheet binder device of that class including a pliant, deformable sheet retainer and especially subclasses 14+ for such a device in which the sheet retainer (e.g., a metal strap, etc.) may be folded to secure the sheet.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 28]    28Elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Head-bands, rings, and other elements restricted to use in the binding of books.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 29]    29Covers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1.  Protecting means placed outside the bodies of books and overlying them.

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4,17 and 19.1+, for removable book covers.

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402Binder Device Releasably Engaging Aperture or Notch of Sheet,   subclasses 73+ for a cover, per se, for a device of that class (402).
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 30]    30With pencils:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Covers combined with pencils or pencil holders.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 31]    31With pockets:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Covers with pockets attached or covers modified so as to include pockets or receptacles.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 32]    32With pulls:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Covers combined with means attached to them for pulling them out from their positions on shelves.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 33]    33Easel type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  There being some means connected with the covers which adapt the books to be set up as easels.
(1) Note. Compare with the loci in the Search Class notes below.

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40Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclasses 341+ for a copy holding easel which includes an adjustable line guide or adjustable copy; Class
248Supports,   subclasses 441.1+ the residual locus for copy holders and other easels as well.
400Typewriting Machines,   subclass 718 for such a copy holder combined with a typewriter.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 34]    34Removable:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Book covers which can be placed removable around books without modification of the bodies of the books.

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4,17 and 19.1+, for other removable book covers.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 35]    35Flexible:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Limp covers for books.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 36]    36Backs:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Inventions relating to the backs of covers.
(1) Note. The connection between a back and the sides is placed here, as is also the combination of a back with the connection between the back and the sides.

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29,through 35.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 37]    37Sides:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Inventions restricted to the sides of covers.

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29,through 35.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 38]    38Leaves:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1.  Inventions pertaining to the sheet elements of the bodies of books.

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18,for leaves which are sealed.

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283Printed Matter,   compare with this class (281) for leaves bearing printed matter.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 39]    39Erasable surface:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  Leaves in combination with elements bearing erasable features, also leaves having parts modified so as to be erasable surfaces.

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434Education and Demonstration,   subclasses 408+ , for elements having or bearing erasable surfaces.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 40]    40Flat opening:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  Leaves modified or mounted so as to render the books in which they are bound flat-opening.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 41]    41Single leaf:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  The inventions being embodied in single leaves.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 42]    42Book-leaf holders and marks:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  Devices for holding book-leaves open, book-leaf clasps not otherwise classifiable, devices having some parts permanently secured to the books for marking places therein, devices to be applied to specific kinds of books for marking places therein, and devices intended to mark positions in books, but which have other functions besides.

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24Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc.,   subclasses 67+ and 326+ for leaf clasps and fasteners.
40Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclasses 352+ , for place-indicators for books and leaves other than those included in the above definition (subclass 42).
116Signals and Indicators,   subclasses 234+ for place-indicators for books and leaves other than those included in the above definition (subclass 42).
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 43]    43Book hanger:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1.  Subject matter comprising means to suspend a book against gravity from an elevated support.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 44]    44Pad holder:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1.  Subject matter comprising meas to releasably secure and support therein or thereto a memo, scratch, or other pad or tablet intended to be written on consisting of a collection of leaves* which are stacked one on top of another and hound together at one edge, such that removal of an individual leaf from the securing means is intended to be accomplished with mutilation (e.g., tearing, ripping, etc.) of a portion of the leaf or its binding. (Terms marked with * are defined in the class definition of this class.)
(1) Note. The stacked leaves may be bound together at one edge by glue or other individual leaves which are held together in a stack by the holder.

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45+,for a book or leaf holder in which removal of a leaf or book from the holding means is intended to be accomplished without mutilation (e.g., tearing, deforming, etc.) of any portion of the leaf, book, or holding means, and see the Search Class Notes appended thereto.

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40Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclasses 336+ for a means for phone-carried indicia.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 45]    45BOOK OR LEAF HOLDER:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device including means to releasably secure a leaf* or a book* therein or thereto in such manner that removal thereof, in the manner intended, from the means may be accomplished without mutilation (e.g., tearing, deforming, etc.), of any portion of the means, the leaf or the book. (Terms marked with * are defined in the class definition of this class.)

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44,for a pad holder in which removal of an individual leaf from the holding means is intended to be accomplished with mutilation of a portion of the leaf or its binding.

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40Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclass 359 for a folded sheet (i.e., "folder") including means for identifying the sheet or contents which may be disposed within the fold and subclass 360 for a sheet including means for identifying the sheet or articles which may be disposed contiguous therewith which means under subclasses 359 and 360 is in the form of a discrete label, label holder or portion of a sheet intended to receive a label (e.g., number, letter, mark, etc.).
225Severing by Tearing or Breaking,   subclass 27 for a severing device of that class (225) in combination with means to hold a pad of sheets or a stack of individual sheets, which sheets are to be severed (e.g., ripped, torn, broken, etc.), by manually forcing a portion of the sheet against a fixed edge of the severing device.
283Printed Matter,   for (1) a strip book or leaf bearing indicia which primarily effect an intellectual impression other than the aesthetic or (2) the combination of such strip, book or leaf with other things not classifiable elsewhere.
402Binder Device Releasably Engaging Aperture or Notch of Sheet,   for a similar device including means to engage a notch or aperture of a sheet to secure the sheet thereto.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 46]    46Cooperating with leaf fold:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Device wherein the device includes one or more components which secures: (1) a sheet folded upon itself which component or components cooperates with the fold juncture and either (a) passes through the thickness dimension thereof at the juncture of the fold, (b) extends along the juncture of the fold, or (c) both (a) and (b) above; (2) a book to the device by cooperation with a folded sheet element thereof in a manner set forth in 1, above; or (3) a book to the device which component(s) is disposed between adjacent pages of the book at their bound margins.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 47]    47Continuous with fold:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Device wherein the securing means is continuous with either the fold juncture of the leaf under part 1 or 2 of the definition of subclass 46 or the bound margin (e.g., sewn edge portion, etc.), of the pages of the book under part 3 of the definition of subclass 46.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 48]    48Pliant, deformable means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  Device wherein the component is of a flexible, flaccid or readily deformable material which is either a slender endless element (e.g., rubber band, etc.), or elongated element (e.g., string, etc.).

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402Binder Device Releasably Engaging Aperture or Notch of Sheet,   subclasses 8+ for a device including a flexible, flaccid or deformable sheet retainer intended to pass through a sheet.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 49]    49Hinged:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  Device wherein an end portion of the securing means is pivotally secured to the device to permit leaf or book removal.

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402Binder Device Releasably Engaging Aperture or Notch of Sheet,   subclass 23 for a device wherein the pivotally attached end of the sheet retainer in rotatably mounted on a separate and distinct pintle.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 50]    50Extending through aperture at juncture:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Device wherein the securing means passes through an opening disposed at the fold of the sheet as set forth under part 1 or 2 of the definition of subclass 46.
  
[List of Patents for class 281 subclass 51]    51MISCELLANEOUS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter not otherwise classified above.

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462Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   subclass 84 for miscellaneous subject matter classified therein and subclass 7 for a strip, book, and leaf combined.