CPC Definition - Subclass H10P

Last Updated Version: 2026.08
GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
Definition statement

This place covers:

Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of devices, or parts thereof, covered by class H10, which are generically applicable to these devices.

Relationships with other classification places

Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of devices, or parts thereof, which are covered by a single subclass of H10B - H10N, are classified in the subclass in question. For example, the manufacture of a transistor is classified in subclass H10D.

Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of generic packages, interconnections, connectors or other constructional details of devices, which are covered by subclass H10W, are classified in that subclass. For example, the formation of a copper pillar bump connector is classified in subclass H10W.

References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Electronic memory devices

H10B

Inorganic electric semiconductor devices

H10D

Inorganic semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation

H10F

Inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers

H10H

Organic electric solid-state devices

H10K

Electric solid-state devices not otherwise provided for

H10N

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of generic packages, interconnections, connectors or other constructional details of devices

H10W

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

bipolar

refers to semiconductor technology that involves multi-carrier-type operation, i.e. which simultaneously uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers

body

the region of semiconductor (resp. solid-state) material(s) within which, or at the surface of which, the physical effects that are characteristic of the device occur, and any bordering semiconductor (resp. solid-state) material(s) that are contiguous with this region.Examples: in a field-effect transistor [FET], the physical effects occur in the channel region between the source and the drain. The semiconductor body includes the channel region, the source and drain regions, and any contiguous semiconductor material; in a light-emitting diode [LED], the physical effects occur at a junction of active semiconductor layers. The semiconductor body includes these active semiconductor layers and any contiguous semiconductor layers, such as buffer layers, possibly a growth substrate, etc., that are between the cathode and anode electrodes;in a thermoelectric device, the solid-state body includes all solid-state materials in the path of current between the electrodes.

chip

a piece of a wafer or a substrate that has been processed to contain devices therein or thereon.The expression "diced chip" refers to the result of dicing a wafer or a substrate into a plurality of chips, whereas "undiced chip" refers to a chip before dicing or with no dicing.

component

an electric circuit element (e.g. diode, transistor, LED, etc.) that is one of a plurality of elements formed in or on a common substrate, e.g. in an integrated device

container

a solid construction in which (one or more) devices are placed, or which is formed around the devices, for forming packaged devices. A container requires a partial or total enclosure and it may also comprise a filling.

device

an electric circuit element (e.g. diode, transistor, LED, etc.); (depending on the context) can also refer to an integrated device (e.g. CMOS-IC, DRAM device, etc.). A device may be in the form of a bare or packaged chip.

dopant

the atoms or compounds added to a material during doping

doping

the intentional addition of a small quantity of atoms or compounds into a material to achieve a desired characteristic, e.g. to produce an n-type or p-type material

electrode

a conductive region in or on the semiconductor body or solid-state body of a device (and other than the body itself) which exerts an electrical influence on the body, irrespective of whether or not an external electrical connection is made thereto. The term covers metallic regions which exert electrical influence on the body through an insulating region (e.g. in intentional non-parasitic capacitive coupling), or inductive coupling arrangements. In a capacitive coupling arrangement, the dielectric region is regarded as part of the electrode. The overall conductive wiring may comprise multiple portions. In such a case, only the wiring portions that exert an electrical influence on the body are considered portions of the electrode. Examples: conductive layer(s) in direct physical contact with the body; conductive region(s) exerting an inductive coupling onto the body; a multilayer structure which exerts influence on the body through an insulating region, e.g. in intentional non-parasitic capacitive coupling.

encapsulation

an enclosure consisting of (one or more) layers, e.g. comprising organic polymers, which at least partially enclose the (one or more) devices, thereby protecting them. An encapsulation is often used to hermetically seal devices.

FET

field-effect transistor

field-effect

refers to semiconductor technology wherein a voltage applied to a gate electrode creates an electric field that allows for control of current near the interface of the gate and the body, e.g. to create an inversion channel between the source and drain of a MOSFET

individual

refers to: an electric circuit element not being an integrated device; or a component of an integrated device. Examples of individual devices include: diodes, transistors, photovoltaic cells, Josephson-junction devices, light-emitting diodes [LED], organic LEDs or a single LED component within an integrated device.

integrated circuit

an integrated device where all the electric circuit elements (e.g. diodes, transistors, LEDs, etc.) are formed in or on a common substrate, including interconnections between the elements

integrated device

a device consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state electric circuit elements formed in or on a common substrate

interconnection

a conductive arrangement for conducting electric current from an electrode of a circuit element to another part of the circuit. Examples include metal wirings.

MIS

metal-insulator-semiconductor

MISFET

metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor

MOS

metal-oxide-semiconductor

package

the collection of all elements, which are external to the chip, that protect the chip or connect it to another object. Package therefore covers encapsulations, containers, package substrates, interposers, heatsinks or the like. Package does not include objects at a higher system level, like circuit boards and beyond, e.g. a housing in which the circuit board is enclosed.

TFT

thin-film transistor

unipolar

refers to semiconductor technology that primarily involves one type only of charge carrier, i.e. it involves either holes or electrons but not both

wafer

It can be one of the following: (a) a slice of semiconductor or electric solid-state active material.For example: a slice of silicon; a slice of a semiconducting compound, e.g. gallium nitride [GaN]; a slice of lithium tantalate [LiTaO3] for superconductor applications. (b) a multilayered laminate, having at least one layer of semiconductor or electric solid-state active material, the layer being meant to be processed into devices.For example: silicon-on-insulator [SOI]; silicon-on-glass [SOG]; silicon-on-sapphire [SOS]; a composite wafer comprising silicon carbide [SiC] on polycrystalline silicon [Si] support; a layer of semiconducting nanowires on glass. A wafer is typically processed by (e.g.) deposition, etching, doping or diffusion, and is then typically diced into chips.

Bonding of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
Definition statement

This place covers:

The bonding of wafers, substrates or parts of devices covered by class H10.

Relationships with other classification places

This group covers bonding of wafers or substrates either (i) before the step of making of any interconnections, or (ii) before the step of packaging of devices, whichever step comes first.

Aspects of bonding involving chips, package parts or interconnections, e.g. chip-on-chip bonding or chip-on-wafer bonding, are classified in subclass H10W, e.g. in group H10W 80/00.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Debonding of wafers, substrates or parts of devices

H10P 56/00

Bonding of package parts

H10W

Direct bonding of chips, wafers or substrates

H10W 80/00

Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
Definition statement

This place covers:

The formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars, over wafers or substrates or parts of devices covered by class H10.

The materials can be semiconductor, conductive, resistive or insulating.

The techniques include physical vacuum deposition, sputtering, chemical vapour deposition [CVD], physical vapour deposition [PVD], electrolytic deposition (i.e. electroplating) and electroless plating.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials

B05D 1/00

Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material

C23C 14/00

Chemical coating

C23C 16/00 - C23C 20/00

Electroplating

C25D 3/00 - C25D 7/00

Electrolytic or electrophoretic coating

C25D 9/00 - C25D 17/00

Single crystal growth; Epitaxy

C30B

Ion implantation into wafers, substrates or parts of devices
Definition statement

This place covers:

Ion implantation into wafers, substrates or parts of devices covered by class H10.

The ion implantation can take place into semiconductor materials (e.g. for doping) or into insulating materials.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised changing of properties of objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation

H01J 37/317

Etching of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
Definition statement

This place covers:

Etching specially adapted for wafers, substrates or parts of devices covered by class H10.

The etching techniques include dry etching, plasma etching, reactive-ion etching, wet etching and electrolytic etching.

The etched materials can be semiconductor, conductive, resistive or insulating materials.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Cleaning of wafers, substrates or parts of devices

H10P 70/00

Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions

C09K 13/00

Etching metallic material by chemical means

C23F 1/00

Electrolytic etching or polishing

C25F 3/00

Grinding, lapping or polishing of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
Definition statement

This place covers:

Grinding, lapping or polishing specially adapted for wafers, substrates or parts of devices covered by class H10. These processes aim to remove material from a surface of a workpiece, e.g. using loose abrasive materials.

The techniques include:

  • electromechanical polishing [EMP];
  • electrochemical mechanical polishing [ECMP]; and
  • chemomechanical polishing [CMP].
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Machines, devices, or processes for grinding or polishing, in general

B24B

Polishing compositions

C09G 1/00

Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents

C09G 1/02

Abrasives in general

C09K 3/14

Cutting or separating of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
Definition statement

This place covers:

Cutting or separating of wafers or substrates having semiconductor or solid-state devices formed, or to be formed, therein or thereon. The cutting may be partial, e.g. for making a groove.

The techniques include:

  • laser cutting;
  • forming weakened zones for subsequent cutting or separating, e.g. by laser treatment or by ion implantation;
  • sawing, e.g. using revolving or reciprocating blades;
  • scoring, breaking or cleaving.

Auxiliary processes or arrangements in relation to cutting or separating of wafers or substrates having semiconductor or solid-state devices formed, or to be formed, therein or thereon.

The auxiliary processes or arrangements include:

  • protecting or reinforcing the surface of wafers or substrates during cutting or separating, e.g. using adhesive tapes;
  • after-treatments, e.g. removal of adhesive tapes or supports.
References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Singulating wafers or substrates into multiple chips, i.e. dicing

H10P 58/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Etching of wafers, substrates or parts of devices

H10P 50/00

Debonding of wafers, substrates or parts of devices

H10P 56/00

Fine working, e.g. cutting, of crystalline semiconductor material; Apparatus therefor

B28D 5/00

Debonding of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
Definition statement

This place covers:

Debonding specially adapted for wafers, substrates or parts of devices covered by class H10.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Bonding of wafers, substrates or parts of devices

H10P 10/00

Cutting or separating of wafers, substrates or parts of devices

H10P 54/00

Singulating wafers or substrates into multiple chips, i.e. dicing
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Cutting or separating of wafers, substrates or parts of devices

H10P 54/00

Fine working, e.g. cutting, of crystalline semiconductor material; Apparatus therefor

B28D 5/00

Special rules of classification

When classifying in this group, any process step involving cutting or separating, which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in group H10P 54/00.

Cleaning of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
Definition statement

This place covers:

Cleaning processes or arrangements specially adapted for the wafers, substrates or parts of devices covered by class H10.

Relationships with other classification places

This group does not cover the cleaning of package elements, package parts or other constructional details, e.g. cleaning of packages after moulding, which are covered by the related groups of subclass H10W.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Etching of wafers, substrates or parts of devices

H10P 50/00

Cleaning in general by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam

B08B 3/00

Cleaning in general by methods involving the use of air flow or gas flow

B08B 5/00

Cleaning in general by electrostatic means

B08B 6/00

Detergent compositions

C11D

Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling

C25F 1/00

for positioning, orientation or alignment
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Marks applied to devices, e.g. for alignment or identification

H10W 46/00

Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices
Definition statement

This place covers:

Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices covered by class H10, e.g. with the aim to detect defects, repair defects or sort defective devices.

The testing or measuring processes must be performed during the semiconductor device fabrication phase, e.g. up to and including end point determination.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means for detecting end-point in lapping or polishing machines

B24B 37/013

Investigating or analysing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties

G01N

Measuring electrical or magnetic variables

G01R

Measuring leads; Measuring probes

G01R 1/06

Testing electric properties of individual semiconductor devices after their manufacture

G01R 31/26

Testing electric properties of semiconductor devices without physical removal from the circuit of which they form part, after their manufacture

G01R 31/27

Testing electric properties of electronic circuits after their manufacture

G01R 31/28

Contactless testing of electric properties of integrated circuits after their manufacture

G01R 31/303

Marks applied to devices, e.g. for alignment or identification

H10W 46/00

Manufacture or treatment of masks on semiconductor bodies, e.g. by lithography or photolithography
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Photolithography, in general

G03F

Preparation of wafers not covered by a single main group of this subclass, e.g. wafer reinforcement
Definition statement

This place covers:

Multistep processes for the preparation of wafers before the subsequent manufacture of semiconductor devices or solid-state devices therein or thereon.

The following specific multistep processes are included:

  • wafer reinforcement.
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Single-crystal growth of semiconductor ingots

C30B

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Fine working, e.g. cutting, of crystalline semiconductor material; Apparatus therefor

B28D 5/00