CPC Definition - Subclass F21S
This place covers:
- Lighting devices or systems of lighting devices which are specially adapted for fixed installation relative to the places at or articles on which they are installed. The installation can be at an immobile location such as the wall or the ceiling of a building or on a mobile object having a primary purpose other than the transport of the lighting device or system, such as a passenger vehicle.
- Lighting devices or systems of lighting devices which are specially adapted for use at a permanent location for a prolonged period of time (e.g. free-standing floor or table lamps).
The borderline between subclasses F21L and F21S is defined by the words "portable" and "fixed", not by "movable" and "non-movable". For example, lighting devices or systems used in the operation of vehicles, e.g. headlights, which are fixed on the vehicle and move together with the vehicle when it is travelling are considered to be non-portable, since they are components of the vehicle and fixed relative to the remainder of the vehicle at a permanent location. Such lighting devices are classified in subclass F21S. Lighting devices transported by a vehicle between locations and used for lighting purposes not related to the operation of the vehicle are classified in F21L.
Functional features or details of lighting devices or systems are classified in F21V.
Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles are classified in F21V 33/00, unless specifically provided for in this subclass or elsewhere in the CPC.
Light sources per se are covered in places indicated in the section Informative references.
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Arrangement or adaptation of lighting devices for vehicles | |
Railway light signals | |
Illumination specially adapted for railway points, form signals, or gates | |
Adaptation of lighting devices for ships or other waterborne vessels | |
Adaptation of lighting devices for aircraft | |
Road surface pavement lights | |
Illuminated markings for roads | |
Apparatus for illuminating scene for taking photographs | |
Traffic lights | |
Illuminated signs |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Candles | |
Incandescent bodies heated by combustion. e.g. mantles | |
Non-electric light sources using luminescence | |
Light sources using electrochemiluminescence | |
Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices | |
Light sources using semiconductor devices as light generating elements | |
Light sources not otherwise provided for | |
Candle holders | |
Burners | |
Fireworks | |
Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps | |
Electric incandescent lamps | |
Fastening electric light sources solely by the coupling device | |
Masers, lasers | |
Electric arc lamps | |
Electroluminescent light sources | |
Electric light sources using a combination of different types of light generation | |
Semiconductor devices specially adapted for light emission | |
Organic semiconductor devices specially adapted for light emission |
Non-electric lighting devices or systems are classified in groups F21S 11/00-F21S 15/00 only if a special adaptation related to the use of a non-electric light source is of interest. If there is no such special adaptation, classification is made in a relevant general place.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Light source | The entity (e.g. light bulb, fluorescent tube, gas mantle or combustible charge) that generates light for a lighting device. |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
LED | Light Emitting Diode |
This place covers:
- System of identical lighting modules forming a lighting device with a plurality of light sources
Articulated light source assembly
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Module | A self-contained assembly of light emitting devices that can be installed as a unit, for insertion in a housing in order to form a lighting device, e.g. for street lighting |
This place covers:
- String of lights for decorative purposes, e.g. for Christmas trees
- String of lights for illuminating working places
- String of lights interconnected by loose cables adapted for Christmas trees
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
String rigidly mounted on a frame or included in a resin | |
Christmas tree decorations | |
Lamp holder for string of lights interconnected by loose cables |
- Luminous garlands for Christmas trees, these documents should be given the Indexing Code F21W 2121/04.
This place covers:
- Strip of lights for display case in shops
- Strip of lights for handrail or balustrade
- Strip of lights embedded in a flexible resin or housed within a flexible or rigid transparent hose, e.g. illuminated rope
- Flexible LED lighting rod device
- Decorative frames for holding string of light sources
- Strip of lights for under-shelf lighting
Example: Flexible strip with multiple light emitting diodes
Example: Flexible illuminated device for simulating neon lighting
Example: Display cabinet illumination
Ex.: Under-shelf lighting system
Example: Strip of lights for handrail illumination
This place does not cover:
- Elongated LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamps with connectors for retrofitting |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lighting devices for show cases or show cabinets | |
Stairways, ramps; Balustrades; Handrails | |
Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided fo | |
Channel letter lighting system |
- Strip of lights for display case in shops are classified with the appropriate Indexing Code, F21W 2131/405 or (F21W 2131/405 and F21W 2131/305) and forwarded for classification in A47F 3/001. Sometimes also classified in F21V 33/0012 if attachable to a shelf. Forward for classification in F25D 27/00 if intended for refrigerated display case.
This place covers:
- Strips of lights, the lights being of elongated shapes
- Strips of elongated lighting devices
Example: Printed circuit board with diodes connected end-to-end
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Systems of lighting devices, e.g. of modular construction | |
Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices for several lighting devices in an end-to-end arrangement |
In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing Codes of F21Y
This place does not cover:
Electric lighting devices carried on wheeled supports without a self-contained power source |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply | |
Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect | |
Non-electric lighting devices or systems employing a point-like light source; Non-electric lighting devices or systems employing a light source of unspecified shape; Devices intended to be free-standing | |
Shades for light sources |
This place covers:
- Individual electric candle lamps
- Single battery powered candle lamps
Warning: this group includes also lighting devices for fixed installation and electric lamps simulating candles and forming strips of lamps.
Example: Single Candle Lamp
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lighting devices intended for fixed installation and decorative purposes | F21S 8/00 in combination with F21W 2121/00 |
Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply | |
Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect changing colour or simulating flames | |
- Christmas tree decorations | |
Candle holders |
In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2121/00 when used for particular applications or related to systems for decorative purposes
This place covers:
- for example desk lamps which are considered being a not frequently moved lighting device
Example: Wall or picture frame mounted illuminating device
Example: Under-cabinet light fixture
Example: Task light
- Lighting devices for lighting inside a domestic oven
- Lighting devices for lighting the interior of a closed vessel, e.g. a pressure tank
- Lighting devices for decorative purposes
Example: A stone-like shell
- Lighting devices for fountain lighting
- Lighting devices for swimming pool lighting
Example: Underwater lighting system
- Lighting devices for aquarium
- Lighting devices for signalling other than those adapted to be mounted on a vehicle
- Marker lights, e.g. navigation lights, airfield runway lights or beacon lights
Example: An airfield marker light (B64F 1/20)
Example: Underground corridor lights for airport runways.
Example: Lighting device for guiding a vessel or aircraft
Example: Illuminated warning cone
- Traffic lights; Pillar shaped lights; Lights arranged on top of each other
Example: Signalling lights on top of each other
- Indicator lights, e.g. for mounting on control panels or dashboards
Example: Indicator
Example: Mounting apparatus for indicator device
- Lamps on antennas or powerlines or aerial markers
Example: Wind-powered generator and blade therefor
Example: Wind powered generator with aircraft warning lights
Example: Radio tower lighting system
Example: Dual beacon for marking obstructions
Example: Intermediate voltage cable marker with enhanced conspicuity
- Lighting devices for illuminating an indoor working place
- Lighting devices for dentistry
Example: Dental lamp
- Lighting devices for medicine or surgery, i.e. fixed installation lighting apparatus in surgery rooms to light the surgeon's working places
Example: Surgical lighting system
- Lighting devices for stage, circus, studio, theatre or indoor arena lighting
Example: Washlight stage lighting fixture
Example: Moving head projector for use in exhibitions, theatres or shops
- Lighting devices for outdoor lighting, e.g. of tunnels, building, gardens, arenas, sport fields or gas stations
Example: Garden lighting device attachable to ground
Example: Wall lighting device with motion detector
Example: Sports lighting fixture
This place does not cover:
- When related to closely lighting a limited area:
Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia |
- When related to lighting devices for fountain lighting or lighting devices for swimming pool lighting:
Structural combinations of lighting devices with sanitary equipments, e.g. shower head, water tap |
- When related to lighting devices for signalling other than those adapted to be mounted on a vehicle
Arrangements or adaptations of optical signalling or lighting devices, the devices being mounted on a shaft and primarily intended to indicate the vehicle | |
Triangle warning arrangements | |
Road hazard warning devices, e.g. for safety barrier systems |
- When related to lighting devices for stage, circus, studio, theatre or indoor arena lighting
Apparatus or arrangements for projecting photographs; Projectors or projection-type viewers | |
Details of colour television system; Projection devices for colour picture display |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Systems of lighting devices, e.g. of modular construction | |
Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources | |
Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply | |
Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect | |
Details of lighting devices |
- When related to closely lighting a limited area:
Lighting devices intended to be free standing, e.g. desk lamps | |
Structural combination of lighting devices with furniture |
- When related to light inside a domestic oven:
Bakers'ovens; Means for illuminating ovens | |
Illumination for oven cavities | |
Aspects relating to lighting devices in the microwave cavity |
- When related to lighting devices for decorative purposes
String of lamps connected with electric wires | |
Electric candle lights | |
Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect | |
Christmas tree decorations | |
Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects |
- When related to lighting devices for fountain lighting or lighting devices for swimming pool lighting:
Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect using liquids, e.g. water | |
Spaying apparatus | |
Water projection screens |
- When marker lights, e.g. navigation lights, airfield runway lights or beacon lights
Light signals for guiding railway | |
Arrangement of optical beacons for ground or aircraft-carrier-deck-installations | |
Illuminated marker posts or bollards | |
Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals three dimensional free-standing devices, e.g. traffic cones, foldable or inflatable devices |
- When traffic lights or pillar shaped lights or lights arranged on top of each other
Illuminated marker posts or bollards | |
Traffic light control systems for road vehicles |
- When indicator lights, e.g. for mounting on control panels or dashboards
Dashboards |
- When lamps on antennas or powerlines or aerial markers
Wind turbines | |
Means for the lighting or illuminating of aerials, e.g. for purpose of warning |
- When lighting devices for dentistry
Instruments, implements or accessories for surgery or diagnosis; Devices for illuminating a surgical field |
- When lighting devices for medicine or surgery
Devices for illuminating a surgical field |
- When related to lighting devices for stage, circus, studio, theatre or indoor arena lighting
Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect | |
Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements | |
Adjustable mounting of a lighting device |
In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing Codes of subclasses F21W 2131/00 and/or classification in F21V 33/00 when applicable,
- When related to closely lighting a limited area like a working place: F21W 2131/402, lighting a painting: F21W 2131/304
- When related to lighting devices for lighting inside a domestic oven it is desirable to add the Indexing Codes of F21W 2131/307 -This subject-matter should not to be classified in F21V 33/0044
- When related to lighting devices for lighting the interior of a closed vessel, e.g. a pressure tank it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2131/411
- When related to lighting devices for decorative purposes it is desirable to add the Indexing Codes of F21W 2121/00
- When related to lighting devices for fountain lighting it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2121/02 - Documents classified here usually do not get classification in F21S 8/033 , F21S 8/02 or F21S 8/04
- When related to lighting devices for swimming pool lighting it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2131/401 - Documents classified here usually do not get classification in F21S 8/033 , F21S 8/02 or F21S 8/04
When related to lighting devices for aquarium it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2131/308 - Documents classified here usually do not get classification in F21S 8/033 , F21S 8/02 or F21S 8/04
When related to lighting devices for signalling other than those adapted to be mounted on a vehicle it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2111/00
- When marker lights, e.g. navigation lights, airfield runway lights or beacon lights
it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2111/06 or F21W 2111/02
- When traffic lights or pillar shaped lights or Lights arranged on top of each other it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2111/02
- When indicator lights, e.g. for mounting on control panels or dashboards it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2111/00
- When lamps on antennas or powerlines or aerial markers it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2111/00 or F21W 2111/06
- When lighting devices for illuminating an indoor working place it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2131/402
- When lighting devices for dentistry it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2131/202
- When lighting devices for medicine or surgery it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2131/205
- When lighting devices for stage, circus, studio, theatre or indoor arena lighting it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2131/406 - When the device uses variable lighting effect a class should be given also in F21S 10/00
When lighting devices for outdoor lighting, e.g. of tunnels, building, gardens, arenas, sport fields or gas stations it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2131/10
When lighting devices for lighting roadways or streets not provided in F21S 8/06, F21S 8/08 it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2131/103
This place does not cover:
Projector or searchlight on land vehicles | |
Searchlight mounted on a vehicle |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means; Specially adapted optical and illumination features |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for photometry; standard sources, also using luminescent or radioactive material- |
This place does not cover:
Lighting devices intended for fixed installation specially adapted for vehicles |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ceilings with means for hanging lighting fixtures or other appliances to the framework of the ceiling | |
Recessed wall lighting device for swimming pools |
This place covers:
- Elongated light source holding device for which the light source is mounted externally
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fastening of light sources or lamp holders of straight tubular light sources, e.g. straight fluorescent tubes | |
Line connectors; current collectors |
In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing Code s of F21Y 2103/00
This place does not cover:
Free standing lamps on a floor | |
Fixed lighting devices of recess mounted types in a floor | |
Illuminated carpets, stairs |
This place covers:
Lighting devices which are intended to be plugged into a power outlet
Example: Night light
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Apparatus for deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances using substances evaporated in the air by heating or combustion | |
Structural association of built-in electrical components with a built-in light source | |
Coupling devices in which a holder is adapted for supporting apparatus to which its counterpart is attached |
These plugs in devices are generally not to be classified in F21V 21/002 nor F21V 21/08
This place covers:
- Corner lighting device
Example: Indirect wall mounted lighting apparatus
This place does not cover:
Lighting device essentially made of an elongated section for suspending at least one linear light source |
This place covers:
Example: Ceiling chandelier
This place covers:
Example: A suspended cable lighting system
Example: Catenary lighting apparatus
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Details of lighting devices suspended from a cable or suspension lines |
This place does not cover:
Free standing lighting devices with a lamp housing distant from the floor or the ground via a support, e.g. standing lamp for ambient light | |
Spring-loaded poles fixed at both ends |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lighting device from a stretched wire |
In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing Codes of F21W 2131/10 whenever applicable
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
- Electric portable lighting devices with self-contained electric batteries or cells |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
- Alarm systems using visible light sources | |
Alarm systems using flashing light | |
Batteries forming a whole with or incorporated in or fixed to the electronic appliance | |
Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries |
This place covers:
- Lighting devices comprising solar cells and rechargeable batteries or capacitors
- Lighting devices using solar cells to get electric power supply from an artificial light, i.e. not using solar energy
- Lighting devices having nor power supply or accumulator but directly powered by the energy produced by solar cells, i.e. device not using electricity storing means
- Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries are not covered by this group, they could be found in H02J 7/00
- Contrary to the title, documents having no power supply nor accumulator but directly powered by the electric energy produced by solar cells, i.e. device not using electricity storing means, are classified in this group
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- "solar cell", "photovoltaic cell" and "solar panel"
This place covers:
- Lighting devices with power supply being a wind turbine
- Lighting devices with power supply being manual actuators being an electric generator
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
- Dynamo-electric machine |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Christmas tree decorations | |
Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects | |
Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of element | |
Decorative lighting devices |
This place covers:
Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group:
or
Decorative lamp with a lighted water container/reservoir.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lighting devices structurally combined with water taps or shower heads | |
Decorative lighting devices intended for fixed installation for fountain lighting; for swimming pool lighting |
- In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing symbol F21W 2121/00 as additional information when the varying lighting effect is decorative.
This place does not cover:
Light guides specially adapted for lighting devices |
This place does not cover:
Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect using liquids | |
Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect using rotating disks | |
Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect simulating flames |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Light filter for producing coloured light |
F24C 7/004: Stoves or ranges heated by electrical energy (electric heating elements or arrangements H05B); Stoves (F24C 7/02 - F24C 7/10 take precedence) simulating flames
Auxiliaries for producing special effects on stages, or in circuses or arenas are classified in A63J 5/023, but illuminating arrangements therefor are classified in F21W 2131/406. A63J 5/02 further covers arrangements for making stage effects and auxiliary stage appliances for making fire and flame simulations.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
- Electric candle lamps | |
- Stoves simulating flames |
In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2121/00
This place covers:
Example: Rotating reflector flashlight
Example: Apparatus for generating light patterns responsive to audio frequency input signals
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Changing the characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by movement of light sources | |
Changing the characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by movement of reflectors |
This place covers:
Example:Daylight deflecting device for use in double glass window for illuminating of building room
Example: Daylight illumination system
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Building arrangements in general, building details | |
Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-light | |
Windows or the like | |
Light guides specially adapted for lighting devices or systems |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Candle per se | |
Candle holder |
This place covers:
This place covers:
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
This place covers:
Dividing a single light beam into a plurality of separate light beams exiting an outbound surface, unifying or reunifying from the plurality of separate light beams on an inbound surface to a single beam exiting the outbound surface.
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
This place covers:
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Total internal reflection [TIR] reflectors | |
Total internal reflection [TIR] collimators | |
Collimators in general |
This place covers:
Refractor light beam shaping surfaces
- being grained;
- being corrugated;
- comprising pillows;
- comprising random structures;
- comprising cavities.
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Volumetric diffusers | |
Diffusing particles in the refractor bulk |
This place covers:
Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:
This place covers:
Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:
This place covers:
- two successive refractors;
- a refractor placed along the optical path after or before a light guide.
Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:
Filters or cover glasses acting as transparent plates without shaping the light are not to be considered as refractors.
This place covers:
Refractors comprising a plurality of discrete non-successive refracting portions forming a one-piece refractor.
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
4.
This place covers:
- headlamp projection lenses having an entry face for a position light;
- cover glasses acting as light guide for an LED on their edge;
- stacked lighting units behind the major surfaces of the light guides whose light transverses the light guides.
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
This place covers:
- cover glasses, e.g. for protecting the interior against water and dust;
- at least partially light transparent elements covering the housings of the signalling devices, e.g. for protecting the interior against water and dust.
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The features regarding the interface with the vehicle, such as fixing elements of the cover glass to the vehicle or wind sealing lips should be classified in B60Q.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Optical elements in general characterised by the material of which they are made |
This place covers:
- materials comprising inserts;
- materials comprising particles, e.g. for volumetric diffusers;
- materials comprising bubbles;
- materials with sections having different light transmissivities (e.g. made of a mix of transparent, opaque, opalescent materials);
- materials with sections having different light refraction indexes (e.g. two different glass materials).
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
This place covers:
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Layered products per se | |
Laminated safety glass or glazing incorporating specific parts for the variable transmission of light | |
Laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide | |
Layered vehicle transparent parts made from plastic material |
This place covers:
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
The above figure shows a refractor filled by a liquid colloid comprising light-diffusing particles.
3.
This place covers:
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Wavelength conversion elements for semiconductor devices characterised by the semiconductor body packages | |
Encapsulations for semiconductor devices characterised by the semiconductor body packages |
This place covers:
Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:
Element 20 is made from PVC, which is flexible, so that the signalling unit can be adapted to the shape of the vehicle or its parts.
This place covers:
- chromed surfaces;
- anti-reflection coatings;
- UV-protection coatings;
- opaque coatings;
- printed coatings.
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
The above figure shows an anti-reflection layer 131 on the cover glass 13.
2.
The above figure shows coloured or printed shielding layers 38, 58 on the refractor/cover glass.
This place covers:
Refractors having no light-shaping refracting interface.
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Total internal reflection [TIR] collimators | |
Reflectors for light sources in general using total internal reflection | |
Condensers in general having reflective surfaces only |
This place covers:
- reflectors with surfaces made diffusive by graining, laser etching, coating or painting;
- white or coloured reflectors;
- reflectors causing sparkling effect.
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
4.
This place covers:
A refractor for one light source, a reflector for another light source, with both light sources participating to the same signalling function.
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
4.
This place covers:
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
This place covers:
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Total internal reflection [TIR] reflectors | |
Condensers in general having refractive and reflective surfaces | |
Collimators in general |
This place covers:
Variable optical properties involving the use of:
- LCD;
- movable parts;
- rotating units;
- scanners;
- dynamic signalling patterns;
- means for colour or brightness changes.
Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Compression moulding of plastics around inserts or for coating articles | |
Making multilayered or multicoloured articles by compression moulding of plastics | |
Injection moulding of plastics around inserts or for coating articles | |
Making multilayered or multicoloured articles by injection moulding of plastics | |
Producing optical elements from plastics or from substances in a plastic state |