CPC Definition - Subclass F21S

Last Updated Version: 2023.02
NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Lighting devices or systems of lighting devices which are specially adapted for fixed installation relative to the places at or articles on which they are installed. The installation can be at an immobile location such as the wall or the ceiling of a building or on a mobile object having a primary purpose other than the transport of the lighting device or system, such as a passenger vehicle.
  • Lighting devices or systems of lighting devices which are specially adapted for use at a permanent location for a prolonged period of time (e.g. free-standing floor or table lamps).
Relationships with other classification places

The borderline between subclasses F21L and F21S is defined by the words "portable" and "fixed", not by "movable" and "non-movable". For example, lighting devices or systems used in the operation of vehicles, e.g. headlights, which are fixed on the vehicle and move together with the vehicle when it is travelling are considered to be non-portable, since they are components of the vehicle and fixed relative to the remainder of the vehicle at a permanent location. Such lighting devices are classified in subclass F21S. Lighting devices transported by a vehicle between locations and used for lighting purposes not related to the operation of the vehicle are classified in F21L.

Functional features or details of lighting devices or systems are classified in F21V.

Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles are classified in F21V 33/00, unless specifically provided for in this subclass or elsewhere in the CPC.

Light sources per se are covered in places indicated in the section Informative references.

In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclass F21W in order to indicate the uses or applications of lighting devices, and of F21Y in order to indicate the form of the light sources of lighting devices.

References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Arrangement or adaptation of lighting devices for vehicles

B60Q

Railway light signals

B61L 5/18

Illumination specially adapted for railway points, form signals, or gates

B61L 9/00

Adaptation of lighting devices for ships or other waterborne vessels

B63B 45/00

Adaptation of lighting devices for aircraft

B64D 47/02

Road surface pavement lights

E01C 17/00

Illuminated markings for roads

E01F 9/20, E01F 9/547, E01F 9/559, E01F 9/582'E01F 9/615

Apparatus for illuminating scene for taking photographs

G03B 15/02

Traffic lights

G08G 1/095

Illuminated signs

G09F 13/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Candles

C11C 5/00

Incandescent bodies heated by combustion. e.g. mantles

F21H

Non-electric light sources using luminescence

F21K 2/00

Light sources using electrochemiluminescence

F21K 2/08

Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices

F21K 5/00

Light sources using semiconductor devices as light generating elements

F21K 9/00

Light sources not otherwise provided for

F21K 99/00

Candle holders

F21V 35/00

Burners

F23D

Fireworks

F42B 4/00

Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps

H01J

Electric incandescent lamps

H01K

Semiconductor devices specially adapted for light emission

H01L 33/00

Fastening electric light sources solely by the coupling device

H01R 33/00

Masers, lasers

H01S

Electric arc lamps

H05B 31/00

Electroluminescent light sources

H05B 33/00

Electric light sources using a combination of different types of light generation

H05B 35/00

Organic semiconductor devices specially adapted for light emission

H10K 50/00

Special rules of classification

Non-electric lighting devices or systems are classified in groups F21S 11/00-F21S 15/00 only if a special adaptation related to the use of a non-electric light source is of interest. If there is no such special adaptation, classification is made in a relevant general place.

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Light source

The entity (e.g. light bulb, fluorescent tube, gas mantle or combustible charge) that generates light for a lighting device.

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

LED

Light Emitting Diode

Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S 4/00 - F21S 10/00 or F21S 19/00, e.g. of modular construction
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources

F21S 4/00

Lighting devices intended to be free standing

F21S 6/00

{of modular construction}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • System of identical lighting modules forming a lighting device with a plurality of light sources

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Articulated light source assembly

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Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Module

A self-contained assembly of light emitting devices that can be installed as a unit, for insertion in a housing in order to form a lighting device, e.g. for street lighting

with light sources attached to loose electric cables, e.g. Christmas tree lights
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • String of lights for decorative purposes, e.g. for Christmas trees
  • String of lights for illuminating working places
  • String of lights interconnected by loose cables adapted for Christmas trees

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References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

String rigidly mounted on a frame or included in a resin

F21S 4/20

Christmas tree decorations

A47G 33/08

Lamp holder for string of lights interconnected by loose cables

F21V 19/0005

Special rules of classification
  • Luminous garlands for Christmas trees, these documents should be given the Indexing Code F21W 2121/04.
with light sources held by or within elongate supports
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Strip of lights for display case in shops
  • Strip of lights for handrail or balustrade
  • Strip of lights embedded in a flexible resin or housed within a flexible or rigid transparent hose, e.g. illuminated rope
  • Flexible LED lighting rod device
  • Decorative frames for holding string of light sources
  • Strip of lights for under-shelf lighting

Example: Flexible strip with multiple light emitting diodes

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Example: Flexible illuminated device for simulating neon lighting

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Example: Display cabinet illumination

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Ex.: Under-shelf lighting system

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Example: Strip of lights for handrail illumination

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References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

- Elongated LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamps with connectors for retrofitting

F21K 9/27

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Lighting devices for show cases or show cabinets

A47F 3/001

Stairways, ramps; Balustrades; Handrails

E04F 11/00

Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided fo

F21V 33/00

Channel letter lighting system

G09F 13/0404

Special rules of classification
rigid, e.g. LED bars
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Strips of lights, the lights being of elongated shapes
  • Strips of elongated lighting devices

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Example: Printed circuit board with diodes connected end-to-end

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References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Systems of lighting devices, e.g. of modular construction

F21S 2/00

Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices for several lighting devices in an end-to-end arrangement

F21V 21/005

Special rules of classification

In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing Codes of F21Y

Lighting devices intended to be free-standing (F21S 9/00, F21S 10/00, {F21S 13/12} take precedence {lighting devices specially adapted to be transported from place to place, e.g. lighting devices carried on wheeled supports F21L; details of supports for lighting devices F21V 21/00})
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electric lighting devices carried on wheeled supports without a self-contained power source

F21L 14/04

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply

F21S 9/00

Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect

F21S 10/00

Non-electric lighting devices or systems employing a point-like light source; Non-electric lighting devices or systems employing a light source of unspecified shape; Devices intended to be free-standing

F21S 13/12

Shades for light sources

F21V 1/00

{being candle-shaped (with varying lighting effect of simulating flames F21S 10/04; string of light sources F21S 4/00)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Individual electric candle lamps
  • Single battery powered candle lamps

Warning: this group includes also lighting devices for fixed installation and electric lamps simulating candles and forming strips of lamps.

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Example: Single Candle Lamp

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References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Lighting devices intended for fixed installation and decorative purposes

F21S 8/00 in combination with F21W 2121/00

Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply

F21S 9/00

Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect changing colour or simulating flames

F21S 10/00, F21S 10/02, F21S 10/04

- Christmas tree decorations

A47G 33/08

Candle holders

F21V 35/00

Special rules of classification

In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2121/00 when used for particular applications or related to systems for decorative purposes

Lighting devices intended for fixed installation (F21S 9/00, F21S 10/00 take precedence; using a string or strip of light sources F21S 4/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • for example desk lamps which are considered being a not frequently moved lighting device

Example: Wall or picture frame mounted illuminating device

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Example: Under-cabinet light fixture

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Example: Task light

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  • Lighting devices for lighting inside a domestic oven
  • Lighting devices for lighting the interior of a closed vessel, e.g. a pressure tank
  • Lighting devices for decorative purposes

Example: A stone-like shell

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  • Lighting devices for fountain lighting
  • Lighting devices for swimming pool lighting

Example: Underwater lighting system

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  • Lighting devices for aquarium
  • Lighting devices for signalling other than those adapted to be mounted on a vehicle
  • Marker lights, e.g. navigation lights, airfield runway lights or beacon lights

Example: An airfield marker light (B64F 1/20)

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Example: Underground corridor lights for airport runways.

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Example: Lighting device for guiding a vessel or aircraft

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Example: Illuminated warning cone

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  • Traffic lights; Pillar shaped lights; Lights arranged on top of each other

Example: Signalling lights on top of each other

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  • Indicator lights, e.g. for mounting on control panels or dashboards

Example: Indicator

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Example: Mounting apparatus for indicator device

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  • Lamps on antennas or powerlines or aerial markers

Example: Wind-powered generator and blade therefor

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Example: Wind powered generator with aircraft warning lights

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Example: Radio tower lighting system

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Example: Dual beacon for marking obstructions

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Example: Intermediate voltage cable marker with enhanced conspicuity

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  • Lighting devices for illuminating an indoor working place
  • Lighting devices for dentistry

Example: Dental lamp

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  • Lighting devices for medicine or surgery, i.e. fixed installation lighting apparatus in surgery rooms to light the surgeon's working places

Example: Surgical lighting system

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  • Lighting devices for stage, circus, studio, theatre or indoor arena lighting

Example: Washlight stage lighting fixture

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Example: Moving head projector for use in exhibitions, theatres or shops

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  • Lighting devices for outdoor lighting, e.g. of tunnels, building, gardens, arenas, sport fields or gas stations

Example: Garden lighting device attachable to ground

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Example: Wall lighting device with motion detector

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Example: Sports lighting fixture

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  • Lighting devices for lighting roadways or streets not provided in F21S 8/06, F21S 8/08, i.e. lighting devices for which the supports of the lighting devices are not disclosed
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

  • When related to closely lighting a limited area:

Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia

G09F 13/04

  • When related to lighting devices for fountain lighting or lighting devices for swimming pool lighting:

Structural combinations of lighting devices with sanitary equipments, e.g. shower head, water tap

F21V 33/004

  • When related to lighting devices for signalling other than those adapted to be mounted on a vehicle

Arrangements or adaptations of optical signalling or lighting devices, the devices being mounted on a shaft and primarily intended to indicate the vehicle

B60Q 1/2657

Triangle warning arrangements

B60Q 7/00

Road hazard warning devices, e.g. for safety barrier systems

E01F 9/00

  • When related to lighting devices for stage, circus, studio, theatre or indoor arena lighting

Apparatus or arrangements for projecting photographs; Projectors or projection-type viewers

G03B 21/00

Details of colour television system; Projection devices for colour picture display

H04N 9/31

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Systems of lighting devices, e.g. of modular construction

F21S 2/00

Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources

F21S 4/00

Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply

F21S 9/00

Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect

F21S 10/00

Details of lighting devices

F21V

  • When related to closely lighting a limited area:

Lighting devices intended to be free standing, e.g. desk lamps

F21S 6/00

Structural combination of lighting devices with furniture

F21V 33/0012

  • When related to light inside a domestic oven:

Bakers'ovens; Means for illuminating ovens

A21B 3/10

Illumination for oven cavities

F24C 15/008

Aspects relating to lighting devices in the microwave cavity

H05B 6/6444

  • When related to lighting devices for decorative purposes

String of lamps connected with electric wires

F21S 4/10

Electric candle lights

F21S 6/001

Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect

F21S 10/00

Christmas tree decorations

A47G 33/08

Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects

B44F 1/00

  • When related to lighting devices for fountain lighting or lighting devices for swimming pool lighting:

Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect using liquids, e.g. water

F21S 10/002

Spaying apparatus

B05B

Water projection screens

G03B 21/30

  • When marker lights, e.g. navigation lights, airfield runway lights or beacon lights

Light signals for guiding railway

B61L 5/18

Arrangement of optical beacons for ground or aircraft-carrier-deck-installations

B64F 1/20

Illuminated marker posts or bollards

E01F 9/617

Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals three dimensional free-standing devices, e.g. traffic cones, foldable or inflatable devices

E01F 9/654

  • When traffic lights or pillar shaped lights or lights arranged on top of each other

Illuminated marker posts or bollards

E01F 9/617

Traffic light control systems for road vehicles

G08G 1/095

  • When indicator lights, e.g. for mounting on control panels or dashboards

Dashboards

B60K 37/00

  • When lamps on antennas or powerlines or aerial markers

Wind turbines

F03D 80/00

Means for the lighting or illuminating of aerials, e.g. for purpose of warning

H01Q 1/06

  • When lighting devices for dentistry

Instruments, implements or accessories for surgery or diagnosis; Devices for illuminating a surgical field

A61B 90/30

  • When lighting devices for medicine or surgery

Devices for illuminating a surgical field

A61B 90/30

  • When related to lighting devices for stage, circus, studio, theatre or indoor arena lighting

Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect

F21S 10/00

Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements

F21V 14/00

Adjustable mounting of a lighting device

F21V 21/14

Special rules of classification

In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing Codes of subclasses F21W 2131/00 and/or classification in F21V 33/00 when applicable,

  • When related to closely lighting a limited area like a working place: F21W 2131/402, lighting a painting: F21W 2131/304
  • When related to lighting devices for lighting inside a domestic oven it is desirable to add the Indexing Codes of F21W 2131/307 -This subject-matter should not to be classified in F21V 33/0044
  • When related to lighting devices for lighting the interior of a closed vessel, e.g. a pressure tank it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2131/411
  • When related to lighting devices for decorative purposes it is desirable to add the Indexing Codes of F21W 2121/00
  • When related to lighting devices for fountain lighting it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2121/02 - Documents classified here usually do not get classification in F21S 8/033 , F21S 8/02 or F21S 8/04
  • When related to lighting devices for swimming pool lighting it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2131/401 - Documents classified here usually do not get classification in F21S 8/033 , F21S 8/02 or F21S 8/04

When related to lighting devices for aquarium it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2131/308 - Documents classified here usually do not get classification in F21S 8/033 , F21S 8/02 or F21S 8/04

When related to lighting devices for signalling other than those adapted to be mounted on a vehicle it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2111/00

  • When marker lights, e.g. navigation lights, airfield runway lights or beacon lights

it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2111/06 or F21W 2111/02

  • When traffic lights or pillar shaped lights or Lights arranged on top of each other it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2111/02
  • When indicator lights, e.g. for mounting on control panels or dashboards it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2111/00
  • When lamps on antennas or powerlines or aerial markers it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2111/00 or F21W 2111/06
  • When lighting devices for illuminating an indoor working place it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2131/402
  • When lighting devices for dentistry it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2131/202
  • When lighting devices for medicine or surgery it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2131/205
  • When lighting devices for stage, circus, studio, theatre or indoor arena lighting it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2131/406 - When the device uses variable lighting effect a class should be given also in F21S 10/00

When lighting devices for outdoor lighting, e.g. of tunnels, building, gardens, arenas, sport fields or gas stations it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2131/10

When lighting devices for lighting roadways or streets not provided in F21S 8/06, F21S 8/08 it is desirable to add the Indexing Code F21W 2131/103

{Searchlights, i.e. outdoor lighting device producing powerful beam of parallel rays, e.g. for military or attraction purposes (searchlights mounted on a vehicle B60Q 1/245)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Projector or searchlight on land vehicles

B60P 3/18

Searchlight mounted on a vehicle

B60Q 1/245

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means; Specially adapted optical and illumination features

G01N 21/8806

{Solar simulators, e.g. for testing photovoltaic panels}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for photometry; standard sources, also using luminescent or radioactive material-

G01J 1/08

of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters (specially adapted for vehicle exteriors F21S 41/00-F21S 45/00)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Lighting devices intended for fixed installation specially adapted for vehicles

F21S 41/00 - F21S 45/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Ceilings with means for hanging lighting fixtures or other appliances to the framework of the ceiling

E04B 9/006

Recessed wall lighting device for swimming pools

F21W 2131/401

{the device consisting essentially only of a light source holder with an exposed light source, e.g. a fluorescent tube}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Elongated light source holding device for which the light source is mounted externally

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References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Fastening of light sources or lamp holders of straight tubular light sources, e.g. straight fluorescent tubes

F21V 19/008

Line connectors; current collectors

H01R

Special rules of classification

In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing Code s of F21Y 2103/00

{the surface being a floor or like ground surface, e.g. pavement}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Free standing lamps on a floor

F21S 6/00

Fixed lighting devices of recess mounted types in a floor

F21S 8/022

Illuminated carpets, stairs

F21V 33/006

{by means of plugging into a wall outlet, e.g. night light}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Lighting devices which are intended to be plugged into a power outlet

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Example: Night light

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References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatus for deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances using substances evaporated in the air by heating or combustion

A61L 9/03

Structural association of built-in electrical components with a built-in light source

H01R 13/717

Coupling devices in which a holder is adapted for supporting apparatus to which its counterpart is attached

H01R 33/00

Special rules of classification

These plugs in devices are generally not to be classified in F21V 21/002 nor F21V 21/08

{for mounting in a corner, i.e. between adjacent walls or wall and ceiling}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Corner lighting device

Example: Indirect wall mounted lighting apparatus

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intended only for mounting on a ceiling or the like overhead structures (F21S 8/02 takes precedence; {details of ceiling bases F21V 21/03})
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Lighting device essentially made of an elongated section for suspending at least one linear light source

F21S 8/033

by suspension
Definition statement

This place covers:

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Example: Hanging light fixture

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{multi-branched, e.g. a chandelier}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Example: Ceiling chandelier

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{from a stretched wire}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Example: A suspended cable lighting system

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Example: Catenary lighting apparatus

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References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of lighting devices suspended from a cable or suspension lines

F21V 21/008

with a standard {(F21S 6/00 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Free standing lighting devices with a lamp housing distant from the floor or the ground via a support, e.g. standing lamp for ambient light

F21S 6/005

Spring-loaded poles fixed at both ends

F21V 21/13

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Lighting device from a stretched wire

F21S 8/068

Special rules of classification

In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing Codes of F21W 2131/10 whenever applicable

Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

- Electric portable lighting devices with self-contained electric batteries or cells

F21L 4/00

the power supply being a battery or accumulator
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

- Alarm systems using visible light sources

G08B 5/36

Alarm systems using flashing light

G08B 5/38

Batteries forming a whole with or incorporated in or fixed to the electronic appliance

H01M 50/20

Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

H02J 7/00

rechargeable by exposure to light
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Lighting devices comprising solar cells and rechargeable batteries or capacitors
  • Lighting devices using solar cells to get electric power supply from an artificial light, i.e. not using solar energy
  • Lighting devices having nor power supply or accumulator but directly powered by the energy produced by solar cells, i.e. device not using electricity storing means
Relationships with other classification places
  • Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries are not covered by this group, they could be found in H02J 7/00
Special rules of classification
  • Contrary to the title, documents having no power supply nor accumulator but directly powered by the electric energy produced by solar cells, i.e. device not using electricity storing means, are classified in this group
Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • "solar cell", "photovoltaic cell" and "solar panel"
the power supply being a generator
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Lighting devices with power supply being a wind turbine
  • Lighting devices with power supply being manual actuators being an electric generator
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

- Dynamo-electric machine

H02K

Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Christmas tree decorations

A47G 33/08

Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects

B44F 1/00

Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of element

F21V 14/00

Decorative lighting devices

F21W 2121/00

{using liquids, e.g. water}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group:

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or

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Decorative lamp with a lighted water container/reservoir.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Lighting devices structurally combined with water taps or shower heads

F21V 33/004

Decorative lighting devices intended for fixed installation for fountain lighting; for swimming pool lighting

F21W 2121/02, F21W 2131/401

Special rules of classification
  • In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing symbol F21W 2121/00 as additional information when the varying lighting effect is decorative.
{using light guides (light guides specially adapted for lighting devices G02B 6/0001)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Light guides specially adapted for lighting devices

G02B 6/0001

changing colors {(F21S 10/002 - F21S 10/007, F21S 10/04 take precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect using liquids

F21S 10/002

Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect using rotating disks

F21S 10/007

Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect simulating flames

F21S 10/04

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Light filter for producing coloured light

F21V 9/08

simulating flames
Relationships with other classification places

F24C 7/004: Stoves or ranges heated by electrical energy (electric heating elements or arrangements H05B); Stoves (F24C 7/02 - F24C 7/10 take precedence) simulating flames

Auxiliaries for producing special effects on stages, or in circuses or arenas are classified in A63J 5/023, but illuminating arrangements therefor are classified in F21W 2131/406. A63J 5/02 further covers arrangements for making stage effects and auxiliary stage appliances for making fire and flame simulations.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

- Electric candle lamps

F21S 6/001

- Stoves simulating flames

F24C 7/004

Special rules of classification

In this group, it is desirable to add the Indexing Code of F21W 2121/00

flashing, e.g. with rotating reflector or light source {(signalling lighting devices mounted on vehicles B60Q 1/26)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Example: Rotating reflector flashlight

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Example: Apparatus for generating light patterns responsive to audio frequency input signals

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References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Changing the characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by movement of light sources

F21V 14/02

Changing the characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by movement of reflectors

F21V 14/04

Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight {(roofs with sky-light opening E04D 13/03; sun blinds for windows with means for redirecting light onto ceiling of a room E06B 9/00; hybrid lighting devices combining artificial and natural light F21S 19/00; solar heat collectors F24S; solar cells or solar cell modules H01L 31/00)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Example:Daylight deflecting device for use in double glass window for illuminating of building room

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Example: Daylight illumination system

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References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Building arrangements in general, building details

E04

Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-light

E04D 13/03

Windows or the like

E06B

Light guides specially adapted for lighting devices or systems

G02B 6/0001

Non-electric lighting devices or systems employing a point-like light source; Non-electric lighting devices or systems employing a light source of unspecified shape
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Candle per se

C11C 5/006, C11C 5/008

Candle holder

F21V 35/00

Lighting devices or systems employing combinations of electric and non-electric light sources; Replacing or exchanging electric light sources with non-electric light sources or vice versa
Definition statement

This place covers:

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