Loading Scheme...
CPC
COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION
F24S
SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS (for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G 6/00) [2018-05]
NOTE

  • In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:
    • "solar heat collector modules", often referred to simply as "modules", covers;
      • a. whole solar heat collectors
      • b. elements of solar heat collectors, e.g. reflectors, lenses or heat storage elements.
    • "absorbing elements" covers elements for absorbing solar-rays and converting it into heat.
    • "solar heat systems" covers systems having solar heat collectors as their components and using the collected heat
F24S 10/00
Solar heat collectors using working fluids [2018-05]
F24S 10/10
.
the working fluids forming pools or ponds [2018-05]
F24S 10/13
. .
Salt-gradient ponds [2018-05]
F24S 10/17
. .
using covers or floating solar absorbing elements [2018-05]
F24S 10/20
.
having circuits for two or more working fluids (with means for exchanging heat between two or more fluids F24S 10/30) [2018-05]
F24S 10/25
.
having two or more passages for the same working fluid layered in direction of solar-rays, e.g. having upper circulation channels connected with lower circulation channels [2018-05]
F24S 10/30
.
with means for exchanging heat between two or more working fluids [2018-05]
F24S 10/40
.
in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors [2018-05]
F24S 10/45
. .
{the enclosure being cylindrical} [2018-05]
F24S 10/50
.
the working fluids being conveyed between plates [2018-05]
F24S 10/501
. .
{having conduits of plastic material} [2018-05]
F24S 10/502
. .
{having conduits formed by paired plates and internal partition means} [2018-05]
F24S 10/503
. .
{having conduits formed by paired plates, only one of which is plane} [2018-05]
F24S 10/504
. .
{having conduits formed by paired non-plane plates} [2018-05]
F24S 10/505
. .
{having curved plate-like conduits, e.g. semi-spherical} [2018-05]
F24S 10/506
. .
{having conduits formed by inflation of portions of a pair of joined sheets} [2018-05]
F24S 10/55
. .
with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations (collectors comprising porous materials or permeable masses directly contacting the working fluids F24S 10/80) [2018-05]
F24S 10/60
.
the working fluids trickling freely over absorbing elements [2018-05]
F24S 10/70
.
the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits [2018-05]
F24S 2010/71
. .
{the conduits having a non-circular cross-section} [2018-05]
F24S 10/72
. .
{the tubular conduits being integrated in a block; the tubular conduits touching each other} [2018-05]
F24S 10/73
. .
{the tubular conduits being of plastic material} [2018-05]
F24S 10/74
. .
{the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other} [2018-05]
F24S 10/742
. . .
{the conduits being parallel to each other} [2018-05]
F24S 10/744
. . .
{the conduits being helically coiled} [2018-05]
F24S 10/746
. . .
{the conduits being spirally coiled} [2018-05]
F24S 10/748
. . .
{the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. zig-zag} [2018-05]
F24S 10/75
. .
with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations (collectors comprising porous material or permeable masses directly contacting the working fluids F24S 10/80) [2018-05]
F24S 2010/751
. . .
{Special fins} [2018-05]
F24S 2010/752
. . . .
{extending obliquely} [2018-05]
F24S 10/753
. . .
{the conduits being parallel to each other} [2018-05]
F24S 10/754
. . .
{the conduits being spirally coiled} [2018-05]
F24S 10/755
. . .
{the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. zig-zag} [2018-05]
F24S 10/80
.
comprising porous material or permeable masses directly contacting the working fluids (for conveying liquefied working fluid from evaporator sections to condenser sections with capillary force F24S 10/95) [2021-08]
F24S 10/90
.
using internal thermosiphonic circulation [2021-08]
F24S 10/95
. .
having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes [2021-08]
F24S 20/00
Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments [2021-08]
F24S 20/02
.
{for swimming pools} [2018-05]
F24S 20/04
.
{for showers} [2018-05]
F24S 2020/10
.
{Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements} [2018-05]
F24S 2020/11
. .
{in the form of multiple rows and multiple columns, all solar modules being coplanar} [2018-05]
F24S 2020/12
. .
{Coplanar arrangements with frame overlapping portions} [2018-05]
F24S 2020/13
. .
{Overlaying arrangements similar to roof tiles} [2018-05]
F24S 2020/14
. .
{Stepped arrangements, e.g. in parallel planes, without module overlapping} [2018-05]
F24S 2020/15
. .
{Non-parallel arrangements} [2018-05]
F24S 2020/16
. .
{Preventing shading effects} [2018-05]
F24S 2020/17
. .
{Arrangements of solar thermal modules combined with solar PV modules} [2018-05]
F24S 2020/18
. .
{having a particular shape, e.g. prismatic, pyramidal} [2018-05]
F24S 2020/183
. . .
{in the form of louvers} [2018-05]
F24S 2020/186
. . .
{allowing change of position for optimization of heat collection} [2018-05]
F24S 20/20
.
Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants [2018-05]
F24S 2020/23
. .
{movable or adjustable} [2018-05]
F24S 20/25
. .
using direct solar radiation in combination with concentrated radiation [2018-05]
F24S 20/30
.
Solar heat collectors for heating objects, e.g. solar cookers or solar furnaces [2021-08]
F24S 20/40
.
Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air [2018-05]
F24S 20/50
.
Rollable or foldable solar heat collector modules [2021-08]
F24S 20/55
. .
made of flexible materials [2021-08]
F24S 20/60
.
Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings [2018-05]
F24S 20/61
. .
Passive solar heat collectors, e.g. operated without external energy source [2018-05]
F24S 20/62
. .
in the form of fences, balustrades or handrails [2018-05]
F24S 20/63
. .
in the form of windows [2018-05]
F24S 20/64
. .
in the form of floor constructions, grounds or roads [2018-05]
F24S 20/66
. .
in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions (in the form of shingles or tiles F24S 20/69) [2021-08]
F24S 20/67
. .
in the form of roof constructions (in the form of shingles or tiles F24S 20/69) [2018-05]
F24S 20/69
. .
in the form of shingles or tiles [2021-08]
F24S 20/70
.
Waterborne solar heat collector modules (for working fluids forming pools or ponds F24S 10/10) [2021-08]
F24S 20/80
.
Airborne solar heat collector modules, e.g. inflatable structures [2018-05]
F24S 21/00
Solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S 10/00-F24S 20/00 [2021-08]
F24S 23/00
Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors [2021-08]
F24S 23/10
.
{Prisms} [2018-05]
F24S 23/11
.
{Fluorescent material} [2018-05]
F24S 23/12
.
{Light guides} [2018-05]
F24S 23/30
.
with lenses [2018-05]
F24S 23/31
. .
{having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses} [2018-05]
F24S 23/70
.
with reflectors [2018-05]
F24S 23/71
. .
with parabolic reflective surfaces (with cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces F24S 23/74) [2021-08]
F24S 23/715
. . .
{flexible} [2018-05]
F24S 23/72
. .
with hemispherical reflective surfaces [2018-05]
F24S 23/74
. .
with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces [2021-08]
F24S 23/745
. . .
{flexible} [2018-05]
F24S 23/75
. .
with conical reflective surfaces [2018-05]
F24S 23/77
. .
with flat reflective plates [2018-05]
F24S 23/79
. .
with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces [2018-05]
F24S 23/80
. .
{having discontinuous faces} [2018-05]
F24S 23/81
. .
{flexible (F24S 23/715, F24S 23/745 take precedence)} [2018-05]
F24S 23/82
. .
{characterised by the material or the construction of the reflector} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/83
. .
{Other shapes} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/831
. . .
{corrugated} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/832
. . .
{curved} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/833
. . .
{dish-shaped} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/834
. . .
{trough-shaped} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/835
. . . .
{asymmetric} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/836
. . .
{spiral} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/837
. . .
{hyperbolic} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/838
. . .
{involutes} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/84
. .
{Reflective elements inside solar collector casings} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/85
. .
{Micro-reflectors} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/86
. .
{in the form of reflective coatings} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/87
. .
{Reflectors layout} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/872
. . .
{Assemblies of spaced reflective elements on common support, e.g. Fresnel reflectors} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/874
. . .
{Reflectors formed by assemblies of adjacent similar reflective facets} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/876
. . .
{Reflectors formed by assemblies of adjacent reflective elements having different orientation or different features} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/878
. . .
{Assemblies of spaced reflective elements in the form of grids, e.g. vertical or inclined reflective elements extending over heat absorbing elements} [2018-05]
F24S 2023/88
. .
{Multi reflective traps} [2021-08]
F24S 25/00
Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules [2018-05]
NOTE

  • Arrangements also intended for use with photovoltaic modules should further be classified in the relevant groups of subclass H02S.
F24S 2025/01
.
{Special support components; Methods of use} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/011
. .
{Arrangements for mounting elements inside solar collectors; Spacers inside solar collectors} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/012
. .
{Foldable support elements} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/013
. .
{Stackable support elements} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/014
. .
{Methods for installing support elements} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/015
. .
{Supports with play between elements} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/016
. .
{Filling or spacing means; Elastic means} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/017
. .
{Tensioning means} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/018
. .
{Means for preventing movements, e.g. stops} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/019
. .
{Means for accommodating irregularities on mounting surface; Tolerance compensation means} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/02
. .
{Ballasting means} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/021
. .
{Sealing means between support elements and mounting surface} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/022
. .
{Sealing means between support elements, e.g. overlapping arrangements; Gap closing arrangements} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/023
. .
{Means for preventing theft; Locking means} [2018-05]
F24S 25/10
.
extending in directions away from a supporting surface [2018-05]
F24S 25/11
. .
using shaped bodies, e.g. concrete elements, foamed elements or moulded box-like elements [2018-05]
F24S 25/12
. .
using posts in combination with upper profiles [2018-05]
F24S 25/13
. .
Profile arrangements, e.g. trusses (F24S 25/12 takes precedence) [2018-05]
F24S 25/15
. .
using bent plates; using assemblies of plates [2018-05]
F24S 25/16
. .
Arrangement of interconnected standing structures; Standing structures having separate supporting portions for adjacent modules [2018-05]
F24S 25/20
.
Peripheral frames for modules [2018-05]
F24S 25/30
.
using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors (extending in directions away from the supporting surface F24S 25/10; peripheral frames for modules F24S 25/20) [2018-05]
F24S 25/33
. .
forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles [2018-05]
F24S 25/35
. . .
by means of profiles with a cross-section defining separate supporting portions for adjacent modules [2018-05]
F24S 25/37
. . .
forming coplanar grids comprising longitudinal and transversal profiles [2018-05]
F24S 25/40
.
using plate-like mounting elements, e.g. profiled or corrugated plates; Plate-like module frames  (extending in directions away from a supporting surface F24S 25/10) [2018-05]
F24S 25/50
.
comprising elongate non-rigid elements, e.g. straps, wires or ropes [2018-05]
F24S 25/60
.
Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules [2018-05]
F24S 2025/6001
. .
{by using hook and loop-type fasteners} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/6002
. .
{by using hooks} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/6003
. .
{by clamping} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/6004
. .
{by clipping, e.g. by using snap connectors} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/6005
. .
{by screwed connection} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/6006
. .
{by using threaded elements, e.g. stud bolts} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/6007
. .
{by using form-fitting connection means, e.g. tongue and groove} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/6008
. .
{by using toothed elements} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/6009
. .
{by deforming the material, e.g. by crimping or clinching} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/601
. .
{by bonding, e.g. by using adhesives} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/6011
. .
{by welding or brazing} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/6012
. .
{Joining different materials} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/6013
. . .
{Joining glass with non-glass elements} [2018-05]
F24S 25/61
. .
for fixing to the ground or to building structures [2018-05]
F24S 25/613
. . .
in the form of bent strips or assemblies of strips; Hook-like connectors; Connectors to be mounted between building-covering elements [2018-05]
F24S 25/615
. . .
for fixing to protruding parts of buildings, e.g. to corrugations or to standing seams [2018-05]
F24S 25/617
. . .
Elements driven into the ground, e.g. anchor-piles; Foundations for supporting elements; Connectors for connecting supporting structures to the ground or to flat horizontal surfaces [2018-05]
F24S 25/63
. .
for fixing modules or their peripheral frames to supporting elements [2018-05]
F24S 25/632
. . .
Side connectors; Base connectors [2018-05]
F24S 25/634
. . .
Clamps; Clips [2018-05]
F24S 25/636
. . . .
clamping by screw-threaded elements [2018-05]
F24S 25/65
. .
for coupling adjacent supporting elements, e.g. for connecting profiles together [2018-05]
F24S 25/67
. .
for coupling adjacent modules or their peripheral frames (for fixing modules or their peripheral frames to supporting elements F24S 25/63) [2018-05]
F24S 25/70
.
with means for adjusting the final position or orientation of supporting elements in relation to each other or to a mounting surface; with means for compensating mounting tolerances [2018-05]
F24S 2025/80
.
{Special profiles} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/801
. .
{having hollow parts with closed cross-section} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/802
. .
{having circular or oval cross-section} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/803
. .
{having a central web, e.g. I-shaped, inverted T- shaped} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/804
. .
{U-, C- or O-shaped; Hat profiles} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/805
. .
{in the form of corrugated profiles} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/806
. .
{having curved portions} [2018-05]
F24S 2025/807
. .
{having undercut grooves} [2018-05]
F24S 30/00
Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules [2021-08]
NOTE

  • Arrangements also intended for use with photovoltaic modules should further be classified in the relevant groups of subclass H02S.
F24S 2030/10
.
{Special components} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/11
. .
{Driving means} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/115
. . .
{Linear actuators, e.g. pneumatic cylinders} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/12
. .
{Coupling means} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/13
. .
{Transmissions} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/131
. . .
{in the form of articulated bars} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/132
. . . .
{in the form of compasses, scissors or parallelograms} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/133
. . .
{in the form of flexible elements, e.g. belts, chains, ropes} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/134
. . .
{in the form of gearings or rack-and-pinion transmissions} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/135
. . .
{in the form of threaded elements} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/136
. . .
{for moving several solar collectors by common transmission elements} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/137
. . .
{for deriving one movement from another one, e.g. for deriving elevation movement from azimuth movement} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/14
. .
{Movement guiding means} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/145
. . .
{Tracks} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/15
. .
{Bearings} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/16
. .
{Hinged elements; Pin connections} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/17
. .
{Spherical joints} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/18
. .
{Load balancing means, e.g. use of counter-weights} [2018-05]
F24S 2030/19
. .
{Movement dampening means; Braking means} [2018-05]
F24S 30/20
.
for linear movement [2021-08]
F24S 30/40
.
for rotary movement [2021-08]
F24S 30/42
. .
with only one rotation axis [2021-08]
F24S 30/422
. . .
Vertical axis [2021-08]
F24S 30/425
. . .
Horizontal axis [2021-08]
F24S 30/428
. . .
with inclined axis [2021-08]
F24S 30/45
. .
with two rotation axes [2021-08]
F24S 30/452
. . .
Vertical primary axis [2021-08]
F24S 30/455
. . .
Horizontal primary axis [2021-08]
F24S 30/458
. . .
with inclined primary axis [2021-08]
F24S 30/48
. .
with three or more rotation axes or with multiple degrees of freedom [2021-08]
F24S 40/00
Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors (control arrangements F24S 50/00) [2021-08]
F24S 40/10
.
Protective covers or shrouds; Closure members, e.g. lids (transparent coverings F24S 80/50) [2018-05]
F24S 40/20
.
Cleaning; Removing snow [2018-05]
F24S 40/40
.
Preventing corrosion; Protecting against dirt or contamination [2018-05]
F24S 40/42
. .
Preventing condensation inside solar modules (by venting F24S 40/53) [2021-08]
F24S 40/44
. .
Draining rainwater or condensation [2018-05]
F24S 40/46
. .
Maintaining vacuum, e.g. by using getters [2018-05]
F24S 40/48
. .
Deaerating or degassing the working fluid [2018-05]
F24S 40/50
.
Preventing overheating or overpressure (by draining the working fluid F24S 40/60) [2018-05]
F24S 40/52
. .
by modifying the heat collection, e.g. by defocusing or by changing the position of heat-receiving elements [2018-05]
F24S 40/53
. .
by venting solar heat collector enclosures [2021-08]
F24S 40/55
. .
Arrangements for cooling, e.g. by using external heat dissipating means or internal cooling circuits (by venting F24S 40/53) [2018-05]
F24S 40/57
. .
Preventing overpressure in solar collector enclosures (by venting F24S 40/53) [2018-05]
F24S 40/58
. .
Preventing overpressure in working fluid circuits [2018-05]
F24S 40/60
.
Arrangements for draining the working fluid [2018-05]
F24S 40/70
.
Preventing freezing (arrangements for draining the working fluid F24S 40/60) [2018-05]
F24S 40/80
.
Accommodating differential expansion of solar collector elements [2018-05]
F24S 40/85
. .
{Arrangements for protecting solar collectors against adverse weather conditions (F24S 40/10 takes precedence)} [2018-05]
F24S 40/90
.
Arrangements for testing solar heat collectors [2021-08]
F24S 50/00
Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors [2018-05]
F24S 50/20
.
for tracking [2021-08]
F24S 2050/25
. .
{Calibration means; Methods for initial positioning of solar concentrators or solar receivers} [2018-05]
F24S 50/40
.
responsive to temperature [2018-05]
F24S 50/60
.
responsive to wind [2018-05]
F24S 50/80
.
for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation [2018-05]
F24S 60/00
Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors (working fluids forming pools or ponds F24S 10/10) [2021-08]
F24S 60/10
.
using latent heat [2021-08]
F24S 60/20
.
using chemical reactions, e.g. thermochemical reactions or isomerisation reactions [2021-08]
F24S 60/30
.
storing heat in liquids [2021-08]
F24S 70/00
Details of absorbing elements [2021-08]
F24S 70/10
.
characterised by the absorbing material (absorbing coatings or surface treatment for increasing absorption F24S 70/20) [2018-05]
F24S 70/12
. .
made of metallic material [2018-05]
F24S 70/14
. .
made of plastics [2018-05]
F24S 70/16
. .
made of ceramic; made of concrete; made of natural stone [2018-05]
F24S 70/20
.
characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption [2021-08]
F24S 70/225
. .
for spectrally selective absorption [2021-08]
F24S 70/25
. .
Coatings made of metallic material [2021-08]
F24S 70/275
. .
Coatings made of plastics [2021-08]
F24S 70/30
.
Auxiliary coatings, e.g. anti-reflective coatings [2018-05]
F24S 70/60
.
characterised by the structure or construction (absorbing coatings or surface treatment for increasing absorption F24S 70/20; auxiliary coatings F24S 70/30) [2018-05]
F24S 2070/62
. .
{Heat traps} [2021-08]
F24S 70/65
. .
Combinations of two or more absorbing elements [2018-05]
F24S 80/00
Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S 10/00-F24S 70/00 [2021-08]
F24S 2080/01
.
{Selection of particular materials} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/011
. .
{Ceramics} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/012
. .
{Concrete} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/013
. .
{Foams} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/014
. .
{Carbone, e.g. graphite} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/015
. .
{Plastics} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/016
. .
{Textiles; Fabrics} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/017
. .
{Natural materials, e.g. wood} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/018
. .
{Recycled materials} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/03
.
{Arrangements for heat transfer optimization} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/05
. .
{Flow guiding means; Inserts inside conduits} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/07
. .
{Arrangements for one-way heat transfer, e.g. thermal diodes} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/09
.
{Arrangements for reinforcement of solar collector elements} [2018-05]
F24S 80/10
.
Materials for heat-exchange conduits [2018-05]
F24S 80/20
.
Working fluids specially adapted for solar heat collectors [2018-05]
F24S 80/30
.
Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers [2018-05]
F24S 80/40
.
Casings [2018-05]
F24S 80/45
. .
characterised by the material [2018-05]
F24S 80/453
. . .
made of metallic material [2018-05]
F24S 80/457
. . .
made of plastics [2018-05]
F24S 80/50
.
Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings [2021-08]
F24S 2080/501
. .
{Special shape} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/502
. . .
{in the form of multiple covering elements} [2018-05]
F24S 2080/503
. . .
{in the form of curved covering elements} [2018-05]
F24S 80/52
. .
characterised by the material (for preventing heat loss F24S 80/56) [2021-08]
F24S 80/525
. . .
made of plastics [2021-08]
F24S 80/54
. .
using evacuated elements [2021-08]
F24S 80/56
. .
characterised by means for preventing heat loss [2021-08]
F24S 80/58
. .
characterised by their mountings or fixing means [2021-08]
F24S 80/60
.
Thermal insulation (transparent coverings F24S 80/50) [2018-05]
F24S 80/65
. .
characterised by the material [2018-05]
F24S 80/70
.
Sealing means [2018-05]
F24S 90/00
Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for [2018-05]
F24S 90/10
.
using thermosiphonic circulation [2021-08]
F24S 2201/00
Prediction; Simulation [2018-05]