The use of materials for applications not provided for elsewhere, e.g. sealing materials, drilling fluids.

The use of materials in general having specific properties, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. anti-static properties, anti-oxidation properties.

Materials selected for uses or applications not provided for elsewhere.

All entries in this subclass relate to specific properties (e.g. C09K 3/16 relates to materials with anti-static properties) or specific applications of materials (e.g. C09K 17/00 relates to soil-conditioning or soil-stabilizing materials), except for main group C09K 3/00 itself, which is the residual place for classifying materials with properties or applications for which no entries exist in C09K itself nor elsewhere in IPC.

Only materials for which no specific application is mentioned, for example thickeners that can be used for any composition are classified in this class .

Compositions for which an application is mentioned i.e. an application class is available , the documents are classified in the relevant application class only , for example: thickener for food A23, for cosmetics A61, for paints C09D.

Material in extrudable or mouldable form used for sealing or packing joints or covers

C09K relates to materials not provided elsewhere,

therefore

If the sealant is only claimed with regard to a specific application and if in said specific application field a class related to the chemical nature of the sealant exists the document should only be classified in the application field

e.g.:

B29C 73/16 (tyre puncture sealing)

B60R 13/06 (sealing strips)

C09K 8/50-C09K 8/518 (sealing or packing boreholes or wells)

If no specific application of the sealant is cited, the document should only be classified in the appropriate C09K 3/10 class.

If the sealant is claimed without specific uses the document should be classified in the appropriate C09K 3/10 class,

however

If specific applications are cited (e.g. in the description) the document should additionally be classified in the relevant application fields

and

if many different applications are cited the document should only be classified in the appropriate C09K 3/10 class.

C09K 3/1006 is not used for classification.

All documents not falling under the definition of C09K 3/1003 or in the range C09K 3/1009 - C09K 3/1021 should be classified in C09K 3/10

Classification of additional information is done by using Indexing Codes:

for indexing the properties and uses of the material : C09K 3/10 - C09K 2003/1096

for indexing the chemical nature of the material: C09K 2200/00 - C09K 2200/0697

In this class boron and silicon are considered as metals , as well as association of carbon with metals e.g. carbides . Particles coated with boron , silicon or carbides : C09K 3/1445

Compositions for non permanent treatment, with no formation of a permanent coating in order to reduce attachment of ice, mist or water to surfaces

A permanent coating, film on a surface is classified in C09D, e.g. water based barrier cohesive film

Compositions for non-permanent treatment in order to have dust-laying or dust absorbing

Chemical compounds and mixtures of chemical compounds for aerosols, e.g. propellants

Materials undergoing a change of physical change when used

Materials not undergoing a change of physical change when used

Materials undergoing chemical reactions when used

Antifreeze additives

Last place rule applies

When classifying in C09K 5/042, C09K 5/044 and C09K 5/045 classification of additional information is done by using Indexing Codes:

for indexing the chemical nature of the material: C09K 2205/00 - C09K 2205/48

C09K 8/02 - C09K 8/38 : Last Place Rule

Drilling fluids with fluid loss additives : C09K 8/02-C09K 8/38 and C09K 8/50-C09K 8/536

when appropriate use Indexing Code for "spotting" and E21B 31/03

Only when the additive as such is disclosed without specification of the drilling fluid OR if it is for any kind of drilling fluid : C09K 8/03-C09K 8/035

mixtures of inorganic and organic additives : C09K 8/03 only

Aqueous well-drilling compositions characterised by well defined clay composition

Organoclays per se are classified in C01B 33/44

Drilling fluids comprising organoclays will be classified in C09K 8/145 and C01B 33/44

Monomers

Specific non- oil components , e.g. olefins ,paraffins , special environmently friendly components

Documents classified in C09K 8/42 and subgroups receive also a class and CIS codes in C04B in order to define the cementitious composition in more detail.

Multiple classes can be used where appropriate.

Temporary seal , sealing for control of water flow in or out the formation, fluid loss control, profile modification

- No last place rule in C09K 8/50 - C09K 8/94,multiple classification when appropriate

- When appropriate : use Indexing Code for fibers

For fibers : use Indexing Code

Compositions for use in the well also for removing drilling residues

Cleaning is also called remediation

Compositions for use in the pipes F17D

- No last place rule in C09K 8/52 - C09K 8/536 , multiple classification needed if material incorporated in characteristic form.

- Compositions for removing drilling residues : C09K 8/52

- For preventing formation of hydrates formation C09K 8/52 and Indexing Code for "hydrates inhibition"

-Compositions for removing /preventing specific depositions C09K 8/524-C09K 8/532

Also sulfides

For H2S use corresponding Indexing Code

secondary and tertiary recovery

- No last place rule in C09K 8/58-C09K 8/594, multiple classification might be needed

- Viscolelastic surfactants : Indexing Code for VES

also enzymes

Bacteria as such : C12P, C12R

also polymeric surfactants

Indexing Code for VES (viscoelastic surfactants )

Details of composition: C09K 8/84 - C09K 8/88

also demulsifiers surfactants

capillary imbibition

C09K 8/62 should be used in combination with the classes for specific components

gel breakers

monomers and polymers

- defined polymers C09K 8/68 and classes C09K 8/88-C09K 8/905

- defined surfactants ,C09K 8/68 and class C09K 8/602 and Indexing Code for viscoelastic surfactants (VES) when appropriate.

-organic gel breakers : C09K 8/68 and Indexing Code for " gel breaker" or "bacteria or enzyme breaker"

also gas

also breakers with any coating which delays the action of the breaker (i.e. also surfactant around the particles)

acid fracturing - acidizing, - fracture acidizing- matrix acidizing

Acidizing in combination with drilling , C09K 8/72 and C09K 8/02

- corrosion inhibitors

- surfactants

- breakers

when appropriate, use Indexing Codes for :

- anticorrosion

- Viscoelastic surfactant (VES)

- "gel breaker" or "bacteria or enzyme breaker"

Anti-sludge additives

Compositions for consolidating fractures and compositions of proppants

also gas

Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelength for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy

Markush formulae or generic formulae are not classified, only concrete embodiments or examples are classified. Simple lists of known compounds (without application in an example or embodiment) are not classified.

C09K 9/02 covers organic tenebrescent materials, C09K 11/06 covers organic photoluminescent materials, e.g. phosphors.

The use of Indexing Codes of C09K 2211/00 for specific organic compounds is compulsory.

Further classification has to be made in other places of section C, e.g. C07 or C08, whenever appropriate.

If an application of tenebrescent materials is described, e.g. semiconductor devices or markers in biotechnology, then classification has also to be allocated in the relevant application place.

Luminescent materials, i.e. materials emitting light after excitation by some form of energy in the form of e.g. electrical energy, chemical energy, radiation in the visible, ultraviolet, X-ray or gamma-ray range

Markush formulae or generic formulae are not classified, only concrete embodiments or examples are classified. Simple lists of known compounds (without application in an example or embodiment) are not classified.

C09K 11/06 (organic phosphors)

The respective Indexing Code (range C09K 2211/00) for specific organic compounds have to be applied for all newly classified documents.

The documents have to be circulated to the corresponding classifiers in organic chemistry or polymers.

Other neighbouring fields should receive the document if an application in the respective field is mentioned (e.g. semiconductors, markers in biotechnology).

C09K 11/08 and subgroups (inorganic phosphors):

all elements in the inorganic compounds are used to determine the position in the scheme including the doping materials (Si,Al)(O,N) SiAlON, SiN, AlN phosphors are classified under the respective subclasses dealing with silicates/aluminates (e.g.C09K 11/7721, C09K 11/7734 etc.) and additionally under C09K 11/0883, in order to classify the nitride. A silicate and aluminate is a compound containing a silicion and/or aluminium atom and an anion. Under this definition nitrides ((Si,Al)(O,N)), fluorides (e.g.K2SiF6), sulfides (e.g. BaAl2S4) are considered as silicates/aluminates.

In all other cases the last-place rule is strictly applied (no double classification in the main group and the respective sub-groups).

Markush formulae or general formulae are not classified, only concrete embodiments or examples.

Magnesium is considered as an earth alkali metal for the purpose of this classification scheme.

Also covers etching of silicon and germanium

Last place rule is to be applied

also UV absorbers

- anti-oxidised compositions : classified according to the composition itself

- inhibited compositions

In C09K 15/00 - C09K 15/34 : Last Place Rule

Deviation from IPC definition : In present class a metallic salt or complex is classified in C09K 15/32 or C09K 15/326

Also covers mixtures of soil conditioning materials with fertilisers if the material is characterised by the soil conditioning or soil-stabilising activity

In C09K 17/02 - C09K 17/52 : Last Place Rule

Also aluminates, zeolites, pozzolanic materials

Also foams

Also polyacrylamides

Also starch derivatives, sugars, proteins, biopolymers

Also microorganisms as organic active ingredient

also

- film-forming compositions

- cover layers , geotextile

Liquid crystal (LC) compounds (non-polymeric, as well as polymeric),

mixtures of liquid crystal compounds, and mixtures of liquid crystal compounds with additives that are NOT liquid crystal compounds (solvents, solid particles, macromolecular compounds, aligning agents, dopants, charge transfer agents, surfactants, pleochroic dyes).

Organic compounds C07

Organic macromolecular compounds C08

Optical elements, systems, or apparatus G02B

Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating, or modulating; Non-linear optics G02F 1/00

In the subgroups C09K 19/02 - C09K 19/603, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, materials are classified in the last appropriate place. In the case of Markush formulae, the inventive idea is classified. Further, an attempt is made to classify each exemplified embodiment.

The general philosophy could be summarized as follows:

C09K 19/02 - C09K 19/0283

LC compounds or the LC mixtures characterised in general by the optical, electrical or physical properties of the components are classified in the subgroups C09K 19/02 - C09K 19/0283. The two-dot subgroups C09K 19/0208 - C09K 19/0283 are non-hierarchical and each embodiment or example of a LC compound or mixture should be classified and may be placed in a different subgroup.

C09K 19/04 - C09K 19/50

These subgroups cover LC compounds or the LC mixtures characterised in general by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal component, mainly the specific ring or rings or ring system(s) used, as well as the linking groups between the rings.

C09K 19/52 - C09K 19/603 These subgroups cover LC mixtures characterised in general by the chemical structure of the components, which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives.

In short every document may classified

in one or more subgroups from C09K 19/02 - C09K 19/0283 and/or

in one or more subgroups from C09K 19/04 - C09K 19/50 and/or

in one or more subgroups from C09K 19/52 - C09K 19/603.

We place the LC embodiments in groups, where we expect to retrieve them accurately and efficiently during search. When in doubt, classify! What goes under a specific group is straightforward, since the title of the group is comprehensive.

Next to the ECLA Scheme (based on the ring(s) of the LC molecules), a non-hierarchical Indexing Code has been developed to cater for cases, where a specific unit, a linking group, an end group, the positioning of a substituent, or a special bonding is the characterising part of the chemical structure of the liquid crystal component, instead of the ring or rings that constitute the LC molecule.

That means that documents in various groups may get the same Indexing Code.

Figuratively speaking, the Indexing Code (C09K 19/04 - C09K 2019/0496 ) cuts vertically the EC-Scheme.

In other cases (C09K 19/06 to end) the Indexing Code gives

a more detailed view of the sequence of rings and linkers in a LC molecule or

a more detailed list of the compounding ingredients.

LC compounds or the LC mixtures characterised in general by the optical, electrical or physical properties of the components are classified in the subgroups C09K 19/02 - C09K 19/0283. The two-dot subgroups C09K 19/0208 - C09K 19/0283 are non-hierarchical and each embodiment or example of a LC compound or mixture should be classified and may be placed in a different subgroup.

LC compounds or the LC mixtures characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, that is by a specific unit - see the Indexing Code.

LC compounds or the LC mixtures characterised in that the structure contains one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems - see the Indexing Code.

Sugars.

Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds; e.g. linear compounds without any rings, as well as mainly containing ONE non-condensed ring.

Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds; e.g. linear compounds like R1-COO-R2, R-O-CH=CH2, or R-COOH, as well as mainly containing ONE non-condensed ring like R-Cy-COOH, or R-(A-Z1)n-Cy-R2 with n=0-3.

Liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings,

e.g. not naphthyl, fluorene and the like

If the rings are clearly defined,they are classified in lower subgroups C09K 19/10 - C09K 19/3098

Liquid crystal compounds containing at least two benzene rings - see the Indexing Code.

A mixture of C09K 19/12 and/or C09K 19/126 and/or C09K 19/14 and/or C09K 19/16 and/or C09K 19/18 is classified in C09K 19/10. Here we stay in the common nod of the hierarchical tree, from which the five nods depend.

In C09K 19/12 for example not only compounds such as Ph-Ph, Ph-Ph-Ph, Ph-Ph-Ph-Ph etc. are classified, but also mixtures of such compounds.

A mixture of Ph-O-C2H4-Ph (C09K 19/20) and Ph-COO-Ph (C09K 19/2007) is classified in C09K 19/20. Here the common nod of the hierarchical tree, from which the two nods depend, is the first nod.

Liquid crystal compounds containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cyclobutane rings - see the Indexing Code

A mixture of Cy-C2H4-Cy (C09K 19/3028) (II) and Cy-Ph-Ph (C09K 19/3003) (III) is classified in C09K 19/3001 (I). Here we stay in the common nod (I) of the hierarchical tree, from which the two nods (II) and (III) depend.

A mixture of C09K 19/3001 and/or C09K 19/3003 and/or C09K 19/3028 and/or C09K 19/3048 and/or C09K 19/3059 is classified in C09K 19/3001. Here we stay in the common nod of the hierarchical tree, from which the five nods depend.

A mixture of Cy-Ph-Cy (C09K 19/3003) and Cy-Ph-Ph (C09K 19/3003) is classified in C09K 19/3003. Here we stay in the same nod of the hierarchical tree.

Liquid crystal compounds containing condensed ring systems, i.e. fused, bridged or spiro ring systems.

Here is a non limited list of fused, bridged or spiro ring systems classified under this group: anthracene, phenanthrene, fluorene, triphenylene, azulene, perylene, dibenzopyrene, twistane, bicyclopentane, hexabenzocoronene, resorcinarenes, propellane, truxene, carboranes, cubane,chrysene, decacyclene, calixarenes, triptycene, metacyclophanes, cyclotriveratrylene, cyclotetraveratrylene, trisbenzocyclononene, tetrabenzocyclododecatatraene, hexahelicene, octahelicene, fullerene.

Liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring.

Liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring, where the ring comprises oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur or any combination of these three elements.

Steroidal liquid crystal compounds.

Liquid crystal cholesterol derivatives.

Polymeric compounds with liquid crystalline properties.

Here we classify polyesters and polyester derivatives such as polyamides, with mesogenic groups in the main chain.

Liquid crystal compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. silicon, boron, phosphorus, metals.

Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds.

Mixtures containing two or more liquid crystal compounds covered individually by the same group C09K 19/04 - C09K 19/408 are classified only in that group. In other words, in C09K 19/12 for example not only compounds such as Ph-Ph, Ph-Ph-Ph, Ph-Ph-Ph-Ph etc. are classified, but also mixtures of such compounds.

Different embodiments for LC mixtures may be classified in a different group. If liquid crystal components of the mixtures classified in groups from C09K 19/42 - C09K 19/50 are of importance as such, they should also be classified according to the compounds in groups from C09K 19/04 - C09K 19/408.

Here we classify mixtures of liquid crystal compounds containing compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K 19/06 through C09K 19/408 - compare the numbered sets 4 to 12 of the main subgroups. However, if all compounds of the mixture fall under the same head subgroup, the mixture is classified in that head subgroup. Some examples might clarify this:

• A mixture of Cy-Ph-Cy (C09K19/39A1) and Cy-Ph-Ph (C09K19/39A1) is classified in C09K19/39A1. Here we stay in the same nod of the hierarchical tree.

• A mixture of Cy-C2H4-Cy (C09K19/39A2) (II) and Cy-Ph-Ph (C09K19/39A1) (III) is classified in C09K19/39A (I). Here we stay in the common nod (I) of the hierarchical tree, from which the two nods (II) and (III) depend.

• A mixture of Ph-O-C2H4-Ph (C09K 19/20) and Ph-COO-Ph (C09K 19/2007) is classified in C09K 19/20. Here the common nod of the hierarchical tree, from which the two nods depend, is the first nod.

• A mixture of C09K 19/12 and/or C09K 19/126 and/or C09K 19/14 and/or C09K 19/16 and/or C09K 19/18 is classified in C09K 19/10. Here we stay in the common nod of the hierarchical tree, from which the five nods depend.

• A mixture of C09K 19/3001 and/or C09K 19/3003 and/or C09K 19/3028 and/or C09K 19/3048 and/or C09K 19/3059 is classified in C09K 19/3001. Here we stay in the common nod of the hierarchical tree, from which the five nods depend.

Here we classify mixtures of liquid crystal compounds containing compounds with benzene rings directly linked falling under C09K 19/12. Example Cy-C2H4-Cy and Ph-Ph.

Here we classify mixtures of liquid crystal compounds containing ester compounds falling under C09K 19/2007 through C09K 19/2028, or under C09K 19/3068. Example Cy-OCF2-Cy and Ph-COO-Ph.

Here we classify mixtures of liquid crystal compounds containing Schiff base compounds falling under C09K 19/22. Example Cy-OCH 2-Cy and Ph -CH=N-Ph.

Here we classify mixtures of liquid crystal compounds containing steroidal liquid crystal compounds falling under C09K 19/36.

These subgroups cover LC mixtures characterised in general by the chemical structure of the components, which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives, solvents, organic or inorganic solid particles, macromolecular compounds, dopants.

Here we classify Aligning Agents used in admixture with LC materials to improve the aligning properties of the LC materials.

Inorganic materials

Organic materials

Macromolecular materials

C09K relates to materials not provided elsewhere,

therefore

If the fire-proofing material is only claimed with regard to a particular application and if in said particular application field a class related to the chemical nature of the fireproofing material exists the document should only be classified in the application field

If no particular application of the fireproofing material is cited the document should only be classified in the appropriate C09K 21/00 group.

If the fireproofing material is claimed without particular uses the document should be classified in the appropriate C09K 21/00 group,

however

If particular applications are cited (e.g. in the description) the document should additionally be classified in the relevant application fields

and

if many different applications are cited the document should only be classified in the appropriate C09K 21/00 group.