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CPC
COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION
C12P
FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE {(brewing of beer C12C; producing vinegar C12J; producing specific peptides or proteins C07K; producing enzymes C12N 9/00; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification C12N 15/00; measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or microorganisms C12Q; measuring or testing processes involving nucleic acid amplification reactions C12Q 1/6844; fermentation processes to form a food composition, A21 or A23; compounds in general, see the relevant compound class, e.g. C01, C07)} [2018-08]
NOTES

  • This subclass covers the production of compounds or compositions by biochemical transformation of matter performed by using enzymes or microorganisms, wherein microorganisms are defined as any single-celled organisms, including bacteria, fungi, yeast or microalgae, or plant or mammalian cells in the form of cell cultures.
  • In this subclass, documents are primarily classified according to the compounds produced. In addition, if appropriate, classification according to the method or biocatalyst used to produce the compound is made.
  • Classification in groups C12P 19/14 - C12P 19/24, C12P 39/00, C12P 41/00 - C12P 41/009 should only be made together with the corresponding product groups
WARNINGS

  • The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:
     - C12P21/04 covered by C07K 7/50
     - C12P21/08 covered by C07K 16/00
  • In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.
C12P 1/00
Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P 3/00 - C12P 39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes [2017-08]
NOTES

  • This group is used for the classification of documents relating to the production of compounds of unknown structure
  • When classifying in this group, classification should be made also in C12R
C12P 1/02
.
by using fungi [2013-01]
C12P 1/04
.
by using bacteria [2013-01]
C12P 1/06
.
by using actinomycetales [2013-01]
C12P 3/00
Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide {(recovery of carbon dioxides as by-products C12F 3/02)} [2017-08]
C12P 5/00
Preparation of hydrocarbons {or halogenated hydrocarbons} [2013-01]
C12P 5/002
.
{cyclic (compounds containing at least three condensed carbocyclic rings C12P 15/00)} [2013-01]
C12P 5/005
. .
{aromatic (naphthacene C12P 29/00)} [2013-01]
C12P 5/007
.
{containing one or more isoprene units, i.e. terpenes (carotenes C12P 23/00)} [2013-01]
C12P 5/02
.
acyclic {(C12P 5/007 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C12P 5/023
. .
{Methane} [2013-01]
C12P 5/026
. .
{Unsaturated compounds, i.e. alkenes, alkynes or allenes} [2013-01]
C12P 7/00
Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds [2013-01]
C12P 7/02
.
containing a hydroxy group [2013-01]
C12P 7/04
. .
acyclic [2013-01]
C12P 7/06
. . .
Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage [2013-01]
C12P 7/065
. . . .
{with microorganisms other than yeasts} [2017-08]
C12P 7/08
. . . .
produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate [2013-01]
C12P 7/10
. . . . .
substrate containing cellulosic material [2013-01]
C12P 7/12
. . . . .
substrate containing sulfite waste liquor or citrus waste [2013-01]
C12P 7/14
. . . .
Multiple stages of fermentation; Multiple types of microorganisms or re-use of microorganisms [2017-08]
C12P 7/16
. . .
Butanols [2013-01]
C12P 7/18
. . .
polyhydric [2013-01]
C12P 7/20
. . . .
Glycerol [2013-01]
C12P 7/22
. .
aromatic [2013-01]
C12P 7/24
.
containing a carbonyl group [2013-01]
C12P 7/26
. .
Ketones [2013-01]
C12P 7/28
. . .
Acetone-containing products [2013-01]
C12P 7/30
. . . .
produced from substrate containing inorganic compounds other than water [2013-01]
C12P 7/32
. . . .
produced from substrate containing inorganic nitrogen source [2013-01]
C12P 7/34
. . . .
produced from substrate containing protein as nitrogen source [2013-01]
C12P 7/36
. . . .
produced from substrate containing grain or cereal material [2013-01]
C12P 7/38
. . .
Cyclopentanone- or cyclopentadione-containing products [2013-01]
C12P 7/40
.
containing a carboxyl group {including Peroxycarboxylic acids} [2022-01]
C12P 7/42
. .
Hydroxy-carboxylic acids [2013-01]
C12P 7/44
. .
Polycarboxylic acids [2013-01]
C12P 7/46
. . .
Dicarboxylic acids having four or less carbon atoms, e.g. fumaric acid, maleic acid [2013-01]
C12P 7/48
. . .
Tricarboxylic acids, e.g. citric acid [2013-01]
C12P 7/50
. . .
having keto groups, e.g. 2-ketoglutaric acid [2013-01]
C12P 7/52
. .
Propionic acid; Butyric acids [2013-01]
C12P 7/54
. .
Acetic acid (vinegar C12J) [2013-01]
C12P 7/56
. .
Lactic acid [2013-01]
C12P 7/58
. .
Aldonic, ketoaldonic or saccharic acids (uronic acids C12P 19/00) [2017-08]
C12P 7/60
. . .
2-Ketogulonic acid [2013-01]
C12P 7/62
.
Carboxylic acid esters [2022-01]
WARNING

C12P 7/625
. .
Polyesters of hydroxy carboxylic acids [2022-01]
C12P 7/64
.
Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats [2014-11]
C12P 7/6409
. .
Fatty acids [2022-01]
C12P 7/6418
. . .
by hydrolysis of fatty acid esters [2022-01]
C12P 7/6427
. . .
Polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], i.e. having two or more double bonds in their backbone [2022-01]
WARNING

C12P 7/6431
. . . .
Linoleic acids [18:2[n-6]] [2022-01]
WARNING

C12P 7/6432
. . . .
Eicosapentaenoic acids [EPA] [2022-01]
WARNING

C12P 7/6434
. . . .
Docosahexenoic acids [DHA] [2022-01]
WARNING

C12P 7/6436
. .
Fatty acid esters [2022-01]
WARNING

  • Group C12P 7/6436 is impacted by reclassification into groups C12P 7/62 and C12P 7/625.
    All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.
C12P 7/6445
. . .
Glycerides [2022-01]
WARNING

C12P 7/6454
. . . .
by esterification [2022-01]
WARNING

C12P 7/6458
. . . .
by transesterification, e.g. interesterification, ester interchange, alcoholysis or acidolysis [2022-01]
WARNING

C12P 7/6463
. . . .
obtained from glyceride producing microorganisms, e.g. single cell oil [2022-01]
C12P 7/6472
. . . .
containing polyunsaturated fatty acid [PUFA] residues, i.e. having two or more double bonds in their backbone [2022-01]
WARNING

C12P 7/6481
. . . .
Phosphoglycerides (phosphoglycerides having carboxylic acids with less than seven carbon atoms C12P 7/62) [2022-01]
WARNING

C12P 7/649
. . .
Biodiesel, i.e. fatty acid alkyl esters [2022-01]
WARNING

C12P 7/66
.
containing the quinoid structure [2013-01]
C12P 9/00
Preparation of organic compounds containing a metal or atom other than H, N, C, O, S or halogen {(phosphoglycerides, C12P 7/6481)} [2013-01]
C12P 11/00
Preparation of sulfur-containing organic compounds [2013-01]
C12P 13/00
Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds [2013-01]
C12P 13/001
.
{Amines; Imines} [2013-01]
C12P 13/002
.
{Nitriles (-CN)} [2013-01]
C12P 13/004
. .
{Cyanohydrins} [2013-01]
C12P 13/005
.
{Amino acids other than alpha- or beta amino acids, e.g. gamma amino acids} [2013-01]
C12P 13/007
.
{Carnitine; Butyrobetaine; Crotonobetaine} [2013-01]
C12P 13/008
.
{containing a N-O bond, e.g. nitro (-NO2), nitroso (-NO)} [2013-01]
C12P 13/02
.
Amides, e.g. chloramphenicol {or polyamides; Imides or polyimides; Urethanes, i.e. compounds comprising N-C=O structural element or polyurethanes (peptides C12P 21/00 or C07K)} [2013-01]
C12P 13/04
.
Alpha- or beta- amino acids {(other amino acids C12P 13/005)} [2013-01]
C12P 13/06
. .
Alanine; Leucine; Isoleucine; Serine; Homoserine [2013-01]
C12P 13/08
. .
Lysine; Diaminopimelic acid; Threonine; Valine [2013-01]
C12P 13/10
. .
Citrulline; Arginine; Ornithine [2013-01]
C12P 13/12
. .
Methionine; Cysteine; Cystine [2013-01]
C12P 13/14
. .
Glutamic acid; Glutamine [2013-01]
C12P 13/16
. . .
using surfactants, fatty acids or fatty acid esters, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group or a carboxyl ester group [2013-01]
C12P 13/18
. . .
using biotin or its derivatives [2013-01]
C12P 13/20
. .
Aspartic acid; Asparagine [2013-01]
C12P 13/22
. .
Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Phenylalanine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine [2016-05]
NOTE

C12P 13/222
. . .
{Phenylalanine} [2013-01]
C12P 13/225
. . .
{Tyrosine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine} [2013-01]
C12P 13/227
. . .
{Tryptophan} [2013-01]
C12P 13/24
. .
Proline; Hydroxyproline; Histidine [2013-01]
C12P 15/00
Preparation of compounds containing at least three condensed carbocyclic rings {(gibbanes C12P 27/00; naphthacenes C12P 29/00)} [2017-08]
C12P 17/00
Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms (C12P 13/04 - C12P 13/24 take precedence) [2016-05]
C12P 17/02
.
Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms [2017-08]
C12P 17/04
. .
containing a five-membered hetero ring, e.g. griseofulvin {, vitamin C} [2017-08]
C12P 17/06
. .
containing a six-membered hetero ring, e.g. fluorescein [2013-01]
C12P 17/08
. .
containing a hetero ring of at least seven ring members, e.g. zearalenone, macrolide aglycons [2013-01]
C12P 17/10
.
Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom [2013-01]
C12P 17/12
. .
containing a six-membered hetero ring [2013-01]
C12P 17/14
.
Nitrogen or oxygen as hetero atom and at least one other diverse hetero ring atom in the same ring [2013-01]
C12P 17/16
.
containing two or more hetero rings {(thiamine open chain analogs C12P 17/167, i.e. not condensed among themselves or through a common carbocyclic ring system)} [2017-08]
C12P 17/162
. .
{Heterorings having oxygen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. Lasalocid} [2016-08]
C12P 17/165
. .
{Heterorings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms} [2013-01]
C12P 17/167
. .
{Heterorings having sulfur atoms as ring heteroatoms, e.g. vitamin B1, thiamine nucleus and open chain analogs} [2013-01]
C12P 17/18
.
containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin {(e.g. Rifamycin C12P 17/189)} [2017-08]
C12P 17/181
. .
{Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms in the condensed system, e.g. Salinomycin, Septamycin} [2013-01]
C12P 17/182
. .
{Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms in the condensed system (alloxazine or isoalloxazine, e.g. riboflavine C12P 25/00)} [2017-08]
C12P 17/183
. . .
{containing an indolo[4,3-F,G]quinoleine nucleus, e.g. compound containing the lysergic acid nucleus as well as the dimeric ergot nucleus} [2013-01]
C12P 17/184
. . .
{containing a beta-lactam ring, e.g. thienamycin} [2013-01]
C12P 17/185
. .
{Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms in the condensed system (cepam nucleus C12P 35/00; penam nucleus C12P 37/00)} [2015-11]
C12P 17/186
. . .
{containing a 2-oxo-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol nucleus, e.g. Biotin} [2013-01]
C12P 17/187
. . .
{containing two or more directly linked sulfur atoms, e.g. epithiopiperazines} [2013-01]
C12P 17/188
. .
{Heterocyclic compound containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms (ergot-alcaloids C12P 17/183)} [2013-01]
C12P 17/189
. . .
{containing the rifamycin nucleus} [2013-01]
C12P 19/00
Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals (ketoaldonic acids C12P 7/58) [2017-08]
NOTE

  • Attention is drawn to the term "saccharide radical" in the first Note following the title of subclass C07H.
C12P 19/02
.
Monosaccharides (2-ketogulonic acid C12P 7/60) [2013-01]
C12P 19/04
.
Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds [2013-01]
C12P 19/06
. .
Xanthan, i.e. Xanthomonas-type heteropolysaccharides [2013-01]
C12P 19/08
. .
Dextran [2013-01]
C12P 19/10
. .
Pullulan [2013-01]
C12P 19/12
.
Disaccharides [2013-01]
C12P 19/14
.
produced by the action of a carbohydrase {(EC 3.2.x)}, e.g. by alpha-amylase {, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase} [2017-08]
C12P 19/16
.
produced by the action of an alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, e.g. amylose, debranched amylopectin (non-biological hydrolysis of starch C08B 30/00) [2013-01]
C12P 19/18
.
produced by the action of a glycosyl transferase, e.g. alpha-, beta- or gamma-cyclodextrins [2013-01]
C12P 19/20
.
produced by the action of an exo-1,4 alpha-glucosidase, e.g. dextrose [2013-01]
C12P 19/22
.
produced by the action of a beta-amylase, e.g. maltose [2013-01]
C12P 19/24
.
produced by the action of an isomerase, e.g. fructose [2013-01]
C12P 19/26
.
Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates [2013-01]
C12P 19/28
. .
N-glycosides [2013-01]
C12P 19/30
. . .
Nucleotides [2013-01]
C12P 19/305
. . . .
{Pyrimidine nucleotides} [2013-01]
C12P 19/32
. . . .
having a condensed ring system containing a six-membered ring having two N-atoms in the same ring, e.g. purine nucleotides, nicotineamide-adenine dinucleotide [2013-01]
C12P 19/34
. . . .
Polynucleotides, e.g. nucleic acids, oligoribonucleotides [2013-01]
C12P 19/36
. . . .
Dinucleotides, e.g. nicotineamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate [2013-01]
C12P 19/38
. . .
Nucleosides [2013-01]
C12P 19/385
. . . .
{Pyrimidine nucleosides} [2013-01]
C12P 19/40
. . . .
having a condensed ring system containing a six-membered ring having two nitrogen atoms in the same ring, e.g. purine nucleosides [2013-01]
C12P 19/42
. . .
Cobalamins, i.e. vitamin B12, LLD factor [2013-01]
C12P 19/44
.
Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides {(polysaccharides and not substituted disaccharides C12P 19/04, C12P 19/12)} [2017-08]
C12P 19/445
. .
{The saccharide radical is condensed with a heterocyclic radical, e.g. everninomycin, papulacandin} [2013-01]
C12P 19/46
. .
having an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical bound to a cyclohexyl radical, e.g. kasugamycin [2013-01]
C12P 19/48
. . .
the cyclohexyl radical being substituted by two or more nitrogen atoms, e.g. destomycin, neamin [2013-01]
C12P 19/485
. . . .
{Having two saccharide radicals bound through only oxygen to non-adjacent ring carbons of the cyclohexyl radical, e.g. gentamycin, kanamycin, sisomycin, verdamycin, mutamycin, tobramycin, nebramycin, antibiotics 66-40B, 66-40D, XK-62-2, 66-40, G-418, G-52 (see also C12P 19/54)} [2013-01]
C12P 19/50
. . . .
having two saccharide radicals bound through only oxygen to adjacent ring carbon atoms of the cyclohexyl radical, e.g. ambutyrosin, ribostamycin [2013-01]
C12P 19/52
. . . . .
containing three or more saccharide radicals, e.g. neomycin, lividomycin [2013-01]
C12P 19/54
. . .
the cyclohexyl radical being bound directly to a nitrogen atom of two or more Image radicals, e.g. streptomycin [2013-01]
C12P 19/56
. .
having an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical directly bound to a condensed ring system having three or more carbocyclic rings, e.g. daunomycin, adriamycin [2013-01]
C12P 19/58
. .
having an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical directly bound through only acyclic carbon atoms to a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring, e.g. bleomycin, phleomycin [2017-08]
C12P 19/60
. .
having an oxygen of the saccharide radical directly bound to a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring or a condensed ring system containing a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring, e.g. coumermycin, novobiocin {(C12P 19/605)} [2013-01]
C12P 19/605
. . .
{to a 1-benzopyran-2-on (or the chalcones and hydrogenated chalcones thereof, e.g. coumermycin, novobiocin, novenamin)} [2013-01]
C12P 19/62
. . .
the hetero ring having eight or more ring members and only oxygen as ring hetero atoms, e.g. erythromycin, spiramycin, nystatin [2013-01]
C12P 19/623
. . . .
{Avermectin; Milbemycin; Ivermectin; C-076} [2013-01]
C12P 19/626
. . . .
{Natamycin; Pimaricin; Tennecetin} [2013-01]
C12P 19/64
.
Preparation of S-glycosides, e.g. lincomycin [2013-01]
C12P 21/00
Preparation of peptides or proteins (single cell protein C12N 1/00) [2013-01]
C12P 21/005
.
{Glycopeptides, glycoproteins} [2013-01]
C12P 21/02
.
having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione [2013-01]
C12P 21/06
.
produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products (preparing foodstuffs by protein hydrolysis A23J 3/00) [2013-01]
C12P 23/00
Preparation of compounds containing a cyclohexene ring having an unsaturated side chain containing at least ten carbon atoms bound by conjugated double bonds, e.g. carotenes (containing heterorings C12P 17/00) [2013-01]
C12P 25/00
Preparation of compounds containing alloxazine or isoalloxazine nucleus, e.g. riboflavin [2013-01]
C12P 27/00
Preparation of compounds containing a gibbane ring system, e.g. gibberellin [2013-01]
C12P 29/00
Preparation of compounds containing a naphthacene ring system, e.g. tetracycline (C12P 19/00 takes precedence) [2013-01]
C12P 31/00
Preparation of compounds containing a five-membered ring having two side-chains in ortho position to each other, and having at least one oxygen atom directly bound to the ring in ortho position to one of the side-chains, one side-chain containing, not directly bound to the ring, a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, and the other side-chain having at least one oxygen atom bound in gamma-position to the ring, e.g. prostaglandins [2013-01]
C12P 31/005
.
{by fermentation or enzyme-using processes from marine organisms, e.g. Plexaura Homomalla} [2013-01]
C12P 33/00
Preparation of steroids [2017-08]
NOTES

  • Attention is drawn to the definition of steroids in the note following the title of subclass C07J.
  • In groups C12P 33/02 - C12P 33/20, the terms "acting", "forming", "hydroxylating", "dehydroxylating" and "dehydrogenating" refer to the action of a microorganism or enzyme rather than other chemical action.
C12P 33/005
.
{Degradation of the lateral chains at position 17} [2013-01]
C12P 33/02
.
Dehydrogenating; Dehydroxylating [2013-01]
C12P 33/04
. .
Forming an aryl ring from A ring [2013-01]
C12P 33/06
.
Hydroxylating [2013-01]
C12P 33/08
. .
at 11 position [2013-01]
C12P 33/10
. . .
at 11 alpha-position [2013-01]
C12P 33/12
.
Acting on D ring {(carbons 13 and 14 belong to the C ring; degradation of lateral chains C12P 33/005)} [2013-01]
C12P 33/14
. .
Hydroxylating at 16 position [2013-01]
C12P 33/16
. .
Acting at 17 position [2013-01]
C12P 33/18
. . .
Hydroxylating at 17 position [2013-01]
C12P 33/20
.
containing heterocyclic rings {(reactions are also classified in groups C12P 33/00 - C12P 33/18)} [2016-05]
C12P 35/00
Preparation of compounds having a 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring system, e.g. cephalosporin [2013-01]
C12P 35/02
.
by desacylation of the substituent in the 7 position [2013-01]
C12P 35/04
.
by acylation of the substituent in the 7 position [2013-01]
C12P 35/06
.
Cephalosporin C; Derivatives thereof [2013-01]
C12P 35/08
.
disubstituted in the 7 position [2013-01]
C12P 37/00
Preparation of compounds having a 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring system, e.g. penicillin [2013-01]
C12P 37/02
.
in presence of phenylacetic acid or phenylacetamide or their derivatives {not to be used} [2013-01]
C12P 37/04
.
by acylation of the substituent in the 6 position [2013-01]
C12P 37/06
.
by desacylation of the substituent in the 6 position [2013-01]
C12P 39/00
Processes involving microorganisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously [2017-08]
C12P 41/00
Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture [2017-08]
C12P 41/001
.
{by metabolizing one of the enantiomers} [2013-01]
C12P 41/002
.
{by oxidation/reduction reactions} [2013-01]
C12P 41/003
.
{by ester formation, lactone formation or the inverse reactions} [2013-01]
C12P 41/004
. .
{by esterification of alcohol- or thiol groups in the enantiomers or the inverse reaction} [2013-01]
C12P 41/005
. .
{by esterification of carboxylic acid groups in the enantiomers or the inverse reaction} [2013-01]
C12P 41/006
.
{by reactions involving C-N bonds, e.g. nitriles, amides, hydantoins, carbamates, lactames, transamination reactions, or keto group formation from racemic mixtures} [2013-01]
C12P 41/007
. .
{by reactions involving acyl derivatives of racemic amines} [2013-01]
C12P 41/008
. .
{by reactions involving carbamates} [2013-01]
C12P 41/009
. .
{by reactions involving hydantoins or carbamoylamino compounds} [2013-01]
C12P 2201/00
Pretreatment of cellulosic or lignocellulosic material for subsequent enzymatic treatment or hydrolysis [2013-01]
C12P 2203/00
Fermentation products obtained from optionally pretreated or hydrolyzed cellulosic or lignocellulosic material as the carbon source [2024-08]