CPC Definition - Subclass C08J
This place covers:
- Chemical aspects of processes for treating, compounding, working-up or recovery of macromolecular substances unless the treatment, compounding, working-up or recovery is provided for elsewhere as indicated below in the relationship section.
- Chemical features of manufacture, treatment or coating of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances unless the manufacture, treatment or coating is provided for elsewhere as indicated below in the relationship section.
- Chemical aspects of working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials and after-treatment thereof unless provided for elsewhere as indicated below in the relationship section.
- Chemical aspects of recovery or working-up of waste materials, i.e. macromolecular materials (e.g. polymers), solvents and unreacted monomers, unless provided for elsewhere as indicated below in the relationship section.
C08J covers general processes or treatments that are not already covered by subclasses C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G and C08H.
C08J is residual to subclasses C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G and C08H in relation to after-treatment of macromolecular substances or polymers, and therefore does not cover:
- Polymerisation processes involving purification or recycling of waste polymers or depolymerisation products of specified macromolecular substances.
- Foamed polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates characterised by the monomers or catalysts used (C08G 18/00).
B29 covers mechanical aspects of working up, after-treatment and compounding of plastics or materials in a plastic state. If a process for working up, after-treatment and compounding of plastics contains both chemical and mechanical aspects, it should be classified in both B29 and C08J.
When classifying in this subclass, additional classification(s) are made from subclass C08L, relating to essential or characterising materials used.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Reference B29 is non-limiting in the subclass C08J. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.
- In this subclass, at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.
- In this subclass, the polymer involved in the working-up is specified using Indexing symbols of the group C08J 2300/00-C08J 2399/00.
- When the presence of one or several additional polymers, present in minority, is of relevance, this additional polymer is specified using Indexing symbols of the group C08J 2400/00-C08J 2499/00.
This place covers:
The chemical aspect of making solutions, dispersions or lattices, powdering or granulating, plasticising, compounding with additives, cross-linking, vulcanising and treatment by wave energy or particle radiation.
Multiple classification
The way of preparing solutions, emulsions, classified in C08J 3/02, can be part of the preparation and characterisation of paints and should also be classified in C09D 7/00.
The use of a specific emulsifying agent classified in C09K 23/00 could apply to the emulsification of polymers and also be classified in C08J 3/02.
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredient, e.g. characterisation by their physical form | |
Treatment of inorganic materials other than fibrous filler in order to enhance their filling or pigmenting properties | |
Pigment paste | |
Preparation method of toner particles |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Treatment by wave energy or irradiation of shaped articles | |
Cosmetic or similar preparations characterised by their physical form | |
Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads | |
Mechanical aspects of mixing, emulsifying and dispersing | |
Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating | |
Making granules | |
Mechanical aspects of cross–linking or vulcanising | |
Treatment or chemical modification of rubbers | |
Making solution dispersion or lattices by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation | |
Post-polymerisation treatment of polymer emulsions or solutions | |
Crosslinking aspects not classifiable in these groups | |
Plasticising macromolecules or compounding with additives characterised by the plasticiser or additive | |
Encapsulation or pre-treatment of additives |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Process or devices for granulating material followed by coating of the granules |
This place does not cover:
Pulverisation by spraying |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coagulation of polymer emulsions |
This place covers:
This group covers the process of treating polymers with plasticisers in order to modify thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer.
Plasticisers are classified in C08K.
This place does not cover:
Crosslinking agents |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Compounding polymers with additives | |
Mechanical aspects of crosslinking |
Reference B29C 35/00 is non-limiting in the subgroup C08J 3/24. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of pretreated ingredients |
This place covers:
- Direct processing of dispersions, e.g. latex, to articles.
- Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with fibrous and/or nanosized materials.
- Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material.
- Manufacturing of films and sheets.
- Manufacture of shaped structures of ion- exchange resin, e.g. membranes.
- Impregnating materials with prepolymers, e.g. manufacturing of prepregs.
This place does not cover:
Membranes for dialysis, osmosis or filtration, e.g. semi-permeable membranes |
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient | |
Treatment of inorganic materials other than fibrous filler in order to enhance their filling or pigmenting properties | |
Pigment paste | |
Adhesive processes | |
Fuel cells with polymeric electrolyte material |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Shaping of foodstuffs | |
Cation exchange | |
Anion-exchange | |
Amphoteric ion-exchange | |
Regeneration of ion-exchangers | |
Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin | |
Microstructural technology | |
Treatment of rubber latex | |
Treatment of polymer emulsions | |
Use of ingredients characterised by shape | |
Surface modified additives | |
After treatment of threads during manufacturing | |
Other nonwoven fabrics | |
Finishing of textiles |
This place covers:
The reinforcement of polymers with nanofillers as a structuring agent.
Polymers comprising nanoadditives without reinforcing structure are classified in C08K.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Nanotechnology for materials and surface science | |
Use of ingredients characterised by shape | |
Nanostructured additives |
This place covers:
The direct processing of latex, e.g. for hand gloves.
This place covers:
The reinforcement of macromolecular compounds (thermoplastic) with loose or coherent fibrous material (no continuous fibres).
- Mechanical aspect of making such composites in a specific process for making composites are classified in B29C 70/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments during manufacture | |
Finishing of textiles |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Joining or sealing of preformed parts |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Adhesive compositions |
This place covers:
The manufacture of self-standing monolayers, films or sheets characterised by chemical features or parameters; the films per se and the manufactured products thereof.
Self-standing films are films that are different from films made by coating on a substrate.
Porous or microporous films when the pores are obtained mechanically.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating of shaped articles made of polymers with polymeric layers | |
Process for making films only characterised by the use of specific apparatus, e.g. extruding, blow moulding or thermoforming | |
Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die, characterised by the choice of materials | |
Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets | |
Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin | |
Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form | |
Films which are only coated layers |
- The type of polymer used to make the film is indicated using an Indexing symbol of groups C08J 2300/00 - C08J 2399/00.
- When the presence of one or several additional polymers, present in minority, is of relevance, this additional polymer is specified using an Indexing symbol of groups C08J 2400/00 - C08J 2499/00.
Example:
- Polypropylene films are classified in C08J 5/18 and C08J 2323/12.
This place covers:
The product of manufacture of ion-exchange membranes based on inorganic and/or organic macromolecules and processes of making polyelectrolytes.
This group covers the manufacturing process as well as the obtained products.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of macromolecular compounds as cation exchangers | |
Use of macromolecular compounds as anion exchangers |
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
This place covers:
Membranes of which at least the ion exchanging parts are inorganic, i.e. mixtures of non-polymeric ion-exchange compounds, e.g. inorganic salts and at least one polymer.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. reverse osmosis, microfiltration or ultrafiltration | |
Semi-permeable membranes of macromolecular compounds | |
Ion-exchange in general | B01J 39/18 - B01J 39/22, B01J 41/12 - B01J 41/16, B01J 43/00, B01J 45/00, B01J 47/12 - B01J 47/15, B01J 49/00 |
Electrolyte membranes which are characterised only by the construction, e.g. porosity or presence of specific electrolytes, the polymer not being specific | |
Fuel cells with polymeric electrolyte material |
- Groups e.g. –SO2F, that do not have ion-exchanging properties, but may, by simple hydrolysis in an alkaline, neutral or acid medium, be transformed into ion-exchanging groups, e.g. –SO2H, are considered as ion-exchanging groups.
- Membranes obtained by homogeneous melting or from a solution are considered as homogeneous, even if the membrane contains (after solidification of the melt or the solution) heterogeneous elements, e.g. filling bodies, supports in the form of fabrics, or the like.
- Quaternising reactions are not considered as after-treatments.
- Membranes based on cellulose are classified in C08J 5/2212.
- Methods for incorporating reinforcement supports or filling bodies where the support or filling body has no ion-exchange activity are classified in C08J 5/2206.
- Ion-exchanging fibrous fabrics are considered as heterogeneous membranes and are classified in C08J 5/2275; they include composite membranes and mixtures of two or more (ion exchange) polymers.
- Reactions that change the nature of the ion-exchanging groups, introduction of ion-exchanging groups, and after-treatment of a membrane that has already been formed are classified in C08J 5/2287.
See also the Rules under C08J 5/18.
This place covers:
Ion-exchange membranes based on organic and/or inorganic polymers.
Methods for incorporating reinforcement supports or filling bodies, the support or filling body having no ion exchange activity.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fuel cells with solid polymeric electrolyte materials |
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
This place covers:
Ion-exchange membranes based on natural polymers, e.g. celullose.
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
This place covers:
Ion-exchange membranes based on synthetic organic polymers.
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
This place covers:
Ion-exchange membranes based on synthetic organic polymers containing fluorine.
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
This place covers:
Ion-exchange membranes based on synthetic polymers obtained by addition polymerization (C08F) reactions.
This place covers:
Ion-exchange membranes obtained by introduction of active groups of ion-exchange groups into compounds of the type C08J 5/2231.
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
Groups, e.g. SO2F, which do not have ion-exchanging properties, but which may, by simple hydrolysis in an alkaline, neutral or acid medium, be transformed into ion-exchanging groups, e.g. SO2H, are considered as such.
This place covers:
Ion-exchange membranes obtained by introduction of active groups of ion-exchange groups into compounds of the type C08J 5/2231 containing fluorine.
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
This place covers:
Ion-exchange membranes based on polymers obtained by step polymerization (C08G) reactions (condensation or polyaddition polymerization).
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
This place covers:
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
This place covers:
- Heterogeneous or composite ion-exchange membranes.
- Ion-exchanging fibrous fabrics, which are considered as heterogeneous membranes; they include composite membranes, mixtures of two or more (ion exchange) polymers.
- Membranes obtained by homogeneous melting or from a solution, which are considered as homogeneous, even if the membrane contains (after solidification of the melt or the solution) heterogeneous elements, e.g. filling bodies, supports e.g. in the form of fabrics, or the like, i.e. the ion exchange resin forms the membrane.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes |
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
This place covers:
Heterogeneous or composite ion-exchange membranes containing fluorine
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes |
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
This place covers:
- After-treatment of already formed ion-exchange membranes.
- Reactions which change the nature of the ion-exchanging groups, introduction of ion-exchanging groups
- After-treatment, the membrane having been already formed
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus |
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
Quaternising reactions are not considered as after-treatments.
This place covers:
After-treatment of already formed fluorine containing ion-exchange membranes.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus | B01D67/0087, B01D 71/00 |
Please see the Rules under C08J 5/18.
Reactions which change the nature of the ion-exchanging groups, introduction of ion-exchanging groups, after-treatment (where the membrane has already been formed) are classified in C08J 5/2287 or in C08J 5/2293.
Quaternising reactions are not considered as after-treatments.
This place covers:
Prepregs, i.e. reinforcement material pre-impregnated with a resin matrix.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Layered products characterised by the presence of two or more fibrous or filamentary layers next to each other | |
Layered products comprising at least one impregnated fibrous or filamentary layer |
In this group and its indented subgroups, the last place priority rule is not applied, i.e. the common rule is applied.
See also the Rules under C08J 5/18.
This place covers:
All types of treatments of shaped articles comprising polymeric surfaces. The treatments include chemical or physical treatments and coating of continuous polymeric surfaces.
- C09D relates to coating compositions.
- B05D relates to processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces in general.
- Adhesive sheets are classified in C09J 7/00.
- D06M 15/00 relates to the coating of polymer fibres.
- D01F relates to the chemical treatment of fibres.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
- The treatment of specific polymers is indicated using Indexing symbols of the group C08J 2300/00-C08J 2399/00.
- When the presence of one or several additional polymers, present in minority, is of relevance, this additional polymer is specified using Indexing symbols of the group C08J 2400/00-C08J 2499/00.
Example:
- Surface treatment of a polypropylene film is classified in C08J 7/00 and C08J 2323/12.
This place covers:
Treatment of polymeric substrates with solvents or swelling agents.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Recovery or working-up of waste materials using selective solvents for polymer components. | |
After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; using liquids, e.g. solvents, swelling agents. |
Please see the Rules under C08J 7/00.
This place covers:
Coating of polymeric substrates in general.
See the Relationships section of C08J 7/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating compositions based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond | |
Coating compositions per se |
See the Special rules section of C08J 7/00.
This place covers:
Multiple coatings on a polymeric substrate, where at least one layer of a composition contains a polymer binder.
See the Relationships section of C08J 7/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin |
The treatment of specific polymers is indicated using Indexing Codes of the groups C08J 2300/00 - C08J 2399/00.
When the presence of one or several additional polymers, present in minority, is of relevance, this additional polymer is specified using Indexing Codes of the groups C08J 2400/00 - C08J 2499/00.
Example - Coating of a polypropylene film with a polyurethane layer and a polyepoxy layer is classified in C08J 7/00 and C08J 2323/12 and C08J 2475/04 and C08J 2463/00.
This place covers:
Multiple coatings on a polymeric substrate with at least one layer of inorganic material and at least one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder.
See the Relationships section of C08J 7/00.
See the Special Rules section of C08J 7/00.
This place covers:
Coating a polymeric substrate with a single layer containing a polymer binder.
This place does not cover:
Multiple coatings on a polymeric substrate |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds |
The coating of a specific polymeric substrate with a layer of an unspecified polymer binder is using Indexing Codes of the groups C08J 2300/00 - C08J 2399/00.
When the presence of one or several additional polymers, present in minority, is of relevance, this additional polymer is specified using Indexing Codes of the groups C08J 2400/00 - C08J 2499/00.
Example -1: Coating of a polycarbonate substrate with a protective polymeric layer is classified in C08J 7/0427 and C08J 2369/00.
When both the substrate and the coating are unspecified the classification C08J 7/0427 alone is used.
Example -2: Coating a polycarbonate substrate with a polyurethane layer is classified in C08J 7/0427 and C08J 2369/00 and C08J 2475/04.
This place covers:
Coating or impregnating of a polymeric substrate with a low-molecular weight organic or inorganic compound. Adsorbing or absorbing of low-molecular weight compounds or inorganic compounds on a polymeric substrate.
Coating of a polymeric substrate with a metallic material e.g. metallisation is classified in C23C.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Please see the Rules under C08J 7/00.
This place covers:
Coating, impregnating, adsorbing or absorbing of a polymeric substrate with low-molecular weight organic substances e.g. absorption of dyes in the surface of the article;
Treatment of a polymer substrate with antimicrobial agent.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Features of coating compositions; non-macromolecular additives |
Please see the Rules under C08J 7/00.
This place covers:
Thermal treatment of polymer substrates with heat, e.g. flame.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Surface shaping by flame treatment e.g. hot gases |
Please see the Rules under C08J 7/00.
This place covers:
Chemical modification of a polymeric surface.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chemical modification of membranes | |
Chemical modification by after-treatment | C08F 8/00- C08F 8/50, C08G 2/30, C08G 59/14, C08G 63/46, C08G 63/91, C08G 64/42, C08G 65/32, C08G 65/48, C08G 69/48, C08G 75/0286, C08G 77/38, C08G 85/004 |
Please see the Rules under C08J 7/00.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Chemical etching | Chemical modification of a polymeric surface |
This place covers:
Treatment of polymeric substrates with electromagnetic radiation, e.g. corona, plasma, X-rays or γ-rays, UV, laser, etc., wherein the treated substrate may be coated during the treatment or at a later stage or not at all.
- Treatment of the bulk of a polymer with electromagnetic radiation is classified in C08J 3/28. Treatment of a polymeric surface with electromagnetic radiation is classified in C08J 7/123.
- A coating process comprising plasma pre-treatment of polymeric substrates is classified in B05D 3/144. If the coating process is more directed to the chemistry of the coated layers, it is classified in C08J 7/123.
This place does not cover:
Treatment with polymerisable compounds using wave energy or particle radiation |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Treatment of a macromolecular compound by wave energy or radiation | |
Pre-treatment of polymeric substrates with plasma | |
Surface shaping of articles by plasma treatment | |
Surface shaping of articles by wave energy or particle radiation |
Please see the Rules under C08J 7/00.
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- "Particle radiation treatment", "Plasma treatment", "Electron beam treatment", and/or "Electronic irradiation"
- " Wave energy treatment", "Corona discharge", "Glow discharge", and/or "Ultraviolet treatment"
This place covers:
Halogenation (e.g. chlorination or fluorination) of polymeric surfaces.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chemical modification by after-treatment halogenation |
See corresponding note under C08J 7/00.
Chlorination | Chloration |
Fluorination | Fluoration |
This place covers:
Chemical modification of a polymeric surface with acids, their salts or anhydrides to apply functional groups onto the surface of the treated article.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Please the References under under C08J 7/00.
Please see the Rules under C08J 7/00.
This place covers:
Polymerization of monomer(s) on top of a polymeric surface.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Please see the Rules under C08J 7/00.
This place covers:
Polymerization of monomer(s) on top of a polymeric surface using wave energy or particle radiation.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Plasma-deposition of organic layers |
Please see the Rules under C08J 7/00.
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- "Particle radiation treatment", "Plasma treatment", "Electron beam treatment", and/or "Electronic irradiation"
- " Wave energy treatment", "Corona discharge", "Glow discharge", and/or "Ultraviolet treatment"
Classification guidance:
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Porous films | |
Use of foams for bandages, dressings or absorbent pads | |
Materials for prostheses | |
Membranes |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Sponges for cleaning purposes | |
Manufacture of microcapsules or microballoons | |
Mechanical aspects of foaming | |
Foams containing more than 50% inorganic filler | |
Synthesis and blends of organic blowing agents | |
Foamed polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates characterised by the monomers or catalysts used | |
Use of a filler in a non-foamed polymer composition | |
Polymer blends | |
Propellants for aerosols |
Reference B29C is non-limiting in the main group C08J 9/00. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.
Classification guidance:
In the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.
- Example: Halogenated phosphoric compound as additive is classified in C08J 9/0038.
The blowing or foaming agents involved are classified in groups C08J 9/02 - C08J 9/149.
Documents belonging to several subgroups are also classified in the "one dot less" subgroup.
- Example: The combination of brominated flame retardant and phosphoric compound is classified in groups C08J 9/0019, C08J 9/0038 and C08J 9/0014.
The use of water as the sole blowing agent for (poly)isocyanate-containing foams is regarded as trivial. It is not classified in C08J.
Mixtures of organic and inorganic blowing agents are classified in C08J 9/127 and each blowing agent of the mixture is also classified according to its nature.
Foams are subdivided according to the involved polymer(s) using the C08L scheme:
- When a foam is characterised by the involved polymer(s), then Indexing symbols of groups C08J 2300/00-C08J 2399/00 are given, in order to specify said polymer(s).
- The structure of the C08J 2300/00 classification is mainly based on the classification of C08L.
- Example: C08J 2325/06 corresponds to C08L 25/06 (polystyrene). Additionally, groups C08J 2300/00 - C08J 2300/30 specify polymers that are broadly defined.
When a document deals with one single polymer or several alternative polymers, but no polymer blend, then an Indexing symbol of the C08J 2300/00 range is used.
Examples:
- The use of an alkane blowing agent for expanding polystyrene is classified in C08J 9/141 and C08J 2325/06.
- The use of an alkane blowing agent for expanding polystyrene or polyethylene is classified in C08J 9/141, and C08J 2325/06 and C08J 2323/06.
Further subdivisions:
This subgroup is only allocated when, in addition to a "main" polymer, a second or third polymer is present in the foamable blend. This second or third polymer is always in minority, compared to the main polymer.
- Please see the rules above.
As above, the "main" polymer is indexed using groups C08J 2300/00-C08J 2399/00.
- The polymeric component in minority is indexed using groups C08J 2400/00-C08J 2499/00.
Example:
- A foam from a blend or 80% polystyrene and 20% PMMA is classified in C08J 9/0061, C08J 2325/06 and C08J 2433/12.
When overlapping ranges of two polymers are claimed or exclusively exemplified, then a combination of both classification symbols must be given.
See example below.
Example:
- A foamable blend of 80-20% polystyrene and 20-80% polyethylene is classified in C08J 9/0061 and C08J 2425/06 and C08J 2323/06, and C08J 2423/06 and C08J 2325/06.
General practice specifies that any of groups C08J 2300/00-C08J 2399/00 can be used in combination with any of groups C08J 2400/00-C08J 2499/00 to define the invention.
- Second and/or third polymers, only present in very low proportions may be ignored, provided their presence is not the key of the invention.
- Foam compositions wherein only the polymer in minority is defined are classified in C08J 9/0061 and C08J 2400/00-C08J 2499/00.
Example:
- Foam comprising 10% polystyrene in 90% of another polymer is classified in C08J 9/0061 and C08J 2425/06.
In these subgroups, Indexing symbols of C08J 2400/00-C08J 2499/00 are used to designate the polymer used for coating, binding or impregnating the foam (particle). The foam itself receives a C08J 2300/00-C08J 2399/00 symbol.
In these subgroups, Indexing symbols of C08J 2400/00-C08J 2499/00 are used to designate the foam fragments. The foamable (C08J 9/35) or unfoamable matrix (C08J 9/33) is specified using C08J 2300/00-C08J 2399/00.
Indexing symbols C08J 2201/04 - C08J 2201/0484 are used in C08J 9/26, for specifying the solid to be extracted.
Indexing symbols C08J 2201/05 - C08J 2201/0545 are used in C08J 9/28, for specifying the first step of the separation process (cooling, evaporation, precipitation).
Expandable compositions and expanded products are often regarded as similar and thus classified in the same subgroup. A foam composition is expandable or foamable. A foam (p)article can be porous cellular, expanded, foamed, pre- or post-foamed, pre- or post-expanded.
A foam contains pores, cavities or cells, which can be closed, open or interconnected.
A foam is porous, macroporous, microporous (1-100 microns diameter) or nanoporous (1-100 nanometers).
The pores distribution can be for unimodal, bimodal or trimodal.
Porous polymeric aerogels, organogels or xerogels can be regarded as foams.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Blowing agent | Substance which is either gaseous at ambient temperature or capable of reversibly becoming gaseous upon heating (C08J 9/12 or subgroups). This strict distinction is however not always respected in patents. |
Expandable | Expandable includes expanding, pre-expanded or expanded. |
Foaming agent | Material that will decompose to release a gas under certain conditions (C08J 9/06 or subgroups). |
Integral foams | Foams characterized by a dense or slightly expanded skin on a foamed core. |
Open cells foam or foam with open pores | Foam where more than 50% or the pores are open. |
Porogen | Compound which is removed after solidification of the polymer composition (C08J 9/26, C08J 9/28). |
Syntactic foams | Foams containing expandable and/or non expandable hollow particles (C08J 9/32). |
Mixtures of organic and inorganic blowing agents are classified in C08J 9/127 and each blowing agent of the mixture is also classified according to its nature
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
The term "Expandable particles" covers also expanding, pre-expanded or expanded particles
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
The term "Expandable particles" concerns also expanding, pre-expanded or expanded particles
This place covers:
Expandable or expanded particles coated by a thin binding agent.
This place covers:
Foams containing expandable microspheres, as well as inorganic microspheres, microballoons or cenospheres.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Foams dealing with expandable particles like expandable polystyrene | |
Making microballoons |
This place covers:
Foam fragments in an unfoamed matrix.
This place covers:
Foam fragments in a foamed matrix.
This place covers:
Physical and chemical recycling of waste polymers with the purpose of recovering monomer(s), oligomer(s) and/or polymers with the purpose of making new polymers (same or different).
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Agglomerating foam fragments, e.g. waste foam | |
Collecting, recovering, recycling or eliminating the paint sludge from the washing liquid; Recovering or eliminating the paint sludge from washing liquid | |
Mechanical treatments | |
Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics, e.g. mechanical aspects of recycling | |
Layered products made from or containing mainly scrap material | |
Polymerisation processes involving purification or recycling of waste polymers or their depolymerisation products | |
Use of waste materials, e.g. treated or untreated sewage sludge | |
Compositions of (unvulcanised) reclaimed rubber | |
Compositions of precrosslinked rubber or scrap rubber or used vulcanised rubber | |
Paint detackifiers or coagulants, e.g. for the treatment of oversprays in paint spraying installations | |
Chemical paint or ink removers |
References B29B 17/00, C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G and C08H are non-limiting in the main group C08J 11/00. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.
Looping references between C08J 11/00 and B29B 17/00 have been identified. Until this inconsistency is resolved in IPC, the current classification practice in CPC is as follows: B29B 17/00 is considered as non-limiting in the main group C08J 11/00.
Classification Guidance:
The treatment of specific polymers is indicated using Indexing symbols of the group C08J 2300/00-C08J 2399/00.
When the presence of one or several additional polymers, present in minority, is of relevance, this additional polymer is specified using Indexing symbols of the group C08J 2400/00-C08J 2499/00.
Example:
- Recycling of saturated polyesters is classified in C08J 11/00 and C08J 2367/02.
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- "recycle(-ing)", "reclaim(-ing)", "discard(-ing)", "recuperate(-ing)", "rejuvenate(-ing)", "reutilize(-ing)", "regenerate(-ing)", "salvage(-ing)", "waste", "scrap", "recover(-ing)", "reject(ed)", and "post-consumed" in combination with the corresponding polymer.
This place covers:
Cleaning or purifying waste polymers by removing residual monomers, solvents, plasticizers, and the like.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
This place covers:
After-treatment of waste polymers involving mainly chemical modification of polymers, use of functional compatibilizers, and the like.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chemical modification of membranes | |
After treatment of addition polymers (obtained by reactions involving polymers obtained by reactions involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds; purification) | |
After treatment of condensation/ polyaddition polymers | C08G 2/30, C08G 59/14, C08G 63/46, C08G 63/91, C08G 64/42, C08G 65/32, C08G 65/48, C08G 69/48, C08G 75/0286, C08G 77/38, C08G 85/004 |
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
This place covers:
Physical recovery or recycling of polymers.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Agglomerating foam fragments, e.g. waste foam | |
Recovery or recycling of polymers by mechanical means | |
Post polymerization treatment of polymers obtained by reactions involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds; Purification | |
Compositions of (unvulcanized) reclaimed rubber | |
Compositions of scrap (vulcanized) rubber |
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
This place covers:
Recovery, extracting or recycling of polymer components from a waste mixture using selective solvents.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
This place covers:
Depolymerization of waste polymers.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Organic chemistry | |
Depolymerisation of halogenated hydrocarbon polymers | |
Depolymerisation of polyesters | |
Depolymerisation of polyamides | |
Depolymerisation of rubber | |
Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from rubber or rubber waste |
Reference C07 is non-limiting in the subgroup C08J 11/10. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
This place covers:
Decomposing or depolymerizing of waste polymers with enzymes or microorganisms.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless by biological methods, i.e. processes using enzymes or microorganisms | |
Preparation of polyesters of hydroxy-carboxylic acids by using microorganisms |
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
This place covers:
Recovery or recycling of chemical compounds by thermal decomposition of waste polymers, e.g. by pyrolysis or incineration.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Destructive distillation of carbonaceous materials for production of gas, coke, tar or similar matters | |
Destructive distillation of synthetic polymeric materials. e.g. tyres | |
Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from rubber or rubber waste |
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- "pyrolysis", "incineration", "thermal decomposition" and "cracking" in combination with the corresponding polymer
This place covers:
Hydrolysis of waste polymers with water or steam or water in supercritical state.
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- "hydrolysis" and "decomposition or depolymerization in water" in combination with the corresponding polymer
This place covers:
Depolymerization of waste polymers using inorganic materials such as catalysts.
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
Group C08J 11/14 takes precedence over group C08J 11/16.
This place covers:
Depolymerization of waste polymers with organic materials.
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
In patent documents the following expression/word "solvolysis" is often used as a synonym in combination with the corresponding polymer.
This place covers:
Depolymerisation of waste polymers with halogenated hydrocarbons.
This place covers:
Depolymerisation of waste polymers with oxygen containing compounds, e.g. peroxides.
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
This place covers:
Depolymerisation of waste polymers by alcoholysis or glycloysis.
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
In patent documents the following expressions/words are often used as synonyms in combination with the corresponding polymer:
"alcoholysis", "glycolysis.
This place covers:
Depolymerisation of waste polymers with organic compounds containing carboxylic acid groups, their anhydrides or esters.
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.
This place covers:
Depolymerisation of waste polymers with organic compounds containing nitrogen, sulphur or phosphorous; e.g. (cyclo)aliphatic amines, thiocarbamates, and the like.
Please see the Rules under C08J 11/00.