Devices or processes specially adapted to be used to insert or place media into human bodies (e.g., pumps, syringes, atomisers, insufflators, inhalers) and that do so either

Devices or processes specially adapted to be used to place media upon human bodies (e.g., percutaneous devices, radioactive dressings) and that do so either

Devices or processes which are specially adapted to be used to direct, lead, convey, or carry media up to, away from, or within human bodies (e.g., tubes for carrying oxygen, medical pumps, artificial hearts, mechanical blood circulatory assistors, blood oxygenation devices, devices for artificial respiration by treatment with gas or air) and that do so either

Devices or processes specially adapted to be used to remove, eject, or expel media from human bodies (e.g., suction type breast relievers, discharge draining devices for wounds) and that do so

Devices or processes specially adapted to cause or provoke a change in the state of consciousness of humans (e.g., induce sleep, fully awaken) and that do so in a manner other than one which commonly occurs (e.g., falling asleep on a good mattress, physical exhaustion).

Devices or processes specially adapted to increase or decrease the mental activity of humans while awake (e.g., relax, stimulate) and that do so in a manner other than that which commonly occurs (e.g., creating boredom).

Accessories specially adapted for use with at least one of the above devices and that contribute to the effectiveness or safety of the device or its use.

Specially adapted components having structural features limiting them to use with a device of one of the types specified above.

When used with animals

If a device or process is usable for both humans and animals for the same purpose and in the same manner, and it is otherwise proper for this subclass, classification is made only in subclass A61M. Similar devices or processes to those covered by subclass A61M that are usable exclusively for animals, or are used in animals in a different manner or for different purposes than for humans, are classified in subclass A61D.

When used with living or dead human bodies

Patent documents for general-purpose medical devices or processes that are otherwise proper for subclass A61M are classified in subclass A61M when they either disclose only being used on living human bodies or broadly disclose being used on humans. Patent documents for general -purpose medical devices or processes that are otherwise proper for subclass A61M and fully identified as being used on both living and dead human bodies are classified in subclass A61M and subclass A01N or A61B Patent documents for similar devices or processes to those covered by subclass A61M that are specially adapted for use exclusively on dead humans are classified only in subclass A01N or A61B.

Implantable prostheses or artificial organ replacements

With regard to human organs and their parts, the exact distinction between the artificial devices implantable into human bodies that are proper for subclass A61F and those proper for subclass A61M is somewhat imprecise. Therefore, for analogous situations that are not specifically covered by existing groups of these subclasses, the following listings are intended to provide guidance. Subclass A61F provides for the following replacements or substitutes for internal body organs or their parts: artificial hollow or tubular parts of organs (e.g., bladders, tracheae, bronchi, hearts valves and blood vessels, bile ducts), structural supporting or maintaining devices for such parts or their natural equivalents (e.g., stents), artificial eyes, and artificial ears. Subclass A61M provides for the following replacements or substitutes for internal body organs or their parts: artificial hearts, artificial livers, artificial ventilators, artificial pancreas, and artificial kidneys.

When a device or method covered by subclass A61M includes a separating process for body-liquids that utilizes chromatography, and features of general interest related to chromatography are usefully disclosed but not claimed, the features should also be non-obligatorily classified within group B01D 15/08.

The breakdown symbols (i.e. the non "parallel" or non "mirror" symbols) and "orthogonal" symbols are to be used for classifying the invention information (in addition to the invention symbols) in case the invention is insufficiently classified by an invention information symbol. They are also to be used for classifying the additional information. They are stored in the additional information field.

Suction-irrigation devices where the irrigation is described in detail should also be proposed for classification in A61M 3/00.

If gas treatment is described in detail, the documents should also be proposed for classification in A61M 35/00.

Only catheters specially adapted for suction drainage are classified in the relevant subgroups of A61M 1/00; for general aspects of catheters, the documents should also be proposed for classification in A61M 25/00.

In this main group, it is desirable to also allocate the indexing groups A61M 2202/00 - A61M 2250/00.

Apparatus for blood transfusion, for blood collection in view of transfusion and for treatment of collected blood in view of later transfusion

Either collection of blood in amounts interesting for transfusion (taking a sample for diagnosis would not fall under this) or treatment of collected blood in view of later transfusion is required for classification in this group.

Means for controlling the quantity of transfused blood combined with blood container shaking means]

Treatment of blood, after collection from a donor, for the purpose of being conserved.

Treatment of blood for the purpose of being introduced into a patient.

Separating stratified blood components.

Devices for treating pneumothorax (i.e. abnormal collection of gas in the pleural space) and devices for creating and treating a pneumostoma

The traditional cupping glasses, used in cupping therapy where a partial vacuum is created in cups placed on the skin either by means of heat or suction; the group contains also some similar devices which are used as poison extractors

Dialysis systems, artificial kidneys and blood oxygenators where treatment involves a semi-permeable membrane separating blood from dialysate in a dialyser and separating blood from oxygen in an oxygenator

Degasification of dialysates

Intracorporal (e.g. implanted) dialysis systems, artificial kidneys, blood oxygenators.

Sterilisation or cleaning before or after use of the dialysis device, artificial kidneys or blood oxygenators, this can be both the dialysate or the blood side of the device and is not limited to self-cleaning.

Sterilization or cleaning by heat, e.g. by steam

Dialysis systems where means are provided for detecting traces of blood in the dialysate, e.g. to detect the presence of a leak in the membrane

Dialysis systems, artificial kidneys and blood oxygenators which incorporate elements internal to the treatment module where the membrane is located which are moving (e.g. moving membranes)

Only used as an Indexing Code, documents are classified in B01D

contains also other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation

Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for haemofiltration, pheresis

Oxygenators without membranes e.g. bubble oxygenators

Combined dialysis (i.e. using dialysate) and haemofiltration (i.e. with considerable amounts of ultrafiltrate requiring substitution).

Fluidic circuits for the preparation of substitution fluids.

The fact that the circuits are fluidic does not exclude that they may be electrically controlled.

Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. haemofiltration, diafiltration, with treatment of the filtrate, e.g. by filtration, dialysis, absorption, chemical treatment, biological treatment, heating

Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation

Includes all blood circuits (e.g. also for dialysis, haemofiltration), single needle circuits excepted.

Blood level detectors and blood level control.

Degassing devices, buffer reservoirs, drip chambers, blood filters, these devices can be isolated but often some of them are combined in one device

Blood pressure control in the extracorporeal circuit of a blood treatment system and pressure transducers specially adapted therefor

Priming, rinsing before or after use of the extracorporeal blood circuit

Interfaces between the blood circulation of the patient and the extra-corporal blood circuit, e.g. mechanical interfaces such as adapted catheters, needles, cannulas, or electrical interfaces, e.g. electrodes for monitoring proper connection of the patient to the blood circuit

Circuit parts not covered by the preceeding subgroups of group A61M 1/3621 e.g. connectors, sensors and valves

Extra-corporeal blood circuits having means preventing coagulation of the blood, e.g. heparine infusion or anticoagulant coating or a geometrical configuration described as minimizing coagulation

Extra-corporeal blood circuits having means (e.g. chemical, in the blood) preventing coagulation of the blood, which means are thereafter deactivated (e.g. removed or neutralized so as not to compromise the health of the patient)

Extra-corporeal blood circuits whereby the blood is treated by absorption (the absorption of anticoagulants being classified in A61M 1/3675)

Extra-corporeal blood circuits in which the blood is treated by irradiation of any wavelength

Extra-corporeal blood circuits in which the blood is treated by chemical means

As distinction between absorption and chemical treatment is not always clear, the group A61M 1/3679 concerning blood treated by absorption means should be considered.

Hypo-, and hyperthermia devices; not intended for preservation nor for adapting to body temperature, but for treatments with intended irreversible results

Containers for suction drainage, adapted to be used with an external suction source. These containers are either connected permanently or connectable through a port to said external suction source which cannot be reasonably considered as being part of the container.

This group covers containers which are described as being usable in the context of medical suction drainage; they thus can be considered as being part of a suction device. Therefore, there is no contradiction with the definition of A61M 1/00. The containers do not need to be rigid but many of them are. The fluid does not have to pass through the vacuum source, but it can, in some cases. If a container has both external and integrated suction means, it should be classified in both A61M 1/60 and A61M 1/64 (or their relevant subgroups).

Systems for underwater drainage having a chamber functioning as a "water seal", which acts as a one-way valve allowing gas to escape, but not to re-enter, often called two- or three-bottle systems, e.g. for chest cavity drainage.

Containers for suction drainage comprising a bag in a rigid low-pressure chamber, with suction applied to the outside surface of the bag, where the container serves for collecting the aspirated material.

Containers for suction drainage having foreseen means for emptying the container, e.g. means for interrupting suction so that the container can be removed; pulsating suction is not considered as having interruptions in the sense of the present definition.

Containers with integrated suction means, i.e. being capable of applying suction without the use of an external suction source. Examples are: pre-evacuated containers (e.g. Redon-bottles) or containers having an electrical pump integrated into them as a compact device or containers having mechanical means creating suction such as a piston-type member or a flexible member (e.g. a bulb or a spring or bellows or a compressible elastic material such as a foam).

If a container has both integrated and external suction means, it should be classified in both A61M 1/64 and A61M 1/60 (or their relevant subgroups).

Drainage containers incorporating a piston-type member to create suction, e.g. syringes (thus not syringe pumps where the aspirated material is not entering the syringe barrel).

If the focus is clearly on the container, the document should be classified in A61M 1/67; if the focus is clearly on the pump, it should be classified in A61M 1/81 or A61M 1/815; otherwise, it should be classified in both places.

Containers incorporating a flexible member creating suction (thus not bulb or membrane pumps where the aspirated material is not collected inside the pump).

If the focus is clearly on the container, the document should be classified in A61M 1/68; if the focus is clearly on the pump, it should be classified in A61M 1/82; otherwise it should be classified in both places.

Drainage containers not being adapted for subjection to vacuum, e.g. bags.

Gravity drainage systems, i.e. where the drainage is actuated by gravity alone, without a pump.

Suction-drainage systems other than those qualifying as negative pressure wound therapy systems.

A suction drainage system generally has a suction means, a container and a drainage tube. If the focus is on the container, A61M 1/60 or A61M 1/64 or their subgroups should be used. If the focus is on the system, A61M 1/71 or subgroups should be used. If both are described with relevant details, both classifications should be given. If the vacuum source is at the same time the container receiving the drained liquid, then the device is not considered as a system but as a container under A61M 1/64.

Suction control aspects of suction drainage systems.

Intermittent or pulsating suction, whereby interrupting the suction for emptying the container or alternation between suction and irrigation is not considered as falling under the definition of intermittent suction.

Handpieces for suction drainage, these being the proximal part of the suction device which the surgeon holds in his hand to perform suction drainage, e.g. for controlling suction.

Suction-irrigation systems.

Handpieces for suction-irrigation systems, these being the proximal part of the device which the surgeon holds in his hand to perform suction-irrigation e.g. for controlling suction and/or irrigation.

Means for preventing overflow or contamination of the pumping systems.

Filters for solid matter (e.g. blood clots, bone fragments) for use in the context of medical drainage devices other than for dental use.

Suction pumps for medical purposes (except for the groups mentioned as taking precedence) where the pump mechanism is described in detail.

Tube strippers which are tools used for clearing the contents of the tubes.

Drainage tubes and aspiration tips which are related to suction means.

This is a subgroup to the group A61M 1/00; if no suction is involved, then the documents are not for A61M 1/84 either. However, this group is for documents where details of the drainage tubes or aspiration tips are described, even if no details of the suction are given.

Negative pressure wound therapy devices where the dressing part is described in relation to its suction transmission and/or distribution capacities.

Connectors between dressing and drainage tube. A dressing is often connected to an external vacuum source by some kind of connector. This is classified here if it presents specific details, e.g. concerning the particular mechanical configuration of the connection, its releasability, sealing aspects.

Containers used in negative pressure wound therapy.

If the container could be used in applications other than negative pressure wound therapy and is described in some detail it should be also classified in the relevant (sub)groups of A61M 1/60 or A61M 1/64.

Containers used in negative pressure wound therapy with means for detecting level of collected exudate.

If the container could be used in applications other than negative pressure wound therapy and is described in some detail, it should be also classified in the relevant (sub)groups of A61M 1/60 or A61M 1/64.

Containers used in negative pressure wound therapy which are portable on the body of the treated patient, e.g. attached to the body using a belt or straps or attached to the skin using an adhesive.

If the container could be used in applications other than negative pressure wound therapy and is described with some detail, it should be also classified in the relevant (sub)groups of A61M 1/60 or A61M 1/64.

Negative pressure wound therapy devices where there is no external collection container but the wound exudate is being retained inside the dressing itself. This can be achieved e.g. by the dressing comprising a (super)-absorbing material or by providing a compartment of the dressing which serves as a collection chamber.

If suction is created by the dressing itself, the documents should also be classified in the relevant subgroups of A61M 1/64.

Medical syringes used for irrigation, e.g. enemata as well as medical irrigators.

Irrigation systems when combined with suction means classified in A61M 3/00 if the focus of the invention information is on irrigation and in A61M 1/77, A61M 1/92 if the focus is on suction. In both cases an additional classification information in the other field may be given.

The breakdown codes and "orthogonal" indexing codes are to be used for classifying the invention information (in addition to the invention symbols) in case the invention is insufficiently classified by an invention information symbol. They are also to be used for classifying the additional information.

characteristics of the fluid: A61M 3/0204

before use: A61M 3/0208

after use: A61M 3/0212

pressure: A61M 3/0216

volume; flow rate: A61M 3/022

catheter holding devices see A61M 25/02

A61M 3/0279

colostomy with irrigation port see A61F 5/442

A61M 3/0283

This group does not cover devices whose main object is suctioning and which moreover have irrigation means, these are classified in A61M 1/85

A61M 3/0287

spraying on the skin: A61H 9/0028

surgical drapes with drain fluid collection means A61B 2046/236

splash shields for protection of the surgeon: A61B 90/05

glossary: splash shield

A61M 3/06

bidets in general see E03D 9/08

Cassettes for enemata or irrigators forming partially or totally the fluid circuit.

Irrigator cannulas with at least two inner passageways, a first one for irrigating and a second for evacuating.

Infusion devices (e.g. infusion by gravity, infusion pumps, infusion needles or flow control), syringes and details therefrom (e.g. automatic syringes, ampoules syringes, syringe cartridges, pistons or needles), means for preventing injection of air in body, means for desensitising skin, means for cooling or heating media to be infused, means for controlling depth of insertion.

Syringes can also be classified in other fields (A61J 1/00 - A61J 1/22, A61B 5/14, A61B 17/00 - A61B 17/921). General details of syringes (e.g. caps, constructional features, priming, valves, plugs, filling) can be classified in the subgroup A61M 5/31.

In group A61B 8/0891, the blood vessel is analysed for diagnosis purpose using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves. All couplings and connectors are classified in group A61M 39/00.

Cleaning or sterilising apparatuses for syringes or needles.

Infusion and injection devices with dedicated features relating to cleaning or sterilising syringes or needles comprised in the device.

Packaging which allows for sterilisation of enclosed devices.

Packaging must additionally be classified in group A61M 5/002 or subgroups.

Packaging, such as pouches, cases, containers for infusion and injection devices, which may be used for storage, transportation, sterilisation or during use of the device.

Sets comprising infusion or injection equipment used by a diabetic. Typically, these sets are comprised within a case.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Multiple needle magazines insertable into an infusion or injection device.

Magazines that allow for direct attachment of the needle to the infusion or injection device from the magazine.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

Multiple ampoule magazines insertable into an infusion or injection device.

Magazines that allow for direct attachment of the ampoule, cartridge or the like to the infusion or injection device from the magazine.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Devices or arrangements that relate to the infusion of gases in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way.

Apparatus with features particular to contrast media infusion.

Racks for injection devices, such as syringes or needles.

Syringe trays.

Racks such as support stands or equipment for holding usually several injection devices.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Infusion devices used to administer media (usually a liquid) to a patient, usually over a prolonged period of time, and from a reservoir that may be replaced during the infusion process.

Particular aspects related to the priming (i.e. initial filling) of an infusion device or arrangement.

Particular aspects related to flushing or purging of an infusion device or arrangement.Flushing may be performed to decontaminate a device or arrangement by using a saline fluid. Purging may be performed to get rid of air (or other undesired fluids) in an infusion device or arrangement.

Particular aspects related to particularly low flow rates that are employed to prevent closure of an infusion line or access site.

Particular aspects related to patient-controlled pain reduction devices or arrangements.

Particular aspects regarding the reduction or prevention of backflow in a catheter (i.e. in the infusion needle or infusion line).

Parallel infusion from parallel reservoirs, out of which also a sequential infusion may be administered by respective actuation of a sequencing valve or similar.

Serial infusion from a serial arrangement of reservoirs, in which one liquid usually flows into or passes through the other reservoir upon administration.

Infusion devices with capillary or a similar flow restrictor, having a significant flow resistance achieved by providing a conduit of small diameter and certain length (i.e. governed by the Hagen-Poiseuille law).

Drip chambers connected to an infusion source and that allow gas (such as air) to rise out from the infusion liquid so that it is not passed downstream. The liquid drips in the drip chamber usually allow an estimate of the rate at which the liquid is administered.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Infusion burettes similar in shape and function to a drip chamber, but are specially designed to administer a measured volume. They usually comprise a scale and additional flow control means, such as a drip control or a valve.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a burette (30) provided with a scale to allow the user to determine the administered volume.

Devices comprising sub-components or sub-units and providing dedicated features relating to its modular structure, such as being exchangeable or assembled in different combinations or configurations.

Gravity-driven infusion arrangements comprising, for example, infusion bags or similar hung-up containers.

Means to hang any kind of gravity-driven infusion source at a certain height required for the infusion.

Other means to provide infusion accessories, such as tubes, valves or flow controllers.

Any support placed or attached to the body of the patient.

The actual device supporting the infusion bag or container.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Means for attaching or arranging one or several tubes to each other or to other devices.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Infusion devices that generate a force or pressure on the infusion fluid (such as pumps).

The force or pressure for infusion is generated by an electrochemical reaction.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates an electro-osmotic pumping by means of an (additional) drive fluid (20) acting via membrane (32) on the infusion fluid.

Particular aspects of infusion devices that are provided by software implemented features.

Attention is drawn to the group G16H 20/17 for therapies or health-improving plans delivered via infusion or injection where classification should also be considered.

Pumps that aspirate (draw) a fluid into a pump chamber and expel it in contrast to pumps solely expelling a fluid form a reservoir, such as a syringe pump.

Pumps comprising a reciprocating piston not only moving in one direction.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a pump comprising piston (214b) moving "up and down" to produce a unidirectional fluid flow via valves (212a, 212b).

Pumps in which the infusion fluid is pumped alternately on both sides of the piston.

Multiple pistons are provided in the pump.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a piston (12) which displaces fluid when moved in the directions indicated by the arrow.

The pump pressurising or moving the fluid through use of a flexible diaphragm (membrane).

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a force being generated in chamber 550, which acts on the infusion fluid (122) via diaphragm (125).

Infusion pumps in which the infusion fluid is moved by sequential pressurisation, usually by finger-like or solenoid actuators acting perpendicular to the flow direction.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates solenoids (1,2) and (1,3) which act upon fluid line (4). In this particular example, the solenoids (1,2) act more like valves than true peristaltic fingers.

Rotational peristaltic pumps in which roller elements move along the flow direction are classified in subgroup A61M 5/14232.

Infusion pumps in which the infusion fluid is moved by pressurisation of the fluid line by roller elements which move along the flow direction.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a disc (5) which rotates (as indicated by the arrow) such that the rollers (7) and (8) act upon the flow line (3) to push liquid in the indicated direction.

Pumps in which the fluid moving force is applied by a rotation, usually by means of a rotating element within the fluid path.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Infusion devices in which the fluid driving force is generated by a user.

Also, for manual pumping which only relates to a bolus dose mechanism.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a roller pump (100) equipped with a hand crank (110).

Infusion devices intended to be carried by the patient on the body, attached to clothes or carried in a pouch (or similar).

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Infusion devices adhered to the skin of the user and commonly referred to as patch pumps.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a pump (100) which is adhered to the skin of the user.

Patch pumps comprising a mechanism for inserting a needle or cannula.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a pump provided with a button (300) which when pressed actuates a mechanism that inserts needle (230) into the skin of the patient.

If the needle is extracted or enclosed after use, classification should also be made in group A61M 2005/1426.

Patch pumps in which the needle is enclosed after use. Usually, the needle will be extracted from a patient so that it moves back into the delivery device.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates needle (140) which is retracted after use and is additionally covered by cap (230).

Wearable pumps with means to compensate for external influences.

Examples of external influences are atmospheric pressure variations (on the reservoir) or change in time when a user moves between different time zones.

A wearable pump comprising sub-units (such as a reservoir unit and a pump unit). Usually, the units that are in contact with the medical fluid are disposed after use, whereas units comprising drive and electronic means can be re-used.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Pump devices worn by a user on or close to the skin, and which (often automatically) provide a medical fluid either in an emergency situation or upon user actuation.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a user self-administering an infusion or injection upon pulling tab (111).

Infusion devices which will be implanted in the body of a user.

For implanted devices in which a drug is administered by other means (such as dilution) or for pills that are swallowed, group A61M 31/002 should be considered.

Only implantable drug expelling devices that administer a fluid by means of a pump mechanism (as defined in the A61M 5/14 range) should be classified here.

Pump devices classified here often also qualify as injection devices. Therefore, respective injection groups (for example group A61M 5/20) should be given where appropriate.

Implanted infusion devices in which the pump force is generated by a user.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a user pressing with a finger (51) on the skin close to the implanted device thereby generating a pumping movement of the piston-like element (31).

Implantable pumps with means to move and extend an infusion needle from the device.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Infusion devices, or related assemblies and arrangements, for simulating an infusion or injection. Training devices are also classified here.

Information and computer technology with the purpose of determining or planning optimal infusion parameters (such as time or dose) or the logistical distribution of medical infusion fluids.

Aspects relating to or taking into account the pharmacological effect of the administered fluid (such as by providing an algorithm that accounts for individual drug sensitivity).

Infusion devices in which the reservoir is subject to a permanent positive pressure.

If the expelling force to the fluid is provided by a piston, group A61M 5/1452 and its subgroups should be given.

Pumps with an aspiration and expulsion stroke are classified under group A61M 5/14212.

Infusion devices in which the fluid expelling force is stored and provided by mechanical means, such as a spring.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

If the expelling force to the fluid is provided by a piston sealing and moving relative to the reservoir, group A61M 5/1454 should be given instead.

Infusion devices in which the fluid expelling force is conveyed (or generated) by an additional fluid.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a fluid (5) being expelled from a flexible reservoir (4) via second fluid (7).

Infusion devices in which the fluid pressurising or moving force is conveyed by a movable piston, which also seals the reservoir.

Infusion devices in which the piston is pressurised or moved by an additional fluid.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a secondary fluid (3) passing through flow constriction (5) in order to move piston (9) and expel a medicament fluid (7).

Rotary motion translated into linear piston movement by cam means.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a cam (158) which rotates and pressurises a fluid (132) via piston (151).

Infusion devices in which a piston is pressurised or moved by a spring force.

Infusion devices in which a syringe is attached on a front portion.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a high-pressure infusion device for contrast media.

High-pressure (front loading) injectors in which the syringe barrel is provided with a skirt (to cope with the elevated injection pressure).

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a pressure jacket (88) enclosing syringe (22').

Conventional syringe pumps.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a syringe (12) comprising a plunger (18) mounted on a syringe pump which is used to set the infusion administration parameters and control the movement of the plunger actuation head (14).

Pump devices with an integrated piston rod, the pump receiving a replaceable reservoir comprising a movable piston.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a pump comprising a plunger (not visible in the drawing), which moves the piston (22) to expel a medicament from vial (2).

Features of the connection between a replaceable reservoir and the pump unit, which usually allow for quick or improved connection.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a gearing mechanism (16) on the proximal end of the vial (12) which allows for quick connection to the drive mechanism of the pump device (10).

Means for retain the flange of the plunger (to prevent a siphoning movement) in which the plunger loses contact with a plunger driver.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates arms (56) for holding and retaining flange (48) in contact with surface (70).

Pressurised reservoirs in which the pressurising force is conveyed through a flexible diaphragm. For example, a pump chamber pressurised by a flexible diaphragm that is acted upon by a driving piston. (The diaphragm is sometimes termed membrane).

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

a.

b.

The Figure illustrates a reservoir (160) which is enclosed by flexible diaphragm (164).

If the entire pump chamber (reservoir) is made of flexible diaphragms (i.e. a bag type container), classification should only be in group A61M 5/148, as this group is more specific.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a medicament reservoir (240) where force is applied by a diaphragm (214) that is acted upon by another fluid (216). The diaphragm is sometimes referred to as a membrane.

The entire reservoir is formed by a flexible bag or bellows.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The reservoir is pressurised by a fluid acting externally on the reservoir.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The reservoir being pressurised and essentially enclosed by a fluid outside of the reservoir.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The reservoir content is pressurised by an elastic wall of the reservoir.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The medicament fluid pressurised by gas introduced directly into the reservoir and acting directly on the medicament fluid.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Body piercing needles and devices with body piercing needles, with infusion specific features. These needles are either part of or attachable to an infusion set (also called needle set). The needle usually stays in the body for a prolonged period (in contrast to an injection procedure, see also below).

This place also applies to infusion cannulas inserted by means of a (rigid) body piercing needle and infusion catheters with infusion specific features as specified in the respective subgroups.

Infusion catheters are usually longer than infusion cannulas, but nomenclature in this field is often not consistent.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Catheters are classified in group A61M 25/00. A catheter used for infusions is usually inserted with a guidewire and provides an infusion distant from the piercing site.

Devices with body piercing needle for injection (syringes and related devices) are classified in group A61M 5/32 and its subgroups.

Devices comprising a needle that is bent at a right angle.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Devices for extracting or de-attaching needles and their respective base from the patient's body.

This also applies to needle retracting mechanisms arranged in infusion sets or skin adhering patch pumps.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Mechanisms for needle introduction.

Devices for inserting a needle into the body. The needle may be inserted alone or carry a cannula that will remain in the body.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a mechanism for allowing a user to provide an insertion force to needle set (24).

Means for attaching the infusion needle to the patient's skin. The needle may include attached infusion tubing.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Features of an infusion set which relate to the fluid line and its connection to a fluid source.

Needles structurally suitable for being connected to an infusion line.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Infusion needles (including those found on infusion sets) with any kind of sensing, controlling or inspection means to detect, control or just visualise normal or irregular function.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Needle sets with a spike or spike-like proximal connection component for connection of the infusion line to a fluid supply component, such as an infusion bag.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates the spike (14) of a needle set for proximal connection.

Classification in this place should only be given for features relating to the proximal connection component.

Venting means usually provided in or in combination with the needle set to avoid under-pressure in an infusion bottle.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a filter element (A) which allows air to enter the infusion container (1) while at the same time preventing the liquid contents from escaping.

All types of needle cover for infusion devices, including those on the distal side of an infusion set.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 illustrates a cover (33) for spike (11) which is intended for insertion into an infusion bag.

2.

Figure 2 illustrates a proximal connector (262a) which also functions as a protector for the distal needle (13).

3.

Filters used in or in combination with infusion equipment for filtering an infusion liquid or air which enters an infusion reservoir.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 illustrates a drip chamber comprising a filter membrane (90).

2.

Figure 2 illustrates a filter arrangement that can be used in a drip chamber (as illustrated in Figure 1 above).

Devices for setting or controlling a flow rate with or without pumping means. Functional aspects relating to the flow rate control in pumping devices.

Devices either with or without fluid pumping means for administering a fluid to a patient at an actively controlled flow rate. The devices typically comprise means for setting a flow rate, as well as additional means to dynamically control, i.e. alter, the flow rate.

Where the administration solely consists of setting a flow rate, e.g. with a passive valve mechanism for sustaining a desired flow rate, group A61M 5/16877 should be allocated.

Devices having an intermediate volume such as dosing chamber of constant or variable volume.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure a. illustrates a device (40) with passively movable piston (44) filled from pressurised reservoir (20). The infusion is controlled by selective actuation of valves (50a and 50b).

Figure b. illustrates a movable piston (44) being actuated by valve (50b) to supply pressure toward valve (50a).

Figure c. illustrates a movable piston (44) being actuated by valve (50a) to supply pressure toward valve (50b).

Flow controllers in which the flow resistance is altered by changing the cross section of the flow line. This may be done gradually to provide a defined resistance, or by temporary closing (and opening) a valve element to provide the desired flow rate.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates how the system controller generates a signal based on the reading of the flow volume sensor (14) to open and close the constricting unit (15) to obtain a desired flow rate.

Devices with means for adjusting or changing a height of a reservoir or intermediate volume.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Devices in which a flow rate is determined by means of the air pressure in the reservoir means, which is in turn controlled by venting means allowing air to enter the reservoir.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

Adjusting or controlling the flow from different reservoirs to the patient.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Sensing means located on or proximate to the infusion site and detecting tissue related anomalies, such as fluid leakage or extravasation.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Means or functional aspects relating to the determination of the fluid volume remaining in a reservoir.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The determination of the fluid volume in the reservoir by a weight measurement, such as a scale.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Detection of the position of a member floating or located on the surface of the fluid in the reservoir or an intermediate chamber in the flow line.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Means for sensing a pressure in the infusion arrangement to detect flow anomalies.

Means for sensing a pressure response to a dedicated excitation signal, such as a pressure pulse.

Means for sensing an occlusion in the infusion arrangement.

Devices for setting a flow rate of a fluid administration to a patient within the fluid line, e.g. valve means with adjustable or interchangeable cross section for setting the degree of the opening of the flow line.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a device for setting a flow rate by rotation of part (210). This causes the concomitant rotation of disc (220) which is provided with a plurality of flow restriction apertures or holes (222) of different diameters.

hen the device comprises an active control means for flow rate manipulation, group A61M 5/16804 (or the appropriate subgroups thereof) should be allocated.

Flow setting means comprising a valve that self-regulates the flow to sustain the set flow rate. For example, the valve may have a membrane which is subject to fluid pressure and regulates the flow by providing a pressure dependent flow resistance.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a pressurised administration fluid opening a valve (190) by acting against a spring force which provides a certain flow resistance during administration.

Means or functional aspects relating to the measurement of a flow rate.

Measurement means which measure a flow rate or flow volume by counting drops.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates an arrangement in which drops are counted by optical detection using a camera (21).

Devices which measure a change in weight (e.g. of the infusion container) to determine a resulting flow rate.

Group A61M 5/16895 should be given in cases where a determination of remaining fluid volume in the reservoir is involved. Group A61M 5/1684 is used to determine the fluid flow rate.

Means or functional aspects relating to the sensing of patient specific parameters, and using them to control the infusion device.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Sensing elements either located on the infusion cannula, the infusion device or particularly close to the infusion site on the patient body.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates a needle set (150) which comprises an injection cannula (170) and a sensing probe (160).

Devices used to fill or refill the syringe during use (of the syringe, i.e. in situ).

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 illustrates a syringe (131) which can be refilled from reservoir (133) by means of valve element (134).

2.

Figure 2 illustrates a syringe injector (1140) which is replenished from an infusion bag (1120).

Syringes having a radioactive shielding either inherently (e.g. shielding material incorporated in the syringe barrel) or associated with the syringe (e.g. a separate shielding means attached to or covering the syringe).

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure a. illustrates a syringe (24) with a separate shield (1) that is attachable to the syringe (24).

Figure b. illustrates the separate shield (1) detached from the syringe (24).

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The Figure illustrates fluid (24) being dispensed via valve means in plunger (22).

Syringes having more than one chamber. This also includes a manifold coupling two (e.g. parallelly aligned) syringes through separate channels to a common discharge assembly.

Syringes or injectors having a fully or semi-automatic drive means for causing ejection of the drug.

Different aspects of such automatic syringes or injectors such as triggering of the discharging means or cocking means not covered in other groups.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 illustrates a motorised handheld injector.

2.

Figure 2 illustrates an injector with an actuation mechanism driven by a spring (120).

Group A61M 5/20 is directed to actuation related aspects and is usually allocated together with groups A61M 5/24 or A61M 5/28.

Group A61M 5/24 and its subgroups relate to cartridge or container aspects of a syringe or injector.

Group A61M 5/28 relates to ampoule specific features.

Injectors in which discharging is triggered by pushing the injector against the injection site. No further user action is required.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

If a further user action in addition to pushing injector against the injection site is required in order to dispense the drug (e.g. actuation of a trigger button), group A61M 2005/208 should also be allocated.

Means to retain drive means of the syringe or injector in a biased (cocked) position, provided either in the device or being attachable to the device.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Syringes or injectors in which the drive element (plunger) is not solely triggered, but manually advanced while receiving a supporting force by a drive means (such as a spring). The required actuation force is thus reduced, e.g. to aid users with reduced dexterity.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Syringes or injectors which fully provide the dispensing force are classified in group A61M 5/2033.

Syringes or injectors with a biasing means (usually spring) to fully provide the dispensing force. The user only triggers (i.e. releases) the biased drive means without providing additional (manual) force.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Syringes or injectors in which the drive element (plunger) is not solely triggered, but manually advanced while receiving a supporting force by a drive means (such as a spring) are classified in group A61M 2005/2026.

Syringes or injectors in which the driving force for expelling the drug (e.g. the force for driving a plunger) is caused by a generation of gas resulting from a chemical reaction, e.g. by an explosive charge of a liquid or solid substance which when ignited is instantaneously vaporised causing an instant volume expansion.

Syringes or injectors in which the driving force for expelling the drug (e.g. the force for driving a plunger) is conveyed by a pressurised fluid (a gas or a liquid) provided within or fed to the injector, are classified in group A61M 5/2053.

Syringes or injectors in which the driving force for expelling the drug (e.g. the force for driving a plunger) is conveyed by a pressurised fluid (a gas or a liquid) provided within or fed to the injector.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1a.

1b.

2.

Syringes or injectors in which the driving force for expelling the drug (e.g. the force for driving a plunger) is caused by a generation of gas resulting from a chemical reaction, e.g. by an explosive charge of a liquid or solid substance, which when ignited is instantaneously vaporised causing an instant volume expansion, are classified in group A61M 5/2046.

Automatic needle inserters which move the needle in relation to the body of the injection device.

Automatic syringes or injectors (e.g. epinephrine autoinjectors) for injecting two or more media (drugs, flushing agents, solvents) either sequentially or as mixture.

If the piston (or piston rod) comprises means for mixing of the two or more substances, group A61M 5/31596 should also be allocated.

If a needle or cannula comprises means for mixing two or more substances, group A61M 5/3294 should also be allocated.

Syringes or injectors in which the trigger (e.g. firing button) is initially blocked and only released by pushing the injector against the injection site.

The dispensing, however, does not happen automatically but has to be triggered by the user (e.g. pressing a firing button).

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Syringes or injectors with a replaceable cartridge.

Group A61M 5/24 and its subgroups relate to cartridge or container aspects of a syringe or injector. Actuation-related aspects should be classified in group A61M 5/20.

Syringes or injectors with one or more replaceable cartridges for injecting two (or more) media (drugs, flushing agents, solvents) either sequentially or by mixing.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

If the piston (or piston rod) comprises means for mixing of the two or more substances, group A61M 5/31596 should also be allocated.

If a needle or cannula comprises means for mixing two or more substances, group A61M 5/3294 should also be allocated.

Drug containers (such as cartridges or ampoules) which comprise a (non-detachable) needle, as well as injectors comprising such a syringe ampoule.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

This group and its subgroups relate to ampoule specific features. For automatic injectors comprising such syringe ampoules, group A61M 5/20 and its subgroups are allocated for actuation-related features.

Syringe ampoules for injecting two (or more) media (e.g. drugs, flushing agents, solvents) either sequentially or by mixing.

If the piston (or piston rod) comprises means for mixing two or more substances, group A61M 5/31596 should also be allocated.

If a needle or cannula comprises means for mixing two or more substances, group A61M 5/3294 should also be allocated.

Syringes or injectors that can be carried on the user's body, e.g. by means of straps or a patch.

Syringes or injectors classified here are used for a single (emergency) injection or for multiple, separate single-injection shots, each shot triggered by a user. In contrast, skin patch-type pumps, group A61M 5/14248, cover the details of the dosage delivery and the timing thereof over a longer period of time and autonomously manage dosing regimen.

Devices for preventing leakage, i.e. spilling of the liquid drug, from the distal end of the syringe, such as caps or plugs.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Devices or arrangements for preventing the content of a syringe from becoming contaminated and which extend beyond merely sealing the syringe compartment. Examples are filters or caps comprising a disinfectant.

Means for simply sealing the distal end of the syringe without any other contamination prevention should only be classified in group A61M 2005/3103.

Syringe barrels having special means or properties in order to improve sliding of the piston, such as coatings (e.g. silicon oil) or barrel materials that exhibit specific surface properties (e.g. a specific roughness).

Syringes with special features at its plunger receiving end. Examples are plunger engaging radial protrusions or specific proximal internal barrel shape.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Specially designed finger grips (usually also on the proximal end of a syringe) are classified under group A61M 5/3137.

Features relating to the finger grip means of the syringe barrel, independent of whether said finger grip means is positioned on the distal or the proximal end of the syringe barrel.

Injectors which might be equipped with a dial for setting a dose or not, but which are limited to deliver only a single stroke. No further stroke or injection can be performed once a first injection shot has been done.

Drive mechanisms for driving the plunger rod into the drug container with an axially moving drive element directly contacting the plunger rod.

User operated actuators moving axially, i.e. in line with or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the injector and the piston rod.

Pivoting or rotating actuators, i.e. actuators moving in a circular way with respect to the injector.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Drive mechanisms for driving the piston rod into the drug container with a rotationally moving drive element directly contacting the piston rod (e.g. the piston rod being driven by worm or rack and pinion gear).

Actuators moving axially, i.e. in line with or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the injector and the piston rod.

Pivoting or rotating actuators, i.e. actuators moving in a circular way with respect to the injector.

Needles and specific needle accessories for use with syringes or injection devices. Needle accessories are devices or arrangements for providing needle related functions, such as needle shields, needle caps, needle shield removers, needle inserters.

Subgroups also relate to constructional features of the needle tip, the needle shaft and of the connection between needle and needle hub.

Devices for covering a needle prior to its designated use, such as caps being removed from the needle before use and discarded.

Devices (e.g. caps) having a secondary function besides merely protecting the needle.

Examples of such a secondary function are:

Devices or arrangements for protecting a user from contacting a used needle, i.e. to prevent infection of the user through needle pricking.

Exemplary devices or arrangements are axially extensible needle covers, or caps that are placed over the needle after its use.

Protective sleeves, i.e. needle shields, coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel with a special safety feature (that prevents re-use of the syringe or injector). When the protective sleeve is removed from the syringe barrel, e.g. by pulling the sleeve off the barrel distally or by snapping it off the syringe barrel by bending, it takes the needle hub and the needle with it, i.e. it disconnects the needle hub from the syringe barrel.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1a.

1b.

2a.

2b.

Protective needle sleeves that require a deliberate user action to extend after injector use (in contrast to a fully automatic sleeve extension upon removal).

Protective needle sleeves extending automatically and without any specific user interaction upon removal of the syringe or injector from the injection site.

Protective needle sleeves that are biased in axial direction (usually by means of a spring) toward the needle covering position.

Accessories helping the user to insert the needle more easily or more accurately.

Desensitising the skin, e.g. by cooling the skin or by applying an analgesic in order to reduce algesia or sensitivity.

Baths are also classified in A61H 35/00 and A61H 33/00

Sprayers or atomisers of liquid, e.g. medication, water for humidification

Also contains nebulizers.

The "subdivision" Indexing Code symbols (i.e. the non "parallel" Indexing Code symbols) are used for classifying as well the invention information as the additional information. They are stored only in the additional information field". The "orthogonal" Indexing Code symbols are also used.

Devices with positive air pressure.