1. CPC Sections
  2. CPC Section G
  3. CPC Class G10
  4. CPC Subclass G10L
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Version: 2024.08
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CPC
COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION
​​
G10L
SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING [2024-01]
NOTE

  • This subclass does not cover:
    • devices for the storage of speech or audio signals, which are covered by subclasses G11B and G11C;
    • encoding of compressed speech signals for transmission or storage, which is covered by group H03M 7/30.
WARNING

  • In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.
G10L 13/00
Speech synthesis; Text to speech systems [2013-01]
G10L 13/02
.
Methods for producing synthetic speech; Speech synthesisers [2013-01]
G10L 2013/021
. .
{Overlap-add techniques} [2013-01]
G10L 13/027
. .
Concept to speech synthesisers; Generation of natural phrases from machine-based concepts (generation of parameters for speech synthesis out of text G10L 13/08) [2013-01]
G10L 13/033
. .
Voice editing, e.g. manipulating the voice of the synthesiser [2013-01]
G10L 13/0335
. . .
{Pitch control} [2013-01]
G10L 13/04
. .
Details of speech synthesis systems, e.g. synthesiser structure or memory management [2013-01]
G10L 13/047
. . .
Architecture of speech synthesisers [2013-01]
G10L 13/06
.
Elementary speech units used in speech synthesisers; Concatenation rules [2013-01]
G10L 13/07
. .
Concatenation rules [2013-01]
G10L 13/08
.
Text analysis or generation of parameters for speech synthesis out of text, e.g. grapheme to phoneme translation, prosody generation or stress or intonation determination [2013-01]
G10L 2013/083
. .
{Special characters, e.g. punctuation marks} [2013-01]
G10L 13/086
. .
{Detection of language} [2013-01]
G10L 13/10
. .
Prosody rules derived from text; Stress or intonation [2013-01]
G10L 2013/105
. . .
{Duration} [2013-01]
G10L 15/00
Speech recognition (G10L 17/00 takes precedence) [2013-01]
G10L 15/005
.
{Language recognition} [2013-01]
G10L 15/01
.
Assessment or evaluation of speech recognition systems [2013-01]
G10L 15/02
.
Feature extraction for speech recognition; Selection of recognition unit [2013-01]
G10L 2015/022
. .
{Demisyllables, biphones or triphones being the recognition units} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/025
. .
{Phonemes, fenemes or fenones being the recognition units} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/027
. .
{Syllables being the recognition units} [2013-01]
G10L 15/04
.
Segmentation; Word boundary detection [2013-01]
G10L 15/05
. .
Word boundary detection [2013-01]
G10L 15/06
.
Creation of reference templates; Training of speech recognition systems, e.g. adaptation to the characteristics of the speaker's voice (G10L 15/14 takes precedence) [2013-01]
G10L 15/063
. .
{Training} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/0631
. . .
{Creating reference templates; Clustering} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/0633
. . . .
{using lexical or orthographic knowledge sources} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/0635
. . .
{updating or merging of old and new templates; Mean values; Weighting} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/0636
. . . .
{Threshold criteria for the updating} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/0638
. . .
{Interactive procedures} [2013-01]
G10L 15/065
. .
Adaptation [2013-01]
G10L 15/07
. . .
to the speaker [2013-01]
G10L 15/075
. . . .
{supervised, i.e. under machine guidance} [2013-01]
G10L 15/08
.
Speech classification or search [2013-01]
G10L 2015/081
. .
{Search algorithms, e.g. Baum-Welch or Viterbi} [2013-01]
G10L 15/083
. .
{Recognition networks (G10L 15/142, G10L 15/16 take precedence)} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/085
. .
{Methods for reducing search complexity, pruning} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/086
. .
{Recognition of spelled words} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/088
. .
{Word spotting} [2013-01]
G10L 15/10
. .
using distance or distortion measures between unknown speech and reference templates [2013-01]
G10L 15/12
. .
using dynamic programming techniques, e.g. dynamic time warping [DTW] [2013-01]
G10L 15/14
. .
using statistical models, e.g. Hidden Markov Models [HMMs] (G10L 15/18 takes precedence) [2017-08]
G10L 15/142
. . .
{Hidden Markov Models [HMMs]} [2013-01]
G10L 15/144
. . . .
{Training of HMMs} [2013-01]
G10L 15/146
. . . . .
{with insufficient amount of training data, e.g. state sharing, tying, deleted interpolation} [2013-01]
G10L 15/148
. . . .
{Duration modelling in HMMs, e.g. semi HMM, segmental models or transition probabilities} [2013-01]
G10L 15/16
. .
using artificial neural networks [2013-01]
G10L 15/18
. .
using natural language modelling [2013-01]
G10L 15/1807
. . .
{using prosody or stress} [2013-01]
G10L 15/1815
. . .
{Semantic context, e.g. disambiguation of the recognition hypotheses based on word meaning} [2013-01]
G10L 15/1822
. . .
{Parsing for meaning understanding} [2013-01]
G10L 15/183
. . .
using context dependencies, e.g. language models [2013-01]
G10L 15/187
. . . .
Phonemic context, e.g. pronunciation rules, phonotactical constraints or phoneme n-grams [2013-01]
G10L 15/19
. . . .
Grammatical context, e.g. disambiguation of the recognition hypotheses based on word sequence rules [2013-01]
G10L 15/193
. . . . .
Formal grammars, e.g. finite state automata, context free grammars or word networks [2013-01]
G10L 15/197
. . . . .
Probabilistic grammars, e.g. word n-grams [2013-01]
G10L 15/20
.
Speech recognition techniques specially adapted for robustness in adverse environments, e.g. in noise, of stress induced speech (G10L 21/02 takes precedence) [2013-01]
G10L 15/22
.
Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue [2013-01]
G10L 2015/221
. .
{Announcement of recognition results} [2013-01]
G10L 15/222
. .
{Barge in, i.e. overridable guidance for interrupting prompts} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/223
. .
{Execution procedure of a spoken command} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/225
. .
{Feedback of the input speech} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/226
. .
{using non-speech characteristics} [2020-08]
G10L 2015/227
. . .
{of the speaker; Human-factor methodology} [2013-01]
G10L 2015/228
. . .
{of application context} [2013-01]
G10L 15/24
.
Speech recognition using non-acoustical features [2013-01]
G10L 15/25
. .
using position of the lips, movement of the lips or face analysis [2013-01]
G10L 15/26
.
Speech to text systems (G10L 15/08 takes precedence) [2013-01]
G10L 15/28
.
Constructional details of speech recognition systems [2013-01]
G10L 15/285
. .
{Memory allocation or algorithm optimisation to reduce hardware requirements} [2013-01]
G10L 15/30
. .
Distributed recognition, e.g. in client-server systems, for mobile phones or network applications [2013-01]
G10L 15/32
. .
Multiple recognisers used in sequence or in parallel; Score combination systems therefor, e.g. voting systems [2013-01]
G10L 15/34
. .
Adaptation of a single recogniser for parallel processing, e.g. by use of multiple processors or cloud computing [2013-01]
G10L 17/00
Speaker identification or verification techniques [2024-01]
G10L 17/02
.
Preprocessing operations, e.g. segment selection; Pattern representation or modelling, e.g. based on linear discriminant analysis [LDA] or principal components; Feature selection or extraction [2013-01]
G10L 17/04
.
Training, enrolment or model building [2013-01]
G10L 17/06
.
Decision making techniques; Pattern matching strategies [2013-01]
G10L 17/08
. .
Use of distortion metrics or a particular distance between probe pattern and reference templates [2013-01]
G10L 17/10
. .
Multimodal systems, i.e. based on the integration of multiple recognition engines or fusion of expert systems [2013-01]
G10L 17/12
. .
Score normalisation [2013-01]
G10L 17/14
. .
Use of phonemic categorisation or speech recognition prior to speaker recognition or verification [2013-01]
G10L 17/16
.
Hidden Markov models [HMM] [2023-02]
G10L 17/18
.
Artificial neural networks; Connectionist approaches [2013-01]
G10L 17/20
.
Pattern transformations or operations aimed at increasing system robustness, e.g. against channel noise or different working conditions [2013-01]
G10L 17/22
.
Interactive procedures; Man-machine interfaces [2013-01]
G10L 17/24
. .
the user being prompted to utter a password or a predefined phrase [2013-01]
G10L 17/26
.
Recognition of special voice characteristics, e.g. for use in lie detectors; Recognition of animal voices [2013-01]
G10L 19/00
Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis (in musical instruments G10H) [2017-08]
G10L 2019/0001
.
{Codebooks} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0002
. .
{Codebook adaptations} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0003
. .
{Backward prediction of gain} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0004
. .
{Design or structure of the codebook} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0005
. . .
{Multi-stage vector quantisation} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0006
. . .
{Tree or treillis structures; Delayed decisions} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0007
. .
{Codebook element generation} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0008
. . .
{Algebraic codebooks} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0009
. . .
{Orthogonal codebooks} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/001
. . .
{Interpolation of codebook vectors} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0011
. .
{Long term prediction filters, i.e. pitch estimation} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0012
. .
{Smoothing of parameters of the decoder interpolation} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0013
. .
{Codebook search algorithms} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0014
. . .
{Selection criteria for distances} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0015
. . .
{Viterbi algorithms} [2013-01]
G10L 2019/0016
. .
{Codebook for LPC parameters} [2013-01]
G10L 19/0017
.
{Lossless audio signal coding; Perfect reconstruction of coded audio signal by transmission of coding error (G10L 19/24 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
G10L 19/0018
.
{Speech coding using phonetic or linguistical decoding of the source; Reconstruction using text-to-speech synthesis} [2013-01]
G10L 19/002
.
Dynamic bit allocation (for perceptual audio coders G10L 19/032) [2013-01]
G10L 19/005
.
Correction of errors induced by the transmission channel, if related to the coding algorithm [2013-01]
G10L 19/008
.
Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing [2020-08]
G10L 19/012
.
Comfort noise or silence coding [2013-01]
G10L 19/018
.
Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal [2013-01]
G10L 19/02
.
using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders [2013-01]
G10L 19/0204
. .
{using subband decomposition} [2013-01]
G10L 19/0208
. . .
{Subband vocoders} [2013-01]
G10L 19/0212
. .
{using orthogonal transformation} [2013-01]
G10L 19/0216
. . .
{using wavelet decomposition} [2013-01]
G10L 19/022
. .
Blocking, i.e. grouping of samples in time; Choice of analysis windows; Overlap factoring [2013-01]
G10L 19/025
. . .
Detection of transients or attacks for time/frequency resolution switching [2013-01]
G10L 19/028
. .
Noise substitution, i.e. substituting non-tonal spectral components by noisy source (comfort noise for discontinuous speech transmission G10L 19/012) [2013-01]
G10L 19/03
. .
Spectral prediction for preventing pre-echo; Temporary noise shaping [TNS], e.g. in MPEG2 or MPEG4 [2013-01]
G10L 19/032
. .
Quantisation or dequantisation of spectral components [2013-01]
G10L 19/035
. . .
Scalar quantisation [2013-01]
G10L 19/038
. . .
Vector quantisation, e.g. TwinVQ audio [2013-01]
G10L 19/04
.
using predictive techniques [2013-01]
G10L 19/06
. .
Determination or coding of the spectral characteristics, e.g. of the short-term prediction coefficients [2013-01]
G10L 19/07
. . .
Line spectrum pair [LSP] vocoders [2013-01]
G10L 19/08
. .
Determination or coding of the excitation function; Determination or coding of the long-term prediction parameters [2013-01]
G10L 19/083
. . .
the excitation function being an excitation gain (G10L 25/90 takes precedence) [2013-01]
G10L 19/087
. . .
using mixed excitation models, e.g. MELP, MBE, split band LPC or HVXC [2013-01]
G10L 19/09
. . .
Long term prediction, i.e. removing periodical redundancies, e.g. by using adaptive codebook or pitch predictor [2013-01]
G10L 19/093
. . .
using sinusoidal excitation models [2013-01]
G10L 19/097
. . .
using prototype waveform decomposition or prototype waveform interpolative [PWI] coders [2013-01]
G10L 19/10
. . .
the excitation function being a multipulse excitation [2013-01]
G10L 19/107
. . . .
Sparse pulse excitation, e.g. by using algebraic codebook [2013-01]
G10L 19/113
. . . .
Regular pulse excitation [2013-01]
G10L 19/12
. . .
the excitation function being a code excitation, e.g. in code excited linear prediction [CELP] vocoders [2013-01]
G10L 19/125
. . . .
Pitch excitation, e.g. pitch synchronous innovation CELP [PSI-CELP] [2013-01]
G10L 19/13
. . . .
Residual excited linear prediction [RELP] [2013-01]
G10L 19/135
. . . .
Vector sum excited linear prediction [VSELP] [2013-01]
G10L 19/16
. .
Vocoder architecture [2013-01]
G10L 19/167
. . .
{Audio streaming, i.e. formatting and decoding of an encoded audio signal representation into a data stream for transmission or storage purposes} [2013-01]
G10L 19/173
. . .
{Transcoding, i.e. converting between two coded representations avoiding cascaded coding-decoding} [2013-01]
G10L 19/18
. . .
Vocoders using multiple modes [2013-01]
G10L 19/20
. . . .
using sound class specific coding, hybrid encoders or object based coding [2013-01]
G10L 19/22
. . . .
Mode decision, i.e. based on audio signal content versus external parameters [2013-01]
G10L 19/24
. . . .
Variable rate codecs, e.g. for generating different qualities using a scalable representation such as hierarchical encoding or layered encoding [2013-01]
G10L 19/26
. .
Pre-filtering or post-filtering [2013-01]
G10L 19/265
. . .
{Pre-filtering, e.g. high frequency emphasis prior to encoding} [2013-01]
G10L 21/00
Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility (G10L 19/00 takes precedence) [2024-01]
G10L 21/003
.
Changing voice quality, e.g. pitch or formants [2013-01]
G10L 21/007
. .
characterised by the process used [2013-01]
G10L 21/01
. . .
Correction of time axis [2013-01]
G10L 21/013
. . .
Adapting to target pitch [2013-01]
G10L 2021/0135
. . . .
{Voice conversion or morphing} [2013-01]
G10L 21/02
.
Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation (reducing echo effects in line transmission systems H04B 3/20; echo suppression in hands-free telephones H04M 9/08) [2021-08]
G10L 21/0208
. .
Noise filtering [2013-01]
G10L 2021/02082
. . .
{the noise being echo, reverberation of the speech} [2013-01]
G10L 2021/02085
. . .
{Periodic noise} [2013-01]
G10L 2021/02087
. . .
{the noise being separate speech, e.g. cocktail party} [2013-01]
G10L 21/0216
. . .
characterised by the method used for estimating noise [2013-01]
G10L 2021/02161
. . . .
{Number of inputs available containing the signal or the noise to be suppressed} [2013-01]
G10L 2021/02163
. . . . .
{Only one microphone} [2013-01]
G10L 2021/02165
. . . . .
{Two microphones, one receiving mainly the noise signal and the other one mainly the speech signal} [2013-01]
G10L 2021/02166
. . . . .
{Microphone arrays; Beamforming} [2013-01]
G10L 2021/02168
. . . .
{the estimation exclusively taking place during speech pauses} [2013-01]
G10L 21/0224
. . . .
Processing in the time domain [2013-01]
G10L 21/0232
. . . .
Processing in the frequency domain [2013-01]
G10L 21/0264
. . .
characterised by the type of parameter measurement, e.g. correlation techniques, zero crossing techniques or predictive techniques [2013-01]
G10L 21/0272
. .
Voice signal separating [2013-01]
G10L 21/028
. . .
using properties of sound source [2013-01]
G10L 21/0308
. . .
characterised by the type of parameter measurement, e.g. correlation techniques, zero crossing techniques or predictive techniques [2013-01]
G10L 21/0316
. .
by changing the amplitude [2021-08]
G10L 21/0324
. . .
Details of processing therefor [2013-01]
G10L 21/0332
. . . .
involving modification of waveforms [2013-01]
G10L 21/034
. . . .
Automatic adjustment [2013-01]
G10L 21/0356
. . .
for synchronising with other signals, e.g. video signals [2013-01]
G10L 21/0364
. . .
for improving intelligibility [2021-08]
G10L 2021/03643
. . . .
{Diver speech} [2021-08]
G10L 2021/03646
. . . .
{Stress or Lombard effect} [2021-08]
G10L 21/038
. .
using band spreading techniques [2013-01]
G10L 21/0388
. . .
Details of processing therefor [2013-01]
G10L 21/04
.
Time compression or expansion [2013-01]
G10L 21/043
. .
by changing speed [2013-01]
G10L 21/045
. . .
using thinning out or insertion of a waveform [2013-01]
G10L 21/047
. . . .
characterised by the type of waveform to be thinned out or inserted [2013-01]
G10L 21/049
. . . .
characterised by the interconnection of waveforms [2013-01]
G10L 21/055
. .
for synchronising with other signals, e.g. video signals [2013-01]
G10L 21/057
. .
for improving intelligibility [2013-01]
G10L 2021/0575
. . .
{Aids for the handicapped in speaking} [2013-01]
G10L 21/06
.
Transformation of speech into a non-audible representation, e.g. speech visualisation or speech processing for tactile aids (G10L 15/26 takes precedence) [2013-01]
G10L 2021/065
. .
{Aids for the handicapped in understanding} [2013-01]
G10L 21/10
. .
Transforming into visible information [2017-08]
G10L 2021/105
. . .
{Synthesis of the lips movements from speech, e.g. for talking heads} [2013-01]
G10L 21/12
. . .
by displaying time domain information [2013-01]
G10L 21/14
. . .
by displaying frequency domain information [2013-01]
G10L 21/16
. .
Transforming into a non-visible representation (devices or methods enabling ear patients to replace direct auditory perception by another kind of perception A61F 11/04) [2017-08]
G10L 21/18
. .
Details of the transformation process [2013-01]
G10L 25/00
Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L 15/00 - G10L 21/00 (muting semiconductor-based amplifiers when some special characteristics of a signal are sensed by a speech detector, e.g. sensing when no signal is present, H03G 3/34) [2020-08]
G10L 25/03
.
characterised by the type of extracted parameters [2013-01]
G10L 25/06
. .
the extracted parameters being correlation coefficients [2013-01]
G10L 25/09
. .
the extracted parameters being zero crossing rates [2013-01]
G10L 25/12
. .
the extracted parameters being prediction coefficients [2013-01]
G10L 25/15
. .
the extracted parameters being formant information [2013-01]
G10L 25/18
. .
the extracted parameters being spectral information of each sub-band [2013-01]
G10L 25/21
. .
the extracted parameters being power information [2013-01]
G10L 25/24
. .
the extracted parameters being the cepstrum [2013-01]
G10L 25/27
.
characterised by the analysis technique [2013-01]
G10L 25/30
. .
using neural networks [2013-01]
G10L 25/33
. .
using fuzzy logic [2013-01]
G10L 25/36
. .
using chaos theory [2013-01]
G10L 25/39
. .
using genetic algorithms [2013-01]
G10L 25/45
.
characterised by the type of analysis window [2013-01]
G10L 25/48
.
specially adapted for particular use [2013-01]
G10L 25/51
. .
for comparison or discrimination [2013-01]
G10L 25/54
. . .
for retrieval [2013-01]
G10L 25/57
. . .
for processing of video signals [2013-01]
G10L 25/60
. . .
for measuring the quality of voice signals [2013-01]
G10L 25/63
. . .
for estimating an emotional state [2013-01]
G10L 25/66
. . .
for extracting parameters related to health condition (detecting or measuring for diagnostic purposes A61B 5/00) [2013-01]
G10L 25/69
. .
for evaluating synthetic or decoded voice signals [2013-01]
G10L 25/72
. .
for transmitting results of analysis [2013-01]
G10L 25/75
.
for modelling vocal tract parameters [2013-01]
G10L 25/78
.
Detection of presence or absence of voice signals (switching of direction of transmission by voice frequency in two-way loud-speaking telephone systems H04M 9/10) [2013-01]
G10L 2025/783
. .
{based on threshold decision} [2013-01]
G10L 2025/786
. . .
{Adaptive threshold} [2013-01]
G10L 25/81
. .
for discriminating voice from music [2013-01]
G10L 25/84
. .
for discriminating voice from noise [2013-01]
G10L 25/87
. .
Detection of discrete points within a voice signal [2013-01]
G10L 25/90
.
Pitch determination of speech signals [2013-01]
G10L 2025/903
. .
{using a laryngograph} [2013-01]
G10L 2025/906
. .
{Pitch tracking} [2013-01]
G10L 25/93
.
Discriminating between voiced and unvoiced parts of speech signals (G10L 25/90 takes precedence) [2013-01]
G10L 2025/932
. .
{Decision in previous or following frames} [2013-01]
G10L 2025/935
. .
{Mixed voiced class; Transitions} [2013-01]
G10L 2025/937
. .
{Signal energy in various frequency bands} [2013-01]
G10L 99/00
Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass [2013-01]