SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
This is the generic class for an apparatus wherein a user of
the apparatus causes an intelligible character* to be imprinted
on a record-medium* by a type-member* that is
impressed on the record-medium, said type-member being selected
from a plurality of different type-members, and the selected type-members
being impressed serially to form a sequence of characters that record intelligible
information.
This class includes a method of using the apparatus described
above.
| | (1)
Note. The definition as written above is intended to emphasize
the major difference between this class (400) and the class of printing.
The difference is that as a general rule in this class each character* is imprinted
serially by a type-member* that is selected from an assortment
of type-members, the assortment containing only one of each type-member
to be impressed, and the selection being made in sequence to imprint
one character after another to form a word, and one word after another
to form the text to be read. In the printing class, on the other
hand, a plurality of type-members are arranged to be printed simultaneously
to form a print-line* or a page* or a plurality of
pages of printed text. |
| | (2)
Note. The word "intelligible" in the definition
of this class does not limit the character to a visible character.
A character that is invisible to the human eye can be intelligible
to a "scanner" that "reads",
for example, infrared light emanations, and thus be intelligible
within the definition stated above. |
| | (3)
Note. Explanatory note regarding placement of patents within
the class. A typewriter includes many elements, often numbering
in the hundreds and even thousands of elements. Because of this,
many patents in the typewriter art include claims that recite elements
of a typewriter that are named in a claim for the purpose of setting forth
the environment of the inventive structure. In such patents, the
mere naming of various elements in a claim will not necessarily
be the basis of placing a patent having such a claim into the schedule
as an original patent. Original placement will be based upon the
inventive concept emphasized in a patent claim rather than on the basis
of all the elements that are merely named in a claim. |
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
The relationship of this class (400) to classes which warrant
specific mention is as follows:
Class 101, Printing, involves the imprinting on a record-medium* of
a multitude of character symbols simultaneously to form a print-line* or
a page* or a plurality of pages of printed text. The significant
difference between this class (400) and Class 101 lies in the term "simultaneously".
In Class 101 plurality of type-face* elements are assembled.
If a plurality of occurrences of a particular character are to
be printed, a corresponding number of type-faces representing that
character are included in the assemblage. When the entire assemblage
of type-faces is inked and impressed against a record-medium, all
the type-faces will be imprinted simultaneously. In this class
(400) only one type-face element is provided for each character
to be imprinted, and the type-faces are impressed in sequence to
form the text. Two exceptions should be noted. In a stenographic typewriter,
the typist may select two or more characters to be imprinted to
form a syllable of a word, and may then select two or more characters
to form another syllable of a word. One or more of the characters
selected for one syllable may be selected again to form another syllable,
but only one type-face for each character to be imprinted is provided
in the stenographic typewriter. In a logotype typewriter a plurality
of type-face elements may be preassembled to form a word or symbol,
but the logotype type-face is one of the type-face elements of the
typewriter, and the logotype type-face element is selected as one
of the type-face elements in the sequence of characters to be imprinted
serially. Various subcombinations of elements are usable either
in a Class 101 printing press or in a typewriter of this class (400).
Among such subcombinations are a ribbon-feeding or ribbon-inking
mechanism, a record-medium feeding mechanism, etc., but the placement
of a patent to such subcombination will be governed by the environment
of the machine.
Class 178, Telegraphy, includes in subclasses 4 and 23 disclosures
of printing telegraph systems that are similar in some aspects to
a typewriter. In general, Class 178 involves a telegraphic system
including one or more signal-sending units, one or more signal-receiving
units, and electrical circuitry, the system being capable of (a) transmitting
a signal over great distances, or (b) boosting or amplifying the
signal, or (c) mixing signals that have been generated in a plurality
of sending units, transmitting the mixed signals over a single line
and unmixing the signals at a plurality of receiving units so that
each receiver will transcribe only its own signal from the single
line, or (d) selecting the receiving units that will be controlled
by the sending units. Class 178 also provides, in various subclasses,
for subcombinations including key-board*, key* element,
type wheel, and other elements that are peculiar to printing telegraph systems.
This class (400) as related to Class 178, involves a typewriter
that is (a) directly coupled to a second typewriter by electrical
or mechanical linkage over a short distance (e.g., "master-slave" relationship), or
(b) coupled by way of a "storage" or "memory" circuit
to itself or to a second typewriter (e.g., "input-output" relationship),
or (c) controlled to modify the typing signals generated by a typist
to create a text different from that which would be produced by
the unmodified generated signals (e.g., by "justification" (see
subclass 1). This class (400) will also accept subcombinational aspects
of a telegraphic printer that embody typewriter subcombinations
not provided for in Class 178. Examples of such subcombinations
include: ribbon* feed, carriage* feed, record-medium
feed, type-head* structure, key-board mechanism, type-bar* action,
tabulator structure, etc.
Class 234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), the relationship
of this class (400) to Class 234 is fully set forth in the class
definition of Class 234, in section V, paragraph E. Reference is
made to the relationship between Class 234 and Class 400, Typewriting
Machines, in that note.
Class 235, Registers, the relationship of this class (400) to
Class 235 is set forth in the "SEARCH CLASS" 400, Typewriting
Machines, that appears under the definition of Class 235, subclass
60.
Class 346, Recorders, provides for an ink* jet means for
recording intelligence. This class (400) provides for a typewriter
structure in which the usual type-face* element that impresses
a character symbol against a record-medium is replaced by an ink
jet for imprinting a character symbol on a record-medium. To be
placed as an original into this class, a patent should clearly recite
the typewriter structure that controls the ink jet to form characters
successively.
Class 358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, includes
in subclasses 1.1-1.18 disclosures involving a data-processing system
that generates a printout of the results produced by the processing
system. The significant subject matter of such a system is proper
for Class 358.
OTHER CLASSES INCLUDING MATERIAL HANDLING OR MATERIAL FEEDING
See References to Other Classes for subcombinations that may
be included in a typewriter to feed a record-medium* or
a ribbon* or other sheetlike or weblike material. For
a patent to be placed as an original into this class (400) the claimed
subject matter of such patent should be clearly related to a typewriter
(e.g., be directed to one or more ink*-ribbon spools in
a typewriter, sheet, or web feeding involving line-space* distances
or format control in a typewriter, etc.).
SEARCH NOTES TO OTHER CLASSES INCLUDING SUBCOMBINATIONS USABLE
IN A TYPEWRITER
See References to Other Classes for subcombinations that
may be included in a typewriter for various purposes needed during
the operation of a typewriter. For a patent to be placed as an
original into this class (400) the claimed subject matter of such
patent should be clearly related to a typewriter (e.g., be directed
to a device for cleaning a type-face* of a typewriter,
a bell for indicating the occurrence of the end of a print-line* in
a typewriter, etc.).
SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 15, | Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclass 246 include an attachment for cleaning. (Other Classes
Including Subcombinations Usable In A Typewriter) |
| 40, | Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,
subclass 341 for a copyholder that is not part of a typewriter, but
which may be used in conjunction with a typewriter for advancing
material that may be copied from during typing. (Class Including Material
Handling Or Material Feeding) |
| 74, | Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for a linkage that is usable
as an actuating mechanism of a typewriter. (Other Classes Including
Subcombinations Usable In A Typewriter) |
| 108, | Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, appropriate subclasses for a support for sheet or
web material. (Class Including Material Handling Or Material Feeding) |
| 116, | Signals and Indicators,
subclass 148 and 200 for an indicator or a bell. (Other Classes Including
Subcombinations Usable In A Typewriter) |
| 118, | Coating Apparatus,
subclass 200 for coating apparatus applicable to a typewriter
to re-ink a ribbon*. (Other Classes Including Subcombinations
Usable In A Typewriter) |
| 221, | Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses and especially
subclass 33 for dispensing of a sheetlike article. (Class Including
Material Handling Or Material Feeding) |
| 222, | Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for dispensing of liquid.
(Other Classes Including Subcombinations Usable In A Typewriter) |
| 226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for feeding of web material.
(Class Including Material Handling Or Material Feeding) |
| 242, | Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding appropriate subclasses for the winding
of web material onto a roll or the unwinding of web material from
a roll. (Class Including Material Handling Or Material Feeding) |
| 248, | Supports,
subclass 442.2 for a support for a copyholder. (Class Including
Material Handling Or Material Feeding) |
| 271, | Sheet Feeding or Delivering,
subclass 8 for appropriate sheet-feeding structure. (Class Including
Material Handling Or Material Feeding) |
| 276, | Typesetting,
subclass 28 for justification in a type setting machine. (Other
Classes Including Subcombinations Usable In A Typewriter) |
| 281, | Books, Strips, and Leaves,
subclass 45 for a book or leaf holder. (Class Including Material Handling
Or Material Feeding) |
| 359, | Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and
Elements,
subclasses 838+ for a reflector usable in a typewriter. (Other
Classes Including Subcombinations Usable In A Typewriter) |
| 384, | Bearings, appropriate subclasses for guide structure usable
in a typewriter. (Other Classes Including Subcombinations Usable
In A Typewriter) |
| 434, | Education and Demonstration,
subclass 176 , 202, and 227 for a key-board* for teaching
or learning purposes. (Other Classes Including Subcombinations Usable
In A Typewriter) |
| 462, | Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding, appropriate subclasses and especially
subclass 73 for the holding and formation of books, strips
and leaves for manifolding. (Class Including Material Handling Or
Material Feeding) |
| 493, | Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or
Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,
subclass 411 , 413, 430, 433, and 451 for the folding of zigzag
or fan folded material. (Class Including Material Handling Or Material
Feeding) |
| 492, | Roll or Roller, for a roll, per se, not elsewhere provided for, especially
subclasses 49+ for concentric layered annular roll structure and subclasses
57+ for single annular member roll structure. (Other Classes
Including Subcombinations Usable In A Typewriter) |
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
In the typewriter art certain words and terms have acquired
distinct and specialized meanings. The following Glossary will
define and explain the terms so as to facilitate understanding of,
and simplify, the definitions of the subclasses to follow. Throughout
the class definition and the subclass definitions, an asterisk (*)
following a word or term will indicate that it has been defined in
this section. For a term that is defined in this Glossary and used
in the title or definition of a subclass, the individual words of
the term are separated by a hyphen (-) to indicate that the term
is alphabetized in this Glossary as if it were a single word.
APRON
A member closely adjacent to the cylindrical platen* of a
typewriter that serves to guide a record-medium* into close
contact with the platen. It is usually a thin sheet of relatively
rigid material having a length dimension approximating the length
of the platen and is arcuately shaped to approximately the radius
of the platen whereby it conforms to part of the periphery of the platen.
It is usually located underneath the platen and closely adjacent
thereto so that the record-medium is guided between the apron and
the platen to be partially wrapped around the platen. The apron
may also serve as a mounting for feed-rollers* that cooperate
with the platen to move the record-medium in a line-space* direction.
AUXILIARY-RECORD-PROGRAM
A set of instructions used in a programmed-control-system* of
a typewriter, which set of instructions may be readily removed from
the typewriter so that another set of instructions may be inserted
into the typewriter to perform a different or a modified sequence
of typing functions.
CARRIAGE
A mechanism for supporting a record-medium* or
for supporting a type-head-carrier*, which mechanism is provided
with means to effect relative movement between the record-medium
and a type-head-carrier that is at the print-point*, the
movement occurring along a line that is parallel to the print-line*.
A "carriage-feed" means effects carriage movement
in the direction that causes character* symbols to be imprinted
in succession, thus "carriage feed" also effects
character-space* and word-space* distances. In
most typewriters used for typing a European language said direction
is from left to right, but there are some typewriters capable of imprinting
successive characters from right to left even though the words will
be read from left to right, and there are other typewriters intended
to imprint successive characters from right to left because the
words will be read from right to left. In any event, the carriage-feed
direction is always the direction that causes characters to be imprinted
in succession. In some typewriters the record-medium is held to
a platen that is mounted on a carriage, and the "platen
carriage" (together with the record-medium) is moved relative
to the main frame of the typewriter. Each successively actuated
type-member* is impressed at a print-point that is stationary
relative to the main frame. The platen-carriage (e.g., right to
left) is opposite to the direction in which successive characters
are imprinted and read (e.g., left to right). (The directions mentioned
apply except as noted above.) In some typewriters the record-medium
is held to a platen that does not move during the imprinting of
a print-line. The type-member is on a type-head* that
is on a type-head-carrier that is mounted on a carriage, and the
type-head carriage is moved relative to the main frame of the typewriter.
Each successively actuated type-member is impressed at a print-point
that is moved relative to the main frame. The "type-head
carriage" movement (e.g., left to right) is in the direction
in which successive characters are imprinted and read (e.g., left
to right). In both forms of typewriter noted above, the term carriage
feed is applied to movement of the carriage in the direction that
effects imprinting of successive characters and words*.
Thus, for a platen-carriage typewriter, carriage feed is usually
from right to left (but note the exception above), whereas for a
type-head-carriage typewriter, carriage feed is usually from left
to right. Either typewriter is also capable of carriage reversal,
which is in the direction opposite to carriage feed, and is used
for "carriage return" (e.g., to start a new print-line)
or is used for carriage backspace (e.g., to move a carriage a distance
equivalent of one or more character-spaces in a reverse direction).
CARRIAGE-RACK
A bar having teeth or notches along one of its sides, which
bar is affixed to a carriage*, and which teeth or notches
cooperate with a pawl* or a pinion gear to enable or cause
movement of the bar and the carriage to which it is affixed. There
may be provision for adjustment of the bar relative to the carriage,
but the adjustment is usually made at the time of manufacture of
the typewriter, or may be made subsequently during a period of time
when the typewriter is not being used for typing. When a carriage-rack
cooperates with a pawl, it acts as a ratchet*, and for
a discussion of how a pawl and ratchet operates as a carriage-feed
mechanism, see the definition of pawl in this Glossary,
CASE-SHIFT
Case-shift is the relative movement between a record-medium* and
a type-face* or a type-die* that is at the print-point*,
which movement is effected by pressing a case-shift key* concurrently
with the pressing of a character* key. In most typewriters,
selection of which character is to be imprinted in sequence is made
by selection of the character keys. In a typewriter with a case-shift,
a choice of upper-case* (i.e., "CAPITAL" letter)
or lower-case* (i.e., "small" letter)
form of the selected letter is possible by concurrently pressing
or not pressing the case-shift key. Analogous choice of other characters that
appear on the various character keys is also possible with the case-shift
key. In some typewriters case-shift is effected by moving into
one of two positions (or in other typewriters one of three positions)
any of (a) a type-bar-segment*, or (b) a platen, or (c)
a type-head* that carries at least two fixedly related
type-face elements; in all of these the movement occurs in a plane
substantially parallel to the plane occupied by the type-face at
the print-point. In some typewriters a type-head is on a type-head-carrier* and
includes a type-set-assemblage* thereon, and in such typewriters
case-shift is effected by moving the type-head so that the chosen
type-face (i.e., upper-case or lower-case) will be impacted against
the record-medium. In some typewriters, case-shift may also be
used to imprint a character in a different font* or a character
in a different language for specialized uses.
CHARACTER
A single symbol imprinted on a record-medium* by
a type-member* and intended to be read by the human eye,
or intended to be "read" by a mechanical or electrical
scanner, for the purpose of conveying intelligence to the reader
(i.e., human reader or mechanical "reader"). It
forms one of the elements needed to form a word*. In most
typewriters a character is formed by impressing a single type-member
against a record-medium, usually via an inking means. However,
a single character may also be formed by impressing a plurality
of different type-members either simultaneously or successively
in the same zone or area of the record-medium. A character may
be (a) one of the letters in an alphabet, either upper-case* (i.e., "CAPITAL" letter),
or lower-case* (i.e., "small" letter),
or (b) one of the numeral digits (i.e., "0" through "9"),
or (c) a punctuation mark [e.g., comma (,), colon (:),
etc.], or (d) one of a variety of signs and symbols incorporated
into a typewriter intended for general usage [e.g., dollar
sign ($), ampersand symbol (&), etc.].
The number or variety of characters that a particular typewriter
may imprint is limited only by the size of the typewriter and the
area allotted to the key-board* and the type-members of
that typewriter.
CHARACTER-SPACE
Character-space is the distance that the carriage* or
the record-medium* is moved to effect the separation of
one imprinted character* from a subsequently imprinted character
of the same word*. In most alphabets the width of one
character (i.e., the distance that it extends along the print-line*)
differs from the width of another character. In many typewriters
the character-space distances are in equal increments of carriage
feed. Due to the fact that successively imprinted characters have
different widths, the spaces between the successive characters are
unequal. To compensate for different widths, some typewriters are
provided with mechanism to vary the carriage feed. This mechanism
causes the carriage feed to be proportional to the width of the
character imprinted by a type-face*. The unequal increments
of carriage feed produced by this mechanism results in equal spaces
between successively imprinted characters, thereby improving the
uniformity and appearance of the typing.
COLLATING-TABLE
A platform or support used while a plurality of sheets
or webs are arranged or assembled according to an orderly system.
The sheets or webs may include record-medium* pieces or
transfer-medium* pieces in any desired order or sequence
and the assemblage of pieces comprises that which is to be typed
on. The term "collating" as used in this class
(400) is used to describe a simple structure that is used for collating,
usually manually. It differs somewhat from the term collating as applied
to a machine that accomplishes a similar result of arranging or
assembling plural sheets or webs.
CONDENSED-BILLING
A term used in the typewriter industry for the production
of a condensed or summary record of a succession of typed documents
(e.g., bills or numerical data). The operation includes the typing
of plural copies (e.g., an "original copy" and
one or more "carbon copies", or duplicate "original
copies") simultaneously on plural record-medium* pieces.
At least one of the pieces is intended to be complete as to heading,
address, and other information that is to be sent to one user.
At least another piece is to be retained by the typist, and is not required
to be complete; that is, it may omit much of the information, but
may be a composite or summary or condensed record of the information
that is to be sent. The record-medium on which the condensed-billing
is typed is therefore moved in line-space* distances that differ
from the line-space distances of the complete record medium.
DENOMINATIONAL-STOP
A component of the carriage* mechanism that
causes stopping of the carriage in any of selected denominational
column positions. In a denominational column a sequence of numerical
digits is imprinted on one print-line* and further sequences
of numeral digits are imprinted in successive print-lines, one print-line
below the previous print-line. The distinguishing characteristic
of a denominational column is that the decimal point of successive
print-lines of numeral digits is in vertical array, or in the instance
where the decimal point of successive numbers is not actually imprinted,
the "units" digit of the successive numbers is
in vertical array. Thus the position where the carriage will be
stopped to imprint each of a succession of numbers will depend on whether
the first digit of a sequence of numeral digits is to be a "hundreds" digit,
or a "tens" digit, etc. A denominational-stop
is usually a "counter stop" (see the discussion
under the definition of tab-rack* in this Glossary).
FEED-ROLLER
A rotatable element having a cylindrical or cylindroidal periphery
that contacts a surface of a sheet or web of record-medium* material
or transfer-medium* material and enables or causes movement
of the sheet or web. Usually a feed-roller cooperates with a second
element and the sheet or web lies between the feed-roller and the second
element, the opposite surfaces of the sheet or web being closely
adjacent to the corresponding surfaces of the feed-roller and the
second element and in nonsliding contact therewith. When the second
element is a platen* the feed-roller serves as a "pressure
roller" to urge the sheet or web toward the platen, and
the platen is rotated to cause feed movement of the sheet or web.
When the second element is another feed-roller either or both of
the feed-rollers may be driven for rotation, the rollers being rotated
in opposite rotational directions to cause feed movement, and the
two feed-rollers cooperate to form a feed-roller couple.
FONT
A complete assortment of type in the same style and size to
imprint character* symbols having a substantially uniform
appearance. Examples of font include elite and pica (both refer
to size of type), italic (i.e., having slope to the right), and
cursive (i.e., having flowing lines connecting individual characters
in a style resembling handwriting), these being only a few of the
fonts used in various typewriters.
FUNCTION
In general, an operation performed on or by a typewriter during
use of the typewriter for typing. As used by the typewriter industry,
however, the term "function" is limited to an
operation other than (a) impressing a type-member* against
a record-medium* to imprint a character* (which
thereby concurrently effects a character-space*), or (b)
effecting a word-space*. Examples of typewriter operations
considered by the industry to be functions are: backspace, carriage
return, case-shift*, tabular stopping, line-space* (i.e.,
for record-medium feed), ribbon feed, and similar typewriter movements.
INK
A substance (usually fluid, may be viscous or solid)
that is applied to the surface of a record-medium* in the
configuration of a typed character* symbol to make the character
visible to a reader of the typed text. An important property of
ink is its ability to form a "permanent" symbol,
that is, a symbol that is not easily erased (or erased only with
great difficulty), and it is this property that aids the production
of an original copy of the typed text. (See the definition of transfer-medium* in
this Glossary, section III, for a discussion of the difference between
original copy and carbon copy.) A fluid ink may be applied directly
to a type-face*, from which type-face the ink is directly
imprinted onto a record-medium. A viscous ink may be applied to
the record-medium via an ink-impregnated ribbon*, and the
ink therein will "flow" by capillary action from
unused portions of the ribbon into the used portions of the ribbon.
A solid ink may be applied via a so-called "carbon-ink" ribbon,
which is often a single-use or one-use ribbon because all or most
of the coating of the ribbon is imprinted onto the record-medium
when a type-face is impacted thereagainst. A "hecto-graphic" ink
is a particular form of ink that is soluble and is used to form
a "master" plate used in a "spirit duplicating" copying process.
KEY
An element on a typewriter, located on a key-board*, which
element is pressed to cause either (a) the actuation of a type-member* to
imprint a character* that corresponds to the selected key,
or (b) the actuation of a selected function* of the typewriter.
In a manual typewriter a key is usually pressed by a finger of
a user, and the movement of the selected key is transmitted via
a system of levers and links into movement of a corresponding type-member
actuator or function actuator. In some typewriters and external
power source assists the actuation. In other typewriters keys are
pressed successively in response to signals to the typewriter by
a human or mechanical operator. The key referred to in (a) above
(i.e., a character key) also causes a character-space* movement
of the carriage* as well as actuation of the type-member.
KEY-BOARD
That portion of a typewriter which is located so as to face
and be adjacent to the user of a typewriter, and containing the
key* elements that are to be pressed in succession to produce
a text that is being typed, or pressed as needed to actuate a particular
function* of the typewriter.
LINE-SPACE
The distance caused by relative movement between a record-medium* and
a print-point* of a type-member* against the record-medium,
which movement effects separation of one print-line* of
typed text from a subsequently imprinted line of typed text on the
same page* of text. It is effected by incremental relative
movement that occurs in a direction perpendicular to the direction in
which a print-line is formed. In most typewriters the type- member
is impressed in substantially the same area of the typewriter and
the record-medium is effectively held to a platen* which
moves incrementally between successive print-lines, but in some
typewriters the type-member and its actuating mechanism moves in a
corresponding direction in incremental movements between successive
print-lines. Thus, in most typewriters, line-space movement is a
specific form of record-medium movement, but line-space movement
is a determinate, incremental movement in selected units of distance
or in multiples or fractions thereof. If a unit of distance is
considered as one line-space, the multiples would include two or
three line-spaces and the fractions would include one-half, one
and one-half, or two and one-half line-spaces, all these distances
being selected by the user of a typewriter according to the needs
of the user. The most significant aspect of line-space movement
is that it is related to a preceding or succeeding print-line on
the record-medium as distinguished from record-medium movement which
is not related to a print-line, but rather is an indeterminate movement.
LOWER-CASE
A "small" letter, similar in appearance
to this text, as opposed to upper-case*. The names lower-case
and upper-case are derived from the printing art during the period
when type-faces* were handpicked and handset, the type
being picked from a tray in which the capital or upper-case type
were held in compartments physically located above the compartments
for the small or lower-case type.
MAGNETIC
A property of nature resulting in attraction or orientation of
a ferrous material relative to a body having such a property. Examples
of such a body include the earth, a loadstone, and a coil of wire
in an electrical circuit, all of which have, or can generate, a
magnetic field. Magnetism is used to produce a force, as in a magnetic
solenoid, or to transmit a force, as in a magnetic clutch. Magnetic
also describes a property inherent in an auxiliary-record-program* containing
ferrous particles capable of being oriented or reoriented relative
to the auxiliary record, the orientation of the particles being sensed
to effect a typing operation in response to the sensing.
MARGIN
The distance from an edge of the record-medium* to
the closest character* symbol of a print-line* to
that edge. The term is most usually used when a plurality of print-lines
are typed and the first imprinted characters of each of the print-lines
are all equally spaced from the edge. When typing any language
that is read from left to right, the left margin is the distance
from the left edge to these first characters and will usually be
parallel to that edge, whereas the right margin is the distance
of the right edge to the last characters of the successive print-lines.
However, because the number of characters in a print-line is subject
to chance, the right margin will usually not be equally spaced from
the right edge unless "justification" is performed.
For a discussion of justification, see (1) Note to the definition
of subclass 1 below.
MARGIN-STOP
A member that is used to stop the movement of a carriage* when
the carriage reaches the margin* of the record-medium*.
The margin-stop of a platen* carriage (see the definition
of carriage in this Glossary) is usually mounted on the platen carriage
for movement therewith and cooperates with a stop fixed to the frame
of the typewriter, whereas the margin-stop of a "typehead-carriage" (see
the definition of carriage in this Glossary) is usually mounted
on the frame of the typewriter and cooperates with a stop mounted
on the type-head carriage for movement therewith, but in either
typewriter one margin-stop may be set for various margin distances for
the left margin and another margin-stop may be set for various margin
distances for the right margin.
PAGE
A unit of printed text corresponding to that which would appear
on one leaf or sheet of a book, newspaper, or document. It usually
refers to a sheet of text, but in the instance where text is imprinted
on a web (i.e., of indeterminate-length material), it refers to
that length of web which will subsequently be cut to form a sheet
of determinate length.
PAPER-FINGER
A member that is in substantial contact with a platen* or with
a record-medium* that is supported or backed by the platen,
which member thereby ensures contact of a record-medium with the
platen. It is usually an elongated element, and in those typewriters
wherein the platen is cylindrical the paper-finger is arcuate and
conforms to the periphery of the platen for a substantial length
of the paper-finger in order to hold the record-medium to the platen.
PAWL
A moveable member having a protruding portion that engages
a notch between two adjacent teeth of a ratchet* to cause
or enable intermittent movement of the ratchet. The movement of
a pawl is usually two-way, that is, oscillation or reciprocation,
and the protruding portion of the pawl engages a notch between two
adjacent teeth of the ratchet and moves relative to the ratchet over
or around one of the teeth to engage a notch between the next two
adjacent teeth. In one form of pawl and ratchet mechanism, the
pawl is driven while engaged in a notch between the teeth to thereby
drive the ratchet, and then is retracted to reengage a notch between
the next teeth. In another form of pawl and ratchet mechanism,
the ratchet is urged to be moved, but its movement is restrained
by the pawl; movement of the pawl momentarily releases the ratchet
for movement of the ratchet, and return of the pawl to a notch between the
next teeth again restrains the ratchet. In either mechanism a plurality
of pawls, or a pawl with a plurality of protruding portions may
be used alternately.
PITCH
The term "pitch" in the typewriter
art derives from its usage in mechanics or machinery, where it refers
to the distance between two things in series, e.g., two adjacent threads
of a screw or two adjacent teeth of a toothed wheel or rack, etc.
As used in the typewriter art, "pitch" refers
to a line-space* distance or to a character-space* distance,
as such distances are caused by mechanical elements in the typewriter.
Some typewriters are capable of imprinting different character* sizes
due to easily replaceable type-head* elements. In order
to maintain a proper or pleasing appearance to the type text, it
is necessary, when such a change in character size is made, also
to change the character-space and line-space distances in proper
proportion to that of the character size. Such a typewriter is
therefore also capable of having the pitch changed when character
size is changed.
PLATEN
An element that serves as a support or backing for a record-medium* while
a type-member* is impressed against the record-medium and
thereby prevents movement of the record-medium during impression;
or an element that serves as a support or backing for a record-medium
and also moves the record-medium toward the type-member for impression
of the type-member against the record-medium. Although from the
derivation of the word "platen" it should comprise
a flat or planar plate, in the typewriter art it is not so limited.
In most typewriters the platen is a cylinder having a generally smooth
surface, and the record-medium is partially wrapped around the periphery
of the cylinder. In use the cylinder is rotated until the location
of the record-medium corresponds to the desired location of the
print-line* to be imprinted thereon, and after the desired
line has been imprinted, the cylinder is rotated an increment corresponding
to a desired line-space*, thereby moving the record-medium.
Some typewriters do include a flat platen, which may be a plate
having dimensions corresponding to the record-medium (i.e., sheet),
or may be a bar platen having dimensions corresponding to the height
of a character* and the length of a print-line, or may
be an anvil having dimensions corresponding to the height and width
of a single character.
PRINT-LINE
A single row of imprinted, spaced character* symbols and
word* groups that is part of the text being typed. It is
usually a straight row, but particular characters of the line may
be offset therefrom, as, for example, to imprint subscript (i.e.,
slightly below the line) or superscript (i.e., slightly above the
line), or to imprint a mathematical or chemical formula without
negating its characteristics as a line. It is usually formed and
read across a page, either from left to right as in European languages, or
from right to left, as in Semitic languages, but may also be formed
and read parallel to one of the side margins* of a page* (i.e., "up" or "down"),
as in some Oriental languages.
PRINT-POINT
Print-point is the typewriter industry term for the area
or spot on the record-medium* that a type-member* is impressed
against to imprint a character* on the record-medium. The
print-point may be fixed or movable relative to a typewriter main
frame as discussed in the definition of carriage* in this
Glossary.
PROGRAMMED-CONTROL-SYSTEM
Means for regulating the operation of a typewriter to perform
a predetermined sequence of operations for typing, which means include
a set of instructions which may be replaced or modified at will,
to which instructions the typewriter mechanism responds by performing the
sequence of operations. The instructions may be in the form of
a tangible article such as a tape or card or disc with visible or
invisible indicia thereon, or may be in the form of an intangible "computer
program" including a "memory" and related
circuitry, but in any event, must be related to the operation of
a typewriter to be considered for this class.
RATCHET
A movable member having teeth thereon and at least one
notch between the teeth, which notch is engaged by a protruding
portion of a pawl* to cause or enable intermittent movement
of the ratchet. The manner in which a pawl and ratchet mechanism
is used in a typewriter is discussed under the definition of pawl
in this Glossary, section III. Ratchet teeth may be part of a "ratchet wheel" or
of a "ratchet rack", and the action of the pawl is
similar in both instances. However, since a ratchet wheel is circular,
its motion will be a one-way rotational intermittent motion; and
since a ratchet rack is linear, its motion will be a one-way rectilinear
intermittent motion.
RECORD-MEDIUM
A piece of material, usually paper but not limited to paper,
on which material is recorded an imprint of a type-member* that
is impressed against the material to form a character* to
be read. The material may be a relatively thin "sheet" having
a determinate width and a determinate length, or may be a "web" having
a determinate width and an indeterminate length. The recording
is usually by way of an ink* that coats the material in
the form of a line representing a character; but other kinds of
recording may be done, as, for example, embossing, which deforms
the surface of the material to raise or lower the surface into a
line representing the character, or perforating, which punches a
plurality of holes in the material that taken together form a representation
of a character.
RIBBON
A piece of elongated and relatively thin transfer-medium* material
impregnated with, or carrying, ink* that is to be applied
to a record-medium*, which material is interposed between
the record-medium and a type-face* that is at the print-point*.
When the type-face is impressed against the record-medium (with
the ribbon therebetween) a portion of the ink on the ribbon will
be transferred to the record-medium to form a readable character* symbol
corresponding to the symbol on the type-face that was impressed
against the record-medium. Although in most typewriters the ribbon
is an elongated relatively narrow strip of material, these dimensions
are not critical in its usage as a ribbon. (For example, a ribbon
may be narrow and sufficiently short to be held in the hand of a
typist while being temporarily positioned adjacent to the print-point,
or a ribbon may be elongated and as wide as the record-medium to
be typed on.) What is critical in its usage as a ribbon for making
an original copy is (a) its location directly between the record-medium
and the type-face that is at the print-point, and (b) the use of
a "permanent" or not easily erasable ink; the
combination forms an original copy of the typed text, in contrast
to a carbon copy. (See the definitions of transfer-medium and ink
in this Glossary for a discussion of carbon copy). Among the various
forms of ribbon used in a typewriter are: (a) a fabric ribbon coated
or impregnated with "permanent" ink, the ribbon
being reusable many times or until the ink therein is depleted,
and producing an original copy; (b) a carbon-ink ribbon coated with
permanent ink, the ribbon being usually a single-use ribbon due
to the operation wherein all or most of the coating is deposited
on the record-medium during the impact of a type-face thereagainst,
and producing an original copy (see the definition of transfer-medium
in this Glossary, for a discussion of the difference between the
permanent ink used in a carbon-ink ribbon, and the carbon coating
of a "carbon-paper" transfer-medium); (c) a "hectographic" ribbon
that uses a soluble ink and produces a "master" plate
subsequently used in a spirit duplicating copy process; (d) a carbon-paper
ribbon coated with a substance containing carbon or other pigment
to produce a carbon copy that is easily erasable; (e) a "correction" ribbon that
is used to correct an error in typing as discussed in the definition
of subclass 697 below. It should be noted that in early typewriter
technology the term "ribbon" usually referred
only to a fabric ribbon mentioned above; therefore, unless a disclosure
particularly describes a ribbon by an intended function or specific coating,
it should be assumed that a fabric ribbon is disclosed.
SPACE-BAR
An element on a typewriter, located on a keyboard*, which
element is pressed to cause a carriage-feed movement of the carriage* without
an imprint of a character*, thereby to separate one word* from
another word on a print-line*.
TAB
A tab is an abbreviated form of the term "tabular", which
term refers to a columnar arrangement of character* symbols
on a page* of text. A "column" of text
is formed by imprinting a particular symbol on one print-line* and
subsequently imprinting the same or another particular symbol on
another print-line directly below the first print-line (i.e., equally
spaced from one of the side edges of the record-medium*),
and repeating the typing until a plurality of print-lines have been
formed, all of which are in vertical array. The particular symbol may
be the first letter of the first word* in each of the successively
imprinted print-lines, and two or more columns are usually arranged
in such a "column-set" arrangement, each of the
columns being arrayed at a preset distance from an edge of the record-medium.
The particular symbol may be the decimal point or the "units" digit
of a set of numeral digits representing a number; this arrangement
is termed "denominational". The terms "column" and "tabular" are
also discussed in (1) Note and (2) Note to subclass 284, the term "denominational" is
also discussed in (1) Note to subclass 285, and the term column
set is discussed in (3) Note to subclass 284 and defined in subclass
285.1. It should also be noted that, in some disclosures, the term "tab" has been
used as an abbreviation of an element which is better known as a "tab-stop" element
and is discussed in this Glossary under tab-rack*.
TAB-RACK
A component of the carriage* mechanism that
causes stopping of the carriage in any of selected tabular (see tab* in
this Glossary) positions. A tab-rack is an elongated member extending
parallel to the direction of carriage movement and having a length
substantially the same as the extent of carriage movement. On the
tab-rack a plurality of "tab-stop" elements are
mounted, each of said elements being movable transversely of the length
of the tab-rack form a "clear" position at which the
element is passive to a "set" position at which
the element is able to cooperate with a "counter-stop" element.
In operation, relative movement between the tab-rack and the counter
stop is effected in the lengthwise direction of the tab-rack until
a set tab stop abuts against the counter stop. Usually the tab-rack
is connected to the carriage and its tab stop abuts a stationary
counter stop, thereby stopping the carriage. The same result may
be achieved by mounting the counter stop on the carriage and abutting
the counter stop against a set tab stop on a stationary tab-rack,
thereby stopping the carriage. A plurality of counter stops may
be provided, one of which counter stops may be set to stop the carriage
in a preset column or denominational position. A typewriter capable
of tabular operation is provided with at least three key* elements
for regulating the operation. One of the keys, labelled "set" (or
a variant thereof) is depressed by the typist to move a selected
tab-stop element from its passive position to its set position on
the tab-rack. Another key, labelled "tab" (or
a variant thereof), or unlabeled but having a distinctive shape,
is depressed by the typist to concurrently (a) release the carriage
from its normal carriage-feed mechanism to enable unrestrained movement
of the carriage, and (b) set a counter stop into a position where
it will abut against the set tab stop when the counter stop and
tab stop engage one another, whereby the movement of the carriage
will be stopped in the tabular position. A third key, labelled "clear" (or
a variant thereof), is depressed by the typist to move any of the
previously set tab stops back to its passive position on the type-rack.
TOGGLE-LINKAGE
An assemblage of at least two links, pitmans, bars, or struts
and at least three pivots, an end of one link being connected to
an end of the other link by a pivot that is common to both links.
Each of the links also has a pivot at the end remote from the common
pivot, which common or intermediate pivot is movable from a first
(or "broken") position at which the common pivot
is not in line with the other two pivots to a second (or "straightened")
position at which the common pivot is substantially in line with
the other two pivots, or which common pivot is movable from said
second position to said first position. Such movement is accomplished
by a force applied to the common pivot in a direction approximately
at right angles to either link, thereby moving the remote pivots
relatively away from each other (i.e., when the common pivot moves
to the second position) or relatively toward each other (i.e., when
the common pivot moves to the first position).
TRANSFER-MEDIUM
A piece of material, relatively thin as compared to its other
dimensions, and flexible so as to conform to various configurations
as required in a typewriter, which material is impregnated or coated
on one or both of its opposite surfaces with a preparation of ink* or
gelatin or other substance-containing carbon or other pigment that is
capable of being transplaced from a surface of said material onto
a surface of an adjacent record-medium*. Among the various
forms of transfer-medium used in a typewriter are: (a) a "permanent" ink
transfer-medium in the form of an elongated, narrow ribbon*,
a wide ribbon, a disc, etc., all of which have the property that
the character* symbol imprinted with the use of this transfer-medium
is not easily erased, thereby producing an "original copy" text;
(b) a "carbon-paper" transfer-medium, so called
because one of its surfaces is coated with a substance containing
carbon or other pigment having the property that the character imprinted
with this transfer-medium is easily erased, thereby producing a "carbon
copy" text; (c) a "hectos:graphic" ink
transfer-medium, using an ink that is soluble in a particular solvent
and is used to form a "master" plate that is subsequently
used in a "spirit duplicating" copying process, and
(d) a "correction" transfer-medium that is coated with
a substance containing a pigment of the same color as that of the
record-medium, and is used to correct an error in typing (as discussed
in the definition of subclass 697 below).
TYPE-BAR
An elongated member having at one end a type-member* (i.e.,
a type-die* or a type-face*) element and at its other
end a connection to one or more key* elements. In most
manual type-writers, the number of type-bars corresponds to the
number of keys provided, and the type-bars are pivoted to a type-bar-segment* so
that the various type-faces are all impressed at approximately the same
print-point*, but many variations of the construction are
to be found. The type-bars may be pivoted to individual linkages,
or may be slidable to print position. In some typewriters a single
key may actuate a plurality of type-bars; in others, a plurality
of keys may be depressed simultaneously to actuate a single type-bar; and
in others (e.g., stenographic typewriters), there may be a plurality
of character* symbols simultaneously imprinted.
TYPE-BAR-SEGMENT
A type-bar-segment is an arcuate member that serves to support
all the type-bar* members for pivotal motion so that each
of the type-member* elements carried by the type-bar members
will be impressed onto the record-medium* at approximately
the same print-point*. In some manual typewriters the
type-bar-segment is moved to effect case-shift*. (This
occurs because the type-member (i.e., type-face* or type-die*)
that is at the print-point has been moved as a result of moving
the type-bar-segment, so that an upper-case* or a lower-case* form
of character* symbol is imprinted on the record-medium
according to the choice of the typist.) The difference between
a type-bar-segment and a type-face-carrier* (which also
permits a type-bar to move relative thereto) is that a type-face-carrier
moves both for selection of a character and for choice of upper-case
of lower-case, whereas a type-bar-segment moves only for choice
of upper-case or lower-case.
TYPE-DIE
An element that is impressed against a record-medium* to
deform or pierce the surface of the record-medium into a representation
of a character*. It is that portion of a type-member* that
projects from the body of the type-member and contacts the surface
of the record-medium to raise or lower the contacted surface relative
to the uncontracted surface into a line representing a character, or
to form one or more perforations in the contacted surface, which
perforations taken together represent a character.
TYPE-FACE
An element that is impressed against a record-medium* to
imprint a line representing a character*. It is that portion
of a type-member* that projects from the body of the type-member,
and contacts the surface of the record-medium to form the character
by ink* applied to the type-face and transferred to the
record-medium, or by ink applied via an ink ribbon* or
similar transfer material that lies between the type-face and the
surface of the record-medium.
TYPE-FACE-CARRIER
A type-face-carrier is a mechanism on which is mounted a
plurality of type-member* elements (i.e., type-face* or type-die*)
for movement of any one type-member relative to the remainder of
the type-members mounted thereon. Usually a group of type-faces
comprising a type-set-assemblage* is mounted on a type-face-carrier, face-carrier,
and the type-face-carrier is capable of various kinds of movement.
A typist will select one key* element from among the many
key elements available, causing the type-face-carrier to move to
a position at which the selected type-face will impact against a record-medium* to
imprint the selected character* symbol (e.g., a particular
letter, or a particular number, etc.) on the record-medium. A typist
may choose to effect case-shift* or not effect case-shift,
thereby to choose from the character symbols available on one key
element the one symbol (e.g., the upper-case* or the lower-case* form
of the same letter, etc.) thereby causing the type-face-carrier
to move to a position at which the chosen type-face will imprint
the chosen symbol. The mechanism also causes or enables relative
movement between the type-face and the record-medium (e.g., movement
of the type-face toward the print-point*) to imprint the
selected or the chosen character or symbol on the record-medium.
(See this Glossary, section III, under the definitions of the terms
type-bar-segment* and type-head-carrier* for the
differences between those mechanisms and a type-face-carrier).
TYPE-HEAD
A type-head is an element comprising one or more type-member* elements
integral one with the other(s). In most manually powered type-writers
a type-set-assemblage* is distributed among a plurality
of type-heads, each of which as two type-face* elements.
Some of these type-heads include a type-face for imprinting a particular
letter in lower-case* and a type-face for imprinting the
same letter in upper-case*, the choice being made by a
case-shift* mechanism. Other type-heads in these manually
powered type-writers include a type-face for imprinting a number
and a type-face for imprinting a symbol (see the definition of character* in this
Glossary for examples of a symbol), the choice of which is to be
imprinted also being made by the case-shift mechanism. In some
electrically powered typewriters a single type-head includes a complete
type-set-assemblage, and said type-head is mounted on a type-head-carrier*.
In such typewriters the single type-head is moved for selection
of the type-face to be imprinted, or for the choice of the case
to be used. In the definitions of the subclasses that follow, the
term "type-head" has usually been reserved for
the element that includes a type-set-assemblage on an electrically
powered typewriter, and the element on the type end of a type-bar* has
usually been referred to as a type-face.
TYPE-HEAD-CARRIER
A type-head-carrier is a mechanism on which is mounted
at least one type-head* that includes a type-set-assemblage* (e.g.,
a group of type-face* elements) thereon for movement of
the type-head relative to the type-head-carrier. Usually a type-head-carrier
and the type-head mounted thereon are capable of various kinds of
movement. A typist will select one key* element from among
the many key elements available, causing the type-head to move (e.g.,
by oscillating and/or tilting) to a position at which the
selected type-face will impact against a record-medium* to
imprint the selected character* symbol (e.g., a particular
letter, or a particular number, etc.) on the record-medium. A typist
may choose to effect case-shift* or not effect case-shift, thereby
to choose from the character symbols available on one key element
the one symbol (e.g., the upper-case* or the lower-case* form
of the same letter, etc.) that is to be imprinted, thereby causing
the type-head to move to a position at which the chosen type-face
will imprint the chosen symbol. The mechanism also causes or enables
movement of the type-head (i.e., by movement of the type-head-carrier)
between the type-face and the record-medium (e.g., movement of the
type-face toward the print-point*) to imprint the selected
or the chosen character or symbol on the record-medium. The difference
between a type-head-carrier and a type-face-carrier* (which
also carries a type-set-assemblage that moves both for selection
of a character and for choice of upper-case or lower-case) is that
a type-face-carrier supports individually movable type-face elements,
whereas a type-head-carrier supports a type-head wherein all the type-face
elements are integral therewith.
In some typewriters that use a type-head-carrier a single type-head
includes a complete type-set-assemblage, and this type-head may
be removed from its carrier and be replaced with a different type-head
having a different font* (e.g., the style, character size,
alphabet, or symbols that the typewriter can produce). In some typewriters
that use a type-head-carrier plural type-heads may be provided,
each including a complete type-set-assemblage (e.g., in different
fonts, etc.) or each including only part of a complete type-set-assemblage
(e.g., one-half of an assemblage on one type-head and the other half
of that assemblage on the other type-head).
TYPE-MEMBER
An element having on a surface thereof a type-die* or
a type-face* which is impressed against a record-medium* to
imprint a character* in or on the surface of the record-medium.
In most typewriters there is only one type-member corresponding
to each character* that is to be typed, and the user of
the typewriter selects from the assortment of type-members provided
in the apparatus one type-member at a time to be imprinted, and
serially imprints the selected type-members to form the characters
representing the text to be typed.
TYPE-SET-ASSEMBLAGE
A group of type-face* elements including a multiplicity of
type-faces for imprinting the different character* symbols
that a typewriter is capable of imprinting in the same font* of
type. In many typewriters a type-set-assemblage is carried on a
plurality of type-bar* members that include all the type-faces
that the typewriter can imprint, either in upper-case* or
in lower-case*, or in the various character symbols. In
other typewriters a single type-head* includes all type-faces
that the typewriter can imprint in the same font, and that type-head can
be removed from the typewriter to be replaced by a type-head for
another type-set-assemblage of a different font. In still other
typewriters two or more type-heads are provided to comprise one
type-set-assemblage, or to comprise two or more type-set-assemblages
in different fonts.
TYPEWRITER-ACTUATED-CONTROL
Typewriter-actuated-control is intended to refer to a mechanism
wherein a first part of a typewriter moves to accomplish its intended
first-part function, and during said movement the first part engages
a second part to move the second part, thereby accomplishing a second function
as the second part is moved. A simple example of a typewriter-actuated-control
exists in the instance of a typewriter wherein the ribbon* vibrator
has means for opening the guide means of the vibrator for the purpose of
facilitating insertion of a new ribbon. When the vibrator is next
lifted or raised to enable the ribbon to cover the print-point* to
imprint the next character*, the upward movement of the
vibrator for typing causes engagement of elements that "automatically" causes closing
of the vibrator guide to its normal position without special intervention
of the typist to accomplish the guide-closing function.
UNIVERSAL-BAR
A member that is part of a drive train of a typewriter, which
member is driven by any of a multiplicity of elements and which
member serves to drive any of a different multiplicity of elements.
A universal-bar may be driven, for example, by a space-bar*,
or by a character* key* element that causes imprint
of a character and also drives the universal-bar either directly
or via a type-bar* member or associated linkage. The universal-bar
may then serve to drive a carriage-feed mechanism or a ribbon-feed
mechanism or a character-counter mechanism or all these exemplary
mechanisms concurrently.
UPPER-CASE
A capital letter, similar in appearance to this text,
as opposed to lower-case*. The derivation of the terms upper-case* and
lower-case is discussed in the definition of lower-case in this
Glossary. See the definitions of character* and case-shift* in
this Glossary for the forms of symbols that are imprinted when the
case-shift mechanism is in the upper-case mode.
VIBRATOR
Vibrator is the typewriter industry term for an element or
an assemblage of elements that (a) guides a ribbon* or
constrains the ribbon for movement along its elongated dimension,
and (b) is located on the typewriter adjacent to the print-point*,
and (c) moves at least a portion of the ribbon that is so guided
transversely to its elongated dimension from a first position adjacent
to but not covering the print-point to a second position covering
the print-point. The first position is a normal, or "rest" position
that permits the print-line* to be seen by a typist, and
the second position places the ribbon over the print-point so that
a type-face* will be impressed against the ribbon to imprint
a character* on a record-medium*. The vibrator
movement may be controlled so as to move different zones of the
ribbon to the print-point, each of which zones extends longitudinally
and is spaced transversely to the others, whereby different colored
characters may be imprinted.
WORD
For purposes of this class, a word is one or more imprinted
character* symbols that are grouped together and separated
from other groups of characters to convey intelligence or information
to a reader. Usually a word consists of one or more letter characters
that taken together as a group may also be spoken by people of a national
or ethnic folk, but especially for purposes of this class, a word
may consist of more number characters as well as letter characters,
the words then conveying information in a cryptos:graphic "language".
WORD-SPACE
The distance that separates the last character* of
one word* of imprinted text from the first character of
a subsequent word of the same text on the same line of text.
SUBCLASSES
![[List of Patents for class 400 subclass 1]](../ps.gif) 1 | INCLUDING JUSTIFICATION OR QUADDING OF PRINT-LINE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein more than one print-line* of
character* symbols is imprinted on a record-medium* to
form a page* of text, and wherein significance is attributed
to the typing operation known as "justification" as that
term is discussed and defined in (1) Note below, or significance
is attributed to the typing operation known as "quadding" as
that term is discussed and defined in (2) Note below, either operation
modifying the print-lines of a page of text.
| | (1)
Note. When typing in a language that is read from left to
right, a typist can predetermine the left margin (i.e., the distance from
the left edge of the record-medium to the first character of the
print-line). The right margin (i.e., the distance from the right
edge of the record-medium to the last character of the print-line)
is subject to chance and depends on the number of character symbols
and word* groups in the print-line; therefore, the right
margin will usually not be even. "Justification" corrects
the uneven right margin by expanding or contracting the print-line
as necessary to make all the print-lines of uniform length. Justification
is usually accomplished by typing a rough draft to form a print-line
that ends within a "justification zone" and then retyping
with the addition or subtraction of "unit" spaces
to or from the character-space* or word-space* distances
on the print-line. The characters and spaces in a print-line may
be stored in a justification circuit which may include a "memory" and
circuitry to modify the memory by the addition or subtraction of
unit spaces described above to expand or contract the print-line.
Justification may also be accomplished by typing on a stretchable
record-medium as described in subclass 14 below. |
| | (2)
Note. The term "quadding" is derived from
the printing and type setting arts, where the word "quad" refers
to a piece of metal that is of less height than a type-face* and
is used to form a blank space in the printed line. By introducing
quads in sufficient numbers and appropriate positions, a printed
line could be printed as "quad right" (i.e., the
last character of successively printed lines uniformly spaced from
the right edge of a page) or printed as "quad left" (i.e.,
the first character of successively printed lines uniformly spaced
from the left edge of a page) or printed as "quad center" (i.e., the
first and the last character of the same printed line equally spaced
from the left and the right edge of the page, respectively). A similar
appearance of text and successively imprinted print-lines can be
accomplished on a typewriter by quadding to control the location
of the first or the last character (or both of said characters)
of a print-line. In addition, the quadded print-lines may also be
expanded or contracted in an operation similar to justification [described
in (1) Note above], so that the text that has been subjected
to a quadding operation will also appear to be justified. | |
| | |
| 2 | Including quadding of print-line: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein more than one print-line* of
character* symbols is imprinted on a record-medium* on
a page* of text, and wherein significance is attributed
to the typing operation known as "quadding" as
that term is discussed and defined in (2) Note of subclass 1 above. |
| | |
| 3 | By programmed-control-system: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
typing operation known as "justification" as that
term is discussed and defined in (1) Note of subclass
1 above, and wherein the justification is accomplished
by way of a programmed-control-system*.
| | (1)
Note. The programmed-control-system is
not particularly described in the patents of this subclass (3), but
rather is referred to as a "register" of a "memory" that
is modified, or a variant of such terminology.
However, it is clearly described as a means for modifying
the operation of a typewriter to produce a justified print-line*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclasses 1.1 through 1.18for static presentation processing (e.g., processing
data for printer, etc.). |
| 715, | Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 243 through 253for document layout processing and subclasses 255
through 272 for document edit, composition, or
storage control processing. |
|
| | |
| 4 | On auxiliary-record-program (e.g., tape, card, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein the programmed-control-system* includes
a set of instructions that may be readily removed from the typewriter
so that another set of instructions may be inserted into the typewriter
to perform a different or modified sequence of justifying operations. |
| | |
| 5 | Magnetic record: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein an auxiliary-record-program* includes
or contains ferrous particles capable of being oriented or reoriented
relative to the auxiliary-record-program, the
orientation of the particles being sensed to effect the control
of the typewriter or the justification of a print-line* typed
thereby. |
| | |
| 6 | With error-correcting storage register: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein the programmed-control-system* includes
a "memory" circuit and means for amending or modifying
the program in the event that a typist has made a mistake in the
typed text or in the justification thereof so that the text may
be retyped with the mistake rectified.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 74, | for error detection and correction of a program
for selection of type-face* elements. |
|
| | |
| 7 | Including artificial or end-of-line hyphen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein the auxiliary-record-program* includes
provision of determining if and where a "hyphen" will
be imprinted at the end of a print-line* and provision
for inserting the hyphen properly.
| | (1)
Note. A hyphen is a punctuation mark comprising
a short line used to indicate the end of a syllable in a word* which has
been divided so that one or more syllables of that word appear on
one print-line and the remainder of the syllables of that
word appear on a succeeding print-line. | |
| | |
| 8 | By using "no-print" device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
typing operation known as "justification" as that
term is discussed and defined in (1) Note to subclass
1 above, and wherein the justification is accomplished
with the use of a means for not printing or suppressing the imprinting
of one or more character* symbols of a print-line*. |
| | |
| 9 | By interword or intercharacter spacing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
typing operation known as "justification" as that
term is discussed and defined in (1) Note of subclass
1 above, and wherein the justification is accomplished
by adding to or subtracting from the character-space* or
the word-space* distances in a print-line*. |
| | |
| 10 | Variable carriage-feed mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein the character-space* or the
word-space* distances are varied for justification
by moving the carriage* in irregular or unequal increments
of movement.
| | (1)
Note. The variable carriage-feed mechanism
that may be used for the typewriter of this subclass is of the kind
that, per se, is found in subclass 303. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 303, | and see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 11 | Carriage slidable relative to its carriage-rack: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
carriage* that is attached to a tab-rack* that
enables the carriage to be moved in a character-space direction
and wherein the character-space or the word-space* distances
are varied for justification by moving the carriage along the tab-rack
in varying or irregular increments required for justification.
| | (1)
Note. A fuller explanation of the relationship between
the various elements of a carriage-feed mechanism will
be found in the definitions of tab-rack and the various
definitions of subclasses indented under 283. | |
| | |
| 12 | By interword spacing only: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein the justification is accomplished
by adding to or subtracting from the word-space* distances
in a print-line*. |
| | |
| 13 | Including plural space-bars for different spacings: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with two
or more space-bar* elements on the key-board* of
the typewriter, each of which space-bar* elements
will effect a word-space* distance different than
the other(s), and wherein justification
is accomplished by using one or another of the space-bars
during the imprinting of the print-line* according
to what distances are needed to justify the print-line. |
| | |
| 14 | By typing line on stretchable medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
typing operation known as "justification" as that
term is discussed and defined in (1) Note to subclass
1 above, and wherein the justification is accomplished
by typing print-line* of character* symbols
on a material that is capable of being elongated.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass justification is accomplished
by typing a print-line on a stretchable ribbon* to
an extent less than that of the desired print-line, and
subsequently adhering either the ribbon or the characters* that
have been imprinted on the ribbon to the record-medium*. | |
| | |
| 15 | Including justification indicator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
typing operation known as "justification" as that
term is discussed and defined in (1) Note to subclass
1 above, and wherein the typewriter is provided with means
for helping the typist to know the need for justification or the
number of character-space* distances required
for justification.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 703, | for other indicator means. |
|
| | |
| 16 | FOR TYPING OR FORMING CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS LINE (E.G., BY "LINER"): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
capable of producing a mark on a record-medium*, which
mark is long in proportion to its breadth.
| | (1)
Note. The mark may be formed by a penlike instrument
that applies ink* to the record-medium in a continuous stroke
or movement of the instrument relative to the record-medium (e.g., by moving
the record-medium with respect to a stationary pen), or
may be formed by impacting the record-medium with a succession
of short marks (e.g., each produced
by a dash) that overlap to form a continuous line, or
the marks may be separated, but taken as a whole form a dotted
line or a dashed line. | |
| | |
| 17 | Including programmed-control-system: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein a programmed-control-system* is
used for giving instructions to which the typewriter responds by
forming said mark (e.g., a line) in
the record-medium*. |
| | |
| 18 | By scriber (e.g., pen, pencil, etc.) or
with scriber guide: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein said mark is formed or produced by
contacting the record-medium* with an instrumentality
that is provided with ink*, pigment, or
coating material that is visible to the eye, and by moving
the record-medium, or the instrumentality while
the record-medium is coated on the record-medium, or
wherein said mark is formed or produced by such an instrumentality
with the help of a device, which device is used by an operator
to direct the course or path of the instrumentality while in contact
with the record-medium.
| | (1)
Note. In this and the indented subclasses, the
scriber is disclosed as an addition to a usual or standard typewriter. | |
| | |
| 19 | For writing in script: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality is moved relative
to the record-medium* in a path that forms cursive
letters (i.e., joined together in
flowing strokes as formed in handwriting). |
| | |
| 20 | Rotatable disc scriber: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality is a plate turned
on an axis and having a thin peripheral edge that is coated with
ink* that is transferred to the record-medium* as
the plate is turned while the edge is in contact with the record-medium
and while relative movement between the plate axis and the record-medium occurs. |
| | |
| 21 | Responsive to carriage movement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
carriage* that carries a platen* that supports
the record-medium*, which carriage is
movable in a direction parallel to a print-line*, and
wherein said mark is formed as a result of the carriage being moved
while a marking instrument or device is brought into contact with
the record-medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 299, | for a similar structure that imprints a succession
of the same character* symbol. |
|
| | |
| 22 | Underscoring concurrently with character imprinting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with type-face* elements
that are selectively impressed against the record-medium* to
imprint character* symbols on the record-medium, and
wherein a mark is imprinted at the same time that a character is
imprinted, the mark being a short line that is imprinted
underneath any of the selected characters. |
| | |
| 23 | FOR TYPING ON FLAT RECORD-MEDIUM OR AGAINST FLAT
PLATEN: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the significance is attributed to
a typewriter in which the record-medium* that
is being typed on is planar or in which the record-medium
is backed by a platen* that is planar.
| | (1)
Note. In the definition of the term platen in the
Glossary, section III, there is a discussion of
some of the various forms of platen. Included therein
is a discussion of the difference between a flat or planar platen
and a cylindrical platen. This and indented subclasses
are the loci of disclosures wherein a typewriter is provided with
a significant flat or planar platen. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 648, | for a cylindrical platen in a typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 24 | For typing on a book: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
particularly intended for typing on a book.
| | (1)
Note. A "book" is an assemblage
of pages* or sheets that have been fastened or bound together.
One of the characteristics of a book that is significant in this subclass
or the subclasses indented hereunder is that pages are turned to
be inverted for recording of information thereon. As a
consequence of such use, the number of pages on one side
of the binding will increase as the number of pages on the other
side of the binding decreases, resulting in unequal thicknesses
of material on each side of the binding. | |
| | |
| 25 | Including a type-head (e.g., cylinder,
disc, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-head* element that carries type-face* elements
thereon.
| | (1)
Note. A type-head is distinguished from a
type-face* in that a type-head carries
in one member a complete (or substantially complete) type-set-assemblage* that includes
many type-faces. | |
| | |
| 26 | Against cylindrical backing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter wherein the book that is being typed on is
supported against movement away from the type-face* that
is impressed against the book, the support being an elongated
member that is circular in cross section.
| | (1)
Note. The back or supporting is similar in configuration
to a cylindrical platen*, but the book is not
partially wrapped about the platen as in the usual typewriter where
the record-medium* encompasses the platen through
approximately 180°. In this typewriter, the
book is approximately tangent to the surface of the cylindrical
backing. | |
| | |
| 29 | For typing on flat blueprint or drawing (e.g., "platenless" typewriter): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which the record-medium* that is being typed
on has length and width dimensions that are substantially greater than
the corresponding dimensions of the typewriter, and wherein
the typewriter is moved in directions parallel to said dimensions
to properly locate the typewriter relative to the record-medium.
| | (1)
Note. The term platenless has been ascribed to such
a typewriter because it does not have a platen* ( in
the usual sense of the word) connected thereto. Instead, the
drawing board or other large, flat surface that ordinarily
supports a blueprint or drawing also supports the typewriter, and
serves as the platen for this form of typewriter. | |
| | |
| 30 | For typing on carton or package: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which the record-medium* that is being typed
on is a three-dimensional object that has flat surfaces
defining its sides, and wherein either the typewriter or
the object may be moved to enable the typewriter to type on one
of the surfaces. |
| | |
| 31 | By multidirectional movement of typewriter structure (e.g., "Elliot-Fisher" structure): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
that is mounted relative to a flat platen* so that the
typewriter, its key-board*, type-bar* members, and
all its operating mechanisms move as a unit in the widthwise and
lengthwise dimensions of the platen.
| | (1)
Note. The term Elliot-Fisher derives from
the names of the persons to whom the invention and development of
this form of typewriter is ascribed. |
| | (2)
Note. This subclass also includes structure for
levelling the carriage* frame relative to the flat platen. | |
| | |
| 32 | Bottom-strike typewriter including type-bar action
or bar platen or anvil platen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements impact against a
flat platen* from underneath the platen, to structure
that moves a type-bar* carrying a type-face
element from its rest position to its impact position, or
to a bar platen (e.g., a platen
having dimensions corresponding to the height of a character* and
the length of a print-line*), or
to an anvil platen (i.e., a
platen having dimensions corresponding to the height and width of
one character).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 408, | for a bottom-strike typewriter and its type-bar
action mechanism. |
|
| | |
| 33 | Top-strike typewriter including pivoted type-bar: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements impact against a
flat platen* from above the platen, and wherein
significance is also attributed to structure that moves a type-bar* carrying
a type-face from its rest position to its impact position, the
movement being arcuate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 415, | for a top-strike typewriter and its type-bar-action
mechanism. |
|
| | |
| 34 | Including carriage-return mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements impact against a
flat platen*, and wherein significance is also
attributed to movement of the carriage* of the typewriter
in a direction opposite to the character-space* direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 313, | for carriage-return mechanism. |
|
| | |
| 35 | Including case-shift by shifting platen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements impact against a
flat platen*, and wherein significance is also
attributed to movement of the platen to accomplish case-shift* from
a lower-case* form of a letter to an upper-case* form
of that letter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 251, | for case-shift mechanism. |
|
| | |
| 36 | Including ribbon-feed mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements impact against a
flat platen* at a print-point*, and
wherein significance is also attributed to mechanism for feeding
a ribbon* relative to the print-point.
| | (1)
Note. Mechanism for feeding a ribbon is found in
subclass 223, which subclasses should be searched for ribbon
feed, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 223, | and see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 37 | For typing on manifold set (e.g., with
type-die, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements or type-die* elements
impact against a record-medium* that is backed
by a flat platen*, and wherein significance is
also attributed to the use of manifold set that includes carbon
paper so that the typewriter produces an original copy and at least
one carbon copy.
| | (1)
Note. The terms "carbon paper" and "manifold
set" are discussed in (1) Note and (2) Note, respectively, of
subclass 497. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 497, | for a cylindrical-platen typewriter for typing
on a manifold set and see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 38 | Including feeding of wide carbon paper transverse to feed
of record-medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein the record-medium* of a
typewriter is fed in a first direction coinciding with the line-space* direction, and
wherein said carbon paper is moved (i.e., fed) in
a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction
and the carbon paper has a width dimension that is relatively large
and approximately equal to the length of a page* of record-medium.
| | (1)
Note. In some typewriters of this subclass the carbon
paper is wound on either a supply roll or a take-up roll
or both. | |
| | |
| 40 | Including clamp or guide for carbon paper: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein the flat platen* or another
portion of the typewriter is provided with means to firmly hold
said carbon paper to the platen, or to lead or direct the
carbon paper relative to the platen. |
| | |
| 42 | Including aligning and feeding manifold set: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein said manifold set includes a plurality
of pieces of web record-medium* interleaved with
a plurality of pieces of web carbon paper, all the pieces
being in surface-to-surface relationship and the
pieces are positioned so that their corresponding side edges are
located adjacent one another or so that a particular indicium that
occurs along the length dimension of one piece is located adjacent
to a corresponding indicium that occurs along the length dimension
of another web, and wherein the manifold set is moved along
the flat platen* in a line-space* direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 606, | for aligning and feeding of plural webs in a standard
typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 43 | Including feed of tally strip: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
feeding of a tally strip in a flat-platen* typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. The term "tally strip" is
discussed in the definition of subclass 586, see the (1) Note
thereof. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 586, | for a cylindrical-platen typewriter for typing
on a tally strip and see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 44 | Including line-spacing mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements impact against a
record-medium* that is backed by a flat platen* at
a print-point*, and wherein significance
is also attributed to effecting relative movement between the record-medium
and the print-point in a step-by-step manner
so that successively imprinted print-lines* will
be spaced apart by line-space* distances.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 545, | for line-spacing by incremental rotation
of a cylindrical platen. |
|
| | |
| 45 | Platen shifted for line-spacing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein line-space distances are effected
by moving the flat platen* along a line that is perpendicular
to the print-line*.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass also includes some typewriters
wherein the platen is shifted for line-spacing and the
platen is also shifted for character-spacing. | |
| | |
| 46 | Including adjustment of line-space distance or
increment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein the extent of the space intervention
between two successive print-lines* may be varied.
| | (1)
Note. The difference between the two kinds of adjustment
herein provided for is as follows: |
| |
If a typist changes the space between one print-line
and the next print-line to be typed, by manual
intervention for the one print-line which is to be differently spaced, that
is an adjustment of line-space* distance. However, if
the typewriter is re-set to change the spaces between any
plurality of print-lines to make those spaces different
from the spaces between a previous plurality of print-lines, that
is adjustment of the line-space increment. | |
| | |
| 47 | Including disengagement of line-spacing mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with means
whereby structure for effecting the relative movement (i.e., of
subclass 44) may be disconnected temporarily.
| | (1)
Note. The disengagement is usually for the purpose
of facilitating the loading of a flat platen* with record-medium*. Also
found herein is a typewriter wherein the line-spacing* mechanism may
be locked against movement. | |
| | |
| 48 | Work support (e.g., sheet
or card holddown or guide, sheet-size platen, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a device
or member for backing the record-medium* as type-face* elements
are impacted thereagainst.
| | (1)
Note. The device or member may include a flat platen*, per
se, for example, characterized as being of dimensions corresponding
to a sheet that it will hold, or may include means for
holding or guiding the record-medium relative to the flat
platen, these being only examples of the subject matter
of this subclass. | |
| | |
| 50 | INCLUDING DELAY MEANS FOR PREVENTING MALFUNCTION IN POWERED
TYPEWRITER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a source of energy other than that
supplied by a typist is used to actuate, or aid a typist
to actuate, mechanism for performing first and second sequential
operations on a typewriter. The typewriter having a capability
of performing each of said operations in an optimum time period
from the instant that each operation has been initiated by a signal, until
the instant that each operation is complete, and wherein
there will be a failure in proper performance of the second operation
if the first operation has not reached a first predetermined stage
of performance before the second operation has reached a second predetermined
state of performance and wherein significance is attributed to sensing
an occurrence wherein a signal to initiate the second operation
has been given prematurely. As a result of such sensed
occurrence, retarding the performance of the second operation
to assure the first operation has reached the first stage before
the second operation reaches the second stage. |
| | |
| 51 | Delay of sequential character rate in programmed-control
typewriter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the sequential operations are regulated
by a programmed-control-system*, and
wherein the first and second operations are each for typing of a
character*, and wherein the retarding of the second
operation is by increasing the period of time for performing the
second operation from said optimum period to a time greater than
said optimum period. |
| | |
| 52 | Delay by storage of next character to be imprinted: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the first and second operations are
each for typing a character*, and wherein after
the second operation has been initiated, it is retarded
by holding it from completion for a predetermined period of time. |
| | |
| 53 | INCLUDING ADJUSTMENT MEANS TO COMPENSATE FOR WEAR: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter whereby attrition of a typewriter part occurs
during use of the typewriter, and wherein significance
is attributed to changing the position of such part relative to another
part to counteract such attrition. |
| | |
| 54 | SAFETY SWITCH OR CONDITION-RESPONSIVE-CUTOFF
SWITCH FOR ELECTRICALLY POWERED TYPEWRITER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein typewriter mechanism is driven with
the help of force derived from electrical energy and wherein significance
is attributed to a device for influencing a circuit through which
the energy is supplied, said device being either for preventing
the typist from being harmed, or for interrupting the circuit
as a result or characteristic of the state of the environment or
the occurrence of a predetermined event in a typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. Examples of devices provided for in this subclass
are a switch which cannot be placed in an "on" position
unless a cover prevents access to the electrically powered mechanism, and
a switch that will automatically turn the power "off" after
a preset time interval if the typewriter is left unattended. | |
| | |
| 55 | INCLUDING ADJUSTMENT FOR OPTIMUM PRINTING PLANE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to adjustment
of the optimum printing plane of a typewriter as that term is discussed
and defined in (1) Note below.
| | (1)
Note. In over simplified terms, a typewriter
requires at least two elements for a typing operation.
One of these elements is a type-member* that impacts against
a record-medium* at a print-point*; another
of these elements is a platen* that serves to prevent movement of
the record-medium away from the type-member during
impact. (Obviously, other structures
and mechanisms are also required for operation, but discussion
of these may be deferred.) The type-member
includes a type-face* that lies in a plane; the
platen includes a surface that lies in a plane. In the
instance of a cylindrical platen, the platen plane is theoretically
tangent to the peripheral surface of the platen, whereas
the surface itself is arcuate, therefore not planar, but considering
the small area of a character* compared to the area of
a cylindrical platen, the difference between the arcuate
surface and the tangent plane is minimal; the platen plane
can be considered as planar. Theoretically, the
platen plane should coincide with the type-face plane when
the type-face is at the print-point to ensure
an imprinted character that is uniformly legible at any point on
its area. Actually, the two planes cannot coincide because
of the thickness of the record-medium and the thickness
of a ribbon*, both of which lie between the two
planes in most typewriters, but at the very minimum the
two planes should be parallel, one to the other. Because
in an actual typewriter the planes may become out of parallelism
with each other, it is necessary to provide means to adjust
either the platen plane or the type-face plane, or both, to
correct the possible misalignment. Moreover, in
an actual typewriter the number or thickness of record-medium
sheets may vary. If the record-medium of greater
than usual thickness is used, the type-face will
impact the surface of the record-medium at a print-point
that is further from the axis of the platen than is usual. The
type-face plane would not be parallel to the plane of the record-medium
at the new print-point. To summarize, the "optimum
printing plane" is the plane at which the type-face and
the record-medium best meet to form an imprinted character
that is uniformly legible at any point on its area, and
is the result of adjustments to the typewriter to ensure the coincidence
and parallelism of the record-medium with the type-face
at the print-point. | |
| | |
| 56 | Responsive to thickness of record-medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the thickness dimension of the record-medium* (i.e., its
dimension perpendicular to a surface area) is measured, and
the adjustment of the optimum printing plane is made by the typewriter
as a result of such measurement. |
| | |
| 59 | By adjustment of carriage (e.g., carriage-guide
rollers): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the optimum printing plane is adjusted
by varying the position of the carriage* of the typewriter
with respect to the print-point.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass the position of roller elements
or the carriage frame on which the carriage moves to and fro is adjusted. | |
| | |
| 60 | Via adjustment of case-shift linkage: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
case-shift mechanism that is connected to the carriage* for
choice of upper-case* or lower-case* form
of type-face* element, and wherein the
optimum printing plane is adjusted by varying the position of the
carriage with respect to the case-shift mechanism. |
| | |
| 61 | INCLUDING CONTROL OF FORMAT AND SELECTION OF TYPE-FACE
BY PROGRAMMED-CONTROL-SYSTEM (E.G., INPUT
TYPEWRITER): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a programmed-control-system* governs
the operation of a typewriter so as to control the format of the text
to be imprinted on a record-medium* and so as
to impress selected or chosen type-face* elements
against the record-medium.
| | (1)
Note. The term "format" refers
to physical appearance. As used in the typewriter art
the term refers to the appearance of a page* of text of
typewritten character* symbols. Control of format
involves (a) movement of the record-medium
in the line-space* direction (i.e., the "Y" direction
of a graph) to locate the record-medium at a desired print-line* location
and (b) movement of the carriage* (e.g., a
platen* carriage or a type-head* carriage) in
a character-space* direction (i.e., the "X" direction of
a graph) to locate the first-imprinted-character
symbol of the print-line along that print-line. Format
control also governs such function* operations as carriage
return (Found, per se, in subclass 313), tabulation (found, per
se, in subclass 284), subsequent line-spacing* (found, per
se, in subclass 545), or record-medium
feeding (found, per se, in subclasses
578), (these functions being only exemplary) so
that the entire format of the printed text on the record-medium is
controlled. In some typewriters having format control
the typewriter or the program is capable of being modified to change
the format as desired. For example, a paragraph
of text comprising six print-lines, each print-line
having approximately 70 characters thereon, may be changed
to a paragraph comprising 12 print-lines, each
print-line having approximately 35 characters thereon; or the
distance between successive print-lines may be varied as
desired to compress or expand the typed text to fit a page. |
| | (2)
Note. In the typewriter of this and indented subclasses, the
programmed-control-system also governs the operation
to select or choose the type-face elements that are to
be used to imprint the characters in sequence. The difference between "select" and "choose" as
to type-face, is discussed in the glossary under
definitions such as case-shift*, type-face-carrier*, type-head, and
type-head-carrier*. Briefly, a
particular type-face is selected from among the many available
from a type-set-assemblage, whereas an
upper-case* form of letter (As distinguished
from a lower-case* form of the same letter) is
chosen from the forms available on one key* element. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 70, | for selection of type-face by a programmed-control-system. |
| 76, | for control of format by a programmed-control-system. |
|
| | |
| 62 | Including means for responding to input program or incoming
signals and providing output program or signals representing typing
operations (e.g., output typewriter): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is governed by an
auxiliary-record-program* or is governed
by an instrumentality outside of the typewriter, which
instrumentality transmits to the typewriter the instructions necessary
to control the typing functions* and type-face* selections
and choices, and wherein the typewriter also generates
an auxiliary-record-program or also generates
the instructions necessary to control the typing functions and type-face
selections and choices for another typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. The typewriter of this subclass is known as
an "input-output" typewriter in the art.
The "input" of this typewriter may be from a program
in the form of a punched or magnetic tape or other record, or
may be in the form of signals from a "computer" or "register" or "memory" outside
of the typewriter. The "output" of this
typewriter may also be in the form of a program tape or other record, or
may be in the form of signals to a "computer" or "register" or "memory", the
signals being generated in response to depression of the key* elements
on a key-board* by a typist and being transmitted
to another typewriter. The typewriter of this subclass
is capable of responding to an input and of producing an output.
Also a typewriter of this subclass could be one of several typewriters
in a chain wherein the "input" of one typewriter
is converted to an "output" of that typewriter, which "output" of
the first typewriter becomes the "input" of a
second typewriter, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 80, | for an "output" typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 63 | Including editing or revision system: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
capable of editing or revision as those terms are discussed and
explained in the notes below.
| | (1)
Note. The term "revision" is applied
to an operation wherein the text of typewritten material is changed. Typically, a typist
types a "rough draft" text and generates a "rough
draft program". The text is proof-read
and various changes are indicated where necessary to add, delete, modify
spelling, or otherwise correct the text. The
typist or proofreader then locates on the rough draft text and program
the portion of text to be changed and reprograms to correct the
text. The reprogrammed corrections may be put onto a correction
program or onto the rough draft program or onto another instrumentality.
The correction program is then combined with the rough draft program
to in corporate all the changes and corrections into a master program which
is then used to reproduce as many original copies as are desired.
A revision system typewriter is sometimes used as an input or as
an output, and usually additional equipment is necessary
to correlate the changes so that they may be entered properly in
the master program. |
| | (2)
Note. The term "editing" is applied
to an operation wherein the appearance (e.g., the
format) as well as the text of typewritten material is
changed. An editing system will usually operate similarly
to a revision system, but will include changes such as "centering", "indent
paragraphing", or other format control changes. An
incoming program (i.e., input) will be
modified by appropriate equipment to perform format control or character-selection
control that is different from the original program. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 709, | Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing
Systems: Multiple Computer or Process Coordinating, appropriate subclassesfor data transferring among multiple computer
and digital processing systems. |
| 710, | Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing
Systems: Input/Output,
subclasses 1+ for transferring data from one or more peripherals
to one or more computers for the latter to process, store, or
further transfer or for transferring data from the computers to
the peripherals. |
| 715, | Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and
Screen Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 243 through 253for document layout processing and subclasses 255
through 272 for document edit, composition, or
storage control processing. |
|
| | |
| 64 | Including right-hand margin control system: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the programmed-control-system* governs
the location or extent of the margin* at the right side
of the record-medium* that is being typed on.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass the "input" to the typewriter
does not include right-hand margin control and such control is added by
the system, or the system does particularly include a right-hand
margin control and such control is either retained or is particularly
modified by the system. The operation known as "justification" is not
included here, but is to be found in subclass 1. | |
| | |
| 65 | Including typing of s:graphical representations: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the programmed-control-system* governs
the operation of a typewriter so as to imprint character* symbols
and also governs the operation of said typewriter so as to produce
a graph denoting the imprinted character symbols.
| | (1)
Note. A "graph" is defined as a diagram representing
a system of connections or interrelations among two or more things by
a number of distinctive dots, bars, etc. The graph or chart produced
in this subclass represents the letter characters or number characters
that are imprinted by the typewriter. | |
| | |
| 66 | Including baseplate attachment with electromagnets for
input or output operations: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a mechanism
that is connected as an adjunct to a typewriter, which mechanism
is used to convert a typewriter that is operable by a typist depressing
the key* elements of the key-board* to a typewriter
that is operable by a programmed-control-system*, and which mechanism
is located underneath the typewriter and operates the type-face* selecting
or choosing means and the function* operations of the typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. Usually the attachment is used to convert a standard
typewriter to an input-output typewriter, but it may also be part
of the typewriter that is used as a "computer terminal". | |
| | |
| 67 | Separate interrelated programs: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with at
least two programmed-control-system* programs, each of
which programs is intended for a different sequence of operations
to be performed, by the typewriter, and the programs being coordinated
to produce a final text.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass, one of the programs may be for the
selection or choice of character* symbols and another program
may be for the line-space* or the character-space* control,
and both programs are used together. | |
| | |
| 68 | Including message writing (e.g., address program, form-letter
program, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein at least one of the programs effects
the typing of a part of a communication of information and another
of the programs effects the typing of another part of the same communication.
| | (1)
Note. An example of the subject matter of this subclass is
a program for typing the body of a letter (i.e., "letter" in
the sense of a piece of correspondence) that will be sent to various
people, and a plurality of programs, each program for typing the
address of each of the people to whom the correspondence will be
sent. | |
| | |
| 69 | Type-face selection via magnetic program tape: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the program-control-systems* includes
an auxiliary-record-program* that comprises a band or ribbon* of material
containing ferrous particles capable of being oriented or reoriented
relative to the band or tape, the orientation of the particles being sensed
to effect selection or choice of the type-face* elements
that will be impressed against the record-medium* to effect
imprint of character* symbols in sequence. |
| | |
| 70 | INCLUDING SELECTION OF TYPE-FACE BY PROGRAMMED-CONTROL-SYSTEM
OR BY REMOTE CONTROL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a programmed-control-system or a
signal from outside of a typewriter governs the operation of the
typewriter so as to impress selected or chosen type-face* elements
against the record-medium* to imprint character* symbols
successively.
| | (1)
Note. In the typewriter of this and indented subclasses the
programmed-control-system is used to select or choose the type-face
elements that are to imprint the characters in sequence. The difference
between "select" and "choose" as
to the type-face element is discussed in the glossary, section
III, under definitions such as case-shift*, type-face-carrier*,
type-head*, and type-head-carrier*. Briefly,
A particular type-face is selected from among the many available
from a type-set-assemblage*, whereas an upper-case* form
of letter (As distinguished from a lower-case* form of
the same letter) is chosen from the forms of that letter available
on one key* element. |
| | (2)
Note. The signal from outside the typewriter that governs
the operation of the typewriter is usually referred to in such functional
terms as "reader", "translator", "storage", "input",
etc. it is not a remote signal such as that transmitted by a printing
telegraph of Class 178. See (1) note to Class 178, Telegraphy,
in section IV of the class definition of this class (400), for the
distinction between this class (400) and Class 178, Telegraphy. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 61, | for selection of type-face and control of format
by a programmed-control-system. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 178, | Telegraphy, and (2) note above. |
|
| | |
| 71 | Plural typewriters coupled for simultaneous operation (e.g., "master-slave" relationship): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter wherein a first typewriter, while it is operating
to type on a record-medium*, produces signals. These signals
(i.e., signals from inside the first typewriter, but from outside
a second typewriter) are used to govern the operation of the second
typewriter concurrently with the operation of the first typewriter, whereby
corresponding character* symbols are typed onto a second
record-medium at the same time that character symbols are typed onto
the first record-medium by operation of the key-board* of
the first typewriter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 77, | for a typewriter coupled to an information-recording
machine. |
|
| | |
| 72 | Including character-selection latches (e.g., for type-face
selection): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter wherein the programmed-control-system* governs
the selection or choice of a type-face* element that is
part of a type-head* by way of components known in the typewriter
industry as "character-selection latches".
| | (1)
Note. The term character-selection latch refers to a component
used in a typewriter having a spheroidal type-head that is supported
by a type-head-carrier* that is mounted on a type-head
carrier* (see the definition of carriage in the glossary).
A typewriter of this subclass is provided with a plurality of these
components (usually five or six), each of which is hook shaped to "latch" to
a common actuator bar or member and is connected to a "whiffletree" arrangement
of links. A signal representing a selected character* or
function* causes one or character is selected, certain
of the components will be latched and when another particular character
is selected, other components will be latched or a different permutation
of components will be latched. Movement of the common actuator
will move those components that have been permutatively latched
thereto. Movement of the latched components will move the links of
the whiffletree, and movement of the whiffletree links will be converted
into tilting and/or rotational movement of a spheroidal
type-head to thereby position the selected type-face so that movement of
the type-head-carrier to the record-medium* will effect
imprint of the selected character, or movement of the whiffletree
links will be converted into movement of a selected function* (e.g., case-shift*). | |
| | |
| 73 | Including particular reader structure and operation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to means
for converting the information stored on the program of a programmed-control-system* into
the operation of selection or choice of a particular type-face* element
and motion of the selected or chosen type-face to the record-medium*.
| | (1)
Note. In the patents of this subclass the converting means
(i.e., the "reader") is specifically claimed as
a part of the typewriter that controls the operation of the typewriter
in specific terms. In other words, the typewriter is more than merely
named as a load for the reader. The reader having a named typewriter
is classified elsewhere, see the search class note below. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclass 1.6 for a reader of a programmed control system together with
a named typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 74 | Including error detection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a portion
of the program of a programmed-control-system* which provides verification
of the text to insure that the character* symbols that
are being imprinted on the record-medium* are the characters
that the programmed-control-system is instructing the typewriter
to imprint.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 6, | for an error-correcting storage register in a "justification" typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 75 | Including type-bar selection using mechanical program: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter wherein the type-face* elements are
mounted on type-bar* members, and wherein the programmed-control-systems* includes
an auxiliary-record-program* that is directly linked to
means for actuating the type-bars for selection of the type-faces
to be impressed against the record-medium*, or is directly
linked to a case-shift* mechanism for choice of the upper-case* or
lower-case* form of the type-face to be impressed against
the record-medium.
| | (1)
Note. In the typewriter of this subclass a plurality of type-bars
are used, each type-bar carrying usually two type-faces thereon,
one type-face for upper-case and another type-face for lower-case character.
Also the typewriter of this subclass does not use an electrical "reader" of
the program for converting the program to signals that cause actuation
of the type-faces, but instead, this typewriter actuates the typefaces
directly from the program. | |
| | |
| 76 | INCLUDING CONTROL OF FORMAT BY PROGRAMMED-CONTROL-SYSTEM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a programmed-control-system* governs
the operation of a typewriter so as to control the format of the text
to be imprinted on a record-medium*.
| | (1)
Note. The term "format" is discussed in (1)
Note of subclass 61, above. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 61, | for control of format and selection of type-face* by
a programmed-control-system. |
|
| | |
| 77 | TYPEWRITER CONTROLS OTHER INFORMATION RECORDER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a first typewriter is capable of
operation of imprint character* symbols on a record-medium*,
and wherein another machine is capable of operation to imprint character
symbols or to form indicia on the same or on another record-medium,
and wherein operation of the first typewriter concurrently influences
the operation of the other machine.
| | (1)
Note. The other machine may be a printing machine, an accounting
machine, a card-punch machine, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 71, | for a typewriter that controls another typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 78 | Typewriter controls apparatus used for accounting function: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein the other machine influenced by the
first typewriter is a machine which prints indicia on a Record-Medium*, said
indicia resulting from a mathematical computation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 235, | Registers, for a mechanical device or a record controlled system
for performing a mathematical computation. |
| 705, | Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice,
Management, or Cost/price Determination,
subclasses 30+ for an electrical data processing accounting system. |
|
| | |
| 79 | And a tape-punch or card-punch apparatus: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein operation of the first typewriter
also concurrently influences a machine for providing indicia in
the form of apertures in a sheet or web of material.
| | (1)
Note. A sheet is a relatively thin piece of material having
determinate width and determinate length. A web is a relatively thin
piece of material having determinate width and indeterminate length.
A card is a sheet that is slightly thicker than a sheet and therefore
stiffer than a sheet. | |
| | |
| 82 | INCLUDING PLURAL, INDEPENDENTLY SUPPORTED KEY-BOARDS, PLATENS,
OR TYPE-SET-ASSEMBLAGES: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein there is provided more than one key-board* mounted
separate from each other, or there is provided more than one platen* mounted
separate from each other, or there is provided more than one type-set-assemblage* mounted
separate from each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 353, | for a typewriter having an auxiliary carriage*. |
| 585, | for a typewriter having a divided platen. |
|
| | |
| 83 | DISPLAYING TYPEWRITER-FORMED REPRESENTATION OF PRINT-LINE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
showing to the typist or another person a visible expression or
designation of the character* symbols that are to be or are
being imprinted on a record-medium* as a print-line*. |
| | |
| 84 | By projecting typed image on screen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein the visible expression or designation
is cast or exhibited by way of an optical system that includes a
surface on which the likeness of the print-line* on the
record-medium* is visible. |
| | |
| 86 | OPERATING BY SOUND: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
responsive to the sound of the human voice to perform typing operations. |
| | |
| 87 | FOR OPERATION BY A HANDICAPPED USER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
intended to be operated by a typist whose physical capacities are limited.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 475, | for a typewriter wherein some functions are foot
actuated. |
|
| | |
| 88 | POCKET TYPEWRITER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
that is sufficiently small to be carried on the person of a user within
a pocket or handbag. |
| | |
| 89 | KEY REASSIGNMENT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which changes the relationship between the
key designation and the printed character.
| | (1)
Note. The term key designation includes either a change in
actuated printing element or key designator (e.g., mask or overlay). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 380, | Cryptography,
subclass 51 and 55 for a cryptos:graphic typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 90 | Electrically powered: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
that is operated with the help of electricity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 380, | Cryptography,
subclass 55 for an electrical cryptos:graphic typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 91 | STENOGRAPHIC TYPEWRITER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
intended to be used while typing in "shorthand" or
stenos:graphically.
| | (1)
Note. Various terms are used in the art to refer to such
a typewriter, including "shorthand", "steno-typograph" and "tachygraphic",
and variations of such words. A typewriter capable of stenos:graphic
operation has a distinctive appearance that is different from that of
the usual typewriter. The keyboard* is arranged so that
plural key* elements are pressed simultaneously by the
fingers of one or both hands of the typist, and the type-face* elements
are impressed against the record-medium* simultaneously
in groups. The imprinted character* symbols therefore
appear in the record-medium in groups, and the record-medium, which
is usually a relatively narrow strip of elongated material, is moved
after each group of characters have been imprinted thereon. The
stenotypist thus forms groups of characters in succession, each
group corresponding to a syllable of a word*, thus the
operation of such a typewriter can be rapid and can be used while
recording a spoken conversation. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 482, | for a key-board specialized for use in a stenographic
typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 92 | Using common-letter type-face: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein the type-face* elements in
the stenographic typewriter are of the form or in one of the Fonts* that
is normal and usual in a typewriter. |
| | |
| 94 | Electrically powered: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a stenographic
typewriter that is operated with the help of electricity. |
| | |
| 95 | LOGOTYPE TYPEWRITER (E.G., WORD TYPING): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which one or more of the imprinting members is formed as an assemblage
of type-face* or type-die* elements, each of which
elements imprints simultaneously or in quick succession one with
the others as if the assemblage was a single element, thus imprinting
a plurality of character* symbols on the record-medium* by
the one impression of the member.
| | (1)
Note. The difference between this form of typewriter and
a printing machine proper for Class 101 is discussed in section
IV of the definition of this class (400), under the note to Class
101 in (1) note of section IV. | |
| | |
| 96 | Including date-stamp type-face: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein at least one of the imprinting members
is a typeface* or an assemblage of type-face elements that
form character* symbols representing the name or number
of a month or day or year. |
| | |
| 97 | Including signature type-face: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein at least one of the imprinting members
is a typeface* or an assemblage of type-face elements that
form character* symbols representing a person"s name
as written by that person. |
| | |
| 98 | Actuation of single key types plural characters: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein depression of one key* element
by a typist will effect the impressing of more than one type-face* element
onto a record-medium*
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass separate type-face elements imprint
corresponding character* symbols in quick succession when
a single key is depressed. | |
| | |
| 99 | Characters typed simultaneously: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter wherein depression of one key* element
will effect the impressing of more than one type-face* element
onto a record-medium* at the same time. |
| | |
| 100 | PLURAL-KEY-ACTUATED TYPEWRITER (E.G., PERMUTATIVE KEY-BOARD): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which a single type-face* element is caused to be impressed against
a record-medium* to imprint a single character* symbol,
the actuation of said single type-face being initiated or powered
by the pressing of a plurality of key* elements on the key-board*.
| | (1)
Note. As discussed in the definitions of character, key,
and type-member* in the glossary, section III, most typewriters are
provided with a mechanism whereby a single key element is selected
by a typist and pressed to cause a single type-face to be impressed
against a record-medium to imprint a single character on the record-medium.
In a typewriter of this and indented subclasses a plurality of
key elements are pressed by the typist to imprint a single character
on the record-medium. This typewriter uses a "permutative" mechanism
in the key-lever linkage and the type-bar* or type-head* action
linkage which changes the linkages and enables a particular selection
of pressed key elements to imprint a selected character and enables
another particular selection of pressed key elements to imprint
another selected character. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 472, | for a key-board in a standard typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 102 | Having type-faces disposed on rotatable type-head: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a type-face* element is carried
by a type-head* element that turns about an axis while
the typeface that is to be selected or chosen is moved to a position
where the type-face will be impressed against the record-medium*. |
| | |
| 103 | CODE-PRINTING TYPEWRITER (E.G., FOR PRINTING A PATTERN
OR MARK): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
that is capable of imprinting a mark or spot of ink* on
a record-medium*, the imprint of a succession of such marks
or spots forming a particular coded pattern.
| | (1)
Note. A typewriter of this and indented subclasses may be
capable of imprinting a succession of character* symbols
that together from an intelligible text, but this typewriter is
also capable of imprinting a pattern that is sensed or "read" by another
machine or a pattern that forms a picture to a human"s
eye. In some instances the pattern embodies a sequence of number
digits, but the digits represent a pattern of indicia or signs rather
than a numerical value. | |
| | |
| 104 | For typing and encoding: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is capable of imprinting
in a normal or usual English Alphabet as well as capable of imprinting
a mark or spot of ink* on the record-medium*. |
| | |
| 105 | Including magnetic encoding: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter wherein the mark or spot of ink* that
is imprinted is in the form of ferrous particles capable of being
oriented or reoriented by magnetism, or is in the form of ink containing
such ferrous particles. |
| | |
| 108 | For marking laundry: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
imprinting of a mark or spot of ink* on an article of apparel
that is to be washed. |
| | |
| 109 | FOREIGN-LANGUAGE TYPEWRITER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
that is capable of imprinting character* symbols in an
alphabet other than the standard English alphabet.
| | (1)
Note. The standard "English" alphabet is
one that is derived from the Roman or Latin alphabet, and therefore
is common to languages used in many European countries, including
most of the western European countries. This and indented subclasses
provide for a typewriter capable of typing in such alphabets as
Cryllic (e.g., for Russian, Bulgarian or Serbian), Semitic (e.g.,
Arabic, Hebrew), Greek, Medieval German, etc., or is capable of typing
such oriental languages as Chinese, Japanese, etc., the enumeration being
only exemplary. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 484, | for a key-board* specialized for use in a
foreign-language typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 109.1 | Braille: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter wherein the character* symbols are
embossed in the record-medium* so as to be discerned by
tactile sensation.
| | (1)
Note. The typewriter of this subclass usually forms a character* in
the form of a pattern of embossments, each different pattern representing
a different letter or number or other symbol. A trained blind person
feels the different patterns with his/her fingers and so "reads" the
character*s that form the text. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 483, | for a key-board* intended for use in a "Braille" typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 110 | Including oriental language: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is capable of imprinting
character* symbols used in an oriental language.
| | (1)
Note. An "Oriental" language is one that is
used by the inhabitants of Asia. Such languages as Chinese, Japanese,
Burmese, etc. are examples of Oriental languages. | |
| | |
| 111 | Including semitic language: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is capable of imprinting
character* symbols used in a Semitic language.
| | (1)
Note. A "Semitic" language is one that is
used by such people as Arabs and Hebrews. It is characterized by
being written and read from right to left. | |
| | |
| 112 | ANNULAR TYPEWRITER (E.G., FOR TYPING AROUND CIRCUMFERENCE OF
PLATEN): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
having a cylindrical or partially cylindrical platen* for
supporting or backing a record-medium* in which typewriter
character* symbols are imprinted on the record-medium in
such manner that each successively imprinted character in a direction extending
around the periphery of the platen.
| | (1)
Note. Successive characters may be imprinted in a helical
arrangement around the periphery, thus requiring no mechanism for
line-space* distances, or the platen may be moved axially between
successive print-line* typing, thus producing line-spaces. | |
| | |
| 113 | Including vertically disposed platen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein said platen* turns about an
axis during use of the typewriter, and wherein said axis extends
upwardly relative to the typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. The turning of the platen is in increments corresponding
to character-space* distances and may be rotated in one
direction for a cylindrical platen or be rotated by increments followed
by oscillation in a return direction for a partially cylindrical
platen. | |
| | |
| 115 | Power actuated: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein one or more mechanisms of the typewriter
is/are driven with the help of energy derived from a source
other than the energy of the typist. |
| | |
| 116 | MUSIC-ROLL OR MUSICAL-NOTATION TYPEWRITER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
capable of imprinting character* symbols on a music roll,
or capable of imprinting character symbols representing the notes
used for indicating the signs and tones of a musical composition.
| | (1)
Note. A "music roll" is a web of record-medium* having
holes therein, the holes controlling the playing of a "player piano".
In the typewriter of this subclass the music roll is also imprinted
with the words of the song being played on the player piano, so
that a user may sing along with the music being played. | |
| | |
| 117 | Musical-notation typewriter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
capable of imprinting character* symbols representing the
notes used for indicating the signs and tones of a musical composition. |
| | |
| 118.1 | TYPING BY HEATED DIE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which character* symbols are successively imprinted
or formed in or on a surface of a record-medium* by applying
a piece of metal having a form (image) therein directly against
said record-medium* and heating said metal to thereby provide
the image on the record-medium*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 120.01+, | for apparatus for recording utilizing heat applied
indirectly to the record-medium*. |
|
| | |
| 118.2 | TYPING BY OTHER THAN TYPE-FACE OR TYPE-DIE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which character* symbols are successively imprinted
or formed on a surface of a record-medium* by forming the
character* portion by portion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 345, | Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems, subclasses 467-472.3 for character or font generation
and display. |
| 358, | Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclasses 1.1 through 1.18for processing of data for presentation to the
print-head. |
| 715, | Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document,
Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing, appropriate subclassesfor document processing performed by a computer
for presentation. |
|
| | |
| 118.3 | Electroconductive transfer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 118.2. Subject matter wherein a recording means conducts current
through a resistive layer of the record-medium* or an ink* carrier
for generating heat to produce a record upon the record-medium* by
the reason of the medium becoming scorched, burned, marked, or otherwise thermochemically
changed. |
| | |
| 120.01 | Thermal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 118.2. Subject matter wherein a recording means, due to its being
in a heated condition, produces a record upon the record-medium* as
by reason of the medium becoming scorched, burned, marked, or otherwise
thermochemically changed. |
| | |
| 120.05 | Block driving: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Subject matter wherein the recording means comprises recording
elements grouped into sections capable of being selectively energized. |
| | |
| 120.08 | Preheating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Subject matter wherein the recording means, record-medium*,
or ink*-carrier is warmed-up prior to recording. |
| | |
| 120.09 | Density control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Subject matter comprising a regulating means for controlling
the amount of energy supplied to the recording means to maintain
a uniform output on the record. |
| | |
| 120.12 | By voltage regulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 120.09. Subject matter wherein the regulating means responds to
changes in electrical potential across a heating element used for
heating the recording means. |
| | |
| 120.13 | By transfer material or record receiver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 120.09. Subject matter wherein the regulating means is responsive
to a parameter associated with the ink* carrier, the ink*,
or the record-medium*.
| | (1)
Note. Examples of the parameter are: the thickness of the
ink* carrier, the thickness of the paper, the volatility
of the ink*, etc. | |
| | |
| 120.16 | Recording means support or actuator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Subject matter comprising a mechanism for holding or moving
the recording means from an operative position in which the recording
means is pressed against the record-medium* to an inoperative
position in which the recording means is released from pressing engagement
with the record-medium*. |
| | |
| 120.17 | Adjustable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 120.16. Subject matter comprising means for selectively varying
pressure applying the recording means against the record-medium*. |
| | |
| 124.01 | Character formation by impact (e.g., wire matrix): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 118.2. Subject matter wherein the character* symbol is
formed on the record-medium by percussing two or more discrete elements
(i.e., impact members) arranged in a group by use of an actuator
directly or indirectly against the record-medium*.
| | (1)
Note. The discrete elements are arranged into the configuration
of a selected character*, the same or different discrete
elements being selectable to arrange such elements into the configuration
of a different selected character*, wherein each of the
discrete elements is a member that is movable from a rest position
where it does not effect imprinting to an active position where
it effects printing, and wherein the configuration of a selected
character* symbol is formed by moving selected members from
a rest position to an active position by energization of actuators
in the printhead. | |
| | |
| 124.02 | With signal conditioning: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.01. Subject matter including an electrically powered actuator
and means to modify the input power thereof (i.e., the signal) to
control operating parameters of the actuator.
| | (1)
Note. These parameters include: length of actuation, strength
of actuation, and exact time of actuation. | |
| | |
| 124.03 | Overheat protection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.02. Subject matter wherein the input power is modified to prevent
excessive temperatures in the actuator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 124.13, | for details of the structure of the printhead which
dissipates heat produced by the printhead. |
|
| | |
| 124.05 | Control of drive force: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.02. Subject matter wherein the input power is modified in order
to change the strength of the pressure applied by the impact member
against the record-medium*. |
| | |
| 124.06 | Manifold form or plural copies: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.05. Subject matter wherein the force which is applied to the
record-medium* by the impact members is varied according
to the number of sheets of the record-medium* being printed
upon. |
| | |
| 124.08 | Plural printheads: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.01. Subject matter including more than one discrete groupings
of impact members arranged along the print-line*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 82, | for typewriters which have more than one printhead,
which may be more than one type of printhead. |
|
| | |
| 124.09 | Multicolor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.08. Subject matter wherein the character* symbol or
successive character* symbols produced are polychromatic.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 120.02+, | for thermal printers which print in multiple colors. |
| 216.1, | for ribbon* movement systems which are
used in multicolor printers. |
| 240+, | for specifics of ribbon*s having multiple
colors thereon. |
|
| | |
| 124.1 | With inking: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.01. Subject matter wherein ink* is applied to the impact
members prior to the impact members percussing the record-medium*.
| | (1)
Note. This is generally done by providing a reservoir for
ink* on the printhead, and the impact members are driven through
or next to a pad which distributes the ink* onto the impact
members. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 470+, | for structure which directly inks type-faces in
a typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 124.11 | Printhead: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.01. Subject matter including significant structure of the impact
member, the actuators, or the housing therefor (i.e., the printhead). |
| | |
| 124.12 | Having assembly means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter including structure for interconnecting portions
of the printhead together or for connecting the printhead to a support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working, various subclasses for methods of assembly of printheads. |
|
| | |
| 124.13 | Overheat protection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter including cooling means.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass is limited to patents wherein the printhead
has structure for transferring heat therefrom, e.g., fins, fluid
flow means, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 124.03, | for ways of controlling the power to the printhead
to reduce heat buildup. |
|
| | |
| 124.14 | With actuator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter including significant structure of the means
for applying percussing force to the impact members (i.e., the actuator).
| | (1)
Note. Patents claiming a printhead having significant actuator
structure are classified here. | |
| | |
| 124.16 | Electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, or piezoelectric: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.14. Subject matter wherein the percussive force is produced
in the actuator by periodic deformation of a dielectric body as
a result of an applied electric or magnetic field or electric voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 310, | Electric Generator or Motor Structure,
subclasses 311+ for specifics of general purpose piezoelectric
actuators. |
|
| | |
| 124.17 | Actuator having electromagnet: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.14. Subject matter wherein the means for producing the percussive
force includes a looped conductor for conducting electrical current
which produces a magnetic* field.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 335, | Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches,
Magnets, and Electromagnets,
subclasses 209+ , for details of specific electromagnet structure. |
|
| | |
| 124.18 | Electrical component: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.17. Subject matter including significant structure to an electric
circuit or any portion thereof for conducting electric current through the
looped conductor.
| | (1)
Note. The electromagnet is not considered to be a part of
the "significant structure to an electric circuit" for
purposes of classification in this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. This subclass could include, for example, a printhead
with an electromagnet having a particular electrical terminal or
connector, etc. | |
| | |
| 124.19 | Moving coil: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.18. Subject matter wherein the looped conductor is displaceable
relative to the housing responsive to the magnetic* field
produced therein. |
| | |
| 124.2 | Permanent magnet: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.18. Subject matter wherein the magnetic* field acts
against the magnetic* field of a material which is magnetically
polarized.
| | (1)
Note. This does not include magnetic* fields which
exist for a moving coil. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 335, | Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches,
Magnets, and Electromagnets,
subclasses 229+ for general purpose electromagnets which include
a permanent magnet. |
|
| | |
| 124.22 | Backstop: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.21. Subject matter including significant structure of means
for halting movement of the actuator towards its rest position. |
| | |
| 124.23 | Armature structure or mounting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.17. Subject matter including significant structure of a movable
portion of the electromagnet or support means therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 124.31, | for details of the attachment of an impact member
to an electromagnetically driven actuator. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 335, | Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches,
Magnets, and Electromagnets,
subclasses 270+ for details of mounting general purpose electromagnetic* actuators,
and subclasses 279+ for structure of armatures used in
general purpose electromagnets. |
|
| | |
| 124.25 | With lubricator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.24. Subject matter including means for applying a friction reducing
substance between the impact member and the directing means. |
| | |
| 124.27 | Including shifting of guide: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.24. Subject matter wherein the impact member directing means
is movable relative to the housing or to a carriage* which
supports the housing.
| | (1)
Note. This is usually done in order to increase the density
of output by shifting one set of impact members relative to another
on the same printhead. | |
| | |
| 124.28 | Impact member tip arrangement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
layout of the record-medium* contacting portion of the
impact members within the housing.
| | (1)
Note. To be in this subclass, the layout should be arranged
in other than a straight line. | |
| | |
| 124.3 | Tip cross-section: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.29. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
shape of the portion of the impact member that impacts against the
record-medium*.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass does not include impact members which
are uniformly circular. | |
| | |
| 124.31 | With attachment or engagement means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.29. Subject matter including means for connecting or interfacing
the impact member with an actuator.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes caps which are formed on the
impact members. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 124.23, | for details of an electromagnetically driven actuator. |
|
| | |
| 124.32 | Specific material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 124.29. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
material which forms the impact member.
| | (1)
Note. This includes but is not limited to different materials
for the impact tip as opposed to the remainder of the impact member. | |
| | |
| 127 | TYPING TO PRODUCE EMBOSSED CHARACTER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which imprinting on a record-medium* is accomplished
by a type-die* that contacts a surface of the record-medium
and permanently deforms the surface to raise or lower the contacted
surface relative to the uncontacted surface into a line representing
a character*.
| | (1)
Note. An example of the form of typing accomplished by the
typewriter of this and indented subclasses is the making of a credit
card or an address plate having letters and symbols raised above
the surface of the card or plate. | |
| | |
| 129 | By type-die mounted on carrier movable for selection of
character: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with a support
for a multiplicity of type-die* elements for embossing
the different character* symbols that the typewriter is
capable of embossing, which support is enabled to be moved relative
to the record-medium*, whereby any of the type-die elements
may be selected to be impressed against the record-medium; and the
selected type-die element may be impressed to emboss a character
symbol on the record-medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 138, | for similar structure for mounting piercing type-die
elements thereon. |
|
| | |
| 131 | Electrically powered: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein electricity is used to energize selection
of a type-die* or the operation of a function* of
the typewriter. |
| | |
| 132 | Type-die reciprocable on carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein the selected type-die* element
is moved to and fro relative to the support, the movement occurring
for the purpose of impressing the selected type-die against the record-medium*. |
| | |
| 133 | On endless-band carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein the support for the type-die* elements
is an elongated, closed-loop strip movable in the direction of its
elongation, to select the type-die to be impressed against the record-medium*. |
| | |
| 134 | On rotatable carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein the support for the type-die* elements
is a member that turns about an axis to select the type-die to be impressed
against the record medium*. |
| | |
| 134.1 | Actuated by key-board control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Subject matter wherein the type-die* element that
is to be impressed against the record-medium* is selected
by pressing a corresponding key* element located on a key-board*,
the pressing of which key causes selection of type-die and movement
of the selected type-die to the print-point*. |
| | |
| 134.4 | On manually held embosser: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Subject matter wherein the member that supports the type-die* elements
is part of an instrumentality for embossing character* symbols
one at a time in succession, which instrumentality is intended to
be grasped in a hand of a user and operated while so grasped. |
| | |
| 134.5 | Including web supply of record-medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 134.4. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality is provided with
means for storing a quantity of record-medium* in the form
of an indeterminate-length strip of material on which character* symbols
are to be embossed. |
| | |
| 134.6 | Including web supply of record-medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Subject matter wherein the support for the type-die* elements
is part of an instrumentality, which instrumentality is provided
with means for storing a quantity of record-medium* in
the form of an indeterminate-length strip of material on which character* symbols
are to be embossed. |
| | |
| 135 | TYPING TO PRODUCE PIERCED CHARACTER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which imprinting on a record-medium* is accomplished
by a type-die* that contacts a surface of the record-medium
and cuts through that surface into the opposite surface to form
one or more perforations in the surface, which perforations taken together
represent a character*.
| | (1)
Note. An example of the form of typing accomplished in the
typewriter of this and indented subclasses is the writing of a bank
check or money order representing an amount of money to be paid,
the digits representing the amount being pierced or scarified into
the surface of the check so that alteration of the check cannot
be accomplished without visible indication of an attempt to alter
the check. | |
| | |
| 136 | Cutout character for stencil: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
formation of a character* symbol by excising the record-medium* using
type-die* elements that sever the record-medium to produce
perforations therein, each perforation having an outline of a character
symbol.
| | (1)
Note. The record-medium so severed with cutout characters
is used as a stencil by placing the stencil on surface and coating
the stencil and surface with pigment. When the stencil is lifted
from the surface, the pigmented areas on the surface will form the
characters that have been cut out of the stencil record-medium. | |
| | |
| 137 | Check-protection character: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
formation or character* symbols on a form that directs
a bank of financial institution to pay money, or a form that shows
the amount of money to be paid for value received.
| | (1)
Note. The significance of the particular form of character
in the typewriter of this and indented subclasses is that such characters
cannot be altered without detection; thus, the amount of money that
the check represents will not be raised in value. | |
| | |
| 138 | By type-die mounted on carrier movable for selection of
character: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter+ wherein a typewriter is provided
with a support for a multiplicity of type-die elements for piercing
the different character* symbols that the typewriter is
capable of piercing, which support is enabled to be moved relative
to the record-medium* whereby any of the type-die elements
may be selected to be impressed against the record-medium and the selected
type-die element may be impressed to pierce a character symbol on
the record-medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 129, | for similar structure for mounting embossing type-die
elements thereon. |
|
| | |
| 138.1 | Electrically powered: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter wherein electricity is used to energize selection
of type-die* or operation of a function* of the
typewriter. |
| | |
| 138.2 | On rotatable carrier (e.g., for scarifying elements, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter wherein the support for the type-die elements
is a member that turns about an axis to select the type-die to be
impressed against the record-medium*.
| | (1)
Note. In the typewriter of this subclass the type-die elements
usually pierce one surface of the record-medium to roughen that
surface beyond a level where the surface may be made smooth again.
The intent is not necessarily for the type-die to perforate both
surfaces of the record-medium, but rather to scarify at least one surface. | |
| | |
| 138.3 | Actuated by key-board control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138.2. Subject matter wherein the type-die* element that
is to be impressed against the record-medium* is selected
by pressing a corresponding key* element located on a key-board*,
the pressing of which key causes selection of a type-die and movement
of the selected type-die to the print-point*. |
| | |
| 138.4 | Including plural-character type-die: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138.2. Subject matter wherein at least one of the type-die* elements
is constructed so as to have type-dies representing or corresponding
to more than one character* symbol, whereby when one of
such elements is impressed against the record-medium*,
a plurality of character symbols will be formed in the record-medium.
| | (1)
Note. The typewriter of this subclass usually imprints an
amount of money spelled in letter symbols rather than numeral symbols. | |
| | |
| 138.6 | For type-die including piercing or cutting elements: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138.2. Subject matter wherein the type-die* elements include
slender elements, each having a sharp point at one end, or include
elements, each having a sharp edge, which sharp point or edges penetrate
through both opposite surfaces of the record-medium* as
the type-die impacts the record-medium. |
| | |
| 139 | INCLUDING TYPE-SET-ASSEMBLAGE MOUNTED ON CARRIER AND RELATIVELY
MOVABLE FOR SELECTION AND FOR IMPACT OF TYPE-FACE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with a type-head-carrier* or
with a type-face-carrier*, either of which carriers supports
a type-set-assemblage* for movement of the type-face* elements
thereon relative to the record-medium*, whereby any of
the type-face elements may be selected or chosen to be impressed
against a record-medium and the selected or chosen type-face element
may be impressed to imprint a character* symbol.
| | (1)
Note. The definition of type-head- carrier in the Glossary,
section III, discusses the difference between a type-head-carrier
and a type-face-carrier. Briefly, a type-head-carrier supports a
type-head* wherein all type-faces are integral one with
the others, whereas a type-face-carrier supports type-faces that
are movable, one with respect to the others. The difference between "selected" and "chosen" is
also discussed in the Glossary under the definition of case-shift* and other
definitions. Briefly, a particular type-face is selected from among
the many available from a type-set-assemblage whereas an upper-case* form
of letter (as distinguished from a lower-case* form of
the same letter) is chosen from the forms available on one key* element. |
| | (2)
Note. In some typewriters movement of the selected or chosen
type-face for impact is a relative movement; that is, in these typewriters
the platen* (and the record-medium supported thereby) are moved
toward the selected or chosen type-face, whereas in most typewriters the
type-face moves toward the platen. |
| | (3)
Note. The definition of type-bar-segment* discusses
the differencebetween a type-bar-segment and a type-face-carrier.
Briefly, a type-bar-segment supports a type-set assemblage for
case-shift movement (i.e., choice of upper-case or lower-case),
whereas a type-face-carrier supports a type-set- assemblage for selection
of type-face from among many type-faces as well as for choice of
upper-case or lower-case. | |
| | |
| 140 | Including type-faces movable relative to type-face-carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with a type-face-carrier* that
supports a type-set-assemblage* comprising a plurality
of separate type-face* elements, and wherein the typewriter
is also provided with a mechanism for selecting or choosing the
particular type-face that is to be impressed against the record-medium* and
with a mechanism for moving said type-face toward the print-point*.
| | (1)
Note. In this and indented subclasses the term type-face
may include, for example, an element carrying both the upper-case* and
lower-case* forms of the same letter, and both forms on
the same element are moved together, although only the chosen form
of the letter is impressed against the record-medium. The relative movement
referred to is that which moves the element for the selected letter away
from the other type-face elements of a type-set-assemblage and toward
the print-point. | |
| | |
| 141 | Slidable type-faces mounted on reciprocable carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* supports
a plurality of type-face* elements each of which elements
may be reciprocated relative to the type-face-carrier, and wherein the
type-face-carrier may be reciprocated relative to the typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. The direction of reciprocation of the type-face elements
is usually perpendicular to the direction of reciprocation of the
type-face-carrier. | |
| | |
| 141.1 | On rotatable or oscillatable carrier reciprocable along
its axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* may
be reciprocated relative to the typewriter and may also be turned
in one direction of to-and-fro in opposite directions about an axis
of turning, and wherein the reciprocation of the type-face carrier
is along a line that coincides with said axis of turning. |
| | |
| 142 | Slidable type-faces on rotatable carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* supports
a plurality of type-face* elements each of which elements
may be reciprocated relative to the type-face-carrier, and wherein the
type-face-carrier may be turned on an axis relative to the typewriter. |
| | |
| 143 | Rotatable type-face-carrier including type-faces on pivotable
arms: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* supports
a plurality of members, each of which members is oscillatable to
and fro on its own axis, and each of which members supports one of
the type-face* elements of a type-set-assemblage*,
and wherein the type-face-carrier may be turned on an axis relative
to the typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. Usually the members (i.e., pivotable arms) extend in
a direction parallel to the axis of the type-face-carrier and pivot
in a direction extending radially of the axis. | |
| | |
| 144 | Type-face-carrier including type-faces on flexible arms: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* supports
a plurality of members, each of which members is resilient and oscillatable
to and fro relative to the carrier, and each of which members supports
one of the type-face* elements of a type-set-assemblage*. |
| | |
| 144.1 | Rotatable or oscillatable carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* may
be turned relative to the typewriter either in one direction or
to and fro in opposite directions about an axis of turning, thereby
to turn the plurality of members and type-face* elements
relative to the typewriter. |
| | |
| 144.2 | Carrier having coplanar flexible arms (e.g., "daisy" wheel,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 144.1. Subject matter wherein the type-face carrier* includes
the plurality of resilient members, and wherein the members extend
radially from the axis of the carrier in substantially the same plane,
and each member, and the type-face* element supported thereby,
oscillates in a second plane that is coincident with said axis.
| | (1)
Note. The term "daisy" wheel has been applied
to this form of type-set- assemblage* and carrier due to
its resemblance to a daisy. | |
| | |
| 145 | Type-faces on deformable type-face-carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* is
made of a material that is resilient and supports a plurality of
type-face* elements thereon, and wherein the selected or
chosen type-face is yieldably displaced relative to the type-faces
remaining in the type-set-assemblage* and the displaced
type-face is impressed against the record-medium*. |
| | |
| 145.2 | Cylindrical carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 145.1. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* has
the configuration of a cylinder or a cylindroid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 152, | for a type drum having a cylindrical appearance. |
|
| | |
| 146 | Including endless-band carrier for type-faces: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with a member
that supports a type-set-assemblage* for movement of the
type-face* elements therewith relative to the typewriter, which
member is an elongated, closed-loop strip trained around two or
more pulleys and movable in the direction of its elongation to select
or choose the type-face to be impressed, and which type-face elements
are moved with the strip in a direction substantially perpendicular
to the elongation toward the record-medium* to impress
the type-face against the record-medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 134, | for an endless-band type-face-carrier* in
an embossing typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 147 | Type-faces arranged in rectilinear row and selected by
reciprocable movement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with a member
that supports a type-set-assemblage* for movement of the
type-face* elements therewith relative to the typewriter, which
member may be reciprocated along a first straight line for selection
or choice of the type-face elements thereon, and on which member
the type-face elements are supported in a second straight line that
is parallel to said first straight line.
| | (1)
Note. The reciprocating movement defined above is that which
is needed for selection of choice of a type-face. There may also
be another movement, for example, a pivoting motion toward the record-medium*,
imparted to the member for impressing the type-face against the
record-medium. | |
| | |
| 148 | On rotatable carrier having plural rectilinear rows: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter wherein the member is reciprocated along
said first straight line and also may be turned about an axis that
is parallel to said first straight line, and on which member two
or more sets of type-face* elements are supported, each
set in a straight line parallel to said first straight line.
| | (1)
Note. Each set of type-face elements defined above may comprise
all or part of a type-set-assemblage*, or may comprise
upper-case* or lower-case* forms of the same letter,
or may comprise type-set-assemblage having different font* assortments
of type-faces. The rotation of the member enables selection or choice
from among the type-faces of different sets of type-faces. | |
| | |
| 150 | Type-heads arranged for selective individual imprinting
movement away from coaxial rest position: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter wherein each of the type-head* elements
is supported for rotation on its own axis of rotation and each of
the type-heads may be moved toward the print-point* of
the typewriter separately from the other(s) to imprint the selected
or chosen type-face* element on the record-medium* and
wherein all of the axes of rotation of all the type-head elements are
normally in the same line, the selected type-head being moved away
from said line when it is moved toward the print-point. |
| | |
| 151 | Turret carrier for type-heads: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter wherein the type-head* elements
are each supported on a platform or member, which platform or member
is capable of rotation about an axis of rotation, and each of the
type-head elements being capable of separate movement toward the
print-point* of the typewriter. |
| | |
| 151.1 | Axis of turret carrier parallel to platen axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter wherein the print-point* is located
on or adjacent to the platen* of the typewriter, which
platen is rotatable about an axis, and wherein the axis of rotation
of said platform is parallel to the axis of rotation of the platen. |
| | |
| 152 | Type drum having multiple type-set-assemblages: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
member that is (a) cylindrical or cylindroidal, (b) rotatable about
an axis that extends through the cylinder parallel to the circumference
of the cylinder, and (c) supporting a plurality of type-set-assemblage* groups
of type-face* elements on the circumference of the cylinder.
| | (1)
Note. Usually the type drum extends in length to substantially
the full width of the record-medium* and each of the type-set-assemblages
extends around the circumference of the type drum. The number of
type-set-assemblages provided on the type drum corresponds to the
number of character* symbols and character-space* distances
that may be included within the width of the record-medium. Selection
of type-face for the first character of a print-line* is
made from the first type-set-assemblage and selection of the second
character of that print-line is made from the next adjacent type-set-assemblage,
the action being repeated until the entire print-line has been imprinted. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 145.2, | for a cylindrical, deformable type-face-carrier*. |
|
| | |
| 154.1 | Including selection of type-face: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with mechanism
for selecting or choosing the particular type-face* that
is to be impressed against the record-medium* by the movement
of the record-medium toward the type-face.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 161.1, | for selecting mechanism on a typewriter having a
type-head* movable for imprinting. |
|
| | |
| 154.3 | By shortest peripheral path: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-head* having a cylindroidal or spheroidal surface
having the type-face* elements of a type-set-assemblage* thereon, which
type-head is normally in a particular rest position and is moved
to a second position at which the selected or chosen type-face will
be impressed against the record-medium*, and wherein significance
is attributed to movement of the type-head that results in the least
amount of type-head movement as it moves from the rest position
to the second position. |
| | |
| 154.4 | Via coded disc in electric or magnetic circuit (e.g., photoelectric): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter . wherein said selecting mechanism, includes
one or more circular plates, each plate being rotatable to a position
where particular index characteristics on the plate(s) are related
to an arrangement within the mechanism that causes completion of
an electrical or magnetic circuit, the completion of the circuit effecting
selection or choice of the type-face* desired by the typist.
| | (1)
Note. The index characteristics may be, for example, notches
or apertures in the discs, which permit passage of a beam of light
that actuates a photoelectric cell when the notches or apertures
in several discs are aligned, or may be magnetic code in one or
more discs, which completes a circuit when proper alignment of the
code disc(s) is accomplished. | |
| | |
| 154.5 | Via stepping motor responsive to selection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an electric motor that rotates incrementally, the rotation being
caused by the selection or choice of a type-face* and the motor
being connected to a type-head* that supports the type-face
elements. |
| | |
| 155 | Via electrical or electromagnetic means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an electrical circuit or an electromagnetic device connected to
a type-head* that supports the type-face* elements.
| | (1)
Note. The mechanism or circuit for this subclass may include
a commutator, a solenoid, an electromagnetic coil, an induction
coil, or other similar device used in the selection or choice of
a type-face. | |
| | |
| 155.1 | Including plural-function actuation by electromagnet(s): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an electromagnet powered by an electrical current, and wherein the
typewriter includes mechanism for performing at least one other
function*, which function is energized by either the same
electromagnet that energizes the selecting mechanism or by a different
electromagnet powered by an electrical current. |
| | |
| 156 | Via helical arrangement of projections: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
a rotatable cylindroidal member having elements on the cylindrical
surface thereof that protrude from the surface, which elements are
arranged to form a helix on the cylindrical surface and which elements
engage portions of the selecting mechanism to connect the mechanism
to a type-head* that supports the type-face* elements. |
| | |
| 156.1 | Via mechanically permutated bar(s), disc(s), or plate(s): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
one or more members, each member being either (a) an elongated component
that is movable along its length, or (b) a circular component that
is rotatable, or (c) a flat and relatively thin component that is
movable in a plane parallel to its width and length dimensions,
and also having particular index characteristics on the member,
which member(s) is/are moved to a position relative to
an arrangement within the mechanism where the index characteristics
are aligned to enable movement of another component of the mechanism
to effect selection or choice of the type-face* desired
by the typist. |
| | |
| 156.2 | Via planetary gear arrangement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
a plurality of toothed wheels in mesh one with the other(s) and
at least one rotating and revolving about another, while in mesh
therewith, which assemblage of toothed wheels in connected to a
type-head* that supports type-face* elements,
one of which elements is to be selected or chosen for impression. |
| | |
| 156.3 | Including latch means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 156.2. Subject matter wherein the assemblage of toothed elements
is provided with means to temporarily secure the toothed elements together
until the selected or chosen type-face* has been impressed
against the record-medium*. |
| | |
| 157 | Including type-faces arranged along helical path(s): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-head* that is formed as a rotatable, cylindroidal
member having type-face* elements on the cylindroidal surface thereof,
which type-face elements are arrayed as a helix on the cylindroidal
surface, and wherein selection or choice of the type-face that is
to be impressed against the record-medium* is made from
one of the helically arrayed elements.
| | (1)
Note. The type-set-assemblage* of type-faces may
be arranged in one or more helical paths. | |
| | |
| 157.3 | For variable impression (e.g., impact control): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 157.1. Subject matter wherein movement of the striking member is
regulated as to its striking force, whereby the striking force can
be changed as desired.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 116, | for impact control in a typewriter wherein a type-head* moves
toward the record-medium. |
|
| | |
| 157.4 | Hammer(s) mounted on endless belt or in helical array: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 157.1. Subject matter wherein the striking member(s) is/are
supported on an elongated, closed-loop strip trained around two
or more pulleys and movable in the direction of its elongation,
or wherein the striking members are supported on a rotatable, cylindroidal
component and are arranged in a helix around the circumference of said
component. |
| | |
| 158 | Including platen for moving record-medium against type-face
and mechanism for feeding record-medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
platen* that is a backup for the record-medium* and
is also provided with a mechanism for moving the record-medium in
a line-space* direction, which platen also moves the record-medium
toward the selected or chosen type-face* for imprint of
a character* symbol on the record-medium.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass the record-medium is moved in a line-space
direction by a mechanism other than the platen. | |
| | |
| 160 | Imprint by pivoting of type-head-carrier and type-head
against record-medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-head-carrier* that supports a type-head* for
movement relative to said carrier so that any of the type-face* elements
on the type-head may be selected or chosen to be impressed on the
record-medium*, and wherein the type-head-carrier is supported
for arcuate movement of said carrier toward the record-medium to
imprint the corresponding character* symbol on the record-medium. |
| | |
| 161 | Type-head-carrier movable on movable carriage: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein said type-head-carrier* is
mounted on a carriage* to be arcuately movable toward the
record-medium* to impress a selected or chosen type-face* against
the record-medium, and wherein said carriage is movable to impart
character-space* and word-space* distances to
the carriage and the type-head-carrier that is mounted thereon. |
| | |
| 161.1 | Including selection of type-face (e.g., on "golf-ball" type-head): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with selecting
mechanism for moving the type-head* relative to its type-head-carrier* to select
or choose the particular type-face* that is to be impressed
against the record-medium* by movement of the type-head
toward the record-medium.
| | (1)
Note. The term "golf-ball" type-head has
been applied to the type-heads of this subclass because of the spheroidal
configuration of the type-head elements found herein. | |
| | |
| 161.2 | Via gear train: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 161.1. Subject matter wherein said mechanism for selecting or choosing
the particular type-face* is driven by an assemblage of
toothed wheels or toothed members in mesh, one with the other(s),
which assemblage is connected to a type-head* that supports
type-face elements, one of which elements is to be selected or chosen
for impression. |
| | |
| 161.5 | Via multiple cam surfaces: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 161.1. Subject matter wherein said mechanism for selecting or choosing
the particular type-face* is driven by a plurality of cam
surfaces that are connected by way of cam surface followers to the
type-head* that supports type-face elements, one of which
elements is to be selected or chosen for impression.
| | (1)
Note. A "cam surface" is defined as the edge
periphery of a disc that rotates about an axis, the radial distance
from the axis to the periphery varying around the periphery. As
the disc rotates, the distance of a follower that is in contact with
the periphery will increase and decrease relative to the axis of
the disc, thus the rotation of the disc will effect substantially
radial movement of the follower. The cam surfaces may be on separate
disc elements or may be on a single member having separate cam surfaces. | |
| | |
| 162 | Type-head movable for selection of type-face: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with selecting
mechanism for moving the type-head* relatively to its type-head-carrier* to
select or choose the particular type-face* that is to be
impressed against the record-medium* by movement of the
type-head toward the record-medium.
| | (1)
Note. The difference between this subclass (162) and subclass
161.1 above is that in this subclass the type-head is movable for
selection of the particular type-face, whereas in subclass 161.1
the type-head is mounted on a type-head-carrier that is movable
toward the record-medium, and the type-head-carrier is mounted on
a carriage* that is movable for character-space* distances. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 154.1, | for selecting a mechanism in a typewriter having
a hammer movable for imprinting. |
| 161.1, | and see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 162.1 | Via pulley and cord arrangement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an elongated, flexible element trained around a plurality of rotatable
wheels, the mechanism being connected to a type-head* that
supports the type-face* elements. |
| | |
| 162.2 | Via shortest peripheral path: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-head* having a cylindroidal or spheroidal surface
having the type-face* elements of a type-set-assemblage* thereon, which
type-head is normally in a particular rest position and is moved
to a second position at which the selected or chosen type-face will
be impressed against the record-medium*, and wherein significance
is attributed to movement of the type-head that results in the least
amount of type-head movement as it moves from the rest position
to the second position. |
| | |
| 162.3 | Via coded disc in electric or magnetic circuit (e.g., photoelectric): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
one or more circular plates, each plate being rotatable to a position
where particular index characteristics on the plate(s) are related
to an arrangement within the mechanism that causes completion of
an electrical or magnetic circuit, the completion of the circuit effecting
selection or choice of the type-face* desired by the typist.
| | (1)
Note. The index characteristics may be, for example, notches
or apertures in the discs, which permit passage of a beam of light,
that actuates a photoelectric cell when the notches or apertures
in several discs are aligned, or may be a magnetic code in one or
more discs, which completes a circuit when proper alignment of the
code disc(s) is accomplished. | |
| | |
| 163 | Via stepping motor responsive to selection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an electric motor that rotates incrementally, the rotation being
caused by the selection or choice of a type-face* and the motor
being connected to a type-head* that supports the type-face
elements. |
| | |
| 163.1 | Via electrical or electromagnetic means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an electrical circuit or an electromagnetic device connected to
a type-head* that supports the type-face* elements.
| | (1)
Note. The mechanism or circuit for this subclass may include
a commutator, a solenoid, an electromagnetic coil, an induction
coil, or other similar device used in the selection or choice of
a type-face. | |
| | |
| 163.3 | Including plural-function actuation by electromagnet(s): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 163.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an electromagnet powered by an electrical current, and wherein the
typewriter includes mechanism for performing at least one other
function*, which function is energized by either the same
electromagnet that energizes the selecting mechanism or by a different
electromagnet powered by an electrical current. |
| | |
| 164 | Via helical arrangement of projections: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
a rotatable cylindroidal member having elements on the cylindrical
surface thereof that protrude from the surface, which elements are
arranged to form a helix on the cylindrical surface and which elements
engage portions of the selecting mechanism to connect the mechanism
to a type-head* that supports the type-face* elements. |
| | |
| 164.1 | Via pneumatic actuation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism is caused
to operate by the energy that is transmitted and said mechanism
by way of exertion of a force upon a gaseous material. |
| | |
| 164.2 | Via setting elements actuating selector-command members: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
one or more members, each member being either (a) an elongated component
that is movable along its length, or (b) a circular component that
is rotatable, or (c) a flat and relatively thin component that is
movable in a plane parallel to its width and length dimensions,
and also having particular index characteristics on the member,
which member(s) is/are moved to a position relative to
an arrangement within the mechanism where the index characteristics
are aligned to enable movement of another component of the mechanism
to effect selection or choice of the type-face* desired
by the typist. |
| | |
| 164.3 | Control arm connected to selection gear and movable to
engage key-lever-actuated abutment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
a pivotable lever having at one end thereof a toothed portion that
is in mesh with a toothed wheel that is associated with and drives
the type-head*, which lever has at the other end thereof
a portion that will engage any of a plurality of stops when one
of the stops is interposed into the path of pivoting of the lever, the
inter-position of the selected stop to be engaged being made by
the depression of a selected key* element. |
| | |
| 164.4 | Via stop pins actuatable by key-board: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
a plurality of slender, elongated elements that are connected to
the type-head* for movement there of, each of said elements being
also connected to and moved by the depression of a selected key* element. |
| | |
| 164.5 | Toothed member connected to selection gear and slidable
by key-lever movement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
a bar having serrations or teeth along one edge thereof, the serrations
being in mesh with a toothed wheel that is linked to the type-head* for
movement thereof, which bar is reciprocated to various extents in
accordance with the selection of a particular key* element and
the depression of the selected key. |
| | |
| 164.6 | Selection gear rotated by key-lever movement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
a toothed wheel connected to the type-head* for movement
thereof, which toothed wheel is turned by the depression of a key* element
corresponding to the selected character* symbol desired
to be typed. |
| | |
| 165 | Simultaneous rotation and translation of type-head by manually
powered actuation (e.g., helical shift): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism moves a
type-head* that is formed as a rotatable cylindroidal member
having type-face* elements on the cylindroidal surface thereof,
which type-face elements are arrayed as a helix on the cylindroidal
surface, and wherein selection or choice of the type-face that is
to be impressed against a record-medium* is made by turning
the member about its axis of rotation and moving the member along
the axis at the same time it is turning, the movement being caused
by a hand of the typist. |
| | |
| 165.1 | Via manually powered actuation other than by key-board
(e.g., stylus selection): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein selection or choice of the type-face* that
is to be impressed against the record-medium* is made by
a typist who moves a member that is part of a selecting mechanism
that does not include a key-board*.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass (165.1) the typist manipulates a slender,
elongated rod (i.e., a stylus) to select or choose the particular
type-face for impression. | |
| | |
| 165.2 | Including type-head movable to print-point by actuator
common to all type-faces: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 165.1. Subject matter wherein said mechanism includes a type-head* that
is moved from a rest position to the print-point* position
by a member that causes only such movement, and wherein selection
or choice of the type-face* element that is to be impressed
against the record-medium* is made by a hand of the typist.
| | (1)
Note. In most typewriters that include a type-head having
a type-set-assemblage* thereon, depression of a key* element
causes at least two movements of the type-head. One such movements
is for selection or choice of the type-face that is to be impressed,
and another movement is for moving the type-head against the print-point;
therefore an actuator for each key element is required. In a typewriter
of this subclass, selection is made by a typist who moves the type-head
manually, and movement of the type-head to the print-point is made
by a single actuator that only moves the type-head to the print-point.
A typewriter with this kind of mechanism is often called a "toy" typewriter. |
| | (2)
Note. In this subclass (165.2) selection of the particular
type-face may be made by rotating the type-head manually or with
the aid of a rack and pinion that is manually powered. | |
| | |
| 165.3 | Selection by rotatable dial: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 165.2. Subject matter wherein the type-head* has affixed
thereto a plate bearing indicia, letters or character* symbols
corresponding to those which may be imprinted on the record-medium*,
which plate is turned by a hand of the typist to thereby turn the
type-head for selection or choice of the type-face* to
be impressed against the record-medium. |
| | |
| 166 | Including impact control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein the arcuate movement of said type-head-carrier* toward
the record-medium* is regulated as to its impression force,
whereby the impression force can be changed as desired.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 157.3, | for impact control in a typewriter wherein a hammer
moves the record-medium toward a selected type-face*. |
|
| | |
| 167 | Including rebound control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein the type-head-carrier* is
supported for arcuate movement from a rest position to a print-point* and
for return arcuate movement from the print-point to the rest position,
and wherein the return movement is regulated as to the force with
which the type-head* is returned whereby the type-head
will come to rest gently, or wherein the return movement is stopped
as soon as the type-head reaches its rest position whereby the type-head
is prevented from springing away from its rest position after return. |
| | |
| 168 | Articulated-support joint: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein the type-head-carrier* is
supported for arcuate movement from a rest position to a print-point* and
for return arcuate movement from the print-point to the rest position,
and wherein significance is attributed to the connection between
the type-head-carrier and its support, which connection enables
the arcuate movement to occur. |
| | |
| 169 | Detenting to fix type-head for imprinting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with mechanism
on the type-head-carrier* to temporarily secure the type-head* to the
type-head-carrier while said carrier is moving toward the record-medium* whereby
the selected or chosen type-face* element will not move
relative to the type-head-carrier. |
| | |
| 170 | Including movable printing anvil within type-head: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein the type-head* is a hollow
member having type-face* elements on the exterior surface
thereof, and wherein the member is provided with one or more elements adjacent
to the interior surface of the member, which element(s) move(s)
to engage the interior surface opposite to the type-face element that
has been selected or chosen to be impressed against the record-medium*. |
| | |
| 172 | Type-faces mounted on type chips and removable from storage
for printing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-set-assemblage* comprising type-face* elements
all of which elements are separate and separable one from the others,
and all of which elements are supported in or on a type-face-carrier* from
which carrier each selected or chosen type-face is taken for impression
of the type-face against a record-medium* and replaced
into the carrier. |
| | |
| 173 | With means for exposing last-typed character: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to means
for showing the typist the character* symbol that was imprinted
just prior to the time that the typist wished to see the character.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 124.01+, | for similar subject matter in a "matrix" printer
typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 174 | Type-head, per se: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
type-head* that bears a type-set-assemblage* in
a typewriter. |
| | |
| 176 | HAVING FLUID-PRESSURE POWER DRIVE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a typewriter or a portion thereof
is caused to operate by energy that is derived from or transmitted
via the exertion of force upon a fluid (i.e., a flowable material).
| | (1)
Note. The most usual fluid employed in these typewriters
is air, but a liquid may also be employed as a fluid-pressure means. | |
| | |
| 177 | Including pneumatic decoder for perforated tape: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is controlled for
operation by a mechanism that includes (a) a strip having holes
therein, and (b) means for moving the strip relative to a bar having
holes therein whereby the strip will cover the holes in the bar
except when a hole in the strip matches a hole in the bar, and (c) means
for passing air or gas through the holes in the bar when a hole
in the bar is uncovered by a hole in the strip, whereby a signal
or pulse is generated by the passage of air or gas through a hole
in the bar, and (d) means for converting the signals or pulses so
generated into one or more operation(s) of the typewriter. |
| | |
| 178 | For producing typewriter-control tape (e.g., perforated
tape, etc.) |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein the energy of said fluid is used
to form indicia on a strip that will subsequently be used to regulate
the operation(s) of a typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. The fluid pressure may be applied to a punch (or a
plurality of punches) that cause a tape to be perforated, or may be
applied to form indicia on a tape that will control a typewriter. | |
| | |
| 179 | For type-face selection or choice: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein the energy of said fluid is used
to select or choose a type-face* element that is to be
impressed against a record-medium*, or is used to cause
the selected or chosen type-face element to be impressed against
the record-medium to imprint a character* symbol thereon.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass the typewriter usually operates by
a typist depressing a key* element, the movement of the
key producing the air pressure that actuates a type-bar* (to
which the selected type-face is affixed) from rest position to the print-point* position. |
| | (2)
Note. The terms "select" and "choose" (or
variants of those terms) and the differences between the terms are
discussed in the Glossary under definitions such as case-shift*,
type-face-carrier*, type-head* and type-head-carrier*.
Briefly, a particular type-face is selected from among the many
available from a type-set-assemblage*, whereas an upper-case* form
of letter (as distinguished from a lower-case* form of
the same letter) is chosen from the forms available on one key* element. | |
| | |
| 181 | By pneumatic actuation of type-face or type-bar: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter wherein the energy of said fluid is used
to cause a selected or chosen type-face* element or a type-bar* carrying
such element to be impressed against the record-medium* to imprint
a character* symbol thereon. |
| | |
| 183 | Including line-spacing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter wherein the motion of either the carriage* or
of the platen* is such as to effect line-space* distances
to the record-medium*. |
| | |
| 184 | HAVING TYPEWRITER-CONTROLLED RECIPROCABLE ELECTROMAGNETIC
DRIVE FOR PLURAL FUNCTIONS IN SAME TYPEWRITER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with means
to actuate the operation of more than one function* thereof,
each of said means including a magnetic* motor energized by
electricity and movable to-and-fro in a straight line, and the actuation
of each of said means being initiated by a typist who is typing on
the typewriter that is being actuated.
| | (1)
Note. The "motor" of this subclass is usually
a solenoid energized by electricity and initiated by pressing a
switch that is connected to a key* element other than a
character* key. For similar structure wherein character
key elements actuate type-bar* action mechanisms, see subclass
359. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 359, | and see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 185 | HAVING POWER-DRIVEN OPERATOR FOR PLURAL FUNCTIONS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with means
to actuate the operation of more than one function* thereof,
each of said means being energized by force other than that supplied
by the typist.
| | (1)
Note. For the purposes of this and indented subclasses, the
operation of line-space* means is considered to be equivalent
to the operation of record-medium* feeding means and effectively is
only a single function. | |
| | |
| 186 | Via continuously rotated power roll selectively connected
to operate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein the energizing force drives one function* or
another function at the will of the typist by way of a continuously rotated
power roll.
| | (1)
Note. The term "continuously rotated power roll" is
defined below in subclass 370 as that structure is applied to operate selected
type-bar* members. In this subclass (186) a similar structure
is used to operate a selected one of plural functions or is used
to operate an auxiliary function. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 370, | and see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 188 | FOR TYPING ON REVERSE SURFACE OF RECORD-MEDIUM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a record-medium* has a first
surface which faces toward a platen*, and the record-medium
has a second surface which faces toward a type-face* when the
type-face is at a print-point*, and wherein significance
is attributed to imprinting character* symbols on the first
surface of the record-medium.
| | (1)
Note. The characters are usually in mirror image, and the
record-medium is either transparent so as to be able to read the
characters through the record-medium, or the record-medium is a "hectograph" master.
See Glossary, section III, for further discussion of hectograph under
terms ribbon* and transfer-medium*. | |
| | |
| 189 | By simultaneous use of both surfaces of same ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter wherein a ribbon* is used as a transfer-medium* for
imprinting said character* symbols on said first surface,
and wherein the same ribbon is used as a transfer-medium for imprinting
corresponding character symbols on another record-medium surface
or on a surface of another record-medium at the same time the character
symbols are imprinted on the first surface. |
| | |
| 190 | By use of "carbon paper": |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter wherein carbon paper is used as a transfer-medium* for
imprinting said character* symbols on said first surface.
| | (1)
Note. See (1) Note under subclass 497 in this class for a
discussion of the term carbon paper. | |
| | |
| 191 | INCLUDING INTERPOSED INKING DEVICE (E.G., RIBBON) FOR RECORD-MEDIUM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a transfer-medium* which
is intended to be positioned between a record-medium* and
a type-face* to have simultaneous surface contact with
the type-face and the record-medium to form a character* on
the record-medium, or to the manner of renewing the transfer characteristics
of the transfer-medium while it is on the typewriter, or to the manner
of holding the transfer-medium on the typewriter, or to the manner
of moving the transfer-medium relative to the print-point* on the
typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. A transfer-medium which is only for correction of an
error in typing is found in this class, subclass 697. |
| | (2)
Note. Inking a type-face directly for forming a character
without the use of an interposed transfer-medium is found in various
subclasses in this class indented under subclass 383. |
| | (3)
Note. This subclass (191) provides for an interposed inking
member having a configuration other than an elongated ribbon*. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 383, | and see (2) Note above. |
| 697, | and see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 192 | Moved by continuously rotating power drive intermittently
applied: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
a ribbon* having a length dimension and a width dimension,
and wherein movement along either dimension is imparted to the ribbon
by way of a rotated power drive intermittently applied, the rotation
of the drive shaft not stopping during the operation of the typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. The term "rotated power drive intermittently
applied" is defined below in subclass 365 as that term
is applied to operate selected type-bar* members. In this
subclass (192) a similar structure is used to cause feeding of a
ribbon or actuation of the vibrator* for a ribbon. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 365, | and see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 193 | Inking device handheld during typing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
manually supported between the record-medium* and the type-face* as
the type-face is impressed against the record-medium through the
transfer-medium. |
| | |
| 194 | Endless ribbon or cartridge therefor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
a ribbon* in the form of a closed-loop band having an elongated
dimension.
| | (1)
Note. The ribbon may be driven in a single direction, thus
avoiding need for ribbon-reversing structure. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 237, | for an ink* ribbon, per se. |
|
| | |
| 195 | Mobius strip: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Subject matter wherein the ribbon is a one-sided surface
formed by holding a first end of an elongated rectangle fixed, rotating
the opposite end 180 about an axis coincident with a centerline
of the rectangle parallel to the long dimension thereof, and securing
the opposite end to the first end.
| | (1)
Note. A Mobius strip is a unique topological phenomenon in
that an object formed as described above will apparently have two "surfaces",
but mathematically and actually will have only one surface. This
can be proved by forming a Mobius strip as described and then applying
a mark along the surface continuously along the length thereof without
lifting the marker from the surface or crossing the edge of the
strip. The experimenter will find that the marker will eventually
reach the mark initially produced, thus proving the actuality of only
a single surface. In a ribbon*, this permits typing against
the apparently two "surfaces" without further
manipulation of the ribbon. | |
| | |
| 196.1 | Having ribbon stored in pleated form: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Subject matter wherein the portion of the band in the holder
is folded in a regular pattern of folds that are transverse to the
elongated dimension of the band, and are alternately folded in opposite
folds. |
| | |
| 197 | Renovation of used ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
a ribbon* which ribbon during typing is at least partially
depleted of ink*, and the ribbon is treated to maintain
or increase its efficacy as a transfer-medium while the ribbon is
on the typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. Examples of ribbon treatment provided for in this subclass
are adding ink to the ribbon, moistening the ribbon, etc. | |
| | |
| 198 | With ink heater (e.g., for melting solid ink): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Subject matter wherein ink* which is on or to be
added to the ribbon* is relatively thick, hard, or viscous
at normal room temperature, and wherein the typewriter is provided
with means for elevating the temperature of the ink to increase
its flowability.
| | (1)
Note. Also found in this subclass is a disclosure of means
to heat a record-medium* adjacent to the print-point* to promote
uniform distribution of the ink imprinted on the record-medium. | |
| | |
| 199 | By discrete auxiliary band movable with ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is movable in
a direction parallel to its longitudinal extent while it is on the
typewriter, and the ribbon treatment includes contacting the ribbon
with a separate elongated strip of material, said strip moving in
face to face contact and concurrently with at least a portion of
the ribbon.
| | (1)
Note. The band may be loaded with ink* to replenish
the ink supply in the ribbon. | |
| | |
| 200 | Selectively actuatable re-inker: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is treated by
a device which adds ink* to the ribbon; said device being
movable at the will of the typist, to either a position on the typewriter
at which the device is operative to add ink to a position at which
it is inoperative to add ink. |
| | |
| 201 | Of multicolor ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* which is treated
has plural fields of differently pigmented or tinted ink* materials. |
| | |
| 202.1 | Attached to ribbon spool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is wound in convolutions
on a reel, which is mounted on the typewriter, and the device for
adding ink* is mounted in or on said reel. |
| | |
| 202.4 | And re-inking roller: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 202.2. Subject matter wherein the ink* from the container
is supplied to the ribbon* via a rotatable member having
a cylindrical surface for receiving and transporting the ink. |
| | |
| 203 | Ribbon disposed within platen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
a ribbon*, and the ribbon is housed interiorly of a hollow
typewriter platen*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 242, | for a spool mounted on a typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 204 | For typing plural copies simultaneously with ribbon(s)
(e.g., duplicate typing): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
a ribbon* and wherein plural portions of the same ribbon,
or plural ribbons, are positionable relative to plural record-medium* pieces
so that a single impact of a type-face* against the record-medium* imprints
an identical character* on each of said pieces at the same
time.
| | (1)
Note. Proper placement of a patent into this or an indented
subclass requires recitation of a transfer-medium in ribbon form.
Usually the typewriter of these subclasses is used to type "duplicate original
copy" texts of typed material. The term "original
copy" refers to typed text that is imprinted with the use
of a ribbon coated with ink* to form characters that are
not |
| |
easily erased from the record-medium. The ribbon used may
be an inked fabric ribbon, although in some typewriters a different
form of ribbon, called a "carbon ribbon" or a "carbon-ink
ribbon" has come into use. An " original copy" is distinguished
from a "carbon copy" in at least two respects:
an original copy is on a record-medium that is located adjacent to
a fabric ribbon or a carbon ribbon at the print-point*,
so that a type-face will impact directly or through the ribbon to cause
transplacing of ink directly onto the surface of the record-medium,
and the character imprinted onto the original may be erased only
with difficulty; a carbon copy is on a record medium that under
lies an original copy and a sheet of transfer-medium, usually consisting
of "carbon paper", and the character imprinted
onto a carbon copy is erased easily. |
| | (2)
Note. In placing a patent as an original into this or one
of the subclasses indented hereunder, consideration must be taken
of the intent of the patent as determined by various criteria.
The primary criterion is the intent to produce a plurality of original
copy texts. This is determined by a positive disclosure of at least
one of the following criteria: (a) at least two record-medium pieces
are imprinted each via a ribbon with "permanent" (i.e.,
not easily erasable) ink, (b) the ribbon(s) being used are reversible
(i.e., fed in two opposite directions so that the ribbon is used
and reused). If the specification is not clear as to plural original
copy texts, the patent may be cross-referenced herein, but placed
as an original patent into subclass 497 as appropriate. The use
of carbon paper in typing carbon copies is found in this class,
subclass 497. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 497, | and see (2) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 205 | Including holder for short length of ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter wherein there is provided a device for supporting
at least one ribbon* in position relative to a platen* to
receive a type-face* impact and wherein the length of the
ribbon or ribbons supported by said device approximates the platen
dimension along the print-line*. |
| | |
| 205.1 | Holder movable to inoperative position on typewriter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter wherein the device, while mounted on the
typewriter, is selectively positionable by the typist to move the
ribbon* or ribbons supported by the device to a position where
the ribbon or ribbons will not receive the type-face* impact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 206.2, | for a similar holder for plural ribbons. |
|
| | |
| 206.1 | Including "carbon paper" ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein at least one ribbon* is
a ribbon formed from carbon paper.
| | (1)
Note. See (1) Note under subclass 497 in this class for a
discussion of the term carbon paper. | |
| | |
| 206.2 | And ribbon holder movable to inoperative position on typewriter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein there is provided a device for supporting
at least one ribbon* in position on the typewriter to receive
a type-face* impact, and wherein said device, while mounted
on the typewriter is selectively positionable by the typist to move
the ribbon or ribbons supported by the device to a position where
the ribbon or ribbons will not receive the type-face impact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 205.1, | for a similar holder for a short length of ribbon. |
|
| | |
| 206.3 | On plural coaxial spools: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein ribbon*-receiving reels are
provided to mount the ribbons on the typewriter, and wherein at
least two of the reels are so mounted on the typewriter, as to have
a common centerline about which the reels may rotate in paying-out
or taking-up the ribbons. |
| | |
| 206.4 | On single spool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein at least one ribbon*-receiving
reel is provided to mount the ribbons on the typewriter, and wherein
more than one ribbon is convoluted on a single reel. |
| | |
| 207 | Package for ribbon facilitating mounting of ribbon on typewriter
(e.g., ribbon cartridge): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
a ribbon* housed in a receptacle, and wherein the ribbon
and receptacle are attachable to and removable from the typewriter
as a unit, or the receptacle contributes in simplifying attachment
of the ribbon to the typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. A ribbon spool for a typewriter with no additional
package structure is found in this class, subclasses 242+. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 242+, | and see (1) Note above |
|
| | |
| 209 | For bottom-strike typewriter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a ribbon* specialized
for use in a typewriter in which type-face* elements impact against
the platen* (and thereby impact against a record-medium* that
is backed by the platen) at a print-point* located adjacent
to an underneath part of the platen. |
| | |
| 210 | For boldface typing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to imprinting
character* symbols formed of lines having greater than
normal thickness.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 304, | for varying carriage feed to accomplish a similar
result. |
| 466, | for a type-face* configuration which accomplishes
a similar result. |
|
| | |
| 211 | Including mechanism for shifting ribbon laterally at print-point: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
a ribbon and provision is made for moving the ribbon in a direction
transverse to its elongated dimension, such movement occurring in an
area of the typewriter adjacent to the print-point*.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass (211) the transverse movement occurs
by reason of the entire ribbon and the spool(s) on which the ribbon
is wound or mounted being moved in the transverse direction. | |
| | |
| 213 | For impact of successive type-face on one field of ribbon
in path not parallel to longitudinal extent of ribbon (e.g., "zigzag", oblique,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Subject matter wherein type-face* elements strike
the same print-point* of a typewriter in a series of impacts
against a ribbon* that moves in a length direction between
successive impacts and that has a zone of a particular color, the
dimensions of which zone correspond to the length and to at least
part of the width of the ribbon, and wherein succeeding elements
impact the zone at areas of the zone that are spaced widthwise as
well as lengthwise of the ribbon.
| | (1)
Note. The path of the successive impacts on the ribbon so
moved may be zigzag, oblique, sinusoidal, etc., as the ribbon moved
longitudinally and transversely of the print-point. | |
| | |
| 213.1 | Via ribbon vibrator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter wherein the transverse movement of the ribbon* is
accomplished by a ribbon vibrator*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 215+, | for a ribbon vibrator and means for moving the vibrator. |
|
| | |
| 215 | By ribbon vibrator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Subject matter wherein at least a portion of an elongated
ribbon* is constrained for movement within a vibrator* and
wherein the vibrator moves the constrained portion transversely
to the elongated dimension of the ribbon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 213.1, | for a ribbon vibrator producing a particular path
on the ribbon. |
|
| | |
| 215.1 | Including vibrator shiftable during use of nonfeed character
key (e.g., for typing accent mark, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with means
for normally moving the carriage* to the extent of a character-space* for each
depression of a character* key* and with means
for normally moving the vibrator* concurrently with carriage
movement, and wherein significance is attributed to a mode of operation
in which a character key is depressed to move the vibrator without
concurrent movement of the carriage.
| | (1)
Note. The mode of operation defined above enables two type-face* elements to
be impacted successively at the same print-point* on the
record-medium* so that a letter and an accent mark for
that letter may be imprinted. | |
| | |
| 215.2 | With retardation of vibrator return after type-face impact
(e.g., with dashpot): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the vibrator* movement is
regulated in such a manner that the ribbon* is temporarily
held at its print-point* covering position for receiving
successive type-face* impacts without completely uncovering
the print-point after each impact.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for a disclosure wherein the
print-point remains covered by the ribbon when typing at a normal
rate, but if the typist stops typing, the vibrator moves the ribbon
to permit viewing the print-point. | |
| | |
| 216 | Including variable throw of vibrator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein provision is made for changing the
extent of transverse movement imparted to the vibrator* so
as to change the extent the ribbon* is moved transversely
relative to the print-point*. |
| | |
| 216.1 | For diverse-field (e.g., plural-color) ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* has zones with
different characteristics, each zone having dimensions that correspond
to the length and to at least part of the width of the ribbon, and
the change in the extent of the transverse vibrator* movement
is for changing the ribbon zone which is over the print-point* to
receive the type-face* impact. |
| | |
| 216.2 | With typewriter-controlled change of field: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 216.1. Subject matter wherein a first part of a typewriter moves
to accomplish its intended first-part function, and during said
movement the first part engages a second part to move the second
part, and wherein movement of the second part causes movement of
the vibrator* that changes the ribbon* zone that
is over the print-point*.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for a typewriter wherein the
typist may preset the typewriter to imprint selected columns of
type in different colors of ink*. | |
| | |
| 216.4 | Vibrator throw controlled via alternate pins selectively
inserted in slots: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 216.1. Subject matter wherein an assemblage of elements for moving
the vibrator* to change ribbon* zones includes
one member or members having plural peg-like projections selectively positionable
in respective elongated openings in another member or members, and
wherein the extent of vibrator movement is controlled according
to which of the pins is positioned relative to its respective opening. |
| | |
| 216.6 | To compensate for case-shift: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 216.1. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to accommodating
the extent of transverse vibrator* movement to take into
account relative change of position between a record-medium* and
a type-face* as a result of case-shift*. |
| | |
| 217 | To shift impact path (e.g., during ribbon reversal): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is intended to
receive multiple type-face* impacts along a first zone
extending parallel to the elongated dimensions of the ribbon, and
wherein significance is attributed to the manner of moving the ribbon
transversely relative to its elongated dimension so that subsequent
type-face impacts will be in a different zone transversely spaced
from the first zone. |
| | |
| 217.1 | By adjustable ribbon guide spaced from supply spool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is wound in convolutions
of a reel and is led from the reel past the print-point* via
a member which causes the ribbon to follow a predetermined path,
and wherein the transverse movement of the ribbon is caused by selectively
changing the position of said member relative to the print-point. |
| | |
| 218 | Ribbon-reversing mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
a ribbon* and the provision is made for moving the ribbon
relative to a print-point* in a first direction as character* symbols
are imprinted on a record-medium* during typing, and wherein
significance is attributed to a manner of causing the ribbon to
move relative to the print-point in a direction opposite to said first
direction for further typing of characters on the record-medium
using the same ribbon. |
| | |
| 219 | Including means responsive to depletion of ribbon supply: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is moved to the
print-point* from a location where the ribbon has been
stored on the typewriter, and wherein there is means for detecting
when such ribbon storage has been exhausted to cause the ribbon
to move in the opposite direction. |
| | |
| 219.1 | Including an electric switch: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter wherein said detecting means includes a device
for influencing an electrical circuit used in the operation of a
member or members controlling the direction of movement of the ribbon*. |
| | |
| 219.2 | Including lever retained in spool by wound ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is stored on the
typewriter in convolutions on a reel, and wherein said detecting
means includes a member mounted on the reel and held in a first
position by the convoluted ribbon, said member being movable to
a second position to influence ribbon direction-changing means when the
ribbon has been unwound from engagement with the member. |
| | |
| 219.3 | Including sensor for diameter of wound ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is stored on the
typewriter accumulated in wound convolutions, and wherein said detecting
means includes a detecting member which is biased against the outermost
convolution in a manner such that said member moves as the number
of convolutions increases or decreases and wherein the movement
of said member influences the ribbon direction-changing means. |
| | |
| 219.4 | Sensor received in depression in core of spool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 219.3. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is stored on the
typewriter in convolutions around a cylindrical surface of a reel,
and wherein said cylindrical surface includes an opening or cavity which
receives said detecting member when all the convolutions have been
exhausted from the reel. |
| | |
| 219.5 | Including projection from ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* includes a protuberance
from a surface thereof, and said detecting means includes a member
actuated by said protuberance to influence ribbon direction-changing
means when the ribbon storage is exhausted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 239, | for a ribbon, per se, having a protuberance for
actuating reversing mechanism. |
|
| | |
| 220 | Alternative pawl-and-ratchet drive including ratchet directly
connected to spool or spindle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Subject matter wherein opposite ends of the ribbons* are
attached respectively to first and second cylindrical members, the
first member having a first ratchet* secured thereon to
be driven by a first pawl* and thereby move the ribbon
in the first direction by winding it on the first member, and the
second member having a second ratchet secured thereon to be driven
by a second pawl and thereby move the ribbon in the opposite direction
by winding it on the second member, and wherein means are provided for
causing the first pawl to be operative in its driving relationship
with the first ratcher while the second pawl is caused to be inoperative,
or for causing the second pawl to be operative in its driving relationship
with the second ratchet while the first pawl is caused to be inoperative.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 236.1, | for pawl-and-ratchet drive for ribbon feeding. |
|
| | |
| 221 | Alternative gear drive including gear directly connected
to spool or spindle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Subject matter wherein opposite ends of the ribbon* are
attached respectively to first and second cylindrical members, the
first member having a first toothed-driven wheel secured thereto,
and the second member having a second toothed-driven wheel secured
thereto, the first and second driven wheels being driven by a toothed
driving wheel selectively engageable with either of the driven wheels
or being driven by first or second driving wheels engageable respectively
with the first or the second driven wheels, the driving wheel or
wheels having a different axis of rotation than the driven wheels,
and wherein shiftable means are provided to selectively cause a
driving wheel to operatively engage the first driven wheel to move
the ribbon the first direction by winding the ribbon on the first
member, or to cause a driving wheel to operatively engage the second driven
wheel to move the ribbon in the opposite direction by winding the
ribbon on the second member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 236.2, | for gear drive for ribbon feeding. |
|
| | |
| 221.1 | And gears mounted on ends of axially shiftable common shaft: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter wherein a first driving wheel is secured
to one extremity of a rod having an elongated dimension and a second
driving wheel is secured to the opposite extremity of the same rod,
the rod being shiftable in opposite directions parallel to the elongated
dimension of the rod to either engage the first driving wheel with
the first driven wheel or to engage the second driving wheel with
the second driven wheel. |
| | |
| 221.2 | And gears mounted on ends of pivoted common shaft: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter wherein a first driving wheel is secured
to one extremity of a rod having an elongated dimension, and a second
driving wheel is secured to the opposite extremity of the same rod,
the rod being movable about an axis perpendicular to its elongated
dimension to either engage the first driving wheel with the first
driven wheel or to engage the second driving wheel with the second
driven wheel. |
| | |
| 222 | Alternative clutch drive including clutch member directly
connected to spool or spindle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Subject matter wherein opposite ends of the ribbon* are
attached respectively to first and second cylindrical members, the
first member having a first driven coupling device secured thereto,
and the second member having a second driven coupling device secured
thereto, the first and second driven coupling devices being driven
by a driving coupling device selectively engageable with either
of the driven coupling devices or being driven by first or second
driving coupling devices selectively engageable respectively with
the first or the second driven coupling devices, the driving coupling
device or devices being coaxial with the driven coupling devices
and the driving and driven devices having a one-to-one drive ratio,
and wherein shiftable means are provided to selectively cause a
driving coupling device to operatively engage the first driven coupling
device to move the ribbon in the first direction by winding the
ribbon on the first member, or to cause a driving coupling device
to operatively engage the second driven coupling device to move
the ribbon in the opposite direction by winding it on the second
member. |
| | |
| 223 | Ribbon-feeding mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
a ribbon* and significance is attributed to a manner of
moving the ribbon relative to a print-point* in a direction
parallel to the longitudinal extent of the ribbon as character* symbols
are imprinted on a record-medium* or to the manner of regulating
such ribbon movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 36, | for ribbon feed in a flat-platen typewriter. |
| 218, | for ribbon reversing wherein ribbon feeding is disclosed. |
|
| | |
| 224.2 | Ribbon is full-page wide: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 224.1. Subject matter wherein a dimension of the ribbon* transverse
to the longitudinal extent of the ribbon is approximately the same
as the dimension of the record-medium* parallel to the
print-line*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 246, | for a cylindrical member for convoluting thereon
a ribbon of similar dimension. |
|
| | |
| 226 | For feeding ribbon partial character-space before impact
and partial character-space after impact: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein the ribbon is moved relative to the
print-point* in incremental distances approximating the
width of a character* as characters are imprinted on the
record-medium*, and wherein the ribbon is moved a portion
of such incremental distance prior to a type-face* contacting
the ribbon, and the ribbon is moved the remaining portion of such incremental
distance after the same type-face contacts the ribbon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 232, | for ribbon feeding at a particular feed rate. |
|
| | |
| 227 | For narrow carbon ribbon (e.g., carbon ink, "single
use", etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* being moved
is a carbon-ink ribbon or a "carbon-paper" ribbon.
| | (1)
Note. See the definition of ribbon in the Glossary, section
III, for a discussion of carbon-ink and carbon-paper ribbons, and
see (1) Note under subclass 497 for a discussion of the term carbon-paper. | |
| | |
| 227.1 | Ribbon destroyed after use: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter wherein provision is made for treating the
ribbon* on the typewriter after the ribbon leaves the print-point* so
as to render illegible any type-face* impressions on the
ribbon or to make the ribbon useless for further typing. |
| | |
| 227.2 | Or for alternately used fabric ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter wherein a "fabric" ribbon* is also
mounted for use on the typewriter and provision is made for either
moving the fabric ribbon relative to the print-point* or
for moving the "carbon-paper" or "carbon-ink" ribbon
relative to the print-point, the ribbon which is so moved being
selectable by the typist which is so moved being selectable by the
typist.
| | (1)
Note. See the definition of ribbon in the Glossary, section
III, for a discussion of fabric ribbon. | |
| | |
| 228 | Including pin-feed-engaging ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is moved by
contacting the ribbon with elements that are movable in a ribbon-feeding
direction, which elements either pierce the ribbon or move into preformed
openings in the ribbon. |
| | |
| 229 | Mounted with movable type-face-carrier or type-head-carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is attached to
a type-face-carrier* or is attached to a type-head-carrier* either
of which carriers moves relative to a stationary record-medium* for imprinting
the character* symbols along the print-line*,
whereby the ribbon moves with either the type-face-carrier or the
type-head-carrier. |
| | |
| 230 | With fast rewind of ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is supplied to
the print-point* from a coiled supply of the ribbon so
that the supply is depleted while the ribbon is moved in a first
direction during imprinting of character* symbols, and
wherein provision is made for rapidly moving the ribbon in the opposite
direction to replenish the coiled supply, no character symbols being imprinted
during such rapid movement. |
| | |
| 231 | With prevention of ribbon feed (e.g., for nontype operation,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein there is a drive mechanism for moving
the ribbon* relative to the print-point*, and
wherein significance is attributed to stopping or disconnecting
such drive mechanism while a function* is performed on the
typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. It is usual to have ribbon movement depend on carriage* movement
as the carriage is moved in the direction of the print-line* while
character* symbols are imprinted so that a fresh ribbon
surface is presented for each type-face* impact. There
are other carriage movements (e.g., for spacing between words, backspace,
etc.) where no imprint takes place and so a fresh ribbon surface
is not needed as a result of the latter movements. This subclass
(231) provides for disclosures wherein ribbon drive mechanism is
disconnected for carriage movements when no imprinting takes place. | |
| | |
| 232 | Including feed at particular feed rate (e.g., "creep"
feed): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is moved a predetermined
distance relative to the print-point* each time a character* is
imprinted on the record-medium*, and wherein significance is
attributed to the speed at which the ribbon is so moved or to the
distance the ribbon is so moved.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 226, | for feeding ribbon a partial character-space* before
type-face* impact and a partial character-space after type-face impact. |
|
| | |
| 233 | Ribbon feed from supply only during carriage return: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein a carriage* is moved in a
first direction along a print-line* as character* symbols
are imprinted, and the carriage is moved in a second direction opposite
to the first direction to begin another print-line, and wherein
the ribbon* is moved to the print-point* from
a location where the ribbon has been stored on the typewriter, such
movement of the ribbon from storage taking place only when the carriage
is moved in the second direction. |
| | |
| 234 | Including ribbon tensioner: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to means
for maintaining the ribbon* in a relatively taut or non-sagging
condition as the ribbon is moved relative to the print-point*. |
| | |
| 235 | Drive applied by means directly engaging ribbon in advance
of takeup: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is accumulated
at a location on the typewriter after the ribbon has moved past
the print-point*, and wherein the ribbon is moved in the
direction parallel to its longitudinal extent by a motion-transmitting
mechanism which contacts the ribbon at a place on the typewriter
between the print-point and the accumulated location of the ribbon. |
| | |
| 235.1 | Drive applied by pinch-roller couple: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Subject matter wherein the motion-transmitting mechanism
includes a pair of rotatable cylindrical members positioned with
respect to each other, and to the ribbon*, in a manner
such that one member engages one surface of the ribbon, and the
other member engages the opposite surface of the ribbon, whereby
rotation of the members in opposite rotational directions moves
the ribbon toward the location wherein the ribbon is accumulated. |
| | |
| 236 | Drive applied directly to spool or spool spindle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein one end of the ribbon* is
attached to a cylindrical member, and wherein the ribbon is moved
past the print-point* by rotating the member about its
axis to wind the ribbon in convolutions thereon, said member being
rotated by a motion-transmitted mechanism, and said mechanism including
a component rigidly secured to the cylindrical member. |
| | |
| 236.1 | By a pawl driving a ratchet on the spool or spindle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Subject matter wherein the component secured to the cylindrical
member is a ratchet*, and wherein the motion-transmitting
mechanism includes a pawl* for moving the ratchet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 220, | for pawl-and-ratchet drive used with ribbon reversing. |
|
| | |
| 236.2 | By a gear driving a gear on the spool or spindle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Subject matter wherein the component secured to the cylindrical
member is a first toothed wheel, and wherein the motion-transmitting mechanism
includes a second toothed wheel engageable to rotate the first toothed
wheel, said first and second toothed wheels having different and
non-coextensive axes of rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 221, | for gear drive used with ribbon reversing. |
|
| | |
| 237 | Ribbon, per se: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
a ribbon* and significance is attributed to the structure
or characteristics of the ribbon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 194, | for an endless ribbon. |
|
| | |
| 238 | Having leader portion (e.g., for threading, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a modification
of either end of the ribbon*.
| | (1)
Note. Such modification may be for various reasons including
facilitating attachment to a spool, facilitating threading of the
ribbon through a guide, or permitting handling without soiling the typist"s
fingers with ink*. | |
| | |
| 239 | With ribbon-reversing indicator or device on ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* is of a kind which,
when in use on a typewriter, is intended to be moved in either of
opposite directions relative to a print-point*, and wherein
significance is attributed to a modification of the ribbon which
either alerts the typist that directional change of the ribbon is
desired or controls the mechanism for changing the directional movement
of the ribbon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 218, | for a mechanism for moving a ribbon in either of
opposite directions. |
|
| | |
| 240 | Including differently pigmented fields: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* has plural zones
impregnated or coated with a coloring agent intended to be transferred
from the ribbon to the record-medium* during typing, the coloring
agent in one zone being ink* of a first color, and the
coloring agent in another zone being of a different shade or color
than the first color. |
| | |
| 240.1 | Including correction-material field: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein one of the zones includes a coloring
agent which is a coating of a color approximating the color of the
record-medium*, which coating will adhere to the ink*,
of an imprinted character*, or wherein one of the zones
includes a chemical agent which eradicates the ink that has been imprinted
on the record-medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 697, | for an error-correcting sheet or tape. |
|
| | |
| 241.1 | Synthetic material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter wherein the substance is a compound formed
from chemical reaction involving elements, radical, or simpler compounds.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for disclosure of a ribbon* wherein
the ink*-carrying substance of the ribbon is a "man-made" substance
rather than a substance which occurs naturally. | |
| | |
| 241.3 | Particular weave pattern: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter wherein the ribbon is formed from interlaced
thread-like elements, and wherein significance is attributed to
the manner in which such elements are arranged relative to each
other. |
| | |
| 241.4 | Including ink-impervious backing for ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter wherein the ribbon* has first and
second surfaces, the first surface contacting a record-medium* to
imprint a character* by transferring ink* from
the ribbon to the record-medium when the second surface is contacted
by a type-face*, and wherein the second surface of the
ribbon is formed of a substance through which ink is incapable of passing
to preclude direct contact of the type-face with ink. |
| | |
| 242 | Ribbon spool or mount therefor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
a ribbon* in the form of an elongated tape that is spirally
wound around a cylindrical member, and wherein significance is attributed to
said member or to holding the member and the ribbon wound thereon
on a typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. The member (i.e., spool) may have flanges extending
radially to retain the spiral convolutions of the ribbon wound thereon,
or may be a core having no flanges. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 203, | for a spool mounted within a platen*. |
| 207, | for a package for ribbon spool(s) simplifying mounting
the ribbon and spool on a typewriter. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 242, | Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 600+ and 118+ for a spool to support wound
material. |
|
| | |
| 243 | Universally adaptable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a modification
of, or an attachment for, the cylindrical member which facilitates
holding the member on any of diverse shapes or kinds of supports
on a typewriter. |
| | |
| 244 | Including ribbon-reversing indicator or device on spool
or mount: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Subject matter wherein the cylindrical member is intended
to be rotated in either of opposite directions depending on whether
the ribbon is to be wound thereon or to be unwound therefrom, and
wherein significance is attributed to a modification of such cylindrical
member which either alerts the typist that a change in directional
rotation of the member is desired, or which controls the mechanism
for changing the directional rotation of the member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 218, | for a mechanism for moving a ribbon in either of
opposite directions. |
|
| | |
| 246 | Spool for full-page-wide ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Subject matter wherein the cylindrical member is intended
to accommodate a ribbon* having a dimension transverse
to its longitudinal extent which dimension is approximately the
same as the dimension of the record-medium* parallel to
the print-line*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 224.2, | for a mechanism for feeding ribbon of similar dimension. |
|
| | |
| 247 | Means auxiliary to ribbon mechanism (e.g., shield, guide,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein the transfer-medium* is
a ribbon*, and wherein significance is attributed to a
device used in conjunction with the ribbon, but which device does
not itself effect the imprint of a character* or function* of
the typewriter, or which device is not provided for in any of the
subclasses indented under subclass 191. |
| | |
| 248 | Including guide for ribbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter wherein the device is a member for conducting
or leading the ribbon* from its place of storage on the
typewriter to the print-point* or from the print-point
to a place of storage on the typewriter. |
| | |
| 248.1 | Ribbon guide opening expandable to facilitate ribbon insertion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Subject matter wherein the member includes a pair of components
between which the ribbon* extends, said components having
first and second positions movable relative to each other and being
spaced further from each other at said second position than at said
first position to facilitate placement of the ribbon between the
components at said second position. |
| | |
| 248.2 | And typewriter-actuated closing of guide: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 248.1. Subject matter wherein a first part of a typewriter moves
to accomplish its intended first-part function, and during said
movement the first part engages a second part to move the second
part, and wherein movement of the second part causes relative movement
of said components from said second position to said first position. |
| | |
| 251 | CASE-SHIFT MECHANISM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a means
in a typewriter for performing a case-shift* function by
effecting relative movement between a record-medium* and
a type-face* element that is at the print-point* whereby
a typist is enabled to choose which one of two or more forms of
character* symbols that may be imprinted by pressing a particular
character key* element will be imprinted, the choice being
made by the typist who presses or does not press a case-shift key.
| | (1)
Note. As discussed in the definition of case-shift in the
Glossary, section III, case-shift is the function* that
enables a typewriter to imprint either an upper-case* form
or a lower-case* form of character symbol with the same
key element, depending on whether the case-shift key is used or
not used. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 35, | for case-shift in a flat-platen* typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 252 | Including programmed-control-system: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein the operation of the case-shift* mechanism
to effect the form of a type-face* that is to be impressed
against the record-medium* is governed by a programmed-control-system*. |
| | |
| 253 | Including electronic control or code-bar control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein the operation of a case-shift* mechanism
to effect the form of a type-face* that is to be impressed
against a record-medium* is governed by either (a) an electrical system
involving the flow of electrons in a circuit, or (b) a plurality
of members having particular index characteristics thereon, which members
are moved to a position relative to an arrangement of element(s)
within the mechanism where the index characteristics are aligned
one with another to enable movement of another component of the
mechanism to effect choice of operation or non-operation of the
case-shift mechanism. |
| | |
| 254 | Controlled by typewriter-actuated mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein the operation of the case-shift* mechanism
to effect the form of a type-face* that is to be impressed
against the record-medium* is governed by an arrangement
of parts in the typewriter, which arrangement includes a first part
that moves to accomplish its intended first-part function*, and
during such movement the first part engages a second part to move
the second part, which second part is connected to the case-shift mechanism
to accomplish case-shift as the first part moves to accomplish its
first-part function. |
| | |
| 255 | Including plural case-shift mechanisms (e.g., for simultaneous
or selective use): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein one typewriter is provided with at
least two case-shift* means.
| | (1)
Note. One exemplary use of two case-shift mechanisms is in
a typewriter wherein the carriage*, and thereby the platen* that
is carried by the carriage, is vertically movable in a case-shift
mode, and wherein the type-bar-segment*, and thereby the
type-set-assemblage* that is carried by the type-bar-segment,
is also movable for case-shifting. | |
| | |
| 256 | Actuated by toggle-linkage: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein the case-shift* mechanism
includes a toggle-linkage* assemblage that is used to move
a portion of the typewriter for case-shifting. |
| | |
| 257 | For case-shift by type-head (e.g., spherical type-head)
movement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-head* that includes a type-set-assemblaged*,
which type-head is moved by case-shift* mechanism for selection
of the form of character* symbol to be used.
| | (1)
Note. The typewriter of this subclass often is provided with
a "golf-ball" or spheroidal type-head*.
See the definition of type-head in the Glossary, section III, for
a discussion of other configurations of type-head elements. | |
| | |
| 258 | Power-operated mechanism (e.g., for locking shift key): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein the case-shift* mechanism
is actuated with the help of force generated by or derived from
a source other than the typist.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for power applied for a miscellaneous
function* in the case-shift mechanism of the typewriter,
including some disclosures of a solenoid used for locking the shift-key element
of the key-board. | |
| | |
| 261 | Multiple-shift mechanism (i.e., for type-bar having three
or more type-faces thereon): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
plurality of type-bar* members, each type-bar having at
least three type-face* elements thereon, only one of which
type-face is to be impacted to form only one character* on
record-medium* for each pressing of a character key* element,
and wherein the case-shift* mechanism is arranged to cause
relative movement between a record-medium and the selected type-bar
that is at a print-point* into one of at least three positions,
whereby a chosen one of the type-face* with respect to
the type-bar* that carries the type-face, the movement
being a turning motion.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for a typewriter wherein a platen* is
shifted vertically, or horizontally, as in a bottom-strike or top-strike
typewriter. | |
| | |
| 262 | For shifting type-bar-segment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein case-shift* is effected by
moving the type-bar-case-shift* is effected by moving the
type-bar-segment* relative to the typewriter thereby moving
the type-bar* members and the type-face* elements
carried thereby to the platen*. |
| | |
| 263 | For shifting type-bar or type-face on type-bar: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein case-shift* is effected by
moving the type-bar* relative to the typewriter, or by
moving the type-face* relative to the type-bar, whereby
in either event the type-face is moved relative to the platen*. |
| | |
| 264 | For shifting platen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein case-shift* is effected by
moving the platen* relative to the typewriter, thereby
moving the record-medium* relative to the type-face* element
which will impact thereagainst.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 261, | for case-shift by moving platen in a multiple-shift
typewriter |
|
| | |
| 265 | Fore-and-aft (e.g., for top-strike or bottom-strike typewriter): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter wherein the movement of the platen* during
case-shift* is in a direction that extends between the
front and rear of the typewriter and substantially parallel to the
bottom of the typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. The typewriter of this subclass is usually one wherein
the type-face* impacts against the top of the platen or the
bottom of the platen. | |
| | |
| 266 | Mounted on pivotally movable platen carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter wherein the platen* is supported by
structure that moves the platen in the arc of a circle for case-shift* purposes.
| | (1)
Note. In most typewriters, the platen- carrier or platen-support
structure is a carriage*. | |
| | |
| 266.1 | With movement of platen out of typing position: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter wherein said structure enables the platen* to
be removed from adjacent the print-point*.
| | (1)
Note. In the typewriter of this subclass the platen is movable
out of typing position or may be entirely removed from the carriage* that
normally supports the platen. | |
| | |
| 266.2 | Including adjustable counterbalance spring: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter wherein the platen* and the structure
that moves the platen has mass that exerts a downward force, and
wherein the typewriter is provided with a component or assemblage
of elements that exerts an upward force on the said structure to
compensate for this downward force of said structure, which component
or assemblage of elements is resilient and the upward force exerted
by the component or assemblage is variable. |
| | |
| 268 | For shifting type-face or type-bar: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein case-shift* is effected by
moving a type-face* or by moving a type-bar* relative
to the typewriter platen*, the direction of such movement
being considered to be parallel to a plane in which the print-point* lies,
thereby causing a chosen type-face to be impacted against a record-medium* at
the print-point.
| | (1)
Note. The type-face may be one of many type-faces on a type-head* containing
a type-set-assemblage*, in which event case-shift occurs
by moving the type-head so that the chosen type-face will be in
position to be impacted. Or the type-face may be movable relative
to a type-bar that carries only two (or three) type-faces. | |
| | |
| 269 | By shifting type-bar or type-face on type-bar: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter wherein case-shift* is effected by
moving a type-bar*, together with the type-face* supported
thereby relative to the platen* or by moving a type-face
relative to the type-bar that supports the type-face, thereby moving the
type-face relative to the platen. |
| | |
| 269.1 | By pivoting type-face relative to type-bar: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Subject matter wherein case-shift* is effected by
moving a type-face* with respect to the type-bar* that
supports the type-face thereby moving the type-face relative to
the platen*, the movement being oscillatory. |
| | |
| 270 | Mounted on type-bar support (e.g., guide pin, type-bar-segment
, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with structure
that sustains the type-bar* members in an operative relationship
to enable the type-bars, and the type-face* elements carried
by the type-bars, to move from rest position to print-point* position
as each type-bar is selected to impact its type-face against the record-medium*,
which structure also enables movement of the type-set-assemblage* that
is sustained on the structure, the movement of the type-set-assemblage
being for the purpose of effecting case-shift*.
| | (1)
Note. In some of the typewriters of this subclass the type-bars
are mounted on a type-bar-segment* which moves so that a
chosen type-face of the selected type-bar will impact the record-medium. | |
| | |
| 270.1 | Ring hanger support: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Subject matter wherein said structure includes a generally
annular member to which the type-bar* members are connected.
| | (1)
Note. The ring hanger of this subclass is usually used in
a top-strike typewriter or bottom-strike typewriter. | |
| | |
| 270.2 | Including ball-bearing support: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Subject matter wherein said structure includes a mechanical
assemblage known as a "ball bearing" to which
the type-bar* members are connected for movement.
| | (1)
Note. A ball bearing is a device in which a shaft or journal
turns upon a number of balls running in an annular track. | |
| | |
| 272 | Including key attachment for case-shift: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein case-shift* is effected by
a key* element on the key-board* that is pressed,
the pressing of the case-shift key being caused by a device that
is connected to the typewriter, which device is actuated or operated
by the typist. |
| | |
| 273 | Operated by user"s leg, (e.g., foot, knee, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein said device is energized by a lower
limb of the typist.
| | (1)
Note. A typewriter of this subclass is usually intended to
increase typing speed by giving the typist the capability of actuating
case-shift* by a key* element that is pressed
by action of a foot, knee, etc., rather than pressed by a finger.
A typewriter for handicapped persons is found in subclass 87 above. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 87, | and see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 274 | For locking case-shift mechanism in position (e.g., rebound
lock, cam, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein said relative movement effects a
rearrangement of parts on the typewriter to at least two locations
relative to the typewriter frame, and wherein significance is attributed
to means for maintaining the particular arrangement of parts as
desired by the typist until another location of said parts is desired.
| | (1)
Note. In the typewriter of this subclass, the case-shift* mechanism
is held by a cam, or is prevented from rebounding out of position
into an undesired position. Also included herein is a typewriter wherein
the platen* is locked in a raised position. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 663, | for other locking mechanism in a typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 275 | For locking platen in fore-and-aft position (e.g., by overcenter
spring, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter wherein the platen* of the typewriter
during case-shift* is in a direction that extends between
the front and rear of the typewriter and substantially parallel
to the bottom of the typewriter, and said two locations are the extreme
front and rear of the extent of movement of the plate, and wherein
significance is attributed to means for maintaining the platen in
its extreme front or rear location until another location is desired
by the typist. |
| | |
| 276 | For locking shift-key lever in depressed position: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter wherein the case-shift* function is
accomplished by pressing a particular key* element known
as a shift key, which shift-key element is connected to a fulcrumed
bar for movement of the bar when the shift-key element is pressed
by a typist, and wherein significance is attributed to means for
maintaining the shift key in the position it has been moved to when
it is pressed by the typist. |
| | |
| 276.1 | By toggle-linkage: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter wherein said means includes a toggle-linkage* connected
between said fulcrumed bar and the typewriter. |
| | |
| 277 | Including limit stop (e.g., block, chain, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter wherein said relative movement is halted
at the extreme ends of the desired movement by the interengagement
of a component that moves with the case-shift* mechanism
and a component that is fixed to the typewriter. |
| | |
| 278 | Including limit screw: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter wherein at least one of said components is
an elongated helically threaded member that is rotatable about an
axis extending in its elongated dimension and is movable along its
axis as it is rotated about its axis. |
| | |
| 279 | CONTROL OF PRINT POSITION ALONG PRINT-LINE BY SIGNAL GENERATED
BY PROGRAMMED-CONTROL-SYSTEM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a programmed-control-system* is
provided for transmitting instructions to a typewriter mechanism
to govern the location where a type-face* element will
be impressed against the record-medium*, the location being
along a path parallel to the print-line*. |
| | |
| 281 | Member is punched tape or card: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Subject matter wherein the supplementary element is an elongated,
relatively narrow strip of material, or a sheet of material, said
material having apertures formed therein in a particular pattern,
and the apertures representing the instructions governing the operation
of the typewriter. |
| | |
| 283 | CARRIAGE OR CARRIAGE-MOVING OR MOVEMENT-REGULATING MECHANISM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
carriage* of a typewriter, or to movement of the carriage,
or to control of movement or stoppage of movement of the carriage,
which movement occurs along a line that is parallel to the print-line*.
| | (1)
Note. The definition of the term "carriage" in
the Glossary, section III, includes a discussion of the movement referred
to the above, the direction of such movement, and the difference between
a "platen* carriage" and a "type-head* carriage". | |
| | |
| 284 | For stopping carriage in tabular position (e.g., column-set
positions): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved in a direction that enables the character* symbols
to be imprinted in succession (i.e., the character-space* direction),
and wherein the movement in said direction is controlled such that
after the carriage has moved past a predetermined number of character-space
distances, the carriage will be stopped in a position corresponding
to a print-point* for the start of a column of character
symbols.
| | (1)
Note. The term "column" refers to a plurality
of print-lines* arranged one above or below another in
vertical array (i.e., a particular character of each successive line
of type being equally spaced from one of the side edges of a sheet
or web record-medium*). |
| | (2)
Note. The term "tabular" refers to at least
one, but usually a plurality of columns each arranged in vertical
array and each parallel to a side edge of a sheet or web as well
as to other column(s) that are produced on the sheet or web. |
| | (3)
Note. In the typewriter of this subclass the tab-stop elements
on the tab-rack* are set in active position to effect typing of
a column. The typewriter is thus said to be "column set". | |
| | |
| 285 | In denominational positions: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is used to imprint
one or more columns of numeral digits, and wherein the carriage* is
stopped in a position such that the decimal point of a succession
of numbers typed one below the other(s) will be arranged in vertical
array.
| | (1)
Note. In the instance of a "denominational" column
the left character* of successive print-lines* will
not necessarily be one below the others, depending on whether the
left character represents a "hundreds" digit,
a "tens" digit, etc. Rather the decimal point
will be in vertical array. Moreover, in the instance where the decimal
point of successive numbers is not actually imprinted, but is merely
understood to be present, the particular character is the basis
of the columnar arrangement, is in fact the "units" digit
of the successive numbers. | |
| | |
| 285.1 | And column-set positions: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein the carriage* may be stopped
in a column position and then be further moved and again stopped
in a denominational position within said column.
| | (1)
Note. The term "column" is discussed in (1)
Note of subclass 284; the term "column set" is
discussed in (3) Note of subclass 284; and the term "denominational" is
discussed in (1) Note of subclass 285. The typewriter of this and
indented subclasses combine features of two forms of tabulation,
that is, carriage is brought to a selected column field and the
carriage is further brought to a selected denominational position
within the selected column field. | |
| | |
| 285.2 | Tab-rack stop intercepted by denominational-stop: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 285.1. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is stopped by
the interengagement of a selected denominational-stop* with
a "tab stop" that is mounted on a tab-rack*.
| | (1)
Note. The term "tab stop" is discussed in the
definition of tab-rack in the Glossary, section III. | |
| | |
| 285.3 | Tab stops grouped in stepped fashion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 285.2. Subject matter wherein the "tab stop" elements are
arranged on the tab-rack* in sets or assemblages of tab
stops, the individual tab stops of each set being in an ascending
or descending scale of individually varying length in each assemblage,
and each set or assemblage being arranged for a different "columnar" arrangement.
| | (1)
Note. The term "tab stop" is discussed in
the definition of tab-rack in the Glossary, section III, and the
term "columnar" is a variation of the term "column" which
is discussed in (1) Note of subclass 284. | |
| | |
| 285.4 | With control of zero or space for decimal point: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
suppression or regulation of the imprinting of a "zero" digit
in a sequence of number digits, or wherein significance is attributed
to the regulation of the occurrence of a character-space* associated
with a "decimal point" in a sequence of number
digits or the regulation of the decimal point associated with a
sequence of number digits. |
| | |
| 285.5 | With reverse-direction movement of carriage: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is moved in
a direction opposed to the normal character-space* direction
during the imprinting of numeral digits in denominational columns.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass the number is imprinted from the most
significant to the least significant digit by backspacing the carriage
from right to left along the print-line*, or the number
is imprinted so that the first denominational digit typed is the
least significant digit. | |
| | |
| 285.6 | Helically mounted denominational-stop(s): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to an
arrangement of denominational-stop* components, the components
being carried on a drum or cylinder in an array that has the configuration
of a helix around the surface of the drum or cylinder. |
| | |
| 286 | Shiftable denominational-stop(s): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
movement of a denomination-stop* or the interengagement
of said denominational-stop with a tab-stop element on a tab-rack*. |
| | |
| 286.1 | Step-shaped denominational- or tab-stop(s): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter wherein either the denominational-stop* components
or the "tab-stop" elements on the tab-rack* are
arranged in sets or assemblages, the components or elements of each
set being in an ascending or descending scale of individually varying
length in each assemblage. |
| | |
| 286.2 | Engaging movable tab-rack means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
interengagement of a denominational-stop* with a tab-stop
element on a tab-rack* or to the movement of said tab-stop
element from inactive position to active position or return from
active to inactive position. |
| | |
| 286.3 | With latch or lock means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to means
for temporarily securing against unwanted or undesired movement
any parts of the mechanism that is included in the tabulator mechanism
for denominational column(s).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 663, | for other locking mechanism in a typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 287 | Column set by control of mutilated carriage-rack: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
move quickly to its "column-set" position by use
of a carriage-rack* that has gaps in the teeth or notches
of the bar that is part of the carriage-rack, the length of the
gap determining the length of the character-space* distance that
is to be jumped in moving the carriage to the column-set position. |
| | |
| 288 | Column set by control of tab-rack: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
move to its "column-set" position by moving a
tab-rack* component from an inoperative position to an
operative position, the tab-rack having tab-stop elements thereon
which are active to govern or regulate the column-set position. |
| | |
| 289 | Column set by control of tab-stops or column stops
or counter-stops: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved to its "column-set" position and stopped
in that position by "tab-stop" elements mounted
on a tab-rack*, selected of said elements having been moved
from a "clear" position to a "set" position,
or the carriage is stopped in a column-set position by a "counter-stop" element.
| | (1)
Note. For further discussion of the terms used and their
operation, see the definition of tab-rack in the Glossary, section III. | |
| | |
| 289.1 | Tab-stops grouped in stepped fashion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Subject matter wherein the "tab-stop" elements are
arranged in sets or assemblages of tab stops on the tab-rack*,
the individual tab stops of each set being in an ascending or descending scale
of individually varying length in each assemblage, and each set
or assemblage being arranged for a different "columnar" arrangement. |
| | |
| 290 | Forward or reverse tabulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved and is caused to be stopped in a position corresponding
to a print-point* for the start of a column of character* symbols,
the movement occurring in a character-space* direction,
or the carriage is caused to be moved in a direction opposite to
the character-space direction and caused to be stopped in a position corresponding
to a print-point for the end of a column of character symbols.
| | (1)
Note. The typewriter of this subclass is sometimes also provided
with a carriage-shuttling mechanism, which enables the carriage
to travel in a forward or a reverse direction directly between tabular
positions without having to first return to home position following
a tabulating movement. | |
| | |
| 291 | With impact cushion or rebound check: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is moved in
a first direction and then stopped in a tabular position, and wherein
the stopping of the carriage is regulated by a component or assemblage
that is yieldable or limited in the movement of said component or
assemblage when used to stop the carriage, whereby the energy of
movement of the carriage is absorbed and/or any movement
in a direction opposite to said first direction is inhibited. |
| | |
| 293 | By multiple pitch tab-racks or mutilated gear: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is moved and
then stopped in tabular position, the movement and stopping being
regulated or governed by either (a) a tab-rack* component
in which one plurality of tab-stop elements are spaced to one pitch* distance
and another plurality of tab stops are spaced to another pitch distance,
or a plurality of tab-racks, each tab-rack having tab-stop elements
spaced to a different pitch from one from another, or (b) a toothed
driving member having gaps in the teeth of the member. |
| | |
| 294 | Stop-setting or stop-clearing mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to structure
for causing movement of a "tab-stop" element from
a passive position (i.e., a position at which it will not engage
with a "counter-stop" element) to an active (i.e., "set")
position (i.,e., a position at which it will engage with a counter-stop
element to stop a moving carriage* in a "tabular" position),
or for causing movement of a tab-stop element from an active position
to a passive (i.e., "clear") position, or wherein
significance is attributed to structure for causing movement of a
counter-stop element from a passive position to an active position
or for causing movement of a counter-stop element from an active
position to a passive position.
| | (1)
Note. The terms "tab-stop" element and "counter-stop" element
have been discussed in the definition of tab-rack* in the
Glossary, section III, and the term "tabular" has
been discussed in the definition of tab* as well as in
(2) Note to the definition of subclass 284 above. |
| | (2)
Note. This subclass provides for a type-writer wherein the
tab stop(s) is/are cleared, i.e., moved from active position to
inactive position. | |
| | |
| 294.1 | With stop magazine (i.e., for supply of stops): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
receptacle in which the "tab-stop" elements are
contained ready for use, from which receptacle the tab stops are
removed to be used for use in the tabulating mechanism, and to which
receptacle the tab stops are returned after use in the tabulator
mechanism. |
| | |
| 294.2 | With key-locking mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with means
to prevent activation of the key* element that effects
tabulation or the key element that effects any action or function* other
than the setting or clearing of a "tab-stop" element
during the time that the tab stop is cleared or set.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 663, | for other locking mechanism in a typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 294.3 | Drum-mounted tab-stops: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein the "tab-stop" elements are
carried on a cylindrical member or on a segment of a cylindrical
member, either on the inner or the outer periphery of the member
or on the radial surface of the member. |
| | |
| 295.1 | Stop shifts horizontally from tab-rack: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject matter wherein the "tab-stop" element is
set into an active position by moving the tab stop forwardly or
rearwardly relative to the tab-rack* component that carries
the tab-stop elements. |
| | |
| 295.2 | Stops shifts laterally along tab-rack: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject matter wherein the "tab-stop" element is
set into one position or another position to accomplish the tabulation
by moving the tab stop along the length of the tab-rack* component
that carries the tab-stop elements. |
| | |
| 296 | Stop setting by movement of tab-rack: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein the tab-rack* of the typewriter
is movable from one position to another relative to the carriage* of
the typewriter, and wherein the "tab-stop" element
on the tab-rack is set into active position by moving the tab-rack. |
| | |
| 296.1 | Tab-rack rotates about its axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter wherein the movement of the tab-rack* is
a turning movement that occurs about a center that extends through
the tab-rack component along the length of the component. |
| | |
| 297.1 | Stop setting by pivoting pawllike stop: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein the "tab-stop" element is
set into active position for tabulation by moving the tab-stop element
with an arcuate movement.
| | (1)
Note. The tab stop is usually hook- shaped and has a pivot
axis on the end remote from the hook. | |
| | |
| 299 | With rotatable type wheel for repeat printing in response
to carriage movement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-member* in the form of a disc that turns about an
axis and bears on the edge of the disc a plurality of type-face* elements
all of which type-faces imprint the same character* symbol
on the record-medium* when the edge of the disc is impressed
against the record-medium, and wherein the typewriter is provided
with means to urge the disc against the record-medium as the carriage* is
moved in a character-space* direction, whereby as the carriage
so moves as the disc is impressed against the record-medium, a series
of the same character symbol is imprinted on the record-medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 21, | for a liner responsive to carriage movement. |
|
| | |
| 300 | Key-actuated mechanism for nonfeed of carriage (e.g., "silent" key,
locking carriage, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is normally
caused to be moved in a direction that enables the character* symbols
to be imprinted in succession (i.e., the character-space* direction)
by or concurrently with successive pressing of successive character
key* elements, but wherein significance is attributed to
a mode of operating the typewriter whereby pressing of a particular
key element will not cause movement of the carriage.
| | (1)
Note. The purpose of this mechanism is to permit the imprinting
of a character* symbol without an accompanying character-space* movement
of the carriage, thereby permitting two or more symbols to be imprinted
at the same print-point*. The mechanism thus permits a
letter and an accent mark, or a letter and a vowel symbol, or two
different letters (these being only exemplary of the possibilities),
to be imprinted at the same print-point. | |
| | |
| 301 | By disabling carriage-escapement mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter wherein the nonfeed or the nonmovement of
the carriage* is caused by temporarily making the normal
carriage-feed mechanism ineffective to move the carriage.
| | (1)
Note. For discussion of how the normal carriage-escapement
mechanism operates, see the definition of subclass 329. | |
| | |
| 302 | By key actuated independently of carriage feed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter wherein the nonfeed or nonmovement of the
carriage* is caused by the pressing of a special key* element
on the key-board*, which special key is used only to prevent
carriage movement and has no other effect on the carriage movement. |
| | |
| 303 | For varying carriage feed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved in a direction that enables the character* symbols
to be imprinted in succession (i.e., the character-space* direction),
and wherein the movement in said direction is regulated to occur
in irregular or unequal increments of movement, the increments corresponding
to variable character-space distances or variable word-space* distances.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 10, | for a variable carriage-feed mechanism used in a "justification" typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 304 | For kerning or overlap imprinting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Subject matter wherein the movement of the carriage* in
the character-space* direction is regulated to enable (a)
imprinting a first character* symbol in a first character-space,
moving the carriage to a distance less than a full character-space
distance, and imprinting a second character different from the first
character partly within the character-space of the first-character,
or (b) imprinting a first character symbol in a first character-space,
moving the carriage a very short distance relative to the first
character-space, and imprinting the first character again almost
within the first character-space, but only slightly displaced from
the first character.
| | (1)
Note. The operation described in (a) above is known as "kerning" and
is sometimes used to form a compound letter symbol out of two standard
letter symbols. The operation described in (b) is known as overlap
imprinting and is sometimes used to form a "boldface" letter
symbol. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 210, | for a ribbon used for boldface typing. |
|
| | |
| 305 | By force-feed or screw-feed mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved in a carriage-feed (i.e., character-space*) direction
through irregular increments by a mechanism that positively engages
the carriage or a portion affixed thereto and that positively moves
in a direction to thereby move the carriage therewith in said direction,
or wherein the carriage is caused to be moved by the rotation of
a helically threaded member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 328, | for force-feed mechanism in an equal increment carriage
feed. |
|
| | |
| 306 | Proportional to variable widths of imprinted characters: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Subject matter wherein the irregular or unequal increments
of movement of the carriage* correspond to the various
widths of the character* symbols that are imprinted on
the record-medium*.
| | (1)
Note. In the definition of the term character-space* in
the Glossary, section III, there is a discussion of the reason for variable
carriage feed. Briefly, in this mode of operation the carriage is
moved along the print-line* to the extent that a particular
character extends along the print-line. Therefore the distances between
adjacent characters are more nearly equal one to another, and the resulting
text appears uniform and gives a pleasing appearance. | |
| | |
| 306.1 | By settable elements (e.g., pins, bars, slides, etc): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein the irregular increments of carriage* movement
are caused by drive means that includes a movable member that is
provided with components that may be set into active position to
engage with another portion of the drive means, which component may
be cleared out of active position so as not to engage with the other
portion of the drive means, the selection of the amount of increment
of carriage movement being made by setting or not setting the components. |
| | |
| 306.2 | By ratchet wheel and controlled pawl: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein the irregular increments of carriage* movement
are caused by drive means that includes a pawl* that is
oscillated and caused to move into engagement with the teeth of
a ratchet* in the form of a ratchet wheel.
| | (1)
Note. The term "ratchet wheel" is defined
in the definition of ratchet. | |
| | |
| 307 | By ratchet rack and controlled pawl: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein the irregular increments of carriage* movement
are caused by drive means that includes a pawl* that is
oscillated and caused to move into engagement with the teeth of
a ratchet* in the form of a ratchet rack.
| | (1)
Note. The term "ratchet rack" is defined in
the definition of ratchet. | |
| | |
| 307.2 | By cooperating toothed members (e.g., gear, segment, rack,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein the irregular increments of carriage* movement
are caused by drive means that includes at least two components,
each of which is formed with notches or teeth, the notches of one
component intermeshing with the notches of the other so that movement
of one component is transmitted to the other component.
| | (1)
Note. Included in this subclass are drive means having gears
or differential gears, or gear and rack. or gear segment and gear,
in many arrangements of such components. | |
| | |
| 308 | Carriage backspace mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved in a direction opposite to the typing (i.e., character-space*)
direction that enables the character* symbols to be imprinted in
succession, and wherein the movement in said opposite direction
is regulated to occur in increments corresponding to character-space distances
but in the direction opposite to the character-space direction.
| | (1)
Note. The backspace increments may be regular (i.e., corresponding
to equal character-space distances), or the backspace increments
may be irregular or unequal or variable (i.e., corresponding to
variable character-space distances, mechanism for which is found
in subclass 303). | |
| | |
| 309 | Backspace proportional to variable width of imprinted characters: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved in irregular or unequal increments, the increment of movement
for any particular movement corresponding to a variable character-space* distance
equivalent to the various widths of the character* symbols
that were imprinted on the record-medium* just prior to the
need for backspacing.
| | (1)
Note. See the definition of character-space in the Glossary,
section III, for a discussion of the need for variable carriage
feed. This discussion is amplified in (1) Note to the definition
of subclass 306. In the typewriter of this subclass the backspace
distance is the same amount, but in the opposite direction, as the
variable character feed, and is for the purpose of returning the
carriage to exactly the same print-point* that the carriage
was before a particular character was imprinted. | |
| | |
| 310 | Including powered drive means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved by way of energy supplied to the typewriter by other than
the typist.
| | (1)
Note. The typewriter of this subclass is powered by such
energy as an electric motor, a solenoid, a continuously rotated power
roll the power of which is intermittently applied, etc. | |
| | |
| 311 | Including pawl and escapement wheel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved by the actuation of a key* element that moves
a pawl* that interengages with one of the teeth of a toothed
wheel to drive the carriage in a backspace direction. |
| | |
| 312 | Including pawl and escapement rack: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved by the actuation of a key* element that moves
a pawl* that interengages with one of the teeth of a ratchet* rack
to drive the carriage in a backspace direction. |
| | |
| 313 | Carriage-return mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved in a direction opposite to the typing (i.e., character-space*)
direction that enables the character* symbols to be imprinted in
succession, and wherein the movement in said opposite direction
is regulated to retrogress the carriage back to the beginning of
a print-line*.
| | (1)
Note. The carriage is usually returned until it is stopped
by a margin* regulator or margin-stop* element.
In some typewriters the carriage return may be modified to stop
at a preset position to permit the first character of a new print-line
to be indented from the margin*. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for carriage return in a flat-platen* typewriter. |
|
| | |
| 314 | With concurrent line-spacing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Subject matter wherein the record-medium* is moved
in a line-space* direction during approximately the same
time that the carriage* is returned to the beginning of
a print-line*.
| | (1)
Note. The line-spacing movement may occur at the beginning
or at the end or during the carriage-return movement. | |
| | |
| 314.2 | For selected number of line-spaces: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Subject matter wherein the record-medium* is moved
in a predetermined number of line-space* increments during
the carriage-return movement, and wherein the predetermined number
may be changed at the will of the typist. |
| | |
| 314.3 | With disconnection of return by margin-stop: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to disablement
of the mechanism that returns the carriage* when the carriage
engages the margin* regulator that is located at the beginning
of a print-line*, wherein the carriage-feed drive may regain
control of the carriage movement.
| | (1)
Note. The term "margin regulator" is defined
in the definition of subclass 342. | |
| | |
| 314.5 | Initiated by actuator adjacent key-board: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to starting
return of the carriage* by movement by a typist of a key* element
on or near the key-board*.
| | (1)
Note. In most manually powered typewriters, the carriage
return is by way of a lever adjacent to the platen*. The
typewriter of this subclass is usually electrically powered, and
pressing of a key initiates the return. | |
| | |
| 314.6 | By return-clutch means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Subject matter wherein the carriage* return is powered
by way of a clutch mechanism that is provided in the typewriter
especially for carriage-return purposes.
| | (1)
Note. A "clutch" is a mechanism for intermittently
connecting a rotating driving shaft to a driven shaft by way of faces
that are connected, one face to each shaft, and intermittently connected
to one another. | |
| | |
| 315 | Responsive to carriage position: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Subject matter wherein the carriage* return is initiated
as a result of the carriage having moved in the character-space* direction
to a predetermined location relative to the typewriter.
| | (1)
Note. The typewriter of this subclass is usually electrically
powered. | |
| | |
| 316 | Partial return (e.g., for start of paragraph, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a return
of the carriage* to a position short of the normal or usual
return to a margin* of the page*.
| | (1)
Note. The partial return is usually to a position where a
new paragraph will be started at a location on the record-medium* that
is indented from the margin of the text. | |
| | |
| 317.1 | For bidirectional drive: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is moved in
its return movement and in its feed movement by way of energy applied
to the mechanism other than energy supplied by the typist. |
| | |
| 317.2 | By spring-driven motor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Subject matter wherein the carriage is moved in its return
movement by way of energy that is stored in a resilient or yieldable
component connected to a drive train that moves the carriage.
| | (1)
Note. The power for winding the spring to store energy that
will subsequently be used during typing to return the carriage whenever
so desired by the typist maybe supplied by an electric motor or
may be supplied by the user of the typewriter. Disclosures of this
form of spring energy are properly classified herein because the
energy is stored and not applied by the typist at the time of carriage
return. | |
| | |
| 317.3 | Powered via engagement of a clutch: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is moved in
its return movement by way of energy that is applied by way of a
clutch connection.
| | (1)
Note. A "clutch" is a mechanism for intermittently
connecting a rotating driving shaft to a driven shaft by way of faces
that are connected, one face to each shaft, and intermittently connected
to one another. | |
| | |
| 319 | Carriage-feed mechanism (e.g., escapement, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused or
enabled to be moved in a direction that enables the character* symbols
to be imprinted in succession (i.e., the character-space* direction),
and wherein the movement in said direction is regulated to occur
in regular or equal increments of movement, each increment corresponding
to a character-space distance or a word-space* distance. |
| | |
| 320 | For carriage on which a type-head-carrier is mounted: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein the carriage* supports a type-head-carrier* for
movement of both the carriage and the type-head-carrier in said
direction that enables the character* symbols to be imprinted
in succession (i.e., the character-space* direction).
| | (1)
Note. As discussed in the Glossary, section III, under the
definition of carriage, in some typewriters the record-medium* is
held by a platen* that is mounted on a "platen
carriage" that is moved in said direction (i.e., the character-space
direction) thereby moving the record-medium for character-space
and word-space* distances. |
| |
In the typewriter of this subclass the record-medium does
not move during the imprinting of characters symbols. Instead the
type-face* elements are impacted against a record-medium
at a different print-point* for each character. The type-face
elements are on a type-head* that is mounted on a type-head-carrier
that is supported on a "type-head carriage" that
moves relative to the stationary record-medium, thereby moving the
successively impacted type-faces for character-space and word-space
distances. | |
| | |
| 320.1 | With concurrent movement of carriage for record-medium
and carriage for type-head-carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with two
carriage* mechanisms, one of which carriage (i.e., a "platen
carriage") supports a platen that holds a record-medium* for
movement of both the platen and the record-medium in a character-space* direction
and the other of which carriage (i.e., a "type-head* carriage") supports
a type-head-carrier* for movement of both the type-head
carriage and the type-head-carrier in a character-space direction.
| | (1)
Note. As discussed in the Glossary, section III, under the
definition of carriage, usually the direction of carriage feed for a
platen carriage is from right to left, whereas the direction of
carriage feed for a type-head carriage is from left to right (but
note the note exceptions discussed in that definition). | |
| | |
| 321 | With repeat spacing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is urged to
be moved in successive increments of movement (the increments corresponding
to character-space* distances) a plurality of said increments
occurring upon the pressing of one key* element on the
key-board*.
| | (1)
Note. The typewriter of this subclass is usually one that
is electrically powered, thus enabling repeat spacing with one pressing
of a space key or space-bar*. | |
| | |
| 322 | By electric or magnetic power: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein the movement of the carriage* is
caused by electricity or magnetism.
| | (1)
Note. The electricity is supplied to an electric motor or
to an electromagnet (e.g., a solenoid) which effects carriage-feed
movements to the carriage. Also included in this subclass is a
typewriter wherein a spring motor is assisted by an auxiliary electric
motor. | |
| | |
| 323 | Carriage-feed in two directions (e.g., continuous typing
in both directions): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is urged in
a first direction and the movement in said first direction is regulated
as defined in subclass 319, and wherein said carriage is alternately
urged in a second direction that is opposite to said first direction
and the movement in said second direction is also regulated as defined
in subclass 319.
| | (1)
Note. A "print-line*" is usually
formed by imprinting successive characters* in the order
in which they are read. However, some typewriters are capable of imprinting
successive characters in reverse order, that is, the first character imprinted
is the last character of the print-line, the second character imprinted
is the next-to-last character of the print-line, etc. In the typewriter
of this subclass the first print-line may be imprinted in regular
order and the second print-line may be imprinted in reverse order,
the text being imprinted alternately from left to right, and then from
right to left in "continuous" typing action. | |
| | |
| 323.1 | In selected direction (e.g., for semitic language, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter wherein one of said first or second directions
is chosen for the primary or significant direction of carriage* movement.
| | (1)
Note. The purpose of this mode of operation is to imprint
successive character* symbols in a character-space* direction that
is opposite to that which is used in the usual typewriter. In most
typewriters, characters are imprinted from left to right to conform
to most European languages, therefore a platen carriage that moves
the record-medium* effects movement of the platen carriage
from right to left whereas a type-head carriage that moves a type-head-carrier
effects movement of the type-head carriage from left to right.
Certain Semitic languages, e.g., Arabic and Hebrew, are written
from right to left, therefore in the typewriter of this subclass,
the carriage movement feed direction is selectively changed to be
reversed from the directions referred to above. | |
| | |
| 325 | By space-bar mechanism (e.g., separate connection to escapement),
or paragraph-indentation key: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
actuation of a carriage*-feeding movement as a result of
pressing a space-bar*-key* element, or wherein
significance is attributed to the actuation of a carriage-feeding movement
that moves the carriage a distance equivalent to a plurality of
character-space* increments as a result of pressing a single
key element.
| | (1)
Note. The distance referred to is that needed to start a
new paragraph in a text wherein the first letter of a paragraph
is indented from the margin* of the body of the text. | |
| | |
| 326 | With compensator for tilt of typewriter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to mechanism
that counterbalances the force of gravity acting on a carriage* when
the typewriter is inclined to the horizontal.
| | (1)
Note. A typewriter is usually operated while it is in a horizontal
position. The carriage therefore moves horizontally, and the weight
of its mass does not affect its movement. However, if the typewriter is
tilted and its carriage is moved along a line that is inclined to
the horizontal, the weight of the carriage will affect its movement.
Disclosures in this subclass provided for means to compensate for the
weight of the carriage due to tilting of the typewriter. | |
| | |
| 327 | For diagonal print-line: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a mode
of operating a typewriter whereby successively imprinted character* symbols
form a print-line* that is inclined relative to the top
or bottom edge of a rectangular sheet.
| | (1)
Note. The diagonal print-line is usually formed by concurrently
feeding the carriage* and feeding the record-medium* between
successive imprints of characters. | |
| | |
| 328 | By force-feed or screw mechanism (e.g., direct drive, screw-biasing
carriage, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved in a carriage-feed (i.e., character-space*) direction
by a mechanism that positively engages the carriage or a portion
affixed thereto and that positively moves in said direction to thereby
move the carriage therewith, or wherein the carriage is caused to
be moved in said direction by a helically threaded element that
is rotated and cooperates with another complementary element on
the carriage to move the carriage.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass the carriage may be moved by a spring
that is biased or tensioned by a screw, or the carriage may be moved
by a pawl* engaging and moving a ratchet* wheel. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 305, | for force feed in a variable-feed carriage mechanism. |
|
| | |
| 328.1 | Including pawl and toothed rack: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved by a pawl* that engages in a notch between two
teeth of a ratchet* rack, which rack is connected to the
carriage to cause movement of the carriage when the pawl moves while
in engagement with the rack.
| | (1)
Note. The term "rack" as used in this definition
is discussed under the definitions of pawl and ratchet in the Glossary, section
III. | |
| | |
| 329 | Carriage escapement controlled by pawl: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is urged by
a source of power to be moved in a direction for imprinting successive
character* symbols on the record-medium* (e.g.,
a character-space* direction), and the movement in said direction
is regulated by a mechanism that (a) restrains the carriage against
movement, and (b) releases the carriage momentarily to be urged
to move, and (c) again restrains the carriage against movement,
which mechanism includes a member or members having movement relative
to the carriage or to a portion connected thereto, the relative
movement between the member(s) and carriage effecting the restraint
and momentary release of the carriage to produce the increments
of movement corresponding to character-space and word-space* distances.
| | (1)
Note. The regulating mechanism defined above is usually a
pawl* and ratchet* mechanism as these members are
defined in the Glossary, section III. |
| | (2)
Note. Movement of the carriage during carriage feed is related
to movement of the type-face* element to the print-point* for
impressing the type-face against the record-medium*. These movements
occur in various terms applied in the typewriter art. In all the sequences
a typist initiates the operation by pressing a key* element
which causes movement of a type-face (e.g., a type-face on a type-bar*,
a type-face on a type-head*, etc.) from its rest position.
In "full-drop" escapement the sequence is (a)
the type-face is impressed at the print-point, (b) the carriage
starts its movement through a full character-space distance, and
(c) the carriage completes a character-space and stops. In a "half-drop" escapement
the sequence is (a) the carriage starts its movement but stops momentarily
approximately halfway in a character-space, (b) the type-face is impressed
at the print-point, and (c) the carriage continues its movement
through the remainder of the character-space. In "speed" escapement
(also known as "reverse" escapement) the sequence
is (a) the carriage starts its movement through a full character-space
distance, (b) the carriage completes a character-space and stops,
and (c) the type-face is impressed at the print-point. In all the sequences
the type-face is returned to its rest position and the key* is
also returned to its rest position. The differences between the
various sequences are primarily in the time available to enable a
type-bar (which carries the type-face element) to move from rest
position to print-point position and back to rest position (a) as
related to the time available for a next-actuated type-bar to perform
the same movements without interference from the previously actuated
type-bar, and (b) as related to the time available to move the carriage through
a carriage space. | |
| | |
| 329.1 | Means to ensure engagement of pawl at start of print-line
(i.e., overbanking control): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to structure
that will positively cause a pawl* of the regulating mechanism
to contact the carriage* or a portion (e.g., a ratchet*)
connected thereto whenever the carriage has been properly positioned
at the beginning of the print-line* (i.e., in most typewriters
at the left margin* or the print-point* proper
for the imprint of the first character* symbol of a print-line). |
| | |
| 329.2 | Carriage-feed initiated and completed during depression
of character key (e.g., "speed" or "reverse" escapement): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter wherein a key* element that is used
to cause imprint of a character* symbol is pressed, the
pressing of said key element initiating (a) the movement of a type-face* from
its rest position to the print-point*, and (b) the movement
of the carriage* through a character-space* distance,
and wherein the movement of the carriage is started and completed
through a complete character-space before the type-face impacts
the print-point.
| | (1)
Note. The differences between "full-drop" escapement, "half-drop" escapement,
and "speed" or "reverse" escapement
are discussed in (2) Note to the definition of subclass 329 above. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 330.2, | for "half-drop" escapement and
see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 329.3 | Pawl rocker spring regulating device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter wherein a pawl* is supported by a
component, which component is mounted for oscillation relative to
a carriage-rack* or to a ratchet* disc or wheel
and is urged into engagement with the teeth or notches of the carriage-rack
or the ratchet disc by a yieldable element, and wherein the force
with the yieldable element urges the component is adjustable. |
| | |
| 330 | Via ratchet wheel connected to pinion and carriage-rack: |
| | The regulating mechanism includes (a) a carriage-rack* affixed
to the carriage*, and (b) a rotatable gear having teeth
that are engaged with teeth or notches in the carriage-rack, and (c)
a ratchet* that is in the form of a rotatable disc or wheel
and is joined to the rotatable gear, and (d) a pawl* that
cooperates with the ratchet, the assemblage of parts cooperating
to effect the restraint and momentary release of the carriage. |
| | |
| 330.1 | And plural pawls: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter wherein the regulating mechanism includes
more than one pawl* member.
| | (1)
Note. Usually two pawls are provided, one of the pawls disengaging
from between two adjacent teeth of a ratchet* momentarily,
and the other of the pawls holding the ratchet against movement
in excess of one increment. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 332.1, | for escapement mechanism having plural pawls and
one or more ratchet racks. |
|
| | |
| 330.2 | For half-drop escapement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 330.1. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to an
action of the pawl* and ratchet* mechanism that
restrains, momentarily releases, and again restrains the movement
of said carriage* to produce a "half-drop" escapement.
| | (1)
Note. The term half-drop escapement is discussed in (2) Note
to subclass 329 above, wherein the action of various forms of carriage
escapement (including "speed" escapement) is discussed
and compared. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 329.2, | for "speed" escapement and see
(1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 330.3 | Mounted on pivotable pawl carrier or rocker: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 330.1. Subject matter wherein said pawl* members are supported
by a component, which component is mounted for oscillation relative
to said ratchet* disc or wheel to enable one or another of
the pawls to engage one or another of the teeth or notches of the
ratchet disc or wheel, whereby the disc or wheel, and thereby the
carriage*, is alternately restrained against movement,
released for movement, and restrained against movement. |
| | |
| 330.4 | Including pawl(s) fixed to rocker: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 330.3. Subject matter wherein one or more of said pawl* members
are integral with or fixedly secured to said component.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes some typewriters wherein the
component or rocker includes fixed offset pawls. | |
| | |
| 330.5 | And slidable pawl: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 330.4. Subject matter wherein at least one of said pawl* members
is mounted for rectilinear movement relative to said oscillatable
component. |
| | |
| 330.7 | Mounted on movable (e.g., rotatable, slidable) pawl carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 330.1. Subject matter wherein said pawl* members are supported
by a component, which component is mounted for movement relative
to said ratchet* disc or wheel to enable one or another of
the pawls to engage one or another of the teeth or notches of the
ratchet disc or wheel, whereby the disc or wheel, and thereby the
carriage*, is alternately restrained against movement,
released for movement, and restrained against movement.
| | (1)
Note. The movement of the component or pawl carrier may be
reciprocation or rotation. | |
| | |
| 331.2 | Including cushioned escapement support (e.g., rocker, pawl
buffer, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
construction of the support for the pawl* member or of
the component on which the pawl is oscillatable, or of the ratchet* wheel
with which the pawl cooperates, which construction is characterized
in that it is provided with yieldable or resilient means.
| | (1)
Note. The support absorbs excess movement or the force or
shock of movement of the carriage* or its driving or escapement
mechanism. | |
| | |
| 332 | Via toothed rack: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter wherein the regulating mechanism includes
(a) a ratchet* that is in the form of a bar having teeth
or notches along one of its sides, and (b) a pawl* that
cooperates with the ratchet, the assemblage of parts cooperating
to effect the restraint and momentary release of the carriage*.
| | (1)
Note. In a "platen-carriage" typewriter (see
the discussion of platen carriage in the definition of carriage
in the Glossary, section III), the ratchet is usually a carriage-rack*.
In a "type-head carriage" typewriter (see the
discussion of type-head* carriage in the Glossary, section III)
the ratchet [defined in (a) above] is usually
fixed to the frame of the typewriter. | |
| | |
| 332.1 | And plural pawls: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter wherein the regulating mechanism includes
more than one pawl* member.
| | (1)
Note. Usually two pawls are provided, one of the pawls disengaging
from between two adjacent teeth of a carriage-rack* momentarily,
and the other of the pawls holding the carriage-rack against movement
in excess of one increment. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 330.1, | for escapement mechanism having plural pawls and
one or more ratchet* wheels. |
|
| | |
| 332.2 | Mounted on pivotable pawl carrier or rocker: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 332.1. Subject matter wherein said pawl* members are supported
by a component, which component is mounted for oscillation relative
to a carriage-rack* to enable one or another of the pawls
to engage one of the teeth or notches of the carriage-rack, whereby
the carriage* is alternately restrained against movement, released
for movement, and restrained against movement. |
| | |
| 332.3 | Mounted on movable (e.g., rotatable, slidable) pawl carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 332.1. Subject matter wherein said pawl* members are supported
by a component, which component is mounted for movement relative
to said ratchet* bar to enable one or another of the pawls
to engage one or another of the teeth or notches of the ratchet
bar, whereby the ratchet bar, and thereby the carriage*,
is alternately restrained against movement, released for movement,
and restrained against movement.
| | (1)
Note. The movement of the component or pawl carrier may be
reciprocation or rotation. | |
| | |
| 333 | Universal-bar or actuator therefor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
universal-bar* in the drive train of the carriage-feed
mechanism or of any other mechanism of the typewriter, or to a means
for moving the universal-bar.
| | (1)
Note. Included in this subclass is a typewriter wherein the
universal-bar is actuated by a key* lever. | |
| | |
| 333.1 | Connected to actuator for another function: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein the universal-bar* is part
of the drive train for a function* of the typewriter in
addition to the carriage*-feed function.
| | (1)
Note. The term "carriage feed" is defined
in the definition of subclass 319. The other function mentioned
above may be the vibrator* for the ink*-ribbon* feed,
or the ink-ribbon feed itself. | |
| | |
| 333.2 | Adjustable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to means
for varying the relationship of the universal-bar* to the
drive train of which it is a part. |
| | |
| 334 | Carriage-feed-release mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is moved and
the movement is controlled by a movement-regulating mechanism that
engages the carriage or a portion affixed thereto, which mechanism
may be temporarily disconnected from the carriage to enable unregulated
movement of the carriage.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for a disclosure wherein the
carriage may be disengaged from a carriage-feed spring which, per
se, is provided for in subclass 336. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 553, | for a line-space* actuator that also has an
effect on the carriage-feed release. |
|
| | |
| 334.1 | By disengagement of clutch between ratchet wheel and pinion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the regulating mechanism that enables
carriage feed includes a rotatable gear having teeth with teeth
or notches in a carriage-rack* and a ratchet* in
the form of a rotatable disc or wheel that is joined to the rotatable
gear, and also includes a clutch that connects the gear to the disc
wheel, and wherein significance is attributed to means for disconnecting
the clutch to disconnect the gear from the disc or wheel. |
| | |
| 334.2 | By disengagement of escapement pawl(s): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the regulating mechanism that enables
carriage feed includes a pawl* or pawl members that engage
with teeth or notches in a carriage-rack*, and wherein
significance is attributed to means for disconnecting the pawl or
pawls from the carriage-rack to enable temporary unregulated movement
of the carriage*. |
| | |
| 334.3 | From carriage-rack: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 334.2. Subject matter wherein the means for temporarily disconnecting
the pawl* or pawl members from the carriage-rack* acts
by moving the carriage-rack away from the pawl or pawl members. |
| | |
| 336 | Spring-biasing carriage for feed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a yieldable
element that urges the carriage* of a typewriter to be
moved in a carriage-feed (i.e., character-space*) direction, the
movement being regulated by a mechanism previously provided for
in this schedule. |
| | |
| 336.1 | Torsion spring in rotatable barrel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein said yieldable element is in the
form of an elongated member wound in a plurality of spiral convolutions
housed within a hollow drum, one end of the member being fixed to
the drum to effect rotation of the drum when the yieldable element
is tensioned. |
| | |
| 337 | Carriage-retarder mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused to
be moved in either a character-space* direction or in a
direction opposite to said character-space direction, and the movement
in either of said directions in controlled to slow or decelerate
said movement or to maintain a uniform rate of movement whereby
acceleration is controlled. |
| | |
| 338.1 | Using centrifugal force: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Subject matter wherein the regulator utilized the tendency
of a mass that is rotating about an axis to be impelled away from
that axis by the rotation, the action of the regulator being to control
the velocity of the carriage. |
| | |
| 339 | Using fluid or fluent-material retarder: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Subject matter wherein said movement of the carriage* is
controlled by a regulator that utilizes the movement of a flowable
substance as a means to control the velocity of the carriage.
| | (1)
Note. The flowable substance used includes a gas, a liquid,
or a fluent material such as sand or small particles in a device
sometimes termed a "dashpot" or similar structure. | |
| | |
| 340 | Using frictional retarder (e.g., strap, disc, drum, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Subject matter wherein said movement of the carriage* is
controlled by a regulator that utilizes the motion of two surfaces
in close contact with each other, and the consequent resistance
to such motion due to the close contact, as a means to control the
velocity of the carriage.
| | (1)
Note. Among the various structures used as friction retarder
or friction brake means are: a drum, a disc, a helically wrapped
spring, a strap, etc., any of which cooperate with a surface moving relatively
thereto for causing a frictional retarding force to be generated. | |
| | |
| 341 | Carriage-buffer stop or rebound control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a regulator
that is located at the end of travel of a carriage* and
controls the stopping of the carriage when the carriage reaches
the end of its travel, or inhibits a tendency for the carriage to
bounce or retract from its stopping position when it reaches the
end of its travel. |
| | |
| 342 | Margin-regulator (e.g., adjustable margin-stop) mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter wherein the carriage* is caused or
enabled to be moved in either a character-space* direction
or an opposite direction, and wherein significance is attributed
to a margin-stop* for controlling the movement of the carriage
in either of said directions by stopping the carriage at a preset
point, which point is adjustable relative to the typewriter, and
which point corresponds to either the left margin* or the right
margin of the record-medium* that is being typed on.
| | (1)
Note. In most typewriters the right-hand margin regulator
(i.e., of a typewriter that imprints successive character* symbols
from left to right) is usually combined with a mechanism to prevent further
typing on the print-line*, although the preventing mechanism
may be disengaged at the will of the typist to enable imprinting
of several additional characters on the same print-line. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 671+, | for a lock responsive to the end of a type print-line. |
|
| | |
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CLASS 400,