Gearings for conveying rotary motion

Combination of gearings

General details of gearings

Control of gearings

Subclass F16H for gearings is a function oriented place. Gearings or transmissions comprising general applicable inventions or intended for different applications are classified in this subclass. Specially adapted gearings for a particular purpose should be classified in the related subclass for the application. Some examples where these gearings will be classified when specially adapted or for a particular purpose could be find in the list of references below.

The use of the available Indexing Codes in this subclass is mandatory and should be assigned for additional information to facilitate searching. However, please note that the classifications in the Indexing Codes of this subclass are only complete after January 2014. Also note that the Indexing Codes under F16H 2700/00 are no longer used for classifying new documents

Transmission layout for gearing with fixed ratio and using gears with teeth

Using only gears with teeth.

Belts drives, chain drives, rope drives with a fixed ratio, and tensioning mechanisms and guiding means used in such systems and ways or tools to mount the belt or chain or rope on the pulley or sprocket.

Only transmission layout of belt or chain or rope drives for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion.

Transmission layout of transmission where a belt is axially squeezed between two sheaves of at least on one pulley.

Transmission layout of transmissions where rotary motion is transferred with a fixed ratio by the friction of the surfaces of members where the surfaces are pressed to each other; systems to keep the cylindrical members in contact such that rotary motion can be transferred.

Transmission layout of transmissions where rotary motion is transferred with a variable ratio by the friction of the surfaces of members where the surfaces are pressed to each other.

Only transmission layout of conveying rotary motion with a continuously variable ratio by friction between rotary members that are not using flexible endless members and where the rotary members are not in planetary motion, examples of this group are toroidal transmission or friction ring transmissions.

Gearings for converting limited rotary movement, e.g. oscillation, into an other rotary movement or a limited rotary movement into reciprocating movement or vice versa in particular by using flexible means, or rack and pinion mechanisms.

Gearings for converting reciprocating movement into another reciprocating movement by flexible means.

Mechanisms conveying limited rotary motion by a flexible member

Example:

Mechanisms converting reciprocating movements by a flexible member.

Example:

Gearings similar to screw-nut mechanisms, however there is friction instead of a thread.

Example:

Rotation of shaft 22 results in an axial movement of the carrier 24.

Mechanisms where the output movement is half or double compared with the movement of the input.

Example:

Mechanisms where the differential effect by using at least one drum or pulley with different diameters is creating the reciprocating movement.

Example:

Example:

Mechanisms where the on-winding and off-winding on a drum create axial movement parallel to the drum.

Example:

Mechanisms where oscillating movement is converted into reciprocating movement perpendicular to the axis of oscillation or vice versa, e.g. by on-winding and off-winding a flexible member on a drum or pulley.

Example:

Mechanisms where oscillating movement is converted by on-winding and off-winding of a flexible member on a drum into reciprocating movement perpendicular to the axis of oscillation.

Example:

Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion, whereby the gearings are for interconverting rotary (or oscillating) motion and reciprocating motion and comprise an endless flexible member, the flexible member being a non-buckling chain.

Example:

Example:

Example:

Example:

Example:

Example:

Example:

Example:

Example:

Example:

Crank gearings.

Guiding mechanisms, e.g. for straight line guidance, using links or levers.

Gearings for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions by links or levers, e.g. toggle mechanisms.

Gearings with movement in three dimension comprising primarily links and levers.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

Gearings using rotating wobble plates or discs for converting rotary movement into a reciprocating movement of a gear member.

This group and subgroup F16H 25/2204 are only given if the subject-matter of the cooperating parts, e.g. the circulating balls are of particular interest representing the invention information. If the ball screw device is just an additional feature invention classification is given in group F16H 25/20.

In this group, classification of additional information as follows is mandatory:

Gearings for conveying continuous rotary motion into a rotary output motion by using intermittently-driving members or with freewheel action

Gearings for converting oscillating, i.e. non continuous rotary input, or reciprocating movement with freewheeling members or other intermittently-driving members into another movement, e.g. a step by step movement.

Groups for functional features not otherwise provided for in this subclass

Combination of toothed and continuous variable friction gearings where the two gearings are arranged in series. The toothed gearing is arranged before or after the CVT (no power split).

The idle gear for reversing is replaced by a gear with an endless flexible member, e.g. a chain transmission to establish the reverse ratio. In general no CVTs.

Combination of gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts.

Gearings comprising essential combinations with other gearing mechanism where not only an additional gearing element like lever, link or cam is added to the basic gearing.

Systems wherein the pressure of a gas or a liquid is increased in a pump and this pressure is used to drive a piston pump and piston motor.

Constructions of hydrodynamic torque converters: systems wherein the kinetic energy of a fluid is increased in a pump and this kinetic energy is used to drive a turbine.

Systems wherein the pressure or the kinetic energy of the fluid is not substantially constant during one cycle because the pump or the motor has for example only one cylinder.

The combination of a fluid gearing such as a hydrodynamic torque converter for example with claw couplings or friction clutches for example to lock up the torque converter or to uncouple the torque converter from the engine or the transmission

Control means for shifting of combinations of mechanical and fluid gearing are also included in this group and subgroups (no reorganisation had been performed in group F16H 47/00 related to subjects of F16H 61/00)

When classifying in this group, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in all appropriate places. Gears having orbital motion for change speed gearing are classified in F16H 3/44.

Combinations of several interconnected differential sets, for example a combination of a right-and-left differential with a center differential (such a relationship as between "center differential unit 14" and "front differential unit 12" in the figure below: EP 1527933 A2)

Differentials having cams, for example, in between the two output members as seen in the figure below (EP 1167824 A2: "Output rotary members 12B, 13B" are output members and "cam groove 31 and balls 15" comprise the cam mechanism).

Those differentials that divide one input into two outputs without using planet gears but by using two linked clutches (see "clutches 21, 25" in the figure below: US 2003/0051935 A1).

Differentials, the differential action of which is suppressed by utilizing the function of fluid viscosity, etc. such as, for example, viscous clutches (see the figure below: US5458547A)

Differentials, the differential action of which is suppressed by fluid pressure that is generated, for example, by internal pumps actuated by the difference of rotation numbers between two outputs (see the figures below: US6238315B1)

Differentials, the differential action of which is suppressed in response to a difference in torque that is generated between two outputs.

Differentials, the differential action of which is suppressed by, for example, meshing reaction forces of helical gears that are arranged in parallel axes, by way of the said helical gears being pushed against the casing of the differentials (see the figure below: EP2050985A2)

Differentials, the differential action of which is suppressed by, for example, meshing reaction forces of helical gears or worms that are arranged in orthogonal axes, by way of the said helical gears or worms being pushed against the casing of the differentials (see the figure below: US5098356A)

Differentials, in which the engaging power of a pilot clutch is amplified by using a cam, for example, and thereby, to have a main clutch engaged (see "pilot clutch 33","cam mechanism 35" and "main clutch 39" in the figure below: US 6436002 B1)

Differentials, the differential action of which is suppressed by, for example, fluidic actuators that are controllable from outside of the differential (see the figure below: EP0456560A2)

Those differentials that are intentionally made to have different rotation numbers between two outputs for the purpose of improving the turning performance or controlling the yaw motion of vehicles (see the figure below: US5456641A)

Those differentials that are characterised by such component parts as gear wheels, casings, washers, shafts, bearings or carriers

Casings that accommodate the differential mechanism internally and are rotated by the power from the input shaft (see number 120 in the sample figures below: US 2008/0229878 A1)

Gearings or mechanisms not otherwise provided for:

Levers for gearing mechanisms.

This group is merely used because the particular levers are normally classified with the mechanism they are used for

Cams, camshafts or cam followers

Wheels having constructively simple tooth shapes, e.g. pins or balls, are additionally classified in F16H 55/10.

The use of material is additionally classified in F16H 55/06. In particular, moulded gears are additionally classified in F16H 2055/065.

Looping references between F16H 55/17 and F16H 55/22 have been identified. Until this inconsistency is resolved in IPC, the current classification practice in CPC is as defined in the Limiting references sections of the definitions.

Means for taking up backlash at worm wheels are classified in F16H 55/24.

Means for taking up backlash at racks are classified in F16H 55/28.

Worm gears or worm wheels with means for taking up backlash.

Means for supporting gearboxes or attaching them to other devices in order to prevent the casing from being moved due to reaction forces or torques produced by the gearing, e.g. torque arms (see the figure below).

Lubrication or cooling of gearings

For classification in subgroups of F16H 57/04, if there is no particular application place for the type of gearing in the subgroups of F16H 57/048, a classification outside F16H 57/048 should be given, e.g. in case of wobble plate gears F16H 23/00.

Documents published before January 2009 are not fully reclassified into the subgroups of this scheme. Therefore documents in group F16H 57/04 may disclose aspects which should be classified in one of the subgroups.

Documents published before January 2009 disclosing multiple aspects of different subgroups might be classified in only one of these groups.

Filter devices.

Magnets for collecting metallic debris.

Cooling of transmission, their elements (e.g. gears, casings) or cooling of the lubricant.

The term "air cooling or ventilation" shall include transmission elements and/or lubricants cooled by heat exchange with ambient air, e.g. ventilated air cooling of CVT belts, guidance of lubricant through air cooled tubes or air cooled parts of the casing, cooling fins inside or outside the casing.

The term "heat exchangers" shall include lubricant cooled or heated by heat exchange with another fluid, e.g. with water, oil or exhaust gas.

All kind of lubrication pumps or special means to produce flow of lubrication. Further lubrication control units or valves to supply the transmission with lubricant.

The term "gearbox section" means a section containing gearing elements like gear, belts, chains or clutches. A section comprising only shaft support bearings is not considered as a different gearbox section.

This classification should not be allocated to documents which merely disclose a splash lubrication. The lubricant level of any splash lubrication sump depends on the rotational speed of the splashing element, but, if a document does not explicitly disclose the problem of "level control", classification should be given only in group F16H 57/0457 for "splash lubrication".

F16H 57/0447 shall also not be allocated to documents dealing with "providing a correct fill level". These are classified in F16H 57/0408 "exchange or filling of transmission lubricant". However, "sensors or indicators for controlling the fluid level should be classified in F16H 57/0449.

Group F16H 57/045 "lubricant storage recervoir" is essentially given for "additional recervoirs". It shall not be given for the mere existance of a gear sump. However, documents dealing with "oil pans" shall be given F16H 57/0452 and dealing with "section walls to divide gear sump" shall be given F16H 57/0453.

The term "gearbox sections" in F16H 57/0445 "supply of different gearbox sections" shall mean sections which contain gearing elements, e.g. gears, belts, chains or clutches. For bearing lubrication F16H 57/0471 should be given.

Splash lubrication, e.g. by gearing elements plunging into an oil bath

In case of controlled cooling or heating classification should also be given in group F16H 57/0413

According the multiple classification rule in this main group an invention-classification should be given for the type of the gearing. If there is no particular place in subgroups of F16H 57/048 at least an additional classification should be given for the type of the gearing, e.g. for wobble plate gearings F16H 23/00.

The input values represent in most cases only additional information. Only if the measuring device or the method for measuring of the value forms an essential part of the invention it is classified as 'Invention information'.

In groups F16H 59/00-F16H 63/00, clutches positioned within a gearbox are considered as comprising part of the gearings.

When classifying in groups F16H 59/00-F16H 63/00, control inputs or types of gearing which are considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information", e.g. selected from subgroup F16H 61/66 relating to the type of gearing controlled or from group F16H 59/00 relating to control inputs.

Former IPC notes 5 and 6 are not applied in this scheme

Additional classification should be also given in the codes of F16H.

Subject matter which is not fully covered by other subgroups of this main group (see appropriate codes):

Gearings where braking is achieved by simultaneous engagement of different gear ratios, in fact gear locking which can be smooth when one friction coupling or brake is involved. Sometimes also used instead of a parking lock.

Methods for generating shift signals

Control circuits classified according their essential kind of signals

Circuits where gearshift control is essential controlled by electric means or circuits are classified in F16H 61/0202. This group includes electro hydraulic circuits using different solenoids.

Circuits where gearshift control is essentially controlled by fluid signals are classified in F16H 61/0262. A control with a single solenoid for a sub function, e.g. kick down, is not considered as an electro hydraulic control in the sense of F16H 61/0202.

Circuits where gearshift control is essentially controlled by mechanical forces, e.g. by using centrifugal or gear forces, are classified in F16H 61/0293.

See codes for particular shift transitions, e.g. swap shift, jump shift, particular gear sequences, preventing gear butting, suppressing engine flare, low or high torque shifts.

F16H 61/04 and subgroup F16H 61/0437 are the groups for the more general aspects of gear shifting, because there is no proper IPC place for gear shifting per se, i.e. the gear smooth effect is not an essential feature. If there is pressure control between an releasing friction element and an applied friction element the document is classified in F16H 61/06 or in subgroup F16H 61/061 if there is any electronic control involved.

Control of fluid pressure for off-going or on-coming gear friction devices for shift transition from former ration to new target ratio.

If there is electronic control involved the document is classified in subgroup F16H 61/061. See codes for fill parameters and for calibration of pressure levels.

Timing control during shift transition.

Some timing control is always performed during shifting. Therefore only documents showing special inventive features related to timing control are classified in this group.

Timing of auxiliary gear shifts F16H 2061/085.

In group F16H 61/16 the emphasis is the condition and not an unintentional control input by the driver. A device for preventing unintended movements of shift lever, e.g. the shift from fifth gear into reverse is classified in F16H 61/18. A device where the reverse gear is blocked because the vehicle speed is too high would be classified in F16H 61/16.

Locking of a control device with exception of final output mechanisms. Input means, e.g. locking of range lever in the 'Park' position.

The generation or transmission of movements comprising essentially the selector apparatus, is classified in group F16H 59/00.

The generation or transmission of movements, when part of the final output mechanisms, is classified in group F16H 63/00.

Fluid actuators.

Servo actuators for power assisted shifting.

Control of actuators.

Servo actuators for power assisted shifting.

Actuators for range selection.

Control of actuators.

The features of this group represent in most cases not an inventive concept. Therefore this group was not systematically allocated to shift linkages with two mechanisms. Group is not complete.

This subgroup is also given as a multiple classification or as additional information.

Devices for removing trapped air in hydrostatic circuits, e.g. breathers therefor

Mechanical linkages between manually actuated levers or pedals and shifting means

Mechanical linkages between manually actuated levers or pedals and shifting means.

Control of multiple pumps or motors having no specific entry in the following lower subgroups.

Circuits comprising pumps or motors mounted on same shaft.

Devices for switching between a series connection and a parallel connection of pumps and motors.

Devices for controlling the balance of torques or speeds between several motors or pumps.

Only control of mechanical continuously variable gearings, e.g. for gearings using endless flexible members or friction gearings.

Control only of continuously variable gearings using endless flexible members

The indented subgroups F16H 61/66227, F16H 61/66231 and F16H 61/6625 are divided according parameters, but groups F16H 61/66254, F16H 61/66272 and F16H 2061/66295 should take precedence.

F16H 61/66227 - transmission ratio control is exclusively depending on speed and torque.

F16H 61/66231 - transmission ratio control is exclusively depending on speed.

F16H 61/6625 - transmission ratio control is exclusively depending on torque.

Transmission ratio control is exclusively depending on speed and torque parameters, i.e. the combinations of what is covered in groups F16H 61/66231 and F16H 61/6625, see the examples given there (controlling of shifting = control of transmission ratio).

Transmission ratio control is exclusively depending on speed, see the examples in the subgroups (controlling of shifting = control of transmission ratio).

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group: FR2683288 - Please mind the higher group title: shifting exclusively as a function of speed (controlling of shifting = control of transmission ratio).

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group: EP0489999 - Please mind the higher group title: shifting exclusively as a function of speed (controlling of shifting = control of transmission ratio).

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group: DE3118165 - Please mind the higher group title: shifting exclusively as a function of speed (controlling of shifting = control of transmission ratio)

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group: DE19633274

Please do not confuse this group with group for torque sensors: the presence of a torque sensor does not necessarily imply the exclusive control (i.e. also shift-control) as a function of torque. Most torque sensors serve to give a signal for clamping force control, therefore torque sensors or use thereof is mostly classified in F16H 61/66272. For mechanical shift actuators see group F16H 63/067. Controlling of shifting = control of transmission ratio.

This group contains the exclusive control as a function of torque. If other input parameters are used, the subject matter should not be classified here.

Control of shifting, see the examples in the subgroups.

Control of transmission ratio based NOT exclusively on one input parameter; if based on speed see F16H 61/66231, exclusively on torque see F16H 61/6625, or a combination of exclusively speed and torque see F16H 61/66227.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group: US2008312030 -

controlling of shifting = control of transmission ratio.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group:

US5378200 - controlling of shifting = control of transmission ratio

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group:

GB1096469 - controlling of shifting = control of transmission ratio.

Control of pinch or clamping force/Klemmkraft (by means of e.g. "secondary" pressure control, or torque sensor).

Control of SLIP (since inversely related to pinch force).But no momentary change of ratio.

Also includes the control concerning compensation of centrifugal pressure (i.e. the "extra" secondary pressure that results from the centrifugal effect on the (oil in the) actuator (cylinder) exerting the clamping force: NB constructions to achieve this can be found in F16H 55/56 also).

Geometrical relationships; Illustrative example:

WO2010074563

For specific pulley/disk geometrical properties, see also F16H 55/56;

For geometrical relationships between pulley sets, see F16H 9/16, F16H 9/18

Only control of friction gearing

The indented subgroups F16H 61/6645, F16H 61/6646 and F16H 61/6647 are divided according parameters, but groups F16H 61/6648 and F16H 61/6649 should take precedence.

F16H 61/6645 - transmission ratio control is exclusively depending on speed and torque.

F16H 61/6646 - transmission ratio control is exclusively depending on speed.

F16H 61/6647 - transmission ratio control is exclusively depending on torque.

Transmission ratio control exclusively depending on speed and torque, see combinations of what is classified in F16H 61/6646 and F16H 61/6647, see the examples given there; controlling of shifting = control of transmission ratio.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group:

JP58124855 - controlling of shifting = control of transmission ratio

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group:

GB924485 - controlling of shifting = control of transmission ratio

Control of transmission ratio not based on one of: exclusively on speed (see F16H 61/6646), exclusively torque (see F16H 61/6647), or a combination of exclusively speed and torque (see F16H 61/6645).

Illustrative example: US2003135315

The classification of groups F16H 61/58 - F16H 61/686 was based on a former IPC indexing scheme and is therefore not complete. Since 2010 the classification is given when the control is specially adapted to a particular type of gearing. Only group symbols F16H 61/688 (double clutch transmissions) and F16H 61/70 (change speed gearings in group arrangements) where systematically given for transmissions controls.

Control of transmissions with different gear trains in series, e.g. a main gear combined with an auxiliary range gear