​

CPC Definition - Subclass A44B

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Last Updated Version: 2025.01
A44B
BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE (fastenings specially adapted for footwear A43C)
Definition statement

This place covers:

The following fasteners or their essential parts:

  • Buttons;
  • Pins;
  • Buckles or strap fasteners that are actuated or operated directly by hand and intended to releasably connect either (1) the ends of a single web or strap, or (2) the ends of two or more webs or straps together (e.g. safety belt buckles);
  • Slide fasteners;
  • "Other types" of fasteners that are actuated or operated directly by hand and frequently utilized or associated with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery (e.g. snap fasteners, collar-studs). Appropriate 'other types' of fasteners must also be readily reusable and their normal securing or releasing operation not destructive or damaging to either the fastener itself or the structure it secures.

Making slide fasteners, touch-and-close fasteners (e.g. hook-and-loop or barb-and-pile fabrics) and other fasteners of this subclass.

Accessories or ancillary devices for the fasteners of this subclass when they are used exclusively with one of the varieties of fasteners (e.g. button cards) or have their operations either influencing or being influenced by the operation of the fastener (e.g. slide fastener pulling cords).

The following additional devices associated with either the fasteners of this class or accoutrements, garments, and haberdashery:

  • key rings;
  • clamping or holding devices; and
  • mock-fastening devices that merely look like the fasteners, or one of their essential parts, of this subclass but do not function as fasteners (e.g. ornamental buttons on coats, fake zippers on clothing).

Note

The only "other types" of fasteners appropriate for this subclass are those that are capable of use with or actually used with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery. Therefore, it must be either a commonly known practice to use a particular type of fastener with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery (e.g., snap fasteners) or the patent documents for a particular type of fastener must frequently disclose their use with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery. However, it is not required that all, or even the majority, of the fasteners covered by a particular category of fastener be specially adapted for use, or disclose their intended use, with accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery.

Relationships with other classification places

General relationship of A44B with F16B

Fasteners per se that either (a) require a tool for completing their normal fastening (e.g. screws, nails, stitches) or (b) are destroyed or destructively deformed to fasten or unfasten (e.g. staples, rivets) are excluded from A44B.

However, when F16B types of fasteners or other tool driven or deformed fasteners are used to mount fasteners or fastener components appropriate for A44B, and are attached to or cooperate with at least one of their components, they are properly classified within A44B as an additional feature of the fasteners with which they are utilized.

General relationship of A44B with subclasses for accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery.

Fasteners appropriately classified within A44B are often broadly claimed or disclosed in combination with the structure they secure or fasten. If the detail of the structure they secure or fasten specifies only the portion of the structure (e.g. dress belt tip or holes) necessary for either completing the fastening operation or mounting the fastening means, the combinations are proper for A44B.

If the details of the accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery being secured are more than that needed to complete the fastening operation or mount the fastener, then the combination is appropriate for the accoutrements, garments, or haberdashery subclasses (e.g. A41D, A41F).

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Fastening devices specially adapted for specific types of garments

A41F

Buttonholes or eyelets for buttonholes

A41F 1/02

Corset fasteners

A41F 1/04

Glove fasteners

A41F 1/06

Garter fasteners

A41F 1/08

Belts, girdles or waistbands for trousers or skirts

A41F 9/00

Thumbtacks

B43M 15/00

Devices for fastening or securing constructional elements or machine parts together

F16B

Hand-manipulated hooks or eyes (e.g. swivel hook for dog leash)

F16B 45/00

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Places covering apparatus or methods for making, or for positioning on the structure being fastened, fasteners or components of fasteners appropriate for this subclass

Appliances or methods for marking-out, perforating, or making buttonholes

A41H 25/00

Appliances or methods for setting fasteners on garments

A41H 37/00

Processing sheet metal, tubes or profiles to make haberdashery

B21D 53/46

Processing sheet metal, tubes or profiles to make buttons

B21D 53/48

Processing sheet metal, tubes or profiles to make metal slide fasteners parts

B21D 53/50

Wire-working to produce devices for fastening (e.g. slide fastener elements, buttons)

B21F 45/16

Pressure or injection die casting of slide fasteners and slide fastener parts

B22D 17/16

Producing slide fastener elements from plastic or other substances in a plastic state

B29D 5/00

Producing buttons or semi-finished button parts from plastic or other substances in a plastic state

B29D 19/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

For garments in general

A41D

For protective aprons having fastening devices

A41D 13/04

For neckties having fastening or holding devices associated with the knot or collar

A41D 25/00

For hats having fastening devices

A42B 1/00

For head covering fastening means other than hatpins

A42B 7/00

For laces in general and for footwear having fastening devices

A43C

For machines, tools, equipment or methods for setting fasteners on footwear

A43D 100/00

For brooches or clips having decorative or ornamental aspects

A44C 1/00

For medals or badges having pin fastening devices

A44C 3/00

For hair-holding devices

A45D 8/00

For work bench type holding clamps

B25B 5/00

For paper clips or like paper fasteners for temporarily attaching sheets together

B42F 1/02

For elements specially adapted for fastening, fixing or finishing upholstery

B68G 7/12

For sewing apparatus or machines with mechanism for lateral movement of the needle or the work or both for making ornamental pattern seams, for sewing buttonholes, for reinforcing openings or for fastening articles (e.g. buttons) by sewing

D05B 3/00

For sewing needles

D05B 85/00

For hand operated latches or bolts for doors or windows (e.g. door hooks)

E05C

Special rules of classification

This subclass covers buckles, hook-and-loop or slide fasteners whether used as haberdashery (i.e. for clothing) or otherwise only if there's no other class for the specific application.

Please note that there are also additional symbols in A44D other than the ones relating to Indexing Code mirror.

For classification of additional functions or features the non-Mirror Indexing Code symbols of A44D should be used.

Decorative mock-fastening devices that do not function as fasteners (e.g. ornamental buttons on coats, fake zippers on clothing), but that look like the fasteners or one of their essential parts covered by A44B, are classified within the main groups of this subclass that provide for the fasteners they are intended to resemble.

Reference A43C is non-limiting in the subclass A43B. CPC will be corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Button

A hand manipulated fastener that includes a rigid or semirigid portion (i.e. button) which is attached (e.g. sewn) to the structure it is intended to fasten or secure (e.g. clothing) in a manner that allows its reorientation by either movement about its attachment or movement of the structure it secures. A button is intended to be used with a complementary opening having a flaccid portion (e.g. buttonholes, looped cords) that forms the second essential part of the fastener.

Buckle

A hand manipulated fastener including engaging or holding means and structure for guiding during fastening, which can selectively hold a cooperating strap or belt that is either the structure secured (e.g. end of a dress belt) or a second portion of the fastener (e.g. securing strap of a backpack flap).

Pin

A hand manipulated fastener that includes both (1) a portion specifically shaped (e.g. pointed) to facilitate impaling of and penetration into the structure fastened or secured and (2) a remaining portion (e.g. head) intended to be manually pushed on that does not penetrate the structure fastened or secured.

Slide fastener

A hand manipulated fastener that includes (1) two, opposed, elongated, configured surfaces that are each attached by mounting means to a secured structure and are intended to directly contact and interlock with each other when fastened and (2) a sliding device that is much shorter in length than the surfaces and which travels along their length to forcibly shift them into or out of interlocking engagement

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • "slide fastener" and "zipper"
  • "cufflink" and "sleeve-link"
Buttons
Definition statement

This place covers:

Buttons, and variations including, for example, buttons containing perfume or buttons with further safety means avoiding unbuttoning.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group:

1.

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References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Brooches with a safety pin fastening

A44B 9/16

Setting on garments

A41H 37/10

Setting on footwear

A43D 100/08

Brooches in their decorative aspect

A44C 1/00

Badges

A44C 3/001

Processing sheet metal, tubes or profiles to make buttons

B21D 53/48

Producing buttons or semi-finished parts of buttons from plastic or other substances in a plastic state

B29D 19/00

Special machines for making cotton buttons

D05C 7/12

Special rules of classification

In American English "button" is used for "badge". The correct group for badges is A44C 3/001.

For removable buttons that look like badges but are used as a fastener, classify in A44B 1/18 and in A44C 3/001.

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Button

A knob or stud of metal or other material sewn or fixed by a shank or neck to articles of dress, usually for the purpose of fastening one part of the dress to another by passing through a button-hole, but often merely for ornament.

Badge

Any distinctive device, emblem, or mark worn to indicate a person's affiliation, rank, office, name, etc., or membership of an organization or support for a cause; also a small piece of metal, card, plastic, etc., bearing a distinguishing design or words and often worn purely for ornament.

characterised by their material
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Ornamental buttons
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Badges

A44C 3/001

Special rules of classification

In American English "Button" is used for "Badge", correct class for Badges is A44C 3/001.

For removable buttons that look like badges but are used as a fastener, class in A44B 1/18 and in A44C 3/001.

Assembling of buttons (covering by braiding D04D)
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Constructional characteristics
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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washable
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Laundry button protectors

D06F 95/008

Special rules of classification

Classification is done here only if the document specifically mentions constructional characteristics in the context of promoting the washing or laundry ability.

covered by fabric
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{with a removable fabric covering}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{Manufacture not otherwise provided for}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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with replaceable {or protective} coverings {(removable fabric coverings A44B 1/123; sleeve-links concealing a sewed-on button A44B 5/007)}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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adapted for special ways of fastening
Definition statement

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Removable buttons that look like badges but are used as a fastener.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Badges

A44C 3/001

Special rules of classification

In American English "Button" is used for "Badge", correct class for Badges is A44C 3/001.

For removable buttons that look like badges but are used as a fastener, class in A44B 1/18 and in A44C 3/001.

If they fasten through a safety pin, it should also be classed in A44B 9/16.

{with quick, thread-like, anchoring means avoiding the use of a separate needle and thread}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Thread-like

Filiform, used as an alternative to textile threads.

attached by thread visible to the front {(A44B 1/185 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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attached by thread not visible to the front {(A44B 1/185 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Eye-buttons
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Capitoné furniture upholstery buttons

B68G 7/08, A47C 31/026

with resilient shank
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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with shank and counterpiece
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Screw-buttons
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Shank inserted into counterpiece and locked by sliding or rotating
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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with snap-action counterpiece
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Special rules of classification

Difference between buttons fixed to material, i.e. textile, with snap-action counterpiece A44B 1/34 and snap-fasteners A44B 17/00 is that the snap-fastener fastens two pieces of material, i.e. textile, by snap-fastening; while the button is fixed to one piece of material, i.e. textile by snap-fastening but does not use snap fastening to fasten two pieces of material, i.e. textile.

with counterpiece in the form of cotter, split-pin, or the like
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Clamping by spring action
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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with helical wire-shank screwed into material
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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with deformable prongs
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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with deformable counterpiece
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Collar-studs
Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Collar-stud

A stud used to fasten a collar to a shirt

completely rigid
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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with head tiltable as a whole
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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with head formed as two tiltable flaps
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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with head and base separable
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Sleeve-links
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Sleeve-link

A link used for fastening the loose sides of a wristband or cuff, esp. the cuff of a shirt-sleeve.

{with head tiltable as a whole}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{formed as two tiltable flaps}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{concealing a sewed-on button (buttons with replaceable coverings A44B 1/14)}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Retainers or tethers for neckties, cravats, neckerchiefs, or the like, e.g. tie-clips, spring clips with attached tie-tethers, woggles, pins with associated sheathing members tetherable to clothing (tie-pins A44B 9/08; decorative or ornamental aspects A44C)
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Cards for buttons, collar-studs, or sleeve-links
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Packaging, articles attached to webs

B65D 73/02

Simple pins
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Ordinary pins
Definition statement

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Pin for general purpose without specific use.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Hat-pins (other fastening means for head coverings A42B 7/00)
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Tie-pins (pins with associated sheathing members tetherable to clothing A44B 6/00)
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Safety devices
Definition statement

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Safety devices for pins classified as simple pins.

Also includes safety devices which do not cover the tip.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Ordinary safety-pins
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Brooches; Breast-pins
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Buttons for fastening

A44B 1/00

Brooches in their decorative aspect

A44C 1/00

Badges

A44C 3/001

Special rules of classification

Comprises brooches with a safety pin fastening. For brooches in their decorative aspect class in A44C 1/00.

Safety pins also to be found in button & badges fastenings A44B 1/18, A44C 3/001.

In American English "Button" is used for "Badge", correct class for Badges is A44C 3/001.

For removable buttons that look like badges but are used as a fastener, class in A44B 1/18 and in A44C 3/001.

If they fasten through a safety pin, it should also be classed in A44B 9/16.

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • "brooch" and "breast pin"
Hinges; Locking devices
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Attaching heads of glass or the like to pin shafts
Definition statement

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Methods for attaching heads of glass or the like to pin shafts. May also comprise machines for attaching if it is not the main subject of the invention

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Buckles; Similar fasteners for interconnecting straps or the like, e.g. for safety belts
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group:

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References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Dogs collars couplings

A01K 27/005

Buckles to reduce size in caps / hats

A42B 1/22

Buckles to reduce size in helmets

A42B 3/145

Magnetic coupling in handbags, accessories

A45C 13/1069

Hangers for hanging articles

A47F 5/0006

Supports, holders for household use

A47G 29/00

Tourniquets

A61B 17/1327

Buckles for goggles/lenses

A61F 9/027

Swimming fins

A63B 31/11

Swimming goggles

A63B 33/008

Hand-tools for fastening wire or strip

B25B 25/00

Sheet fastening

B42F 1/00

Tighteners for securing of load on vehicles

B60P 7/0823

Securing luggage on cycle carriers

B62J 7/08

Diving masks

B63C 2011/128

Ratchet type straps (for bundling or identification), that cannot be opened

E05B 75/00, G09F 3/03, B65B 13/027, B65D 63/1072, F16L 3/2334

Carabiner hooks

F16B 45/02

Cord stoppers (buckle for every round strap)

F16G 11/10, F16G 11/12

Chain coupling, swivels

F16G 15/08

Means for preventing, limiting movements of parts of a control mechanism by a locking member

G05G 5/18

Special rules of classification

This subclass covers buckles whether used as haberdashery (i.e. for clothing) or otherwise only if there's no other class for the specific application.

{Attachment of buckle to strap (for safety buckles A44B 11/2553)}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{extensible}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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frictionally engaging surface of straps
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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without movable parts
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{with strap tightening means (A44B 11/125 takes precedence; tighteners for securing of load on vehicles B60P 7/0823; buckles attached to the end of a strap for bundling articles B65D 63/16)}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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roller displaceable in wedge-shaped slot
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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sliding wedge
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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turnable clamp
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{with strap tightening means}
Definition statement

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Strap tightening means incorporated in buckles which frictionally engage the surface of straps using turnable clamps.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Tighteners for securing of load on vehicles

B60P 7/0823

Securing luggage straps

B62J 7/08

Special rules of classification

This subclass covers buckles frictionally engaging surface of straps with a turnable clamp and strap tightening means whether used as haberdashery (i.e. for clothing) or otherwise only if there's no other class for the specific application.

with snap-action
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Strap held by spring action
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Strap held by threading through linked rings
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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engaging holes or the like in strap
Definition statement

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Buckles or similar fasteners which engage holes or recesses or projections formed in the strap.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Dogs collars

A01K 27/00

Buckles to reduce size in caps / hats

A42B 1/22

Buckles to reduce size in helmets

A42B 3/145

Buckles for goggles/lenses (A. Espuch is stock manager)

A61F 9/025

Straps, buckles, attachment of headbands in goggles

A61F 9/027

Breathing masks

A62B 18/00

Swimming fins

A63B 31/11

Swimming goggles

A63B 33/002

Swimming goggles with means covering the nostrils

B63C 11/12

Diving masks

B63C 11/12

Ratchet type straps (for bundling or identification), that cannot be opened

E05B 75/00 (Handcuffs), G09F 3/03, G07C 9/20, B65B 13/027, B65D 63/1072, F16L 3/2334

Special rules of classification

For straps locking head gear, forward to A42B 3/145 or A42B 1/22.

Buckle with fixed prong
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{fixed on a movable element}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{with cover plate}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Buckle with movable prong
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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with two or more separable parts
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{Safety buckles (safety belts in vehicles B60R 22/00; safety belts for aircraft B64D 25/02)}
Special rules of classification

Usually in metallic material.

Comprises safety buckles used in safety belts for vehicles or aircraft.

Does not comprise the safety belts for vehicles or aircraft.

{actuated by a push-button}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{acting perpendicularly to the main plane of the buckle, e.g. placed on the front face of the buckle}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{with two buttons acting in opposite directions}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{acting parallel to the main plane of the buckle and in the same direction as the fastening action}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{with an operating lever}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{acting in the same plane or in a plane parallel to the main plane of the buckle}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{with the sliding motion of the buckle providing the opening or closing action}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{with a pivoting bar retaining a loop of the strap itself}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{actuated by a rotatable element, e.g. combined with other actuating means}
Definition statement

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Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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References
Limiting references

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Winding devices for storing or regulating straps

B65H 75/34

{Details}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Bulletproof vest

F41H 1/02

Special rules of classification

Single action to release simultaneously multiple buckles are in F41H 1/02, in (gc180811 and A44B) and also some in A44B 11/266.

{Fastening of other buckle elements to the main buckle (buckles with several tongues released by the same mechanism A44B 11/2507 - A44B 11/2542)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Three-point seat belt anchoring for children

B60R 22/024

{Attachment of buckle to strap}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{with strap length adjustment}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{Tongue elements}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{Illuminated buckles}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media90.jpg

Special rules of classification

If illumination only in the buckle, class in A44B 11/2565

If illumination in the webbing of the belt but no change in the webbing construction, forward to B60Q 3/20

If illumination in the webbing & webbing being constructionally changed, forward to B60Q 3/20 and B60R 22/12

{Safety measures (buckles for releasing in a vehicle emergency B60R 22/32; control, alarm, or interlock systems for the correct application of safety belt buckles in vehicles B60R 22/48)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Illumination in the webbing of the belt

B60Q 3/20

Bulletproof vest

F41H 1/02

Special rules of classification

Single action to release simultaneously multiple buckles are in F41H 1/02, in (gc180811 and A44B) and also some in A44B 11/266.

{Locking means preventing an unauthorised opening, e.g. by children}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric of magnetic means

E05B 47/00

Locks

E05B 65/00

{Buckle covers}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{fastening by superposing one part on top of the other (A44B 11/2503 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{followed by sliding in the main plane of the buckle}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{combined with one buckle element rotating or pivoting}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media95.jpg

{fastening by sliding in the main plane or a plane parallel to the main plane of the buckle (A44B 11/2503, A44B 11/2584 take precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{the movement being transverse to the longitudinal direction of the strap or chain}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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with push-button fastenings {(A44B 11/2507 takes precedence; press-button fasteners A44B 17/00)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Special rules of classification

Usually in plastic material.

{with a push-button acting perpendicularly to the main plane of the buckle}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{with at least one push-button acting parallel to the main plane of the buckle and perpendicularly to the direction of the fastening action}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Bulletproof vest

F41H 1/02

Special rules of classification

Single action to release simultaneously multiple buckles are in F41H 1/02, in (gc180811 and A44B) and also some in A44B 11/266.

with hooks engaging end-pieces on the strap {(A44B 11/2503 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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Hook or eye fasteners
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media102.jpg

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Dogs collars couplings

A01K 27/002

Carabiner hook

F16B 45/02

Special rules of classification

This subclass covers hook or eye fasteners used as haberdashery (i.e. for clothing). For other specific applications see References.

{made of wire}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{made of metal plate}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{made of plastics}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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with spring closure of hook
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media106.jpg

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Dogs collars couplings

A01K 27/002

Carabiner hook

F16B 45/02

Special rules of classification

This subclass covers hook or eye fasteners used as haberdashery (i.e. for clothing). For other specific applications see References.

Key-rings
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{Separable rings}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{Fobs}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Bags/wallets for holding keys

A45C 11/32

Bags/wallets for holding keys, combined with other articles

A45C 11/321

Bags/wallets for holding keys, stored pivotably (when key has head)

A45C 11/324

Fastening keys inside bags

A45C 13/023

Fastening keys with spring reel

A45F 5/004

Fastening keys to garments

A45F 5/1558

Key holders/boards

A47G 29/10

Screwdrivers

B25B 15/00

Hand tools (for disengaging key-rings)

B25B33/10

Multi-hand tool

B25F 1/00

Pockett knives

B26B 11/00

Combination of writing implements with other articles

B43K 29/00

Bottle opener

B67B 7/16

Illuminated devices for locks or keys

E05B 17/10

Keys stored pivotably (when keys don't have head)

E05B 19/043

Dummy/simulated locks

E05B 63/0043

Rope/chain adjustment buckle

F16G 11/14

Light

F21L 4/027, F21V 21/0885, F21V 33/00

Electronically operated keys

G07C 9/00174

Coin holders

G07D 9/002

Coins for coin free mechanism

G07F 1/06

Cart coin free mechanism

G07F 7/0618

Anti-loss alarms

G08B 21/24

Id tags for keys

G09F 3/00

Press-button or snap fasteners
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Joining sheets by rivets

F16B 5/04

Press-fasteners in general

F16B 21/186

Resilient clamping means for holding electric components to structure

H05K 7/12

Special rules of classification

Difference between buttons fixed to material, i.e. textile, with snap-action counterpiece A44B 1/34 and snap-fasteners A44B 17/00 is that the snap-fastener fastens two pieces of material, i.e. textile, by snap-fastening; while the button is fixed to one piece of material, i.e. textile by snap-fastening but does not use snap fastening to fasten two pieces of material, i.e. textile.

{Press-button fasteners in which the elastic retaining action is obtained by a spring working in the plane of the fastener}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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media110.png

{Press-button fasteners consisting of two parts (A44B 17/0029 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{Press-button fasteners consisting of three parts (A44B 17/0029 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media113.jpg

{Press-button fasteners consisting of four parts (A44B 17/0029 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media114.jpg

media115.jpg

Special rules of classification

Comprises press-button fasteners consisting of four parts or more.

Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Method of manufacturing hook-and-loop fasteners for absorbing pads

A61F 13/15756

Hook-and-loop fasteners for absorbing pads, diapers

A61F 13/62

Cleaning, use of a film provided with piles of nanorange to prevent fouling or dust deposits

B08B

Bundling articles with straps

B65B 13/027

Delivering devices

B65H 35/00

Basic microstructures

B81B 2203/00, B81B 3/0005

Manufacturing micro- or nanostructures

B81C

Arrays of nanoscale structures

B81C 1/00031

Nanostructures

B82B 1/00, B82B 3/00

Nanofibers

B82Y 30/00

Adhesive with protrusions

C09J

Adhesive in form of film/foils

C09J 7/00

Joining sheets by hook-and-loop

F16B 5/07

Suction cups for attachment and equivalent means using adhesives

F16B 47/00

Special rules of classification

This subclass covers hook-and-loop fasteners whether used as haberdashery (i.e. for clothing) or otherwise only if there's no other class for the specific application (see Informative References).

This subclass does not cover piles with nanometer dimension (also called "dry adhesive", surface treatment, van de Waals force), it's not a hook-and-loop fastener as there's no counterpart for fastening.

Adhesive in form of film/foils

C09J 7/00

Adhesive with protrusions

C09J

Nanofibers

B82Y 30/00

{in which each part has similar elements}
Special rules of classification

Comprises mixed, hermaphrodite elements.

{Woven or knitted fasteners}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Woven pile fabrics

D03D 27/00

Knitted pile fabrics

D04B 21/04

{Details}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Joining sheets by hook-and-loop fasteners

F16B 5/07

{Adaptations for being fixed to a moulded article during moulding}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Moulding rigid plastic, sealing-off parts of inserts

B29C 33/0044

Fixed in mould by magnetic means

B29C 33/16

Moulding by foaming, avoiding impregnation of a preformed part

B29C 44/1261

Slide fasteners
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Zippers in suitcases

A45C 13/103

Production of slide fasteners, continuous profiled strip

B29D 5/10

Machines placing fasteners on bags

B31B 70/81

Filling of bags, packaging

B65B 9/20

Application of profiled strips to bags

B65B 61/188

Tamper evident device for packaging

B65D 33/25

For bags, packaging

B65D 33/2508

Locks for suitcases

E05B 65/52

Theft alarm actuated by tampering fastening

G08B 13/06

Status alarms

G08B 21/18

Switches in zippers

H01H 1/00, zippers ( H01H)

Connections in zippers

H01R 4/58, zippers ( H01R)

Special rules of classification

This subclass covers slide fasteners whether used as haberdashery (i.e. for clothing) or otherwise only if there's no other class for the specific application (see Informative References).

Does not comprise slide fasteners for packaging or plastic bags, even when this application is not claimed but it appears in the figures or in the description.

Stringers arranged edge-to-edge when fastened {, e.g. abutting stringers}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media67.png

with substantially rectangular members having interlocking projections and pieces
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media117.png

Stringers arranged side-by-side when fastened, e.g. at least partially superposed stringers
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media118.jpg

Special rules of classification

Comprises hidden teeth.

Interlocking member in the shape of a continuous helix
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Production of slide fasteners, continuous helix

B29D 5/06

Interlocking member having uniform section throughout the length of the stringer {(for sacks or bags B65D 33/2508)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Production of slide fasteners, continuous profiled strip

B29D 5/10

Machines placing fasteners on bags

B31B 70/81

Filling of bags, packaging

B65B 9/20

Application of profiled strips to bags

B65B 61/188

For bags, packaging

B65D 33/2508

Special rules of classification

Does not comprise slide fasteners for packaging or plastic bags, even when this application is not claimed but it appears in the figures or in the description.

Details
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Zippers in suitcases

A45C 13/103

Tamper evident device for packaging

B65D 33/25

Locks for suitcases

E05B 65/52

Theft alarm actuated by tampering fastening

G08B 13/06

Status alarms

G08B 21/18

Switches in zippers

H01H 1/00, zippers ( H01H)

Connections in zippers

H01R 4/58, zippers ( H01R)

{for slide fasteners with edges of stringers having uniform section throughout the length thereof (for sacks or bags B65D 33/2508)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Production of slide fasteners, continuous profiled strip

B29D 5/10

Machines placing fasteners on bags

B31B 70/81

Filling of bags, packaging

B65B 9/20

Application of profiled strips to bags

B65B 61/188

For bags, packaging

B65D 33/2508

Special rules of classification

Does not comprise slide fasteners for packaging or plastic bags, even when this application is not claimed but it appears in the figures or in the description.

constructed to be removable from at least one stringer {; Sliders with movable parts to permit releasing of the slider in the event of jamming or obstruction}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media119.png

with means for locking in position
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media120.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Zippers in suitcases

A45C 13/103

Locks for suitcases

E05B 65/52

Means for making slide fasteners gas or watertight
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Tamper evident device for packaging

B65D 33/25

For bags, packaging

B65D 33/2508

Means for permanently uniting the stringers at the end; Means for stopping movement of slider at the end
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Production of slide fasteners, continuous profiled strip

B29D 5/10

Machines placing fasteners on bags

B31B 70/81

Application of profiled strips to bags

B65B 61/188

For bags, packaging

B65D 33/2508

Means at the end of stringer by which the slider can be freed from one stringer, e.g. stringers can be completely separated from each other
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{"Two-way" or "double-acting" separable slide fasteners}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

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{Separable slide fasteners with quick opening devices}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media123.png

Relationships with other classification places

media124.png

{Top end stop means for quick opening slide fasteners}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media125.png

{Connection of separate interlocking members}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Machines and feeders for fitting together or separating metal parts

B23P 19/001

{Connection of one-piece interlocking members}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Production of slide fasteners, continuous profiled strip

B29D 5/10

Filling of bags, packaging

B65B 9/20

Application of profiled strips to bags

B65B 61/188

Making by processes not fully provided for in one other class, e.g. B21D 53/50, B21F 45/18, B22D 17/16, B29D 5/00 {(attaching closure devices, e.g. slide fasteners, to bags B31B 70/813; making package opening by applying or incorporating profile strips, e.g. for reclosable bags B65B 61/188)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Methods of stamping metal to manufacture teeth, only from metal sheets

B21D 53/50

Machines and feeders for fitting together or separating metal parts

B23P 19/001

Production of slide fasteners, continuous profiled strip

B29D 5/10

Machines placing fasteners on bags, packaging

B31B 70/81

Filling of bags, packaging

B65B 9/20

Application of profiled strips to bags

B65B 61/188

Securing metal interlocking members to ready-made stringer tapes (making metal slide fastener parts combined with attaching B21D 53/52)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Making metal fastener parts combined with attaching, only from metal sheets

B21D 53/52

Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media126.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Fixing of plants to supports, e.g. using clips

A01G 9/128

Clamps for shoes drawn tight by laces

A43C 7/08

Credit card holders

A45C 11/182

Fastening articles to the garment

A45F 5/02

Show stands, hangers shelves

A47F 7/00

Means for holding napkins to clothes

A47G 21/165

Hangers with clamps

A47G 25/48

Clamps for holding towels

A47K 10/14

Fastening means for diapers/absorbent articles

A61F 13/5622

Baby-comforters

A61J 17/001

Clamps for tools, workshop equipment

B25B 5/06

Stationary clamps for paper sheets

B42F 1/006

Drawing pins, thumb-tacks

B43M 15/00

Arrangements for holding or mounting articles in vehicles

B60R 11/00

Clamps for packaging use, i.e. for packaging clothes, for closing a chips bag

B65D 67/02, B65D 33/1675

Clothes pegs with pivoted clamp (for hanging to dry)

D06F 55/02

Tent fastenings

E04H 15/64

Friction grip releasable fastening, pivoting jaws for constructional machines

F16B 2/10

Friction grip releasable fastening, sliding jaws for constructional machines

F16B 2/12

Joining sheets by riveting

F16B 5/04

Hooks with pivoting closing members

F16B 45/02

Clamps for fastening cables or ropes

F16G 11/10

Mounting stands as support for apparatus

F16M 11/00

Internal mounting of support for computer equipment

G06F 1/183

Fastening for a badge label

G09F 3/207

Mounting arrangement of contructional parts

G11B 33/123

Mounting structure of assembly printed circuits with electric components

H05K 3/301

Securing means for mounting electric apparatus

H05K 7/1417

Special rules of classification

This subclass covers clamp fasteners or other holding devices used as haberdashery (i.e. for clothing). For other applications, see Informative References.