CPC Definition - Subclass D21H
This place covers:
Pulp compositions and preparation thereof including after-treatment not covered by subclasses D21B, D21C, D21D: (a) from cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin, (b) from synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material, or (c) non-fibrous material added to the pulp.
Coated paper characterised by: (a) coating material, (b) paper substrate, or (c) comprising more than one coating.
Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper (processes for making continuous lengths of paper D21F 11/00).
Special paper not otherwise provided for, i.e. paper with special properties or applications which are only partially or not at all provided for elsewhere in the classification, e.g. made by multi-step processes. Whenever possible, however, these papers are classified according to the criteria used in the other groups of this subclass.
Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution.
Subclass D21B covers further processes from the wood chips to the pulp, usually mechanical processes.
Subclass D21C covers further processes from the wood chips to the pulp, usually chemical processes.
Subclass D21D covers further mechanical processing of cellulose containing materials after initial pulp preparation to cellulose, and before processing it in paper-making machines.
Subclass D21F covers methods of producing paper.
Subclass D21G covers further treatment of finished paper, e.g. in calendars.
Class B31 covers making paper articles and working paper, where subclass B31B covers boxes, cartons, envelopes or bags, subclass B31C covers wound articles and subclass B31D covers other articles not covered by class B31, as well as subclass B31F covers mechanical working or deformation of paper or cardboard.
Examples of places in relation to which this place is residual:
Making paper articles; Working paper | |
Processes from the wood chips to the pulp, usually chemical processes | |
Mechanical processing of cellulose containing materials after initial pulp preparation to cellulose, and before processing it in paper-making machines | |
Treatment of finished paper, e.g. in calendars |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Self-supporting filtering material | |
Applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general | |
Layered products | |
Printing processes to produce watermarks | |
Printing processes to produce security printing | |
Printing processes to produce particular kinds of wallpapers | |
Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity | |
Books, book covers, loose leaves, printed matter | |
Securities; Bank notes | |
Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery | |
Decorative panels | |
Paperhanging | |
Wood grain effects | |
Packaging materials of special type or form | |
Adhesives | |
Adhesives in the form of paper or textile fabric | |
Chemical features in the manufacture of artificial filaments and fibres | |
Non-woven fabrics formed of relatively short fibres | |
Treating fibres with macromolecular compounds | |
Mechanical treatment of fibrous raw materials by dry methods | |
Methods of producing watermarking devices | |
Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper | |
Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper | |
Processes for making continuous lengths of paper | |
Patterned paper prepared on the paper-making machines | |
Coated fibreboard | |
Anti-coiling photographic support | |
Testing valuable papers, e.g. banknotes, for genuineness |
In groups D21H 11/00 - D21H 15/00, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.
In groups D21H 17/01 - D21H 17/63, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a material is classified in the last appropriate place.
In groups D21H 27/30 - D21H 27/42, layered products classified in this group are also classified in subclass B32B.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
binder or binding agent | usually a macromolecular product used to bind the paper-making fibres together in order to give cohesion to the final paper sheet, e.g. starchy materials, latexes, etc. |
coating | layer of material applied to the paper substrate. Although part of this material may penetrate through the substrate, a coated paper is characterised by the presence of said layer on its surface. |
fibres | under paper-making fibres are meant short fibres (maximum length in the range of the mm). Papers also comprising long fibres or filaments are classified in D21H 15/00. |
filler or pigment | usually designating fine particles added to the pulp (very often inorganic materials such as talc, kaolin, silica, calcium carbonate, etc.). |
finished paper | paper after passing to the finishing process, creating a surface characteristic of a sheet created by either on-machine or off-machine papermaking processes. Popular text and cover finishes include smooth, vellum, felt, laid, and linen. |
impregnation | application of a liquid material to a paper substrate wherein the liquid material penetrates substantially the substrate, e.g. by submerging the substrate into a bath containing the liquid material. |
pulp | a dispersion e.g. an aqueous suspension comprising paper-making fibres and optional additives, which is to be processed, and covers the term "paper stock"; it also means dry paper-making fibres which are to be made into paper by either wet or dry processes. |
sizing agent or hydrophobising agent | substances used during paper manufacture to reduce the paper's tendency when dry to absorb liquid, allowing inks and paints to remain on the surface of the paper and to dry there, rather than be absorbed into the paper or agent added in order to increase the hydrophobicity of the paper. |
paper stock | term used to define pulp after mechanical (refining or beating) and/or chemical treatment (sizing, loading, dyeing, etc.) in the paper making process, e.g. the pulp ready to make paper. |
This place does not cover:
Pulp or paper containing any kind of synthetic fibres |
Paper comprising synthetic fibres (possibly up to 100% synthetic fibres) may be used for different purposes. Such paper claimed per se is classified in this group.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filters, particle separators, etc | |
Glass fibres; manufacture of fibres from mineral materials | |
Synthetic fibres | |
Insulating papers; electrical papers | |
Batteries (separators, spacing elements) |
This place covers:
Paper comprising long fibres, filaments, flakes or special fibres, being defined by their configuration (geometry, curled fibres, filaments, etc) or by specific properties (e.g. composite fibres).
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Manufacture/treatment of fibres, filaments, flake from glass, mineral or slags | |
Fibres or filament composition | |
Use of fibres or whiskers characterized by shape | |
Synthetic fibres |
This place covers:
Substances added to the pulp or to the paper by impregnation, characterized by their nature. Macromolecular or non-macromolecular compounds, material of vegetable origin, inorganic materials, etc.
In principle substances to be added by coating are to be found in D21H 19/00, unless both groups are possible.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Other metals (beryllium, magnesium, aluminium, calcium, etc.) | |
Compounds containing metal | |
Particles morphology | |
Physical properties of inorganic compounds | |
Polysaccharides; derivatives thereof (preparations of cellulose, starch, amylose, etc.) | |
Use of inorganic ingredients | |
Use of prepared ingredients | |
Compositions of macromolecular compounds | |
Inorganic materials | |
Coating/impregnating compositions per se | |
Inks | |
Microorganisms or enzymes |
This place covers:
This group covers paper which have been coated (i.e. by means of a coated process per se) as well as the coating material per se.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity | |
Polysaccharides; derivatives thereof (preparations of cellulose, starch, amylose, etc.) | |
Compositions of macromolecular compounds | |
Coating/impregnating compositions per se | |
Inks | |
Coated fibreboard |
Where the coating is characterized by the filler/pigment used:
Other metals (beryllium, magnesium, aluminium, calcium, etc.) | |
Compounds containing metal | |
Particles morphology | |
Physical properties of inorganic compounds | |
Use of inorganic ingredients | |
Use of prepared ingredients | |
Inorganic materials |
This place covers:
In this group the substances added to the paper are classified according to the function (hydrophobic agents, biocidal agents, ignifugeants, agents improving the absorbency of the formed paper, wet-strength agents, etc.) or specific properties (size, geometry, etc.) of the substance.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
As to security paper:
Making microcapsules | |
Watermarking | |
Security printing | |
Printing plates | |
Banknotes, cheques, shares, bonds: | |
Identity card, cheque, etc | |
With moiré effects | |
With security threads | |
Watermarking devices | |
Testing paper currency or valuable paper for genuineness |
Additives defined by length or shape: see references given in D21H 15/00, D21H 17/00, D21H 19/00 regarding the fillers/pigments or other additional materials
Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials | |
Fire extinguishing compositions | |
Organic dyes or closely-related compounds for producing dyes; mordants; lakes | |
Treatment of inorganic materials | |
Fire proof paints | |
Inks | |
Modification of pulp properties | |
Removal of fats, resins, pitch or waxes from the pulp |
This place covers:
Processes for adding a substance to the pulp (D21H 23/04 - D21H 23/20) or to the formed paper (D21H 23/22 - D21H 23/74).
This place covers:
This group is concerned with treatment of the formed/finished paper (e.g. mechanical treatments, chemical treatments, physical treatments, etc.). Coating processes per se do not fall within the scope of this group.
This place covers:
Paper materials for a special use (release paper, tissue paper, packing paper, wallpaper, etc.) or having a multi-ply structure.
Layered products per se are classified in the subclass B32B.
This place does not cover:
Cigarette papers |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Medals or badges | |
Paper filter inlays for filters/strainers for coffee or tea makers | |
Toilet paper; paper towels | |
Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towel, swab or tampon | |
Cosmetic | |
Filter paper (see also informative ref. given for D21H 13/00); made on papermaking machine | |
Embossing | |
Creping | |
Attaching together paper or cardboard sheets | |
By adhesive means | |
Layered products comprising a layer of paper | |
Printed wallpapers | |
Sheets temporarily attached together | |
Decorative sheet/papers | |
Paperhanging | |
Labelling | |
Packing; packaging; containers | |
Paper support for adhesive film / pre-gummed wallpaper | |
Non-woven | |
Multi-ply papers made on papermaking machines | |
On the papermaking machine | |
Anti-coil photographic support | |
Labels, tag ticket | |
Embossed/patterned papers: |