CPC Definition - Subclass C21B
This place covers:
- The production of iron or steel starting from iron ores, e.g. the production of pig-iron;
- The recovery of by-products, e.g. slag from these production methods;
- Apparatus specially adapted therefore, e.g. blast furnaces or air heaters.
General metallurgical processes for obtaining metal from ores, and non-ferrous ores in particular, are treated in C22B.
Details of the apparatus which are of general interest to the group of installations, e.g. shaft furnaces, are also to be classified in F27B or F27D.
C21B 2100/40 concerns the specific purification and reuse of exhaust gases in metallurgical processes, while B01D 2258/025 concerns only the purification process in general of waste gases from metallurgy plants.
This place does not cover:
Preliminary treatment of ferrous ores or scrap |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filters comprising loose filtering material | |
Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D 24/00 - B01D 33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D 24/00 - B01D 33/00 | |
Separating solid materials using liquids or using pneumatic tables or jigs | |
Lift inclined, e.g. serving with blast furnaces | |
Manufacture or shaping of glass, or of mineral or slag wool; Supplementary processes in the manufacture or shaping of glass, or of mineral or slag wool | |
Lime; Magnesia; Slag; Cements; Compositions thereof, e.g. mortars, concrete or like building materials; Artificial stone; Ceramics; Refractories; Treatment of natural stone | |
Destructive distillation of carbonaceous materials for production of gas, coke, tar or similar materials, e.g. coke ovens | |
General processes of reducing to metals | |
Valves | |
Furnaces, kilns, ovens or retorts in general | |
Details or accessories of furnaces, kilns, ovens or retorts in general | |
Details of heat exchange or heat-transfer apparatus, of general application | |
Electric heating |
In the group C21B 2100/22, reforming is based on a reaction with other hydrocarbon containing gases. In the group C21B 2100/24, shift reactions involve steam, water vapor or water.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
pig iron | intermediate product of smelting iron ore with a high-carbon fuel, e.g. coke or charcoal |
slag | partially vitreous by-product of smelting ore to separate the metal fraction from the unwanted fraction |
tuyères | tubes, nozzles or pipes through which air is blown into a furnace |
This place covers:
Processes in which the additives can be added to dry products (e.g. pellets, briquettes), a metal melt or a slag.
The group overlaps with C21B 5/008, C21B 5/02, C21B 5/04, C21B 13/008: depending on whether the additives are generally applicable or related to a specific process either in the Blast Furnace (C21B 5/00) or in Direct Reduction process (C21B 13/00), double or single classification will apply.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Processes or devices for granulating material | |
Manufacture or shaping glass, or of mineral or slag wool; Supplementary processes in the manufacture or shaping of glass, or of mineral or slag wool | |
Lime; Magnesia; Slag; Cements; Compositions thereof, e.g. mortars, concrete or like building materials; Artificial stone; Ceramics; Refractories; Treatment of natural stone |
This place covers:
Cooling covers both dry and wet methods of cooling.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
General arrangements of separating plants | |
Ingredients other than water added to the molten slag; Treatment with gases or gas generating material | |
Handling or treating discharged material in furnaces |
This place covers:
Also the injection of additional (pure) oxygen and additional fuel; automatic control of the process; condition of the cokes or their characterisation; composition and distribution of the charge.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
In case the top gas is treated before being sent back into the furnace, this aspect is also classified : either by the relevant class in another field (specific, e.g. C10K 1/02, dust removal).
This place covers:
Features which relate to the lay-out of the blast furnace area or to repair.
Evacuation and treatment of exhaust gases and the control and regulation of the top pressure.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids | |
Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia or centrifugal forces | |
Separation of gases or vapours; Recovery vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols | |
Centrifuges | |
Apparatus using free vortex flow, e.g. cyclones | |
Purifying or modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide |
Groups C21B 7/002 and C21B 7/005 concern evacuating and treating of exhaust gases from blast furnaces in general. Further classification is mandatory in indexing codes C21B 2100/00 - C21B 2100/80.
This place covers:
Cooling devices for the walls and bottom including staves, plates, pipes, etc; also leakage detection.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cooling of linings of combustion chambers | |
Shaft furnaces with cooling arrangements | |
Linings or walls incorporating cooling arrangements | |
Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein | |
Heat exchange apparatus in which heat exchange media do not come into direct contact | |
Details of heat exchange apparatus of general application |
This place covers:
Runners and their accessories (roofs, heating etc); also equipment for transporting said runners.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Charging or discharging liquid or molten material |
This place covers:
All distribution means different from bell-and-hopper, i.e. including revolving chute.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Open-topped filter housing | |
Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids | |
Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia or centrifugal forces | |
Removal of waste gases or dust from converter | |
Offtakes or separating apparatus for converter waste gases or dust |
This place covers:
Any measuring, controlling or observation devices.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangements of monitoring devices, of indicators, of alarm devices for shaft furnaces | |
Arrangements of controlling devices of furnaces, kilns, ovens or retorts | |
Arrangements of monitoring devices in furnaces, kilns, ovens or retorts | |
Specific investigation or analysing means of materials by determining their chemical or physical properties |
This place covers:
Direct reduction processes obtaining either sponge iron or molten iron or steel.
Inventions which concern the treatment of the reducing gases, the solid reductant, the ores, the reduced iron or the addition of fluxes or the treatment of the ores in a fluidised bed or lead to attainment of molten iron or steel.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chemical or physical processes according to "fluidised-bed" technique | |
General methods of reducing to metals by solid carbonaceous reducing agents | |
General methods of reducing to metals, by gases | |
Fluidised bed furnaces |
This place covers:
Inventions in which different types of installations are used in sequence to arrive either at a solid or a molten product.
This place covers:
Any other processes for the manufacture of iron from iron compounds not covered by other groups in C21B 13/00, e.g. processes involving nuclear energy or a chloride process.
This place does not cover:
Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of iron group metals |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
General methods of reducing to metals |