CPC Definition - Subclass B62D

Last Updated Version: 2024.01
MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS (steering, or guiding on a desired track, of agricultural machines or implements A01B 69/00; wheels, castors, axles, increasing wheel adhesion B60B; vehicle tyres, tyre inflation or tyre changing B60C; connections between vehicles of a train or the like B60D; vehicles for use on rail and road, amphibious or convertible vehicles B60F; suspension arrangements B60G; heating, cooling, ventilating or other air treating devices B60H; windows, windscreens, non-fixed roofs, doors or similar devices, protective coverings for vehicles not in use B60J; propulsion plant arrangements, auxiliary drives, transmissions, controls, instrumentation or dashboards B60K; electric equipment or propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles B60L; power supply for electrically-propelled vehicles B60M; passenger accommodation not otherwise provided for B60N; adaptations for load transportation or to carry special loads or objects B60P; arrangement of signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor, for vehicles in general B60Q; vehicles, vehicle fittings or vehicle parts not otherwise provided for B60R; servicing, cleaning, repairing, supporting, lifting, or manoeuvring, not otherwise provided for, B60S; brake arrangements, brake control systems or parts thereof B60T; air-cushion vehicles B60V; motor-cycles, accessories therefor B62J, B62K; testing of vehicles G01M)
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Fittings for identifying vehicles in case of collision; Fittings for marking or recording collision areas
  • Spare wheel stowing, holding, or mounting arrangements
  • Systematic disassembly of vehicles for recovery of salvageable components, e.g. for recycling
  • Steering of motor vehicles or trailers
  • Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions, e.g. control circuits therefor
  • Steering non-deflectable wheels
  • Steering endless tracks or the like
  • Steering specially adapted for trailers or for vehicles having pivotally connected frames
  • Power-assisted or power-driven steering
  • Steering control means, e.g. steering wheel or levers
  • Steering gears, e.g. means to convert control input motion to final output motion at the wheels
  • Steering linkages; Stub axles or their mountings
  • Understructures; Superstructures; Vehicle bodies
  • Combined superstructures and frame, i.e. monocoque constructions
  • Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles
  • Superstructures for passenger vehicles
  • Connections between superstructure sub-units
  • Understructures, i.e. chassis frames on which vehicle body may be mounted
  • Connections between vehicle body and frame
  • Vehicle bodies characterised by stream lining
  • Stabilising vehicle bodies without suspension arrangements, e.g. by movable masses or by aerodynamic means
  • Motor vehicles or trailers classified according to type; Parts or accessories thereof
  • Endless track vehicles
  • Motor vehicles characterised by the driver not being seated
  • Tractors
  • Tractor trailer combinations; Road trains
  • Motor vehicles or trailers predominantly for carrying passengers, e.g. omnibuses
  • Trailers with driven ground wheels
  • Motor vehicles having other propulsion or ground engaging means than wheels or endless tracks alone or in addition to wheels or endless tracks
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Steering, or guiding on a desired track, of agricultural machines or implements

A01B 69/00

Emergency vehicles, unless the document concerns chassis/bodywork aspects

A62C 27/00

Connections between vehicles;

B60D

Vehicles for use on rail and road, amphibious or convertible vehicles;

B60F

Passenger accommodation not otherwise provided for

B60N

Adaptations for load transportation or to carry special loads or objects

B60P

Vehicles, vehicle fittings or vehicle parts not otherwise provided for

B60R

Air-cushion vehicles

B60V

Locomotives; Motor railcars

B61C

Body details or kinds of railway vehicles

B61D

Hand-propelled vehicles, e.g. hand carts, Sledges

B62B

Motor-cycles, including quad bikes, ATVs;

B62J

Balancing machines supporting a rider; motorised skateboards and the like

B62K

Motorized wheelchairs; personal mobility vehicles

B62K 5/00

Armoured vehicles, unless the document concerns chassis/bodywork/track aspects

F41H

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Vehicle wheels, castors, axles, increasing wheel adhesion;

B60B

Vehicle tyres, tyre inflation or tyre changing;

B60C

Suspension arrangements

B60G

Heating, cooling, ventilating or other air treating devices

B60H

Windows, windscreens, non-fixed roofs, doors or similar devices, protective coverings for vehicles not in use

B60J

Electric equipment or propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles;

B60L

Power supply for electrically-propelled vehicles

B60M

Lighting, signalling

B60Q

Servicing, cleaning, repairing, supporting, lifting, or manoeuvring, not otherwise provided for

B60S

Brake arrangements, brake control systems or parts thereof

B60T

Propulsion plant arrangements, auxiliary drives, transmissions, controls, instrumentation or dashboards

B62K

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Servicing, cleaning, repairing, supporting, lifting, or manoeuvring, not otherwise provided for

B60S

Brake arrangements, brake control systems or parts thereof

B60T

Steering devices applicable only to steerable undercarriages for aircraft

B64C 25/50

Testing of vehicles

G01M

Special rules of classification

The indexing scheme of IPC [5] associated with group B62D 6/00, relating to driving conditions sensed and responded to are not used in CPC.

Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
Definition statement

This place covers:

Means for initiating a change of driving direction of vehicles:

  • External motors for turning the steering wheel; e.g. fixed to or placed on the seat.
  • Remote controllers (man held apparatus) used for steering.
  • Single steering systems added later.
  • System allowing steering with the knee or the like, e.g. specially adapted levers
  • Systems telling the vehicle driver about free parking places.
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Systems for helping the driver to keep the lane

B62D 15/025

Automatic steering system used for parking

B62D 15/027

Aeroplane ground or like engaging elements

B64C 25/32

vehicle-mounted
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Foot steered vehicles.
  • Vehicles running a previously recorded program, also learning or teaching thereoff.
  • Finger-tip steering on sliding switches.
  • (mechanical) systems for blocking the steering wheel in a certain position, e.g. to allow straight driving.
  • Steering by shifting a load or by rotating seats.
  • Steering systems for vehicles with rotating cabins.
  • Steering with reign like handles.
  • Steering by moving the armrest of a seat.
{Adaptations on rotatable parts of the steering wheel for accommodation of switches}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Other electric devices integrated in the steering wheel, e.g. microphones, vibrating means, (pressure) sensors, lamps, information screens.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Combination of airbags with horn switch in steering wheel

B60R 21/2037

Special rules of classification

For the characteristics of the electric devices per se, see the relevant groups for the device as such.

{Non-rotatable hubs, e.g. the central part of the steering wheel not rotating}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Airbag storage within non-rotatable hubs

B60R 21/2032

incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible (padded linings associated with the steering wheel B60R 21/05; shock absorbers using plastic deformation of members in general F16F 7/12)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Padded linings associated with steering wheel

B60R 21/05

Shock absorbers using plastic deformation of members

F16F 7/12

Special rules of classification

References B60R 21/05 and F16F 7/12 are non-limiting in the subgroup B62D 1/11. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

Hand levers
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Hand levers for steering control
  • (Multiple function) joy-sticks
Steering columns
Definition statement

This place covers:

Special features of steering columns; bearing and bearing arrangements therefor

{Means changing the transfer ratio between steering wheel and steering gear}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

By continuous supply of energy

B62D 5/008

Controlling steering depending on driving conditions

B62D 6/00

yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable (padded linings associated with the steering column B60R 21/05)
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Steering columns supported by elastic means.
  • Steering columns being adjustable by the driver, e.g. for a comfortable position.
  • Steering columns movable together with the dashboard, e.g. when dashboard is linked to a front door.
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Padded linings associated with the steering column

B60R 21/05

Special rules of classification

Reference B60R 21/05 is non-limiting in the subgroup B62D 1/18. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

Mechanisms for locking columns at selected positions
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Locking of telescopic systems in general

F16B 7/10

incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible (shock absorbers using plastic deformation of members in general F16F 7/12)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Shock absorbers using plastic deformation in general

F16F 7/12

Special rules of classification

Reference F16F 7/12 is non-limiting in the subgroup B62D 1/19. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency the main is resolved in IPC.

{incorporating devices for preventing ingress of the steering column into the passengers space in case of accident}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Systems of actively moving steering columns in a better position to fire the airbag.

Special rules of classification

Clarification of the definition scope; initially this group involved the movement of the steering wheel for "in case of accident". Modern activation of airbags requires a similar design/motion of the steering column and so such systems are also classified in this group.

not vehicle-mounted
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Special adaptations of automatic tractor steering

A01B 69/008

Devices for lifting, movable on wheels, automatically guided

B66F 9/063

mechanical, e.g. by a non-load-bearing guide (railways B61)
References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Railways

B61

Special rules of classification

Reference B61 is non-limiting in the subgroup B62D 1/26. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

non-mechanical {, e.g. following a line or other known markers}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Steering position indicators

B62D 15/02

Steering aids

B62D 15/025

Parking aids

B62D 15/027

Steering assistants

B62D 15/029

Autonomous road vehicle drive control with determination or calculation of trajectory projection

B60W 60/0027

Control of position or course in two dimensions

G05D 1/43

Steering gears (power assisted or power driven B62D 5/00; steering linkages B62D 7/00; for non-deflectable wheels B62D 11/00; gearing in general F16H)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Mechanical means to convert the steering control input motion, e.g. by a steering wheel, to final output motion at the wheels, e.g. rack and pinion gear or the like.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Power assisted or power driven steering

B62D 5/00

Steering linkages

B62D 7/00

Steering for non-deflectable wheels

B62D 11/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Gearing in general

F16H

Special rules of classification

Reference F16H is non-limiting in the main group B62D 3/00. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC. Power steering is classified in B62D 5/00 only, including its components. B62D 3/00 does not include components for power steering systems.

Power-assisted or power-driven steering (for non-deflectable wheels B62D 11/00; fluid-pressure servomotors in general F15B)
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Supplying power to the steering movement by electric or hydraulic means to reduce steering force at the control input.
  • Changing the transfer ratio between the steering wheel and the steering output movement by variable supply of energy, e.g. by using a superposition gear.
  • Telemotors for steering.
  • Mechanical means or mechanism specially adapted for power assist.
  • Hydraulic means, e.g. valves specially adapted for power assist.
  • Electric means, e.g. motors specially adapted for power assist.
  • Safety devices or back up systems for steering if hydraulic power assist function fails.
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Steering for non-deflectable wheels

B62D 11/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to

B62D 6/00

Fluid pressure servomotors in general

F15B

Special rules of classification

Reference F15B is non-limiting in the main group B62D 5/00. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

{Mechanical components or aspects of steer-by-wire systems, not otherwise provided for in this maingroup}
Definition statement

This place covers:

For example, mechanical steering angle limiters, e.g. catch or block to limit output movement.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Hydraulic steer-by-wire systems

B62D 5/091

{Backup systems, e.g. for manual steering (B62D 5/30 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Means to allow manual steering in case of failure of power assist means
  • Repairing failure by redundant parts
{means for generating torque on steering wheel or input member, e.g. feedback}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Means to "disturb" e.g. by using a brake, the turning of the steering wheel or any input element.
  • Tactile feedback, e.g. vibration on steering wheel or any input element.
{power actuated}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Mechanical aspects of the actuator, e.g. how to impose the force to the driver.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Control aspects, e.g. calculating the feedback force

B62D 6/008

{Changing the transfer ratio between the steering wheel and the steering gear by variable supply of energy, e.g. by using a superposition gear}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Mechanism or control to achieve change of transfer ratio

  • superposition gear
  • electric motor with the stator connected with one part of the steering column and the rotor with the other part of the steering column
Relationships with other classification places

Calculating of desired steering angle to be reached by e.g. a superposition mechanism are classified in B62D 6/002

electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Gearings (or connections) between the power steering motor and the part, which is connected to any part of the steering system, e.g. column or rack.
  • Electric power steering to be mounted additionally to the vehicle, e.g. to change manual steering into power steering.
  • Cooling of electric power steering motor.
  • "Non-rotating" motors, e.g. linear motors.
  • Use of multiple electric motors in one power steering.
  • Wire harness from the battery to the electric power steering.
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Combinations of electric power steering with steering locks (steering column locks)

B60R 25/02

{characterised by constructional features, e.g. common housing for motor and gear box}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Constructional features of the motors or the arrangement thereof, e.g. Double stator and one rotor
  • Interchanging the connections of two windings on a three phase motor to make it turn in the other direction, e.g. for using the same apparatus for right hand drive and left hand drive vehicles.
  • Remote controlled moving brushes of the motor.
  • Using on/off-switches to operate the motor based on steering wheel torque
{Electric motor acting on road wheel carriers}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Single drive for a single wheel, e.g. one right steering motor and one left steering motor.

Combined driving and steering units for industrial trucks.

Relationships with other classification places

Combined driving and steering units for industrial trucks should be also classified in B62D 7/02 and relevant subgroups

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Steering by acting on the suspension system

B62D 7/146

{characterised by clutch means between driving element, e.g. motor, and driven element, e.g. steering column or steering gear}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Mechanical overload clutches for suppressing torque peaks.

"Freewheeling clutches", e.g. operated by the power steering motor or the driver's torque.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Clutches used in steer-by-wire systems to connect the steering wheel to the steered wheel in case of failure, e.g. backup,

B62D 5/003

{Controllable friction clutches (B62D 5/0436 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Rheological fluid clutches in "normal" electric power steering
  • Viscous clutches
  • Clutches controlled by mechanical movement, e.g. pinion "rolling" on rack and by this "leaning" on friction rollers
{Screw drives}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Screw mechanisms in general

F16H 25/20

{characterised by control features of the drive means as such}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Calibrating of electric steering systems as such.

Switching off of electric power steering if not needed, e.g. standstill.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to

B62D 6/00

Determination of steering angle

B62D 15/021

Measuring torque applied to steering wheels

G01L 5/221

Electric motor per se

H02P

{Controlling the motor}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Controlling the motor as such, e.g. a brushless DC-Motor;
  • booster circuits to rise the voltage over the battery voltage;
  • voltage reduction circuits feeding the controller if higher battery voltage feeds the motor.
{for returning the steering wheel to neutral position}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Control of electric power steering motor during the time of returning the steering wheel, e.g. inertia compensation.

{End-of-stroke control}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Blocking of the steered wheel due to catches, stops or curb stone

{for damping vibrations}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Reducing vehicle induced disturbances, e.g. braking, unbalanced wheels, "torque steer", etc

Counterbalancing by an additional motor (which can be the "normal" power steering motor) the reaction forces of a steering angle ratio change mechanism

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Changing the transfer ratio between the steering wheel and the steering gear by variable supply of energy, e.g. by using a superposition gear

B62D 5/008

{for reaction to failures, e.g. limp home}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Recovery from (detected) failures, e.g. fixing or bridging a loose contact.

{detecting motor faults (B62D 5/0496 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Detecting failure of the motor drive means, e.g. in the H-bridge.

{detecting sensor failures}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • - Detecting malfunction of sensors
  • - Includes also failures in the direct treatment of sensor signals, e.g. in a circuit for phase compensation.
Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Sensor

any sensing element or transducer used in or for electric power steering.

characterised by specially adapted means for varying pressurised fluid supply based on need, e.g. on-demand, variable assist
Definition statement

This place covers:

Parametrising of hydraulic power steering systems.

Pumps directly connected with the steering motors, e.g. reversible pump to cylinder.

Controls of the hydraulic fluid supply which adjusts the pressure to facilitate the required pressure demands by the external environment, e.g. when driving on a mountainous road.

Special rules of classification

Control of electric motor driving a pump directly connected with the steering motors (hydraulic gear), see also B62D 5/046 and subgroups.

Supply of pressurised fluid for steering also supplying other consumers {; control thereof}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Supply of pressurized fluid for other consumers and also supplying the steering means

{using priority valves}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Priority valves in general

F15B 13/022

characterised by type of {steering} valve used (valves in general F16K)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Valves in general

F16K

Special rules of classification

Reference F16K is non-limiting in the subgroup B62D 5/08. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

{characterised by means for actively influencing the deflection angle of the valve, e.g. depending on driving parameters}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to

B62D 6/00

Telemotor driven by steering wheel movement (hydraulic steering gear B62D 3/14)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Hydraulic steering gear

B62D 3/14

Special rules of classification

Reference B62D 3/14 is non-limiting in the subgroup B62D 5/093. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

specially adapted for particular type of steering gear or particular application (steering gears per se B62D 3/00; steering linkages not characterised by being power-assisted or power-driven B62D 7/00)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Steering gears per se

B62D 3/00

Steering linkages not characterised by being power-assisted or power-driven

B62D 7/00

Special rules of classification

References B62D 3/00 and B62D 7/00 are non-limiting in the subgroup B62D 5/20. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

for rack-and-pinion type
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Pressure yokes

B62D 3/123

Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits (means for initiating a change in direction B62D 1/00; steering valves B62D 5/06; combined with means for inclining the vehicle body or wheels on bends B62D 9/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Circuits or processes for controlling power steering systems, e.g. to control steering angles.
  • Control of steering angle.
  • Control of vehicle motion in general, e.g. yaw rate.
  • Control of steering assist power depending on ambient condition.
  • Control of feedback to the driver.
  • Measuring or determining driver input torque.
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means for initiating a change in direction

B62D 1/00

Steering valves

B62D 5/06

Combined with means for inclining the vehicle body or wheels on bends

B62D 9/00

Special rules of classification

References B62D 1/00, B62D 5/06 and B62D 9/00 are non-limiting in the main group B62D 6/00. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

{in order to control vehicle yaw movement, i.e. around a vertical axis (B62D 6/007 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Adjustable by the driver, e.g. sport mode

B62D 6/007

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Stability systems acting on the brakes

B60T 8/1755

{using a measured or estimated road friction coefficient}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Measuring or estimating the road friction coefficient using the steering system or values derived from within the steering system.

{adjustable by the driver, e.g. sport mode}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Classification of the driver automatically in different groups.
  • Taking care of tired, e.g. almost sleeping, driver.
  • Classifying automatically the road driven by the driver, e.g. town, highway, or mountain road.
  • Taking into account (dynamically) changing vehicles responses due to load, tyre condition, etc.
{Control of feed-back to the steering input member, e.g. simulating road feel in steer-by-wire applications}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Control aspects, e.g. calculating the feedback force.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Mechanical aspects of the actuator, e.g. how to impose force to the driver

B62D 5/006

responsive only to vehicle vibration dampening arrangements (steering dampers for cycles B62K 21/08)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Steering dampers for cycles

B62K 21/08

Special rules of classification

Reference B62K 21/08 is non-limiting in the subgroup B62D 6/06. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings (B62D 13/00 takes precedence; power-assisted or power-driven steering B62D 5/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Means on vehicle to deflect wheels, e.g. changing the steered wheel angle in relation to chassis or vehicle body. Steering linkage, stub axles and their mountings are the means to allow deflection of the wheels.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Steering specially adapted for trailers

B62D 13/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Power-assisted or power-driven steering

B62D 5/00

Special rules of classification

Reference B62D 5/00 is non-limiting in the main group B62D 7/00. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

characterised by means varying the ratio between the steering angles of the steered wheels (varying the ratio automatically depending on driving conditions B62D 6/00)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Varying the ratio automatically based on driving conditions

B62D 6/00

Special rules of classification

Reference B62D 6/00 is non-limiting in the subgroup B62D 7/09. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

{characterised by comprising means for steering by acting on the suspension system, e.g. on the mountings of the suspension arms}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means on vehicle for adjusting camber, castor, or toe-in

B62D 17/00

characterised by means varying the ratio between the steering angles of the steered wheels {(B62D 7/148 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Pivoted axes for individually pivoted wheels where the pivotal axes are situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle and provided with safety devices

B62D 7/148

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits

B62D 6/00

{provided with hydraulic assistance}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Power-assisted fluid steering per se

B62D 5/06

{provided with electrical assistance}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Power-assisted electrical steering per se

B62D 5/04

{comprising a fluid interconnecting system between the steering control means of the different axles}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Power-assisted fluid steering per se

B62D 5/06

{characterised by comprising an electrical interconnecting system between the steering control means of the different axles}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Power-assisted electrical steering per se

B62D 5/04

Arrangement of linkage connections (pivots per se F16C)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Pivots per se

F16C

Ball Joints

F16C 11/06

Special rules of classification

Reference F16C is non-limiting in the subgroup B62D 7/16. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

{substantially perpendicular, e.g. between tie-rod and steering knuckle}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Steering knuckles in general

B62D 7/18

Links, e.g. track rods (means for adjusting camber, castor, or toe-in B62D 17/00)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means for adjusting camber, castor, toe-in

B62D 17/00

Special rules of classification

Reference B62D 17/00 is non-limiting in the subgroup B62D 7/20. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

Arrangements for reducing or eliminating reaction, e.g. vibration, from parts, e.g. wheels, of the steering system
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Dampers in general

F16F

Steering deflectable wheels not otherwise provided for (steering positon indicators B62D 15/02)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Residual group for subject matter not covered by previous main groups

{Emergency systems using brakes for steering}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Using differential driving or braking to deflect steered wheels

Not only using brakes, but also using torque differences on wheels driven by electric motors.

Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like
Definition statement

This place covers:

Steering non-deflectable wheels or endless tracks, wherein steering to the right or to the left is governed by an alteration in the rotation speed of one side of a set of tracks or wheels moving in a continuous motion, i.e. steering by driving. There is no associated change in the steering angle of the wheels or tracks, e.g. tanks or slip-steered wheeled vehicles or control thereof.

Relationships with other classification places

Gearings of interest apart from this application are also classified in the relevant group of F16H covering gearings per se.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Gearings per se

F16H

using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin-differential or epicyclic gears
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles

B60K 17/00

Gearing in general

F16H

{using variable ratio belt and pulley gearings}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Gearing for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members

F16H 7/00, F16H 9/00

Endless track steering specially adapted for vehicles having both steerable wheels and endless track
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Endless track steering depending on steering input for steerable wheels
  • Supporting steering by differential driving of non-deflectable wheels
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Differentially distributing power on deflectable wheels:

B62D 9/002

Steering specially adapted for vehicles operating in tandem or having pivotally connected frames (steering endless tracks or the like B62D 11/00; steering specially adapted for trailers B62D 13/00)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Steering endless tracks or the like

B62D 11/00

Steering specially adapted for trailers

B62D 13/00

Special rules of classification

References B62D 11/00 and B62D 13/00 are non-limiting in the main group B62D 12/00. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

Steering specially adapted for trailers (combined traction and steering hitches B60D)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Stability systems for tractor-trailer combinations, e.g. counter steering or braking.

Steering not otherwise provided for
Definition statement

This place covers:

For example, passive indicator, "aiming" means, e.g. fingers in the car to drive along compared with a line in the outside world.

Sensing or measuring steering angle with particular detail to the sensing/measuring.

Special rules of classification

The mere mentioning of measuring or determining a steering or steering wheel angle is not sufficient for placement in B62D 15/00 and an inventive feature about the sensing/measuring is required for placement in B62D 15/00.

{Determination of steering angle}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Storing the last recorded steering angle;
  • Determination of rotation speed of steering wheel;
  • Measuring on the steering wheel, if there is no steering column;
  • Retrieving of steering angle information in special situations, e.g. during power off;
  • Checking or testing of steering angle sensors (see also B62D 5/049);
  • Calibration of steering angle systems e.g. by measuring steering angle and following curvature;
  • Transmission of steering angle data to other vehicle systems including steering systems.
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Sensors in general

G01B

{on or near the connection between the steering wheel and steering column}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Combinations of steering angle sensors and rotary connectors in close proximity to steering wheel and column

Special rules of classification

This group only covers rotary connectors when the rotary connector is combined with the steering angle with close proximity to the steering wheel and column.

{by measuring on the king pin}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Measuring steering angle on the king pin at the deflectable wheel or on the turn-table between tractor and trailer

{Means or methods for determination of the central position of the steering system, e.g. straight ahead position}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Determination of absolute angles, e.g. absolute steering wheel angle with a relative sensor, measuring e.g. between -90° and +90°

{Active steering aids, e.g. helping the driver by actively influencing the steering system after environment evaluation (B62D 1/28 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Non-mechanical controls that are not vehicle mounted

B62D 1/28

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Parking aids

B62D 15/027

{Automatic obstacle avoidance by steering}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Not allowing steering in the direction of obstacles.

Minimizing damages by steering in not avoidable accident

{Parking aids, e.g. instruction means}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Parking the car, e.g. parallel or perpendicular parking.
  • Leaving (pulling out) into the traffic.
  • Testing and/or finding of parking pockets.
  • Testing of (automatic) parking systems.
Special rules of classification

Automatic or guided parking as such see the relevant subgroups

{Guided parking by providing commands to the driver, e.g. acoustically or optically}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Haptically or any other means

{Parking performed automatically}
Special rules of classification

"Automatic parking" is also, if only the steering is done automatically.

{Steering assistants using warnings or proposing actions to the driver without influencing the steering system}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Parking aids

B62D 15/027

Estimation or calculation of driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit with interaction between the driver and the control system

B60W 50/08

Autonomous road vehicle drive control with determination or calculation of trajectory projection

B60W 60/0027

Control of position or course in two dimensions

G05D 1/43

Image processing

G06T

{by overlaying a vehicle path based on present steering angle over an image without processing that image}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Projections in the windscreen or on the street ahead

Means on vehicles for adjusting camber, castor, or toe-in
Definition statement

This place covers:

Means or tools located on the vehicle to adjust the different angles of a wheel support, e.g. camber, castor or toe-in and toe-out, see examples

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Radius rods, i.e. distance members
Definition statement

This place covers:

Levers or linkages for supporting a wheel.

Said support of wheels is considered as subject matter related to the suspension of a vehicle. Hence this group is no longer used for classifying. Classification should be given in subclass B60G instead.

Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted (combined frame and vehicle body B62D 23/00 {; characterised by the material thereof B62D 29/00})
Definition statement

This place covers:

Chassis built from frame members where the vehicle body will be mounted on, e.g.:

  • Structures comprising longitudinally or transversely arranged frame members
  • Structures of X-shaped or fork shaped construction
  • Subframes
  • Frames being adjustable
  • Structures having impact absorbing means
  • Structures assembled from readily detachable parts
Relationships with other classification places

This group does not cover subject matter primarily relating to the suspension with only a nominal recitation of frame structure, i.e. the inventive subject matter is related to suspension features and are covered by subclass B60G.

Sub-frames for mounting engines or suspension means are classified in B62D 21/11.

In order to get a classification in B62D 21/15, the understructure should have features, e.g. crush zones, crash boxes etc. which enable it to deform in a controlled fashion. If the structure is merely reinforced, then it should be given the relevant classifications elsewhere.

Beam elements which form part of a self supporting vehicle body are referred out of this group to B62D 25/00, e.g. B62D 25/082 for longitudinal beams in the engine bay to which sub-frames are attached.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Combined frame and vehicle body:

B62D 23/00

Beam elements forming part of a self-supporting vehicle body

B62D 25/08

Longitudinal beams in the engine bay to which sub-frames are attached

B62D 25/082

Suspension arrangements

B60G

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Understructures characterised by the material used:

B62D 29/00

Combined superstructure and frame, i.e. monocoque constructions ({having impact absorbing means B62D 21/15; } superstructure {or monocoque structure} sub-units {or parts or details thereof} B62D 25/00 {; characterised by the material thereof B62D 29/00})
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Self-supporting structures which do need an additional frame, the frame and the structure forms one unit
  • Spaceframes with integrated chassis in the whole shell, e.g. by using meshwork, tubes or the like
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Structures having impact absorbing means

B62D 21/15

Superstructures or monocoque sub-units or details thereof

B62D 25/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Superstructures or frames characterised by the material used

B62D 29/00

Connections between vehicle body and vehicle frame (B62D 23/00, B62D 33/077 take precedence)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Fixing means for connecting vehicle body to the vehicle frame, e.g. by vibration absorbing mountings like rubber pads

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Joining plates to bars

F16B 5/00

Springs or resilient mounts per se

F16F 1/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Joining plates to bars

F16B 5/00

Springs or resilient mounts per se

F16F 1/00

Special rules of classification

WARNING: Group B62D 24/00 and subgroups are not complete; see also other groups of B62D

Superstructure {or monocoque structure} sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for {(having impact absorbing means B62D 21/15; running-boards, steps, or the like as superstructure sub-unit B60R 3/00)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Subunits for superstructures, e.g.

  • Side panels
  • Door pillars
  • Fixed roofs
  • Front or rear portions, e.g. bonnets, lids, dashboards or mud-guards
  • Floor or bottom sub-units
Relationships with other classification places

The references to other areas are particularly helpful here, particularly take note of those in B62D 25/10 and B62D 25/12 for how to treat bonnet hinges, bonnet stays, openers, etc. Cabins or superstructure of the (open or closed) load compartments of utility vehicles are classified in B62D 33/00. Mudguards do not include mudguards for cycles but do include mudguards of utility vehicles.

Structures (e.g. bonnet, wing mounts) intended to deform or collapse to absorb impact forces from a non-occupant of the vehicle (e.g. pedestrian) should also be considered for classification in B60R 21/00 or indented groups.

Deformable bonnets are usually for motor cars - such documents should be classified in B62D 25/105 even if the application it is not specifically mentioned. Active protection devices which do not serve to alter the structural properties (e.g. airbags, bonnet lifters) are not classified in this group, they should be classified in B60R 21/34 and subgroups. For vehicle doors, including rear hatchback tailgates, see B60J 5/00.

The group B62D 25/085 is intended to mean front-end modules of engine compartments.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Structures having impact absorbing means

B62D 21/15

Superstructures of utility vehicles, e.g. load compartments or cabins

B62D 33/00

Running-boards, steps, or the like, as superstructure sub-unit

B60R 3/00

Mudguards for cycles

B62J 15/00

Special rules of classification

The IPC group B62D25/22 "Running-boards, steps, or the like, as superstructure sub-unit" is not used in CPC; these sub-units are referred out to group B60R 3/00 (see limiting reference in main group title).

Connections between superstructure {or understructure} sub-units {(B62D 33/0207, B62D 33/044 take precedence; between sub-units predominently made of synthetic material B62D 29/048)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Rigid, resilient or readily releasable (e.g. using screwthreads) connections between super- or understructure sub-units

Relationships with other classification places

Please be aware that groups here should not be used for documents concerning connectors and connections in general, see subclass F16B. Documents concerning the building up of individual components (e.g. the welding of sheets to form a panel) are not classified here; neither are documents concerning the attachment components which are not part of the vehicle structure, e.g. fuel tanks.

Joining trim elements (e.g. headliners) to the vehicle are in the relevant subgroups of B60R 13/00; attachments of bumpers are in the group B60R 19/00.

Subgroup B62D 27/023 is especially directed towards structural nodes - e.g. several elements joined together by connecting means.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Connections between sub-units predominantly made of synthetic material

B62D 29/048

Connections of movable or detachable racks or stanchions to platforms

B62D 33/0207

Enclosed load compartments built up with profiles of constant elongated shape, e.g. extruded, mechanically interconnected by coupling members, e.g. by clamping, riveting or bolting

B62D 33/046

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Joining trim elements (e.g. headliners) to the vehicle

B60R 13/00

Attachment of bumpers

B60R 19/00

Superstructures, {understructures, or sub-units thereof,} characterised by the material thereof {(B62D 33/044, B62D 33/048 take precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Superstructures, understructures or sub-units characterised by the used material
  • characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
  • characterised by using predominantly special steel, light alloys, wood or synthetic material
  • Structures predominantly made of synthetic material and joints therefor
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Enclosed load compartments built up with flat self-supporting panels if not predominately made of synthetic material

B62D 33/044

Enclosed load compartments for refrigerated good vehicles

B62D 33/048

Special rules of classification

Documents concerning the production of the material itself, or the moulding process, or metal-working process would not be given a classification here unless component details are specified.

Superstructures for passenger vehicles (passenger vehicles specially adapted to co-operate with aircraft or terminal buildings B64F 1/31)
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Superstructures for passenger vehicles, e.g. for carrying large number of passengers (omnibus)
  • Compact cars, e.g. city cars
Relationships with other classification places

This main group does not include railway carriages or motorized wheelchairs or the like. Please note the definition of cycle as being a vehicle on which the operator sits (e.g. on a saddle) and has direct steering, e.g. using a steering handle.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Passenger vehicles specially adapted to co-operate with aircraft or terminal buildings

B64F 1/31

Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles ({having impact absorbing means B62D 21/15; } in which a load-carrying element is movable B60P; liners B60R 13/00 {; joining sheets or plates to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them F16B 5/00})
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Platforms or open load compartments
  • Enclosed load compartments
  • Drivers's cabs or cabins and their attachment, e.g. for tiltable cabins
  • Superstructures characterised by the connection of the structure to the vehicle frame
  • Superstuctures comprising adjustable means
Relationships with other classification places

Vehicle cabs, load compartments etc. are classified in this main group, but load carrying floors for commercial vehicles are classified in group B62D 25/2054. Bonnets or lids are classified in B62D 25/10 or B62D 25/12; mudguards in B62D 25/168 or B62D 25/188.

See also B60P 1/00 - B60P 7/00 concerning adaptations for load transportation or to carry special loads or objects.

Cabins for dredging or soil shifting machines (often called work machines) should be classified in E02F 9/16; other parts of the structure of soil shifting machines in group E02F 9/08.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Understuctures having impact absorbing means

B62D 21/15

Structures in which a load-carrying element is movable, e.g. to facilitate loading or unloading

B60P 1/00

Liners for load platforms or load compartments

B60R 13/02

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Superstructures of soil shifting machines

E02F 9/08

Cabins of soil shifting machines

E02F 9/16

Joining sheets or plates to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them

F16B 5/00

Vehicle bodies characterised by streamlining
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Shaping of vehicle bodies for reducing resistance to air flow
  • Devices to control or modify the boundary layer
  • Spoilers
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Spoilers for stabilising vehicle bodies

B62D 37/02

Fluid dynamics; Influencing flow of fluid

F15D 1/00

Special rules of classification

Spoilers which have a stabilizing function should also be classified in B62D 37/02.

Devices to control or modify the boundary layer should be classified in B62D 35/00, and should be considered for further classification in the group for influencing flow of fluid F15D 1/00.

Stabilising vehicle bodies without controlling suspension arrangements
Definition statement

This place covers:

Stabilising a vehicle body by forces generated with aerodynamic means (e.g. spoilers) or by movable masses, e.g. by using gyroscopes

Relationships with other classification places

Devices to prevent vehicles toppling over are classified according to vehicle type:

for tractors B62D 49/08; for work machines E02F 9/18; for cranes B66C 23/72.

Electronic stability control operating on brakes B60T 8/1755. Stabilising means using the control of wheel suspension are not covered by this group.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Spoilers for streamlining

B62D 35/02

Ground engaging vehicle fittings for supporting, lifting or manoeuvring the vehicle

B60S 9/00

Special rules of classification

If a document concerns a spoiler which has, explicitly, a stabilizing function, then it should be given classification in B62D 37/02 as well as in B62D 35/00

Vehicle bodies not otherwise provided for {, e.g. safety vehicles (safety equipment B60R 21/00)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Bodies for emergency vehicles or special vehicle bodies not provided for in other groups of this subclass

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Safety equipment

B60R 21/00

Fittings for identifying vehicles in case of collision; Fittings for marking or recording collision areas
Definition statement

This place covers:

Devices or methods to indicate that a vehicle has been involved in a crash, the kind of crash and where the damage occurred on the vehicle. Crash recorders are not classified in this group.

Spare wheel stowing, holding, or mounting arrangements
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Stowing, holding, or mounting arrangements for spare wheels in or on the vehicle
  • Handling devices for spare wheels, e.g. for handling heavy wheels
  • Anti-theft devices for spare wheels
  • Protective coverings for spare wheels
Special rules of classification

If the document concerns adaptation to the vehicle structure, a further classification may also be required in B62D 25/087 and/or B62D 25/2027.

Motor vehicles or trailers predominantly for carrying passengers (superstructures B62D 31/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Vehicles for large number of passengers, e.g. omnibus
  • Vehicles which can be divided in sub-vehicles, e.g. nestable vehicles
  • Vehicles which are convertible in order to modify the number of seats
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Superstructures for passenger vehicles

B62D 31/00

Body details or kinds of railway vehicles

B61D

Motor-cycles, including quad bikes, ATVs;

B62J

Balancing machines supporting a rider; motorised skateboards and the like

B62K

Motorized wheelchairs; personal mobility vehicles

B62K 5/00

Special rules of classification

B62D 47/003 means that the structure should be convertible to modify the number of seats; not that the seats should simply be removable (for removable vehicle seats see B60N 2/00). Documents which are more general and do not concern the understructure or superstructure per se or particular part thereof should be classified in this group.

{convertible in order to modify the number of seats (foldable compact cars B62D 31/006; convertible from one use to a different one B60P 3/42)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Vehicles structures, which could be changed to allow different numbers of seats. Subject matter where the seats are simply removable are not covered by this group.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Compact cars, e.g. being foldable

B62D 31/006

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Vehicles convertible from one use to a different one

B60P 3/42

Tractors (of walk type B62D 51/04; endless- track features B62D 55/00 {; transport specially adapted for underground galleries E21F 13/02})
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Tractors for pushing or pulling;
  • Tractors for semi-trailers;
  • Tractors adapted for multi-purpose use;
  • Tractors for all kind of tasks, e.g. modified to take lifting devices;
  • Tractors having means for preventing overturning or tipping.
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Walk type tractors

B62D 51/04

Endless track vehicles

B62D 55/00

Transport means specially adapted for underground galleries

E21F 13/02

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Vehicles specially adapted for handling aircraft, e.g. aircraft tow tractors

B64F 1/225

Special rules of classification

Generally, connections between tractors and agricultural equipment or implements are classified in A01B 59/04 and subgroups. The term "Tractors" in this group is not limited to agricultural vehicles.

Specialist tractors, e.g. street cleaning tractors, snow clearance vehicles, will be classified elsewhere according to their function.

Motor vehicles characterised by the driver not being seated {(wheeled carriers for golf bags A63B 55/60)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Load handling vehicles, e.g. pedestrian trucks
  • Walk-type tractors, i.e. the driver is walking behind
  • Vehicles where the driver is not being seated with endless tracks
  • Control devices for vehicles where the driver is not being seated
  • Transmission devices for vehicles where the driver is not being seated
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Wheeled carriers for golf bags

A63B 55/60

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Motorised hand carts

B62B 1/00 - B62B 5/0026

Electric wheel-barrows

B62B 1/18 - B62B 5/0026

Balancing machines supporting a rider; motorised skateboards and the like

B62K

Special rules of classification

Agricultural machines or the like where the driver walks behind the tool, e.g. lawn mower, rotary cultivator, would not typically be given a classification here, classification would be given in the related application groups for the machines. For motorised hand carts see B62B 1/00 and B62B 5/0026. For electric wheel-barrows see B62B 1/18 and B62B 5/0026.

Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains (traction couplings other than fifth wheel coupling B60D {; tracked vehicles comprising at least two articulated parts B62D 55/0655})
Definition statement

This place covers:

Tractor-trailer combinations comprising an uniaxle tractor unit and an uniaxle trailer unit

Tractor-trailer combinations where one unit supports an essential part of the other unit's load, e.g. semi-trailers

Fifth wheel traction couplings

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Articulated tracked vehicles comprising tracks for tractor and trailer

B62D 55/0655

Traction couplings other than fifth wheel coupling

B60D

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Steering specially adapted for trailers

B62D 13/00 - B62D 47/025

Couplings of service lines

B60D 1/62 - B60D 1/64

Stability control acting on the braking system of tractor-trailer combinations

B60T 8/1708

Special rules of classification

Documents concerning road trains, i.e. tractor plus two or more trailers, are classified in B62D 53/005. B62D 53/125 should concern automatic coupling of the service lines happening during automatic coupling of the fifth-wheel coupling. For all other couplings of service lines see B60D 1/62 and B62D1/64.

Regarding subgroup B62D 53/068: if the load distribution is modified by operating on the vehicle suspension (without lifting a wheel set), then the document should be classified in the relevant groups of B60G.

Endless track vehicles (steering aspects B62D 11/00; {characterised by the driver not being seated B62D 51/007})
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Tracked vehicles with tracks and additional ground wheels
  • Tracked vehicles using alternatively tracks or ground wheels
  • Vehicles with tracks only
  • Endless track units, e.g. bogies, frames or tracks
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Steering aspects of endless tracked vehicles

B62D 11/00

Endless tracked vehicles characterised by the driver not being seated, e,g, walk-type tractors

B62D 51/007

Special rules of classification

These endless track vehicles are also called caterpillar or crawler vehicles

If a vehicle merely has tracks, this is not a sufficient reason for classifying in B62D 55/00. For example, a mono-tracked snow mobile would only be given the classification B62D 55/07 if there were details shown of the track or track unit. Traction increasing devices which fit over individual tyres such as snow-chains are not classified here, see B60C 27/00.

Group B62D 55/253 covers flexible tracks with discrete track elements interconnected by cables or the like. Continuous tracks with embedded cables are classified in group B62D 55/242.

Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track (sledges B62B; motor sledges B62M)
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Vehicles with ground engaging propulsion means other than wheels or endless tracks, e.g. walking members
  • Vehicles having propulsion means which do not engage the ground
Relationships with other classification places

Humanoid robots are not systematically classified in this group. Possible areas for this subject matter are program controlled manipulators B25J 9/00; gripping heads in B25J 15/00; manipulators in general B25J.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Motorised sledges

B62M

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Endless-track vehicles for ascending or descending stairs

B62D 55/075

Hand carts; Sledges

B62B

Special rules of classification

If necessary it is permissible to classify a document in both B62D 55/00 and B62D 57/00.

Please note that there are some documents concerning tracked vehicles with walking members to assist ascending stairs. These would not be classified in B62D 57/00, but in B62D 55/075 because the primary propulsion is by tracks, and due to the reference in B62D 57/024 pointing to group B62D 55/075.

The ground engaging propulsion means (e.g. walking members) are classified in the subgroup B62D 57/02.

Trailers with driven ground wheels or the like
Definition statement

This place covers:

Trailers with driven ground wheels or tracks, the propulsion unit being arranged either on the trailer or remote from the trailer

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Ground engaging, power driven vehicle manoeuvring fittings fixed on the vehicle, e.g. fittings using additional wheel driven by an auxiliary motor

B60S 9/205

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Tractor-trailer combinations comprising uniaxial tractor and uniaxial trailer unit with a transmission shaft passing through the coupling joints

B62D 53/025

Vehicle manoeuvring devices separate from the vehicle

B60S 13/00

Special rules of classification

B62D 59/00 concern trailers with driven wheels for moving the trailer when uncoupled from the tractor, e.g. for parking, manoeuvring. However, in some documents the driven trailer means are used as an auxiliary drive or alternative drive and should be (also) classified in

Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern
Definition statement

This place covers:

Motor vehicles or trailers characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels not covered by previous groups, e.g. with variable number of ground engaging wheels or with more than four wheels

Relationships with other classification places

This group does not include cycles or motorised wheelchairs or the like. Please note the definition of cycle as being a vehicle on which the operator sits (e.g. on a saddle) and has direct steering, e.g. bicycle, tricycle or quad.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Wheelchairs, Transport devices for disabled people

A61G 5/00

Cycles, motor cycles, ATVs, quad bikes

B62J, B62K

Personal mobility vehicles

B62K 5/00

Motor vehicles or trailers not otherwise provided for
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Modular vehicles
  • Foldable, yieldable or extensible trailers
  • Trailers with one axle or two wheels
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Understructures, i.e. chassis frames, characterised by the vehicle type

B62D 21/18

Trailer chassis

B62D 21/20

Semi-trailers

B62D 53/06

Adaptations of trailers for specific purposes

B60P

Special rules of classification

Motor vehicles: modular vehicles does not mean vehicle with exchangeable modules for repair or change in function of the vehicle.

Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not covered by other groups of this subclass
  • Transportation, conveyor or haulage systems specially adapted for vehicle assembly lines
  • Inspecting and control devices for assembly
  • Joining sub-units or components to body shell or other sub-units
  • Positioning of sub-units or components to body shell or to other sub-units, the subunits or components being doors, windows, openable roofs, lids, bonnets or weather strips
  • Joining pre-assembled modular units
Relationships with other classification places

Very important is the residual character of this group "not otherwise provided for". Documents concerning the assembly or production or formation of individual components, e.g. doors, roofs, side panels, bonnets, engines, gearboxes, etc. should not be classified here, but their attachment to the body shell. This group concerns further the positioning and assembling of the body shell to the chassis.

For management of production lines, e.g. for resource allocation, planning or scheduling G06Q 10/083 ; for inventory, storage or labelling of parts, ordering of new parts, Just-In-Time delivery G06Q 10/087 .

For control of productions lines [i.e. direct connections to machines] see G05B 19/418 or see the relevant technology, for instance B23 or B05, and as well for the details of the processes.

Concerning B62D 65/024 "Positioning of sub-units or components with respect to body shell or other sub-units or components": when the centring is achieved by features of the component itself, then the document should be classified according to the component; the classification B62D 65/024 and lower is given in addition to the groups B62D 65/04 - B62D 65/16 where the component is specified.

Special rules of classification

The IPC group B62D65/08 (IPC 7) 'Weather strips or seals' is not used in ECLA. The documents are classified in application group B60J 10/45.

Systematic disassembly of vehicles for recovery of salvageable components, e.g. for recycling (for disposal of vehicles by destroying or transformation B09B 3/00, B09B 5/00 {; general arrangement of separating plants B03B 9/00; recovery of plastics B29B 17/00})
Definition statement

This place covers:

Disassembly lines or processes in reverse, not for recycling of individual components or recycling of construction materials.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Disposal of vehicles by destroying or transformation

B09B 3/00, B09B 5/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

General arrangement of separating plants

B03B 9/00

Recovery of plastics

B29B 17/00