This is the residual class for processes and apparatuses for
the manufacture of a book(*) its associated elements, including
the assembly of any or all its elements to each other or to the
book(*). The term book(*) as well as its associated
elements are defined in the Glossary of Terms.
SECTION II - GLOSSARY
The following words, terms, or phrases have been defined
in an effort to maintain consistency as to their meaning and also
to minimize space in the titles and definitions. Each word, term,
or phrase will be followed by an asterisk (*) to indicate
that reference should be made to this glossary for its specific
meaning.
(1)
Note. The terms making and manufacturing appearing in the
glossary terms, titles, or definitions of this class are considered synonymous
and may be used interchangeably.
BOOK(*)
A book consists of two or more sheets(*) secured together
either: (a) only at their margins; or (b) only at a restricted
field within the margins; or (c) only at their margins and at a
restricted field within the margins. When a margin of one sheet
is attached to a margin of another sheet(*) to obtain in
effect a single sheet(*) or greater area, the resulting
article is still regarded as a sheet(*) rather than a book.
A folded sheet is not considered to be a book. Book and bound
book are synonomous terms and in both, a covering member has not
yet been applied. See this Glossary for the definition of the term
completed book(*).
BACK(*)
The back is that portion of a book formed where and when the sections of it are
united by sewing, stitching(*), or stapling. The term
back is sometimes erroneously used to describe the portion of the
outer covering member which encloses the back, but the term spine(*) is
preferred for this portion of the covering member.
BACKING(*)
The book making operation referring to the step for making
the back(*) of the book(*), wherein the back(*) has
been previously sewn and glued, whereby the back edge of the sheets(*),
signatures(*), quires(*), etc., which make up
the book(*) are splayed outwards from the center of the
book(*) and gives the back(*) a convex shape.
This adds to the permanence of the back and provides an abutment
for the boards in the book(*) covering member. Rounding
and backing(*) are considered synonymous for purposes of
the terms of this Glossary.
COMPLETED BOOK(*)
A book(*) which has had its covering member
attached.
CRASH(*)
A loose weave binding cloth which is generally applied with
adhesive to the back(*) of a bound book(*) as
a reinforcing material prior to the application of the book(*)
covering member.
END SHEETS(*)
The sheet(*) of paper at the front(*)
and end of a book(*) overlaying the inner sides of the
boards of the covering member serving with the linings(*)
to secure the book(*) to its associated covering member.
FRONT(*)
The first page or first sheet(*) of a book(*).
FREE EDGE(*)
The edge or edges of the bound book(*) which
are not involved with the fastening together of the sheets(*), etc.,
into the book(*). The free edge is opposite the back(*)
e.g., where the binding, stitching(*), sewing, etc. is
located; the other edges are known as the head, i.e., the top edge
and foot or bottom edge also known as the tail.
JACKET
A protective structure, e.g., dust cover, assembled to
but not fastened to a completed book(*).
LINING(*)
The material used for or process of reinforcing the back(*)
of a bound book(*) by gluing a strip of the material to
the back(*) of the book.
PAGE(*)
A side of a sheet(*).
QUIRE(*)
A term of art meaning 24 sheets(*) of paper.
SHEET(*)
A body, usually paper, having two parallel surfaces both dimensions
of which are large in comparison with the third dimension of the
body. Sheets can be printed on or blank.
SIGNATURE(*)
A book(*) section, composed of a plurality of
sheets having a common fold; thus, the term signature is usually
used synonymously in this class with sheets(*) and quires(*)
to indicate printed or unprinted matter which is being fastened
together at the edges to form a bound book(*).
SPINE(*)
The hollow or portion of the covering member which connects
the boards.
STITCHING(*)
The process of fastening together sheets(*),
signatures(*), or quires(*) at one edge thereof
to form a bound book(*). Usually this is done by sewing
with needle and thread, but this may be done by a similar fastening
operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process for making a paper, board, cloth, or leather covering member, formed
by machine, intended to be fastened to a book(*).
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process for assembling a book(*) or a plurality of unbound
sheets(*), signatures(*), or quires(*),
etc., to a paper, board, cloth, or leather covering member.
(1)
Note. The assembly is permanent, e.g., it should involve
some form of permanent fastening, such as stitching(*),
gluing, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Processes for assembling a book(*) to a paper, board, cloth,
or leather covering member previously formed by machine.
(1)
Note. The assembly is permanent, e.g., it should involve
some form of permanent fastening, such as stitching(*),
gluing, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process wherein the sheets(*), signatures(*),
or quires(*) are provided with an aperture adjacent an
edge thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process for fastening elements of a book(*) by the use
of a sticky substance such as glue, cement, or paste.
(1)
Note. The elements can constitute such structures as sheets(*),
signatures(*), quires(*), etc.
Adhesive Bonding and
Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, appropriate subclasses for laminating operations per se
not specialized to book making; especially
subclass 202 and 216 for pasting fabric coverings to boards
with the edges turned over the boards.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus for assembling and holding a plurality of sheets(*)
under pressure so that one edge of a stack of the sheets can be coated
with adhesive.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus provided with means capable of altering an operation of
the apparatus in direct response to sensing means which can perceive
a characteristic or change in a characteristic of either the apparatus
or of work being operated upon by the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Apparatus further provided with means which automatically stops or
interrupts an operation of the apparatus or a portion thereof upon
the sensing of an abnormal or unpredicted occurrence of an event,
condition, or state which can occur during any portion of the operation
of the apparatus.
(1)
Note. A typical abnormal condition could be a misfeeding
of a workpiece, i.e., the workpiece does not properly register,
or the workpiece is not of proper dimensions required, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus wherein control means is provided with either (a) means
for storing coded instructions or other data necessary to regulate
an operation of the apparatus, (b) means repetitively regulating
a sequence of operational steps performed in or by the apparatus,
or (c) means for determining the time at which an operation occurs
or length of time taken to perform such an operation in or by the apparatus.
(1)
Note. The type of cyclic control under (b) above to be found
herein, includes limit switch arrangements of the interlock type
which control the sequence of operation based on the movement of apparatus
elements to specific locations, e.g., the closing or opening of
a door, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus wherein means are provided with either (a) determines a
dimension, quantity, or capacity of a characteristic or property
of the apparatus, a part thereof or material therein, (b) determine
the presence or existence of a characteristic or property of the apparatus,
a part thereof or material therein, or (c) examines or verifies
a characteristic or property of the apparatus, a part thereof or material
therein.
(1)
Note. The measuring, testing, or inspecting means of this
subclass may also provide a visual, audible, or other type of signal
or indicator or a permanent record of the determined dimension, quantity,
capacity, characteristic property, or examination or verification.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus provided with means for severing some portion of a book(*) or
elements thereof.
(1)
Note. The cutter or severing means provided for in this subclass
is typically used to trim pages or covering members, or perform
similar operations on other elements of a book(*).
Cutting, appropriate subclasses for means for perforating
sheets, preparatory to binding them, and saw means used in notching
edges of sheets preparatory to binding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus especially adapted for making a paper, board, cloth, or
leather covering member intended to fastened to a book(*).
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus for performing an operation upon a previously assembled
book(*) and its paper, board, cloth, or leather covering member
or fastening together a book and a paper, board, cloth, or leather
covering member.
(1)
Note. The typical operation, provided for herein, would be
attaching a protective jacket(*), or decorating the pages(*).
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Apparatus for fastening together a bound book(*) and a paper,
board, cloth, or leather covering member intended to be fastened
to a book.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Apparatus wherein the book(*) is composed of a plurality
of loose sheets(*), and further wherein means are provided
to fasten the sheets, etc., at one edge and to apply a paper, board,
cloth, or leather covering member in a single step.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Apparatus for performing the step of placing a book(*) with
its fastened paper, board, cloth, or leather covering means cover(*)
in a press or putting a crease along the hinge line of a paper,
board, cloth, or leather covering means.
(1)
Note. The presses of this subclass are designed to set the
applied glue to remove air pockets, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus provided with a rigid planar body having a first plane side
and a second plane side, the first plane side being capable of physically
engaging a flat area of a book(*), to transmit pressure
applied to the second plane side through the planar body to the
flat area of the book.
(1)
Note. The pressure being applied to the second plane side
and being transmitted through the body is produced by a press apparatus
and is intended to aid in properly forming the finished book(*)
or to aid in the drying of a book after a casing-in operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus specifically adapted for operating upon a book(*)
which has been secured together at one edge.
(1)
Note. This and intended subclasses are proper for apparatus
for performing various operations on a book(*) prior to
the application or assembly with a covering member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Apparatus specifically adapted for assembling a member to the book(*)
designed to give additional strength to the back(*) of
the book.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Apparatus for expelling the air from between individual sheets of
an edge bound book and for returning the book to a uniform size
and thickness after an edge binding operation.
(1)
Note. The term nipping is used synonymomously with smashing
in the book making art.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Apparatus for applying decorative strips to the head and foot of a
back(*) of an edge bound book(*).
(1)
Note. The head and foot of a back(*), respectively,
are the top edge and the bottom edge of the back. See in the glossary
of terms, the definition of free edge(*), for a further
description of head and foot relating to book making.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus for fastening together along a common edge, a plurality
of sheets(*), signatures(*), or quires(*).
Elongated-Member-Driving
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses and particularly
subclasses 19+ for apparatus for assembling book leaves or signatures
combined with means to apply a staple, etc.; and subclasses 99+ for feeding
preassembled book leaves or signatures combined with means to apply
a staple, etc.
Sheet-Material Associating, for means for uniting leaves together into books
by pasting, stapling, or stitching, provided there is included some means
for folding the leaves or associating the leaves for signatures.
This class (270) also provides for means for associating leaves
or signatures and folding leaves in the making of books.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus wherein the sheets(*), signatures(*),
or quires(*) are fastened together by a bendable striplike-clamping
member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus wherein the sheets(*), signatures(*),
or quires(*) are fastened together either by (a) a lace
or ribbon passed through notches or grooves cut across the thickness
of the back(*) of the sheets, etc., or (b) by using a strip
of adhesive tape applied to the back of the sheets.
Adhesive Bonding and
Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, appropriate subclasses for laminating operations, per se,
not specialized to bookmaking; and especially
subclasses 461+ for apparatus for pasting fabric coverings to boards
with the edges turned over the boards.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus wherein the sheets(*), signatures(*),
or quires(*) are fastened together by an application of
an adhesive material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus specially adapted for applying a fastener to sheets(*),
signatures(*), or quires(*) having a fastener
receiving hole punched through their thickness dimension in an area
other than the bound edge of the sheets, signatures or quires.
Cutting, appropriate subclasses for perforating sheets, preparatory
to binding them, and saw means used in notching edges of sheets
prepatory to binding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus specially adapted for applying a fastener in the form of
a thin integral toothed strip made of metallic material designed
to be temporarily deformed for insertion through the fastener receiving
hole of the sheets(*), signatures(*), or quires(*).
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus specially adapted for applying a fastener in the form of
a thin integral toothed strip made of plastic material designed
to be temporarily deformed for insertion through the fastener receiving
hole of the sheets(*), signatures(*), or quires(*).
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Apparatus wherein the fastener is composed of thermoplastic material and
further wherein the apparatus is provided with means capable of
melting a portion of said thermoplastic material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus specially adapted for applying a fastener in the form of
a single annular element limited for insertion into a single fastener
receiving hole of the sheets(*), signatures(*),
or quires(*).
(1)
Note. The fasteners of this subclass are restricted such
that only one fastener can bind only one hole per fastener so that
a multiple hole set of sheets(*), signatures(*),
or quires(*) will require multiple fasteners to complete
the binding operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus specially adapted for applying a fastener in the form of
a single elongated rodlike element limited for insertion into a
single fastener receiving hole of the sheets(*), signatures(*),
or quires(*).
(1)
Note. The fasteners of this subclass are restricted such
that only one fastener can bind only one hole per fastener so that
a multiple hole set of sheets(*), signatures(*),
or quires(*) will require multiple fasteners to complete
the binding operation.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
The following subclasses are collections of disclosures pertaining
to various aspects of the book binding art which do not form appropriate
bases for subclasses in the previous classification, i.e., subclasses
higher in the schedule. Documents are placed in these subclasses based
on their disclosure other than or independent from their claims
or claimed disclosure and in no instance do they represent the entire
extent of the prior art or disclosure for the specified aspect.
Apparatus for performing a bookbinding operation which utilizes
means which activate (through heat, wetting, or etc.) an adhesive which
has been previously applied to one of the elements being joined
together.
Apparatus for performing a bookbinding operation involving
the use of elements which have had a pressure sensitive adhesive
applied to them prior to the operation.
Note: The Patent
and Trademark Depository Library Program (PTDLP) administers a nationwide
network of public, state and academic libraries designated as Patent and
Trademark Depository Libraries authorized by 35 U.S.C. 13 to: Disseminate
Patent and Trademark Information Support Diverse Intellectual Property
Needs of the Public. PTDL Contact Information
Note: For information/comments on electronic information products, such
as purchasing USPTO data, or to discuss system requirements for magnetic
tape products, contact:
KEY: =online
business system =fees =forms=help =laws/regulations =definition
(glossary)
The Inventors
Assistance Center is available to help you on patent
matters.Send questions about USPTO programs and services
to theUSPTO
Contact Center (UCC). You can suggest USPTO webpages
or material you would like featured on this section by E-mail
to the webmaster@uspto.gov.
While we cannot promise to accommodate all requests, your suggestions
will be considered and may lead to other improvements on the
website.
![[Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 412]](../as.gif)
CLASS 412,![[List of Patents for class 412 subclass 1]](../ps.gif)
1
=online
business system 
=fees 
=forms
=help 
=laws/regulations 
=definition
(glossary)