CPC Definition - Subclass G01D
This place covers:
Measuring arrangements or apparatus giving results other than momentary value of a variable, and not specially adapted for a variable covered by a single other subclass, e.g.
giving mean values, root mean square [RMS] or integral values
signalling that a predetermined value has been exceeded.
Measuring arrangements with provision for special purposes, e.g.
for altering or correcting the transfer function
for mitigating undesired influences, such as temperature or pressure.
Component parts of said measuring apparatus or arrangements.
Testing or calibrating said measuring apparatus or arrangements.
Indicating or recording measured values not specially adapted for a specific variable
- Apparatus or arrangements for indicating or recording the results of measurements, not specially adapted for variables covered by a single other subclass, e.g. general recording by stylus and paper roll.
- Component parts of said indicating or recording apparatus or arrangements.
- Testing or calibrating said indicating or recording apparatus or arrangements.
- Tariff meters
- Apparatus or arrangements for tariff metering in general.
- Component parts of taiff metering apparatus or arrangements.
- Testing or calibrating tariff metering apparatus or arrangements.
G01D covers measuring arrangements, or arrangements for indicating, recording or transducing measurements not specially adapted for a specific variable covered by a single other subclass. Therefore when the variable is specified and covered by a single other subclass of G01, classification should be directed to that subclass.
For example, classification should be directed to G01D for measuring arrangements giving the RMS value of an unspecified variable, or signalling that a predetermined value of an unspecified variable has been exceeded. Instead, when the variable under consideration is specified (e.g. a voltage, liquid level or temperature), and a single other subclass exists that covers measurements of that variable (e.g. G01R, G01F or G01K respectively) then classification should be directed to that subclass.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Data loggers (animals/veterinary) | |
Data loggers (medical) | |
Ink-jet printers | |
Dashboard instruments | |
Illumination of dashboard instruments | |
Steering sensors | |
Light sources | |
Measuring length, thickness, dimensions etc. | |
Measuring of force, pressure, strain, torque etc. | |
Testing of machines | |
Bearings incorporating rotation sensors | |
Measuring electric or magnetic variables | |
Tariff meters for measuring the time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electric consumption | |
Measuring root mean square [RMS] values of currents or voltages | |
Control systems | |
Graphical User Interfaces | |
Data loggers (architecture) | |
Tariff metering apparatus in taxi's, i.e. taximeters | |
Apparatus actuated by coins, cards or the like with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas, or electricity | |
Telemetry | |
displaying information in general | |
Recording in a way which requires playback through a transducer | |
Resistors | |
Smart metering/smart homes | |
A/D converters | |
Wireless communication networks |
Any documents discussing the compensation or correction of errors in position encoding systems should be classified in G01D 5/244 and sub-groups rather than in G01D 3/00.
This place covers:
Analysis of measured values
- Root Mean Square (RMS)
- Integration
- Differentiation
- Distribution
Detecting the maxima or minima of a measured value
Producing a product or a ratio of measured values
Signalling that an unspecified parameter has exceeded a predetermined value
This place does not cover:
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Indication that a specified parameter has exceeded a predetermined value for fluid level | |
Indication that a specified parameter has exceeded a predetermined value for temperature | |
Root Mean Square values of current or voltage |
This place covers:
Correcting or altering the law of variation
Using purely analogue techniques
Using digital techniques (i.e. correction data stored in a memory)
Mitigating undesired influences (due to e.g. temperature or pressure changes)
By averaging, gating undesired signals etc.
By detecting the undesired influence and correcting for its effect
Determining the correct operation of a measuring apparatus
Further details of subgroups
- Includes mechanical/electro-mechanical systems, any analogue circuits which involve switching, digital arrangements not involving use of a memory;
- Correcting/compensating for non-linearities;
- Compensating for temperature, pressure etc., see G01D 3/028 and sub-groups.
- Includes mechanical arrangements, materials etc.; sub-groups take precedence.
- Includes systems having feedback, but no switching.
- Only digital or analogue/digital systems using memories; also include temperature correction methods involving memories;
- TEDS (Transducer Electronic Data Sheet);
- Overlaps with G01D 18/008 (Calibration). Documents classified here deal with how calibration data is used and not how calibration data is produced, which is classified in G01D 18/008
G01D 3/036 and G01D 3/0365 take precedence.
- Sensors having a "self-correction" action, inc. those having components sensitive to the undesired effect, but not producing actual signals;
- Signals fed-back to sensor, to regulate supply voltage, frequency, gain etc.;
- Dual sensors measuring the desired parameter, the signals being combined to remove undesired effects;
- Sensors producing e.g. temperature dependent signal (resistive value of inductive sensor) as well as the sensed parameter;
- G01D 3/0365 takes precedence.
- Dual (identical) sensor arrangements where only one sensor is affected by desired parameter, while the other sensor is only affected by undesired parameter;
- A signal representing the undesired parameter must be produced, which is further processed;
- For sensor arrangements where a sensitive element is placed e.g. in a feedback loop, see G01D 3/036.
- Includes systems for monitoring sensor operation;
- See also G01D 18/00 and G01R 31/2829.
- e.g. after reaching a certain threshold.
This place does not cover:
Incremental/absolute/pulse type position encoders |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Testing or monitoring circuits in sensor systems |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
TEDS | Transducer Electronic Data Sheet |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Force measuring per se |
This place covers:
Smart utility meters
Remote reading of utility meters
Reading directly to a remote (e.g. central) location
Reading indirectly (e.g. via a mobile or handheld reader)
Adaptation of existing meters, for conversion into smart meters
Display of actual utility consumption and/or the pricing or cost
Determination of the layout or topology of utility meters connected to an electricity grid
Outage detection in an electrical grid
Real-time monitoring of power generated by renewable sources.
Further details of subgroups
- In general, G01R takes precedence;
The measuring of electrical power is to be classified in G01R.
Although transmission of utility data is covered by G01D, the techniques for transmitting such data should be classified in G08C, H04Q 9/00 and H04W .
Although smart utility meters should be in G01D, where smart utility meters are combined within a building (smart homes), H02J should be used
Where the utility being measured is a fluid (i.e. gas or water), then G01F 15/00 should also be considered.
This place does not cover:
Taximeters | |
Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measurement of electrical voltage, current or power | |
Tariff meters for measuring the time integral of electric power or current | |
Coin-feed mechanisms for taximeters | |
Smart homes |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
SCADA | Supervisory Command And Data Acquisition |
AMR | Automatic Meter Reading |
Smart meter | A utility meter which is either able to transmit measured utility data to a remote/central location and/or is able to display accurate consumption, pricing and/or cost information to the consumer |
This place covers:
Sensors, transducers
- Hall sensors
- Magneto-resistive sensors
- Inductive sensors
- Capacitive sensors
- Optical sensors
- Fiber-optic sensors
- Magnetostrictive sensors
- Other sensor types (i.e. piezoelectric, Wiegand, magneto-optical)
Sensors using particle or wave means (i.e. ultrasonic, microwave)
Sensors using gears, levers, magnetic coupling etc.
Encoders
- Incremental encoders
- Absolute encoders
- Pseudo-random encoders
- Error correction/prevention in encoders
Further details of subgroups
- Position sensing arrangements using magnetically sensitive (semiconductor) devices;
- Magneto-resistive devices in general, see G01R 33/09;
- Joysticks, see G05G 9/047 and G06F 3/0338 .
Adjustable resistors, see H01C 10/00.
Rotary switches, see H01H 19/00.
Includes circuits associated with measuring the capacitance of capacitive sensors;
see also proximity switches (H03K 17/955) and touch switches (H03K 17/96);
See also G01R 27/26.
See H04R 3/00 and H04R 19/00.
- This is the head group for incremental/absolute/pulse type position encoders, but should not be used for classification purposes;
- It contains all documents which do not fit in the sub-groups of G01D 5/244, G01D 5/245 & G01D 5/249;
- See also H03M 1/22 - H03M 1/308
Includes counting high frequency clock pulses as well as combining, inverting or delaying input pulses to produce higher frequency pulses.
Includes documents using memories to produce SIN/COS (i.e. interpolation of incremental signals).
Not to be used (virtually empty).
Either quadrature or single detector incremental encoders.
Reference marks either on same encoder or on separate encoder;
See also G01D 5/366.
e.g. PPM (pulse position modulation).
Virtually empty, sub-groups take precedence;
See also H03M 1/22 - H03M 1/308
Single track encoders with single or multiple detectors;
See G01D 5/2455 for single track encoders equipped with incremental or clocking track.
As for G01D 5/2492, but includes only those documents which specifically mention using a pseudo-random code.
Multi-track/multi-detector encoders.
Includes conductive encoders;
Rotary switches, see H01H 19/00.
Typically Reed switches are found here.
Compensation of undesired effects in optical measuring systems.
Not using optical fibres;
See also G01B 9/02041.
The fibre is only used as transmitting means and not for sensing.
e.g. Twin diodes for following a line.
Not polarisation encoders.
e.g. Polariser and analyser system.
Optical encoders.
Not the coding part: only the physical construction of the scale.
e.g. lens arrangement for concentrating the light.
Coupling between the axis of rotation and the encoder.
How the encoding is made;
Encoder without incremental coding.
Coding must have some incremental coding and some analogue coding.
Coding must have some incremental coding and no analogue coding at all.
The fibre is the sensitive element;
Also contains fibre interferometer and Bragg sensors;
See also G01D 5/268 for Bragg.
Relates to the processing of the detected pulses of light.
Reference of incremental scales.
Encoders with diffraction gratings are also here.
Data loggers incorporating wireless transmission means should have the class G01D 9/005.
This place does not cover:
Measuring arrangements with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Calibrating encoders | |
Measurement of specific parameters, i.e. length, thickness, alignment, angles etc. | |
For converting a single current or a single voltage into a mechanical displacement | |
Specially adapted for high-voltage or high-current measuring arrangements | |
Measuring currents or voltages using digital measurement techniques | |
Transmission systems for measured values, control or similar signals |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
GMR | Giant magneto-resistance |
AMR | Anisotropic magneto-resistance |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring inductance per se | |
Measuring transformation ration or coupling factor of windings per se |
This place covers:
The displaying of measured values
- Analogue and numerical indication
- Indication by colour change
- Indication using tactile feedback
Indicating two or more values simultaneously
On the same of different screen
In co-ordinate form
Audible indication of measured values
- Measuring arrangements incorporating speech synthesizers
- Representing measurements using tones
Arrangements of instruments in vehicles or aircraft cockpits
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Specific details about vehicle dashboards | |
Aircraft cockpits in genera | |
General constructional details of displays |
See also B60K 35/00, B60K 37/00
See also G12B 11/00 and sub-groups.
This place covers:
The recording of measured values
- Solid state data-loggers
- Recording measured values on a recording medium
- Recording measured values with respect to time
- Recording measured values with respect to another measured value
Further details of subgroups
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Animal/veterinary data loggers | |
Medical data-loggers | |
Construction of data-loggers |
This place covers:
Constructional aspects of measuring arrangements
- Bearings, suspensions
- Balancing or damping movement
- Housings for instruments
- Housings for sensors
- Illumination of measuring devices
- Mountings for sensors or instruments
Further details of subgroups
Also includes details of rotary shaft couplings;
Check also G01D 5/34738.
See also G01D 5/34738.
See also G12B 9/02, H05K 5/00, H03K 17/9505.
Also includes details of sensor mountings;
Covers for utility meters, see H02B 1/03;
Flanged joints and sealings, see F16L 23/00.
See also G01D 13/265;
See also B60Q 3/10, F21V 7/00, G12B 11/02, B60K 35/00 and B60K 37/00;
Includes supports for sensor housings;
H03K 17/9505 constructional details of proximity switches;
F16M 11/00 or F16M 13/00 supports in general.
This place does not cover:
Component parts of indicators for measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable | |
Component parts of recorders for measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Vehicle dashboards | |
Illumination of vehicle instruments | |
Light sources in general | |
General constructional details |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Casings for radiation pyrometry | |
Supports or fastening devices for thermometers; Mounting thermometers | |
Housings for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium in general | |
Housings for measuring linear or angular speed, acceleration, deceleration or shock or for indicating presence, absence, or direction of movement | |
Housings, supporting members or arranging of terminals of instruments or arrangements for measuring electric or magnetic variables | |
Mounting transducers in devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general or in devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general |
This place covers:
Component parts of measurement indicators
- Scales
- Dials
- Graduation
- Pointers
- Pointers adapted to transmit light
Further details of subgroups
Transparent pointers for conducting light are found in G01D 13/265;
See also G01D 11/28.
This place covers:
Recording type
- Punching or deforming the recording medium
- Heating the recording medium
- Recording magnetically
- Recording optically
- Printing
Drives for bringing the recording element into contact with the recording medium
Holding devices for the recording medium
The shape of the recording medium
Circular
Cylindrical
Strip or tape
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Printing per se | |
Chemical composition of ink |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Printing or duplicating processes |
This place covers:
Further details of subgroups
- Deals with how calibration data is created;
- Overlaps with G01D 3/022 (the use of stored calibration data to improve measurement accuracy).
This place covers:
Measuring or testing not specifically covered by other sub-groups
Measuring two or more variables simultaneously
i.e. pressure and temperature sensors in the same housing
Transmission of measured values
- Wirelessly
- Sensor networks
- Two-wire transmitters