CPC Definition - Subclass F27D

Last Updated Version: 2025.01
DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details, accessories of furnaces, kilns or ovens in general, not for specific furnaces, kilns or ovens.

Relationships with other classification places

The details or accessories for specific furnaces, kilns or ovens are classified in F27B subgroups

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Combustion apparatus

F23

Special rules of classification

Indexing Codes should be used as additional information or in case a CPC symbol is given and more detailed Indexing Codes are existing, these more detailed Indexing Codes should also be given.

Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Linings for casting-melt holding vessels

B22D 41/02

Refractory materials

C04B

Clay-wares

C04B 33/00

Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition

C04B 35/00

Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings

E04B 2/00

Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation

F16L 58/00

Thermal insulation in general

F16L 59/00

Firebridges for combustion chambers

F23M 3/00

Shape of bricks or blocks used in combustion chambers

F23M 5/02

{Linings or walls comprising heat shields, e.g. heat shields}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Shields protecting the charge within the furnace

F27D 5/0062

{Means to facilitate repair or replacement or prevent quick wearing}
Special rules of classification

Making or repairing linings, increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings are classified in F27D 1/16.

{Furnace constructed in modules}
Special rules of classification

Making or repairing linings, increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings are classified in F27D 1/16.

{Movable or removable parts}
Special rules of classification

Removable part or structure with replaceable elements because of wearing is classified in F27D 2001/005.

{Means to prevent heat conduction}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Linings or walls comprising heat shields, e.g. heat shields

F27D 1/0033

{Means to assemble at least two parts of a furnace or of any device or accessory associated to its use}
Special rules of classification

Assembling elements for supports for linings are classified in F27D 1/145.

{Means to assemble a moving part to a fixed one}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Linings or walls comprising expansion joints or means to restrain expansion due to thermic flows

F27D 1/0023

Removable covers

F27D 1/1808

Movement of the container or support of the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities

F27D 2003/0085

Crowns; Roofs
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Crowns and roofs in combustion chambers

F23M 5/06

Monolithic linings; Supports therefor
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Supports for linings

F27D 1/14

Heat-exchange apparatus

F28D 1/00 - F28D 21/00

incorporating cooling arrangements
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Assemblies of tubular heat-exchange elements in general

F28F 1/00

Supports for linings (supports for monolithic linings F27D 1/10)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Supports for monolithic linings

F27D 1/10

Making or repairing linings {; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Equipment used for making or repairing linings, e.g. by flame gunning

C21C 5/441, C21C 5/443

{Hanging doors and walls}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Partitions

F27D 99/007

Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Conveyors in general

B65G

Charging of the electric steel-manufacturing furnace

C21C 5/527

Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically or in which the charge moves by gravity

F27B 9/00

Path of the charge through the furnace during treatment; Means by which the charge is moved through the furnace during treatment

F27B 9/14

{involving positioning devices, e.g. buffers, buffer zones}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Regulation involving the control of the conveyor movement, e.g. speed or sequences

F27D 2019/0059

Regulation using position sensors

F27D 2019/0071

Disposition of the charge in a push furnace type, workpieces being separated by a separating element

F27M 2002/016

{of metallic workpieces}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Charging, discharging and manipulation of charges in heat treatment furnaces, e.g. with rolls

C21D 9/0012, C21D 9/0018

{transport or conveyor rolls for furnaces; roller rails}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Rollers in rolling mills

B21B 39/00

Rolls in continuous casting

B22D 11/1287

Conveyor rolls in general

B65G 39/02, B65G 13/00, B65G 13/02, B65G 13/04

Roller conveyors for transporting glass sheets

C03B 35/16

Screw feeders; Screw dischargers
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Screw conveyors in general processes

B01J 8/0045

Screw conveyors in general

B65G 65/46, B65G 33/18, B65G 53/48

{for carrying pots}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means to collect the slag or spilled metal, e.g. vessels

F27D 2099/0095

Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing {or retaining} slag
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Closure equipment in casting melt-holding vessels

B22D 41/14, B22D 41/16, B22D 41/22, B22D 41/44

Tap-holes and repairing top-holes in steel making converters

C21C 5/4653, C21C 5/445

{Taphole forming equipment, e.g. boring machines, piercing tools}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Opening or sealing the tap-hole of blast furnaces

C21B 7/12

Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge (F27D 3/18 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier

F27D 3/18

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Injection assemblies for treating melt in ladles or runners before casting

B22D 1/005

Devices for accelerating or decelerating flow of the materials

B65G 53/58

Tuyeres for blast furnaces

C21B 7/16

Bottoms or tuyeres for converters

C21C 5/48

Burners or injectors for injecting pulverulent materials into the furnace

C21C 5/5217

Treating molten ferrous alloy by injecting powdered material

C21C 7/0037

Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Lances or injectors for steel production in converters

C21C 5/4606

Burners or injectors for injecting gas

C21C 5/5217

Supports, screens or the like for the charge within the furnace
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Travelling or movable supports

F27D 3/12

Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles

B28B 11/243

Supports, baskets, containers or covers for heat treatment of metal articles

C21D 9/0025

Details of grates for burning waste materials

F23H 17/00

Elements for supporting goods to be dried

F26B 25/185

{Treatment baskets for ceramic articles}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Heat treatment baskets for metallic articles

C21D 9/0025

{Shields for the charge}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Heat shields for linings

F27D 1/0033

Forming, maintaining or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

General devices for heat treatment with forced gas circulation

C21D 1/767

General devices for heat treatment under reduced pressure or vacuum

C21D 1/773

{Dampers}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Partitions used as registers

F27D 2099/0071

Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electric heating, per se

H05B

Ohmic resistance heating
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Ohmic resistance heating in general and specially adapted for furnaces

H05B 3/00, H05B 3/62, H05B 3/64

Disposition of electrodes
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Automatic control of temperature

G05D 23/00

Electric discharge apparatus

H01T

Arrangements for feeding or guiding electrodes

H05B 7/10

Automatic control of power by positioning of electrodes

H05B 7/144

{Preheating scrap}
References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Preheating of scrap for steel production

C21C 5/565

{comprising a cooling grate}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Cooling of discharged material comprising a cooling grate.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Conveyors in general comprising a cyclically-moving

B65G 25/00

Heat-exchange apparatus, whereby particulate material forming a bed, e.g. fluidised, on vibratory sieves

F28C 3/16

{in a vertical, e.g. annular, shaft}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Cooling discharged material on a rotary hearth

F27D 15/0273

Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Removing fumes in general

B08B 15/00

Heat-exchangers, per se

F28

Arrangements for extraction or collection of waste gases; Hoods therefor
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Removing fumes in general

B08B 15/00

Removal of waste gases or dust coming from steel making converters

C21C 5/38

{specially adapted for electric arc furnaces}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Working up flue dust

C22B 7/02

Arrangements of controlling devices
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Arrangement of controlling devices in shaft furnaces

F27B 1/26

Arrangement of controlling devices in hearth type furnaces

F27B 3/28

Arrangement of controlling devices in muffle furnaces

F27B 5/18

Arrangement of controlling devices in rotary drum furnaces

F27B 7/42

Arrangement of controlling devices in tunnel furnaces

F27B 9/40

Arrangement of controlling devices in ring type furnaces

F27B 13/14

Arrangement of controlling devices in crucible or pot furnaces

F27B 14/20

Arrangement of controlling devices in fluidized bed furnaces

F27B 15/18

Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Test rods or other checking devices in blast furnaces

C21B 7/24

Measuring and sampling devices in steel making converters

C21C 5/4673, C21C 2005/5288

Arrangement of monitoring devices in shaft furnaces

F27B 1/28

Arrangement of monitoring devices in hearth type furnaces

F27B 3/28

Arrangement of monitoring devices in muffle furnaces

F27B 5/18

Arrangement of monitoring devices in rotary drum furnaces

F27B 7/42

Arrangement of monitoring devices in tunnel furnaces

F27B 9/40

Arrangement of monitoring devices in ring type furnaces

F27B 13/14

Arrangement of monitoring devices in crucible or pot furnaces

F27B 14/20

Arrangement of monitoring devices in fluidized bed furnaces

F27B 15/18

Measuring temperature and heat quantity in general

G01K 1/00 - G01K 19/00

{comprising breaking tools, e.g. hammers, drills, scrapers}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Devices for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust, comprising breaking tools like hammers, drills, scrapers.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Breaking away linings

F27D 1/1694

Boring machines for forming tapholes

F27D 3/1527

Stirring devices for molten material (charging or discharging liquid or molten material F27D 3/14)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Charging or discharging liquid or molten material

F27D 3/14

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Mixers in general

B01F 25/00 - B01F 33/00

General processes of refining of metals

C22B 9/00

Obtaining aluminium by refining

C22B 21/06

Electrodynamic pumps

H02K 44/02

Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details or accessories not covered by any preceding group

{Electric heating elements or system}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electric heating in general

H05B 1/00 - H05B 7/225

{using burners}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Melting glass by combustion with oxygen

C03B 5/2353

Manufacture of steel in electric arc furnaces equipped with burners

C21C 5/5217

Burners in general for combustion of gas

F23D 14/00

Burners in general for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel

F23D 17/00

{Using an air-lock}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state using an air-lock

F27D 3/0032

{Means to collect the slag or spilled metal, e.g. vessels}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Charging cars or lift trolleys for carrying pots

F27D 2003/127