CPC Definition - Subclass F22B
This place covers:
This subclass covers general aspects of, or methods for, steam generation. Methods of steam generation characterised by the form of heating method, constructional features of steam boilers, control systems for steam boilers and all component parts or details of steam boilers are covered. Thereby this subclass is limited in only methods of, or apparatus for, the generation of steam under pressure for heating or power purposes.
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cooking vessels | |
Apparatus for making beverages | |
Baking; Roasting; Grilling; Frying | |
Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls or wall coverings with arrangements for steam generation | |
Bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes | |
Chemical or physical apparatus for generating gases | |
Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid steam | |
Washing machines with steam generation | |
Hand irons | |
Reciprocating piston steam engines | |
Removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion residues, e.g. cleaning furnace tubes | |
Generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity | |
Water heaters not for steam generation | |
Heat exchange or heat transfer in general | |
Cleaning of internal or external surfaces of heat-transfer conduits, e.g. water tubes of boilers | |
Nuclear power plant |
Attention is drawn to the definition of "steam" and "vapour". In cases where a specific entry for vapour is missing, documents related to special vapours are classified in groups where only "steam" is explicitly mentioned.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
once-through boiler | type of boiler in which water is input at one side, and steam is extracted from the other side of the flow path |
forced-flow boiler | type of boiler in which a pump ensures flow |
forced-once-through boiler | combination of a once-through and a forced-flow boiler (a pump ensures flow of a boiler in which water is input at one side, and steam is extracted from the other side of the flow path) |
forced-circulation boiler | type of boiler in which recirculation is achieved by a circulation pump |
natural-circulation boiler | type of boiler in which the circulation is achieved by the difference in density of the heated water in the boiler causing convection currents |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
HRSG | Heat Recovery Steam Generator |
CFCB | Circulated Fluidized Combustion Bed |
PFCB | Pressurized Fluidized Combustion Bed |
AFCB | Atmospheric classic Fluidized Combustion Bed (Bubbling bed) |
This place covers:
Methods of steam generation
- using combustion of hydrogen with oxygen,
- using solar heat,
- by the exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers, for example, the heat carrier being hot slag, hot residues or heated blocks of the heat carrier being molten like a molten metal, the heat carrier being hot liquid or hot vapour (i.e. steam), the heat carrier being a hot gas (i.e. waste gas or exhaust gas),
- using heat evolved in a solution absorbing steam, for example soda steam boilers,
- using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure,
- boilers heated electrically.
Jackets or other cooling means in which steam is generated, and which serve for cooling other apparatus, are classified in the places for that apparatus.
Use of waste heat of combustion engines, in general, is classified in F02G, solar heat collectors per se in F24S, heat pipes in F28D 15/02. When steam is produced and explicitly mentioned as being superheated steam, F22G should be consulted.
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Steam power plants using electrical heat | |
Power plants using steam created by combustion of hydrogen with oxygen |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Methods involving the use of working media other than water, drop in pressure and transforming mechanical energy into heat energy | |
Methods of steam generation at critical or supercritical pressure values | |
Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy | |
Solar power plants | |
Superheating of steam | |
Superheating using an electrical heat source independent from heat supply of the steam boiler | |
Solar heat collectors; Solar heat systems, e.g. use of solar heat |
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Power plants using steam created by combustion of hydrogen with oxygen |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy |
This place does not cover:
Steam generation methods in nuclear reactors with heating tubes, as long as they are not classified according to a specified heating fluid, in another group |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Heat-exchange apparatus for nuclear applications |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Heat-pipes per se |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Engine plants with two or more engines with thermally coupled engine cycles driven by different fluids, in which combustion heat from the exhaust fluid of one cycle heats the fluid in another cycle | |
Using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves | |
Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for |
This place covers:
Steam boilers of the submerged-flame type, i.e. the flame being surrounded by, or impinging on, the water to be vaporised, e.g. water in sprays.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Steam superheating using an electrical heat source independent from heat supply of the steam boiler |
This place covers:
Steam generation and steam boilers involving working media other than water, steam generation by drop in pressure of high-pressure hot water within pressure reducing chambers, by transformation of mechanical (kinetic) energy into heat energy and steam generation at critical or supercritical pressure values.
Methods for superheating steam are classified in F22G.
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Steam engine plants characterised by the use of special working fluids |
This place covers:
Steam boilers containing a closed vessel designed to withstand internal pressure for generating steam. The drum is contacted externally by flue gases. This place also covers old documents (state of the art, which basis is not up to date, for example basic techniques used at the beginning of the 19th century) with big rotating drums, documents with auxiliary water tubes outside the boiler body and components and accessories of the drum.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Instantaneous boiler with rotating heat exchange elements | |
Steam generation plants with a boiler of furnace-tube type and a boiler of water-tube type | |
Covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general |
This place covers:
Boilers in which combustion of fuel is performed inside one or more furnace-tubes running through a sealed container of water. Combustion heat is transferred through the walls of the tubes by thermal conduction, thereby heating water and creating steam. This place also covers steam boilers of furnace-tube type with auxiliary water tubes inside the furnace tube and outside the boiler body, with auxiliary fire tubes and component parts of the boiler, for example walling of flues.
The following types of steam boilers are covered by the following classification places:
- Steam boilers of drum type are classified in F22B 5/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-tube type are classified in F22B 9/00.
- Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type are classified in F22B 11/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-box type are classified in F22B 13/00.
- Steam boilers of water-tube type are classified in F22B 15/00, F22B 17/00, F22B 19/00 and F22B 23/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Steam generation plants comprising boilers of water-tube type in mutual association with a boiler of furnace-tube type | |
Steam generation plants comprising boilers of furnace-tube type in mutual association with a boiler of fire-tube type | |
Flue or fire tubes; Accessories therefor, e.g. fire-tube inserts | |
Auxiliary devices for promoting water circulation fitted to furnace tubes |
Steam boilers with drums having a furnace tube or a furnace box also in combination with drums contacted externally with flue gases should be classified in F22B 7/00 and F22B 13/005. This applies also to boilers with special shape of furnace tube and subsequent flue.
This place covers:
Boilers in which hot flue gases from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body, said body being a sealed container, are channelled through tubes built-in the boiler body that are surrounded by the fluid to be heated. Heat of the gases is transferred through the walls of the tubes by thermal conduction, heating the water and creating steam. This place also covers arrangements of the fire tubes and the boiler as well as components of the boiler itself.
The following types of steam boilers are covered by the following classification places:
- Steam boilers of drum type are classified in F22B 5/00.
- Steam boilers of furnace-tube type are classified in F22B 7/00.
- Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type are classified in F22B 11/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-box type are classified in F22B 13/00.
- Steam boilers of water-tube type are classified in F22B 15/00, F22B 17/00, F22B 19/00 and F22B 23/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Methods of steam generation with heating tubes in which flows a non-specified heating fluid | |
Methods of steam generation with hit gas heating tube boilers with one or more heating tubes | |
Steam generation plants comprising boilers of furnace-tube type in mutual association with a boiler of fire-tube type | |
Steam generation plants comprising boilers of water-tube type in mutual association with a boiler of fire-tube type | |
Flue or fire tubes; Accessories therefor, e.g. fire-tube inserts |
In this group boilers which are mainly of fire-tube type are classified. If the boiler contains also water tubes, the boiler is considered of being a combined fire-tube and water-tube boiler. Concerned documents should be classified in F22B 11/00.
This place covers:
All combinations of the steam boilers of fire-tube type with steam boilers of water-tube type consisting of a fire-tube boiler with auxiliary water tubes or a water-tube boiler having auxiliary fire tubes in a water or steam containing vessel. This place also covers boilers with fire tubes being in upright and horizontal arrangement.
The following types of steam boilers are covered by the following classification places:
- Steam boilers of drum type are classified in F22B 5/00.
- Steam boilers of furnace-tube type are classified in F22B 7/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-tube type are classified in F22B 9/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-box type are classified in F22B 13/00.
- Steam boilers of water-tube type are classified in F22B 15/00, F22B 17/00, F22B 19/00 and F22B 23/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Steam boilers of drum type with auxiliary water tubes outside the boiler body | |
Steam boilers of furnace-type with auxiliary water tubes | |
Steam boilers of furnace-type with auxiliary fire tubes | |
Steam boilers of furnace-type with auxiliary fire tubes and auxiliary water tubes | |
Steam boilers of fire-box type with flues other than fire tubes and with auxiliary water tubes inside the fire box | |
Steam boilers of fire-box type with auxiliary water tubes inside the fire box |
This place covers:
Boilers in which combustion of fuel is performed inside a chamber called a fire box, including fire tubes of flues attached to the wall of the fire-box that carry the hot gaseous products of combustion through the boiler water, heating it, before the gaseous products escape to the atmosphere. Both the fire-box and fire tubes are built-in in the boiler body. This place covers locomotive boilers, fire-box boiler with flues other than fire tubes and component parts of said boilers.
The following types of steam boilers are covered by the following classification places:
- Steam boilers of drum type are classified in F22B 5/00.
- Steam boilers of furnace-tube type are classified in F22B 7/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-tube type are classified in F22B 9/00.
- Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type are classified in F22B 11/00.
- Steam boilers of water-tube type are classified in F22B 15/00, F22B 17/00, F22B 19/00 and F22B 23/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Modifications of boiler construction with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of shell type (furnace-box) | |
Modifications of boiler construction with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of shell type (furnace-box) with auxiliary water tubes | |
Steam generation plants comprising boilers of water-tube type in mutual association with a boiler of furnace-tube type | |
Steam generation plants comprising boilers of furnace-tube type in mutual association with a boiler of fire-tube type | |
Flue or fire tubes; Accessories therefor, e.g. fire-tube inserts | |
Water heaters with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber including one or more furnace or fire tubes |
This place covers:
Details and constructional features of water-tube boilers in which water circulates in tubes heated externally and characterised by strictly horizontal arranged water tubes or water tube walls.
The following other types of steam boilers are covered by the following classification places:
- Steam boilers of drum type are classified in F22B 5/00.
- Steam boilers of furnace-tube type are classified in F22B 7/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-tube type are classified in F22B 9/00.
- Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type are classified in F22B 11/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-box type are classified in F22B 13/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane | |
Water-tube boilers of combined horizontally-inclined type and vertical type, i.e. water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type having auxiliary water-tube sets in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement | |
Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically | |
Water-tube boilers built up from sets of spaced double-walled water tubes | |
Water-tube boilers built up from sets of water tubes with internally-arranged flue tubes or fire tubes | |
Fluid heaters with water tube or tubes |
This place covers:
Details, constructional features and component parts of water-tube boilers in which water circulates in tubes heated externally and characterised by horizontally-inclined water tubes or water tube walls.
If the water-tube sets are inclined horizontally, then group F22B 15/00 should be considered.
The following other types of steam boilers are covered by the following classification places:
- Steam boilers of drum type are classified in F22B 5/00.
- Steam boilers of furnace-tube type are classified in F22B 7/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-tube type are classified in F22B 9/00.
- Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type are classified in F22B 11/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-box type are classified in F22B 13/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Water-tube boilers of horizontal type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged horizontally | |
Water-tube boilers of combined horizontally-inclined type and vertical type, i.e. water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type having auxiliary water-tube sets in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement | |
Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically | |
Water-tube boilers built up from sets of spaced double-walled water tubes | |
Water-tube boilers built up from sets of water tubes with internally-arranged flue tubes or fire tubes | |
Fluid heaters with water tube or tubes |
This place covers:
Details, constructional features and component parts of water-tube boilers in which water circulates in tubes heated externally and characterised by horizontally inclined water-tube sets being connected to or having also an auxiliary water-tube set with vertical or substantially vertical water tubes.
The following other types of steam boilers are covered by the following classification places:
- Steam boilers of drum type are classified in F22B 5/00.
- Steam boilers of furnace-tube type are classified in F22B 7/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-tube type are classified in F22B 9/00.
- Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type are classified in F22B 11/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-box type are classified in F22B 13/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Water-tube boilers of horizontal type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged horizontally | |
Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane | |
Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically | |
Water-tube boilers built up from sets of spaced double-walled water tubes | |
Water-tube boilers built up from sets of water tubes with internally-arranged flue tubes or fire tubes | |
Fluid heaters with water tube or tubes |
This place covers:
Details, constructional features and component parts of water-tube boilers in which water circulates in tubes heated externally and characterised by vertically or substantially vertically water tubes or water tube walls. This place covers straight water tubes and serpentine, helical bent in U-loop or spirally formed water tubes disposed vertically.
The following other types of steam boilers are covered by the following classification places:
- Steam boilers of drum type are classified in F22B 5/00.
- Steam boilers of furnace-tube type are classified in F22B 7/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-tube type are classified in F22B 9/00.
- Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type are classified in F22B 11/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-box type are classified in F22B 13/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Water-tube boilers of horizontal type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged horizontally | |
Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane | |
Water-tube boilers of combined horizontally-inclined type and vertical type, i.e. water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type having auxiliary water-tube sets in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement | |
Water-tube boilers built up from sets of spaced double-walled water tubes | |
Water-tube boilers built up from sets of water tubes with internally-arranged flue tubes or fire tubes | |
Fluid heaters with water tube or tubes |
This place covers:
Details, constructional features and component parts of water-tube boilers in which water circulates in tubes heated externally and characterised by sets of spaced double-walled water tubes of return type in unilateral abutting connection with a boiler drum or with a header box forming for example an annular flow.
The following other types of steam boilers are covered by the following classification places:
- Steam boilers of drum type are classified in F22B 5/00.
- Steam boilers of furnace-tube type are classified in F22B 7/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-tube type are classified in F22B 9/00.
- Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type are classified in F22B 11/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-box type are classified in F22B 13/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Water-tube boilers of horizontal type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged horizontally | |
Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane | |
Water-tube boilers of combined horizontally-inclined type and vertical type, i.e. water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type having auxiliary water-tube sets in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement | |
Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically | |
Water-tube boilers built up from sets of water tubes with internally-arranged flue tubes or fire tubes | |
Steam superheaters with steam tubes with steam flowing in opposite directions in one pipe | |
Steam superheaters with annular steam tubes, i.e. the steam being heated between concentric tubes with the heating fluid flowing in inner and around tube | |
Fluid heaters with water tube or tubes |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Heat-exchange tubes in general |
This place covers:
Details, constructional features and component parts of water-tube boilers in which water circulates in tubes heated externally and characterised by sets of water tubes with internally arranged flue tubes or fire tubes forming thereby an annular flow of the water to be evaporated.
The following other types of steam boilers are covered by the following classification places:
- Steam boilers of drum type are classified in F22B 5/00.
- Steam boilers of furnace-tube type are classified in F22B 7/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-tube type are classified in F22B 9/00.
- Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type are classified in F22B 11/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-box type are classified in F22B 13/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Water-tube boilers of horizontal type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged horizontally | |
Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane | |
Water-tube boilers of combined horizontally-inclined type and vertical type, i.e. water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type having auxiliary water-tube sets in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement | |
Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically | |
Water-tube boilers built up from sets of spaced double-walled water tubes | |
Steam superheaters with steam tubes with steam flowing in opposite directions in one pipe | |
Steam superheaters with steam tubes with annular steam tubes | |
Fluid heaters with water tube or tubes |
This place covers:
All steam generators and steam generation methods with an instant steam generation process including flash steam boilers. This place covers instantaneous steam boilers built up from fire tubes, from water tubes, from rotary heat-exchange elements or from heat-exchange elements arranged within a confined chamber having heat retaining walls and steam boilers with spray nozzles for sprinkling or injecting water particles on to or into hot heat-exchange elements.
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Steam engine plants with steam generation in engine-cylinders |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Steam generation using heat accumulators | |
Steam boilers heated electrically with water in sprays or in films | |
Instantaneous electrical steam generators built up from heat exchange elements arranged within a confined chamber having heat retaining walls | |
Steam boiler of drum type with rotating drums | |
Water-tube boiler of vertical type with water tubes bent in serpentine or sinuous form | |
Water-tube boiler of vertical type with water tubes bent helically | |
Water-tube boiler of vertical type with water tubes bent spirally | |
Control systems for instantaneous steam generators | |
Component parts or details of steam boilers specially adapted for steam boilers of instantaneous or flash type |
This place covers:
Steam boilers in which means are provided, such as a pump, in order to ensure the flow of the working medium. This place covers details, component parts and arrangements of steam boilers of forced-circulation type, steam boilers of combination type in which natural flow (convection circulation) is promoted by additional measures and boilers of once-through type in which flow is forced (forced once through boilers).
Water-tube boilers of horizontal type (F22B 15/00) are normally steam boilers of forced-flow type and Water-tube boilers of vertical type (F22B 21/00) are normally boilers of natural convection type.
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Steam plants with engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Steam generation at critical or supercritical pressure values | |
Water-tube boilers of vertical type with water tubes bent helically | |
Water-tube boilers of vertical type with water tubes bent spirally | |
Steam boilers built up from water tubes surrounding the combustion chamber (radiation boilers) | |
Steam-generation plants with combinations of boilers having a single combustor in common | |
Control systems of steam boilers with natural convection circulation | |
Supply means for steam boilers with vertically and horizontally or helically disposed water tubes | |
Details and component parts specially adapted for boilers of forced-flow type | |
Details of boilers of forced-flow type with vertically disposed water tubes | |
Details of boilers of forced-flow type with horizontally disposed water tubes | |
Devices for promoting water circulation in preheaters by injecting water or steam |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
once-through boiler | type of boiler in which water is input at one side, and steam is extracted from the other side of the flow path |
forced-flow boiler | type of boiler in which a pump ensures flow |
forced-once-through boiler | combination of a once-through and a forced-flow boiler (a pump ensures flow of a boiler in which water is input at one side, and steam is extracted from the other side of the flow path) |
forced-circulation boiler | type of boiler in which recirculation is achieved by a circulation pump |
natural-circulation boiler | type of boiler in which the circulation is achieved by the difference in density of the heated water in the boiler causing convection currents |
This place covers:
Forced-flow steam boilers of forced-circulation, i.e. recirculation type.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Forced-flow steam boilers of once-through type |
This place does not cover:
Combinations of low- and high-pressure boilers of forced-flow type |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Forced-flow steam boilers of forced-circulation type |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
With recirculation during normal operation |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Evaporation or evaporation apparatus for physical or chemical purposes, e.g. evaporation of liquids for gas phase reactions |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Evaporation or evaporation apparatus for physical or chemical purposes, e.g. evaporation of liquids for gas phase reactions |
This place covers:
Modifications of boiler construction or of tube systems dependent on the installation of combustion apparatus, for example:
- boilers with combustion in a fluidized bed (boilers of water-tube type, constructional features of bed cooling, control systems thereof, details concerning the recirculation of the fluidized bed particles),
- installation of water-tube boilers in chimneys,
- heat supply by installation of two or more combustion apparatus, and
- installations of heat exchangers in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion.
Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles and apparatus for such processes are covered by B01J 8/00. Fluidized bed combustion apparatus per se are covered by group F23C 10/00 and fluidised bed furnaces by group F27B 15/00.
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Steam engine plants having heaters using heat from a specified chemical reaction | |
Steam engine plants having heaters with heating by separately fired heaters | |
Plants in which combustion heat from one cycle is heating the fluid in the other cycle and where the combustion is performed in a fluidised bed |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Steam generation characterised by heating method | |
Waste heat boiler with supplementary firing, the hot gas being loaded with particles | |
Feed water heaters with water and air preheating systems | |
Steam superheaters using heat generated by chemical reactions | |
Combustion apparatus per se | |
Heating of air supplied for combustion | |
Heat exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
FBC | Fluidized Bed Combustion |
PFBC | Pressurised Fluidized Bed Combustion |
APFBC | Advanced Pressurised Fluidized Bed Combustion |
GFBCC | Gasification Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined cycle systems |
CHIPPS | Combustion-based High Performance Power System |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fluidised bed apparatus per se | |
Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles |
This place covers:
Steam generation plants in the meaning of devices for the generation of steam with other apparatus in mutual association with the steam boilers. Steam boilers of different types in mutual association having a single combustion apparatus in common, e.g. combinations of:
- boilers of furnace-tube type with boilers of water-tube type,
- boilers of furnace-tube type with boilers of fire-tube type,
- boilers of water-tube type with boilers of fire-tube type,
- two or more superposed boilers,
self-contained boilers comprising as a unit the steam boiler, the combustor and fuel storage accessory machines,
combinations of low- and high-pressure boilers, and
combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus, like a condenser, a chemical reactor or other are also covered.
Steam engine plants related to the thermodynamic cycle and focused in power generation are classified in F01K.
The following types of steam boilers are covered by the following classification places:
- Steam boilers of drum type are classified in F22B 5/00.
- Steam boilers of furnace-tube type are classified in F22B 7/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-tube type are classified in F22B 9/00.
- Steam boilers of combined fire-tube type and water-tube type are classified in F22B 11/00.
- Steam boilers of fire-box type are classified in F22B 13/00.
- Steam boilers of water-tube type are classified in F22B 15/00, F22B 17/00, F22B 19/00 and F22B 23/00.
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Arrangements or dispositions of steam-generation plants in marine vessels | |
Steam engine plants having separately fired heaters delivering steam to a common mains | |
Steam engine plants having separately fired heaters delivering steam at different pressure levels |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Steam boilers of fire-box type with combinations of low- and high-pressure locomotive boilers |
Documents which contain a boiler of combined water-tube and fire-tube type should be classified in F22B 11/00. Subgroup F22B 33/08 covers steam generation plants comprising several boilers having a single combustion apparatus in common where at least one boiler is a boiler of water-tube type and at least another is a boiler of fire-tube type.
This place covers:
Control system of steam boilers in general, for example, control by flue gas dampers, control by recirculating flue gases, control systems for steam generators of nuclear power plants, control systems for instantaneous steam boilers, control systems for waste heat boilers, control systems for two or more steam generators, control systems for steam boilers with natural convection circulation and control systems for steam boilers of forced-flow type.
This place does not cover:
Controlling water feed or water level | |
Automatic water-feed control for a number of steam boilers designed for different ranges of temperature and pressure | |
Controlling superheat temperature | |
Controlling superheat temperature by regulating flue gas flow | |
Controlling superheat temperature by recirculating flue gases | |
Controlling superheat temperature by attemperating the superheated steam | |
Controlling superheat temperature by indirectly cooling or heating the superheated steam in auxiliary enclosed heat exchanger |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Steam boilers of once-through type operating with superimposed recirculation during starting and low load periods | |
Safety devices for boilers in general | |
Regulation or control of steam power plants | |
Emergency feed water supply | |
Control of combustion | |
Control of steam power plants | |
Control of nuclear reaction | |
Control of nuclear power plant |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
once-through boiler | type of boiler in which water is input at one side, and steam is extracted from the other side of the flow path |
forced-flow boiler | type of boiler in which a pump ensures flow |
forced-once-through boiler | combination of a once-through and a forced-flow boiler (a pump ensures flow of a boiler in which water is input at one side, and steam is extracted from the other side of the flow path) |
forced-circulation boiler | type of boiler in which recirculation is achieved by a circulation pump |
natural-circulation boiler | type of boiler in which the circulation is achieved by the difference in density of the heated water in the boiler causing convection currents |
This place covers:
Component parts or details of steam boilers categorised in these groups:
- of steam generators built up from pre-fabricated elements,
- of nuclear steam generators including maintenance or repairing,
- applicable to more than one kind of steam boiler,
- specially adapted for steam boilers of instantaneous or flash type,
- specially adapted for steam boilers of forced-flow type,
- adaptations or mounting of devices for observing existence or direction of fluid flow,
- adaptations or mounting of level indicators.
This place, which is applicable to more than one kind of steam boiler and which could be applied also to nuclear steam boilers, steam boilers of pre-fabricated elements, instantaneous type boilers and forced-flow type boilers, covers:
- steam boilers characterised by material,
- accessories of flue or fire tubes,
- accessories of water tubes,
- accessories of drums or headers,
- arrangements for supporting, suspending or setting,
- steam separating arrangements,
- adaptation of boilers for promoting water circulation,
- arrangements for sheathing or casing boilers,
- devices and methods for determining or indicating operation conditions,
- arrangements of partition walls in flues of steam boilers,
- applications of alarm or automatic safety devices,
- devices and methods for removing water, salt or sludge,
- boiler cleaning control devices,
- methods and tools for removing tubes from headers or drums.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Steam generator using hot slag, hot residues with double-wall tubes | |
Furnace tubes of furnace-tube type boilers | |
Vertical water-tube boilers with frames built from water tubes | |
Component parts of water tubes surrounding the combustion chamber | |
Venting devices | |
Devices for use where pipes pass through walls or partitions | |
Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses | |
Protection of tubes against external or internal damage or wear | |
Steam traps or like apparatus | |
Radiant superheaters | |
Connecting or sealing of superheater or reheater tubes with collectors or distributors | |
Baffles, screens or deflectors formed of water tubes | |
Details for water heaters | |
Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes and conduits of heat exchangers | |
Surface treatment or coating for heat exchangers | |
Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion from heat exchangers | |
Decontamination of radioactive contaminated objects |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Walking mechanism per se |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Working or processing of metal tubes | |
Pipes in general | |
Repairing leaks in water tubes | |
Removing solid combustion residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire | |
Baffles or deflectors formed as tubes in combustion chambers of water-tube boilers | |
Cleaning of internal or external surfaces of heat-exchange or heat-transfer conduits, e.g. water tubes of boilers |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Pipes, joints or fittings therefor, in general |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Devices for use where pipes, cables or protective tubing pass through walls or partitions |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Protection of pipes against external or internal damage or wear in general |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Boiler plugs for drums or headers |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Tube walls of combustion chambers |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making boilers from sheet metal | |
Pressure vessels in general | |
Covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Closures for access openings in return bends |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Frames, casings or beds of engines, machines or apparatus |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia or centrifugal forces | |
Apparatus using free vortex flow, e.g. cyclones, in general |
This place does not cover:
Auxiliary devices for promoting water circulation |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Thermosiphons for steam boilers of the fire-box type |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring volume, volume flow, mass flow or liquid level in general |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fittings for chimneys or flues of combustion apparatus |
This place does not cover:
Safety devices for feed-water heaters | |
Emergency feed-water supply |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fire-fighting in general | |
Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires | |
Alarms responsive to undesired or abnormal conditions in general |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Safety valves per se |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fire-fighting, fire extinction in general |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alarms or devices responsive to abnormal temperature per se |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Valves in general |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Tube walls of combustion chambers |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring speed of fluids in general | |
Indicating or recording presence or direction of movement in general |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Level indicators per se |