Outdoor pavements and their foundations:

Machines and methods for making, placing, working or repairing road surfacing and its foundations.

Further details of paving elements not covered by the groups E01C 5/00, E01C 9/00 and E01C 11/00, e.g. spacing features, interlocking, joining or drainage details are additionally classified in E01C 2201/00.

Further machine characteristics, parts or accessories not covered by the groups E01C 19/00, E01C 21/00, E01C 23/00, i.e. feeding devices for pavers, heated screeds, extendable screeds, screed or paver accessories and cabin details are additionally classified in E01C 2301/00.

Outdoor paving surfaces made of, or comprising synthetic grass are always classified in E01C 13/08, even when not disclosed as being adapted for sports.

General layout of roads incl.

Arrangements of foundations; Use of special materials for building up the foundation layers of the road; Protecting foundations from destructive influences.

E01C 3/02 is not used: Concrete base for bituminous paving made in situ is usually classified in E01C 7/32 and in the relevant sub-groups of E01C 7/08.

E01C 3/02 is not used.

The covering of roads or sidewalks consisting of prefabricated single units:

Prefabricated foundation elements and individual couplings for these paving units.

Prefabricated paving units for sidewalk are generally classified here if they concern paving slabs for forming the surface covering the sidewalk; if they concern special paving elements or sets for forming the sidewalk itself, then they should be classified in E01C 15/00.

Paving elements consisting of material not defined or consisting of several possible different materials should be classified in E01C 5/00.

Paving elements consisting of al least two different materials in one element, e.g. rubber topping over concrete layer, should be classified in E01C 5/22.

Details within the paving unit itself concerning special surface design, special paving arrangements, drainage or interconnection should also be classified in E01C 2201/00.

Roads surfaces including road toppings, consisting of coherent paving made at the place of use, the road surfaces being made of road-metal with or without binders or by subjecting soil to stabilisation.

Repairing of concrete or bituminous roads.

Foundations for paving made in situ are usually classified in E01C 3/00, except of concrete base foundation for bituminous paving, which is classified in E01C 7/32 and in the relevant sub-groups of E01C 7/08.

If the chemical aspect of the composition of the concrete or bituminous paving layer is relevant it should normally belong to C04B or C08L 95/00 and not to E01C 7/00.

Classes E01C 7/20, E01C 7/22 and E01C 7/24 are not used.

If the coherent paving is made of courses of different kind made in situ, it should be classified in E01C 7/32, except for thin intermediate or thin surface layers such as surface dressing, which should be classified in the relevant sub-groups of E01C 7/35.

Paving elements poured in situ.

Coverings, the surface of which consists partly of prefabricated units and partly of sections made in situ.

Pavings for special parts of roads or with special functionality, incl.:

Details of special paving should also be classified in the relevant sub-groups of E01C 5/00, E01C 11/00 and/or E01C 2201/00.

Methods or materials for repairing paving.

Details of paving incl.:

Gutters for roads are normally classified in the relevant sub-groups of E01C 11/22, but if the invention relates to gully gratings, gullies adapted to be used with kerbs or interconnections of pipes with gutters, then it should be classified in E03F.

Methods or arrangements for preventing slipperiness or protecting against influences of the weather are normally classified in E01C 11/24 if they concern methods or arrangements applying within the paving itself, such as use of special additives to the paving material or permanently installed heating elements. If they concern methods or arrangements applying on the surface such as spreading gripping or thawing materials, then they should be classified in E01H 10/00 or in E01C 19/20 if they concern spreading machines for wintry services, which are not specially adapted for treating wintry roads but could also be used for spreading other materials.

Pavings for playgrounds or sports grounds (made of prefabricated single units or in situ) and their foundations, also including:

Details of paving should also be classified in the relevant sub-groups of E01C 5/00, E01C 11/00 and/or E01C 2201/00, if necessary.

Specially adapted paving elements or systems for footpaths, sidewalks or cycle tracks, such as:

a walkway or cycle track in the countryside, see for example US4176982:

a set of paving elements for constructing an elevated walkway, see for example WO2008025201:

or a tactile walk path, see for example US2009162143:

Lamp constructions incorporated in pavings or paving elements, e.g. paving block or tile.

Devices or methods for preparing and/or applying paving material, and/or consolidating and/or finishing the road surface.

Devices for guiding or controlling the machines along a predetermined path.

Removable forms or shutterings for road-building purposes.

Devices or arrangements for forming individual paving elements, e.g. kerbs or by sectioning a freshly laid slab, in situ.

Apparatus for laying individual preformed surfacing elements.

The devices or methods for placing paving material treat paving material as such and not joint material, curing means, prefabricated underlays, reinforcing elements or traffic markings, which are classified in the relevant sub-groups of E01C 23/00.

The devices or methods for finishing the road surface are devices for smoothing, roughening or patterning freshly laid paving. Devices for working existing road surfaces are classified in E01C 23/06. Devices for making grooves or like channels in not-yet-hardened paving, or for curing, heating or drying paving are classified in the relevant sub-groups of E01C 23/00.

Spreaders for gripping or thawing materials are also classified in the relevant sub-groups of E01C 19/20, if they concern spreaders for wintry services, which are not specially adapted for treating wintry roads but could also be used for spreading other materials. If they are specially adapted for that use, they are classified in E01H 10/00.

Only the sub-groups of E01C 19/50 are used, E01C 19/50 itself is not used.

E01C 19/20 and its lower groups are subdivided by way of spreading. Classifying additional information in E01C 19/20.

Apparatus or methods focussed on work carried out on existing surfaces, like roughening, cutting, reconditioning or marking out.

Devices for setting-out or checking the configuration of new surfacing; Applications of apparatus for measuring, indicating, or recording the surface configuration of existing surfacing.

Devices for making, treating or filling grooves in not-yet-hardened paving; Devices for introducing inserts or removable insert-supports in not-yet-hardened paving.

Arrangements for curing paving; Devices for applying curing means; Devices for laying prefabricated underlay; Protecting paving under construction or while curing.

Devices for laying reinforcing elements or dowel bars; Removable support for reinforcing elements; Devices for making essentially horizontal ducts in paving.

Devices for installing or removing forms.

Devices for heating or drying foundation, paving, or materials thereon.

Devices for working existing road surfaces are classified in the relevant sub-groups of E01C 23/06. Devices for smoothing, roughening or patterning freshly laid paving are classified in E01C 19/42 - E01C 19/44.

Milling drums for working road surfaces are classified in E01C 23/088; however, if the invention concerns the cutter bits as such, then it should be classified in B28D 1/186.

Filling potholes is classified in E01C 23/06 if the potholes are filled with new material, and in E01C 23/065 if the potholes are filled with material which has been reprocessed in place.