Tyres including a chemical composition, i.e. a chemical substance or a combination of chemical substances, or a physical arrangement or mixture of the composition, exhibiting an essential or distinctive attribute to enhance the general structural characteristics of the tyre.

Examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Table above shows a composition of a rubber side wall stock.

The presence of the nickel dibutyl dithiocarbamate in the composition improves sidewall ozone checking resistance.

2.

A liner composition comprises a blend of a sulfur-vulcanisable elastomeric material with a partially-refined precured rubbery copolymer of a major proportion of an isoolefin having from four to seven carbon atoms with a minor proportion of an open-chain aliphatic conjugated diolefin having from four to eight carbon atoms. The liner of such composition provides excellent resistance to air diffusion and may be directly bonded to the rubbery body of the article merely by vulcanising the liner in contact with the rubbery body portion, thereby eliminating the necessity of using a tie gum or adhesive in adhering the liner to the rubbery body. Furthermore, the liner has an excellent resistance to chafing and may be manufactured in numerous colours.

Tyres characterised by physical properties, e.g. modulus, tan delta or dimensions of the tyre component made from the chemical composition are also classified elsewhere in B60C as appropriate:

Subject matter wherein the chemical composition is provided as an inner liner, i.e. an integral layer or coating which has a relatively high resistance to the diffusion of inflation medium, e.g. air, at the inflation medium contacting surface of an inflatable pneumatic tyre.

Inflatable pneumatic tyres having a member performing the function of auto-repairing or self-sealing punctures characterised by the chemical composition are to be classified in B60C 19/12 unless the member is disclosed as also being the inner liner.

Subject matter wherein the chemical composition is located in a tread cap or tread base.

Tread is an outer part of a tyre that makes contact with the ground.

Subject matter wherein the chemical composition is located in at least one of the sidewalls, i.e. external parts of the tyre extending between the tread and rim-engaging portions, e.g. beads, and covering the carcass.

Subject matter wherein the chemical composition is located in the sidewall insert, i.e. a reinforcement layer which enables restricted operation of a pneumatic tyre in damaged or deflated condition.

Subject matter wherein the chemical composition is located in a carcass layer, i.e. a part of an inflatable pneumatic tyre exclusive of the tread, sidewalls and belts that forms the body of the tyre.

A carcass layer is usually made of reinforcement embedded in a matrix material, e.g. carcass coating rubber or topping rubber or skim rubber, and the chemical composition forms at least part of the matrix material.

Tyres distinguished by a mathematical relationship, e.g. equation or ratio, or an absolute dimension, e.g. radius of curvature, which mathematical relationship or absolute dimension describes the cross-sectional profile or cross-sectional shape of the tyre.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

3.

Documents which nominally fit within B60C 3/00 but otherwise fit in any of the areas listed below should be classified in the appropriate area listed below:

Subject matter under main group B60C 3/00 wherein a cross-section defined by a plane passing through the rotation axis of the tyre defines a continuous, circular-type configuration.

Example:

Subject matter under main group B60C 3/00 wherein the tyre is characterised by the relative dimensions of the section, e.g., section width, section height, and/or aspect ratio.

Example:

Subject matter under main group B60C 3/00 wherein the section does not have a plane longitudinally bisecting the section into mirror image halves, i.e. tyre equatorial plane or midcircumferential plane.

Example:

Example illustrating storage condition vs. inflated condition of a spare tyre:

Subject matter wherein a tyre casing structure contains a chamber or chambers or a flexible closed annular element carried in said chamber whereby said chamber or annular element is filled with fluid under pressure greater than atmospheric pressure to sustain the tyre in inflated shape upon a hub or rim element.

Pneumatic tyres with an inner tube smaller than the tyre inner chamber provided for run-flat use are classified in B60C 17/01 only.

Subject matter wherein the tyre or inner tube is filled with a gas other than air.

Subject matter wherein the pneumatic tyre is filled with foam material to absorb shock or support the tyre during normal operating condition.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Pneumatic tyre filled with foam material (4).

Subject matter wherein the tyre is filled at least partially with water or another liquid.

Subject matter wherein the liquid composition serves as a ballast to increase the weight of the tyre.

Subject matter wherein the tyre casing is made from a material other than natural or synthetic diene rubber, e.g. thermoplastic resin.

Subject matter wherein the tyre is configured for low pressure operation, e.g. tyre can flatten under load to facilitate movement of tyre over soft or irregular support surface.

Subject matter wherein the pneumatic tyre lacks substantial cord reinforcement in the structure of the tyre casing, e.g. the tyre is formed without a carcass ply.

The use of bead reinforcements or belt reinforcement without carcass reinforcements constitutes a pneumatic tyre without substantial cord reinforcement for the purposes of this subgroup.

Subject matter wherein a closed annular element, e.g. inner tube, is carried within the chamber of the tyre and filled with fluid under pressure that is greater than atmospheric pressure.

Subject matter with multiple chambers defined by the tyre casing, wherein each chamber possesses a separate inflatable insert.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Multiple inflatable inserts (16 and 17) are shown.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The figure shows an inner tube having a special shape.

Subject matter wherein the inner tube is strengthened throughout at least a portion of its extent.

Subject matter wherein the pneumatic tyre forms a discontinuous ring, the ends of which may connect together, overlap, or abut.

Example 1:

Example 2:

Subject matter wherein the pneumatic tyre is open to the rim and the tyre possesses an integral layer having relatively high resistance to diffusion of air.

Subject matter wherein the pneumatic tyre possesses an integral layer or coating of elastomeric material which has a relatively high resistance to the diffusion of air at its inner air contacting surfaces. The layer is commonly referred to as an inner liner.

Subject matter wherein air impervious liner does not traverse the entire inner cavity surface of the tyre, i.e. it does not extend from one bead portion to another bead portion.

Subject matter wherein the impervious layer is characterised by the joints or splices between adjoining ends of the layer.

Subject matter characterised by sealing means between beads and rims of tubeless tyres.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Sealing means (3) is provided between the bead and rim (5).

Subject matter wherein the pneumatic tyre casing is composed of segments adapted to enclose an annular inner-tube.

Subject matter wherein the tyre inner cavity or the inflatable insert is divided into multiple inflatable chambers.

Subject matter wherein the multiple chambers are circular in form.

Subject matter wherein the multiple chambers are provided with walls that extend transversely of the tyre.

Example:

The precedential classification within B60C 1/00 should be given if the subject matter cannot to be classified within any subgroup of B60C 7/00. For example, disclosure which is related to the chemical composition of the tread but also discloses a solid tyre using foam material should be classified in both B60C 1/0016 as well as B60C 7/105.

Subject matter wherein there is provided means for absorbing road shocks other than the use of a pneumatic means (e.g. non-inflatable or solid tyre having a particular structure and/or composition).

Examples:

Subject matter wherein the tyre consists of a casing enclosing a core where the core may be separate or integral with the casing. The core and casing must be distinct by reason of differing materials or arrangement.

Example:

Subject matter where the tyres use enclosed chambers where the chambers are effectively empty, i.e. not filled with a solid material.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The figure shows enclosed chamber (B') surrounded by tyre (B).

Subject matter wherein the tyre consists of a casing enclosing a core where the core may be separate or integral with the casing. The core and casing must be distinct by reason of differing materials or arrangement and include chambers within the core.

Example:

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

3.

Each figure above shows chambers formed by the tyre and rim.

Subject matter that includes the structure and arrangement of reinforcing elements and cushioning layers which form a carcass/body ply or crown/belt reinforcement of the tyre.

This group also includes materials used in the reinforcement of a tyre which are not claimed as specific components of the belt, breaker, bead or carcass portions of a tyre.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Tyre reinforcements which are made of metallic elements, strands, wires or cords.

Subject matter wherein a means or chemical composition is applied to the metallic reinforcing element, commonly used to improve bonding with rubber coating, e.g. brass plating.

Subject matter directed towards rubber coating compositions of the cord or ply.

Reinforcements made from non-metallic, inorganic materials such as glass, carbon or asbestos.

Reinforcements made from synthetic materials such as polyester, nylon or aromatic polyamide, e.g. aramid.

Reinforcements which comprise different materials, e.g. cords formed by twisting together nylon and aramid yarns or yarns formed from nylon and aramid fibres.

Reinforcements that are preshaped prior to arrangement in the tyre.

Reinforcements wherein each reinforcing element is formed by a singular filament.

Reinforcements characterised by physical properties such as modulus, tensile strength or elongation at break.

Subject matter directed towards the carcass of a tyre.

A carcass reinforcement refers to the arrangement of reinforcing material which forms the body of a tyre and which generally extends between the bead portions of the tyre.

Subject matter wherein the carcass is characterised as an interrupted ply wherein the ply is discontinuous between bead portions.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Carcass is interrupted at the central portion of the crown as indicated by the arrows.

Subject matter wherein the carcass is formed by winding strips or individual cords instead of a continuous ply.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

In figure 1, narrow strips (21) are used.

2.

In figure 2, individual cords or filaments are used.

Subject matter wherein the carcass ply is characterised by special physical properties of the ply as a whole, e.g. modulus or strength at break.

Subject matter wherein the carcass reinforcement is characterised by its curvature or cross-sectional shape.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

(R1), (R2) and (R3) are radii of curvature of different carcass ply portions.

Subject matter wherein the carcass plies are composed of reinforcing materials which extend in the same direction substantially equidistant at all points without converging or diverging from one another.

Subject matter wherein the carcass layer is characterised by the joints or splices between adjoining ends of the layer.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows an overlap splice.

Subject matter wherein the carcass ply is characterised by the physical properties of the carcass cords.

Subject matter wherein the carcass is characterised by the material or composition of the reinforcement elements.

Subject matter wherein the reinforcing materials of the carcass plies are of dissimilar materials or shape, e.g. different diameters.

Carcass reinforcements characterised by the path of the carcass cord along its extension direction, e.g. cords extend in radial direction with a localized undulating or sinusoidal shape.

Subject matter wherein the carcass reinforcing materials in the carcass plies are so disposed that the reinforcing cords in adjacent carcass plies subtend (cross) each other such that they are in a superimposed angular relationship relative to one another.

Subject matter wherein the carcass reinforcing elements are disposed in the tyre casing such that an extension of the reinforcing elements from one bead portion to the other bead portion includes more than one angular orientation such that the carcass reinforcing elements in said ply do not lie along a single plane.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

Figures 1 and 2 include S-shaped cord paths and paths of minimum length along the curved surface of the tyre. The minimum length cord path is usually referred in the art as a geodesic cord path.

Subject matter wherein the carcass plies are composed of reinforcing materials which are substantially disposed in a radial plane, i.e. a plane that includes the axis of rotation.

Carcass plies characterised by cords which extend in non-parallel directions such that the cords cross each other, e.g. plies are fabric, woven, non-woven or knitted.

Carcass plies characterised by reinforcement formed with woven i.e. interlaced warps/wefts, braided, or knitted textiles i.e. interlocking loops formed by continuous thread.

Carcass reinforcements which are characterised by discrete, non-continuous fibres or filaments, e.g. short fibres.

Subject matter wherein the carcass comprises a layer which can be characterised as a homogeneous sheet, web or film, e.g. unreinforced rubber layers rather than reinforced by discrete cords or woven fabrics.

Tyres comprising embedded metal armour as an element of the casing construction, e.g. metal plates, linked mats or woven fabrics.

Subject matter wherein the carcass shape is asymmetrical to the centre plane of the tyre.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Asymmetric to mid circumferential plane (EP).

Subject matter which includes one or more relatively thin threads, filaments, yarns, wires, cables, bands, braids or the like formed into cords or reinforcing elements that are arranged to form a ply which annularly extends continuously at the radial outer side of the tyre casing substantially from shoulder region to shoulder region of a tyre tread to add strength to said tyre tread area or to protect the tyre casing in this region.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

3.

Subject matter wherein the belt layer comprises fabric material, e.g. woven, knitted or felted.

Subject matter wherein the belt layer comprises fabric material having a square or plain woven structure, i.e. threads cross at 90 degrees to each other.

Subject matter wherein the belt layer comprises discontinuous fibres or filaments, e.g. short fibres.

Subject matter wherein the belt layer is characterised by its physical properties, e.g. modulus of elasticity or tensile strength at break.

Subject matter wherein a discrete layer of elastomeric material is provided between belt layers and not limited to the belt edge region.

Subject matter wherein a discrete layer of elastomeric material is provided between a belt layer and carcass layer and not limited to the belt edge region.

Subject matter wherein the tyre comprises multiple carcass plies and a belt layer is arranged between at least two of the carcass plies.

Subject matter wherein a belt layer is arranged radially inwards of the carcass reinforcement layers.

Subject matter wherein the belt layer structure comprises a plurality of reinforcement cords, yarns, threads, wires, filaments or the like having a parallel arrangement and which are coated with an elastomer layer to form a ply.

Subject matter wherein the belt layer is characterised by the material or composition of the reinforcing elements.

Subject matter where the entire belt package consists solely of steel cord plies, e.g. construction vehicle tyres where the working plies and the protection plies are made of steel – such structure is usually provided for light truck tyres, heavy duty tyres or construction vehicle tyres.

Subject matter wherein the tyre comprises multiple plies wherein one ply has reinforcing elements of different material from that of another ply – such structure is usually provided in passenger car tyres, e.g. two steel plies and one nylon cap ply.

Subject matter wherein the belt reinforcing elements are disposed such that an extension of the reinforcing elements from lateral edge to the other lateral edge of the belt includes more than one angular orientation such that the reinforcing elements in said ply do not lie along a single plane.

Subject matter wherein a belt ply comprises cords having different materials, dimensions or constructions.

Subject matter wherein the belt reinforcing elements are characterised by a special path of the reinforcing element along its extension direction, e.g. cords extend with an undulating or sinusoidal shape.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Layer (8) has cords (80) that are undulated.

Belt plies having a folded or zigzag configuration wherein the reinforcement bends back onto itself at the lateral edges of the ply should be classified under B60C 9/26 or B60C 9/263.

Subject matter wherein the belt ply is comprised of material formed into thin strips or bands.

Subject matter wherein the disposition of a ply having cords inclined or 90 degrees to the circumferential direction is limited to an axially outer edge of a belt reinforcement layer.

Subject matter wherein the tyre comprises at least one belt ply having cords that define an angle of substantially zero degrees relative to a median equatorial plane of the tyre.

Tyres having a single ply of substantially zero-degree cords.

Subject matter wherein the belt ply is comprised of material formed into thin strips or bands which are wrapped around the carcass in the crown region according to a predetermined pattern, e.g. helically wound band strip.

Subject matter wherein the disposition of a zero-degree ply is limited to an axially outer edge of a belt reinforcement layer.

Subject matter wherein the lateral end of a belt ply is folded or bent to extend back in the opposite inclination direction at the lateral edges of the ply.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the belt ply comprises a continuous reinforcement strip or cord which extends at an inclination across the ply and then bends back in the opposite inclination direction at the lateral edges of the ply so as to form an endless zigzag configuration.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 shows a strip being folded upon itself at the edges and forming a zigzag configuration.

2.

Figure 2 shows a strip that is bent at the edges to form a zigzag configuration without being folded upon itself.

Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the size or the curvilinear profile of the belt or breaker.

Subject matter wherein the crown reinforcement or cushioning layers are asymmetric about the midcircumferential plane of the tyre.

Tyre tread bands characterised by physical properties, dimensions and the like as well as tyre tread bands characterised by at least two different tread sections, e.g. cap section-base section or side-by-side tread sections, wherein at least one of the tread sections has a specified chemical composition or physical properties.

Tread patterns characterised by tread elements, e.g. blocks, ribs, grooves, channels, sipes, incisions, voids, recesses, notches, slits, slots or holes.

In general grooves remain open in the footprint whereas sipes close in the footprint.

Anti-skid inserts characterised by inserts, short fibres, spikes or studs for improving anti-skid.

Non-skid devices temporarily attachable to tyre treads are only classified in B60C 27/00.

Tyre treads characterised by physical properties, dimensions or the like of the tread rubber.

Tread characterised by physical properties including hardness, modulus, tan delta, i.e. hysteresis, snow traction index and the like.

Treads characterised by dimensions including tread thickness, e.g. having specified units such as millimetres.

Treads when the modulus is described numerically, e.g. modulus = 10 MPa; and when the tan delta is described numerically, e.g. tan delta = 0.10.

Treads when the thickness of the tread is described absolutely, e.g. tread thickness = 8 mm to 10 mm, or thickness is described relatively, e.g. tread thickness at equatorial plane is less than tread thickness at tread edge, or tread thickness = 6% tread width.

Tyre treads characterised by at least two different tread sections, e.g. cap and base sections or side by side tread sections, wherein at least one of the tread sections has specified chemical composition and/or physical properties different from the other section.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Side-by-side tread section

Treads characterised by tread rubber layers disposed adjacent in the radial direction.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Treads characterised by different cap rubber layers in the axial direction.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Treads characterised by cap layers having asymmetric arrangement about the tyre equator.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Treads characterised by different base rubber layers in the axial direction.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the curvature of tread between tread edges is described numerically by using equations or by plural radii, e.g. tread has radius R1 = 500 mm or radius R1 > radius R2.

Treads made by winding narrow strips.

Subject matter wherein the shoulder is provided with at least one recess.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 illustrates recesses (4) in the shoulder.

2.

Figure 2 illustrates recesses (6) in the shoulder.

Replaceable treads including treads which are bonded or secured mechanically to a cured tyre carcass, e.g. precured treads for retreading a used tyre.

Treads characterised by tread elements:

Directional tread patterns.

A directional pattern commonly has lateral grooves on each side of the tyre equator which converge at an angle to form a "V" shape.

A tyre having directional pattern has an intended rotational direction whereas a tyre having non-directional pattern can be mounted in either direction on a vehicle and retain the same pattern arrangement.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

3.

In figures 1, 2 and 3, the left columns illustrate directional tread patterns in contrast to the right columns which illustrate non-directional tread patterns.

Tread patterns whereby one side of tread centreline is not a mirror image or does not have symmetry with a tread pattern on other side of tread centreline. Asymmetric tread patterns are generally characterised by a specified mounting direction in relation to the vehicle, e.g. inboard vs. outboard or inner vs. outer side.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

3.

These figures illustrate an asymmetric tread pattern having at least one tread feature on one half of the tread that is not the same as the other half of the tread.

A tread pattern that has line-symmetry or point-symmetry about the tread centreline, i.e. non-directional, is not considered to be an asymmetric tread pattern.

A tread pattern wherein the patterns on either side of the centreline are circumferentially off-set mirror images is not considered to be an asymmetric tread pattern.

Treads including at least one row of blocks separated by width direction grooves and that may include at least one rib.

Treads comprising at least one block row and further characterised by a special shape of the groove cross-section of the circumferential grooves.

Treads having grooves characterised by the groove cross-section should also receive classification under B60C 11/13.

Treads comprising large tread lugs for agricultural tyre or construction tyre or treads comprising large lug grooves extending from tread edge to centre rib and defining large tread lug elements connected to the centre rib.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

Figure 2 shows an off-road tyre having two rows of large lugs.

3.

Figure 3 shows a construction tyre having three rows of large lugs. Right figure shows a construction tyre having two rows of large lug grooves.

Treads comprising large tread lugs and further characterised by a directional pattern.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows an agricultural tyre having two rows of large lugs (56) arranged to define a directional tread patter.

Treads further characterised by the shape of the groove cross-section.

Treads having grooves characterised by the groove cross-section should also receive classification under B60C 11/13.

Treads comprising repeating geometric features having different pitch lengths usually for reducing noise, e.g. a row of blocks comprising blocks having large length L, blocks having medium length M and blocks having small length S arranged in a sequence such as SMLMSML ... or random sequence of S, M, L.

Tread patterns that include isolated recesses e.g. holes or both end closed grooves.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 shows a tread having ribs, each comprising small holes.

2.

Figure 2 shows a tread having isolated grooves.

Treads comprising sunken cavities that appear at the tread surface after the tyre is worn. The sunken cavities may or may not be connected to the tread surface by a sipe or incision.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows sunken cavities each connected to the tread surface by a sipe.

Tyres characterised by the properties of the tread pattern such as groove area ratio, shape of the footprint or stiffness of the tread.

Net-to-gross ratios, groove area ratios, volume ratios or the like of tread patterns being described numerically or net-to-gross ratio, groove area ratio, volume ratio, or the like of one region of tread pattern being compared to another region of the tread pattern, e.g. net to gross of central region is less than net to gross of shoulder region.

Tyres characterised by the footprint or contact patch of the tread, including:

Design features of the pattern including circumferential grooves, lateral grooves, slant grooves or continuous ribs.

Tread patterns having at least one groove.

Tread patterns having at least one circumferential groove.

Circumferential grooves having undulating traces.

Circumferential grooves described as having a width less than 4 mm.

A figure showing a circumferential groove but no circumferential sipes having significantly smaller width than typical full width main circumferential grooves should be placed in B60C 2011/0348 regardless of whether the exact width is numerically specified.

Tread patterns whereby at least one circumferential groove has a depth of less than 50% of at least one other groove.

Tread patterns whereby the width of circumferential groove is described numerically.

Tread patterns whereby the depth of circumferential groove is described numerically.

Tread patterns whereby the angle of lateral groove is illustrated or described numerically as being 45 to 90 degrees with respect to the equatorial plane.

Tread patterns whereby the lateral groove is a shallow lateral groove having a depth less than 50% of at least one other groove.

Tread patterns whereby the width of lateral groove is described numerically.

Tread patterns whereby the depth of lateral groove is described numerically.

Tread patterns whereby the depth of lateral grooves changes along length of lateral groove or along width of lateral groove. The varying depth may be defined by a tie bar.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

1a.

1b.

Above figures 1a and 1b show a lateral groove having a depth varying over length (L1).

Tread patterns whereby the angle of lateral groove is described numerically.

Tread patterns whereby the angle of slant groove is illustrated or described numerically as being 5 to 35 degrees with respect to the equatorial plane or angle.

Tread patterns whereby the width of slant groove is described numerically.

Tread patterns whereby the depth of slant groove is described numerically.

Treads comprising one end open grooves, i.e. one end of the groove is open to another groove and the other end of the groove terminates in a tread element such that the other end of the groove is closed.

Tread patterns whereby one end open grooves are formed in land portion at equatorial plane.

Tread patterns whereby the continuous rib is a continuous shoulder rib including lateral grooves having one end terminating in rib and the other end open to the tread end. The continuous rib may be divided by both end open sipes.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 shows a shoulder rib (2) comprising a narrow rib divided by short sipes (6a) that are connected to shoulder lateral grooves (5a).

2.

Figure 2 shows a shoulder rib comprising an undivided narrow rib and one end opening lateral grooves.

Treads including continuous ribs offset from the tread surface.

Tread patterns whereby all tread elements in the tread pattern are continuous circumferential ribs, i.e. circumferentially extending ribs that may be divided by both end open sipes, such that the tread pattern is exclusive of blocks.

Subject matter wherein all tread elements in the tread pattern are blocks such that the tread pattern is exclusive of ribs.

The subject-matter of this place refers in particular to irregularly arranged blocks which are not provided in simple block rows – such tread patterns may be found, for example, on off-road tyres.

Tread patterns whereby the sipes are characterised by the two-dimensional, i.e. planar, or three-dimensional shape of the sipe walls or by a particular shape formed in the tread, e.g. crank-shaped, zigzag, circular or polygonal.

Sipes having variable depth or width within the same sipe should include further classifications in B60C 11/1263 or B60C 11/1281, respectively.

Tread patterns whereby in the plan view of the tread surface, the sipe has a rectilinear trace instead of curved.

Tread patterns whereby, in the plan view of the tread surface, the sipe has a sinusoidal, zigzag or wavy shape.

Tread patterns whereby sipes have three-dimensional shape, e.g. varying shape or undulating width in both the depth direction and extending directions or having a shape which splits in the depth direction, e.g. inverted Y-shape. Sipes which vary in only extension direction or depth direction are generally not considered to be three-dimensional sipes.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 shows a three-dimensional sipe being zigzag along its length and being zigzag along its depth.

2.

Figure 2 shows a three-dimensional sipe having wide portions varying along the depth of the sipe.

3.

Figure 3 shows a three-dimensional sipe having lower branched portions.

Tread patterns whereby the shape of the sipe twists or warps along the extension of the sipe.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Above figures show sipes being twisted in the depth direction.

Tread patterns having sipes with different shapes or individual sipes having portions with different shapes, e.g. linear at ends and zigzag in middle.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 shows one type of sipes having a step portion facing left and another type of sipes having a step portion facing right.

2

Figure 2 shows a sipe having a left flat region, a middle region having zigzag traces and a right region having circular protrusions.

3.

Figure 3 shows one block having a first sipe type being zigzag along its length and straight along its depth, and another block having a second sipe type being zigzag along its length and zigzag along its depth.

Tread patterns whereby the sipes or fine grooves have shallow depths.

Tread patterns whereby the sipes are characterised by their location, orientation, or inclination in the tread pattern.

Tread patterns with sipes whose depth-wise extension is inclined with respect to the radial direction of the tyre.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows sipes extending inward from the tread surface and being inclined with respect to the radial direction.

Tread patterns wherein sipes are arranged as a network of intersecting sipes, e.g. pattern forming a mesh.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows circumferentially extending sipes intersecting axially extending sipes in a surface of a block to form a mesh.

Tread patterns with sipes extending from bottom of a groove.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a sipe extending radially inward from a bottom of a groove.

Tread patterns whereby the sipes can be identified as closed or blind, i.e. both ends of the sipe do not open to a groove.

Tread patterns whereby the sipes are characterised by variable depth or specified depth dimensions.

Tread patterns with sipes comprising portions having different depths.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a sipe having shallow end portions and a shallow middle portion.

Treads comprising sipes having different depths.

Treads comprising sipes characterised by variable width or specified width dimensions.

Tread patterns whereby the sipes comprise portions having different widths, e.g. enlarged bottom or enlarged or chamfered openings.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 shows a sipe having a width varying along the length of the sipe.

2.

Figure 2 shows sipes, each having an enlarged bottom portion (27b).

Treads comprising sipes having different widths.

Treads comprising sipes characterised by their density, their pitch or the distance between adjacent sipes.

Tread patterns comprising portions having different sipe densities, e.g. high sipe density in the central tread region and low sipe density in the shoulder tread regions.

Subject matter classified in B60C 11/0309, B60C 11/0316 or B60C 11/042 – B60C 11/047 should also include a classification in B60C 11/13 or its subgroups.

Treads comprising grooves that are characterised by the shape of groove walls, e.g. inclination angles, protrusions or recesses.

Treads comprising grooves having at least one wall defined by varying inclination angles along its extension direction.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 shows the angle of the sidewall of a groove with respect to the radial direction varying along the length of the groove.

2a.

2b.

2c.

Above figures 2a, 2b and 2c show four circumferential grooves, each having a straight trace at the tread surface and undulating trace at the groove bottom, where these traces are joined by a sidewall having an angle with respect to the radial direction that varies along the length of the groove.

Treads comprising grooves defined by opposing walls having shapes that are asymmetric to the groove centreline, e.g. groove walls defined by different inclination angles.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a groove having a left sidewall inclined at a large angle (theta 1b) with respect to the radial direction and a right sidewall inclined at a small angle (theta 1a) with respect to the radial direction.

Treads whereby the groove wall surface is concave or recessed relative to the extension direction of the wall.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a groove having a recess in each sidewall of the groove.

Treads whereby the groove wall has an element projecting from one wall and spaced from the bottom and opposing wall of the groove.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a groove having a protrusion projecting from each sidewall of the groove.

Treads whereby the grooves having a thin layer of rubber that covers the surface of the groove.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows thin rubber layer following contour of tread surface and grooves.

Treads whereby the grooves are characterised by the shape of the groove bottom, e.g. recesses, protrusions or undulating.

Grooves having a protrusion from the bottom of the groove and spaced from one or both walls of the groove.

Treads having an element projecting from one wall, extending laterally and connecting to the opposing wall of the groove.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1a.

Figure 1a is an axial cross-section showing a tie bar in a groove.

1b.

Figure 1b is a circumferential cross-section showing tie bars in a groove.

Tread elements having tread contact surface which departs from the general tread contour, e.g. tread elements have a concave, convex or rounded shape relative to the general tread contour.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows land portions, each having a curved convex upper surface.

Tread elements having a chamfer only at the corner of the element.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a chamfer at a corner of a tread element.

Tread elements having chamfer which extends along the length of the edge of the tread element.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 shows a chamfer along an edge of a block.

2.

Figure 2 shows edges of blocks and ribs having a chamfer.

3.

Figure 3 shows a cross-section of a groove including a chamfer having a height (h).

Treads wherein the tyre constitutes an anti-skid device by virtue of anti-skid elements embedded therein.

Anti-skid elements, per se, when it is disclosed that they are for use in a tyre.

Studs for snow mobiles are only classified in B62D 55/286.

Anti-skid elements characterised by scattered particles embedded in the tread surface.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows particles embedded in the tread surface.

Anti-skid elements characterised by discontinuous fibres, cords, wires or fabric embedded in the tread surface.

Anti-skid element characterised by a discrete piece of metal or textile that projects from the surface of the tread, e.g. a stud or spike.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows studs and a tyre comprising studs.

Subject matter wherein the tyre or plug has means to actuate the extension or retraction of the plug from the tread contact surface.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows retractable plugs 3.

Subject matter wherein the extension or retraction of the plug actuated by fluid, e.g. air.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows plugs (214) and (215) actuated by inflation of chamber (210).

Subject matter wherein the extension or retraction of the plug actuated by temperature sensitive elements.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a stud which extends or retracts depending on temperature.

Treads characterised by the arrangement of the plug within the tread pattern, e.g. different orientation to each other, arranged at different depths, arranged in relation to a groove.

Tyres or plugs characterised by the specific means of attachment of the plug into the tread.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a stud having means for attachment in the form of a helical thread for attaching the stud to the tread.

Plugs characterised by the shape of the plug body portion. The body portion is generally the portion of the plug which is embedded in the tread.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

Figures 1 and 2 show stud having conical shaped body.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 shows stud comprising body having concave surface.

2.

Figure 2 shows stud comprising upper body portion having convex and concave portions, and shows lower body portion that is the bottom flange having convex and concave portions.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

Above figures 1 and 2 show studs having helical shaped body.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

3.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 each show a stud comprising a body having an upper collar and a bottom flange.

Plugs characterised by the shape of the plug tip portion which engages with the ground contact surface.

Plug tips having a circular cross-section, e.g. hemispherical top.

Plugs whereby each plug comprises multiple tips.

Plugs characterised by the means by which the plug-tip is secured to the plug-body.

Anti-skid inserts characterised by thin, elongate structure.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows thin rectangular studs.

Subject matter wherein the anti-skid insert is made of metal and has a strip form.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

Figures 1 and 2 show anti-skid strip having blade-like form.

Subject matter wherein the anti-skid insert has a coiled, wound or spiral shape.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

Figures 1 and 2 show an anti-skid insert comprising a coiled form.

Example:

Treads having tread wear indicators, e.g. protrusions, recesses, markings, coloured layers or systems for visually indicating tread wear.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 shows wear indicator comprising recesses in a tread element.

2.

Figure 2 shows wear indicator 2 in the form of a tie bar.

Tyres with sensor arrangements for determining tyre wear.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows an arrangement of sensors for determining wear in the tread.

Systems or computer models that monitor or predict tyre wear.

Subject matter which includes structure that corresponds with the part of the tyre between the shoulder of the tread and the rim.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

Figures 1 and 2 generally show tyre sidewall features.

Carcass or bead reinforcements are only classified in groups B60C 9/00 and B60C 15/00 respectively.

Sidewall reinforcing inserts for run-flat use are classified in group B60C 17/00 only.

Subject matter wherein the tyre sidewall is provided with decorative markings, patterns or lettering.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

Elements in the side wall which increase the resistance to cutting or cracking.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 shows embedded pucture prevention layer within the sidewall of the tyre.

2.

Figure 2 shows weather resistant coating provided to the tyre outer surface.

Tyres characterised by the curvature of the sidewall, e.g. radius of curvature.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a tyre having a sidewall with specified curvature (i.e. KR2).

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein additional bead cores are provided in the sidewall portion of the tyre.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows bead cores used in a tyre sidewall.

Subject matter wherein the sidewall comprises raised projections or recessed portions.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the sidewall comprises structure for preventing the tyre from splashing mud or water.

Subject matter wherein grooves or projections are provided on the interior surface of the tyre sidewall.

Subject matter wherein the sidewall structure comprises a filled section or an applique of material in a colour other than black or a protective coating layer.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a tyre with annular white sidewall veneer (44) covering the lower portion of black sidewall (40).

Subject matter wherein the side wall is made of different rubber layers.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a tyre with sidewall rubber layers (10) and (11).

Subject matter that includes the structure of the annular edge of a pneumatic tyre that opens at the rim zone and includes annular reinforcing elements to anchor the tyre or the tyre carcass material to the rim.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Carcass reinforcements per se are classified under B60C 9/00.

Subject matter wherein the tyre is characterised by the carcass ply terminal portion, e.g. the shape of the terminal portion, the terminating location of the carcass ply turn-up, or the manner in which the carcass ply folds around or interfaces with annular reinforcing elements in the bead.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows carcass terminal portion (6b) having end (6e).

Subject matter wherein the bead portion of the tyre includes annular reinforcing elements to anchor the tyre or the tyre carcass layers, wherein the carcass layers terminate within the bead portion without being folded around any annular reinforcing element.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the carcass ply folds around and terminates at an annular reinforcing element.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the carcass ply folds around an annular reinforcing element and a terminal end of said ply extends radially outwards of the maximum section width of the tyre.

Subject matter wherein the carcass ply folds around an annular reinforcing element and a terminal end of said ply extends at least as far as the edge of a belt reinforcing layer.

Subject matter wherein the carcass ply folds around an annular reinforcing element and a terminal end of said ply extends parallel and adjacent to the carcass main portion.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the carcass ply folds around an annular reinforcing element and the terminal ends of said ply diverge from the carcass main portion.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the carcass plies are turned about an annular reinforcing element in a direction from the axial outer wall of the bead portion of the tyre to the inner wall of the bead portion of the tyre. This direction is the reverse of the more conventional disposition of carcass plies about the annular reinforcing elements.

Subject matter wherein the carcass plies are folded around or between multiple annular reinforcing elements.

Subject matter wherein the carcass ply turned about the annular reinforcing element is of such length as to extend along the side portion of the carcass a specified absolute extent or an extent that is relative to other tyre dimensions, e.g. the maximum height of the tyre.

Subject matter whereby resilient tyres are held secured to vehicle wheels or rims.

Subject matter wherein the rim or tyre bead comprises additional means engageable with a corresponding tyre bead or rim to secure the tyre to a bead flange on the rim.

Subject matter wherein supplementary means has projections that wrap around and engage with the rim flange.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein a tyre without annular edges, i.e. without bead portions, is secured to a rim or wheel.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 shows closed torus tyre secured to a rim.

2.

Figure 2 shows a tyre having radially inner ends secured to the rim by being sandwiched between rim parts.

Subject matter wherein a bead seat on one side of the tyre differs in diameter, inclination angle or shape from a bead seat on the other side of the tyre.

Subject matter wherein the hub or rim contacting portion of the tyre is characterised by the overall outer contour or by additional frictional enhancing means to ensure grip between rim contacting portion of the tyre and the rim.

Subject matter wherein the bead is characterised by projecting portions or extensions in the region radially outside the rim flange contact portion of the bead, e.g. rim flange protectors.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows extension being radially outside the rim flange.

Subject matter wherein the bead is characterised by the bead contour of the axially and radially inner end of the bead.

Subject matter wherein the bead is seated such that the axially inner diameter of the bead seat is greater than the axially outer diameter thereof. This arrangement is the reverse of the more conventional disposition of a bead seat.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein interior spacers, clamps or spreaders act laterally or laterally and downwardly to clamp adjacent portions of the tyre against flanges on the rim.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the bead portion of the tyre is characterised by the annular reinforcing element, e.g. size, shape or material thereof.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a bead core structure.

Subject matter wherein the bead is characterised by the material of the annular reinforcing element.

Subject matter wherein annular reinforcing element is encased in or wrapped by a layer.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the bead core is formed by annular winding of a reinforcing element wherein the winding structure or sequence is specified.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the rim contacting portion of the tyre contains two or more annular reinforcing elements.

Subject matter wherein the bead is characterised by reinforcing or elastomeric cushion layers other than the carcass ply and the annular reinforcing element.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows a tyre bead portion showing terminology and position of commonly used cushion and reinforcement layers.

Subject matter wherein the bead is provided with a wedge shaped or triangular insert that is generally disposed radially above the bead core in such a way the carcass ply is wound around the bead core so that the turned-up portion of the carcass ply is separated from the main carcass portion by the wedge shaped or triangular insert.

Subject matter wherein the bead filler or bead apex is characterised by multiple parts or layers.

Subject matter wherein the dimensions of the bead filler are specified in terms of an absolute extent or an extent that is relative to other tyre dimensions, e.g. the maximum height of the tyre.

Subject matter wherein the bead portion is characterised by the portion of the bead intended to come into direct contact with the rim, i.e. chafer.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the bead portion is characterised by additional elastomeric cushion layers other than the bead filler and rim contacting layer.

Subject matter wherein the additional cushion layer is adjacent the turn-up portion, generally on the side of the turn-up portion opposite the bead filler.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein there is an additional cushion layer provided at the terminal end of the carcass ply turn up portion or an additional reinforcing layer, e.g. a chipper.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the bead portion is characterised by a cord reinforced elastomeric layer other than the carcass ply and the bead anchoring reinforcing element.

Subject matter wherein the bead portion is characterised by a cord reinforced layer folded directly around the bead anchoring reinforcing element and between the bead anchoring reinforcing element and the carcass material, such layer is generally referred to as a flipper.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein bead portion is characterised by a cord reinforced layer wrapped around the bead core and between the carcass material and the rim contacting layer, i.e. chipper.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the arrangement or structure of reinforcement, filler or cushion layers in one bead portion is different from that of the opposing bead portion.

Subject matter wherein the pneumatic tyre or inner tube is provided with means that permit the resultant assembly to continue operation when the inflation pressure in the pneumatic tyre or inner tube drops substantially below normal or when the pneumatic tyre or inner tube is punctured or otherwise damaged.

Subject matter wherein the structural stiffness of a pneumatic tyre sidewall is enhanced by a reinforcing insert that compensates for potential loss of pneumatic stiffness by deflation.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows differently hashed portions for different rubbers.

Subject matter wherein the sidewall reinforcing insert comprises additional reinforcing layers, e.g. a cord reinforced layer.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the crown region of the tyre is provided with special reinforcing means to support the tyre structure in the deflated condition.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

The regular structure or arrangements of belts or breaker, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers should be classified in B60C 9/18 – B60C 9/30.

Subject matter wherein the tyre structure is provided with annular protrusions formed on or attached to the tyre in order to enable operation in the damaged or deflated condition.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

Subject matter wherein the additional means that permits the assembly to continue operations is a pneumatic member that is located in the chamber of the pneumatic tyre and supports the pneumatic tyre when the tyre is damaged or loses inflation pressure.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein an inflatable member carried in the tyre chamber is inflated to support the tyre in response to loss of air pressure.

Subject matter wherein the support means is distinct from the tyre and permits the tyre assembly to continue operation when its inflation pressure drops. The support means is an integral part of the tyre and is located within the tyre cavity.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Subject matter wherein the tyre includes sidewalls which are foldable on themselves at predetermined adjacent sidewall portions to sustain the tyre to permit continued operation of the tyre upon loss of inflation pressure during use.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows sidewall structure facilitating folding.

Subject matter wherein the support means that enables restricted operation of the tyre in a damaged or deflated condition comprises a lubricating or cooling composition which is disposed in the pneumatic tyre chamber.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows lubricant layer (20).

Constructional details or features related to:

Subject matter wherein the tyre is characterised by the intended mounting position in relation to the vehicle, e.g. front vs. rear, inboard vs. outboard sides or camber angle.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure 1 illustrates tyres configured for particular front and rear mounting positions.

2.

Figure 2 illustrates a tyre configured for an intended camber angle.

Tyres characterised only by a directional tread having intended rotational direction should be classified under B60C 11/0302.

Tyres characterised only by an asymmetric tread having intended mounting position in relation to vehicle (i.e. inboard and outboard sides) should be classified under B60C 11/0304.

Subject matter wherein a noise damping or absorbing means is provided in or attached to the tyre structure.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

Figure shows noise damping element attached to both the tyre and rim.

Subject matter wherein the tyre is provided with means integral therewith or permanently associated therewith or attached thereto for statically or dynamically balancing the tyre.

Sensors located in the tyre without specific disclosure related to what the sensor is particularly used for.

Sensors that specifically do not measure pressure or temperature.

Subject matter wherein the tyre structure is provided with means for venting air that may become entrapped between layers during tyre manufacture, e.g. gas bleeder cords.

Subject matter wherein means, other than a rim, close an opening in a tyre casing through which an inner tube may be inserted or close an opening in a tubeless tyre casing. The means may interlock with, attach to or form an integral part of the tyre casing.

Subject matter wherein means are provided integral or permanently associated with the resilient tyre in order to conduct an electrical current in, on or through the resilient tyre.

Subject matter wherein an electrically conductive means is provided in the tread portion.

Subject matter wherein the carcass ply is electrically conductive, e.g. conductive reinforcing element or ply coat.

Subject matter wherein an electrically conductive means is provided in the sidewall.

Subject matter wherein an electrically conductive means is provided in the bead portion of the tyre.

Subject matter wherein the pneumatic tyre or inner tube is provided with a self-healing feature to seal breaks made in the pneumatic tyre or inner tube, e.g. a sealant layer or a puncture-resistant feature to prevent breaks in the pneumatic tyre or inner tube, e.g. armour layer.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

Figure above shows a tyre having an armour layer (1) for preventing puncture.

2.

Figure shows a tyre having a sealant layer (14).

Subject matter wherein the puncture sealing or puncture preventing feature is disposed on the inner surface of the tyre.

Subject matter wherein the puncture sealing or puncture preventing feature is removable.

Subject matter wherein the puncture sealing or puncture preventing feature is configured for an inner tube.

Devices that are adapted for mounting on vehicles and are operational while the vehicle is moving.

Automatically distributing tyre pressure.

Monitoring tyre pressure status:

Monitoring tyre temperature status.

Arrangement of tyre inflating pumps.

Arrangement of air tanks.

Tyre cooling arrangements.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

Subject matter concerning the constructional details for the attachment of a monitoring or signalling device to a tyre or encasement of the device within the tyre.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this place:

1.

2.

Devices for manually mounting or demounting tyres to/ from rims.

Example:

Tyre levers or similar hand-tools for manually mounting or demounting tyres to/ from rims.

Example:

Hand-tools provided with a jack for manually mounting/demounting tyres to/from rims

Example: