CPC Definition - Subclass B22D
This place covers:
The casting of metals and of other substances by the same processes or machines. By "other substances" is meant basically the group of non-metals, e.g. silicon.
This place does not cover:
Shaping of plastics |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Core | Part of a mould used in a casting process that forms the internal shapes of a casting, which cannot be shaped by the pattern |
Gate | Channel that allow the molten metal to enter the mould cavity during casting |
This place covers:
Treatment on reduced scale of the molten metal , whether in the ladle or in the supply runners.
This place does not cover:
Treating molten metal (during continuous casting) | |
Metallurgical processing of metals | |
Refining of metals by electrolysis of melts |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Runner | Portion of the gate assemby that connects the sprue with the gate |
This place covers:
Measuring devices for process parameters during casting, e.g. temperature or viscosity of the fused mass, thickness of a frozen shell.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring liquid level in general | |
Measuring temperature in general | |
Measuring viscosity |
If the measurement is part of a regulating process, then classification is also given in the relevant groups (e.g. B22D 11/16 - B22D 11/225).
This place covers:
Methods, machines or plants for casting pigs.
Equipment for conveying molten metal to the pig moulds is classified in B22D 35/00 - B22D 35/06.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Pig | A metal casting,produced in a mould provided that it is intended for remelting before use |
This place covers:
Machines or plants for pig casting, e.g. devices for stacking pigs, rotary casting tables.
This place covers:
Casting processes, machines or plants for casting of ingots in definite lengths.
This place does not cover:
Casting of pigs | |
Continuous casting of ingots |
Equipment for conveying molten metal to the ingot moulds is classified in B22D 35/00 - B22D 35/06.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Ingot | A metal casting, produced in a mould for subsequently rolling or forging |
hot top | Insulating cover placed in the upper region of an ingot mould to reduce heat loss of the solidifying metal, resulting in a longer solidification time whereby the shrinkage cavity is located higher in the ingot |
This place covers:
Machines or plants for top or bottom casting.
This place covers:
Methods and machines for casting metals in indefinite lengths.
B22D 11/0401 covers moulds provided at their top with a refractory heat insulating reservoir for feeding the mould.
B22D 11/0475 covers continuous casting processes wherein a ceramic ring is mounted between a molten metal holding vessel and the continuous casting mould, in order to provide a steady supply of liquid metal to the mould.
B22D 11/049 covers continuous metal casting where the cooling water flows from the underside of the mold cooling chamber and sprays directly on the ingot surface, thereby completing the solidification process.
B22D 11/1206 covers methods and machines for applying a light rolling reduction on a strand which is not completely solidified.
B22D 11/122 covers methods and machines for creating a magnetic field around a solidifying cast strand, emerged from the mould, in order to stir the molten core of the strand to obtain a homogeneous structure.
This place does not cover:
Casting of ingots in definite lengths Metal drawing, metal extruding |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lubricating injection die casting moulds | |
Rolling of metals | |
Rolls; Lubricating or cooling rolls while in use (rolling metals) | |
Rollers for roller conveyors (rolling metals) | |
Construction of glass rollers | |
Construction of the conveyor rolls (for glass) | |
Rolls; Roll arrangements (in furnaces) | |
Rolls; Drums; Roll arrangements (in continuous furnaces) | |
...with cooling | |
...the conveyor being constituted by rollers | |
Transport or conveyor rolls for furnaces |
The composition of the specific alloys (B22D 11/001 - B22D 11/004) is also classified in C22C (alloys).
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Starter bar | A bar which plugs a mould opening at the start of the casting procedure, and which is gradually withdrawn from the mould, as the molten metal solidifies, in order to remove the cast ingot from the mould |
This place covers:
Centrifugal casting or casting by using a centrifugal force to produce shallow bodies or elongated bodies in definite lengths; the necessary accessory devices, processes and machines.
This place does not cover:
Continuous rotative casting |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Casting jewelry articles |
The accessories for the centrifugal casting apparatus (like moulds, linings, means for feeding molten metal, removing castings) are classified in B22D 13/10 - B22D 13/108; if it is clearly from the description that they could also be used for other particular casting processes then they are also classified in those relevant groups.
This place covers:
Casting using a mould or core with an insert of high thermal conductivity, to locally increase the rate of heat removal during solidification of the molten metal and thereby define the structure of the casting.
This place does not cover:
Continuous casting into open-ended moulds for direct chill casting |
This place covers:
Casting in an injection casting mould, whereby the molten metal is injected into the mould under high pressure; the necessary accessory devices, processes and machines.
B22D 17/002 covers moulds which are moving outside the normal working position during each moulding cycle
B22D 17/005 covers moulds wherein two or more fixed mould parts are cooperating each with a moveable counterpart ; see WO238311-fig.1
B22D 17/007 covers a method wherein the injected metal is in a semi solid state
B22D 17/04 covers machines wherein the metal which is melted in a heated press chamber, is moved from this press chamber to the mould cavity by means of a plunger
B22D 17/06 covers machines wherein the metal which is melted in a heated press chamber, is moved from this press chamber to the mould cavity by means of air pressure
B22D 17/30 covers accessories for supplying the molten metal to the shot sleeve.
Methods and machines for injection moulding of plastics are classified in B29C.
If it is clearly stated in a document that the content also applies to injection die casting metals, then a class is also given in B22D 17/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations | |
Compositions for coating moulds | |
Accessories for reinforcing or securing moulding materials or cores |
All documents concerning mechanisms or devices for opening, closing or clamping pressure die casting moulds for casting metals , are also classified in the relevant groups B29C 45/64 - B29C 45/68.
B22D 17/2007 covers methods and apparatus for lubricating moulds.
If a composition is also included, then in addition a B22C 3/00 class is also given.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
S hot sleeve | Reservoir, containing the necessary amount of molten metal to make a casting , and from where this molten metal is pressed into the mould |
This place covers:
Casting whereby a low pressure or a vacuum is used to pressurize the molten metal; the necessary machines, processes and controlling.
B22D 18/02 covers processes and machines wherein an amount of liquid metal ,required for one casting part, being introduced in the cavity of a lower mould and thereafter a convex portion of an upper mould being advanced in the cavity filled with molten metal, which metal undergoes a compression during this forging step.
This place does not cover:
Injection die casting | |
Aftertreating by using pressure on the metal in the mould, while it is molten or ductile | |
Aftertreating by using vacuum on the metal in the mould, while it is molten or ductile |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Forging |
This place covers:
Processes and devices whereby a casting is done on, in or around a body part, which forms afterwards an essential part of the product.
This place does not cover:
Alumino-thermic welding | |
Coating by casting molten metal on a substrate |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Repairing fractures or cracked metal parts | |
Repairing rotor blades | |
Cylinder heads | |
Bearings |
This place covers:
Casting of products from non-ferrous metals wherein the metallurgical properties of the metal play an important role in the casting process.
This place does not cover:
Casting ingots from non ferrous metals |
Casting aluminium or magnesium is not classified in B22D 21/04 but in B22D 21/007.
The corresponding compositions of the metallic compounds or alloys have also to be classified in C22C.
This place covers:
Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D 1/00 - B22D 21/00, for example:
B22D 23/003 covers methods and devices for spraying molten metal on the surface of a pattern (or core); after solidification of the molten metal, the pattern (or core) is removed, leaving a cast piece.
B22D 23/02 covers methods and devices where the molten metal is poured from the top into the mould
B22D 23/04 covers methods and devices where
- a mould is filled by submerging in a molten metal pool
or
a core is immerged in a molten metal pool; after solidification of a predetermined layer of molten metal on the core surface, the core is removed, leaving a cast piece. B22D 23/06 covers melting-down metal in the mould
This place does not cover:
Top casting ingots |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making metallic powder by casting | |
Alumino-thermic welding | |
Remelting metals | |
Electroslag remelting |
This place covers:
Casting methods and apparatuses where the nature of the obtained product is characteristic; this nature could be a specific shape (like pieces of art,metal foams,jewelry)or a specific physical property (like uniform hardness).
This place does not cover:
Casting stereotype plates |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alloys with open or closed pores | |
Protection against damping, accoustic waves |
Documents classified in these groups need also to be classified according to their casting process (B22D 13/00 - B22D 23/00).
This place covers:
The treatment of the molten metal after its introduction in the mould and during its solidification.
This place does not cover:
Appurtenances for preventing splashing | |
Use of electric or magnetic effects in continuous casting | |
Cooling open-ended moulds | |
Cooling moulds with travelling walls during continuous casting | |
Treating molten metal in the continuous casting mould | |
Secondary cooling in continuous casting | |
Controlling for cooling cast stock or mould in continuous casting | |
Cooling moulds in centrifugal casting | |
Chill casting | |
Casting processes and apparatuses using pressure to fill the mould | |
Exerting after-pressure on the moulding material during injection die casting | |
Cooling dies in pressure injection die casting | |
Casting processes and apparatuses using vacuum to fill the mould | |
Skimming of molten metals | |
Casting of single crystals |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Nodularising additive agents |
This place covers:
The removing of castings and ingots from their moulds and the removing of cores from the cast pieces; the necessary processes, machines and accessory devices.
This place does not cover:
Removing castings from centrifugal casting moulds | |
Evacuating cast pieces from injection die casting moulds | |
Treating the metal in the mould by vibrating the mould |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cranes |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Flask | A metal frame used for making and holding a refractory mould |
This place covers:
Cooling of castings when removed totally or partly from the moulds and where the surface of the casting is totally or partly in direct contact with a cooling fluid.
This place does not cover:
Open-ended moulds for direct chill casting | |
Cooling open-ended moulds | |
Cooling moulds with travelling walls during continuous casting | |
Secondary cooling in continuous casting | |
Controlling for cooling cast stock or mould in continuous casting | |
Cooling moulds in centrifugal casting | |
Chill casting | |
Cooling dies in pressure injection die casting | |
Influencing temperature of the metal |
This place covers:
The removing of the gating systems from the castings and the subsequently cleaning of the castings, the removal of any parts of the casting/gating system, e.g. removal of risers
This place does not cover:
Cutting off equipment for sprues or ingates combined with an injection die casting machine |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
This place covers:
Any equipment for handling moulds after their manufacture.
B22D 33/005 covers the transport of sand moulds which have been taken out from their flask
B22D 33/06 covers equipment for placing or removing weights on the cope and drag mould parts, to prevent shifting during casting.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making flaskless moulds |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Cope | the top half of a horizontally parted mould |
Drag | the bottom half of a horizontally parted mould |
Flaskless mould | a mould which is made in a moulding machine wherein one or more flasks forming part of the machine and where after compacting the moulding material, the mould is removed from the flask(s) and set side by side on a conveyor |
This place covers:
Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds, in general; heating or cooling of the molten metal in an equipment for conveying the metal into moulds or beds.
Heating/cooling of moulds is classified in B22C 9/065
This place does not cover:
Feeding centrifugal casting moulds | |
Means for forcing molten metal into an injection die | |
Supplying molten metal in pressure die casting | |
Supplying molten metal in ratios | |
Pouring nozzles |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Bed | a moulding sand layer (mostly on ground level) wherein a multiple mould cluster has been made |
This place covers:
The control and the shielding of the molten metal stream issuing from a vessel.
This place does not cover:
Controlling or regulating processes for pouring in continuous casting | |
Supplying molten metal in ration s | |
Closures in casting melt-holding vessels |
This place covers:
All kind of equipment making it possible to deliver the amount of molten metal, necessary to produce a casting.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Accessories for supplying molten metal in pressure die casting machines | |
Electrodynamic pumps |
If the equipment is adapted for a particular casting machine (B22D 13/00-B22D 25/00) it is classified in the relevant group for that casting machine and in the relevant subgroup of B22D 39/00 - B22D 39/06.
This place covers:
Casting vessels (ladles, tundishes or cups);
Their constructionnal features like cooling or heating means, linings, pouring nozzles and closure means;
Working methods of these vessels.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Impact pad | A pad or a boxlike device of erosion resistant material positioned on the floor of a melt-holding vessel to receive the incoming stream of molten metal poured into the said vessel from a higher positioned vessel |
Ladle turret | A rotating tower is supporting two casting ladles in such a way that one ladle is 'on cast' (feeding the casting machine) while the other is made ready, and is switched to the casting position once the first ladle is empty. |
This place covers:
Removing or holding back dirt or slag from the surface of the molten metal before or during casting.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Removing or retaining slag in furnaces |
This place covers:
Any kind of casting equipment for which no specific entry exists.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Removal of waste gases or dust during steel making | |
Extraction of waste gases in furnaces |
This place covers:
Any kind of controlling which is not associated with a single specific casting process.
This place does not cover:
Controlling or regulating processes during continuous casting | |
Controlling in centrifugal casting | |
Controlling equipment in injection die casting machines | |
Controlling pouring from a melt-holding vessel |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Controlling in general |
This place covers:
The lay-out of a casting plant which may comprise a combination of machines used during the whole casting process, eventually together with the preceding moulding plant.