CPC Definition - Subclass G01P

Last Updated Version: 2024.01
MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT (measuring or recording blood flow A61B 5/02, A61B 8/06; monitoring speed or deceleration of electrically-propelled vehicles B60L 3/00; vehicle lighting systems adapted to indicate speed B60Q 1/54; determining position or course in navigation, measuring ground distance in geodesy or surveying G01C; combined measuring devices for measuring two or more variables of movement G01C 23/00; measuring velocity of sound G01H; measuring velocity of light G01J 7/00; measuring direction or velocity of solid objects by reception or emission of radiowaves or other waves and based on propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effect, propagation time, direction of propagation, G01S; measuring speed of nuclear radiation G01T; measuring acceleration of gravity G01V; {measuring or recording the speed of trains B61L 23/00; speed indicators incorporated in motor vehicles B60K 35/00; measuring frequency or phase G01R; traffic control G08G})
Definition statement

This place covers:

Means to measure linear or angular rate of change of position of solid bodies or fluid mediums (speed, velocity).

Means to measure rate of change of linear or angular speed or velocity (acceleration, deceleration, shock) of solid bodies or fluid mediums.

Means to indicate or record movement of solid bodies or fluid mediums (presence, absence or direction).

Means to test or calibrate apparatus or devices covered by this subclass.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Combined measuring devices measuring two or more variables of movement, e.g. distance, speed, acceleration

G01C 23/00

Measuring volume flow or mass flow

G01F

Measuring the velocity of ultrasonic, sonic (sound) or infrasonic waves

G01H 5/00

Measuring velocity of light

G01J 7/00

Measuring speed of nuclear or X-radiation

G01T

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Measuring or recording blood flow

A61B 5/02, A61B 8/06

Monitoring speed or acceleration of electrically-propelled vehicles

B60L 3/00

Vehicle optical or lighting devices adapted to indicate speed

B60Q 1/54

Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or vehicle trains

B61L 23/00

For determining direction or velocity of solid objects by reflection or reradiation of radio or other waves and based on propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effect, propagation time, direction of propagation

G01S

Measuring acceleration of gravity

G01V 7/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles

B60K 35/00

Determining position or course in navigation, measuring ground distance in geodesy or surveying

G01C

Gyroscopes or turn-sensitive devices per se

G01C 19/00

Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable

G01D 5/00

Measuring torque

G01L 3/00

Testing structures or apparatus not otherwise provided for

G01M

Measuring frequency or phase

G01R

Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g., humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover, wind speed

G01W 1/02

Measuring short time intervals

G04F

Systems for control of linear speed, angular speed, acceleration or deceleration, e.g. governors

G05D 13/00

Devices for counting moving objects in general

G06M

Registering or indicating the working conditions of vehicles

G07C 5/00

Traffic control

G08G

Details of instruments
Definition statement

This place covers:

Aspects of housings, e.g. related to providing particular operational conditions for the sensors, or indicating devices or recording devices

Housings
Definition statement

This place covers:

Support / mountings of sensors;

Sensor housings; e.g. protection against environmental influences;

Housings: also sensor encapsulations, overmoulding, potting.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable

G01D 11/245

Special rules of classification

Means for mounting the sensor in a defined position or orientation should additionally classified in G01P 1/00

{for acceleration measuring devices}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Housings for microstructural devices or systems in general

B81B

Measuring frequency or phase

G01R

Special rules of classification

For wafer-level encapsulation Indexing Code G01P 2015/088 should be used.

Special adaptations of driving means
Definition statement

This place covers:

(Mechanical) transmission elements between rotating object (the speed of which is determined) and

The speed indicator; e.g. flexible tachometer shaft or gearings therefor.

{Speed recorders}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Indicating working conditions of vehicles

G07C 5/08

Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds (G01P 5/00 - G01P 11/00 take precedence; {direction and speed indication G01P 13/045}; counting mechanisms G06M)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft

G01P 5/00

Measuring speed by integrating acceleration

G01P 7/00

Measuring average value of speed

G01P 11/00

Direction and speed indication

G01P 13/045

Inertial angular velocity / angular rate sensors using gyroscopic effects

G01C 19/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Devices for counting moving objects in general

G06M

{by using fluidic impulse generators}
Definition statement

This place covers:

(E.g. detection of cyclical modulation of fluid flow or pressure)

{by using a vortex chamber}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Detection of deflection of fluid streams caused by gyroscopic effects.

Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light (G01P 3/68 takes precedence; gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams G01C 19/64)
Definition statement

This place covers:

E.g. spacial filtering; speckle velocimetry;

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Determination of time taken to traverse a fixed distance using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light

G01P 3/68

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Evaluation of sequences of (video-) camera images and of image processing

G01P 3/38;

Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams

G01C 19/64

Velocity measurements using electromagnetic waves per se

G01S 17/00, G01S 17/58

Determination of speed relative to a surface by using image analysis see also

G06T 7/20

Special rules of classification

When classifying in this group, classification should also be considered in G01S 17/00, in particular G01S 17/58

{by using diffraction of light (for measuring speed of fluids G01P 5/26)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Optical velocity measurement exploiting the Doppler effect; e.g. LDA,LDV; determining velocity over rough surfaces.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Measuring speed of fluids

G01P 5/26

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

General aspects, i.e. not related to rough surfaces, of optical Doppler measurements of velocity of solid objects

G01S 17/00

Optical mice

G06F 3/00

for measuring angular speed (G01P 3/56 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Use of electric or magnetic means for comparing two speeds

G01P 3/56

Determination of speed of an electric motor being based on model assumptions of the motor (e.g. speed determination from back-EMF)

H02P

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Speed sensors in internal combustion engines

F02D 41/345

Speed sensors in electric motors;

H02K 11/21

Speed sensors in commutatorless electric motors

H02K 29/14

{mounted in bearings (bearings F16C)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The pick-up, and/or the encoder being integrated in a bearing unit or being designed in a particular manner for the purpose of being integrated in the bearing unit;

The detector elements being directly mounted to the bearing rings or to seal arrangements of the bearing.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Sensors being integrated in bearing seals

F16J 15/326

by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage {(in general G01R 23/00)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The detection of physical parameters for deriving frequency information, e.g. microwave pick-ups or acoustic pick-ups.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Detection of fluid flow or pressure pulses see

G01P 3/263

Arrangements for measuring frequencies in general

G01R 23/00

{by using electronic circuits in general}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Using analogue circuits.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Digital circuits for measuring speed from pulse signals

G01P 3/489

of pulse signals
Definition statement

This place covers:

Conditioning of raw sensor signals in order to provide standardized signals (e.g. square pulses or sinusoidal signals) from which frequency, timing, phase information or directional information may be extracted.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Extraction of speed information only by analogue means to be classified in

G01P 3/4802

Extraction of speed information from these standardized pulse signals by digital means to be classified in

G01P 3/489

Extraction of information relating to the direction of movement to be classified in

G01P 13/04

delivered by photo-electric detectors
Definition statement

This place covers:

Detectors making use of encoders having optical properties.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Optical speed detectors not using encoders

G01P 3/36, G01P 3/68

delivered by rotating magnets
Definition statement

This place covers:

Rotating permanent magnets or encoders comprising sections of permanent magnets (hard magnetic material).

delivered by variable reluctance detectors
Definition statement

This place covers:

Encoders made of ferromagnetic (soft magnetic) materials;

Encoders made of electrically conductive materials in which induced eddy currents are generating the magnetic fields to be detected;

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Encoders of electrically conductive materials where electrostatic fields are detected

G01P 3/483

Rotating magnet encoders

G01P 3/487

Eddy current in general

G01P 3/49

Digital circuits therefor
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Analogue circuits in

G01P 3/4802

using eddy currents
Definition statement

This place covers:

Using eddy currents which are generated in continuous electrically conductive means.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Determination of acceleration using eddy current effects

G01P 15/003

Special rules of classification

Magnetic detection of pulse signals originating from eddy currents being generated in encoders made of electrically conductive material (e.g. aluminum tooth wheel) are additionally classified in G01P 3/488.

Devices characterised by the determination or the variation of atmospheric pressure with height to measure the vertical components of speed (measuring pressure in general G01L)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Determination of barometric height per se

G01C 5/06

Measuring pressure in general

G01L

Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Vehicle speed measurement in traffic control systems

G08G 1/052

Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft (application of speed-measuring devices for measuring volume of fluid G01F)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Measuring of speed or velocity of fluids (liquids of gases) in an open space (e.g. wind velocity, velocity of air in a building).

Relationships with other classification places

G01P 5/24 and G01P 5/26 relate to the determination of velocity of fluids by using optical or acoustical waves, e.g. Doppler effect, propagation time, irrespective of the relevance of propagation effects.

G01S relates to the determination of velocity of fluids by using optical or acoustical waves, e.g. Doppler effect, propagation time, when propagation effects are relevant and therefore should also be considered for classification and search.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Application of fluid speed measurement where the purpose is to determine volume flow or mass flow through tubes

G01F

{Full-field flow measurement, e.g. determining flow velocity and direction in a whole region at the same time, flow visualisation}
Definition statement

This place covers:

E.g. Flow field visualisation by tracers..

Special rules of classification

Further details of the sensors should additionally be classified in the subgroups according to the physical detection principle, e.g. G01P 5/02, G01P 5/26, G01P 5/10, etc.

using auto-correlation or cross-correlation detection means
Definition statement

This place covers:

Characterisation of the collective movement of the particles of a volume section of the fluid stream

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Using auto-correlation or cross-correlation detection means

G01P 5/22

Determination of the speed of individual particles in the fluid stream

G01N 15/00

by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
Special rules of classification

When classifying in this group, classification should also be considered in G01S 15/00

by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
Definition statement

This place covers:

E.g. particle image velocimetry [PIV], speckle velocimetry, optical Doppler velocimetry..

Special rules of classification

When classifying in this group, classification should also be considered in G01S 17/00, in particular G01S 17/58, G01S 17/95

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

PIV

particle image velocimetry

Measuring speed by integrating acceleration (measuring travelled distance by double integration of acceleration G01C 21/16)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Measuring speed by integrating acceleration.

References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups

A63B 24/00

Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks

B60R 21/00

Determining control parameters used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters

B60T 8/172

Measuring travelled distance by double integration of acceleration

G01C 21/16

Programme-control systems

G05B 19/00

Measuring average value of speed (by determining time taken to traverse a fixed distance G01P 3/64, G01P 5/18)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Determining the average speed of a statistical ensemble.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

By determining time taken by solid bodies to traverse a fixed distance

G01P 3/64

By determining time taken by fluid volumes to traverse a fixed distance

G01P 5/18

Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement (electric switches H01H; counting moving objects G06M 7/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Only detection of presence or absence of movement

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Counting moving objects

G06M 7/00

Burglar, theft or intruder alarms with electrical actuation

G08B 13/00

Electric switches

H01H

Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
Definition statement

This place covers:

Direction in two or more dimensions.

Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Damage indicators on helmets

A42B 3/067

In footwear

A43B 3/00

Medical diagnostics

A61B 5/00

Sensors for sports or training purposes

A63B 24/00

Vehicle collision indicators

B60R 21/013

Inclination detection

G01C 9/00

Pedometers

G01C 22/00

Data input devices

G06F 3/033

{by measuring acceleration changes by making use of a triple differentiation of a displacement signal}
Definition statement

This place covers:

General aspects of shock detection, impact detection.

Special rules of classification

Particular acceleration-related shock detection principles should also be classified in their relevant subgroups of G01P 15/03 or G01P 15/08.

{Kinematic accelerometers, i.e. measuring acceleration in relation to an external reference frame, e.g. Ferratis accelerometers (G01P 15/001, G01P 15/16, G01P 15/165 take precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Non-inertial sensors.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Measuring acceleration by measuring acceleration changes by making use of a triple differentiation of a displacement signal

G01P 15/001

Measuring acceleration by evaluating the time-derivative of a measured speed signal

G01P 15/16

{by using thermal pick-up}
Definition statement

This place covers:

E.g. using thermal pick-up being responsive to acceleration induced change of convection of air streams.

{by using fluidic means}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Detection of deflection of a fluid jet;

detection of fluid flow being influenced by acceleration induced movement of a solid mass.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Inertial sensors having fluid seismic masses

G01P 15/006

using members subjected to a permanent deformation
Definition statement

This place covers:

Mechanical shock indicators, e.g. breakable liquid filled vials, breakable or permanently deformable beams or membranes.

with conversion into electric or magnetic values
Special rules of classification

Further aspects of sensor devices covered by G01P 15/08 but not provided for in any of its subgroups and not being related to the physical detection principle of displacement of seismic masses per se are mandatorily classified under the indexing scheme of G01P 15/08.

{Details}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Exclusively concerning details of the manufacture process (e.g. patterning of movable electrodes) or purely manufacture related structural elements of accelerometers (e.g. layered structure of a flexural beam).

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

General aspects of micromachining and of micromachined devices

B81B, B81C

by photoelectric pick-up
Definition statement

This place covers:

Also including optical fibre accelerometers.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Optical vibration detection

G01H 9/004

Geophysical vibration detection

G01V 1/18

by vibratory elements
Definition statement

This place covers:

Only those vibratory elements, which provide acceleration detection based on determination of acceleration dependent resonance frequency.

by magnetically sensitive devices
Definition statement

This place covers:

E.g. Hall pick-ups, magnetoresistive pick-ups..

{by semiconductor devices comprising at least one PN junction, e.g. transistors}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Including acceleration responsive FETs.

by capacitive pick-up
Definition statement

This place covers:

Structural aspects of sensor capacitors; circuits for capacitive pick-up.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Capacitive displacement sensors

G01D 5/24

Measurement of capacitance per se

G01R 27/2605

Switched capacitor networks per se

H03H 19/004

Capacitive proximity switches

H03K 17/975

by making use of contacts which are actuated by a movable inertial mass
Definition statement

This place covers:

Single contacts for acceleration threshold measurement or wiper contacts for measurement over continuous acceleration ranges.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Acceleration responsive switches per se

H01H 35/14

Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups
Definition statement

This place covers:

Testing or calibrating while sensor being mounted on calibration table or test bench or selftest or selfcalibration during use of the sensor.