CPC Definition - Subclass F42B
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EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION (explosive compositions C06B; fuzes F42C; blasting F42D) Definition statement This place covers: This subclass covers all mechanical and materials aspects of ammunition of all calibres, explosive charges, fireworks, non-firearm projectiles/missiles. It also covers the aspects of manufacturing, destructions, dismantling, testing and packaging of ammunition. It further covers accessories for use with ammunition not elsewhere classified. The classification is generally only based on structural and functional aspects, irrespective of caliber scaling/sizing. Relationships with other classification places C06B: Chemical aspects of explosives, explosive compositions C06C: Chemical aspects of primers and detonators References Limiting references This place does not cover:
Special rules of classification The following IPC groups are not used in the CPC. Subject matter covered by these groups is classified in the following CPC groups: F42B 12/40 covered by F42B 12/40, A01K 11/00 Glossary of terms In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container Definition statement This place covers: Configuration, shape, manufacturing processes of explosive charges per se. Shaped charges forming explosively formed projectiles or jets. Shaped or hollow charges (blasting cartridges with cavities in the charge F42B 3/08; oil winning using shaped-charge perforators E21B 43/116) Definition statement This place covers: A hollow charge is a container filled with an explosive at least one side of the explosive having a concave hollow, which collapses upon detonation, the detonation of the explosive being initiated at the side opposite of the hollow. The hollow may be conical in shape to produce a jet or hemi-spherical to produce a projectile. The hollow is usually delimited by a liner. A more generic shaped charge may have a convex active surface with an optional liner. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Glossary of terms In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Synonyms and Keywords In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
provided with embedded bodies of inert material References Limiting references This place does not cover:
Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive (fuse cords, e.g. detonating fuse cords C06C 5/00; chemical aspects of detonators, blasting caps or primers C06C 7/00) Definition statement This place covers: Includes blasting cartridges per se, i.e. the assembly of an outer protecting case containing a predefined amount of explosive, ready for the use in blasting operation. Usually the case has a provision for inserting or attaching an initiator or detonator. Further inlcudes initiators for the blasting cartridges and means for mounting the initator to the blasting cartridge. Also included are detonation wave guides in blasting cartridges and explosive bolts. Also includes means for initiation or detonation. Includes gas generators and explosive bolts. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
for producing gas under pressure {(generators of inflation fluid especially adapted for vehicle air bags B60R 21/26)} References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
with cavities in the charge, e.g. hollow-charge blasting cartridges References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Mounting initiator heads in initiators; Sealing-plugs Definition statement This place covers: Includes anchoring pins or electric lead wires in a sealing plug. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
Manufacture References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fireworks, i.e. pyrotechnic devices for amusement, display, illumination or signal purposes (signalling by explosives G08B; advertising by fireworks G09F 13/46; {signalling by pyrotechnics in railway systems B61L 5/20}) Definition statement This place covers: Includes all mechanical aspects of fireworks for amusement purposes. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Special rules of classification The only defence aspect in this main group is in the flares in F42B 4/26 for signalling, illuminating and as leurres/decoys. characterised by having holder or support other than casing, e.g. whirler or spike support {(supports for flares or torches F42B 4/26)} Definition statement This place covers: Includes containers for fireworks that serve as packaging for storage and transport and also serve as launch units. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Flares; Torches {(mines for practice or training containing flares or illuminating charges F42B 8/28; projectiles of illuminating type F42B 12/42)} Definition statement This place covers: Flares for signalling, illuminating and as leurres/decoys. Flares consisting of stacked platelets or disc shaped pellets use "platelets". Flares consisting of elongated packages filled with slow burning chemical compositions with high electromagnetic spectrum output that burn down from one end as torches. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges (shotgun ammunition F42B 7/00; practice or training ammunition F42B 8/00; missiles therefor F42B 12/00, F42B 14/00, F42B 15/00) Definition statement This place covers: A cartridge is traditionally considered to be the combination of projectile, propellant, primer and cartridge case into a single unit. This subclass further includes caseless ammunitions, i.e. a unit comprising a formed propellant, primer and projectile without a case. This main group covers all the cartridged ammunitions except for the shotgun ammunitions, which are covered in F42B 7/00. Also comprises separately packaged propellant charges for artillery gun. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Glossary of terms In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Synonyms and Keywords In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used with the meaning indicated:
Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
{characterised by the dimension of the case or the missile} Definition statement This place covers: Includes identification markings on case or projectile. {the cartridge or barrel assembly having a plurality of axially stacked projectiles each having a separate propellant charge} Definition statement This place covers: Roman candle type guns, e.g. Metal Storm type. modified for electric ignition Definition statement This place covers: Includes optical ignition. characterised by composition or physical dimensions or form of propellant charge, {with or without projectile,} or powder (chemical composition C06B; {F42B 5/24 takes precedence}) References Limiting references This place does not cover:
Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Separately-loaded propellant charges, e.g. cartridge bags {(F42B 5/16, F42B 5/192 take precedence)} References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Projectiles or missiles specially adapted for projection without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge, e.g. for blow guns, bows or crossbows, hand-held spring or air guns (for delivering hypodermic charges F42B 12/54; projectiles or missiles incorporating springs as the projecting means F41B 7/02; {Arrows or darts for dispensing materials, for producing chemical or physical reaction, or for signalling F42B 12/362}) Definition statement This place covers: All projectiles or missiles which are not propelled from a firearm, i.e. not propelled by the combustion of a propellant in the cartridge chamber of a firearm's barrel, including darts, arrows, crossbow bolts, harpoons, fish spears, airgun pellets, paint balls, throwing stars or other non-standard-dart sharp throwing objects excluding knives and axes. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
{Darts} Definition statement This place covers: Includes throwing stars or other non-standard-dart sharp throwing objects excluding knives and axes. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Synonyms and Keywords In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
Arrows; Crossbow bolts; Harpoons for hand-held spring or air guns References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrow heads; Harpoon heads Special rules of classification Includes suction cup or soft tip safety tips for arrows and darts. Shotgun ammunition Definition statement This place covers: All projectiles or missiles specially adapted to be fired from a smooth bore shotgun barrel for shot pellets or from a rifled shotgun barrel for slugs. In literature a difference between birdshot and buckshot is made, however in the classification scheme these difference in shot dimension is not taken into account, i.e. bird- and buckshot will be both classified under F42B 7/04. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Practice or training ammunition Definition statement This place covers: Ammunition either devoid of - or with strongly reduced - propellant energy or warhead energy, in order to enable safe and cost-efficient weapon's training, i.e. including inert or dummy ammunition and reduced energy ammunition. Cartridges {(F41A 33/02, F42B 7/12 take precedence)} References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding (F42B 6/00 takes precedence) Definition statement This place covers: Mechanical means for influencing, temporarily or constantly the aerodynamic properties of a projectile or missile or otherwise change its trajectory, i.e. the means physically influencing the projectile or missile to change behaviour. The influence being either the change of trajectory of the projectile or missile by intentional steering through remote control or on board control, the steering being effected with flight surfaces, thrust vector control or centre of gravity displacement. Alternatively the influence being the range increasing or the projectile or missile with aerodynamic means such as streamlined projectiles or lift inducing flight surfaces. Alternatively the influence could be the range reducing of the projectiles with aerodynamic spoilers or similar means. Alternatively the influence could be the fall retarding means, like parachutes or rotochutes, either with dropped warheads or in the final descent of the parabolic flight of a projectile. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
Special rules of classification The electronic or logic control of the mechanical influencing means of this main group is covered in the groups F41G 7/00. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
Streamlined nose cones; Windshields; Radomes {(F42B 12/105 takes precedence)} References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material (F42B 6/00, F42B 10/00, F42B 14/00 take precedence; for practice or training F42B 8/12, F42B 8/28; self-propulsion or guidance aspects F42B 15/00) Definition statement This place covers: The warheads of self-propelled missiles and rockets as well as projectiles which are not self propelled (F42B 15/00) are classified according to two major aspects, i.e. their intended effect (F42B 12/02-F42B 12/72) and the material of the projectile (F42B 12/74-F42B 12/82). In this whole main group, the ammunition is classified according to functional features. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Special rules of classification In this main group classification is performed disregarding parameters such as calibres, weight and dimensions. In case of multi-role, multiple purpose, multi-aspect or multiple warhead ammunition, classification in more than one group may be necessary. {Projectiles transmitting information to a remote location using optical or electronic means (F42B 12/385 takes precedence)} References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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of tracer type Definition statement This place covers: Tracer projectiles by means of radiation caused by pyrotechnical compositions. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
of target-marking, i.e. impact-indicating type (F42B 12/48, {F42B 12/50} take precedence) Definition statement This place covers: Includes marking with paint, e.g. paintball or with smoke or similar liquid or powdery substances. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
of illuminating type, e.g. carrying flares Definition statement This place covers: Includes flash-bang hand grenades. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Special rules of classification Double classify flash-bangs hand grenades in F42B 27/00. of incendiary type (F42B 12/46 takes precedence) References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Fuel-air explosive devices Definition statement This place covers: Thermobaric warheads, i.e. destruction though synergetic effect of excessive heat, pressure. Chain-shot, i.e. the submissiles being interconnected by chains or the like {(ballistically deployed systems for restraining persons or animals F41H 13/0006)} References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Line-carrying missiles, e.g. for life-saving (harpoons F42B 30/14 {, mine-clearing snakes F41H 11/14}) References Limiting references This place does not cover:
Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels Definition statement This place covers: Includes the means for guiding the projectiles with nominal calibre inside the barrel with one ore more malleable driving bands around the periphery of the projectile. Also includes obturators for sealing the projectile so that no propellant gas leaks around the projectile. Further includes coatings on projectiles with provisions for lubricating, i.e. reducing the friction between the barrel and the projectile. Also includes all the sub-calibre projectiles, in particular the means for guiding them inside the normal calibre barrel, such as obturator plates and sabots. Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles (F42B 10/00, F42B 12/00, F42B 14/00 take precedence: for practice or training F42B 8/12: rocket torpedoes F42B 17/00; marine torpedoes F42B 19/00; cosmonautic vehicles B64G; jet-propulsion plants F02K) Definition statement This place covers: This main group covers all the missiles and projectiles with their own propulsion system and/or guidance system. The rockets and missiles must have at least part of their trajectory in the air. These self-propelled missiles main group is structured according to the following aspects: Mechanical and integrated arrangements for guidance or control mounted on the missile. Their application without warhead (measurement instruments carriers) The medium they are designed for (air or water and air). Functional features such as heat shields/cooling arrangements and multi-stage rocket connectors and/or disconnectors. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Special rules of classification The only exception of missiles and projectiles with their own propulsion system and/or guidance system not covered in this main group are the rocket torpedoes, which are covered in F42B 17/00. using wire, e.g. for guiding ground-to-ground rockets References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
for carrying measuring instruments; {Arrangements for mounting sensitive cargo within a projectile} (adaptations for meteorology G01W 1/08); {Arrangements for acoustic sensitive cargo within a projectile} References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Protection against overheating or radiation, e.g. heat shields; Additional cooling arrangements {(thermal protection fitted in or to cosmonautic vehicles B64G 1/58)} References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Means for interconnecting rocket-motor and body section; Multi-stage connectors; Disconnecting means References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Rocket torpedoes, i.e. missiles provided with separate propulsion means for movement through air and through water (F42B 12/00 takes precedence) Definition statement This place covers: A rocket torpedo is a special case of a self-propelled projectile or missile. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
Special rules of classification Guidance aspects and specific structural aspects need to be classified in F42B 15/00 if applicable. If relevant, documents containing details relating to the underwater trajectory should also be classified in any of the subgroups F42B 19/005 (nose caps etc.), F42B 19/01, F42B 19/04, F42B 19/06, F42B 19/08, F42B 19/10 (steering control aspects). Marine torpedoes, e.g. launched by surface vessels or submarines (having additional propulsion means for movement through air F42B 17/00); Sea mines having self-propulsion means (F42B 12/00 takes precedence; launching means F41F; locating by use of radio or other waves G01S; automatic control of course G05D 1/00; firing directors or calculators G06G) Definition statement This place covers: All aspects relating to torpedo, i.e. self-propelled and/or guided missile with a trajectory mainly under water, they may be lauched from surface vessels or aircraft, however their auto-propulsion system is designed for underwater use. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Special rules of classification References F42B 17/00; F41F, G01S, G05D 1/00 and G06G are non-limiting in the main group F42B 19/00. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved. remotely controlled, e.g. by sonic or radio control (control systems using wire F41G 7/32) References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Special rules of classification Looping references between F42B 19/10 and F41G 7/00 have been identified. Until this inconsistency is resolved, the current classification practice in CPC is as follows:
Depth charges (F42B 12/00 takes precedence; for practice or training F42B 8/28; laying aspects B63G) Definition statement This place covers: Anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapon intended to destroy or cripple a target submarine by the shock of exploding near it. Most use explosives and a fuze set to go off at a preselected depth in the ocean. Depth charges can be dropped by either surface ships, patrol aircraft, or from helicopters. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Marine mines, e.g. launched by surface vessels or submarines (F42B 12/00 takes precedence; for practice or training F42B 8/28; mine laying or sweeping B63G) Definition statement This place covers: A marine mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to destroy surface ships or submarines. Mines are deployed from ships, submarines and aircraft and usually left unattended until they are triggered by the approach of, or contact with, an enemy vessel. Marine mines can be used offensively—to hamper enemy shipping movements or lock vessels into a harbour; or defensively—to protect friendly vessels and create "safe" zones. The main group is organised according to the functionality or the mine, the deployments aspects, tactical aspects and detail structural features. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Synonyms and Keywords In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
Land mines {; Land torpedoes} (F42B 12/00 takes precedence; for practice or training F42B 8/28) Definition statement This place covers: A land mine is a self-contained explosive device placed on the ground or buried under the ground with the intention to destroy ground vehicles or harm infantrymen. Mines are deployed manually according to a very detailed planned pattern or scattered from minelaying vehicles of cargo ammunitions and usually left unattended until they are triggered by the approach of, or contact with, a vehicle or a person. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Special rules of classification Since the entry into force of the ottawa treaty internationally banning land mines, the amount of new patent applications aimed at anti-personel mines is negligible and the groups F42B 23/10 and lower are stagnant. However non-lethal anti-personel devices for perimeter restrictions using electical stun technology, repellants or electromagnetic fields are classified in F42B 23/10 for their tactical similarity. Fall bombs (F42B 10/00, F42B 12/00 take precedence; for practice or training F42B 8/12 {; gliding type bombs F42B 15/105}) Definition statement This place covers: A conventional aircraft-delivered bomb that does not contain a guidance system and hence, simply follows a gravitationally imposed ballistic trajectory. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Hand grenades (F42B 12/00 takes precedence; for practice or training F42B 8/12) Definition statement This place covers: A conventional hand grenade is an explosive device with an explosive charge, an enclosing casing and a initiator arrangement, adapted to be thrown by hand. Traditionally the grenade has timing means to delay detonation until the grenade is sufficiently remote from the person throwing it. Embodiments with impact fuzes or the like are exceptions. Furthermore the casing of the grenade can be designed so as to create splinters upon detonation. The explosive charge is meant to cause blast (offensive grenade) and/or spread fragments (defensive grenades). This main group also includes non-lethal hand grenades or hand grenades with reduced lethality, such as flash-bang or stun grenades. Finally smoke/gas/incendiary/illuminating grenades specially adapted to be thrown by hand are included in this main group. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Special rules of classification Smoke/gas/incendiary/illuminating/flash-bang grenades specially adapted to be thrown by hand must be double classified in F42B 12/00 or F41H 13/00 for their functional and intended effect features. Noiseless, smokeless, or flashless missiles launched by their own explosive propellant References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Special rules of classification Cartridged ammunition with means for retaining the residues of their propellant after its consumption in a sealed chamber or compartment to avoid any audible or visible indication of a shot being fired except for the launched projectile. Projectiles or missiles, not otherwise provided for, characterised by the ammunition class or type, e.g. by the launching apparatus or weapon used (F42B 10/00, F42B 12/00, F42B 14/00 take precedence) Definition statement This place covers: In this main group ammunition is mainly classified according to the launcher the ammunition is made to be launched from, i.e. bullets (for smallarms), grenades for launching form a rifle or specifically made for ordnance like mortars (larger calibre guns) and pyrotechnically launched (not hand held) harpoons. Further this main group has two detail entries for structural details not covered anywhere else, i.e. closures or base plates of projectiles and sensor mounts on projectiles. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
Special rules of classification Ammunition specially adapted for a specific launcher not listed in this main group need to be classified in the main group F42B 30/00. In general, documents classified in the groups according to the launchers, i.e. F42B 30/02-F42B 30/14, should be double classified in F42B 5/00-F42B 29/00 according to the structural or functional features , e.g. materials for the projectile body or jackets F42B 12/72. {Mounting of sensors, antennas or target trackers on projectiles} References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Bullet traps or bullet decelerators therefor References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor (F42B 5/188 takes precedence; manufacturing processes for hollow charges F42B 1/036; manufacture of blasting cartridge initiators F42B 3/195) Definition statement This place covers: Processes and devices for initial manufacturing of an ammunition as well as processes and devices for reconditioning/reusing ammunition or parts of ammunitions. Also includes processes and devices for dismantling or controlled destruction of unused ammunition. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets or bombs ({F42B 33/004 and} F42B 33/04 take precedence; {elimination of undesirable components of explosives C06B 21/0091}) Definition statement This place covers: This group includes the dismantling of ammunition with the aim of avoiding the triggering of a catastrophic detonation, e.g. by chemical bath, deep freezing, incinerator, laser cutting of the mantle. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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{by combustion (incineration apparatuses or processes for used articles F23G 7/003)} Definition statement This place covers: This class includes destruction of ammunition by combustion in the sense of incineration, i.e. no pressure confinement chambers or detonators are used. The aim is the deflagration at low pressure of the explosive to be destroyed. Incineration in fluidised bed reactors. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Testing or checking of ammunition {(apparatus for measuring the energy of projectiles G01L 5/14)} Definition statement This place covers: It includes the testing and checking of ammunition before the use, i.e during manufacturing, during storage or just prior to launch/deployment. It further inlcudes processes and devices for the forensic testing of smallarms ammunition after an incident or crime. Also includes firing test batches in specialised testing devices equipped with measuring instruments and/or high speed cameras; specialised testing devices therefore. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bags Definition statement This place covers: Packaging of ammunition, e.g. cartridges, projectiles, warheads, rocket engines, fuzes, primers, self-contained propellants, detonators or explosives for safe storage and transport (in vehicle or worn on body). References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Cartridge bags; Bandoleers Definition statement This place covers: Belt or webbing worn ammunition pouches or magazine pouches or speedloader holsters. Holders for extra ammunition mounted on the outside of a gun or gunstock. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cartridge belts Definition statement This place covers: Means facilitating the feeding of ammunition to automatic firearms, i.e. cartridges carried by a textile band or by carrier units each holding one cartridge, the carrier units being sequentially connected to each other by connecting elements or connected to each other by belt links, each belt link holding one cartridge and embracing the previous or subsequent cartridge. Includes solid inflexible metal strips or racks acting similar to belts (Hotchkiss type or Japanese Model 01 (1941)or japanese Type 92 HMG). References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Explosion or fire protection arrangements on packages or ammunition (F42B 39/20 {and F42B 39/24} take precedence; {wall or panel structure of fireproof safes or storage containers E05G 1/024}) Definition statement This place covers: Arrangements for reducing damage effects from the outside environment, e.g. fire, on the ammunition. References Limiting references This place does not cover:
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Packages or ammunition having valves for pressure-equalising; Packages or ammunition having plugs for pressure release, e.g. meltable {Blow-out panels; Venting arrangements (ventilating arrangements on packages formed from foldable or erectable blanks B65D 5/4295; packages with pressure-relief valves incorporated in a container wall B65D 77/225)} Definition statement This place covers: Venting arrangements including pyrotechnic cutting arrangements Arrangements for reducing damage to the outside environment caused by unintended activation of the ammunition itself, e.g. pressure or heat build up. References Informative references Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
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