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CPC
COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION
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F01D
NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES (machines or engines for liquids F03; non-positive displacement pumps F04D)
NOTE
-
This subclass covers:

- non-positive-displacement engines for elastic fluids, e.g.
steam turbines;
- non-positive-displacement engines for liquids and elastic
fluids;
- non-positive-displacement machines for elastic fluids;
- non-positive-displacement machines for liquids and elastic
fluids.

Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01, especially as regards the definitions of "reaction type", e.g. with airfoil-like blades, and "impulse type", e.g. bucket turbines.

WARNING
-

The following IPC groups are not used in the CPC system. Subject matter covered by these groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F01D 5/32 covered by F01D 5/30

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F01D 1/00
Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines (wit working-fluid flows in opposite axial directions for balancing axial thrust F01D 3/02; with other than pure rotation F01D 23/00; turbines characterised by their use in special steam systems, cycles, or processes, regulating devices therefor F01K)
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F01D 1/02
.
with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor,
{
e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
}
(F01D 1/24 takes precedence; without stationary working-fluid guiding means F01D 1/18)
F01D 1/023
. .
{
the working-fluid being divided into several separate flows (F01D 3/02 takes precedence); several seperate fluid flows being united in a single flow; the machine or engine having provision for two or more different possible fluid flow paths
}
F01D 1/026
. .
{
Impact turbines with buckets, i.e. impulse turbines e.g. Pelton turbines (F01D 1/16, F01D 1/34 take precedence)
}
F01D 1/04
. .
traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
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F01D 1/06
. .
traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
F01D 1/08
. . .
having inward flow
F01D 1/10
. .
having two or more stages subjected to working-fluid flow without essential intermediate pressure change, i.e. with velocity stages (F01D 1/12 takes precedence)
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F01D 1/12
. .
with repeated action on same blade ring
F01D 1/14
. . .
traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
F01D 1/16
. .
characterised by having both reaction stages and impulse stages
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F01D 1/18
.
without stationary working-fluid guiding means; (F01D 1/24, F01D 1/32, F01D 1/34 take precedence;
{
with pressure-velocity transformation exclusively in rotor F01D 1/32
}
)
F01D 1/20
. .
traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
F01D 1/22
. .
traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
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F01D 1/24
.
characterised by counter-rotating rotors subjected to same working fluid stream without intermediate stator blades or the like
F01D 1/26
. .
traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
F01D 1/28
. .
traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
F01D 1/30
.
characterised by having a single rotor operable in either direction of rotation, e.g. by reversing of blades (combinations of machines or engines F01D 13/00)
F01D 1/32
.
with pressure velocity transformation exclusively in rotor, e.g. the rotor rotating under the influence of jets issuing from the rotor,
{
e.g. Heron turbines (the working fluid being a combustion products F02C 3/165; jet propulsion plants per se F02K)
}
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F01D 1/34
.
characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes (F01D 1/32 takes precedence; sirens G10K 7/00
{
impact turbines with buckets F01D 1/026; hand-held tools with a non-bladed rotor F01D 15/067
}
)
F01D 1/36
. .
using fluid friction
F01D 1/38
. .
of the screw type
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F01D 3/00
Machines or engines with axial-thrust balancing effected by working-fluid
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F01D 3/02
.
characterised by having one fluid flow in one axial direction and another fluid flow in the opposite direction
F01D 3/025
. .
{
with a centrally disposed radial stage
}
F01D 3/04
.
axial thrust being compensated by thrust-balancing dummy piston or the like
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F01D 5/00
Blades; Blade-carrying members (nozzle boxes F01D 9/02); Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or anti-vibration means on the blades or the members
{
special arrangements in rotors dealing with breaking off of part thereof F01D 21/045
}
F01D 5/005
.
{
Repairing methods or devices
}
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F01D 5/02
.
Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors (rotors of non-bladed type F01D 1/34; stators F01D 9/00)
{
selecting particular materials F01D 5/28
}
F01D 5/021
. .
{
for flow machines or engines with only one axial stage (for more than one stage F01D 5/06)
}
F01D 5/022
. .
{
with concentric rows of axial blades
}
F01D 5/023
. .
{
of the screw type
}
F01D 5/025
. .
{
Fixing blade carrying members on shafts (attachment of a member on a shaft in general F16D 1/06; for non-positive displacement pumps F04D 29/00)
}
F01D 5/026
. .
{
Shaft to shaft connections
}
F01D 5/027
. .
{
Arrangements for balancing (for balancing rotating bodies in general F16F 15/32; for compensating unbalance G01M 1/36)
}
F01D 5/028
. .
{
the rotor disc being formed of sheet laminae (rotor blade aggregates of unitary construction F01D 5/34)
}
F01D 5/03
. .
Annular blade-carrying members having blades on the inner periphery of the annulus and extending inwardly radially, i.e. inverted rotors
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F01D 5/04
. .
for radial-flow machines or engines
F01D 5/041
. . .
{
of the Ljungström type
}
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F01D 5/043
. . .
{
of the axial inlet- radial outlet, or vice-versa, type
}
F01D 5/045
. . . .
{
the wheel comprising two adjacent bladed wheel portions e.g. with interengaging blades for damping vibrations
}
F01D 5/046
. . . .
{
Heating, heat insulation or cooling means
}
F01D 5/048
. . . .
{
Form or construction
}
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F01D 5/06
. .
Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple disc type; Details thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections
{
F01D 5/022, F01D 5/023 take precedence
}
F01D 5/063
. . .
{
Welded rotors (welding per se B23K)
}
F01D 5/066
. . .
{
Connecting means for joining rotor-discs or rotor-elements together, e.g. by a central bolt, by clamps
}
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F01D 5/08
. .
Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
{
specially adapted for radial flow machines or engines F01D 5/04
}
Collapse
F01D 5/081
. . .
{
Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades (F01D 5/087 takes precedence)
}
F01D 5/082
. . . .
{
on the side of the rotor disc
}
F01D 5/084
. . . .
{
the fluid circulating at the periphery of a multistage rotor, e.g. of drum type
}
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F01D 5/085
. . .
{
cooling fluid circulating inside the rotor
}
F01D 5/087
. . . .
{
in the radial passages of the rotor disc
}
F01D 5/088
. . . .
{
in a closed cavity
}
F01D 5/10
. .
Anti- vibration means
{
(specially adapted for radial flow machines or engines F01D 5/04)
}
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F01D 5/12
.
Blades (
{
specially adapted for radial flow machines or engines F01D 5/04
}
; blade roots F01D 5/30; rotors with blades adjustable in operation F01D 7/00; stator blades F01D 9/02)
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F01D 5/14
. .
Form or construction (selecting particular materials, measures against erosion or corrosion F01D 5/28)
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F01D 5/141
. . .
{
Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form (F01D 5/148 to F01D 5/20 take precedence; blade construction F01D 5/147)
}
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F01D 5/142
. . . .
{
of the blades of successive rotor or stator blade-rows
}
F01D 5/143
. . . . .
{
Contour of the outer or inner working fluid flow path wall, i.e. shroud or hub contour
}
F01D 5/145
. . . .
{
Means for influencing boundary layers or secondary circulations (for compressors F04D 29/68)
}
F01D 5/146
. . . .
{
of blades with tandem configuration, split blades or slotted blades
}
F01D 5/147
. . .
{
Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades (F01D 5/148, F01D 5/16 and F01D 5/20 take precedence; blade shape F01D 5/141; blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities F01D 5/18; heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades F01D 5/18)
}
F01D 5/148
. . .
{
Blades with variable camber, e.g. by ejection of fluid
}
F01D 5/16
. . .
for counteracting blade vibration
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F01D 5/18
. . .
Hollow blades,
{
i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities (structure of hollow blades in general F01D 5/147)
}
; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
F01D 5/181
. . . .
{
Blades having a closed internal cavity containing a cooling medium, e.g. sodium
}
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F01D 5/182
. . . .
{
Transpiration cooling
}
F01D 5/183
. . . . .
{
Blade walls being porous
}
F01D 5/184
. . . . .
{
Blade walls being made of perforated sheet laminae
}
F01D 5/185
. . . .
{
Liquid cooling (F01D 5/181 takes precedence)
}
F01D 5/186
. . . .
{
Film cooling (F01D 5/187 takes precedence)
}
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F01D 5/187
. . . .
{
Convection cooling
}
Collapse
F01D 5/188
. . . . .
{
with an insert in the blade cavity to guide the cooling fluid, e.g. forming a separation wall
}
F01D 5/189
. . . . . .
{
the insert having a tubular cross-section, e.g. airfoil shape
}
F01D 5/20
. . .
Specially-shaped blade tips to seal space between tips and stator
{
(F01D 5/225 takes precedence)
}
Collapse
F01D 5/22
. .
Blade-to-blade connections,
{
e.g. for damping vibrations
}
F01D 5/225
. . .
{
by shrouding
}
F01D 5/24
. . .
using wire or the like
F01D 5/26
. .
Antivibration means not restricted to blade form or construction or to blade-to-blade connections
{
or to the use of particular materials
}
Collapse
F01D 5/28
. .
Selecting particular materials;
{
Particular measures relating thereto;
}
 Measures against erosion or corrosion
F01D 5/282
. . .
{
Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
}
F01D 5/284
. . .
{
Selection of ceramic materials
}
F01D 5/286
. . .
{
Particular treatment of blades, e.g. to increase durability or resistance against corrosion or erosion (F01D 5/288 takes precedence)
}
F01D 5/288
. . .
{
Protective coatings for blades
}
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F01D 5/30
.
Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots;
{
Blade spacers
}
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F01D 5/3007
. .
{
of axial insertion type
}
F01D 5/3015
. . .
{
with side plates
}
Collapse
F01D 5/3023
. .
{
of radial insertion type, e.g. in individual recesses
}
Collapse
F01D 5/303
. . .
{
in a circumferential slot
}
F01D 5/3038
. . . .
{
the slot having inwardly directed abutment faces on both sides
}
F01D 5/3046
. . .
{
the rotor having ribs around the circumference
}
F01D 5/3053
. .
{
by means of pins
}
F01D 5/3061
. .
{
by welding, brazing
}
F01D 5/3069
. .
{
between two discs or rings
}
F01D 5/3076
. .
{
Sheet metal discs
}
F01D 5/3084
. .
{
the blades being made of ceramics
}
F01D 5/3092
. .
{
Protective layers between blade root and rotor disc surfaces, e.g. anti-friction layers (F01D 5/288 takes precedence)
}
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F01D 5/32
.
Locking, e.g. by final locking blades or keys
F01D 5/323
. .
{
Locking of axial insertion type blades by means of a key or the like parallel to the axis of the rotor
}
F01D 5/326
. .
{
Locking of axial insertion type blades by other means
}
F01D 5/34
.
Rotor-blade aggregates of unitary construction
{
e.g. formed of sheet laminae; (discs formed of sheet laminae F01D 5/028; Ceramic materials F01D 5/284, composite materials F01D 5/282)
}
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F01D 7/00
Rotors with blades adjustable in operation; Control thereof (for reversing F01D 1/30)
F01D 7/02
.
having adjustment responsive to speed
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F01D 9/00
Stators (non-fluid guiding aspects of casings, regulating, controlling, or safety aspects, see the relevant groups)
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F01D 9/02
.
Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits
{
e.g. individual nozzles (nozzle boxes F01D 9/047)
}
F01D 9/023
. .
{
Transition ducts between combustor cans and first stage of the turbine in gas-turbine engines; their cooling or sealings
}
F01D 9/026
. .
{
Scrolls for radial machines or engines
}
Collapse
F01D 9/04
. .
forming ring or sector
F01D 9/041
. . .
{
using blades (F01D 5/148 takes precedence)
}
Collapse
F01D 9/042
. . .
{
fixing blades to stators (fixing stator-rings in the casing or to each other F01D 25/246)
}
F01D 9/044
. . . .
{
permanently, e.g. by welding, brazing, casting or the like
}
F01D 9/045
. . .
{
for radial flow machines or engines
}
F01D 9/047
. . .
{
Nozzle boxes
}
F01D 9/048
. . .
{
for radial admission
}
Collapse
F01D 9/06
.
Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
F01D 9/065
. .
{
Fluid supply or removal conduits traversing the working fluid flow, e.g. for lubrication-, cooling- ,or sealing fluids (see also F01D 25/16, F01D 25/24 and F01D 25/26)
}
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F01D 11/00
Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages (sealings in general F16J)
{
sealing arrangements for transition ducts of combustor cans F01D 9/023
}
F01D 11/001
.
{
for sealing space between stator blade and rotor
}
F01D 11/003
.
{
by packing rings; Mechanical seals
}
Collapse
F01D 11/005
.
{
Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
}
Collapse
F01D 11/006
. .
{
Sealing the gap between rotor blades or blades and rotor
}
F01D 11/008
. . .
{
by spacer elements between the blades, e.g. independent interblade platforms
}
Collapse
F01D 11/02
.
by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type (for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator F01D 11/08)
F01D 11/025
. .
{
Seal clearance control; Floating assembly; Adaptation means to differential thermal dilatations
}
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F01D 11/04
. .
using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
F01D 11/06
. . .
Control thereof
Collapse
F01D 11/08
.
for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator (specially-shaped blade tips therefor F01D 5/20)
F01D 11/10
. .
using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
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F01D 11/12
. .
using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
Collapse
F01D 11/122
. . .
{
with erodable or abradable material (blades having cutting or grinding tips F01D 5/20)
}
F01D 11/125
. . . .
{
with a reinforcing structure
}
F01D 11/127
. . .
{
with a deformable or crushable structure, e.g. honeycomb
}
Collapse
F01D 11/14
. .
Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing (rotors with blades adjustable in operation F01D 7/00)
Collapse
F01D 11/16
. . .
by self-adjusting means (F01D 11/12 takes precedence)
F01D 11/18
. . . .
using stator or rotor components with predetermined thermal response, e.g. selective insulation, thermal inertia, differential expansion
Collapse
F01D 11/20
. . .
Actively adjusting tip-clearance
F01D 11/22
. . . .
by mechanically actuating the stator or rotor components, e.g. moving shroud sections relative to the rotor
F01D 11/24
. . . .
by selectively cooling-heating stator or rotor components
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F01D 13/00
Combinations of two or more machines or engines (F01D 15/00 takes precedence; regulating or controlling, see the relevant groups; combinations of two or more pumps F04; fluid gearing F16H)
F01D 13/003
.
{
with at least two independent shafts, i.e. cross-compound
}
F01D 13/006
.
{
one being a reverse turbine
}
F01D 13/02
.
Working-fluid interconnection of machines or engines
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F01D 15/00
Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby (regulating or controlling see the relevant groups; aspects predominantly concerning driven devices, see the relevant classes for the devices)
F01D 15/005
.
{
Adaptations for refrigeration plants
}
Collapse
F01D 15/02
.
Adaptations for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives (arrangement in vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes)
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F01D 15/04
. .
the vehicles being waterborne vessels
F01D 15/045
. . .
{
Control thereof
}
Collapse
F01D 15/06
.
Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, hand-held tools or the like
{
control thereof
}
F01D 15/062
. .
{
Controlling means specially adapted therefor
}
F01D 15/065
. .
{
with pressure-velocity transformation exclusively in rotor
}
F01D 15/067
. .
{
characterised by non-bladed rotor
}
F01D 15/08
.
Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
F01D 15/10
.
Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
F01D 15/12
.
Combinations with mechanical gearing (driven by multiple engines F01D 13/00)
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F01D 17/00
Regulating or controlling by varying flow (for reversing F01D 1/30; by varying rotor-blade position F01D 7/00; specially for starting F01D 19/00; shutting-down 21/00; regulating or controlling in general G05)
{
specially adapted for hand-held tools or the like F01D 15/06
}
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F01D 17/02
.
Arrangement of sensing elements (sensing elements per se: see the relevant subclasses)
F01D 17/04
. .
responsive to load
F01D 17/06
. .
responsive to speed
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F01D 17/08
. .
responsive to condition of working-fluid, e.g. pressure
F01D 17/085
. . .
{
to temperature
}
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F01D 17/10
.
Final actuators (valves in general F16K)
{
blades with variable camber F01D 5/148
}
F01D 17/105
. .
{
by passing part of the fluid
}
Collapse
F01D 17/12
. .
arranged in stator parts
Collapse
F01D 17/14
. . .
varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
Collapse
F01D 17/141
. . . .
{
by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path
}
F01D 17/143
. . . . .
{
the shiftable member being a wall, or part thereof of a radial diffuser
}
F01D 17/145
. . . . .
{
by means of valves, e.g. for steam turbines (valves in general F16K)
}
F01D 17/146
. . . .
{
by throttling the volute inlet of radial machines or engines
}
F01D 17/148
. . . .
{
by means of rotatable members, e.g. butterfly valves
}
Collapse
F01D 17/16
. . . .
by means of nozzle vanes
F01D 17/162
. . . . .
{
for axial flow; i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially perpendicular to the rotor centre line (F01D 17/167 takes precedence)
}
F01D 17/165
. . . . .
{
for radial flow; i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially parallel to the rotor centre line (F01D 17/167 takes precedence)
}
F01D 17/167
. . . . .
{
of vanes moving in translation
}
F01D 17/18
. . .
varying effective number of nozzles or guide conduits
{
e.g. sequentially operable valves for steam turbines
}
Collapse
F01D 17/20
.
Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted (sensing elements alone F01D 17/02; final actuators alone F01D 17/10)
F01D 17/205
. .
{
Centrifugal governers directly linked to valves
}
Collapse
F01D 17/22
. .
the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical
F01D 17/24
. . .
electrical
F01D 17/26
. . .
fluid, e.g. hydraulic
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F01D 19/00
Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith (warming-up before starting F01D 25/10; turning or inching gear F01D 25/34)
F01D 19/02
.
dependent on temperature of component parts, e.g. of turbine-casing
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F01D 21/00
Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
F01D 21/003
.
{
Arrangements for testing or measuring (for measuring vibrations G01H)
}
F01D 21/006
.
{
Arrangements of brakes (brakes per se F16D)
}
F01D 21/02
.
Shutting-down responsive to overspeed
Collapse
F01D 21/04
.
responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator
{
or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor
}
, e.g. indicating such position
F01D 21/045
. .
{
special arrangements in stators or in rotors dealing with breaking-off of part of rotor
}
F01D 21/06
. .
Shutting-down
F01D 21/08
. .
Restoring position
F01D 21/10
.
responsive to unwanted deposits on blades, in working-fluid conduits or the like
F01D 21/12
.
responsive to temperature
F01D 21/14
.
responsive to other specific conditions
Collapse
F01D 21/16
.
Trip gear
F01D 21/18
. .
involving hydraulic means
F01D 21/20
.
Checking operation of shut-down devices
F01D 23/00
Non-positive-displacement machines or engines with movement other than pure rotation, e.g. of endless-chain type
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F01D 25/00
Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
F01D 25/002
.
{
Cleaning of turbomachines
}
F01D 25/005
.
{
Selecting particular materials
}
F01D 25/007
.
{
Preventing corrosion
}
F01D 25/02
.
De-icing means for engines having icing phenomena
Collapse
F01D 25/04
.
Antivibration arrangements
F01D 25/06
. .
for preventing blade vibration (means on blade-carrying members or blades 5/00)
Collapse
F01D 25/08
.
Cooling (of machines or engines in general F01P); Heating; Heat-insulation (of blade-carrying members, of blades F01D 5/00)
F01D 25/10
. .
Heating, e.g. warming-up before starting
Collapse
F01D 25/12
. .
Cooling
F01D 25/125
. . .
{
of bearings
}
Collapse
F01D 25/14
. .
Casings modified therefor (double casings F01D 25/26)
F01D 25/145
. . .
{
Thermally insulated casings
}
Collapse
F01D 25/16
.
Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings (bearings per se F16C)
Collapse
F01D 25/162
. .
{
Bearing supports
}
F01D 25/164
. . .
{
Flexible supports; Vibration damping means associated with the bearing
}
Collapse
F01D 25/166
. .
{
Sliding contact bearing (gas bearings F01D 25/22)
}
F01D 25/168
. . .
{
for axial load mainly
}
Collapse
F01D 25/18
.
Lubricating arrangements (of machines or engines in general F01M)
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F01D 25/183
. .
{
Sealing means
}
F01D 25/186
. . .
{
for sliding contact bearing
}
F01D 25/20
. .
using lubrication pumps
F01D 25/22
. .
using working-fluid or other gaseous fluid as lubricant
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F01D 25/24
.
Casings (modified for heating or cooling F01D 25/14); Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings (casings for rotary machines or engines in general F16M)
{
special arrangements in stators dealing with breaking-off of part of rotor F01D 21/045
}
F01D 25/243
. .
{
Flange connections; Bolting arrangements (F01D 25/265 takes precedence)
}
F01D 25/246
. .
{
Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings
}
Collapse
F01D 25/26
. .
Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
F01D 25/265
. . .
{
Vertically split casings; Clamping arrangements therefor
}
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F01D 25/28
.
Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
F01D 25/285
. .
{
Temporary support structures, e.g. for testing, assembling, installing, repairing; Assembly methods using such structures
}
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F01D 25/30
.
Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
F01D 25/305
. .
{
with fluid, e.g. liquid injection
}
F01D 25/32
.
Collecting of condensation water; Drainage
{
Removing solid particles
}
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F01D 25/34
.
Turning or inching gear
F01D 25/36
. .
using electric motors
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Last Modified: 04/16/2013 4:31:16 PM