CPC Definition - Subclass B21F

Last Updated Version: 2026.01
WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE (rolling of metal wire B21B 1/16; by drawing, auxiliary operations used in connection with metal-working without essentially removing material B21C)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods as well as devices relating to working or processing of metal wire, i.e. modifying, not manufacturing the wire:

  • Wire working methods characterised by their technology, e.g. bending or coiling. These aspects are covered by main groups B21F 1/00 - B21F 23/00.
  • Wire working methods characterised by the product made, e.g. barbed wire or wire network. These aspects are covered by main groups B21F 25/00 - B21F 45/00.
  • Miscellaneous wire working and processing. These aspects are covered by main group B21F 99/00.
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Metal rolling methods of mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section, for rolling wire or material of like small cross-section

B21B 1/16

Manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products otherwise than by rolling; Auxiliary operations used in connection with metal-working without essentially removing material

B21C

Manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes or like semi-manufactured products by drawing

B21C 1/00

Devices for straightening wire or like work combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with drawing or winding machines or apparatus

B21C 19/00

Manufacture of rods or wire by metal working

B21C 37/04

Devices for cleaning metal products combined with or specially adapted for use with machines or apparatus provided in B21C

B21C 43/00

Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only

B21C 47/00

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Processes for changing of physical properties of metals

C21D, C22F

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Personal adornments, e.g. jewellery; Coins

A44C

Working or processing of sheet metal or metal tubes, rods or profiles without essentially removing material; Punching metal

B21D

Making needles, pins or nails of metal

B21G

Making metal chains

B21L

Bundling articles

B65B 13/00

Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments

C22C 47/00

Building

E04

Semiconductor devices; Electric solid-state devices not otherwise provided for

H10

Bending wire other than coiling; Straightening wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for bending wire, e.g. forming discrete angles or straightening to remove distortions.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media22.png

Coiling wire into particular forms
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for coiling wire, e.g. forming a continuous angle along the wire length.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media23.png

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Making springs from wire

B21F 35/00

Upsetting wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for enlarging a wire cross-section by applying an axial force.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media24.png

References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Upsetting or forming heads in the making of pins, nails or the like

B21G 3/12

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Methods for forging, hammering or pressing to perform upsetting

B21J 5/08

Twisting wire; Twisting wire together (for connections of limited size B21F 15/04)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for continuously twisting of wire, i.e. twisting of a wire of theoretically unlimited length.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media25.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Connecting wire with wire without additional connecting element or material, e.g. by twisting

B21F 15/04

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Jacketing or reinforcing articles with wire

B21F 17/00

Wire-working in the manufacture of flexible shafts or hollow conduits, e.g. for Bowden mechanisms

B21F 45/06

Producing bead-rings or bead-cores from plastics or from substances in a plastic state

B29D 30/48

Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact effected solely by twisting

H01R 4/12

Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing dynamo-electric machines

H02K 15/00

Straining wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for straining wire, i.e. tensioning wire with or without plastic deformation.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media26.png

References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Straining or prestressing wires for concrete

E04G 21/12

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Straightening wire

B21F 1/02

Hand-held tools for applying straps having preformed connecting means, e.g. cable ties

B65B 13/027

Connections or attachments, e.g. turnbuckles, adapted for straining of cables, ropes or wire

F16G 11/12

Cutting wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for cutting wire.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media27.png

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Cutting wire networks

B21F 33/005

Machines or devices for shearing or cutting profiled stock

B23D 23/00

Hand-held metal-shearing or metal-cutting devices

B23D 29/00

Hand-operated metal-shearing devices for cutting wires

B23D 29/023

Hand-held cutting tools not otherwise provided for

B26B

Hand cutting tools with two jaws which come into abutting contact

B26B 17/00

Hand-held cutting tools using wires as cutting means

B26B 27/002

Cutting

B26D

Splitting wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for splitting wire, i.e. separating wire portions lengthwise.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

1a.

media28.png

1b.

media29.png

1c.

media30.png

Connecting wire to wire or other metallic material or objects; Connecting parts by means of wire (tools for both straining and connecting B21F 9/02; jacketing or reinforcing B21F 17/00; manufacture of wire network B21F 27/00; in making bands B21F 43/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for connecting wire to wire or other metallic material; connecting parts by means of wire.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media31.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Straining wire by tools adapted also for making connections

B21F 9/02

Jacketing or reinforcing articles with wire

B21F 17/00

Making wire network, i.e. wire nets

B21F 27/00

Making bands, e.g. bracelets, from wire

B21F 43/00

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Connecting or disconnecting of bond wires in semiconductors packages

H10W 72/075

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Soldering or unsoldering; Welding; Cladding or plating by soldering or welding; Cutting by applying heat locally, e.g. flame cutting; Working by laser beam

B23K

Applying and securing binding material around articles or groups of articles, e.g. using strings, wires, strips, bands or tapes

B65B 13/02

Jacketing or reinforcing articles with wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Methods or devices for jacketing articles with wire, i.e. winding one or more wires around an article (which article can be a wire);
  • Reinforcing articles with wire, e.g. reinforcing paper with wire.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media32.png

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Winding, coiling or depositing filamentary material

B65H 54/00

Methods, apparatus or devices for covering or wrapping cores by winding webs, tapes or filamentary material, not otherwise provided for

B65H 81/00

Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure from wires or filaments only

C22C 47/062

Braiding or manufacture of lace, including bobbin-net or carbonised lace; Braiding machines; Braid; Lace

D04C

Metallic coating of wire (by extruding B21C 23/24; by soldering or welding, e.g. cladding or plating, B23K)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for coating metal wires, e.g. by using a metal band.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media9.jpg

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Coating indefinite lengths of metal or non-metal material with a metal coating

B21C 23/24

Soldering or unsoldering; Welding; Cladding or plating by soldering or welding; Cutting by applying heat locally, e.g. flame cutting; Working by laser beam

B23K

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Coating metallic material; Coating material with metallic material; Chemical surface treatment; Diffusion treatment of metallic material; Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering, by ion implantation or by chemical vapour deposition, in general; Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material or incrustation in general

C23

Electroplating

C25D

Feeding wire in wire-working machines or apparatus
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for feeding wire.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media33.png

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Guiding wire

B21F 99/00

Arrangements for moving, supporting or positioning work specially adapted for metal rolling mills

B21B 39/00

Pinch roll sets for moving, supporting or positioning work specially adapted for metal rolling mills

B21B 39/006

Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices

B21D 43/00

Forwarding filamentary material

B65H 51/00

Making barbed wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for making barbed wires or barbed tapes.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

1a.

media34.png

1b.

media35.png

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Barbed-wire obstacles

F41H 11/08

Making wire network, i.e. wire nets (making meshed-ring network from wire B21F 31/00; in making bands B21F 43/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for making wire networks, e.g. fences or reinforcements for concrete.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media36.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Making meshed-ring network from wire

B21F 31/00

Making bands, e.g. bracelets, from wire

B21F 43/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Connecting wire to wire or other metallic material or objects

B21F 15/00

Making fencing or like material made partly of wire

B21F 29/00

Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles

B21F 45/00

Bending wire nets

B21D 11/125

Soldering or unsoldering; Welding; Cladding or plating by soldering or welding; Cutting by applying heat locally, e.g. flame cutting; Working by laser beam

B23K

Woven fabrics; Methods of weaving; Looms

D03D

Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete

E04C 5/00

Fencing

E04H 17/00

with soldered or welded crossings
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Manufacturing of metallic grids or mats by resistance spot welding

B23K 11/008

Making fencing or like material made partly of wire (B21F 25/00 takes precedence)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for making structures partly of wire and partly of other elements, e.g. fences reinforced with bars.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media37.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Making barbed wire

B21F 25/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Making wire network, i.e. wire nets

B21F 27/00

Making meshed-ring network from wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for making networks, e.g. fences obtained by interlacing rings of metal wires or fences for securing rocks.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media38.png

Special rules of classification

Interlaced rings can be of non-circular shape.

Tools or devices specially designed for handling or processing wire fabrics or the like
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for handling or processing wire fabrics, e.g. connecting or coiling wire products.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media39.png

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Bending wire nets

B21D 11/125

Upholstery

B68

Making springs from wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Methods or devices for making springs from wire;
  • Miscellaneous spring manufacturing processes, not necessarily starting from wire, not otherwise provided for.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media40.png

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Coiling wire into particular forms

B21F 3/00

Manufacture of resilient rings from wire

B21F 37/02

Springs

F16F 1/00

Manufacture of rings from wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for the manufacture of rings from wire.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media41.png

References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Making metal chains

B21L

Producing bead-rings or bead-cores for tyres

B29D 30/48

Making wheel spokes from wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for the manufacture of wheel spokes from wire.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media42.png

Making umbrella frames or members from wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for the manufacture of umbrella frames or members from wire.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media43.png

Making bands, e.g. bracelets, from wire
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for the manufacture of bands or bracelets from wire.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media44.png

References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Making metal chains

B21L

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Bracelets

A44C 5/00

Woven fabrics; Methods of weaving; Looms

D03D

Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles (of pins, needles, nails, hairpins B21G; of chains B21L)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for the manufacture of all wire products if neither classifiable in a subgroup of B21F 45/00 nor in a group ranging from B21F 25/00 - B21F 43/00 nor in a specific product subclass.

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this place:

media45.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Wire working in the manufacture of pins, needles, nails, hairpins

B21G

Wire working in the manufacture of chains

B21L

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Bond wires as interconnections or connections in semiconductor packages

H10W 72/50

{of medical instruments, e.g. stents or corneal rings}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Corneal implants

A61F 2/14

Stents

A61F 2/82

Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
Definition statement

This place covers:

Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass concerning the working or processing of wire, e.g. heat treatments specially adapted for wires.