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CPC
COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION
B31F
MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER (making layered products not composed wholly of paper or cardboard B32B) [2017-08]
B31F 1/00
Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating [2017-08]
B31F 1/0003
.
{Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening, flattening or rim-rolling; Shaping by bending, folding or rim-rolling combined with joining; Apparatus therefor (shaping of tube ends B31F 1/008)} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0006
. .
{Bending or folding; Folding edges combined with joining; Reinforcing edges during the folding thereof; (creasing B31F 1/08, crêping paper B31F 1/12, corrugating B31F 1/20; bending and joining B31F 1/0045; reinforcing edges per se B31F 5/08; making wound articles B31C, folding thin material per se B65H 45/00)} [2017-08]
B31F 1/0009
. . .
{of plates, sheets or webs} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0012
. . . .
{combined with making folding lines (B31F 1/0022 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0016
. . . .
{Folding edges; Folding edges combined with joining; Reinforcing edges during the folding thereof, e.g. by introducing a thread; Folding the edges of a sheathing (B31F 1/0029 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0019
. . . .
{the plates, sheets or webs moving continuously (B31F 5/08 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0022
. . . . .
{combined with making folding lines} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0025
. . . . . .
{Making the folding lines using rotary tools} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0029
. . . . .
{Folding edges; Folding edges combined with joining; Reinforcing edges during the folding thereof, e.g. by introducing a thread; Folding the edges of a sheathing} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0032
. . .
{of tubes} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0035
. .
{Straightening or flattening} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0038
. .
{Rim-rolling} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0041
. . .
{combined with joining} [2022-08]
B31F 1/0045
. .
{Bending or folding combined with joining (folding edges combined with joining B31F 1/0016, B31F 1/0029)} [2017-08]
B31F 1/0048
. . .
{Bending plates, sheets or webs at right angles to the axis of the article being formed and joining the edges} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0051
. . . .
{for making articles of definite lentgh} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0054
. . . . .
{using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0058
. . . . . .
{Machines therefor having additional mandrels, e.g. mounted on a turntable, or on chains (B31F 1/0064 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0061
. . . .
{for making articles of indefinite length} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0064
. . . . .
{using internal forming surfaces, on, e.g. mandrels} [2016-08]
B31F 1/0067
. . . . .
{using only external forming surfaces, e.g. sleeves} [2013-01]
B31F 1/007
. . . .
{for making articles with multilayered walls} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0074
. . . .
{Making essentially non-hollow profiles, e.g. rods, ropes, cords} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0077
.
{Shaping by methods analogous to moulding, e.g. deep drawing techniques} [2013-01]
B31F 1/008
.
{Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling, closing, rim-rolling or corrugating; Fixing elements to tube ends} [2022-08]
B31F 1/0083
. .
{Closing} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0087
. .
{Rim-rolling} [2013-01]
B31F 1/009
. . .
{combined with joining, e.g. for fixing a closure element} [2022-08]
B31F 1/0093
. .
{Fixing elements to tube ends} [2013-01]
B31F 1/0096
.
{Lining or sheathing (folding the edge of the sheathing B31F 1/0016, B31F 1/0029)} [2013-01]
B31F 1/07
.
Embossing {, i.e. producing impressions formed by locally deep-drawing, e.g. using rolls provided with complementary profiles}({B31F 1/128 takes precedence;} corrugating B31F 1/20; embossing in combination with printing B41F 19/02, B41M 1/24; typewriters for embossing B41J 3/38; stamping in combination with deforming B41K 3/36) [2016-01]
B31F 1/08
.
Creasing (corrugating B31F 1/20; zig-zag folding B65H 45/20 {; combined with folding B31F 1/0012, B31F 1/0022; grooving by cutting B26D 3/06, B26D 3/08; by milling grooves B23C 3/30; of plastics material B29C 53/06}) [2013-01]
B31F 1/10
. .
by rotary tools [2013-01]
B31F 1/12
.
Crêping [2017-08]
B31F 1/122
. .
{the paper being submitted to an additional mechanical deformation other than crêping, e.g. for making it elastic in all directions} [2013-01]
B31F 1/124
. .
{Multiple crêping, e.g. forming crêpes under different angles} [2013-01]
B31F 1/126
. .
{including making of the paper to be crêped} [2013-01]
B31F 1/128
. .
{Making paper elastic in all directions, other than by crêping (B31F 1/122 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
B31F 1/14
. .
by doctor blades arranged crosswise to the web [2013-01]
B31F 1/145
. . .
{Blade constructions} [2013-01]
B31F 1/16
. .
by elastic belts {(B31F 1/18 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
B31F 1/18
. .
by tools arranged in the direction of web feed {; Longitudinal crêping, i.e. providing paper with crêpes parallel to the direction of web movement, e.g. for making paper elastic transversely to this direction} [2017-08]
B31F 1/20
.
Corrugating; Corrugating combined with laminating to other layers [2017-08]
B31F 1/205
. .
{Corrugating tubes (corrugating tube ends B31F 1/008; making tubes, not otherwise provided for, B31F 7/004; corrugating metal tubes B21D 15/00)} [2017-08]
B31F 1/22
. .
Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is longitudinal with the web feed [2013-01]
B31F 1/225
. . .
{combined with uniting the corrugated web to flat webs; Making corrugated-web structures} [2013-01]
B31F 1/24
. .
Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is transverse to the web feed [2013-01]
B31F 1/242
. . .
{the corrugations being obliquely inclined to the web feed (B31F 1/247, B31F 1/30 take precedence)} [2013-01]
B31F 1/245
. . .
{by feeding the webs in a channel larger than the thickness of the webs by means of rollers, e.g. involving prefolding} [2013-01]
B31F 1/247
. . .
{by reciprocating members} [2013-01]
B31F 1/26
. . .
by interengaging toothed cylinders {cylinder constructions (B31F 1/242 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
B31F 1/28
. . . .
combined with uniting the corrugated webs to flat webs {; Making double-faced corrugated cardboard} [2017-08]
B31F 1/2804
. . . . .
{Methods} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2809
. . . . . .
{characterised by the chemical composition of the glue} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2813
. . . . .
{Making corrugated cardboard of composite structure, e.g. comprising two or more corrugated layers} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2818
. . . . .
{Glue application specially adapted therefor} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2822
. . . . .
{involving additional operations} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2827
. . . . . .
{Edge treatment} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2831
. . . . .
{Control} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2836
. . . . . .
{Guiding, e.g. edge alignment; Tensioning} [2013-01]
B31F 1/284
. . . . . .
{Warp prevention} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2845
. . . . .
{Details, e.g. provisions for drying, moistening, pressing} [2013-01]
B31F 1/285
. . . . . .
{Heating or drying equipment} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2854
. . . . . .
{Means for keeping the sheet in contact with one of the corrugating rollers after corrugating, but before applying the facer sheet, e.g. by air pressure, suction or pressing fingers} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2859
. . . . . . .
{Pressing fingers} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2863
. . . . . .
{Corrugating cylinders; Supporting or positioning means therefor; Drives therefor} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2868
. . . . . . .
{Exchangeable corrugating cylinders (means for changing cutting members in shearing devices B23D 35/008)} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2872
. . . . . .
{Spraying devices, e.g. for moistening purposes; Lubricating devices} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2877
. . . . . .
{Pressing means for bringing facer sheet and corrugated webs into contact or keeping them in contact, e.g. rolls, belts} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2881
. . . . . . .
{for bringing a second facer sheet into contact with an already single faced corrugated web} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2886
. . . . .
{Additionally reinforcing, e.g. by applying resin or wire} [2013-01]
B31F 1/289
. . . . .
{from discrete sheets} [2013-01]
B31F 1/2895
. . . . .
{from corrugated webs having corrugations of particular shape} [2013-01]
B31F 1/29
. . .
by making use of rods, e.g. co-operating with a toothed cylinder {combined with uniting the corrugated web to flat webs (B31F 1/30 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
B31F 1/30
. . .
Tools secured to endless chains {, e.g. toothed belts; combined with uniting the corrugated web to flat webs} [2016-08]
B31F 1/305
. . . .
{with sets of interengaging tools each secured to endless chains} [2013-01]
B31F 1/32
. .
Corrugating already corrugated webs [2013-01]
B31F 1/36
.
Moistening and heating webs to facilitate mechanical deformation and drying deformed webs {(during corrugating B31F 1/28)} [2013-01]
B31F 5/00
Attaching together sheets, strips or webs; Reinforcing edges [2022-08]
B31F 5/001
.
{by stapling or riveting} [2013-01]
B31F 5/003
.
{by stitching} [2013-01]
B31F 5/005
.
{by folding (rim-rolling B31F 1/0041)} [2013-01]
B31F 5/006
.
{using a strip, e.g. profiled (B31F 5/06 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
B31F 5/008
.
{by friction, e.g. obtained ultrasonic vibrations} [2013-01]
B31F 5/02
.
by crimping or slotting {or perforating} [2013-01]
B31F 5/022
. .
{using a rotary tool} [2013-01]
B31F 5/025
. .
{by slotting} [2013-01]
B31F 5/027
. .
{by perforating, e.g. by folding over the partially cut part} [2013-01]
B31F 5/04
.
by exclusive use of adhesives [2013-01]
B31F 5/06
.
by adhesive tape [2013-01]
B31F 5/08
. .
for reinforcing edges {; Applying a strip or tape to an edge, e.g. for decorating, for protecting} [2017-08]
B31F 5/085
. . .
{combined with folding the strip around the edge, or applying an already folded strip on (folding edges B31F 1/0016, B31F 1/0029)} [2013-01]
B31F 7/00
Processes not otherwise provided for [2017-08]
B31F 7/002
.
{tubular articles, e.g. changing the cross-section} [2013-01]
B31F 7/004
.
{Making tubes} [2013-01]
B31F 7/006
.
{edges, e.g. sheet edges} [2013-01]
B31F 7/008
.
{Repairing} [2013-01]
B31F 7/02
.
Breaking coatings, e.g. on paper or cardboard [2017-08]
B31F 2201/00
Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material [2013-01]
B31F 2201/07
.
Embossing [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0702
. .
by tools working discontinuously [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0705
. . .
Hand operated [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0707
. .
by tools working continuously [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0715
. . .
The tools being rollers [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0717
. . . .
Methods and means for forming the embossments [2019-01]
B31F 2201/072
. . . . .
Laser engraving [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0723
. . . .
Characteristics of the rollers [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0725
. . . . .
Hardness [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0728
. . . . .
Material [2019-01]
B31F 2201/073
. . . . .
Rollers having a multilayered structure [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0733
. . . . .
Pattern [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0735
. . . . . .
Pattern inclined with respect to the axis of the roller [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0738
. . . . .
Cross sectional profile of the embossments [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0741
. . . .
Roller cooperating with a non-even counter roller [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0743
. . . . .
having a matching profile [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0746
. . . . . .
and having a self-centering profile [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0748
. . . . .
having a dissimilar profile [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0751
. . . . . .
and having a self-centering profile [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0753
. . . .
Roller supporting, positioning, driving means [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0754
. . .
The tools being other than rollers, e.g. belts or plates [2019-01]
B31F 2201/0756
. .
Characteristics of the incoming material, e.g. creped, embossed, corrugated [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0758
. .
Characteristics of the embossed product [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0761
. . .
Multi-layered [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0764
. . . .
the layers being nested [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0766
. . . .
the layers being superposed tip to tip [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0769
. . . .
the layers being shifted [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0771
. .
Other aspects of the embossing operations [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0774
. . .
Multiple successive embossing operations [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0776
. . .
Exchanging embossing tools [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0779
. .
Control [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0782
. .
Layout of the complete embossing machine, of the embossing line [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0784
. .
Auxiliary operations [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0787
. . .
Applying adhesive [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0789
. . .
Joining plies without adhesive [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0792
. . .
Printing [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0794
. . .
Cutting [2013-01]
B31F 2201/0797
. . .
Perforating [2013-01]