Class   562	ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- PART OF THE CLASS 532-570 SERIES
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This Class 562 is considered to be an integral part of Class 260 (see the Class 260 schedule for the position of this Class in schedule hierarchy). This Class retains all pertinent definitions and class lines of Class 260.

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (CLASS 532, SUBCLASS 1)

1

. (1 indent ) Persulphonic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the -S(=O)(=O) O-OH group, wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by a group IA or IIA light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

2

. (1 indent ) Percarboxylic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the -C(=O)-O OH group, wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by a group IA or IIA light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

3

.. (2 indent ) With preservative or stabilizer

4

.. (2 indent ) Formation of the -C(=O)-O-OH group, or of a salt thereof (e.g., from acid halides or anhydrides, neutralization; etc)

5

... (3 indent ) Aldehyde or percarboxylic acid ester reactant

6

... (3 indent ) Carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid salt reactant

7

. (1 indent ) Boron acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having -XH, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly to boron by nonionic bonding and wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by a group IA or IIA light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

8

. (1 indent ) Phosphorus acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having -XH, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly to phosphorus by nonionic bonding and wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by a substituted or unsubstituted ammonium or by a group IA or IIA light metal)

9

.. (2 indent ) Sulfur attached directly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

10

.. (2 indent ) Nitrogen attached directly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

11

.. (2 indent ) Nitrogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

12

... (3 indent ) Plural phosphori attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

13

.... (4 indent ) Plural phosphori bonded directly to the same carbon

14

.... (4 indent ) Additional nitrogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

15

... (3 indent ) The nitrogen is bonded directly to -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen

16

... (3 indent ) The nitrogen and the phosphorus are bonded directly to the same carbon

17

.... (4 indent ) The nitrogen is bonded to an additional acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain, to which a -C(=X)X- group is bonded directly, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogen

18

....• (5 indent ) Preparing from a compound having a nitrogen containing hetero ring

19

.. (2 indent ) The phosphorus is in a ring

20

.. (2 indent ) Plural phosphori attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

21

... (3 indent ) Plural phosphori bonded directly to the same carbon

22

.... (4 indent ) Processes

23

.. (2 indent ) Chalcogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

24

... (3 indent ) The chalcogen is in a -C(=X)- group

25

.. (2 indent ) Halogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

26

. (1 indent ) Thiocarboxylic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the group -C(=X)XH, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens and at least one X is sulfur, and hydrogen may be replaced by a group IA or IIA light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

27

.. (2 indent ) Nitrogen bonded directly to the carbon of the -C(=X)XH group or of its salt (e.g., dithiocarbamic acids, etc.)

28

... (3 indent ) Processes utilizing carbon disulfide

29

. (1 indent ) Thiosulfonic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds containing the thiosulfonate group, -S(=O)(=O)-S-, wherein the divalent sulfur is bonded directly to hydrogen, or to a group IA or IIA light metal or to substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

30

. (1 indent ) Sulfonic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds containing the sulfonate group, -S(=O)(=O)-O- wherein the single bonded oxygen is bonded directly to hydrogen, or to a group IA or IIA light metal or to substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

31

.. (2 indent ) Hydrophenanthrene ring system containing

32

.. (2 indent ) Processes of sulfonating lignites, leonardites, coal, humic acids, bark or pitch, and the reaction products thereof

33

.. (2 indent ) Petroleum sulfonic acids

34

... (3 indent ) Addition salts having organic nitrogen containing cation

35

.. (2 indent ) Boron or phosphorus attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding (e.g., phosphonium salts, etc.)

36

.. (2 indent ) Chalcogen or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly to the sulfonate sulfur by nonionic bonding

37

.. (2 indent ) Nitrogen attached directly to the sulfonate sulfur by nonionic bonding (e.g., sulfamic acids, etc.)

38

... (3 indent ) Processes utilizing an inorganic sulfamic acid, or a salt thereof

39

... (3 indent ) Processes of forming the -NH-S(=O)(O=)-O- group, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only

40

... (3 indent ) Additional salts having organic nitrogen containing cation

41

.. (2 indent ) Benzene ring attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

42

... (3 indent ) Noncarbon atom in acyclic chain between the benzene ring and the sulfonate sulfur

43

.... (4 indent ) Nitrogen in the acyclic chain

44

....• (5 indent ) Chalcogen or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, in the chain

45

.. (2 indent ) Benzene ring bonded directly to the sulfonate sulfur (e.g., purification and neutralization of benzene sulfonic acids, etc.)

46

... (3 indent ) Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding (e.g., aldehydes, etc.)

47

.... (4 indent ) Chalcogen or nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group

48

....• (5 indent ) Benzene ring bonded directly to each nitrogen of a -NH-C(=X)-NH-group, wherein X is chalcogen and substitution may be made for hydrogen only

49

....•. (6 indent ) At least one of the benzene rings is part of a naphthalene ring system

50

....•. (6 indent ) Plural naphthalene ring systems attached indirectly to the -NHC(=X)NH- group by nonionic bonding

51

....• (5 indent ) Stilbene containing

52

....• (5 indent ) Plural -C(=X)- groups attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

53

....•. (6 indent ) Plural carbons bonded directly to -C(=X)-

54

....•. (6 indent ) Plural -C(=X)- groups bonded directly to the same benzene ring

55

....• (5 indent ) Acyclic carbon bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group

56

....• (5 indent ) The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

57

....•. (6 indent ) Nitrogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

58

... (3 indent ) Nitrogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

59

.... (4 indent ) Plural benzene rings bonded directly to each other or to the same acyclic carbon

60

.... (4 indent ) Stilbene containing

61

.... (4 indent ) Plural benzene rings bonded directly to the same nitrogen

62

....• (5 indent ) Plural nitrogens each bonded to two benzene rings (e.g., phenylaminophenylaminophenyl compounds, etc.)

63

....• (5 indent ) At least one of the benene rings is part of a naphthalene ring system

64

....• (5 indent ) Oxygen bonded directly to a benzene ring

65

.... (4 indent ) Sulfonyl bonded directly to the nitrogen

66

.... (4 indent ) The nitrogen is attached indirectly to a benzene ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

67

....• (5 indent ) Additional nitrogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

68

.... (4 indent ) Polycyclo ring system consisting of benzene rings bonded directly to the sulfonate group

69

....• (5 indent ) Nitro or nitroso bonded directly to the polycyclo ring system

70

....• (5 indent ) Oxygen bonded directly to the polycyclo ring system (e.g., aminonaphthol sulfonic acid, etc.)

71

....•. (6 indent ) Additional sulfonate group bonded directly to the polycyclo ring system (e.g., H acid, etc.)

72

....• (5 indent ) Halogen, plural nitrogens, or additional sulfonate group bonded directly to the polycyclo ring system

73

.... (4 indent ) Nitro or halogen bonded directly to a benzene ring

74

... (3 indent ) Nonsulfonate chalcogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

75

.... (4 indent ) Two benzene rings bonded to the nonsulfonate chalcogen (e.g., phenoxyphenyl compounds, etc.)

76

.... (4 indent ) Plural carbons bonded directly to the nonsulfonate chalcogen (e.g., ethers, sulfones, etc.)

77

....• (5 indent ) Hydroxy group or nonsulfonate sulfur attached indirectly to a benzene ring by acyclic nonionic bonding

78

.... (4 indent ) Halogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

79

.... (4 indent ) The sulfonate group and oxygen are bonded directly to the same polycyclo ring system which consists of benzene rings

80

....• (5 indent ) Additional sulfonate group bonded directly to the polycyclo ring system

81

.... (4 indent ) Plural oxygens bonded directly to the same benzene ring

82

.... (4 indent ) The sulfonate group, oxygen, and alkyl of at least 4 carbons are bonded directly to the same benzene ring

83

... (3 indent ) Halogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

84

... (3 indent ) Addition salts having organic nitrogen containing cation

85

.... (4 indent ) Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, in the cation

86

.... (4 indent ) Nitrogen double bonded to carbon in the cation (e.g., guanidinium salts, etc.)

87

... (3 indent ) Acyclic carbon to carbon unsaturation containing

88

... (3 indent ) Plural benzene rings bonded directly to each other, or to the same acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain

89

... (3 indent ) Polycyclo ring system consisting of benzene rings bonded directly to the sulfonate group

90

.... (4 indent ) Processes of sulfonating naphthalene per se or alkyl substituted naphthalene

91

... (3 indent ) Sulfonate group and alkyl group of at least four carbons bonded directly to the same benzene ring

92

.... (4 indent ) With preservative, stabilizer, or color or odor affecting additive

93

.... (4 indent ) Processes including alkylation of a benzene ring, and the products thereof

94

....• (5 indent ) The alkylating agent is an olefin

95

.... (4 indent ) Sulfonation processes

96

.... (4 indent ) Purification or recovery

97

.... (4 indent ) Neutralization or acidification

98

... (3 indent ) Sulfonation utilizing sulfur trioxide or oleum (e.g., sulfonation of benzene or toluene with oleum, etc.)

99

... (3 indent ) Sulfonation utilizing sulfuric acid (e.g., sulfonation of benzene or toluene with sulfuric acid, etc.)

100

.. (2 indent ) Polycyclo alicyclic ring system attached directly or indirectly to the sulfonate group by nonionic bonding

101

.. (2 indent ) Plural sulfonate groups attached indirectly to each other by acyclic nonionic bonding

102

... (3 indent ) Nitrogen or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the sulfonate groups by nonionic bonding

103

... (3 indent ) Plural nonsulfonate chalcogens attached indirectly to the sulfonate groups by nonionic bonding

104

.. (2 indent ) Nitrogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

105

... (3 indent ) Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

106

.... (4 indent ) Plural nitrogens or plural -C(=X)- groups, wherein X is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

107

... (3 indent ) Chalcogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

108

.. (2 indent ) Chalcogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

109

... (3 indent ) The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group

110

... (3 indent ) Plural chalcogens attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

111

... (3 indent ) Plural carbons bonded directly to the chalcogen (e.g., ethers, etc.)

112

... (3 indent ) Addition salts having organic nitrogen containing cation

113

.. (2 indent ) Halogen attached indirectly to the sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

114

.. (2 indent ) Addition salts having organic nitrogen containing cation

115

.. (2 indent ) Processes (e.g., neutralization, stabilization, etc.)

116

... (3 indent ) Decarboxylation, hydrogenation or formation of carbon-to-carbon unsaturation

117

... (3 indent ) Conversion of sulfur containing hetero ring compounds to sulfonic acids

118

... (3 indent ) Oxidation of organic sulfur compounds to sulfonic acids

119

... (3 indent ) Hydrolysis of sulfonyl halides

120

... (3 indent ) Formation of sulfonic acids or sulfonic acid salts utilizing inorganic sulfonating agents (e.g., reaction of alcohols or alkyl halides with sulfurous acid, etc.)

121

.... (4 indent ) Utilizing sulfur dioxide and oxygen (i.e., sulfoxidation)

122

.... (4 indent ) Sulfurous acid or salt thereof reacted with unsaturated hydrocarbon

123

.... (4 indent ) Utilizing sulfur trioxide, oleum, sulfuric acid or halosulfonic acid

124

... (3 indent ) Purification or recovery

125

. (1 indent ) Sulfinic or sulfenic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds containing the sulfinate group, -S(=O)O-, or the sulfenate group, -S-O-, wherein the single bonded oxygen is bonded directly to hydrogen, or to a group IA or group IIA light metal or to substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

126

.. (2 indent ) Nitrogen attached indirectly to a sulfinate group by acyclic nonionic bonding

400

. (1 indent ) Carboxylic acids and salts thereof

401

.. (2 indent ) Racemization or separation of optical isomers

402

... (3 indent ) Physical resolution

403

.. (2 indent ) Hydrophenanthrene nucleus

404

... (3 indent ) 1,4a-dimethyl hydrophenanthrene-1 carboxylic acids or salts thereof

405

.. (2 indent ) Aromatic

406

... (3 indent ) Preparation by carbonylation

407

... (3 indent ) Formation of carboxyl group by oxidation

408

.... (4 indent ) Of aromatic compound

409

....• (5 indent ) Alkyl side chain oxidized

410

....•. (6 indent ) Nitrogen containing oxidant

411

....•. (6 indent ) Sulfur containing oxidant

412

....•. (6 indent ) Air, oxygen, or ozone oxidant

413

....•.. (7 indent ) Multistage

414

....•.. (7 indent ) With recycle or recovery of reaction component

415

....•.. (7 indent ) Gas phase

416

....•.. (7 indent ) Halogen containing catalyst, initiator, or promoter utilized

417

....•.. (7 indent ) Initiator or promoter used with catalyst

418

....• (5 indent ) Of oxy or carbonyl containing compound

419

....•. (6 indent ) Hypohalite as oxidant

420

....•. (6 indent ) Nitrogen containing oxidant

421

....•. (6 indent ) Air, oxygen, or ozone oxidant

422

....• (5 indent ) Of halo alkyl containing compound

423

... (3 indent ) Preparation by carbonation

424

.... (4 indent ) Of alkali metal phenolates

425

....• (5 indent ) Having plural rings

426

... (3 indent ) Sulfur

427

.... (4 indent ) Polycyclo ring system

428

....• (5 indent ) Indenyl or hydrindenyl

429

.... (4 indent ) Sulfoxy

430

....• (5 indent ) Nitrogen

431

.... (4 indent ) Carboxyl, or salt thereof, in side chain having sulfur bonded directly to a ring

432

.... (4 indent ) Carboxyl, or salt thereof, bonded directly to a ring

433

... (3 indent ) Nitrogen bonded directly to carbon of organic radical (e.g., amino acids, etc.)

434

.... (4 indent ) Nitro or nitroso

435

....• (5 indent ) Plural rings

436

....•. (6 indent ) Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbonyl

437

....• (5 indent ) Plural nitrogens

438

....• (5 indent ) Halogen

439

.... (4 indent ) Ureido, guanido, or hydrazine

440

.... (4 indent ) Nitrogen double bonded directly to carbon (e.g., amidine, ketimine, etc.)

441

.... (4 indent ) Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbon

442

.... (4 indent ) Nitrogen not bonded directly to a ring

443

....• (5 indent ) In same chain as carboxyl, or salt thereof

444

....•. (6 indent ) Oxy

445

....•.. (7 indent ) Phenyl alanines

446

....•... (8 indent ) Di-oxy phenyl alanines

447

....•... (8 indent ) Phenoxphenyl alanines

448

....•.. (7 indent ) Plural nitrogens

449

....•. (6 indent ) Halogen

450

....•. (6 indent ) Amide

451

....• (5 indent ) Oxy

452

.... (4 indent ) Oxy

453

....• (5 indent ) Carboxyl, or salt thereof, nitrogen and oxygen all bonded directly to the same benzene ring

454

....• (5 indent ) Aryl-N-Aryl

455

....• (5 indent ) Amide

456

.... (4 indent ) Halogen

457

.... (4 indent ) Plural rings with nitrogen bonded directly to at least one ring

458

.... (4 indent ) Carboxyl, or salt thereof, bonded directly to a ring

459

... (3 indent ) Aldehyde or ketone

460

.... (4 indent ) Two rings bonded directly to the same carbonyl

461

.... (4 indent ) Polycyclo ring system

462

....• (5 indent ) Bicyclo ring system

463

.... (4 indent ) Oxy

464

....• (5 indent ) Phenoxy alkanoic acids

465

... (3 indent ) Oxy

466

.... (4 indent ) Polycyclo ring system

467

....• (5 indent ) Carboxyl bonded directly to naphthylene ring system

468

.... (4 indent ) Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbon

469

.... (4 indent ) Rings bonded directly to each other

470

.... (4 indent ) Oxy, not bonded directly to a ring, in same side chain as carboxyl, or salt thereof

471

.... (4 indent ) Oxy, bonded directly to a ring, in same side chain as carboxyl, or salt thereof

472

....• (5 indent ) Halogen

473

.... (4 indent ) Carboxyl, or salt thereof, bonded directly to a ring

474

....• (5 indent ) Halogen

475

....• (5 indent ) Phenolic hydroxy or metallate

476

....•. (6 indent ) Poly phenolic hydroxy or metallate

477

....•. (6 indent ) Salicyclic acid per se or salt thereof

478

.... (4 indent ) Phenolic hydroxy or metallate

479

... (3 indent ) Decarboxylation of polycarboxylic acid or salt

480

... (3 indent ) Polycarboxylic acids or salts thereof

481

.... (4 indent ) Prepared by disproportionation

482

.... (4 indent ) Preparation by isomerization

483

.... (4 indent ) Preparation by hydrolysis of amide, anhydride, or ester

484

.... (4 indent ) Preparation by hydrolysis of nitrile

485

.... (4 indent ) Purification or recovery per se

486

....• (5 indent ) By crystallization

487

....• (5 indent ) By reaction of undesired component

488

.... (4 indent ) Plural rings

489

.... (4 indent ) Carboxyl not directly attached to a ring

490

... (3 indent ) Naphthyl group

491

... (3 indent ) Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbon

492

... (3 indent ) Rings bonded directly to each other

493

... (3 indent ) Monocyclic

494

.... (4 indent ) Purification or recovery per se

495

.... (4 indent ) Additional unsaturation

496

.... (4 indent ) Carboxyl, or salt thereof, not bonded directly to ring

497

.. (2 indent ) Preparing alicyclic acids by carbonylation

498

.. (2 indent ) Plural alicyclic rings

499

... (3 indent ) Tricyclo ring system

500

... (3 indent ) Two rings only

501

.... (4 indent ) Orthofused

502

.... (4 indent ) 2,2,1-bicyclo

503

.. (2 indent ) Cyclopentyl (e.g., prostoglandins, etc.)

504

... (3 indent ) Cyclopentyl bonded to -COOR, -CCOOR, or -CCCOOR

505

.. (2 indent ) Cyclobutyl

506

.. (2 indent ) Cyclopropyl

507

.. (2 indent ) Alicyclic acids having an element other than oxygen, carbon, or hydrogen

508

.. (2 indent ) Alicyclic acids having an oxy, aldehyde, or ketone group

509

.. (2 indent ) Alicyclic polycarboxylic acids

510

.. (2 indent ) Alicyclic acids having unsaturation

511

.. (2 indent ) Naphthenic acids or salts thereof

512

.. (2 indent ) Acyclic

512.2

... (3 indent ) Preparing by oxidation of hydrocarbon mixtures

512.4

.... (4 indent ) Plural -COO- groups in compound formed

513

... (3 indent ) Preparation from source of undetermined composition (e.g., industrial waste, etc.)

514

.... (4 indent ) Nitrogen containing acid produced

515

... (3 indent ) Preparation by degradation of carbohydrates

516

... (3 indent ) Preparation by hydrolysis of proteins

517

... (3 indent ) Preparation by carbonylation

518

.... (4 indent ) Of aldehyde or ketone

519

.... (4 indent ) Of alcohol or alcoholate

520

.... (4 indent ) Of halogenated hydrocarbon

521

.... (4 indent ) Of hydrocarbon

522

....• (5 indent ) Group VIII metal containing catalyst utilized

523

... (3 indent ) Formation of carboxyl group by oxidation

524

.... (4 indent ) Of carboxylic acid or ester

525

....• (5 indent ) Of oxy acid or ester

526

.... (4 indent ) Of nitrogen containing compound

527

.... (4 indent ) Of ketone

528

....• (5 indent ) Cyclic ketone or mixture thereof with cyclic alcohol

529

....•. (6 indent ) Two stage oxidation from hydrocarbon

530

....•. (6 indent ) With recycle or recovery of reaction component

531

.... (4 indent ) Of aldehyde

532

....• (5 indent ) Producing unsaturated acid

533

....•. (6 indent ) Liquid phase oxidation

534

....•. (6 indent ) Group VIII metal containing catalyst utilized

535

....•. (6 indent ) Group V metal containing catalyst utilized

536

....• (5 indent ) Producing acetic acid

537

.... (4 indent ) Of ether

538

.... (4 indent ) Of alcohol

539

....• (5 indent ) Caustic oxidant

540

....• (5 indent ) Nitrogen containing oxidant

541

.... (4 indent ) Of halogenated hydrocarbon

542

.... (4 indent ) Of hydrocarbon

543

....• (5 indent ) Alicyclic

544

....• (5 indent ) Olefin

545

....•. (6 indent ) Producing unsaturated acid

546

....•.. (7 indent ) Group VIII metal containing catalyst utilized

547

....•.. (7 indent ) Group V metal containing catalyst utilized

548

....•. (6 indent ) Producing acetic acid

549

....• (5 indent ) Alkane

550

... (3 indent ) Formation of carboxyl group by carbonation

551

.... (4 indent ) Of C-metallated compound

552

.... (4 indent ) Of alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid

553

... (3 indent ) Nitrogen bonded to carbon of organic radical (e.g., amino acids, etc.)

554

.... (4 indent ) Purification or recovery per se

555

.... (4 indent ) Carbamic acids or salts thereof

556

.... (4 indent ) Sulfur or selenium

557

....• (5 indent ) Alpha N, beta S - acids or salts thereof

558

....•. (6 indent ) Penicillamine per se or salt thereof

559

....• (5 indent ) Methionine per se or salt thereof

560

.... (4 indent ) Ureido, hydrazino, or nitrogen double bonded directly to carbon

561

.... (4 indent ) Plural nitrogens

562

....• (5 indent ) Lysine per se or salt thereof

563

....• (5 indent ) Glutamine per se or salt thereof

564

....• (5 indent ) Oxy containing

565

....• (5 indent ) Polycarboxylic

566

....•. (6 indent ) Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid per se or salt thereof

567

.... (4 indent ) Oxy, aldehyde, or ketone

568

....• (5 indent ) Polycarboxylic

569

....• (5 indent ) Pantothenic acid per se or salt thereof

570

....• (5 indent ) Threonine per se or salt thereof

571

.... (4 indent ) Polycarboxylic

572

....• (5 indent ) Nitrilotriacetic acid per se or salt thereof

573

....• (5 indent ) Glutamic acid per se or salt thereof

574

.... (4 indent ) Halogen or unsaturation

575

.... (4 indent ) Alpha nitrogen

576

.... (4 indent ) Beta alanine per se or salt thereof

577

... (3 indent ) Aldehyde or ketone

578

.... (4 indent ) Polycarboxylic

579

... (3 indent ) Oxy

580

.... (4 indent ) Purification or recovery per se

581

.... (4 indent ) Sulfur

582

.... (4 indent ) Polycarboxylic

583

....• (5 indent ) Ether

584

....• (5 indent ) Citric acid per se or salt thereof

585

....• (5 indent ) Tartaric acid per se or salt thereof

586

.... (4 indent ) Halogen

587

.... (4 indent ) Polyoxy

588

.... (4 indent ) Alkoxy

589

.... (4 indent ) Lactic acid per se or salt thereof

590

... (3 indent ) Polycarboxylic

591

.... (4 indent ) Preparation by isomerization

592

.... (4 indent ) Preparation by hydrogenation

593

.... (4 indent ) Purification or recovery per se

594

.... (4 indent ) Element other than C,H,O,N, or halogen

595

.... (4 indent ) Unsaturated

596

.... (4 indent ) Halogen

597

.... (4 indent ) Oxalic acid per se or salt thereof

598

... (3 indent ) Unsaturated

599

.... (4 indent ) Formation of ethylenic unsaturation

600

.... (4 indent ) Purification or recovery per se

601

.... (4 indent ) Sorbic acid per se or salt thereof

602

... (3 indent ) Halogen

603

.... (4 indent ) Preparation by halogenating acid or anhydride

604

.... (4 indent ) Preparation by dehalogenation

605

.... (4 indent ) Fluorine containing

606

... (3 indent ) Saturated lower fatty acids

607

.... (4 indent ) Acetic acid per se or salt thereof

608

....• (5 indent ) Purification or recovery per se

609

.... (4 indent ) Formic acid per se or salt thereof

620

. (1 indent ) Nitrolic acids or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the group -C(=NOH)-N(=O) (=O), wherein the hydrogen may be replaced by a group IA or IIA light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

621

. (1 indent ) Hydroxamic acids, chalcogen analogs or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the -C(=X)-N(R)-XH group or the -C(XH)=NXR group, wherein R may be hydrogen or substitution for hydrogen, the X's in each group may be the same or diverse chalcogens, and H of -XH in each group may be replaced by a group IA or IIA light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

622

.. (2 indent ) Carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the carbon of the acid group

623

.. (2 indent ) Nitrogen attached to the acid group directly or indirectly by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., N-hydroxy ureas, dihydroxamic acids, etc.)

624

. (1 indent ) Imidic acids, chalcogen analogs or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the group -N-C(XH)-, wherein X is chalcogen and the hydrogen may be replaced by a group IA or IIA light metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

625

. (1 indent ) Sulfohydroxamic acids, chalcogen analogs or salts thereof (i.e., compounds having the -S(=O)(=O)-N(R)-XH group, wherein R may be hydrogen or substitution for hydrogen, X is chalcogen, and H of -XH may be replaced by a group IA or IIA light metal,or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium)

800

. (1 indent ) Hydroxamic acid halides or chalcogen analogs therof (i.e., compounds having the -C(=X)NH-halo group, wherein X is chalcogen and substitution may be made for hydrogen only)

801

.. (2 indent ) Additional nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group (e.g., urea halides, etc.)

802

. (1 indent ) Imidic acid halides (i.e., compounds having the -N=CH-halo group, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only)

803

.. (2 indent ) Additional halogen bonded directly to the carbon of the imidic halide group (i.e., -N=(halo)C(halo)

804

.. (2 indent ) Chalcogen attached directly to the nitrogen of the imidic halide group by nonionic bonding (i.e., -X-N=CH-halo, wherein X is chalcogen)

805

.. (2 indent ) Nitrogen attached directly to the nitrogen of the imidic halide group by nonionic bonding (i.e., HNH-N=CH-halo, wherein subsitution may be made for hydrogen only)

806

. (1 indent ) Boron halides (i.e., compounds having halogen attached directly to boron by nonionic bonding

807

.. (2 indent ) Phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the boron by nonionic bonding

808

. (1 indent ) Phosphorus halides (i.e., compounds having halogen attached directly to phosphorus by nonionic bonding)

809

.. (2 indent ) Nitrogen bonded directly to the phosphorus

810

... (3 indent ) The phosphorus and the nitrogen are in the same ring

811

.. (2 indent ) Additional phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the phosphorus by nonionic bonding

812

.. (2 indent ) The phosphorus is in a ring

813

.. (2 indent ) Sulfur bonded directly to the phosphorus

814

... (3 indent ) Preparing utilizing an inorganic compound containing phosphorus and sulfur

815

... (3 indent ) Forming phosphorus to carbon bond

816

.. (2 indent ) Oxygen bonded directly to the phosphorus

817

... (3 indent ) Halogen attached indirectly to the phosphorus by acyclic nonionic bonding

818

... (3 indent ) Forming phosphorus to halogen bond

819

... (3 indent ) Forming phosphorus to carbon bond

820

.. (2 indent ) Forming phosphorus to carbon bond

821

. (1 indent ) Sulfur halides (i.e., compounds having halogen attached directly to sulfur by nonionic bonding)

822

.. (2 indent ) Nitrogen bonded directly to the sulfur

823

... (3 indent ) Phosphorus, -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, additional chalcogen attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding

824

.. (2 indent ) The halogen is fluorine

825

... (3 indent ) Chalcogen double bonded directly to the sulfur (e.g., sulfonyl fluorides, etc.)

826

.... (4 indent ) Benzene attached directly or indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic bonding

827

.. (2 indent ) Chalcogen double bonded directly to the sulfur (e.g., sulfinyl halides, etc.)

828

... (3 indent ) Plural chalcogens double bonded directly to the sulfur (e.g., sulfonyl halides, etc.)

829

.... (4 indent ) Processes for forming the sulfonyl halide group utilizing elemental halogen

830

.... (4 indent ) Preparing utilizing thionyl halide or carbonyl dihalide (e.g., phosgene, etc.)

831

.... (4 indent ) Plural sulfonyl halide groups attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

832

.... (4 indent ) Nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso, attached indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic bonding

833

.... (4 indent ) Chalcogen attached indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic bonding

834

.... (4 indent ) Halogen attached indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic bonding

835

.. (2 indent ) Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic bonding

836

.. (2 indent ) Perchloro methyl mercaptan per se (i.e., trichloromethane sulfenyl chloride)

837

. (1 indent ) Compounds having the -(O=)S(=O)-NH-halo group (i.e., N-halo sulfonamides, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only)

838

. (1 indent ) Thiocarboxylic halides (i.e., compounds having the -C(=S)-halo group)

839

.. (2 indent ) Additional halogen bonded directly to the -C(=S)- group (e.g., thiophosgene, etc.)

840

. (1 indent ) Carboxylic halides (i.e., compounds having the -C(=O)-halo group)

841

.. (2 indent ) With preservative or stabilizer

842

.. (2 indent ) Boron or phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the carbonyl group by nonionic bonding

843

.. (2 indent ) Carbonyl bonded directly to the carbonyl group (e.g., oxalyl chlorides, etc.)

844

.. (2 indent ) Nitrogen bonded directly to the carbonyl group (e.g., carbamyl chlorides, etc.)

845

... (3 indent ) Chalcogen or additional carbonyl bonded directly to the nitrogen

846

... (3 indent ) Processes utilizing phosgene as a reactant

847

.. (2 indent ) Phosgene, per se

848

.. (2 indent ) Processes utilizing carbon monoxide as a reactant

849

.. (2 indent ) Fluorine is the halogen (i.e., carboxylic fluorides)

850

... (3 indent ) Plural -C(=O)-F groups attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

851

... (3 indent ) Processes for forming the carbonyl group

852

... (3 indent ) Processes for forming the carbonyl to fluoride bond

853

.. (2 indent ) Plural -C(=O)-halo groups attached indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding

854

... (3 indent ) Preparing utilizing phosgene

855

... (3 indent ) Plural -C(=O)-halo groups bonded directly to the same benzene ring

856

.. (2 indent ) Processes

857

... (3 indent ) Phosgene reactant

858

... (3 indent ) Ketene reactant

859

... (3 indent ) Forming the carbonyl group

860

.... (4 indent ) By oxidizing a halogenated olefin

861

... (3 indent ) Forming the carbonyl to halide bond

862

.... (4 indent ) Reactant having halogen bonded directly to sulfur by nonionic bonding

863

.... (4 indent ) Elemental halogen or hydrogen halide utilized

864

... (3 indent ) Halogenation

865

... (3 indent ) Dehalogenation or dehydrohalogenation

866

... (3 indent ) Purification or recovery

867

.. (2 indent ) Alicyclic ring containing

868

.. (2 indent ) Nitrogen attached indirectly to the carbonyl group by nonionic bonding

869

. (1 indent ) Containing -C(=X)-CN, wherein X is chalcogen (e.g., carbonyl cyanides, etc.)

870

. (1 indent ) Sulfonyl isocyanates or sulfonyl isothiocyanates, (i.e., compounds having the -S(=O)(=O)-N=C=X group, wherein X is oxygen or sulfur)

871

. (1 indent ) Containing -C(=X)-N=C=X or -C(=X)-X-N=N-X-, wherein the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

872

. (1 indent ) Sulfonic anhydrides (i.e., compounds having the -S(=O)(=O)-O-S(=O)(O=) group

873

. (1 indent ) Containing -S(=O)(=O)-CN or -S(=O)(=O)-N=S=O

874

. (1 indent ) Containing -C(=X)-NH-X-C(=X)- or -C(=X)-NH-X-S(=O)(=O)-, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only, and the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

875

. (1 indent ) Containing -C(=NH)-X-C(=X)-, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only, and the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

876

. (1 indent ) Phosphorus bonded directly to the single bonded X of a -C(=X)-X-group, wherein the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

877

. (1 indent ) Phosphorus bonded directly to cyano or to -N=C=X, wherein X is chalcogen

878

. (1 indent ) Two phosphori bonded directly to the same divalent chalcogen atom (e.g., pyrophosphorus compounds, etc.)

879

. (1 indent ) Containing -C(=X)-X-N(=O) or -C(=X)-X-S(=O)(=O)-, wherein the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

880

. (1 indent ) Containing -C(=X)-NH-X-NH-C(=X)- or -C(=X)-X-NH-S(=O)(=O)-, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only, and the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

881

. (1 indent ) Containing -C(=X)-NH-X-halo, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only, and the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

882

. (1 indent ) Boron bonded directly to the single bonded X of a -C(=X)-X- group, wherein the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens

883

. (1 indent ) Two borons bonded directly to the same divalent chalcogen atom (e.g., boroxoles, etc.)

884

. (1 indent ) Boron bonded directly to the single bonded oxygen of a -S(=O)(=O)-O- group

885

. (1 indent ) Compounds having the -S-SCN group bonded directly to carbon, which carbon may be single bonded to any atom but may be multiple bonded only to carbon

886

. (1 indent ) Thiocarboxylic acid anhydrides (i.e., compounds having the -C(=X)-X C(=X)- group, wherein the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens and at least one X is sulfur)

887

. (1 indent ) Carboxylic acid anhydrides (i.e., compounds having the -C(=O)-O-C(=O)- group)

888

.. (2 indent ) Processes of forming the -C(=O)-O-C(=O)- group

889

... (3 indent ) Aldehyde reactant

890

... (3 indent ) Carbon monoxide or metal carbonyl reactant

891

.... (4 indent ) Ether or carboxylic acid ester reactant

892

... (3 indent ) Ketone or ketene reactant

893

... (3 indent ) Ether or carboxylic acid ester reactant

894

... (3 indent ) Carboxylic acid salt reactant

895

... (3 indent ) Dehydration of two like or different molecules of carboxylic acid

896

.... (4 indent ) Vapor phase

897

... (3 indent ) Carboxylic acid halide reactant

898

.. (2 indent ) Purification or recovery

899

. (1 indent ) Selenium or tellurium containing

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