Manual of U.S. Patent Classification
as of June 30, 2000

Class
D08
TOOLS AND HARDWARE

Class definitions may be accessed by clicking on the class title, above.
Subclass definitions may be accessed by clicking on the subclass number, below.

Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by clicking on the " " icon following the subclass number, below.

( please note that links to definitions and classified patents may not be available for some classes and subclasses )

For search strategies, please refer to the Classification Index Explanation of Data web page.

Subclass		Title
ClassTitle		===> TOOLS AND HARDWARE
		EXCLUDED FROM THIS CLASS ARE:
		Abrading machines and attachments; see D15-124+.
		Agricultural machines which are not hand-held; see D15-10+.
		Apparel fastener; see D11-200.
		Apparel hook mounted to vertical surface; see D6-553+.
		Apparel type fastener, e.g., snap, zipper, etc.; see D11-200+.
		Architectural post or column; see D25-126+.
		Battery terminal clamp; see D13-120.
		Bed frame component; see D6-503+.
		Capstan; see D34-33.
		Can or bottle opener in combination with punching and pouring attachment for can, etc.; see D9-437.
		Chain, jewelry; see D11-13.
		Tire; see D12-154.
		Chopping, mincing, cutting, grinding, or mixing implement for food; see D7-669+.
		Cigar cutter or smoker's tool; see D27-195 or 196.
		Clasp, clamp, clip, etc., for jewelry; see D11-86+.
		Cleat or spike for shoe; see D2-317.
		Clip, for holding blanket or sheet; see D6-607.
		For pen or pencil, see D19-56.
		Coffin handle; see D99-15+.
		Coffin screw; see D99-14.
		Control panel, for air conditioner; see D23.
		For automobile, ship, aircraft, etc., see D12-192.
		For data processing machine or telephone switchboard, see D14.
		For measuring or testing machine; see D10.
		Cornice, fabric; see D6-579.
		Door chime or bell; see D10-116+.
		Drapery tieback, fabric; see D6-578.
		Electrical connector; see D13-133+.
		Insulator; see D13-129+.
		Junction box; see D13-152.
		Wall outlet per se or in combination with escutcheon; see D13-137+.
		Faucet or valve handle; see D23-250+.
		Fence post or cap; see D25-126+ or 135.
		Fireplace Equipment set; see D23-403+.
		Fisherman's tool; see D22-149.
		Fishing reel; see D22-137.
		Fitting or conduit, for fluid handling; see D23-259+.
		For electrical conductor, see D13-155.
		Flagpole holder; see D11-182+.
		Garment hanger; see D6-315+.
		Handbag frame per se or in combination with latch; see D3-323+.
		Handle attachment for drinking cup, pitcher, etc.; see D7-393+.
		Handle, for brushware; see D4.
		For cleaning equipment, see D32-35+.
		For cooker, e.g., toaster, waffle iron, etc., see D7.
		For firearm, fishing rod or fly swatter, see D22.
		For knife, fork, spoon, pot, pan, etc., see D7.
		Hinge or lens fasteners for eyeglasses; see D16-334.
		Horseshoe calk; see D30-99.
		Hose reel combined with cart; see D34-14.
		Internal washer, gasket, or packing for faucet or valve; see D23-269.
		Combined with key holder, ring, case, etc.; see D3-210.
		Lamp mantle support; see D26-144.
		Machinery parts, e.g., drill bit, die, reamer, etc.; see D15-135+.
		Multiple-pronged fastener for necktie, etc.; see D11-202+.
		Name or drawer plate; see D20-15
		Paper clip or fastener; see D19-86.
		Paper punch, desk type; see D19-72.
		Paper shredder, see D18-34.
		Pencil sharpener; see D19-73+.
		Plow; see D15-11.
		Power source for soldering or welding equipment; see D15-144.
		Railway tie clamp; see D12-51.
		Reinforcing bar for concrete form; see D25-164.
		Rigid; see D25-55.
		Roof rack for vehicle; see D12-157.
		Sand toy or mold; see D21-472.
		Sawhorse; see D25-67.
		Scaffold element or coupling; see D25-68+.
		Scarf clip; see D11-78.1 or 200+.
		Shade pull of fabric or cord; see D6-581.
		Shelf; see D6-567+.
		Stand-supported holder for flashlight; see D26-142+.
		For baby bottle, see D24-199.
		Support for bathtub, sink, etc.; see D23-303.
		Switch control per se or in combination with escutcheon; see D13-158+.
		Tent peg; see D21-840.
		Toy tool; see D21-532.
		Venetian blind; see D6-577.
		Wall-mounted support structure; see D6-553+.
		Window shade; see D6-575+.
		Work or tool holder, machine-attached; see D15-140.
1		TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND HORTICULTURE (51)
2		. With discharge spout or nozzle, e.g., hand-held insecticide dusters, seed planters, etc.
3		. Finger-attached
4		. Jaws activated by relatively movable plural handles, e.g., tongs, plier type, etc.
5		. . Cutting blade
6		. Provided with cutting blade and tines
7		. Provided with cutting blade
8		. . Rotary or reciprocating
9		. . Notched or serrated
10		. . Shovel or trowel
11		. . Hoe or mattock
12		. . Scythe or harvesting knife
13		. Provided with tines
14		OTHER TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS
14.1		. Lubricating or caulking gun
15		. Carpet
16		. Entire article formed substantially from a single piece of sheet material (1)
17		. . Wrench (2)
18		. . Can or bottle opener
19		. . Substantially flat
20		. . . Cutting blade, e.g., saw, etc.
21		. Wrench (3)
22		. . Adjustable
23		. . . Swinging jaw
24		. . . Torque
25		. . . Ratchet
26		. . Combined with disparate article
27		. . Spanner
28		. . Open end or box
29		. . Socket
29.1		. Heat gun, e.g., paint stripper, etc.
29.2		. Defrosting implement
30		. Fusing, e.g., soldering, etc.
31		. Tire, e.g., repair, etc.
32		. Rail or pipe bender
33		. Can or bottle opener
34		. . Combined with disparate article (4)
35		. . . Sharpener
36		. . Powered
37		. . Wall-mounted
38		. . Simulative in form or motif
39		. . Relatively movable plural handles
40		. . Hand-held and manipulated
41		. . . With material-cutting element
42		. . . . Cork remover
43		. . . . Combined with cap-removing feature
44		. Strap or wire tensioning
45		. Plaster or masonry finishing (52)
46		. Anvil
47		. Chisel, nail set, awl, or wedge
48		. Staple remover
49		. Stapler
50		. . Anvil provides staple deformation
51		. With relative movement of parts while performing function
52		. . Jaws activated by relatively movable plural handles, e.g., pliers, etc.
53		. . . With simulative motif
54		. . . Jaws diverge as handles converge
55		. . . Combination tool (5)
56		. . . Work held between pivot and handles (6)
57		. . . Loop-type handle, e.g., scissors, etc.
58		. . . Opposed jaws and handles substantially similar
59		. . Transmitted by rotating crank-type handle
60		. . Pipe or tube cutter
61		. . Power tool
62		. . . Sander or grinder
63		. . . . Knife or scissors sharpener (7)
64		. . . Saw (8)
65		. . . . Chain
66		. . . . Circular
67		. . . Plural handles
68		. . . Pistol grip (9)
69		. . . With loop-type handle
70		. . . Attachments
70.1		. Film splicer or cutter
71		. Work or tool holder (10)
72		. . Clamp
73		. . . C-clamp type
74		. . . Vise
75		. Hammer type
76		. . Ax, hatchet, or adz
77		. . Mallet, e.g., opposed duplicate faces, etc.
78		. . Head
79		. . . Claw
80		. . Handle or handle attachments
81		. . Combined with distinct tool element (11)
82		. Screwdriver type
83		. . Handle
84		. . . Plural
85		. . Plural bit or socket
86		. . Bit or shaft
87		. . Plural function, e.g., combined with light, etc.
88		. Lever
89		. . Nail or pry bar
90		. Abrading
91		. . Sharpener
92		. . . Razor or razor blade
93		. . . Knife or scissors
94		. . Handle
95		. Handsaw
96		. . Blade supported at both ends
97		. . Handle
98		. Cutting
99		. . Folding or sliding blade
100		. . . With simulative motif
101		. . Wood plane or drawknife
102		. . Letter opener
103		. . . With simulative motif
104		. . . Combined with disparate article or plural function
105		. Combination tool
106		. Adjustable
107		. Handle
300		HANDLE, KNOB OR PULL (12)
301		. Combined (13)
302		. . With latch actuator (14)
303		. Handlebar grip or hand grip
305		. Simulative
306		. Pivoted or hinged to use position
307		. Singular point of attachment (53)
308		. . Lever
309		. . . Crank (15)
310		. . Substantially circular or oval
311		. . . With grip bar or pointer
312		. . . With peripheral striations or depressions
313		. Recessed finger grip
314		. . With open ends
315		. Bar type, i.e., having gripping surface spaced from mounting surface (16)
316		. . Symmetrical in front elevation on transverse and longitudinal axes
317		. . . Arcuate pattern or outline
318		. . . . Sinuous
319		. . Symmetrical in front elevation on transverse axis
320		. . Symmetrical in front elevation on longitudinal axis
321		. Element or attachment (17)
322		. . Cover
323		HINGE (18)
324		. Simulative
325		. Flexible singular element, i.e., self-hinge type
326		. For toilet seat
327		. Leaf type
328		. . Symmetrical leaves
329		. . Offset
330		LOCKING OR CLOSING DEVICE (19)
331		. Lock, latch or bolt (20)
332		. . With alarm
333		. . Closed loop
334		. . . Padlock (21)
335		. . . . Simulative
336		. . Swinging into engagement
337		. . . Rotary motion window lock (22)
338		. . . With distinct lever, knob or key release, or with provision therefor
339		. . Sliding into engagement
340		. . . Chained bolt
341		. . . With distinct lever, knob or key release, or with provision therefor (23)
342		. . . Resilient engagement
343		. . Element or attachment (24)
344		. . . Keeper or receiver (25)
345		. . . . Hasp staple
346		. . . Protective cover (26)
347		. . . Key
348		. . . . Simulative
349		FASTENER, SUPPORT OR MOUNT NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED (27)
350		. Escutcheon (28)
351		. . Simulative
352		. . Substantially circular or oval
353		. . Substantially rectangular or square
354		. Support, guide, or spacer
355		. . Adjustable (30)
356		. . For flexible continuous material, i.e., rope, hose, belting, etc. (31)
357		. . . Ignition wire manifold
358		. . . Reel (32)
359		. . . . With crank or handle
360		. . . Pulley
360.1		. . . Twine holder
363		. . Standoff or crane type, e.g., handrail support, curtain rod support, etc. (34)
364		. . . Electrical insulator bracket (35)
365		. . . Simulative
366		. . . Formed entirely of sheet material
367		. . Hook or eye (36)
368		. . . Rigid loop or tieback for drapery (37)
369		. . . With drapery pleating feature (38)
370		. . . Formed entirely of wire
371		. . . Formed entirely of sheet material
372		. . . Plural (39)
373		. . Article supported vertically or suspended (50)
374		. . . Furniture bearing (40)
375		. . . . Caster
376		. . . Elongated, e.g., curtain rod, pole, etc.(41)
377		. . . . Track type, i.e., traverse rod, door track, etc.
378		. . . . Finial
379		. . . . Center ornament
380		. . Article supported horizontally
381		. . . Shelf bracket (42)
382		. Fastener or coupling (43)
383		. . Locking slip or clutch for flexible material
384		. . Wall tie
385		. . Expanding, e.g., wall anchor
386		. . . Rivet
387		. . Externally threaded, i.e., screw or bolt
388		. . Piercing
389		. . . Plural piercing elements
390		. . . . Staple type, i.e., having two spaced points
391		. . . Nail or spike (44)
392		. . . . Offset head
393		. . . . With rib or groove on shank
394		. . Clamping or gripping (45)
395		. . . Resilient or spring biased
396		. . . For cylindrical material
397		. . . Nut or head
398		. . . Wing type
399		. . Washer or nut lock
400		FITTING FOR DOOR, WINDOW OR FURNITURE NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED (46)
401		. Knocker
402		. Stop or bumper (47)
403		. . Corner protector
404		. Push plate (48)
499		MISCELLANEOUS (49)
DIG 1		Handles, pull-type
DIG 2		Handles, knob-type, circular, square, and rectangular
DIG 3		Handles, knob-type, faucet and valve wheels
DIG 4		Handles, elongated-type, knife and fork
DIG 5		Handles, elongated-type, sword handles
DIG 6		Handles, elongated-type, golf and ski grips
DIG 7		Handles, elongated-type, tool handles
DIG 8		Handles, elongated-type, bicycle grips
DIG 9		Handles, asymmetrical-type, coffee, teapot and pitcher
DIG 10		Handles, asymmetrical-type, lever-type
		SEARCH NOTES FOR CLASS D8
		(1) Letter openers are excluded; search subclasses 102+.
		(2) Includes wrenches in combination.
		(3) Power wrenches are excluded; search subclasses 61+.
		(4) Combination with pocketknives are excluded; search subclasses 99+.
		(5) For additional plier type combined with wrenches, search subclass 25.
		(6) For can openers with similar arrangement of elements, search subclass 39.
		(7) For sharpeners combined with can openers, search subclass 35.
		(8) For handsaw, search subclasses 95+. For saw attachments for other tools, search subclass 70.
		(9) For additional tools with pistol grip, e.g., soldering gun, etc., search subclass 30.
		(10) For other devices for holding flexible or rigid cylindrical material, search subclasses 356+ and 396. For body or apparel attached tool holder, see D3-215+. For tool storage container, see D3-273+ and D3-905. For tool carrier or caddy, see D3-315+.
		(11) For hammer type combined with wrenches, search subclass 26.
		(12) This and indented subclasses restricted to handle, knob, etc., which provide a grip (a) for lifting or grasping or (b) closing a door, panel, etc. For lock, latch or actuator per se, see subclasses 331+.
		(13) For knob combined with escutcheon or dial, see subclasses 307+.
		(14) Includes only combination of handle, knob, etc., with latch-actuator button, thumb lever, etc. If latch is disclosed, see subclasses 331+ below, particularly 338 and 341.
		(15) For casement window operator, see subclass 400.
		(16) For elongated handle not having grip opening, see subclasses 300 and 313+.
		(17) For escutcheon, see subclasses 350+.
		(18) Element included in this and in indented subclasses.
		(19) Includes door closer.
		(20) Includes casing. Includes bar for jamming door in closed position. For fastener that does not cooperate with keeper or receiver, e.g., fastener that acts directly upon door, window, shutter, etc., see subclasses 402+.
		(21) Restricted to lock having hinged or pivoted link.
		(22) For fastener to hold door or window in various positions, see subclass 402 below.
		(23) Includes drawbolt-type latch catch.
		(24) For handle or knob, see subclasses 300+. For escutcheon, see subclasses 350+.
		(25) For tongue or latch element, see subclasses 336+ and 339+.
		(26) For keyhole escutcheon, see subclasses 350+.
		(27) Element included in this and in indented subclasses. Includes end or swivel for rope, cable, etc.
		(28) For combination with complete switch, see D13.
		(30) For swinging crane-type support, see subclasses 363+. Includes turnbuckle.
		(31) Includes grommet. Includes boat chock. For boat cleat, see subclasses 382+. For hook or eye, see subclasses 367+. For fastener, e.g., rope clamp, see subclasses 383+. For electric wire standoff, see subclasses 363 or 364.
		(32) Includes Venetian blind tilter reel; Includes reel core for fabric or paper roll goods.
		(34) For hook, see subclasses 367+.
		(35) For insulator per se, see D13-129+.
		(36) For crane-type hook, see subclass 363.
		(37) For fabric tieback, see D6-578.
		(38) For pleater device per se, see subclasses 394+.
		(39) Includes only plural-supporting hooks or eyes.
		(40) Includes glide.
		(41) For mounting bracket, see subclasses 363+ or 380+.
		(42) For shelf, see D6-567+.
		(43) Includes snap hook fastener. For door or sash holder, see subclass 402.
		(44) Includes flange or button for nail, tack, etc. Includes thumbtack.
		(45) Includes only fastener having provision for tightening or gripping. Includes cord lock for Venetian blind. For work holder-type clamp, see subclasses 72+. Includes securing strap type.
		(46) Includes sash weight. Includes trunk fitting not provided for above. Includes casement window operating mechanism. For door opener or closer, see subclass 330. For window pulley, see subclass 360.
		(47) Includes holder for sash or door maintaining same in fixed position. For lock, see subclasses 331+.
		(48) For panic bar or static bar-type handle, see, respectively, subclasses 302 and 315+. (49) Includes chain. Includes roller shade locking or ratcheting mechanism. Includes snow guard for roof.
		(50) Includes mop or broom holder.
		(51) Includes plant stake.
		(52) Includes plasterboard tape applying tool.
		(53) Includes lifter handle for toilet seat.

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Last Modified: 6 October 2000