U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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Classification Index
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(definitions have been obtained from the
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Electronic Products Branch)
Class 422
CHEMICAL APPARATUS AND PROCESS DISINFECTING, DEODORIZING,
PRESERVING, OR STERILIZING
Class Definition:
This is a generic class for (1) processes of disinfecting,
deodorizing, preserving or sterilizing and (2) apparatus for
(a) carrying out chemical reactions, (b) preparing or
treating chemical compounds or compositions even though only
a physical reaction is discernible, (c) performing an
analysis which involves either a chemical reaction or a
physical reaction not elsewhere provided, for and (d)
carrying out the above processes not elsewhere provided for.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
(A) Processes involving disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving
or sterilizing (and apparatus when appropriate) for treating
a compound, composition, or by-product by particularly
(1) Preserving by purification only is classified with the
appropriate compound, composition, or physical separation
class. Where the purification involves a chemical reaction,
see the appropriate compound or composition class, Class 423,
Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclasses 210+ having the
generic art on gas purification involving a chemical
reaction. Where there is purification by physical separation
only, see the appropriate physical separation class in
References To Other Classes below.
(2) By coating, impregnating, or laminating. See References
To Other Classes below for class references to this area.
(3) By cleaning. See References To Other Classes below for
class references to this area.
(4) By heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only. See
References To Other Classes below for class references to
this area.
(B) Art processes and apparatus are classified with the
appropriate art even though the steps of, or means for,
disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, are
claimed in combination therewith. The disinfecting,
deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing subcombination should
be cross-referenced to the appropriate place. See References
To Other Classes below for class references to this area.
(C) Other disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or
sterilizing, per se. See References To Other Classes below
for class references to this area.
(D) Apparatus
(1) Analytical apparatus. See References To Other Classes
below for class references to this area.
(2) Material preparation or treating apparatus. See
References To Other Classes below for class references to
this area.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, particularly
subclass 111.1, 111.4, 220+, 222+, 261, and 294. (processes
and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or
sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.)
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers (processes and apparatus
for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing
when steps or means are claimed in combination.)
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 94.1 for the
preservation of hides, skins, feathers, and other animal
tissues. (disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or
sterilizing, per se.)
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for apparatus
for brushing, beating, shaking, wiping, shotting, the use of
a squeegee, or the removal of material by a draft or current
of air, steam, or equivalent gaseous fluid. (treating a
compound, composition, or by-product by cleaning.)
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning (processes and
apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or
sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.)
27, Undertaking, particularly subclass 11 and 21.1+.
(processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing,
preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in
combination.)
27, Undertaking, 21.1 for embalming. (see above section on
disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per
se.)
28, Textiles: Manufacturing (processes and apparatus for
disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when
steps or means are claimed in combination.)
29, Metal Working, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for
making named type articles. (material preparation or treating
apparatus.)
30, Cutlery, particularly 124 and 140. (processes and
apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or
sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids (physical
separation class)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for treating solid material by drying or with
vapor contact. (material preparation or treating apparatus.)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids (treating a
compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking,
cooling, and/or drying only.)
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 124 for
process and apparatus for destroying macroscopic vermin
visible to the naked eye. This class (422) provides for
process and apparatus generic to destruction of vermin and
micro-organisms. (see above section on disinfecting,
deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.)
47, Plant Husbandry, when limited to treating living plants,
particularly subclass 57.5 for injecting processes and
apparatus. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing,
preserving, or sterilizing, per se.)
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, appropriate subclasses for
apparatus for preparing the subject matter of the class.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, for apparatus for making
heating and illuminating gas. (material preparation or
treating apparatus.)
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating (processes and apparatus
for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing
when steps or means are claimed in combination.)
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), particularly
subclass 101, 130, 168, and 517 for in situ used building
components with attached or built-in preserving features.
(art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing,
preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in
combination.)
53, Package Making, 428 for methods; and subclasses 111+ for
apparatus for packaging combined with contents treating. (art
processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing,
preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in
combination.)
53, Package Making, 111 for packaging apparatus with
contents material treating. (material preparation or treating
apparatus.)
55, Gas Separation (physical separation class)
60, Power Plants, appropriate subclasses for power plants
using named chemical material. material preparation or
treating apparatus.)
62, Refrigeration, particularly subclass 78 and subclass 331
for processes and apparatus for preserving by refrigeration,
including such steps or means combined with deodorizing,
antisepticizing or germiciding the material which is
subjected to refrigeration or providing a special atmosphere
in a cooled space. (see above section on disinfecting,
deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.)
62, Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for
cooling or freezing, especially subclass 330 for such
apparatus with means for making the refrigerant. (material
preparation or treating apparatus.)
62, Refrigeration, particularly subclass 78, and subclass 331
for processes and apparatus for preserving by refrigeration,
including such steps or means combined with deodorizing,
antisepticizing or germiciding the material which is
subjected to refrigeration or providing a special atmosphere
in a cooled space. (art processes and apparatus for
disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when
steps or means are claimed in combination.)
65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for apparatus
for making glass including glass in the form of filaments or
fibers. (material preparation or treating apparatus.)
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 1 and 2 for
waste reclaiming and carbonizing apparatus, respectively.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
73, Measuring, and Testing, for apparatus for making tests
and measurements not otherwise provided for. See particularly
subclass 36 for testing illuminating fluids for flash point,
vapor pressure, and end point. (analytical apparatus.)
95, Gas Separation: Processes (physical separation class)
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas
separation not involving a chemical reaction. (material
preparation or treating apparatus.)
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus (physical separation class)
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus (treating a compound,
composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling,
and/or drying only.)
99, Food and Beverages: Apparatus, 467 for subjecting food
to a modified atmosphere; and subclasses 518+ and 600+ for
grain hulling which may involve the removal of smut and other
organisms by substantial rubbing, abrading, etc. (see above
section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or
sterilizing, per se.)
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclass for
food making and treating apparatus. (material preparation or
treating apparatus.)
100, Presses, 70 for apparatus for pressing combined with
means providing an additional treatment of the material being
pressed. (material preparation or treating apparatus.)
101, Printing (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting,
deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means
are claimed in combination.)
110, Furnaces (treating a compound, composition, or
by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying
only.)
110, Furnaces, 235 for apparatus for burning wet fuel,
garbage and sewage, and refuse, respectively. (material
preparation or treating apparatus.)
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for non-coating
apparatus for growing therein-defined single-crystal of all
types of materials, including inorganic or organic. (material
preparation or treating apparatus.)
118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for coating
apparatus combined with means to treat the work or coating.
(This search note is related to material preparation or
treating apparatus.)
119, Animal Husbandry (art processes and apparatus for
disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when
steps or means are claimed in combination.)
119, Animal Husbandry, subclass 156 for antivermin
treatment. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing,
preserving, or sterilizing, per se.)
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers (treating a compound,
composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling,
and/or drying only.)
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 21 for boiler
heated by chemical action other than combustion of fuel; and
subclasses 379+ for boiler having means to clean same.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
126, Stoves and Furnaces, 263.01 for means for creating heat
by chemical action. (material preparation or treating
apparatus.)
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, 1 for apparatus for
treating sugars, starches, and carbohydrates material.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
126, Stoves and Furnaces (treating a compound, composition,
or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying
only.)
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates (physical separation
class)
128, Surgery (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting,
deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means
are claimed in combination.)
131, Tobacco, subclass 290, particularly subclasses 290 and
300. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing,
preserving, or sterilizing, per se.)
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, 43 for
cleaning apparatus or liquid contact with solids apparatus.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for cleaning
processes (including those performed by the apparatus of
Class 15 for cleaning apparatus not otherwise provided for).
(treating a compound, composition, or by-product by
cleaning.)
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, appropriate
subclasses for means for generating an electrical current.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
137, Fluid Handling, 15.1 for apparatus for handling fluids.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
345 for etching adhesive bonding and various types chemical
manufacture apparatus. (material preparation or treating
apparatus.)
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric (art
processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing,
preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in
combination.)
137, Fluid Handling, 88 for systems for controlling the
mixture of a plurality of fluids in response to the sensing
of a condition or characteristic of the mixture, note
particularly subclass 93 in which the control is in response
to a sensing of a chemical property. (analytical apparatus.)
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting,
deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means
are claimed in combination.)
148, Metal Treatment (art processes and apparatus for
disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when
steps or means are claimed in combination.)
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
for preserving by laminating, and see search notes
thereunder. ( treating a compound, composition, or by-product
by coating, impregnating, or laminating.)
159, Concentrating Evaporators (physical separation class)
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation (art processes and
apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or
sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.)
159, Concentrating Evaporators, for means concentrating
solids held in a solution of suspension. (material
preparation or treating apparatus.)
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 232 for apparatus
for making paper or liberating fiber. (material preparation
or treating apparatus.)
164, Metal Founding, 139 for apparatus for moulding metal.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
165, Heat Exchange (treating a compound, composition, or
by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying
only.)
166, Wells (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting,
deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means
are claimed in combination.)
169, Fire Extinguishers (art processes and apparatus for
disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when
steps or means are claimed in combination.)
169, Fire Extinguishers, especially subclass 6 and 7 for
fire extinguishers operable as a result of chemical action.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus (material preparation or
treating apparatus.)
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 132 and 141 for
combinations of apparatus for making a test or measurement
and means for controlling a reaction provided for in that
class. (analytical apparatus.)
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic (physical
separation class)
202, Distillation: Apparatus (material preparation or
treating apparatus.)
202, Distillation: Apparatus (physical separation class)
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory (physical separation
class)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy (physical
separation class)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 193 for
apparatus for that class. (material preparation or treating
apparatus.)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 194 for
electrolytic apparatus, in general, including that used for
preserving, disinfecting, or sterilizing, and other
appropriate subclasses for electrical or wave energy methods
for the production of chlorine, ozone, or other preserving,
disinfecting, or sterilizing agents. (see above section on
disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per
se.)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses
400-435 for apparatus specialized for the determination of
hydrogen ion concentration of solutions. (analytical
apparatus.)
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 334 for electrolytic
synthesis of chlorine, ozone, or other preserving,
disinfecting, or sterilizing agents and subclasses 687+ for
electrolytic material treatment processes, especially
subclass 701 for electrolytic treatment of biological
material (e.g., sterilizing, etc.). (see above section on
disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per
se.)
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass .5 for infusion
containing receptacle; and subclasses 524.1+ for container
with specified material or content. (material preparation or
treating apparatus.)
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products (physical
separation class)
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids (physical
separation class)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation (physical separation
class)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 600 for processes;
and subclasses 85 and 542 for apparatus for other liquid
purification. (see above section on disinfecting,
deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 85 for apparatus for
purifying a liquid. (material preparation or treating
apparatus.)
215, Bottles and Jars, appropriate subclasses for bottles,
jars, closures, and attachments therefor. (material
preparation or treating apparatus.)
219, Electric Heating, appropriate subclasses for electrical
heating devices. (material preparation or treating
apparatus.)
219, Electric Heating (treating a compound, composition, or
by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying
only.)
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for dispensing
apparatus. (material preparation or treating apparatus.)
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, 2 for fusion bonding apparatus.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing. (material
preparation or treating apparatus.)
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, 31 for
comminution apparatus combined with material treating means.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration (physical
separation class)
241, Solid Material, Comminution or Disintegration, for
comminuting combined with physical preservation,
sterilization, or disinfecting where the combined step or
means is of the type provided for as a combination in that
class (241). (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting,
deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means
are claimed in combination.)
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, Class 422 has no
preservative by either purification involving a chemical
reaction or by physical separation. (physical separation
class)
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus (material preparation
or treating apparatus.)
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting,
deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means
are claimed in combination.)
266, Metallurgical Apparatus (treating a compound,
composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling,
and/or drying only.)
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 80 for automatic
means with an analyzer. (analytical apparatus.)
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclass 5 for apparatus for in situ conversion of solid to
fluid by dissolving or chemical action. (material preparation
or treating apparatus.)
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, 31 for cabinet structure
support with gas or vapor treatment of material. (material
preparation or treating apparatus.)
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses for apparatus for testing an electrical property
or condition of a material by electrical means, even though
the results of the test may be used as an indication of some
other physical or chemical property or condition. (analytical
apparatus.)
346, Recorders, for recording apparatus, per se. (analytical
apparatus.)
366, Agitating, subclass 142 for agitating means with a
test, signal, or indicator means. (analytical apparatus.)
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces (treating a
compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking,
cooling, and/or drying only.)
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 340 for generally treating materials within a
nuclear reactor including for such purposes as preserving,
disinfecting, and sterilizing. (see above section on
disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per
se.)
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 64 for
x-irradiation. (see above section on disinfecting,
deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.)
379, Telephonic Communications, subclass 452 for antiseptic
protectors for telephones. (This search note is related to
other disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing,
per se.)
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 8 for
flammability testing; and subclasses 31+ for calorimetry.
(analytical apparatus.)
366, Agitating, appropriate subclasses for agitating
apparatus. (material preparation or treating apparatus.)
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, 109 for carbon
treating apparatus. (material preparation or treating
apparatus.)
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for carrying
out nuclear reactions. (material preparation or treating
apparatus.)
396, Photography, 564 for fluid-treating apparatus for
photos:graphic film. (material preparation or treating
apparatus.)
414, Material or Article Handling, appropriate subclasses for
article or material handling, usually of general utility.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclasses for process involving mere use of the
composition of that class (424). (This search note is related
to other disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or
sterilizing, per se.)
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, 312 and 321+ for preservation of edible materials.
(see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving,
or sterilizing, per se.)
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology. (see
above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or
sterilizing, per se.)
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, including apparatus for pelletizing,
agglomerating, or granulating. (material preparation or
treating apparatus.)
429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product, and Process, appropriate subclasses for means for
producing electricity caused by a chemical reaction.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
431, Combustion, for apparatus for burning material.
(material preparation or treating apparatus.)
432, Heating, for heating apparatus. (material preparation or
treating apparatus.)
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 283.1
for apparatus for propagating, treating, or containing
enzymes or living organisms or for fermenting. (material
preparation or treating apparatus.)
494, Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators. (material
preparation or treating apparatus.)
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by
heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only.)
427, Coating Processes, for preserving a substance by
coating, including the compounds, classified in Class 423,
Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds and Class 260 Chemistry of
Carbon Compounds, when the preserving is done by a coating
operation which is, per se, classified in Class 427.
(treating a compound, composition, or by-product by coating,
impregnating, or laminating.)
432, Heating (treating a compound, composition, or
by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying
only.)
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology.
(physical separation class)
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing.
(physical separation class)
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other
Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web. (see above section on
disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per
se.)
494, Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators. (physical
separation class)
533, through 570, Organic Compounds, appropriate subclasses.
(physical separation class)
585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, particularly 2 and
800+. (physical separation class)
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, for
processes of destruction (e.g., disinfection, sterilization)
by any means (e.g., heating, chemical action, radiation) of
hazardous or toxic waste to make such waste into an
environmentally safe substance, especially see 215 for
destruction of bio-materials (e.g., sterilization of medical
or dental waste) to render safe for landfill disposal, and
subclass 258 for processes of permanently storing hazardous
or toxic waste per se, such as pathogenic organisms (e.g.,
virus, bacteria, or medical or dental waste). (art processes
and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or
sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.)
D10, Measuring, Testing, or Signaling Instruments, for design
patents pertaining to the subject matter of the class.
(analytical apparatus.)
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
PROCESS DISINFECTING, PRESERVING, DEODORIZING, OR
STERILIZING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Process for maintaining a protective environment or
counteracting destructive environment by disinfection,
deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing.
(1) Note. Manufacturing articles or stock material to be
resistant to deterioration in use, as by adding a stabilizer
or by processes of manufacture, are classifiable, per se, in;
e.g., Classes 156, 264, 427, etc.
(2) Note. Manufacturing or processing steps classifiable,
per se, in a class when combined with a step(s) proper for
this class is classified in the, per se, class and crossed to
this Class 422.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for apparatus for destroying organisms by the sudden
release of high pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, particularly subclass 78, and 331 for
processes and apparatus for preserving by refrigeration,
including such steps or means combined with deodorizing,
antisepticizing or germiciding the material which is
subjected to refrigeration or providing a special atmosphere
in a cooled space.
379, Telephonic Communications, subclass 452 for antiseptic
telephone protectors.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treatment Compositions,
76.1 for deodorant compositions which are not applied to the
living body which function by destroying the odor-causing
organism or by desensitizing the olfactory mechanism.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, for
processes of destruction (e.g., disinfection, sterilization)
by any means (e.g., heating, chemical action, radiation) of
hazardous or toxic waste to make such waste into an
environmentally safe substance, especially see 215 for
destruction of bio-materials (e.g., sterilization of medical
or dental waste) to render safe for landfill disposal, and
subclass 258 for processes of permanently storing hazardous
or toxic waste per se, such as pathogenic organisms (e.g.,
virus, bacteria, or medical or dental waste).
Subclass:
2
Step of warning or decreasing hazard of process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process
including a step intended to increase the safety of or
decrease the danger of the process or to warn persons away
from an area where a dangerous process is being performed.
(1) Note. The danger must be caused by the process itself.
Preserving against a hazard is placed below.
Subclass:
3
Process control in response to analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
the disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing
step is carried out in response to a step of chemical
analysis.
(1) Note. The analysis must be of the article or material
which is acted upon, of the environment, or of an added
agent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 1 for
analytical and analytical-control methods.
Subclass:
4
A gas is substance acted upon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process where
the substance being acted upon is a gas.
(1) Note. There must be an intent to treat a gas. Using a
gas as a carrier for a disinfectant or other material, etc.,
is placed below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for treatment of gas to render it nondestructive to
metal.
Subclass:
5
Deodorizing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
an offensive odor is destroyed or masked.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, particularly subclass 78, and 331 for
processes and apparatus for preserving by refrigeration,
including such steps or means combined with deodorizing,
antisepticizing or germiciding the material which is
subjected to refrigeration or providing a special atmosphere
in a cooled space.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 65
for cosmetic containing a deodorant, and subclasses 76.1+ for
nonbody treating deodorant compositions. Class 424 provides
for process of deodorizing involving only the mere
application of a Class 424 composition.
512, Perfume Compositions, subclasses 1-27.
Subclass:
6
Affecting structure, article, etc., submerged in marine
environment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process for
preserving structures, e.g., ships, docks, etc., used in open
bodies of water, e.g., lakes, ponds, rivers, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 14 for
antifouling paints of the type proper for that class and
nominal methods of application.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 78.09 for anti-fouling paints based on synthetic
resins and nominal methods of application.
427, Coating Processes, for significant processes of coating
or impregnating with a substance which prevents the attack of
structures by marine organisms.
Subclass:
7
Maintaining environment nondestructive to metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process for
modifying an environment in contact with metal in a manner
that damage or destruction of the metal, by other than
mechanical means, is decreased or eliminated.
(1) Note. Articles or compositions and their mere method of
manufacture are classified in the relevant classes even
though they contain additives or features intended to prevent
damage; e.g., corrosion, etc., to the metal which they come
into contact with or which is part of the article. However,
processes which require a continued ongoing maintenance of a
condition are considered more than mere methods of
manufacture and are classified hereunder.
(2) Note. Art processes combined with steps of preventing
damage to metal; e.g., anticorrosion, etc., are classified
with the relevant process. However, this and indented
subclasses provide for nominal art processes wherein the only
positive steps recited are those of preventing damage to the
metal; e.g., corrosion, etc.
Subclass:
8
Using protective article (e.g., antitarnish fabric, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Process
involving use of an article or stock material to protect
metal other than by mere mechanical barrier.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, 205 and 524.4 for
subject matter of that class having antitarnish feature.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, 31 for structures of that
class combined with gas or vapor treatment of material.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for stock
material or miscellaneous articles which do not contain metal
protective feature; e.g., anticorrosion, etc.
Subclass:
9
Using gaseous preservative, preservative added to gaseous
phase of environment, or maintaining gaseous phase
nondestructive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Process wherein
(a) the agent used to prevent damage to metal is a gas, (b) a
substance is added to the gaseous phase to prevent damage to
the metal contacted by the gaseous phase, or (c) the gaseous
phase is treated to prevent it from damaging the metal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, 31 for structures of that
class combined with gas or vapor treatment of material.
Subclass:
10
Manipulating gaseous environment for preservative purpose:
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Process
involving the step of handling the gaseous phase which is for
the sole purpose of preventing damage to metal other than,
per se, adding a substance to the gaseous phase.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, appropriate subclasses for gas
purification, per se, not combined with the use of treated
gaseous phase to preserve metal.
Subclass:
11
Steam environment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Process wherein
the gaseous phase is essentially water at a temperature above
its boiling point at the prevailing pressure.
Subclass:
12
Aqueous acid environment (i.e., pH <EQ; 4.1):
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Process for
preventing damage to metal caused by an environment which
contains water and a protonic acid as strong as
H[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]S or stronger (i.e., pH <EQ;
4.1)\.
(1) Note. See subclass 13 definition for the definition of
an aqueous alkaline solution as used therein.
Subclass:
13
Aqueous alkali environment (i.e., pH <EQ; 4.1):
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Process for
preventing damage to metal caused by an environment which
contains water and an alkali as strong as -HCO[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt] in aqueous solution or stronger (i.e., pH
[supscrpt]3[end supscrpt] 8.4).
(1) Note. See subclass 12 definition for the definition of
an aqueous acid solution as used therein.
Subclass:
14
Essentially pure water environment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Process for
preventing damage to metal by an environment which is
essentially liquid water.
(1) Note. "Essentially pure water" is defined as water of at
least industrial purity, containing no significant
intentional additive intended to perfect it for an art use
not possessed by water, per se. It is recognized that
industrial water contains many incidental impurities and even
though the nature and amount are specifically stated, the
presence of these substances will not prevent classification
here hereunder, nor will impurities which build up in a water
system during use; e.g., boiler, etc. The following are
considered essentially pure water: carbonic acid solutions
which are the mere result of operating in ambient air; boiler
water and cooling water even if they contain small amounts of
other intentional perfecting additives; e.g., biocides, etc.
Sea water is not considered essentially pure.
Subclass:
15
Using organic compound having phosphorus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Process wherein
an organic compound containing phosphorus is employed to
reduce damage to metal by essentially pure water.
(1) Note. The term "organic" is used as defined in Class
260.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are inorganic phosphorus
acid salts of organic compounds; e.g., amine phosphates,
etc.
Subclass:
16
Using organic nitrogen compound other than ammonium salt:
Process under subclass wherein an organic nitrogen compound
is employed.
(1) Note. The presence of the NH[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt] +
ion in an organic salt will not be considered to make the
compound nitrogen containing for purposes of this subclass.
Subclass:
17
Using organic carboxylic acid or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Process wherein
an organic carboxylic acid or salt thereof is employed.
Subclass:
18
Using inorganic silicon or phosphorus compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Process wherein
an inorganic silicon or phosphorus compound is employed.
Subclass:
19
Using heavy metal or compound thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Process wherein
a metal of specific gravity of 4 or greater or a compound
thereof is employed.
Subclass:
20
Using sonic or ultrasonic energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process
including the step of treating the article or material with
vibratory energy of the frequency of 10 cps or greater.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for apparatus for destroying organisms by the sudden
release of high pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclass 1 for
combination of cleaning and stabilizing, wherein ultrasonic
energy is employed.
Subclass:
21
Using microwave energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process
including the step of treating the article or material with
electromagnetic waves in the range of 3 X 10[supscrpt]9[end
supscrpt] Hz to 3 X 10[supscrpt]11 [end supscrpt]Hz; i.e.,
the so-called "microwave" range.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 600 for inductive heating, subclasses
678+ for microwave heating, and subclasses 764+ for
capacitive dielectric heating.
Subclass:
22
Using direct contact with electrical or electromagnetic
radiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process
including the step of treating the article or material with
electrical energy or electromagnetic radiation.
(1) Note. Ordinary radiant heating, e.g., as in an oven, is
included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, 57 for methods of gas
separation involving electrostatic precipitation by
ionization of air in which ozone may additionally be
generated.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 687 for electrolytic
material treatment processes, especially subclass 701 for
electrolytic treatment of biological material (e.g.,
sterilizing, etc.).
250, Radiant Energy, 324 for methods of corona irradiation;
subclasses 432+ for the irradiation of contained, supported,
or transferred fluent material; subclasses 453.11+ for
methods of irradiating supported objects; subclasses 459.1+
for methods of irradiating fluorescent and phosphorescent
materials, and subclasses 492.1+ for methods of irradiating
objects or materials generally.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, 237 for process of treating edible material with
electrical or wave energy.
Subclass:
23
In atmosphere other than air:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Process wherein
the treatment takes place in a specified atmosphere other
than air.
Subclass:
24
Ultraviolet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Process wherein
the electromagnetic radiation has a frequency in the range of
7 X 10[supscrpt]14[end supscrpt]Hz to 3 X 10[supscrpt]16[end
supscrpt]Hz; i.e., the so-called ultraviolet range".
(1) Note. X-rays having a frequency greater than 3 X
10[supscrpt]16[end supscrpt]Hz are not included herein.
Subclass:
25
Including additional step of preventing damage to sealed
container:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
the article is a sealed container and wherein the process
includes a step or condition intended to prevent physical
damage to the container.
Subclass:
26
Using direct contact steam to disinfect or sterilize:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
water vapor at a temperature above the boiling point of
liquid water at the pressure employed is used to directly
contact and destroy noxious organisms.
Subclass:
27
And additional disinfecting or sterilizing agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Process wherein
an additional agent is used to disinfect or sterilize in
admixture with steam.
Subclass:
28
Using disinfecting or sterilizing substance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
an article or material is treated with a substance to
disinfect or sterilize by more than the mere effect of heat.
(1) Note. A treating substance used in a disinfecting or
sterilizing process is considered to be a disinfecting or
sterilizing agent unless its effect is disclosed to be merely
that of heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, particularly subclass 78, and subclass 331
for processes and apparatus for preserving by refrigeration,
including such steps or means combined with deodorizing,
antisepticizing or germiciding the material which is
subjected to refrigeration or providing a special atmosphere
in a cooled space.
Subclass:
29
In situ generation of agent other than aldehyde or glycol:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein
the agent is prepared at the site of the process for
immediate use and is other than an aldehyde or glycol.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for process of generating an aldehyde in situ.
Subclass:
30
And removing the agent by chemical reaction or sorption:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein
the disinfecting or sterilizing substance is removed or
destroyed after treatment by use of a chemical reaction,
absorption, or adsorption.
Subclass:
31
And recovering or reusing the agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein
the substance is recovered for reuse or is recycled to
another step of disinfecting or sterilizing.
Subclass:
32
Treating bulk material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein
the material being treated is particulate matter handled in
bulk of mass, e.g., sand as opposed to articles handled
individually.
Subclass:
33
With positive pressure or vacuum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process
including a step of placing the material or article under
pressure either below or above the ambient pressure.
Subclass:
34
Using alkylene oxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein
the disinfecting or sterilizing substance is an alkylene
oxide; i.e., containing the group R- CH- CH[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt] wherein R is a hydrocarbon or hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 449 and 475 for disinfecting compositions
containing an alkylene oxide.
Subclass:
35
Using cyanide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein
the disinfecting or sterilizing substance is a cyanide, i.e.,
contains the group -C N.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
especially 607 for disinfecting and sterilizing composition
containing a cyanide or nitrite (N) compound.
514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 112 and 519+.
Subclass:
36
Using aldehyde:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein
the disinfecting or sterilizing substance contains an
aldehyde group; i.e., -CH.
(1) Note. This subclass also includes process wherein the
disinfecting or sterilizing substance is an aldehyde yielding
substance; e.g., paraformaldehyde, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
especially 693 for disinfecting or sterilizing compositions
containing aldehyde.
Subclass:
37
Using halogen or halogen-containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein
the disinfecting or sterilizing substance contains a halogen
or a halogen-containing compound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclasses for disinfecting or sterilizing
compositions containing a halogen.
Subclass:
38
Using fluent heat transfer medium other than air:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
the article or material is treated by heating the same with a
fluent heat transfer medium other than air.
(1) Note. When it cannot be determined whether a fluent
medium is only for heat transfer or whether the medium is
also a disinfecting or sterilizing agent, the patent is
placed in subclass 28 and cross-referenced here. See note in
subclass 28.
Subclass:
39
By sudden release of pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
the article or material is subjected to a high pressure which
is suddenly released.
(1) Note. Most patents in this subclass are drawn to the
destruction of micro- organisms; e.g., bacteria, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for apparatus for destroying organisms by the sudden
release of high pressure.
Subclass:
40
Process of storage or protection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process directed
to residual processes of storage or protection of articles or
materials provided for under the definition 1.
(1) Note. This subclass requires a continuing or ongoing
process. A single uniform admixture with preserving agent is
not included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, particularly subclass 78, and 331 for
processes and apparatus for preserving by refrigeration,
including such steps or means combined with deodorizing,
antisepticizing or germiciding the material which is
subjected to refrigeration or providing a special atmosphere
in a cooled space.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, subclass 418 for process of storing solid foods
under controlled condition.
Subclass:
41
Of liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Process wherein
the substance stored or protected is a liquid under the
conditions employed.
(1) Note. Included herein is the storage in a molten state
of a material solid at room temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 9 for continuous liquid phase colloid systems
(e.g., foams, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions) or agents
for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or
agents, when generically claimed or when there is no
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the
specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
42
By preventing evaporation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Process wherein
the liquid is protected against loss by evaporation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 9 for continuous liquid phase colloid systems
(e.g., foams, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions) or agents
for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or
agents, when generically claimed or when there is no
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the
specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
43
Of water:
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Process wherein
water is the liquid protected against evaporation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
900 for art collections pertaining to subclasses 1-43.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 9 for continuous liquid phase colloid systems
(e.g., foams, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions) or agents
for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or
agents, when generically claimed or when there is no
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the
specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
44
BLOOD TREATING DEVICE FOR TRANSFUSIBLE BLOOD:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus for treating blood externally of a blooded animal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
2 for process of maintaining blood cells in a viable state.
494, Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, appropriate
subclasses, for apparatus and process for breaking up a
mixture of fluids or fluent substances into two or more
components by centrifuging within a generally solid-walled,
receptacle-like member, and see especially 16, for a
separator of that class which includes a plurality of
miniature bowls (e.g., test tubes) distributed about a
rotatable carrier and readily removable therefrom, which
latter design of separator, it may be observed, frequently is
utilized for separating blood into two or more of its
components.
604, Surgery, subclass 507 for method of introducing or
removing material from the vasculature system.
Subclass:
45
Oxygenator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus
having means for extracorporeal oxygenation of blood.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate
subclasses, especially 75 for devices for contacting a gas
with a liquid.
Subclass:
46
Including integral heat-exchange means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Apparatus
having means integrally connected with the oxygenator for
heating or cooling.
Subclass:
47
Bubble or foam producing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Apparatus
having means for producing a blood-oxygen mixture in the form
of a foam or entrained bubbles.
Subclass:
48
Membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Apparatus
wherein a membrane (e.g., semipermeable microporous, etc.)
separates the blood from the oxygenating medium.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 4 for apparatus for selective
diffusion of gases (e.g., semipermeable membrane, etc.).
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 634 for selective
separation using septum selective to composition.
Subclass:
49
INCLUDING MEANS FACILITATING PART REPLACEMENT OR REPAIR OTHER
THAN SOLID, EXTENDED SURFACE, FLUID CONTACT MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having structure disclosed as making it easier to
repair or replace parts of the apparatus which deteriorated
or is inoperative.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 171+, 190, and 211+, for this feature in a solid,
extended surface, fluid contact means.
Subclass:
50
ANALYZER, STRUCTURED INDICATOR, OR MANIPULATIVE LABORATORY
DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus for quantitative or qualitative chemical analysis
and laboratory devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, for apparatus for making tests and
measurement not otherwise provided for. See particularly
subclass 38 for testing illuminating fluids for flash point,
vapor pressure, and end point.
137, Fluid Handling, 88 for systems for controlling the
mixture of a plurality of fluids in response to the sensing
of a condition or characteristic of the mixture, note
particularly subclass 93 in which the control is in response
to a sensing of a chemical property.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 132 and 141 for
combinations of apparatus for making a test or measurement
and means for controlling a reaction provided for in that
class.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses
400-435 for apparatus specialized for the determination of
a hydrogen ion concentration of solutions.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses for apparatus for testing an electrical property
or condition of a material by electrical means, even though
the results of the test may be used as an indication of some
other physical or chemical property or condition.
346, Recorders, for recording apparatus, per se.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 8 for
flammability testing; and subclasses 31+ for calorimetry.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 1 for
similar processes.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 260 for the sensing, detecting, or monitoring of
hazardous or toxic waste during storage or containment.
Subclass:
51
Calorimeter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus
wherein the analyzer is a calorimeter; i.e., an analyzer
using the measurement of thermodynamic parameters of the
material being analyzed as the basis of the analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 31 for a calorimeter not
involving the determination of the amount of a constituent in
a compound or means effecting a chemical reaction other than
combustion.
Subclass:
52
Chemiluminescent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus
comprising means using the measurement of light generated and
emitted during a chemical reaction of the material being
analyzed as the basis of the analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 182.11 for chemiluminescent
compositions.
362, Illumination, subclass 34 for chemiluminescent lighting
apparatus having light modifying structure.
Subclass:
53
Corrosion tester:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus for
measuring (a) the corrosivity of chemical agents or
environments, (b) the corrosion resistance of materials, or
(c) the effectiveness of corrosion-inhibiting agents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
240 for chemical apparatus constructed of material to resist
corrosion.
Subclass:
54
Flame ionization detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus
comprising an analyzer using the measurement of a change in
the conductivity of a standard, usually hydrogen, flame due
to the inclusion of another gas or vapor therein to detect
the presence or amount of that gas or vapor in a sample.
Subclass:
55
Structured visual or optical indicator, per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus
comprising (a) a structured indicator; i.e., an indicator
which is more than a composition, per se, and has structure,
or (b) liquid crystals, per se, which give a visual or
optical indication of the presence or amount of material to
be tested in the sample.
(1) Note. Visual or optical indicators, per se, include
color indicators such as test papers or test strips and
columns which give a visual or optical indication (e.g.,
color) of the presence or amount of material in the sample.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82.05 for structured visual or optical indicators which
include a standard referencing scale such as pipettes,
burettes, color charts, and test strips including a standard
colored chart.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 200 for indicators of general
utility.
252, Compositions, subclass 408.1 for indicating
compositions.
Subclass:
56
Having reagent in absorbent or bibulous substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Apparatus
wherein indicating reagent is contained in absorbent or
bibulous carrier or substrate; e.g., a dip-stick, test paper,
wick, etc.
Subclass:
57
Having coated reagent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Apparatus
wherein the reagent is coated on the surface of a carrier or
substrate.
Subclass:
58
In holder or container having special form:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Apparatus
wherein the indicator is contained in a holder or container
having a special form or design; e.g., test plates, dish,
tray, slide, etc.
Subclass:
59
Column:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Apparatus in
the form of a column-like structure.
Subclass:
60
Having plural-layered material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Apparatus
having material consisting of multiple distinct layers.
Subclass:
61
Test package or kit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus
comprising (a) a package containing reagents and all
necessary ingredients to perform a test or (b) self-contained
test kits for field testing, usually having dosage amounts of
each material needed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for structured visual or optical indicators which may be
a component of a kit or package.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, appropriate subclasses
for packages and kits, especially 524.1 for chemical
package.
Subclass:
62
Automatic analytical monitor and control of industrial
process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus
having means for automatically analytically monitoring and
controlling a chemical or physical industrial process; e.g.,
measuring the carbon monoxide concentration in a flue gas and
automatically changing the fuel/air ratio based on the
measurement, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 and 81+, for automatic analytical system with specified
transport means.
105 for control element responsive to sensed operation.
Subclass:
63
Sample mechanical transport means in or for automated
analytical system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus
having self-operated analytical systems or components thereof
wherein the sample to be analyzed is moved to treating
stations by mechanical means.
Subclass:
64
Means is turntable (circular):
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus
wherein the mechanical means includes a circular turntable
for moving the sample from station to station.
(1) Note. The presence of a circular turntable for feeding
the sample to the analytical system is not included herein.
Subclass:
65
Means is conveyor and rack:
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus
wherein the mechanical means includes a conveyor and sample
supporting rack.
Subclass:
66
Means is moving tape or band:
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus
wherein the mechanical means includes a moving band or tape
having sample supports integral therewith.
Subclass:
67
With specific analytical program control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus
having means for providing specific analytical program
control, including; i.e., command instructions, data
correlation, sample location, coding of sample holder, etc.
Subclass:
68.1
Means for analyzing liquid or solid sample:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus
wherein the material to be analyzed is initially in the solid
or liquid state, including the analysis of a gas contained in
a liquid or solid sample.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 53.01 for liquid analysis, per
se; subclasses 152.18+ for a fluid analysis in testing a
borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging wherein the test is
not purely electrical or purely magnetic; and in particular
subclass 152.42 for determining the relative proportion of
fluid constituents wherein the test is not purely electrical
or purely magnetic.
Subclass:
69
Sorption testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus
including means providing for the absorption or adsorption of
the material being tested, usually on a solid material.
Subclass:
70
Liquid chromatography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus
specifically designed or adapted for liquid chromas:graphic
analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 61.1 for liquid
chromatography testing not involving a chemical reaction.
Subclass:
71
With radioactive material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus
wherein the material being tested includes a radioactive
tracer, including; e.g., apparatus for T-3 and T-4 tests.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
159 for apparatus for radioactive reactant or product.
Subclass:
72
Including centrifuge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus
having centrifugal apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
494, Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, appropriate
subclasses, for apparatus for breaking up a mixture of fluids
or fluent substances into two or more components by
centrifuging within a generally solid-walled, receptacle-like
member.
Subclass:
73
With coagulometer for agglutination, clotting, or for
particle (e.g., cell, etc.) counting, or volume or
characteristics determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus for
analyzing material by measuring such coagulation phenomena as
agglomeration, agglutination, precipitation, clotting,
prothrombin, etc., or for particle (e.g., cell, etc.)
counting, or volume or characteristics determination.
Subclass:
74
Dairy tester:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus for
analysis of dairy products.
Subclass:
75
Including titrator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus
which utilizes titration as a means of chemical analysis.
Subclass:
76
Conductiometric type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Apparatus
having a conductiometric detector which measures ion
concentration; e.g., pH, etc., by incremental volumetric
additions of a titrant.
Subclass:
77
With integrating or differentiating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Apparatus
having differentiating or integrating means, usually to
extrapolate mathematically to the desired titration end
point.
Subclass:
78
Including means for pyrolysis, combustion, or oxidation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus
having means for heating the substance to be analyzed either
in the presence or absence of oxygen to cause a chemical
reaction; e.g., oxidation, etc., or thermal decomposition of
the material.
Subclass:
79
Biological, chemical, or total oxygen demand (i.e., BOD, COD,
TOD):
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Apparatus for
the analysis of water to determine its oxygen demand.
Subclass:
80
And means directly analyzing evolved gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Apparatus
having means for analyzing the gas which is produced as a
result of the combustion or pyrolysis.
Subclass:
81
Automated system with sample fluid pressure transport means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus
having self-operated analytical systems wherein the sample is
moved to treating stations principally by fluid pressure.
Subclass:
82
And means segmenting fluid material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Apparatus
having means for dividing the fluid into segments with
bubbles or slugs of separating fluid.
Subclass:
82.01
Measuring electrical property:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus
having means for measuring an electrical property such as
detecting the presence of electrical charge carrying
substances (e.g., ions, electrolytes, etc.) in the material
to be analyzed or detecting the effect of the material to be
analyzed on an electrical circuit (e.g., change in voltage,
current, electromotive force, potential, impedance,
resistance, or conductivity).
Subclass:
82.02
Resistance or conductivity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.01. Apparatus
having means for measuring the resistance or conductivity of
the material to be analyzed or having means for detecting an
alteration or a change of resistance or conductivity due to
the presence of an element (e.g., an ion) in the material to
be analyzed.
Subclass:
82.03
Ion selective electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.01. Apparatus
having an ion selective or ion sensitive electrode to measure
the presence of a particular substance in the material to be
analyzed.
(1) Note. An ion selective chloride electrode will measure
only chloride ions as opposed to any negatively charged ion
in a solution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 416 for ion
selective electrodes, per se.
Subclass:
82.04
Dissolved gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.03. Apparatus
wherein the ion selective electrode is specific for a
dissolved gas; e.g., a pH sensitive electrode or an electrode
specific for dissolved carbon dioxide.
Subclass:
82.05
Measuring optical property by using ultraviolet, infrared, or
visible light:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus
having means for detecting an optical property of the
material to be analyzed.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are apparatus which
include some sort of referencing scale with which the sample
can be compared by the human eye; e.g., graduations on a
pipette, a burette, or a color chart.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for structured visual or optical indicators, per se, in
the absence of a positive claimed recitation of an indicator
with a referencing scale, even though the indicator could be
used with a referencing scale.
Subclass:
82.06
Optode or optrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.05. Apparatus
wherein the means for detecting an optical property is an
optode or optrode; i.e., an optical detection apparatus that
includes an optical indicator which is set apart from the
material to be analyzed by a semipermeable membrane.
(1) Note. In such apparatus, the substance to be measured in
the material to be analyzed permeates through the
semipermeable membrane reacting with the indicator to produce
an optical response that is detected by an optical detector;
e.g., a fluorescence detector or a color detector.
Subclass:
82.07
Fluorescence:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.06. Apparatus
wherein the optode or optrode is such that it produces a
fluorescent optical response which is detected by a
fluorescence detector.
Subclass:
82.08
Fluorescence:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.05. Apparatus
having means for measuring fluorescence or luminescence in
the material to be analyzed; e.g., a fluorimeter or an
oscilloscope.
Subclass:
82.09
Absorbance or transmittance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.05. Apparatus
having means for measuring the absorbance or transmittance of
the material to be analyzed; e.g., a spectrophotometer, a
colorimeter, or a spectro-optical digitizer.
Subclass:
82.11
Waveguides:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.05. Apparatus
having a waveguide which is in contact with the material to
be analyzed and through which light is passed, which light
interacts with the material to be analyzed modifying the
light which is detected after it leaves the waveguide.
(1) Note. Such waveguides often have a coating thereon which
reacts with a substance in the material to be analyzed to
produce a change in the coating which in turn modifies the
light passed through the waveguide.
Subclass:
82.12
Measuring temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus
having means for measuring the temperature of the material to
be analyzed; e.g., a thermocouple.
Subclass:
82.13
Measuring pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus
having means for measuring the pressure in the material to be
analyzed; e.g., a manometer.
Subclass:
83
Means for analyzing gas sample:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus
wherein the material to be analyzed is initially in the
gaseous state.
(1) Note. The analysis of a gas which is initially contained
in a liquid or solid sample is not contained here (see this
class, subclasses 68+).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 23.2 for gas analysis testing not
involving a chemical reaction, particularly subclasses 23.35+
for chromatos:graphic testing.
Subclass:
84
Breath tester:
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus
having means for testing breath.
Subclass:
85
Based on color change:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus
wherein the analytical measurement is based on a color
change.
Subclass:
86
Including means reacting gas with color indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus
having means for reacting the gas with a color indicator.
Subclass:
87
Strip indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus in
the form of a strip.
Subclass:
88
Including means for adsorbing or absorbing gas into or onto
liquid or solid media:
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus
having means for absorbing or adsorbing the gas sample or
that portion to be tested into or onto liquid or solid
media.
Subclass:
89
Gas chromatography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus
wherein the analytical device is a gas chromatos:graphic
system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 23.35 for gas
chromatos:graphic apparatus not involving chemical reaction.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 101 for chromatography type
apparatus for gas separation.
Subclass:
90
With conductiometric detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus
having a conductiometric detector for analyzing the gas
sample.
Subclass:
91
With photometric detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus
having a photoelectric detector for analyzing the sorbed gas
sample.
Subclass:
92
With volumetric detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus
having means for making volumetric measurements following the
sorption of the gas.
Subclass:
93
Including means dividing sample stream into plural parallel
segments having diverse treating means and the analytical
result compared or combined:
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus
having means for dividing a gas stream into multiple,
parallel segments having diverse treating means therefor and
means uniting or comparing the analytical results obtained
therefrom.
Subclass:
94
Combustible gas detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus for
determining the presence or concentration of flammable
material in a gas sample, including means for combusting the
gas sample and means to detect the presence of, or extent of,
the combustion.
Subclass:
95
With thermoelectric detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Apparatus
including a temperature detecting means of the thermistor
type, etc.
Subclass:
96
Wheatstone bridge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Apparatus
having a resistance bridge circuit as a part thereof.
Subclass:
97
With specific coating on bridge element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Apparatus
having a named material coating, usually a catalyst, on a
bridge element.
Subclass:
98
Analysis based on electrical measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus
wherein the sample is analyzed by measuring an electrical
property thereof.
Subclass:
99
Miscellaneous laboratory apparatus and elements, per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus
specifically designed for use in a laboratory.
Subclass:
100
Pipette or other volumetric fluid transfer means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Apparatus
having means for volumetrically transferring a fluid.
Subclass:
101
Including means for separating a constituent; e.g., filter,
condenser, extractor, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Apparatus
having means for separating a constituent by filtration,
condensation, extraction, etc.
Subclass:
102
Container:
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Apparatus
having means for holding material.
Subclass:
103
Valve or connector structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Apparatus
having valve or connector structure or this structure, per
se.
Subclass:
104
Holder, support, housing, or hood:
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Apparatus for
supporting, maintaining in a desired relationship with other
structure, or surrounding other laboratory structures.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
211, Supports: Racks, for structures designed to support
articles.
Subclass:
105
CONTROL ELEMENT RESPONSIVE TO A SENSED OPERATING CONDITION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having means for automatically modifying an
operation of the system in response to a means sensing an
operating condition or change of the same; e.g., automatic
shutdown of the reactor responsive to excessive temperature,
pressure, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, 202 for
non-coating apparatus combined with control element
responsive to a sensed operating condition and with means for
growing therein-defined single-crystal of all types of
materials, including inorganic or organic.
Subclass:
106
Responsive to liquid level:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus
having a control element responsive to a sensed liquid
level.
Subclass:
107
Control element directly mechanically linked to separate
sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus
wherein the control element is mechanically linked directly
to a separate sensor.
Subclass:
108
Control element responds proportionally to variable signal
from a sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus
wherein the control element responds proportionally to a
variable signal from a sensor.
Subclass:
109
Controls heat transfer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus
wherein the control element regulates the degree of heat
transfer in the system.
Subclass:
110
Controls flow rate of a material to or from a contact zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus
wherein the control element regulates the flow rate of
material into or out of a contact zone.
Subclass:
111
Material is an input to contact zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus
wherein the control element regulates the flow rate of
material into the contact zone.
Subclass:
112
Control element is fluid pressure sensitive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus
wherein the control element is responsive to fluid pressure.
Subclass:
113
Pressure-relief valve (e.g., pop-off valve) or check valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Apparatus
wherein the fluid pressure sensitive control element is a
pressure-relief valve; i.e., pop-off valve, or check valve.
Subclass:
114
Control element is a binary responsive valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus
wherein the control element is a binary responsive valve;
i.e., a valve having but two operation positions; e.g., open
and closed, etc.
Subclass:
115
Valve diverts flow from a contact zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Apparatus
wherein the operation control is that of bypassing the
reaction zone.
Subclass:
116
Sensed condition is operating time and control is operation
sequencer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus
wherein the sensed operating condition is the passage of
operating time and the control element is an operation
sequencer.
Subclass:
117
WITH SAFETY FEATURE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having special means for protecting the operator or
the environmental area surrounding the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 for apparatus having pop-off valves.
Subclass:
118
Preventing opening of closure of pressurized apparatus at
unsafe pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus
wherein the safety feature prevents the opening of a movable
or removable closure of the apparatus when the apparatus is
at such pressure that the opening of the closure is an unsafe
act.
Subclass:
119
WITH INDICATING, SIGNALLING, RECORDING, SAMPLING, OR
INSPECTION MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having an indicator, signal, recorder, or
inspection means.
Subclass:
120
FOR DEODORIZING OF, OR CHEMICAL PURIFICATION OF, OR
GENERATION OF, LIFE-SUSTAINING ENVIRONMENTAL GAS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus for (a) taking the odor out or masking the odor of,
or (b) chemical purification of a life-sustaining
environmental gas (for breathing) or the chemical generation
of the same.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
168 for waste gas purifier which usually releases the gas to
the atmosphere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, subclass 202.26 for inhaling devices having
means to regenerate the exhaled air so that it can be
breathed again from the same device.
Subclass:
121
With means exposing gas to electromagnetic wave energy or
corpuscular radiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Apparatus
having means for exposing the gas to electromagnetic wave
energy (other than ordinary visible light) or corpuscular
radiation; e.g., radioactive particles, etc.
Subclass:
122
Including solid, extended surface, fluid contact reaction
means (e.g., Raschig rings, particulate or monolithic
catalyst, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Apparatus
having an extended surface contact reaction means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177 190+, and 211+, for this structure in a waste gas
purifier, in plural stages, and a single stage,
respectively.
Subclass:
123
Including means adding material into environmental gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Apparatus
having means for dispensing or injecting material into the
gas.
Subclass:
124
And mechanical means creating forced draft at addition site:
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Apparatus
having a mechanical means forcing an air current at the site
wherein the material is introduced into the apparatus.
Subclass:
125
With material-heating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Apparatus
having means to increase the temperature of the material.
Subclass:
126
Material is combusted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Apparatus
wherein the material is burned.
Subclass:
127
SHOCK OR SOUND WAVE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having means for creating sonic energy which is
used to initiate or perfect a process. Included herein is
apparatus for destroying organisms by the sudden release of
high pressure.
Subclass:
128
Including supersonic or ultrasonic energy generation means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Apparatus
wherein the energy produced travels faster than the speed of
sound or it is ultrasonic; i.e., sound waves having
frequencies on the order of or greater than 20,000 cps.
Subclass:
129
CHEMICAL REACTOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus for the formation of a product by chemical reaction
not otherwise provided for.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
105 for apparatus having means for automatically modifying
an operation of the system in response to a means sensing an
operating condition or change of the same; e.g., automatic
shutdown of the reactor responsive to excessive temperature,
pressure, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for chemical manufacturing apparatus
not elsewhere provided for producing articles of manufacture,
and see especially subclass 345 for differential etching
apparatus.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for
apparatus for treating mineral oils. Catalytic apparatus,
even though employed for carrying out a catalytic-cracking
process provided for in Class 208, Mineral Oils: Processes
and Products, is classified in this class (422).
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 193 for
apparatus employed in carrying out a process provided for in
that class, which apparatus is not provided for in any other
class.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 255 for apparatus for testing
earth material samples involving, and in name only, chemical
or physical separation and an invisible radiation test of the
separated material; subclass 281 for ionic separation or
analysis apparatus; subclasses 306+ for the inspection of
solids or liquids by charged particles and the detection of
the particles modified by the solids or liquids; subclasses
336.1+ for apparatus for analyzing material.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for organic compounds and
process of manufacturing the same.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, 40 and 44+
(particularly subclass 47) for a coating implement by means
of which diverse materials are applied to a work surface.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for inorganic compound
and nonmetallic elements and processes for their manufacture
involving chemical reaction.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 283.1
for apparatus for propagating, treating, or containing living
organisms or for fermenting.
Subclass:
129.1
Soap making:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
specifically designed for effecting a saponification
reaction, i.e., conversion of a higher fatty ester or a
natural resin ester into an alcohol and a salt by reacting an
alkali with the ester.
Subclass:
130
Bench scale:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
which is smaller than a pilot reactor and larger than a
laboratory apparatus.
Subclass:
131
Organic polymerization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for
the chemical production of organic polymers.
Subclass:
132
Closed loop:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus
wherein the reactor is of the closed-loop type; i.e., one
wherein substantially all of the reaction mass is
continuously recycled during operation.
Subclass:
133
Generating foamed plastic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus
wherein reactor is designed for the production of a foamed
plastic or polymer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, 162.4 for a mixing apparatus that introduces
materials into a mixing chamber in colliding jets, which
materials may be disclosed as reactants for forming plastic
foam.
Subclass:
134
Including plural sequential reaction stages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus
having multiple, serially disposed reaction stages and means
for subjecting the reaction mass successively to each of the
stages.
Subclass:
135
Including reactant agitating means in reaction chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus
having means located within the reaction chamber for mixing
the reaction mass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
224 for apparatus having internal mixing or stirring means,
and see the search notes thereunder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, 162.4 for a mixing apparatus that introduces
materials into a mixing chamber in colliding jets, which
materials may be disclosed as reactants.
Subclass:
136
And means rotatably mounting reaction chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Apparatus
having means to rotate the reaction chamber.
Subclass:
137
Horizontal reaction chamber with screw or worm agitator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Apparatus
having a horizontally disposed reaction chamber and a mixing
means in the form of a screw or worm.
Subclass:
138
With heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants located
therein:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus
having means for modifying the ambient temperature disposed
within or surrounding the reaction chamber and in
heat-transfer contact therewith.
Subclass:
139
Fluidized bed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
wherein a bed of fluidizable solid particulate material,
which may be a reactant, catalyst, or inert material, is
disposed in a reaction chamber for the purpose of carrying
out a chemical reaction in the formation of a product and
including means for introducing a fluidizing medium into the
bed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 576 for
similar fluidized bed structure for drying of particulate
material.
Subclass:
140
With liquid present:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus
having a liquid present in the apparatus as either part of
the reaction medium or part of the fluidizing medium.
Subclass:
141
Plural reaction beds:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus
comprising multiple reaction beds.
Subclass:
142
Sequentially arranged:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus
wherein the beds are serially disposed and having means for
sequentially subjecting the reaction stream to multiple
beds.
Subclass:
143
Including specific wind box or particulate matter support
grid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus
wherein the fluidizing medium introducing means includes a
particulate matter support grid or a fluidizing inlet
manifold chamber; i.e., wind box located within the reaction
chamber, either structure being more than nominally recited.
Subclass:
144
Including means to strip reaction mass from, or to
regenerate, the particulate matter (including fluidized bed
regenerators, per se):
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus
having means to remove the reaction mass from or renew the
particulate material.
Subclass:
145
And means providing flow of particulate matter into or out of
reaction chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus
having means for flowing the particulate matter to or from
the reaction chamber.
Subclass:
146
With heat exchange means affecting reaction chamber or
reactants located therein:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus
having means for modifying the ambient temperature disposed
within or surrounding the reaction chamber and in
heat-transfer contact therewith.
Subclass:
147
And means mechanically separating and removing particulate
bed material from fluid effluent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus
having means for mechanically separating and removing the
solid particulate material from the reaction product or
fluidizing stream; e.g., fluidized bed in combination with
upstream filter, cyclone, etc.
Subclass:
148
Ammonia synthesizer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
specifically adapted for the chemical synthesis of ammonia;
e.g., a high pressure, catalytic ammonia synthesis reactor,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, subclass 202.26 for ammonia medicator.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 552 for
electrolytic synthesis of ammonia.
Subclass:
149
With means simultaneously carrying out conjugated reactions
within single reactor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
having means for simultaneously carrying out conjugated;
i.e., sequential reactions within a single reactor; e.g.,
first reaction stage produces an intermediate product which
is fed to a second reaction stage within the reactor wherein
the intermediate product is converted into the final product,
etc.
Subclass:
150
Pigment or carbon black producer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
wherein the reactor is specifically adapted for the chemical
generation of pigmentary product; e.g., TiO[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt] etc., or carbon black.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 173 for
chemical preparation of carbon by using an electrostatic
field or electrical discharge.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 615 for electrolytic
synthesis of carbon or other nonmetal elements and subclass
768 for electrolytic treatment of a solid containing free
carbon.
Subclass:
151
With means injecting quench stream into reaction chamber
downstream of reaction site:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Apparatus
having means for injecting a stream of quench fluid into the
reaction chamber at a location downstream of the reaction
site.
Subclass:
152
With particulate product collecting surface and means
mechanically removing product therefrom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Apparatus
having a collecting surface for collecting the particulate
material product of the reaction and means associated with
the collecting surface for mechanically removing the product
therefrom.
Subclass:
153
Moving collecting surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus
wherein the collecting surface is mounted for movement during
use.
Subclass:
154
Rotary collecting surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Apparatus
wherein the collecting surface is rotatably mounted.
Subclass:
155
Disk or plate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Apparatus
wherein the collecting surface is a rotatably mounted disk or
plate.
Subclass:
156
With plural sequential reaction zones or chambers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Apparatus
having multiple, sequentially arranged reaction zones or
chambers.
Subclass:
157
With movably or removably mounted plug means for converting
reactor from (N) to (N+1) reaction stages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Apparatus
wherein the plural stages are located in (a) a single
reaction chamber or (b) in plural reaction chambers and
includes a movably or removably mounted plug means in a
reaction chamber for selectively converting the same from (N)
to (N+1) reaction zones therein.
Subclass:
158
Vapor phase reaction type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Apparatus
wherein the product is produced by a vapor phase reaction.
Subclass:
159
For radioactive reactant or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for
a radioactive reactant or producing a radioactive product.
Subclass:
160
Inorganic sulfur acid or anhydride producing type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for
producing an inorganic sulfur acid or anhydride thereof.
Subclass:
161
Acid is final product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Apparatus
wherein an acid is produced.
Subclass:
162
Inorganic hydrator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
wherein water is a chemical reactant.
Subclass:
163
Explosives synthesizer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for
producing a product which is an explosive.
Subclass:
164
Solid reactant type (i.e., absence of fluid reactants):
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
specifically designed for nonfluid reactants wherein all of
the reactants are in a nonfluid state (i.e., solid); e.g.,
generation of oxygen from chlorate candles, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, 728.1 for air bag devices, or
accessories therefor, or subcombinations therefor, for use in
land vehicles, which are more than the chemical or physical
reactor per se.
Subclass:
165
Including ignition means for reactant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
having means for kindling the reactant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
431, Combustion, appropriate subclasses for various types of
ignition means.
Subclass:
166
Electrically actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus
wherein the ignition means is electrically actuated.
Subclass:
167
Including reactor cooling means surrounding reactor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
having means for cooling the external surface of the
reactor.
Subclass:
168
Waste gas purifier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for
the modification of a waste gas, prior to its discharge into
the atmosphere, by chemical reaction to reduce the pollutant
content thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for apparatus for purifying life-sustaining gas.
Subclass:
169
Including means providing sequential purification stages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus
having means for subjecting the waste gas to multiple,
succeeding purification stages, at least one being of the
chemical reaction type.
Subclass:
170
Plural chemical reaction stages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus
having multiple chemical reaction stages.
Subclass:
171
Solid, extended surface, fluid contact type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus
wherein the reaction stages contain solid extended surface
fluid contact reaction means (i.e., means providing a
relatively large solid fluid contact surface area within the
reaction zone).
Subclass:
172
And means downstream of a stage for injecting a reactant into
waste gas for interreaction in subsequent stage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus
having means located downstream of a reaction stage for
injecting a reactant into the waste gas stream for reaction
therewith in a subsequent reaction stage (e.g., a catalyst
bed for reducing NOx in the waste gas followed by a catalyst
bed for oxidizing CO in the waste gas, with means for
injecting oxygen into the waste gas, as it passes between the
two catalyst beds).
Subclass:
173
With heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants located
therein:
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus
having means for heating or cooling the reaction chamber or
for heating or cooling the reactants located within the
reaction chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
182 for heat exchange means injecting a combustion fuel into
reaction chamber and burning the same.
Subclass:
174
Electrical type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Apparatus
wherein the heat exchange means includes an electrical
heater.
Subclass:
175
Regenerative heat sink:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Apparatus
wherein the heat-exchange means includes a regenerative
heat-sink means; e.g., a low heat capacity mass which absorbs
heat from the hot waste gas and gives up the heat, upon
reversal of flow, to colder waste gas to preheat the same
upstream of the reaction site, etc.
Subclass:
176
Including waste gas flow distributor upstream of reaction
site and within reaction chamber modifying velocity profile
of gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus
having waste gas flow distribution means upstream of the
purification reaction site and located within the reaction
chamber for the purpose of equalizing or otherwise modifying
the velocity profile of the waste gas at the upstream end of
the reaction site.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
183 for claimed mixing means combined with means injecting
combustion fuel in the reaction chamber. The mixing means may
inherently act as a distribution device.
Subclass:
177
Including solid, extended surface, fluid contact reaction
means; e.g., inert Raschig rings, particulate absorbent,
particulate or monolithic catalyst, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus
including solid extended surface, fluid contact reaction
means; i.e., means providing a relatively large solid contact
surface area within the reaction zone wherein the large
surface area presents multiple reaction sites for contact by
the reaction mixture and, thereby, enhance the rate and/or
the completeness of the purification reaction, including;
e.g., inert Raschig rings, particulate absorbent, etc.
Subclass:
178
And contact regenerating means or means for cleaning an
internal surface of the reaction chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Apparatus
having either (a) means for renewing the spent extended
surface contact means or (b) means for cleaning an internal
surface of the reaction chamber.
Subclass:
179
Fixed bed with resilient or differential thermal expansion
compensating bed support means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Apparatus
wherein the solid extended surface, fluid contact means is in
the form of a relatively fixed bed of contact material and
including means for supporting the contact bed within the
reaction chamber, said support means either itself being
resilient or being resiliently mounted to provide for the
absorption of mechanical shock or to maintain the contact
material within the bed or being specifically designed to
compensate for differences in thermal expansion of components
in the reaction chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 for this structure generally in a chemical reactor.
Subclass:
180
Unitary (i.e., nonparticulate) contact bed (e.g., monolithic
catalyst bed, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Apparatus
wherein the extended surface contact means is in the form of
a unitary (i.e., nonparticulate) contact bed; e.g., a
monolithic honeycomb coated with a catalyst, catalyst-coated
metallic screen, etc.
Subclass:
181
Fixed annularly shaped bed of contact material and means
directing gas therethrough substantially perpendicular to
longitudinal axis of bed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Apparatus
wherein the extended surface contact means is in the form of
a relatively fixed, annularly shaped bed of contact material
and including means for directing the flow of waste gas
through the contact bed in a direction substantially
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the contact bed.
Subclass:
182
Including means injecting combustion fuel into reaction
chamber in direct contact with waste gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus
having means for injecting combustion fuel into the reaction
chamber for direct contact of the fuel itself, or products of
combustion thereof, with the waste gas.
Subclass:
183
And means mixing combustion fuel with waste gas upstream of
reaction site:
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Apparatus
wherein the fuel-injecting means includes means for injecting
the fuel into the waste gas stream and for mixing the fuel
therewith at a location upstream of the reaction site.
Subclass:
184.1
For chemically destroying or disintegrating solid waste,
other than burning alone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for
destroying or breaking up solid waste utilizing a chemical
reaction, other than burning alone.
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to contain an
apparatus related to composting. Such matter is provided for
elsewhere. See Search Note below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, 222 for subject
matter of that class combined with disinfecting means.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, 38 for
apparatus of that class combined with means for applying a
fluid to the material being worked upon.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 290.1
for composting apparatus.
Subclass:
185
For chemical recovery of chemicals from waste paper making
liquor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for
chemically recovering chemicals for waste kraft or black
liquors, e.g., waste liquor from a paper-making process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 232 for paper making
apparatus.
Subclass:
186
With means applying electromagnetic wave energy or
corpuscular radiation to reactants for initiating or
perfecting chemical reaction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
having means for applying electromagnetic wave energy (other
than visible light) or corpuscular radiation; e.g.,
radioactive particles, etc., to the reactants for initiating
or perfecting the reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21 and 22+, for process of using electromagnetic radiation
for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing.
121 for apparatus for deodorizing, chemically purify, or
generating a life sustaining environment (e.g., air, etc.)
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 245 and
266+ for processes and apparatus involving subjecting
material to electrical or selected radiant energy.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclass 1 for
processes of cleaning or liquid contact with solids,
including application of electrical radiant or wave energy to
work.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate
subclasses for process which employ the apparatus of this
subclass (Class 422, 186 ).
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 748 for
processes of that class including the use of electrical or
wave energy directly applied to the material being treated.
219, Electric Heating, 600 for inductive heating, subclasses
678+ for microwave heating, and subclasses 764+ for
capacitive dielectric heating.
373, Industrial Electric heating Furnaces, 18 for plasma or
combination furnaces; and subclasses 60+ for electric use
furnaces.
Subclass:
186.01
Magnetic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Subject matter
including means establishing a magnetic field in which the
chemical reaction takes place.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 155 and
156 for corresponding processes; and subclass 193 for
apparatus establishing a permanent or nonvarying magnetic
field in which the reaction takes place.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 222 for separators
for separating solids from a liquid by magnetic action.
Subclass:
186.02
Object protection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.01. Subject
matter specialized for the protection of objects by the
application of an electromagnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 196.01 for
electrolytic object protection apparatus.
Subclass:
186.03
With electrical discharge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.01. Subject
matter including in addition to the electromagnetic field
means to give an electric discharge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
186.2 for chemical reactor apparatus employing only an arc
or spark discharge means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 156 for
corresponding processes.
Subclass:
186.04
Electrostatic field or electrical discharge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Subject matter
wherein an electrostatic field or electric discharge is
included in the reaction zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
186.3 for apparatus employing an electromagnetic field in
addition to the electric discharge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 15 for electric or
electrostatic field separation apparatus for gas separation
not involving conversion of constituents to other compounds
by chemical reaction.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 164 for
corresponding processes.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, appropriate
subclasses for electrical space discharge devices, including
those for producing arcs or sparks.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, Systems,
appropriate subclasses for systems for supplying electric
energy to electric space discharge devices of the gas vapor
ionization type; especially subclass 111 where the discharge
device includes means to supply a fluent material to the
discharge space.
Subclass:
186.05
Treating surface of solid substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.04. Subject
matter wherein the material being treated is a nonfluent
solid and the treatment involves only the surface of the
solid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 620 for coating apparatus including
means to apply electrical and/or radiant energy to a
workpiece and/or coating material.
427, Coating Processes, 457 for coating processes including
direct application of electric, magnetic, or wave energy to
the workpiece
Subclass:
186.06
Surface is metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.05. Subject
matter wherein the solid is a metal.
(1) Note. Particularly included in this subclass is
apparatus for ion nitriding (or other ion bombardment
treatment) of metal workpieces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for processes of
heat treatment of solid metal to modify or maintain the
internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or
chemical property of metal. Particularly, see subclass 222
for processes of carburizing or nitriding of metal from an
external source of carbon or nitrogen and subclass 239 for a
process of ion implantation of solid metal. Also, see Class
148, subclasses 224, 525, and 565 for other processes which
use electromagnetic wave energy, plasma, electron arcs, or
beams to treat solid metal for purposes of that class.
Subclass:
186.07
Ozonizers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.04. Subject
matter specialized for the production of ozone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, subclass 202.25 for ozone inhalers.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 176 for
corresponding processes.
Subclass:
186.08
With preparatory or product-treating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject
matter including means for the preparatory treatment of the
material fed to the ozonizer, or means to treat the product
thereof.
(1) Note. Combination of an ozonizer and apparatus for the
application of the ozone to material to be sterilized or
otherwise treated are not here included unless not otherwise
provided for in other classes.
Subclass:
186.09
With drying means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.08. Subject
matter in which the treatment means includes means to remove
water or water vapor.
Subclass:
186.1
With filtering or particle removal means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.08. Subject
matter wherein the treatment means includes means to remove
suspended solid or liquid particles.
Subclass:
186.11
With cooling, compression, condensation, or liquefying
means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.08. Subject
matter wherein the treatment means effects a cooling,
compression, condensation, or liquefying of the gas being
treated or the treated gas.
Subclass:
186.12
With subsequent use means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject
matter including means for the application of the ozone to
the object or material to be sterilized or otherwise
treated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 760 for
processes of that class utilizing ozone.
Subclass:
186.13
With electrode moving means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject
matter including means to move one or more of the
electrodes.
Subclass:
186.14
With fluent reactant flow control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject
matter including means to control the direction or amount of
a fluent reactant (e.g., oxygen, containing gas or liquid)
flowing to or through the reaction zone.
(1) Note. Such a means is frequently disclosed as one or
more valves.
Subclass:
186.15
With current control or special electrical supply means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject
matter including means to control the supply of electrical
current to the treatment zone or which includes special
electrical current supply means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous systems for
controlling the current and/or voltage in a single circuit.
Subclass:
186.16
With pulse generating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.15. Subject
matter wherein the voltage, current, frequency, or polarity
of the power supply is changed regularly and deliberately
overtime.
(1) Note. Simple sine wave AC current is not included in
this subclass.
Subclass:
186.18
Cylindrical electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject
matter in which one or more of the electrodes of the ozonizer
is cylindrical.
Subclass:
186.19
With heating or cooling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.18. Subject
matter in which the ozonizer is provided with a heating or
cooling means.
Subclass:
186.2
With heating or cooling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject
matter including means to cool or heat the ozonizer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
186.08 for the combinations of an ozonizer and a preparatory
or subsequent cooling means.
Subclass:
186.21
Arc or spark discharge means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.04. Subject
matter specialized for the formation of the spark or arc type
of electrical discharge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, appropriate
subclasses for electric space discharge devices including
those for producing arcs or sparks.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
appropriate subclasses for electric space discharge devices
of the gas or vapor type; note especially 111.01 where the
discharge device includes means to supply fluent material to
the discharge device.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, 60 for arc
furnaces in general.
Subclass:
186.22
With electrode or reaction space heating or cooling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.21. Subject
matter including means to heat or cool the arc chamber or a
portion thereof or one or more of the electrodes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
186.25 for combinations of arc or spark discharge means with
heating or cooling means for preparatory treatment of the
material fed to the chamber, or of the product produced
thereby.
Subclass:
186.23
With preparatory or product-treating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.21. Subject
matter including in addition to be arc or spark discharge
means, a preparatory treatment means for the materials added
to the arc or spark discharge chamber or means for treatment
of the products from such chamber.
Subclass:
186.24
With nitrogen fixation means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.23. Subject
matter including means for separating nitrogen as nitrogen
compounds from the other components of air.
Subclass:
186.25
With cooling or pressurizing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.23. Subject
matter including means for cooling or increasing the
atmospheric pressure in the arc or spark chamber.
Subclass:
186.26
With electrode moving means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.21. Subject
matter including means to move one or more of the
electrodes.
Subclass:
186.27
With current control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.26. Subject
matter including means to control the electrical current.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous systems for
controlling the current and/or voltage in a single circuit.
Subclass:
186.28
With current control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.21. Subject
matter including means to control the electrical current.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous systems for
controlling the current and/or voltage in a single circuit.
Subclass:
186.29
With RF input means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.04. Subject
matter wherein the chemical reaction occurs under the
influence of a radiant (e.g., microwave) electromagnetic
field or "high frequency" AC current having a frequency
greater that 60 KH.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 600 for inductive heating, subclasses
678+ for microwave heating, and subclasses 764+ for
capacitive dielectric heating.
Subclass:
186.30
With ultraviolet radiation generating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Subject matter
utilizing wave energy in the ultraviolet range.
(1) Note. The ultraviolet portion of the spectrum is
considered to include 4,000-40,000 A deg. or
10[supscrpt]15-1017[end supscrpt] HZ.
Subclass:
187
Combined:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
combined with the subject matter of other class(es) not
specifically provided for in this class.
Subclass:
188
Including plural reaction stages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
comprising multiple reaction means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for plural fluidized reaction beds.
156 for plural pigment or carbon making apparatus.
169 for waste gas purifier having plural stages.
Subclass:
189
And means providing discrete sequential reaction stages,
e.g., train, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Apparatus
having means for subjecting the reaction stream to multiple
separate successive reaction stages.
Subclass:
190
Plural solid, extended surface, fluid contact reaction stages
each containing; e.g., inert Raschig rings, particulate
sorbent, particulate or monolithic catalyst, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Apparatus
including solid extended surface fluid contact reaction
means, i.e., means providing a relatively large solid contact
surface area within the reaction zone wherein large surface
area within the reaction zone wherein large surface area
presents multiple reaction sites for contact by the reaction
mixture and, thereby, enhance the rate and/or the
completeness of the reaction, including; e.g., inert Raschig
rings, particulate absorbent, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177 for this apparatus used in a waste gas purifier.
211 for this structure, per se.
Subclass:
191
Superimposed reaction stages in single reaction chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Apparatus
wherein the reaction stages are located one over the other
and within a single reaction chamber.
Subclass:
192
At least one reaction stage formed of fixed, annularly shaped
bed of contact material and means directing reaction stream
therethrough substantially perpendicular to longitudinal axis
of bed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Apparatus
wherein at least one of the extended surface contact means is
in the form of a relatively fixed, annularly shaped bed of
contact material and including means for directing the flow
of reactants through the contact bed in a direction
substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the
contact bed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
181 for this structure in a waste gas purifier.
Subclass:
193
Reaction stages located within single reaction chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Apparatus
wherein the reaction stages are located in a single confining
means.
Subclass:
194
And means downstream of a stage for internally injecting a
reactant into a reaction stream for interreaction in a
subsequent stage, or injecting an internal quench stream into
reaction stream passing between stages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Apparatus
having means after a reaction stage for injecting either (a)
a reactant into the reaction stream within the reaction
chamber for reaction therewith in a subsequent reaction stage
or (b) a quench stream into the reaction stream within the
reaction chamber as the reaction passes between stages.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
172 for waste gas purifier having plural chemical stages and
means downstream of a stage for injecting a reactant into the
gas for interaction in a subsequent stage.
Subclass:
195
Means within reaction chamber redistributing reaction stream
as it passes between adjacent stages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Apparatus
having means within reaction chamber for redistributing the
reaction stream; i.e., for equalizing or otherwise modifying
the velocity profile of the reaction stream, as it passes
between adjacent reaction stages.
Subclass:
196
Including plural parallel reaction stages with each stage in
form of a reaction tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Apparatus
wherein the reaction stages are formed by parallel (i.e.,
nonsequential) reaction tubes; i.e., reaction zones with
relatively high length-to-diameter ratios.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for parallel passages through a monolithic mass; e.g.,
honeycomb catalyst, etc.
Subclass:
197
Tubular stages in single reaction chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Apparatus
wherein the tubes are located within a single reaction
confining area; e.g., a tube and shell reactor with the
reactant flowing through the tubes.
Subclass:
198
Including heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants
located therein:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
having means for heating or cooling the reaction chamber or
the reaction mass located within the chamber.
(1) Note. Excluded from this and indented subclasses are
heat-exchange means which generate a direct contact
heat-exchange medium in situ (e.g., a fuel gas burner wherein
the flame is produced within the reaction chamber, a catalyst
bed used to generate heat via the maintenance of an
autothermic reaction, etc.).
Subclass:
199
Electrical type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus
having an electrical heating means.
Subclass:
200
Indirect heat-exchange tube within reaction chamber with a
nonreactant heat-exchange fluid passing therethrough:
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus
comprising an indirect heat-exchange means located within the
reaction chamber and being in the form of a tube having
nonreactant heat-exchange fluid pass therethrough, (e.g., a
steam coil in the reaction chamber mass, etc.).
Subclass:
201
Tube and shell type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus in
the form of a shell having inlet and outlet manifolds with
plural tubes connected therebetween.
Subclass:
202
Heat-exchange jacket surrounding reaction chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus
wherein the heat exchanger is in the form of a heat-exchange
jacket surrounding at least a portion of the exterior of the
reaction chamber.
Subclass:
203
Including fluid-transfer means connecting chamber to
heat-exchange jacket:
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Apparatus
having fluid-transfer means connecting the reaction chamber
and the heat-exchange jacket whereby reactants or products
from the reaction chamber are used as a heat-transfer
medium.
Subclass:
204
Means associated with jacket providing combustion gas as
heat-exchange medium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Apparatus
comprising means associated with the jacket using a
combustion gas as the heat-exchange medium within the
jacket.
Subclass:
205
Including baffle or stirring means disposed within jacket or
chamber, the baffle means within chamber connected directly
to wall thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Apparatus
comprising baffle or stirring means located within the
heat-exchange jacket or the reaction chamber wherein the
baffle means located within the chamber are attached directly
to the wall of the chamber.
Subclass:
206
Regenerative heat sink:
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus
wherein the heat-exchanger includes a regenerative heat-sink
means; e.g., a low heat capacity mass which adsorbs heat from
hot reaction products and gives up heat to colder reactants
to preheat them, etc.
Subclass:
207
Means injecting internal quench stream into reaction stream
downstream of reaction stage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus
wherein the heat exchanger includes means located within the
reaction chamber for injecting a quench stream into the
reaction stream at a location downstream of the reaction
stage.
Subclass:
208
Apparatus operates at positive pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus
wherein the apparatus operates a pressure above that of the
ambient environment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 for positive pressure reactor, per se.
295 for physical type positive pressure reactor.
Subclass:
209
Including means rotating reaction chamber during use:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
having means for revolving the reaction chamber during use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
270 for a rotating container in a liquid-solid contact
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, 219 for agitating by use of a rotating
receptacle.
432, Heating, 103 for a tumbler rotary-drum furnace.
Subclass:
210
And means wiping or scraping interior surface of reaction
chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus
having means contacting the inner surface of the reactor for
removing material from the surface as a result of the
contact.
Subclass:
211
Including solid, extended surface, fluid contact reaction
means; e.g., inert Raschig rings, particulate absorbent,
particulate or monolithic catalyst, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
including solid extended surface fluid contact reaction
means, i.e., means providing a relatively large solid contact
surface area within the reaction zone wherein large surface
area presents multiple reaction sites for contact by the
reaction mixture and, thereby, enhance the rate and/or the
completeness of the reaction, including; e.g., inert Raschig
rings, particulate absorbent, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for subject of this subclass for use in a
life-sustaining gas treating apparatus.
171 for plural and 177 for single structures of this type
used in a waste gas purifier.
190 for plural structures of this type.
Subclass:
212
With means removing and recovering product from extended
surface contact material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus
having means for removing and reclaiming product material
from the extended surface contact material.
Subclass:
213
Particulate contact material type and means providing flow of
particulate material into or out of reaction chamber with
reactants or products:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus
wherein the solid extended surface contact means is
particulate material and the apparatus has means for flowing
the material into or out of the reaction chamber along with
reactants or products, respectively.
Subclass:
214
Transfer line type reaction chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus
wherein the reaction chamber is in the form of a transfer
line reactor; i.e., a relative narrow reaction chamber having
a relatively high length-to-diameter ratio and means to flow
the particulate contact material out of the reaction chamber
with the reaction product stream.
Subclass:
215
And internal mixing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus
having means within the reaction chamber for maintaining the
mixture of the material and reaction medium in a mixed or
agitated state.
Subclass:
216
Compact bed of particulate, fluid contact material and means
providing gravity flow of material within bed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus
wherein the extended surface, fluid contact material is in
the form of a compact bed of particulate material and having
means providing flow of the material by gravity inside the
bed.
Subclass:
217
And means upstream of extended surface, fluid contact means
removing particulate impurities from reactant stream:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus
having means located before the contact means for taking
particulate impurities from the reactant feed stream.
Subclass:
218
Fixed annularly shaped bed of contact material and means
directing reactant therethrough substantially perpendicular
to longitudinal axis of bed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus
having a fixed annularly shaped bed of contact material and
means directing the flow of the reaction stream through the
bed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
the contact bed.
Subclass:
219
And means loading contact material into, or unloading contact
material from, reactor or means providing internal contact
material reservoir:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus
having means for either (a) loading the solid fluid contact
material into the reaction chamber, (b) unloading the same
from the reaction chamber, or (c) providing a contact
material reservoir within the reaction chamber.
Subclass:
220
And reactant flow distributor upstream of contact means and
within reaction chamber modifying velocity profile of
reactant flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus
having reactant flow distributing means located within the
reaction chamber and before the contact means for equalizing
or otherwise modifying the velocity profile of the reactant
stream at upstream contact face of the contact means.
Subclass:
221
Fixed contact bed type with resilient or differential thermal
expansion compensating bed support means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus
wherein the solid extended surface, fluid contact means is in
the form of a relatively fixed bed of contact material and
including means for supporting the contact bed within the
reaction chamber, said support means either itself being
resilient or being resiliently mounted to provide for the
absorption of mechanical shock or to maintain the contact
material within the bed or being specifically designed to
compensate for differences in thermal expansion of components
in the reaction chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179 for this structure in a waste gas purifier.
Subclass:
222
Unitary (i.e., nonparticulate) contact bed (e.g., monolithic
catalyst bed, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus
wherein the extended surface contact means is in the form of
a unitary (i.e., nonparticulate) contact bed (e.g., a
monolithic honeycomb coated with a catalyst, catalyst coated
metallic screen, etc.)
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
180 for this structure in a waste gas purifier.
Subclass:
223
With contact material regenerating means, per se, or combined
with reactor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus
having means for renewing the contact material, the means
being recited either, per se, or in combination with a
chemical reactor utilizing the contact material.
Subclass:
224
Including internal mixing or stirring means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
having means located within the reaction chamber for mixing
or stirring the reaction mass therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 for agitating means in an organic polymerization
reactor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, appropriate subclasses for agitators
consisting of a receptacle and stirrer.
Subclass:
225
Mechanical type stirring means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus
wherein the mixing and stirring means includes a
mechanical-type stirrer.
Subclass:
226
In positive pressure reactor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus
wherein pressure is maintained greater than the ambient
pressure.
Subclass:
227
Including a draft tube for internal recirculation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus
including a draft tube (i.e., a longitudinally extending
tubular means open at both ends thereof) located within the
reaction chamber and providing, in combination with the
stirring means, fluid recirculation within the reaction
chamber via fluid movement through the tube.
Subclass:
228
Including flow directing baffle attached directly to reaction
chamber wall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus
wherein the stirring means includes a flow directing baffle
directly attached to the reaction chamber wall.
Subclass:
229
Longitudinally extending spiral stirring means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus
wherein the stirring means is in the shape of a spiral
extending in a direction parallel to the major axis of the
reaction chamber.
Subclass:
230
Thermosyphon or differential density mixing means; e.g.,
means internally recycling reaction mass via differential
density pumping, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus
having thermosyphon or differential density type mixing
means; e.g., means internally recycling the reaction mass via
differential density pumping through a draft tube, etc.
Subclass:
231
Gas sparger type mixing means submerged in liquid reactant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Apparatus
wherein a gas sparger type mixing means is submerged in a
liquid reactant.
Subclass:
232
Including solid reactant and means charging solids into, or
discharging solids from, reaction chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
wherein the reactants include a solid particulate material
and means for charging the solids to, or discharging the same
from, the reaction chamber.
Subclass:
233
Having both charge and discharge means along with means
conveying solids therebetween located within reaction
chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
having means for conveying the solids into, through, and out
of the reaction chamber.
Subclass:
234
Including external recycle loop:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
having means located outside of the reaction chamber for
recycling at least a portion of the product stream or
reaction mass to the reaction chamber.
Subclass:
235
And means heating or cooling loop or reaction mass located
therein:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus
having means for changing the temperature of the reaction
mass within the external recycle loop.
Subclass:
236
Including means separating reaction chamber into plural
reactant-containing compartments and means moving reactant
therebetween:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
having means dividing the reaction chamber into plural
distinct reactant-containing compartments and means for
transporting the reactants, or permitting such transportation
of the reactants, between the compartments.
Subclass:
237
Movably mounted container-type separating means and means
moving same:
This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Apparatus
wherein the separating means includes a movably mounted
container having means for moving the same.
Subclass:
238
Solid reactant containing perforated or porous container-type
separating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Apparatus
wherein one reactant is a solid material and the separating
means includes a perforated or porous container for
containing the reactant.
Subclass:
239
Reaction chamber includes at least one perforated, porous, or
semipermeable wall and is adapted for holding solid
reactant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
wherein the reaction chamber comprises at least one
perforated or porous wall and is designed for holding a solid
reactant.
Subclass:
240
Including specific material of construction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
wherein specific materials of construction for the reactor or
components thereof are recited.
Subclass:
241
Reactor liner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Apparatus
having a liner of a specified material of construction for
the reactor chamber.
Subclass:
242
Positive pressure type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus
having means for operating the same above the ambient
pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for apparatus having heat exchanger operating at a
positive pressure.
226 for positive pressure apparatus with mixing means.
295 for physical type positive pressure reactor.
Subclass:
243
PHYSICAL TYPE APPARATUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus for carrying out a physical process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
105 for apparatus having means for automatically modifying
an operation of the system in response to a means sensing an
operating condition or change of the same; e.g., automatic
shutdown of the reactor responsive to excessive temperature,
pressure, etc.
Subclass:
244
Including serially disposed vaporizing heating means
(sublimer) and solid material deposition means maintained at
a temperature lower than said heating means (condenser):
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus
having serially arranged vaporizing heating means and solid
material depositing means being maintained at a temperature
lower than the heating means.
Subclass:
245.1
Crystallizer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Non-coating
apparatus for producing non-metal, non-glass crystalline
material, with no clear intent to provide a shaped article,
and with no intent to grow single-crystal.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for the apparatus which
operates to crystallize by only a physical (i.e., not
chemical) reaction.
(2) Note. Apparatus which involve removing heat to solidify
a material are generally provided for elsewhere, for example
in Class 62.
(3) Note. Apparatus for coating or molding are generally
provided for elsewhere, for example in Classes 117, 118, 164,
249, or 425.
(4) Note. Apparatus which involve evaporating which causes
crystallizing or precipitating, and involves no significant
chemical change, are generally provided for in Class 159.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
105 for non-coating crystallizing apparatus which further
includes a means for automatically modifying an operation
thereof in response to a means sensing an operating condition
or a change of the same.
129 for non-coating crystallization apparatus which includes
means for a chemical reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, for apparatus peculiar to removing heat
from a substance and apparatus peculiar to handling the
resultant product, especially 123 for apparatus having means
to separate a constituent of a liquid mixture by cooling it
and subclasses 317+ for apparatus having a filter or
gravitational separator for the fluid cooled by refrigeration
means.
65, Glass Manufacturing, for apparatus making glass,
especially 187 and 193+ for means for pulling glass from a
melt.
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, 200 for processes
and non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined
single-crystal of all types of materials, including inorganic
or organic.
118, Coating Apparatus, for apparatus for applying or
obtaining a surface coating on a base, where it is not
provided for in another class. See the Class 118 definition
for guidance in the placement of coating apparatus art.
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, 15 and 17+ for
apparatus for crystallizing or treating crystals of
class-defined materials.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, for apparatus for
evaporating, including those which cause crystallization,
absent defined vapor recovery means (except energy recovery),
and absent significant chemical changes.
164, Metal Founding, 139 for apparatus for molding
non-semiconductor metal.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 14.5 for apparatus to
separate wax which may include chilling to solidify.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, for apparatus for
crystallizing where the primary intent is a Class 210 defined
purpose. Since references are placed according to disclosed
intent, cross-referencing is required where secondary intent
is disclosed or evident.
249, Static Molds, appropriate subclasses for a static mold
of fluent material not combined with a diverse art device.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 6 for apparatus for making non-metal, non-glass
powders, which may be crystalline, from liquid by means
dividing or comminuting and allowing the liquid to solidify
while in particulate form of a desired size or shape but with
no shaping surface; subclass 77 for ultra-high-pressure
generating apparatus; and appropriate subclasses for dynamic
molding apparatus for other than metal or glass.
Subclass:
250.1
Crucible-free zone refiner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245.1. Apparatus
having a refining zone which is free of contact with a solid
shaping surface such as a crucible (wall).
Subclass:
251
Including means separating and conveying crystals to a
melting zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245.1. Apparatus
having means for separating and transporting crystals to the
melting zone.
Subclass:
252
Hydraulic classifier with crystallizer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245.1. Apparatus
having hydraulic means to maintain a suspension for
classification of crystals within the apparatus.
Subclass:
253
Including feed compartment for introducing nutrient:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245.1. Apparatus
having a feed section within crystallizer vessel for
introducing a solute (per se, or in solution) during
crystallization.
Subclass:
254
Movable crystallizer or scraping means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245.1. Apparatus
having a movable crystallizer or scraping means acting on the
wall of the crystallizer.
Subclass:
255
Means separating or dissolving a material constituent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus
having means to segregate or liquefy at least one component
of the matter being treated.
(1) Note. The apparatus classified here carries out a
process which generally leaves an insoluble residue.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, has drying
processes and apparatus which remove extraneous liquids from
solids even though there is subsequent condensation or
recovery of vapors and also drying processes and apparatus in
which solids are contacted with liquids to promote drying.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for
processes using nonmetallic material which is liquid under
standard conditions.
100, Presses, subclass 90 for devices for pressing combined
with means for separating materials.
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, 3 for apparatus for
leaching or dissolving sacchariferous material in the
manufacture of sugar, starch, or carbohydrates.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclass 43 is
the generic place for apparatus for contacting a solid with a
liquid. See the definition and notes to that class.
202, Distillation: Apparatus, subclasses 168-170 for
leaching or extracting apparatus combined with distillation
apparatus.
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass .5 for infusion
receptacles or packages.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, 155 for
fluid suspension in a liquid; and subclasses 423 to 465 for
stratification involving liquid treatment which may include
treatment of the solids with a liquid.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 177 and 198.1+ for
apparatus for liquid purification or separation which
involves the addition of a treating liquid.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 310 for
dissolvers and mixers combined with a fluid discharging
element.
252, Compositions, 625 for radioactive compositions and
methods of making them involving a mere blending of
materials.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 101 for apparatus for
metallurgical leaching and precipitating; subclasses 161+ and
168+ for extracting metal apparatus.
366, Agitating, for processes and apparatus for mere
agitation of a solid in a liquid.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, 40 and 44+ for
a coating implement having diverse materials which are mixed
therein prior to application to a work surface.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, 77 for food infusion type containers, per se, or
containing edible material.
Subclass:
256
Liquid-liquid contact means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Apparatus
comprising liquid-liquid contact means for removing a
constituent from a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses,
especially subclass 14.52 for apparatus limited to the
extraction of mineral oils.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 198.1 for apparatus
for purifying liquid with means to add a treating material.
Subclass:
257
Including pulsator, adjustable plates, or plural inlets;
e.g., spraying, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus
having pulsating means or adjustable plates or plural orifice
inlets for the same liquid.
Subclass:
258
Including rotating chamber or rotating member within chamber;
e.g., mixer-settler, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus
having a rotatable containing means or a rotating means
within the containing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
494, Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, subclass 22,
for a separator of that class and the introduction thereto of
differing weight fluids for counter current flow therein.
Subclass:
259
Having rotating member within chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Apparatus
wherein the rotating means is located within the containing
means.
Subclass:
260
Including heating and cooling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus
having means for both elevating and lowering the temperature
of the material being treated.
Subclass:
261
Liquid-solid contact means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Apparatus
having means for liquid-contacting a solid or vice versa.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, 43 for the
generic place for apparatus for contacting a solid with a
liquid. See the definition and notes to that class.
Subclass:
262
Sulfur extraction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus for
the liquid extraction of sulfur from a solid material.
Subclass:
263
Including monolithic nonporous body of solute:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having the solid material in the form of a substantially
nonporous body of solute, thereby restricting the
liquid-solid contact to the outer surface of the body.
(1) Note. This subclass does not preclude the existence of a
flow conducting bore through the solute body to increase the
"outer" surface contact area.
Subclass:
264
Including means restricting solvent contact to one end of
body of solute:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having means restricting the liquid or solvent contact with a
body of solute to substantially one end thereof.
Subclass:
265
Buoyant holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having solute-containing holder constructed to float on a
liquid.
Subclass:
266
Manual or mountable holder; e.g., soap holder, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having a material holder that includes a handle or similar
structure, or it is readily connectable to a structure.
Subclass:
267
Including means to remove solids from a filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having means for removing solids from a filter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification, or Separation, subclass 396 for
scraper for cleaning a filter.
Subclass:
268
Conveyor support for solid material during contact; e.g.,
bucket, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having a support means for conveying the material.
Subclass:
269
Including rotating member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having rotatable means.
Subclass:
270
Member is container:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Apparatus
wherein the rotating means is a receptacle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, 219 for agitating by a rotating receptacle.
Subclass:
271
Including internal rotating member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Apparatus
having a rotating means within the container.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, 244 for agitating means comprising a
receptacle and an internal rotating stirrer.
Subclass:
272
Partitions divide container:
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Apparatus
where means are provided to separate the container into
sections.
Subclass:
273
Member conveys material into and out of container; e.g.,
screw propeller, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Apparatus
wherein the member transports the solid material through the
container.
Subclass:
274
Including perforated member which is nonlinear or inclined
with respect to the major axis of container:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having a perforated member located at an angle other than
parallel with the major axis of the container.
Subclass:
275
Including parallel perforated members perpendicular to, or
parallel to, major axis of container:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having multiple parallel apertured members located
perpendicular to, or parallel to, the major axis of the
container.
Subclass:
276
Side wall of holder perforated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
wherein the side walls of a receptacle are apertured.
Subclass:
277
Perforations of holder form inlet for solvent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Apparatus
where the apertures of the holder form inlet sites of the
solvent.
Subclass:
278
Including plural orifice inlet, or deflector adjacent inlet
for solvent flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having a solvent inlet either with plural orifices or with a
deflector adjacent to the inlet for directing solvent flow.
Subclass:
279
Having inlet submerged within body of a solid solute:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Apparatus
wherein the inlet is submerged within the body of the solid
solute.
Subclass:
280
Solvent vapor condenser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having means to condense the solvent vapor.
Subclass:
281
Means recirculating solvent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having means for conveying the solvent from and returning at
least a part of it to the contact means.
Subclass:
282
Including bypass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having a separate and distinct path through which a portion
or all of the liquid solvent is passed out of contact with
the solid being dissolved.
Subclass:
283
Including dip tube for inlet or outlet of fluid solvent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having a tube inserted in a container at a point above the
normal level of the liquid contained therein and terminating
at a point below the normal liquid level.
Subclass:
284
Internal heater; e.g., steam coil, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus
having heating means located within the same.
Subclass:
285
And heating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Apparatus
having means to elevate the temperature of the apparatus or
its contents.
Subclass:
286
Including mechanical comminuting or conveying means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Apparatus
having mechanical means to subdivide or transport the
material.
Subclass:
287
Within treating vessel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
wherein the mechanical means are located inside of the
treating container.
Subclass:
288
Including means removing vapor from treated material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Apparatus
having means for taking out gaseous matter from the material
being treated.
Subclass:
289
And direct contact heating fluid means within separating or
dissolving chamber vessel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Apparatus
having means for directly contacting a heating fluid with the
material being treated, the means being located within the
chamber in which separation or dissolution occurs.
Subclass:
290
And indirect contact heating fluid means in separating or
dissolving chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Apparatus
having means for indirectly contacting a heating fluid with
the material being treated and being located within the
chamber wherein separation or dissolution occurs.
Subclass:
291
Combined:
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus
combined with subject matter of other class(es) not
specifically provided for in this class.
Subclass:
292
Apparatus for treating solid article or material with fluid
chemical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus for
treating a solid article or material with a "chemical" in a
liquid, gaseous, or vapor state wherein the article or
material is recovered essentially unchanged from the
treatment.
(1) Note. For purposes of this and indented subclasses, a
"chemical" is defined as a substance which has a function
beyond that of another class, per se, e.g., drying, heating,
cleaning, etc. A recitation that a substance disinfects,
sterilizes, deodorizes, or preserves will cause the substance
to be considered a "chemical" unless accompanied by positive
disclosure that the disinfecting, sterilizing, deodorizing,
or preserving is done only by a function provided for
elsewhere; e.g., heating, etc.
(2) Note. Steam is considered a "chemical" also when it
disinfects, sterilizes, deodorizes, or preserves, since steam
so used appears to have a function more than mere heating.
This and indented subclasses contain many patents to steam
sterilizers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for similar processes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, for
processes of destruction (e.g., disinfection, sterilization)
by any means (e.g., heating, chemical action, radiation) of
hazardous or toxic waste to make such waste into an
environmentally safe substance, especially see 215 for
destruction of bio-materials (e.g., sterilization of medical
or dental waste) to render safe for landfill disposal, and
subclass 258 for processes of permanently storing hazardous
or toxic waste per se, such as pathogenic organisms (e.g.,
virus, bacteria, or medical or dental waste).
Subclass:
293
Fluid having simultaneous diverse function:
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Apparatus
wherein the treating fluid performs a simultaneous function
other than disinfecting, sterilizing, deodorizing, or
preserving; e.g., steam sterilizes and condenses to form
distilled water, etc.
Subclass:
294
Including flexible or collapsible treating chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Apparatus
having a treating chamber made of thin, flexible material;
e.g., plastic film.
Subclass:
295
Including pressure treating chamber (above ambient):
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Apparatus
having a compartment for treating the article or material
with the compartment pressure being above normal pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for process of disinfecting or sterilizing using steam.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 323.4 for cereal puffing
apparatus; subclasses 359+ for canned food processors; and
subclasses 403+ for food boilers and fryers.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclasses 19-22 for a cooking
stove having an oven, subclasses 273-275 for a domestic oven,
or subclasses 369-369.3 for a liquid heater having a steaming
chamber for food.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 233 for fiber
digesters (for making paper pulp).
Subclass:
296
Fluid pressure maintains closure or seal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Apparatus
wherein fluid pressure is used to close or seal the apparatus
against the positive pressure therein.
Subclass:
297
And rack, support or handling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Apparatus
having a work holder functioning to hold article or material
in a desired relation within the compartment or to place the
same within, or remove the same from, the compartment.
Subclass:
298
And vaporizer; e.g., boiler, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Apparatus
having means to render the fluid gaseous.
Subclass:
299
Constituting treating chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Apparatus
wherein the vaporizing means is the treating compartment.
Subclass:
300
Including rack, support or handling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Apparatus
having a work holder functioning to hold an article or
material in a desired relation within the apparatus or place
the same within or remove the same from the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
297 for the same subject matter enclosed within a pressure
chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
211, Supports: Racks, for rack type supports.
248, Supports, for supports of a general nature.
Subclass:
301
Apparatus closure operates means immersing article or
material in liquid chemical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Apparatus
including a means closing the apparatus and having means
operatively connected therewith for immersing the article or
the material in the liquid chemical.
Subclass:
302
For treating containers or covers therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Apparatus
designed to support or handle containers or covers for
containers.
Subclass:
303
Container is inverted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Apparatus
wherein the container is supported or handled in an
upside-down position.
Subclass:
304
Including endless conveyer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Apparatus
wherein the support or handling means is a transporter of the
endless type.
Subclass:
305
Including gas generating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus
having means for creating a gas including generating
formaldehyde from a polymer thereof (e.g., paraformaldehyde,
etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for apparatus for generating life-sustaining gas.
129 for apparatus for generating gas using chemical
reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, for apparatus and
processes of generating heating or illuminating gas.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 276 for
generating gas in a beverage by fermentation.
102, Ammunition and Explosives; e.g., subclass 334, 363,
364+, 367+, and 530+ for gas-generating ammunition and
explosives.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, for steam generator, per
se.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, for apparatus
involving carbonation when special arrangements for gas and
liquid contact are claimed.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 283.1
for apparatus that includes means for generating gases by
fermentation, particularly subclass 300.1 with means for
trapping off-gases.
Subclass:
306
Including means for adding a material to a gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus
having means for adding material to the gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for process of adding material to a gas to treat the
same.
28 for process involving the addition of a disinfecting or
sterilizing agent to steam.
123 for apparatus for adding a material to a life-sustaining
gas.
Subclass:
307
Heat treating vessel with heating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus
comprising container means for treating material at an
elevated temperature and means operatively associated with
the container for furnishing the elevated temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 359 for canned food
processors; and subclasses 403+ for food boilers and fryers.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 343.5 for a melting
furnace or subclasses 373.1-390.1 for a liquid heater having
an open-top vessel that may include a lid or have its heating
means submerged under the liquid.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 253 for fiber
digesters (for making paper pulp) combined with a heater.
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclasses for a container
with heat-exchange means.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 385 for electric heater
combined with a container for material to be heated.
Subclass:
308
Including multiple stages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Apparatus
wherein multiple heat-treating means are formed by a single
vessel being divided or plural vessels interconnected.
Subclass:
309
Including comminuting, kneading, or surface-wiping means
interior of vessel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Apparatus
having means within the vessel providing contact and relative
movement between two or more apparatus elements for
comminuting or kneading the material or wiping the surface of
the vessel wall.
Subclass:
310
ELEMENTS OR ADJUNCTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus providing for subcombinations not set out above.
Subclass:
311
Bed support means (e.g., support grid or plate for supporting
particulate bed or contact material, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus
comprising a support means for material.
Subclass:
312
Tube element containing extended surface contact reaction
means (e.g., a tube internally coated or packed with a
catalyst, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus
comprising a tube element containing solid extended surface
contact means.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
DECREASING POLLUTION OR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT:
A cross-reference art collection under subclasses 1 through
43 comprising process of diminishing unclean conditions or
detrimental conditions affecting the environment.
Subclass:
901
POLYMER DISSOLVER:
A cross-reference art collection of apparatus specifically
designed for the dissolution of a polymer.
Subclass:
902
SODIUM CHLORIDE AND POTASSIUM CHLORIDE DISSOLVER:
A cross-reference art collection of apparatus specifically
designed for the dissolution of NaC1 or KC1.
Subclass:
903
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL APPARATUS:
Apparatus for making or containing radioactive material.
Subclass:
904
NITROGEN FIXATION MEANS:
Art collection relevant to subclasses 186+ comprising
documents disclosing the separation of nitrogen as nitrogen
compounds from the other components of air.
Subclass:
905
MISCELLANEOUS LIQUID STERILIZATION MEANS:
Art collection relevant to subclasses 186+ comprising
documents disclosing means for sterilization of miscellaneous
liquids employing electromagnetic wave energy or corpuscular
radiation.
Subclass:
906
PLASMA OR ION GENERATION MEANS:
Art collection relevant to subclasses 186+ comprising
documents disclosing means for generating ions or plasma.
Subclass:
907
CORONA OR GLOW DISCHARGE MEANS:
Art collection relevant to subclasses 186+ comprising
documents disclosing apparatus comprising means to produce a
corona discharge or a glow discharge.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000