U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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Classification Index
Explanation of Data web page.
(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 378
X-RAY OR GAMMA RAY SYSTEMS OR DEVICES
Class Definition:
This is the generic class for apparatus and corresponding
processes involving the generation or use of electromagnetic
radiation within the X-ray spectrum as defined above.
Methods, systems, and elements with specific features
characteristic of X-ray applications are classified herein.
Mere use with or attachment to an X-ray device or recitation
of an undefined X-ray test or analysis is insufficient to
cause classification within this class.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
This class is the result of a reclassification of the X-ray
art which was extracted from several classes, principally
Class 250, Radiant Energy. The subject matter of this class
is, therefore, essentially identical in scope to the X-ray
subject matter formerly found in the more comprehensive Class
250 with the addition of the X-ray source subject matter of
Class 313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices. Selected
disclosures concerning elements "for use in" but not
restricted to X-ray systems were removed from the above
described body of art and placed in more appropriate
classes.
Significantly claimed apparatus external to this class,
claimed in combination with apparatus under the class
definition which is used to monitor, control or otherwise
effect the operation of the external apparatus, is classified
in the class appropriate to that external apparatus.
Nominally claimed apparatus external to this class, claimed
in combination with apparatus under the class definition, is
classified in this class unless provided for in the
appropriate external class.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, appropriate subclasses, particularly 600 and 652+
for beds with body support or positioning means and
subclasses 630+ for patient examination tables.
29, Metal Working, subclass 806 for film or tape cartridge
manufacture.
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 361 for viewers for
X-ray transparencies.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 23.2 for the analysis of
gases; particularly subclass 23.35, for the combination of a
gas chromatography test and a radiation (invisible and
visible) test of the effluent from the test; subclasses
53.01+ for the examination of liquids or a liquid suspension
of solids; subclasses 73+ for moisture content or absorption
characteristics generally; subclass 104 for surface or
cutlery edge testing generally; subclasses 151+ for bore hole
and drilling study tests generally; subclasses 861+ for
volume or rate of flow meters generally; subclasses 290+ for
liquid level or depth gauges; and subclasses 570+ for
ultrasonic testing.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 451 for
apparatus for subjecting foods and beverage to wave, radiant,
and electrical energy.
118, Coating Apparatus, 620 for coating apparatus combined
with means to apply radiant energy to the work.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclass 1 for
processes of cleaning or contacting of solids with liquids
which include the application of radiant energy to the work.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
272.2 and 379.6 for methods and apparatus which include
applying wave energy to work.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 49 and 192
for processes using radiant energy.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 250.1 for means to apply
electrical or wave energy to work.
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 455 for film
receptacles.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 589 for radiant
energy type automatic assorting.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 214 for image intensifiers;
subclasses 306+ for sample bombardment with protons or
electrons which may produce X-rays; subclasses 336.1+ for
radiant energy detectors; subclass 492.2 for generic
irradiation of semiconductor substrates; subclasses 496.1+
for radioactive sources; and subclasses 515.1+ for radiation
shielding.
252, Compositions, subclass 478 for X-ray shield
compositions or contrast agents for inanimate objects.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 405 for direct application of electrical or wave
energy to work.
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, appropriate subclasses for
sheet feeding.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, appropriate
subclasses for electric space discharge devices, per se,
including cathode-ray tubes, electric discharge lamps, liquid
electrode discharge devices, gas or vapor filled discharge
devices and vacuum tubes, and for the electrodes filaments,
fluorescent targets and shields for electric space discharge
devices.
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, subclass 22 for consumable electrode discharge
devices which have means to feed a fluent material (e.g.,
solid particles to the discharge space.)
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, especially
subclass 3 for systems wherein a fluent material is supplied
to the discharge area between the discharge electrodes of the
discharge device.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate
subclasses for motor control devices usable in rotary anode
X-ray tube systems.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for measuring or
testing of electrical properties by the use of radiant
energy.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
109 for light wave communications.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 413.23 for computer analysis or data processing in
radiation detection or treatment systems.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 101
for recorder-reproducers using invisible radiation.
372, Coherent Light Generators, subclass 5 for short
wavelength lasers including X-ray lasers.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 156 for X-rays generated by means of an induced
nuclear reaction, e.g., wherein the internal conversion of an
electron within the nucleus generates soft gamma rays.
396, Photography, 310 for exposure identification means;
subclasses 360+ for cameras using film magazines; and
subclasses 512+ for film casettes.
399, Electrophotography, 9 for diagnostics, subclasses 38+
for controls, subclasses 130+ for image formation, subclasses
168+ for charging, subclasses 177+ for exposure, subclasses
222+ for development, subclasses 297+ for transfer,
subclasses 320+ for fixing, subclasses 343+ for cleaning, and
subclasses 361+ for document handling.
414, Material or Article Handling, 403 for film cassette
unloaders and/or reloaders.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 9.4
for X-ray contrast compositions for use in animate objects.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, subclass 234, 236 and 237+, particularly subclass
240 for processes involving the use of electrical, wave, or
radiant energy in food treatments.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 65, 160 and 457+ for
processes of coating using electrical or wave energy.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclass 5 for radiation masks; and
subclasses 966+ for cross-reference art collections of
disclosures relating to X-ray imagery.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
appropriate subclass for methods of making semiconductor
devices; see the search notes therein.
600, Surgery, 407 for detecting nuclear, electromagnetic, or
ultrasonic radiation in diagnostic testing.
601, Surgery: Kinesitherapy, 15 for apparatus in direct
contact which applies radiation to a human being.
604, Surgery, subclass 20 for the applications of light,
radiation, and electrical energy to the body.
606, Surgery, subclass 130 for stereotactic devices.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
appropriate subclasses for a computer data processing system
for measuring, calibrating, or testing that may include X-ray
subject matter.
GLOSSARY:
DETECTOR
A material or device whose response to X-ray energy is used
to indicate the presence or amount of incident radiation.
GAMMA RAY
In this class the term "gamma ray" is considered to be
synonymous with the term "X-ray". Gamma rays are usually
considered to be produced by some natural phenomenon such as
the decay of an atomic nucleus whereas X-rays are usually
considered to be produced by an electronic tube or other
manufactured device.
INSPECTION OR EXAMINATION
A term implying a source of X-ray energy, and/or means to
irradiate an object by said source and a detector responsive
to X-radiation from the object to provide an indication
representing some characteristic of the object.
OBJECT OR ANALYTE
A material subjected to X-radiation for treatment or whose
response to or effect on the X-radiation is used to indicate
something about the material.
X-RAY
Electromagnetic radiation lying in a range between "cosmic
rays" and "ultraviolet rays". This range is defined as lying
between 0.001 and 100 angstrom units or 10[supscrpt]-11[end
supscrpt] and 10[supscrpt]-6[end supscrpt] centimeters in
wavelength.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
SPECIFIC APPLICATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising an X-ray system including means
which adapts that system to a specific application.
(1) Note. Specific methods are classified in the same
subclass as the corresponding apparatus in this and each of
the following subclasses.
Subclass:
2
Radiation coding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including means to spatially modulate a beam of X-rays prior
to its impinging upon an object or means to spatially
demodulate a modulated beam.
(1) Note. The spatial modulation may be produced by spatial
filtering of an unmodulated beam or by means within the X-ray
source which directly produces a modulated beam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for X-ray zone plates which may be used as modulators or
demodulators.
Subclass:
3
Mossbauer effect:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including systems and devices such as spectrometers employing
the Mossbauer effect, i.e., the absorption or emission of
gamma rays by an atomic nucleus without the nuclear recoil
that usually accompanies such phenomena.
Subclass:
4
Computerized tomography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
employing computer processing of X-ray absorption or
transmission data to produce an image of a cross section of
an object.
(1) Note. Specifically described computer systems or
algorithms which meet the general definition of Class 364 and
do not include significant tomography structure should be
placed in Class 364 in accordance with section II, B of that
class definition.
(2) Note. The devices found herein usually include some
mechanism which allows relative movement between the source
or detector of X-rays and the object being examined. The
tomos:graphic movement is typically produced by holding the
object stationary and moving the X-ray source and the
detector simultaneously in opposite directions about a pivot
point lying in a plane through the object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21 for noncomputerized tomography.
901 for a cross-reference art collection of tomography
programs or processors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 413.23 for algorithms and computer systems used in
tomography.
600, Surgery, 437 for ultrasonic computer tomography.
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, 813 for analog computations of convolution
data.
Subclass:
5
Energy discriminating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
including irradiating an object with X-rays or one or more
specific energy levels and determining transmission or other
characteristics of the object at the one or more energy
levels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for fluorescence composition analysis with spatially
dispersive energy analysis.
82 for spatial energy dispersion analysis.
156 for energy selective filters.
Subclass:
6
Fluorescence or scatter mapping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
including determining the distribution in intensity of X-rays
exiting an object, the X-rays having been deviated in
direction by the object or being the result of secondary
emission from the object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for nontomography fluorescence imaging.
87 for nontomography scatter imaging.
Subclass:
7
Scatter compensating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
including mitigating the effects of primary beam deviation or
spreading from a desired direction usually upon passage
through the object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 for scatter analysis.
154 for antiscatter grids.
Subclass:
8
Object responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
including controlling the tomograph or a part thereof in
response to some condition or characteristic of the object
being studied.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for object responsive control circuits in nontomography
applications.
Subclass:
9
Plural sources:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
including more than one source of X-rays.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
92 for electronic circuits for plural sources.
193 for supports for plural sources.
Subclass:
10
Nonrotating source or detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
wherein the source or detector is stationary or is moved for
purposes other than scanning.
Subclass:
11
Source or detector translation within plane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
including means which causes movement, other than rotational
movement, of the source or detector within the plane of the
cross section of the object being examined.
Subclass:
12
With electronic scanning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter
including means within the source of X-rays which causes
movement of an electron beam across the X-ray target to cause
movement of the beam of X-rays.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 for electronic scanning circuits for X-ray sources.
137 for scanning X-ray tubes, per se.
Subclass:
13
Radial:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter
wherein the source or detector is translated in a direction
essentially parallel to the mean direction of X-ray
propagation.
Subclass:
14
Fan beam translation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter
wherein the beam is in the shape of a planar fan diverging
away from the source.
Subclass:
15
Continuous mechanical rotation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
including means for electrically interfacing the source or
detector in such manner that continuous unidirectional
mechanical rotation can take place without interruption of
the operation of the source or detector.
(1) Note. Slip rings, energy storage within the rotating
structure, and telemetering signals from the rotating to the
stationary structure are typical means used in systems of
this type.
Subclass:
16
Beam energy or intensity control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
including means for controlling beam energy (e.g., voltage,
hardness, wavelength, frequency) or intensity (e.g., flux
density).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 through 112, for regulated X-ray source power supplies.
145 for beam control devices, per se.
Subclass:
17
Tiltable or nonvertical examination plane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
including means which allows the source or detector to be
positioned such that the cross section being imaged is in
some other than the more usual vertical plane.
Subclass:
18
With tissue equivalent material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
including use in the path of the X-rays of a material whose
X-ray absorption characteristics are similar to those of the
object to be examined for purposes such as path length
compensation.
(1) Note. Surrounding a human being with water is one
example of the subject matter found here.
(2) Note. This subclass also includes "examination phantoms"
such as manikins.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
156 for X-ray filters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 505.1 for examination phantoms
in general.
Subclass:
19
Beam detection system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
including detailed structure, technique, or control of
radiation detection in computerized tomos:graphic systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 336.1 for radiation detectors, per se.
Subclass:
20
Object positioning or aligning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
including means for sustaining the object under examination
against gravity in a selected orientation relative to the
X-ray source or detector or means for indicating or
monitoring the position of the object relative to the
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 177, 195, and 208, for object supports.
205 for X-ray system alignment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, appropriate subclasses, particularly 600 and 630+
for beds with body support or positioning means.
269, Work Holders, 322 for patient examination tables.
607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application, 1
for apparatus in direct body contact with supports and
applies radiation to a human being.
Subclass:
21
Tomography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including means which produces an image of a cross section of
an object.
(1) Note. The devices found herein usually include some
mechanism which allows relative movement between the source
or detector of X-rays and the object being examined. In
conventional tomography, the tomos:graphic movement is
typically produced by holding the object stationary and
moving the X-ray source and the recording medium
simultaneously in opposite directions about a pivot point
lying in a plane through the object.
(2) Note. Tomography is commonly referenced in the art by
the equivalent terms laminography, planiography, sectional
radiography.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for computerized tomography.
Subclass:
22
With nonphotos:graphic detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter
including fluoroscopic, electronic, electrostatic or other
such detector which does not require photos:graphic
processing to develop an image.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for nonphotos:graphic detector supports.
Subclass:
23
Dynamic tomography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter
including the production of a set of radiographs which, when
superimposed in a stack for viewing with the radiographs
aligned so that the images of a given point in the object all
coincide, all other points or object details in the same
plane will be revealed in an unobstructed view and images of
all points lying in other planes, even closely adjacent
planes, will be obscured or blurred out.
(1) Note. Other specific planes may be selectively viewed
by appropriate positioning of the radiographs within the
stack.
(2) Note. Dynamic tomography typically utilizes a planar
tomos:graphic movement achieved with the effective pivot
point of the linkage being disposed in a plane through the
object with separate images being recorded for each of
multiple exposures which are made at different angles through
the object, i.e., a different film or other recording medium
is used for each exposure to produce the set of radiographs.
(3) Note. Dynamic tomography is also referenced in the art
as plane slipping tomography, plane slipping laminography,
variable depth laminography, simultaneous multiple
tomography, etc.
Subclass:
24
Transverse tomography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter
wherein the source, object, and detector of X-rays or gamma
rays are arranged in such fashion that the cross section
being imaged is other than the usual longitudinal cross
section.
Subclass:
25
Planar tomography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter
wherein the source is moved in a plane parallel to the object
plane or cross section to be imaged.
Subclass:
26
Linear tomography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein the source is moved along a straight line.
Subclass:
27
Nonplanar tomography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter
wherein the source is moved along a path which is nonplanar,
e.g., spherical or is nonparallel to the object plane or
cross section to be imaged.
Subclass:
28
Xeroradiography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including a detector upon which a latent image in the form of
a pattern of electric charges is produced by action of
x-radiation or gamma radiation.
(1) Note. The detector usually includes (a) a pair of
spaced imaging electrodes defining an imaging gap
therebetween, (b) an image receptor sheet lying within the
gap between the electrodes, (c) an imaging fluid filling the
remaining space between the electrodes, and (d) an enclosing
chamber. By applying a charge across the electrodes and
ionizing the fluid through irradiation, charges will be
removed from or deposited upon the image receptor sheet.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 324 for apparatus for or the method of
corona irradiation to charge the detector without subsequent
altering of the charge.
399, Electrophotography, 9 for diagnostics, subclasses 38+
for controls, subclasses 130+ for image formation, subclasses
168+ for charging, subclasses 177+ for exposure, subclasses
222+ for development, subclasses 297+ for transfer,
subclasses 320+ for fixing, subclasses 343+ for cleaning, and
subclasses 361+ for document handling.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 966 for cross-reference art collections of
disclosures relating to X-ray imagery.
Subclass:
29
With real time display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter
including means for displaying an image of the object under
examination at the time of exposure to radiation in addition
to or instead of the subsequent production of a hard copy
image record.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for X-ray systems including circuits and means for
displaying and signaling.
Subclass:
30
With focused gap field:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter
wherein the electric field between the two imaging electrodes
is focused such that the paths of charged particles traveling
between the electrodes converge at the origin of the imaging
X-rays or gamma rays.
(1) Note. Focusing may be achieved by the use of
cylindrically or spherically curved imaging electrodes.
Subclass:
31
With auxiliary electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter
including one or more additional electrodes within the gap
between the imaging electrodes for purposes such as ion flow
control.
Subclass:
32
With uniform charging of image receptor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter
including means for uniformly charging the image surface of
an image receptor sheet before exposure to X-rays or gamma
rays.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 324 for xeros:graphic charging
devices.
Subclass:
33
With gap fluid handling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter
including means for supplying, removing, sealing, or
recycling imaging fluid employed within the interelectrode
gap of the imaging chamber.
Subclass:
34
Lithography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including the projection of an X-ray image upon an X-ray
sensitive resist usually through a patterned mask.
Subclass:
35
Pattern mask:
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter
restricted to the mask itself which is made up of adjacent
areas of X-ray opaque and X-ray transparent material arranged
in a selected pattern (usually of an electronic circuit) and
used for X-ray lithos:graphic production of plural copies of
the pattern.
(1) Note. Although this subclass is restricted to single
elements, it is placed here in the schedule as an exception
to the general rule of hierarchy since the element described
is used only in the system of the parent subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, subclass 12 for
nonetch function mask involving etching.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclass 5 for pattern masks used in
photo-lithography.
Subclass:
36
Holography or interferometry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including the generation, analysis, or recording of
interference patterns resulting from the interaction of
plural X-ray wavefronts or the making of optical holograms
from conventional radiographs, e.g., stereo radiography, to
permit holos:graphic display of the information.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for conventional stereo radiography.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
1 for optical holography.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 125
for memories including holograms.
Subclass:
37
Mammography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including means for X-ray examination of the female breast.
Subclass:
38
Dental panoramic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including producing an image of a curved dental structure.
(1) Note. An example of the devices found herein is a
device wherein an image of all teeth on upper and/or lower
jaws is formed on a single photos:graphic plate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
168 for dental film supports.
191 for dental fluoroscopic detector supports.
Subclass:
39
Moving source and detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
including moving the source and the detector simultaneously
about an axis generally parallel to the patient's spine.
Subclass:
40
Continuous image:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
wherein the image is formed during one continuous movement of
the source and detector.
(1) Note. The movement of the source and detector is
typically both rotation about an axis and movement of the
axis along a predetermined path.
Subclass:
41
Stereoscopy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including formation of plural related images which, when
properly viewed, exhibit depth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for television display of stereo images.
174 for supports for plural films or plates.
193 for supports for plural sources.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
462 for light type devices for stereoscopically viewing
X-ray stereograms or a stereoscopic record or records and
optical systems for producing a visual record taken from two
different points of view.
Subclass:
42
Fluoroscopy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter
including a fluorescent screen upon which the images are
formed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
190 for fluoroscopes.
Subclass:
43
Telescope or microscope:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including the collection and detection of X-rays from distant
objects (e.g., the stars) or the formation of an image of an
object, which image is substantially larger than the object.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
368 and 399+ for visible light telescope or microscopes.
Subclass:
44
Fluorescence:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including the measurement or analysis of secondary X-rays
resulting from the excitation by primary x-radiation or gamma
radiation of analyte atoms.
(1) Note. Although not specifically include within each of
the following definitions, fluorescence systems usually
include (a) a source of primary X-rays or gamma rays, (b) an
analyte which emits fluorescent X-rays, (c) an analyte holder
or positioning means, and (d) a detector of the fluorescent
X-rays.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for Mossbauer effect devices.
6 for fluorescence or scatter mapping.
143 for sources which produce secondary X-rays.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 589 for radiant
energy type automatic assorting.
250, Radiant Energy, 306 for sample bombardment with protons
or electrons which may produce X-rays and subclasses 253+ for
geological surveying.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 156 for X-rays generated by means of an induced
nuclear reaction, e.g., wherein the internal conversion of an
electron within the nucleus generates soft gamma rays.
Subclass:
45
Composition analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter
including measurement of the chemical composition, quantity
(density), or presence of a specific substance in an
analyte.
(1) Note. The measurement is typically accomplished by
energy analysis of the fluorescent X-rays emitted by the
object under examination. The energy of specific line
emissions uniquely identifies chemical elements and the
intensity of the emission characterizes its quantity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 for absorption composition analysis.
83 and 88, for diffraction, reflection, or scattering
composition analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, appropriate subclasses
for chemical composition analysis.
Subclass:
46
Plural diverse X-ray analyses:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter
including some type of X-ray analysis of the analyte in
addition to fluorescence composition analysis.
Subclass:
47
Fluid analyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter
wherein the composition to be measured is a fluid or is
contained in a fluid.
Subclass:
48
With standardization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter
including comparison of the fluorescent spectra emitted by
the analyte with reference spectra emitted by substances of
known composition.
Subclass:
49
With spatially dispersive energy analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter
including specially separating fluorescent X-rays of
different frequencies prior to determination of the intensity
thereof.
(1) Note. This subclass requires that the origin of the
X-rays being analyzed is an analyte which is excited to
fluorescence by primary X-rays, while the means for spatial
energy dispersion of X-rays of subclass 82 will function
regardless of the manner of production of the X-rays.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for computerized tomography using energy discrimination.
83 for composition analysis by spatial energy dispersion.
156 for energy selective filters.
Subclass:
50
Thickness or density analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter
including measurement of the thickness or density of an
object such as a sheet or coating.
(1) Note. This measurement is typically accomplished by
comparing the attenuation of fluorescent X-rays generated
within the object with the attenuation in a reference object
of known thickness or density.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for absorption type thickness or density analysis.
89 for scattering type thickness or density analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.05 for measuring density
within a borehole.
Subclass:
51
Absorption:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including the measurement or analysis of X-rays that have
passed through an object under examination to determine the
attenuation or other change in X-ray characteristics
resulting from the passage.
(1) Note. Although not specifically included within each of
the following definitions, absorption systems usually
include, (a) a source of X-rays or gamma rays, (b) an object
under examination, (c) an object holder or positioning means,
and (d) a detector of X-rays.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for X-ray absorption involving the Mossbaurer effect.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 589 for radiant
energy type automatic assorting.
Subclass:
52
Fluid level measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter
which includes a body of fluent material, an X-ray or gamma
ray source, and a detector responsive to the source arranged
so that the body of fluent material is located in the
radiation path between the source and detector or the body of
fluent material supports either the source or detector,
wherein the detector produces an output representative of the
height or depth of the body of fluent material and methods
corresponding to the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 290 for liquid level or depth
gauges not using invisible light.
116, Signals and Indicators, 109 and 227+ for mechanical
liquid level indicators.
137, Fluid Handling, 386 for liquid level responsive or
maintaining system.
250, Radiant Energy, 306 for contained fluent material level
signalling where charged particles are used to sense the
level of the material.
340, Communications: Electrical, 612 for fluent or
pulverized material level signalling not using invisible
light.
Subclass:
53
Composition analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter
including measurement of the chemical composition, quantity
(density), or presence of a specific substance in an
analyte.
(1) Note. The measurement is typically accomplished by
energy analysis of the X-ray spectra as absorbed by the
analyte and comparing the absorbed spectra with reference a
spectra from substances of known composition. The energy of
specific line absorptions uniquely identifies chemical
elements and the degree of the absorption characterizes its
quantity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for fluorescence composition analysis.
83 and 88, for diffraction, reflection, or scatter
composition analysis.
Subclass:
54
Thickness or density analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter
including measurement of the thickness or density of an
object such as a sheet or coating.
(1) Note. This measurement is typically accomplished by
analyzing the attenuation of X-rays as a result of their
passage through the object under examination.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 for fluorescence thickness or density analysis.
89 for scatter type thickness or density analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.05 for measuring density
within a borehole.
Subclass:
55
With movable source or detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter
including means to allow movement of the source or detector
to X-rays relative to the object being examined.
Subclass:
56
With standardization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter
including comparison of the attenuation of X-rays passing
through the object under examination with the attentuation
produced by a reference object of known thickness or
density.
Subclass:
57
Inspection of closed container:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter
including examining the contents of a closed container such
as luggage without opening that container.
Subclass:
58
Flaw analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter
including detection and location of a structural defect in an
object under examination by analyzing the pattern of
absorption of X-rays passing through the object in comparison
with pattern of absorption of X-rays passing through a
reference object of known integrity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 for scatter type flaw analysis.
Subclass:
59
Pipe testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter
wherein the object under examination is a pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 220 for
magnetic pipe testing.
Subclass:
60
Pipe crawler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter
including self propelled means of transporting an X-ray or
gamma ray source or detector along the interior of a pipe to
be examined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
198 for mobile X-ray source supports.
Subclass:
61
Tire testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter
wherein the object under examination is a tire.
Subclass:
62
Imaging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter
including forming a visible or latent image of a field of
X-rays that has been modulated by absorption during passage
through an object.
(1) Note. The image may be photos:graphic or electronic in
nature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for fluorescence imaging.
87 for scatter imaging.
163 for size, distance, or location determination within an
examined object relative to reference indices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 478 for X-ray shield
compositions or contrast agents for inanimate objects.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 9.4
for X-ray contrast compositions for use in animate objects.
430, Radiation, Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclass 5 for radiation masks; and
subclasses 966+ for cross-reference art collections of
disclosures relating to X-ray imagery.
Subclass:
63
Combined with non-X-ray imaging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter
including forming an image using visible light, mechanical
impression or other such technique in addition to the image
formed by using X-rays.
Subclass:
64
Irradiating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter
wherein the object to which X-radiation is being applied is
the sole primary receiver of the radiation.
(1) Note. A secondary receiver or detector of radiation
may be included in a system of this subclass for purposes
such as control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Food and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 451 for
apparatus for subjecting foods and beverages to wave,
radiant, and electrical energy.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
272.2 and 379.6 for methods and apparatus which include
applying wave energy to work.
250, Radiant Energy, 492.1 for non-X-ray irradiating.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 405 for direct application of electrical or wave
energy to work.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, subclass 234, 236 and 237+, particularly subclass
240 for processes involving the use of electrical, wave or
radiant energy in food treatments.
Subclass:
65
Therapy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter
wherein the purpose of applying the radiation is treatment or
cure of a disease or other disability.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
604, Surgery, subclass 20 for the applications of light,
radiation, and electrical energy to the body.
607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application, 1
for apparatus in direct body contact which applies radiation
to a human being.
Subclass:
66
Of fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter
wherein the object of irradiation is a fluid or is contained
in a fluid.
Subclass:
67
With tortuous flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter
wherein the fluids travels in a circuitous path during
irradiation that bends, twists, or curves.
Subclass:
68
Including object support or positioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter
including means for sustaining the object of irradiation
against gravity in a selected orientation during
irradiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 and the subclasses noted thereunder, for object support,
positioning, or aligning devices.
Subclass:
69
With object moving:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
including means which causes movement of the supported
object.
Subclass:
70
Diffraction, reflection, or scattering analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including the measurement or sensing of X-rays, the direction
of which have been modified by interaction with an object
under examination.
(1) Note. Although not specifically included within each of
the following definitions, diffraction, reflection, or
scattering systems usually include, (a) source of X-rays or
gamma rays, (b) a diffracting, reflecting, or scattering
object, (c) an object holder or positioning means, and (d) a
detector of diffracted, reflected, or scattered X-rays.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 589 for radiant
energy type automatic assorting.
Subclass:
71
Diffractometry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
providing for the generation and examination or determination
of at least part of the characteristic X-ray diffraction
pattern of an analyte.
(1) Note. Devices under subclass 82 employ diffraction
elements such as crystals and gratings which spatially
disperse X-rays according to their energy. These elements are
not objects or examination as in this subclass but rather are
tools for examining something else since their diffraction
patterns are known.
Subclass:
72
Stress analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Subject matter
including detecting the presence or measuring the extent of
stress within an analyte by analyzing the manner in which its
X-ray diffraction pattern is modified when the X-rays are
incident on a stressed area.
Subclass:
73
Crystallography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Subject matter
wherein the analyte is a crystal.
Subclass:
74
Topography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter
including measuring surface features of a crystal by
analyzing the manner in which X-rays are differentially
diffracted by different areas of the surface of the crystal.
Subclass:
75
Powder technique:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter
wherein the crystal is in pulverized form and is analyzed by
processes such as the Debye-Scherrer method.
Subclass:
76
Back reflection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter
in which the crystal is analyzed by the back reflection
technique.
(1) Note. For a more detailed treatment of the back
reflection technique, see Applied X-rays, by George L. Clark,
McGraw Hill Book Co., 1955.
Subclass:
77
Precession:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter
in which the crystal is analyzed by the precession
technique.
(1) Note. For a more detailed treatment of the precession
technique, see Applied X-rays, by George L. Clark, McGraw
Hill Book Co., 1955.
Subclass:
78
Piezoelectric crystal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter
in which the crystal being analyzed is piezoelectric, i.e.,
becomes electrically polarized when mechanically strained or
mechanically strained when electrically polarized.
Subclass:
79
Analyte support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Subject matter
including detailed structure of the analyte holder or
positioning means.
Subclass:
80
With environmental control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter
including means to alter the pressure, temperature, or
composition of the atmosphere surrounding the analyte.
Subclass:
81
Goniometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter
including means for translating, rotating, or oscillating the
analyte.
Subclass:
82
Spatial energy dispersion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
including means for physically spreading out an X-ray beam
into its various energy components by diffraction, e.g.,
spectrometers and monochromators.
(1) Note. This subclass includes means for spatial energy
separation of X-rays, which means function regardless of the
origin or manner of production of the X-rays.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for computerized tomography using energy discrimination.
49 for spatially dispersive energy analysis of the X-ray
fluorescence of an analyte.
156 for energy selective filters.
Subclass:
83
Composition analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter
including measurement of the chemical composition, quantity
(density), or presence of a specific substance in an
analyte.
(1) Note. This subclass includes means for energy analyzing
X-rays that have interacted with or have been produced by an
analyte such as by scattering or radioactive decay for the
purpose of determining analyte composition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 or fluorescence composition analysis.
53 for absorption composition analysis.
88 for scatter type composition analysis.
Subclass:
84
Monochromator of focusing device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter
including a specific element of its support means for
limiting the energy spectrum of a beam of X-rays to a narrow
band of energies or for converging a beam of X-rays.
(1) Note. The elements of this subclass comprise crystals
and gratings which, by diffraction, spatially disperse X-rays
according to their energy. These elements are not the objects
of examination as in subclass 71 above but rather are tools
for examining something else since their diffraction patterns
are known.
Subclass:
85
With plural dispersing elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Subject matter
comprising plural elements for focusing or energy analyzing
X-rays by diffraction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
157 for plural filters.
Subclass:
86
Scatter analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
including the measurement or analysis of X-rays that have
been modulated in direction by an object under examination.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for scatter compensation in computerized tomography.
Subclass:
87
Imaging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
including forming a visible or latent image of X-rays that
have been modulated in direction by interaction with an
object.
(1) Note. The image may be photos:graphic or electronic in
nature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for computerized tomography fluorescence or scatter
mapping.
44 for fluorescence imaging.
62 for absorption imaging.
Subclass:
88
Composition analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
including measurement of the chemical composition, quantity
(density), or presence of a specific substance in an
analyte.
(1) Note. The measurement is typically accomplished by
deflection analysis of the X-rays modified in direction by
the analyte and comparing the deflection with reference data
from substances of known composition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for fluorescence composition analysis.
53 for absorption composition analysis.
83 for spatial energy dispersion composition analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 253 for geological surveying.
Subclass:
89
Thickness or density analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
including measurement of the thickness or density of an
object such as a sheet or coating.
(1) Note. This measurement is typically accomplished by
comparing the modification in direction of X-rays as a result
of their interaction with an object under examination with
the modification in direction produced by a reference object
of known thickness or density.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 for fluorescence thickness or density analysis.
54 for absorption thickness or density analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.05 for measuring density
within a borehole.
Subclass:
90
Plural diverse X-ray analyses:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter
including some type of X-ray analysis of the analyte in
addition to scatter type thickness or density analysis.
Subclass:
91
ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a combination of electrically
connected devices for powering or controlling and connected
to an X-ray source or detector or displaying an image or
other information developed from the source or detector.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
119 for X-ray sources, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 336.1 for radiant energy detectors, per
se.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for
miscellaneous nonlinear active device circuits.
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for
indicating and display systems in general.
Subclass:
92
For plural X-ray sources:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
in which there are two or more X-ray or gamma ray sources
with circuit portions being provided for one or more of the
sources.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for computerized tomography using plural sources.
193 for supports for plural sources.
Subclass:
93
For electrode movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
wherein the source is an X-ray tube having a movable target
or electrode and at least one part of the circuit is
connected thereto to control or monitor its movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
125 and 135, for X-ray tubes with movable targets or
electrodes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, for motor control
circuits.
Subclass:
94
With movement sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Subject matter
including detection of electrode motion, usually to prevent
energization of the tube until proper speed of the electrode
is attained.
Subclass:
95
Object responsive control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
wherein the circuit controls the source in response to a
sensed condition of the object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for object responsive control circuits used in
computerized tomography.
97 and 108, for dose responsive control circuits.
Subclass:
96
Exposure timer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
wherein the circuit includes means to determine the length of
time that the object is exposed to radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for means for termination of exposure to prevent damage
to the system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 89 for
interval timers, per se.
Subclass:
97
Dose responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter
wherein the means to determine the duration of exposure is
responsive to the amount of radiation being applied to the
object or received by the detector.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for dose controlled X-ray source power supplies.
Subclass:
98
With display or signaling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
wherein an image of the object is displayed electronically or
some condition of the object or of the X-ray system is
indicated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for condition
responsive indicating systems.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 1 for
visual display systems with selective electrical control.
Subclass:
98.11
With image subtraction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.9. Subject
matter wherein the television system includes means for
subtracting one image from another and then displaying the
resultant image so as to, for example, enhance the display of
a particular body part such as a blood vessel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
382, Image Analysis, appropriate subclasses for image
analysis.
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, appropriate subclasses for generic arithmetic
processing and calculating.
Subclass:
98.12
With image subtraction or addition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.2. Subject
matter wherein the television system includes means for
subtracting or adding one image from another and then
displaying the resultant image so as to, for example, enhance
the display of a particular body part such as a blood
vessel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
382, Image Analysis, appropriate subclasses for image
analysis.
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, appropriate subclasses for generic arithmetic
processing and calculating.
Subclass:
98.2
Television:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.1. Subject
matter wherein the display is in the form of a television
image.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for stereoscopic radiography that employs television.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 214 for image intensifier
tubes.
348, Television, appropriate subclasses for non-X-ray
television.
Subclass:
98.3
With visible light optics:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.2. Subject
matter wherein the X-ray television system includes visible
light optical elements between the means for converting the
X-ray image to a visible light image and the means for
converting the visible light image to an electronic video
signal.
(1) Note. These elements may comprise optical cubes, lenses,
mirrors, prisms, optical fibers, filters, diaphragms, or
shutters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
for optical elements.
Subclass:
98.4
With electronic X-ray scatter compensating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.2. Subject
matter wherein the X-ray television system includes
electronic circuit means for modifying the video signal
representative of the X-ray image in accordance with an
electronic signal representative of the X-rays that are
scattered by the imaged object or by its surroundings.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 and 154, for compensating for z-ray scatter in computer
tomograph and for mechanical devices for eliminating
scattered X-rays.
Subclass:
98.5
With auxiliary data video display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.2. Subject
matter wherein the X-ray television system includes means for
displaying on a television monitor information in addition to
the actual X-ray image.
(1) Note. Such information may comprise positional data of
the examined object or the X-ray equipment, exposure
parameters such as X-ray tube voltage and current, the
outline of a body organ or contrast agent bolus, an EKG
waveform or a visible light image of the examined object or
different colors which may represent a time lapse,
composition, or regions of interest.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
162 for nontelevision acquisition or recording of auxiliary
data.
Subclass:
98.6
With electronically scanned X-ray source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.2. Subject
matter wherein the television system includes a source of
X-rays that comprises an electron tube with means to emit a
small diameter X-ray beam that is electronically scanned over
the object to be examined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 and 137, for X-ray tube scanning circuits and for
scanning X-ray tubes.
Subclass:
98.7
With automatic image brightness control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.2. Subject
matter wherein the X-ray television system includes means for
automatically adjust or maintain constant the image
brightness of the video display.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
97 and 108, for control of X-ray dosage.
Subclass:
98.8
With solid-state image detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.2. Subject
matter wherein the X-ray television system includes a
solid-state detector that generates the video image in
response to the X-ray or visible light image.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for solid
detectors.
Subclass:
98.9
With plural X-ray energies:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.2. Subject
matter wherein the television system includes means for
acquiring X-ray images at more than one X-ray energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
156 for energy filtering of X-rays.
Subclass:
101
X-ray source power supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
wherein the circuit includes specific devices such as voltage
regulators, current convertors, and rectifiers which are used
to develop the required voltages and currents for proper
operation of the X-ray or gamma ray source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, 11
and 43+ for plural load power supplies and circuits.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
appropriate subclasses for general purpose power supplies.
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate
subclasses for power conversion systems.
Subclass:
102
Mobile or portable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including means to supply energy to the X-ray or gamma ray
source during irradiation by other than connection to power
mains.
(1) Note. The devices herein are frequently for supplying
power to movable parts of stationary systems.
Subclass:
103
Energy storage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including means such as capacitors and inductors used for
energy storage.
Subclass:
104
With specific rectifier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including a detailed embodiment of means to convert
alternating current to direct current.
Subclass:
105
High frequency:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including means to supply alternating current at a frequency
higher than standard 60 hertz alternating current.
Subclass:
106
With pulse output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including means to supply current in single short bursts or
interrupted at a regular rate.
Subclass:
107
With AC output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including supplying power to a self-rectifying source in the
form of alternating high potential current.
Subclass:
108
Dose regulated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including means to control the power supply in response to
the amount of radiation being applied to or transmitted by an
object.
(1) Note. These circuits require means for measuring the
amount of radiation that is actually incident on the object
or detector.
Subclass:
109
Current regulated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including controlling the amount of current being supplied to
the source.
Subclass:
110
Automatic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
including maintaining constant current or adjusting current
according to a predetermined program without manual control.
Subclass:
111
Voltage regulated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including controlling the level of the voltage being supplied
to the source.
Subclass:
112
Automatic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter
including maintaining constant voltage or adjusting voltage
according to a predetermined program without manual control.
Subclass:
113
Electron beam control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including supplying appropriate voltages and current to a
source to control the focus or intensity or to cause scanning
or deflection of the X-ray producing electron beam therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for tomography systems which include electronic
scanning.
137 for X-ray tubes, per se, which include electron scanning
or deflecting means.
138 for X-ray tubes, per se, which include electron focusing
or intensity control means.
146 and 193, for mechanical X-ray scanning.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 364 for
non-X-ray cathode-ray tube deflection circuits.
Subclass:
114
With switching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
wherein the circuit includes a detailed embodiment of a
switching circuit for controlling the operation of an X-ray
system or its components.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for exposure time switching.
Subclass:
115
For selecting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter
wherein the switching means is operative to select between
different portions of the circuit, different devices
connected to the circuit or different modes of operation.
Subclass:
116
Technique or detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter
wherein the switching means selects between different modes
of operation of the system or between several detectors.
Subclass:
117
For safety or protection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter
wherein the switching means causes discontinuation of
operation of a portion or all of the system upon the
occurrence of an undesired condition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 1 for
safety and protection of systems and devices in general.
Subclass:
118
Tube overload:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter
wherein the undesired condition is overload of the X-ray
tube.
Subclass:
119
SOURCE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including methods and means for generating X
or gamma rays not provided for elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
372, Coherent Light Generators, subclass 5 for short
wavelength lasers including X-ray lasers.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, subclass 156 for X-rays generated by means of an
induced nuclear reaction, e.g., wherein the internal
conversion of an electron within the nucleus generates soft
gamma rays.
Subclass:
120
Nuclear excited:
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter
wherein the source is caused to emit X-rays through
excitation of a target upon bombardment of the target with
subatomic particles generated by the nuclear decay of a
radioactive substance.
Subclass:
121
Electron tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter
wherein the source is an electronic discharge device.
(1) Note. A typical X-ray tube includes an envelope within
which are positioned a filament used to heat a cathode which
emits a beam of electrons which strikes a target which target
then emits X-rays.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, appropriate
subclasses for non-X-ray electron tubes.
Subclass:
122
Field emission or cold cathode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
wherein electrons are ejected by a cathode upon the
application of an intense potential gradient between the
cathode and anode.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 309 or
discharge devices having a multipointed or serrated edge
electrode and subclass 336 for point source cathodes.
Subclass:
123
Vacuum control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. wherein the
tube includes means such as getters, regulators, and pumps to
permit variation of the vacuum within the tube or which act
continuously to maintain the vacuum, e.g., by scavenging.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
125 and 135, for X-ray tubes with movable electrodes which
may include vacuum seals for the electrode moving means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 547 for
related subject matter used in discharge devices generally.
445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device
Manufacturing, 38 and 73 for related subject matter used in
the manufacture and repair of discharge devices.
Subclass:
124
With plural targets or anodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
including more than one target for the beam of electrons or
more than one anode within the tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 for tubes with plural electrodes other than targets or
anodes.
Subclass:
125
With movable target:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
wherein the target within the tube is movable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
135 for tubes with movable electrodes other than the
target.
Subclass:
126
Translation or nutation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter
wherein the movement is in a straight line or a compound
movement other than simple rotation.
Subclass:
127
Temperature modification:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter
wherein means are provided to modify one or more temperatures
within the tube, e.g., to decrease the operating temperature
of the rotor bearings to prevent them from seizing.
(1) Note. Also included is subject matter having means
comprising evaporable metal for transferring heat away from
the focal spot to lower the maximum instantaneous local
temperature on the target itself.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for X-ray tubes other than the movable target type with
cooling means.
199 for cooling means external to the X-ray tube.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 11 for temperature
modification in discharge devices generally.
Subclass:
128
With thermal impedance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
wherein a temperature (usually the bearing temperature) is
modified through the use of means to diminish the rate of
heat transfer in a specific direction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 133 for diminishing thermal
radiation by surface polishing.
Subclass:
129
With increased emissivity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
wherein a surface is conditioned to enhance the radiation of
heat.
(1) Note. Typical conditioned surfaces are target surfaces
or motor rotor surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 133 for increasing thermal
radiation by the coating or roughening of surfaces.
Subclass:
130
With cooling fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
wherein a fluid is used to remove heat from some region of
the tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for X-ray tubes other than the movable target type with
cooling means.
199 for cooling means external to the X-ray tube.
Subclass:
131
With specific motor means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter
including detailed means to produce target movement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate
subclasses for electrical motor structure, per se.
Subclass:
132
With specific bearing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter
including detailed structure for supporting while allowing
movement of the target.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, appropriate subclasses for bearings, per se.
Subclass:
133
With lubrication:
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Subject matter
including means for maintaining the bearing in a proper state
of lubrication.
Subclass:
134
With plural cathodes or heaters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
including more than one cathode or heater within the tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124 for tubes with plural targets or anodes.
Subclass:
135
With movable electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
wherein an electrode within the tube other than the target is
movable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
125 for tubes with movable targets.
Subclass:
136
With specific cathode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
including a specific embodiment of a cathode defining
particular material or structure.
Subclass:
137
With electron scanning or deflecting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
including means to electrostatically or magnetically move the
beam of electrons from one position to another on the
target.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for computerized tomography systems which include
electronic scanning.
113 for power supplies for electron scanning X-ray tubes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 364 for
cathode-ray tube structure not specific to X-ray tubes.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
364 for cathode-ray tube scanning circuits not specific to
X-ray tubes.
Subclass:
138
With electron focusing or intensity control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
including means to converge the beam of electrons into a spot
at the target or to control the electron density of the
beam.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 452 for
cathode-ray tubes provided with focusing means for the
electron beam.
Subclass:
139
With potential stress distribution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
including means for decreasing local potential gradients such
as would result in puncturing of the envelope, e.g., the
means is typically a coating on the surface of the envelope,
the resistivity of the coating being just low enough to drain
off electrical charges which would otherwise accumulate
during the operation of the tube.
Subclass:
140
With X-ray window or secondary radiation screen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
provided with means for absorbing secondary electrons and/or
unwanted photons, and X-ray tubes having a window in the
envelope of the tube which passes a broader spectrum of X-ray
radiation than is passed by the remainder of the envelope.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass, for example, are X-ray
tubes having an envelope made of a glass which transmits only
"hard" X-rays and which has a window made of a material that
will transmit "soft" X-rays.
(2) Note. A typical secondary screen is a hood surrounding
the target with an entrance aperture for primary electrons
and an exit aperture for desired X-rays.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
161 for windows, per se.
Subclass:
141
With cooling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
wherein means is provided to remove heat from some region of
the tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for temperature modification means in movable target
tubes.
199 for cooling means external to the X-ray tube.
Subclass:
142
With solid heat conductor or shield:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
wherein the cooling means is in the form of a solid and acts
to remove heat by conduction from or blocks the passage of
heat to some region of the tube.
Subclass:
143
Target:
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter
including a specific embodiment of an element which is
designed to generate X-rays when bombarded by electrons or
other radiation.
(1) Note. This subclass contains patents for targets (which
are sources of X-rays) when the target is not claimed in
combination with a tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for targets claimed in combination with an X-ray tube.
Subclass:
144
Rotary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
including targets specifically designed to be rotated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
125 for X-ray tubes with movable targets.
Subclass:
145
BEAM CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising adjusting X-ray beam
characteristics subsequent to generation of the X-ray beam to
provide desired beam size, shape, energy, intensity,
propagation direction, or other such features.
(1) Note. The means for adjusting the beam characteristics
may be included within the X-ray source.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for beam energy or intensity control in computerized
tomography.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 505.1 for radiation
controlling means in general.
Subclass:
146
Scanner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject matter
including means to cause the beam of X-rays to sweep over a
selected area by sequentially passing small portions of a
large beam while blocking all other portions, e.g., an X-ray
opaque Nipkow disk.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 113 and 137, for systems including scanning an electron
beam across a target to thus cause scanning of the emitted
X-rays.
Subclass:
147
Collimator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject matter
comprising control of X-ray beam shape, size, axial
direction, or focal length.
(1) Note. This subclass includes X-ray opaque aperture
plates, source mounted masking devices, etc.
(2) Note. Beam masking devices positioned on or adjacent an
irradiated object so as to protect the object are considered
radiation shields and are classified in Class 250, Radiant
Energy, subclass 515.1.
Subclass:
148
Plural selectable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter
including means to select one of a plurality of collimators.
Subclass:
149
Multiaperture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter
wherein the collimator is formed of a large number of small
apertures, e.g., arranged in the form of a honeycomb, which
apertures are employed simultaneously.
Subclass:
150
Variable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter
wherein the shape, size, axial direction, or focal length of
the beam is variable.
(1) Note. Variable collimators are referred to in the art
by numerous alternative terms such as diaphragms, shutters,
screens, masks, or cones.
Subclass:
151
Automatic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter
wherein the collimator is caused to vary in response to the
sensing of some condition of the X-ray device or the object.
Subclass:
152
With linear leaf motion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter
wherein the aperture in the collimator is bounded by movable
leaves of X-ray opaque material and these leaves are each
movable along straight lines.
Subclass:
153
With pivotal leaf motion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter
wherein the aperture in the collimator is bounded by movable
leaves of X-ray opaque material and these leaves are each
movable about pivot points.
Subclass:
154
Antiscatter grid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject matter
including a plurality of X-ray opaque elements arranged in
the form of a grid and used to prevent the passage
therethrough of X-rays coming from other than a desired
direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 for secondary radiation screens combined with X-ray
sources.
149 for structure wherein X-ray opaque elements define a
large number of small apertures.
Subclass:
155
With grid moving means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter
including means to move the grid, such that a shadow of the
grid does not appear in the final X-ray image.
Subclass:
156
Filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject matter
including means which allows the passage therethrough of
X-rays of selected energy or intensity.
(1) Note. A single filter may allow the passage of photons
having different energies at different portions thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for computerized tomography using energy discrimination.
49 for spatially dispersive energy analysis of the X-ray
fluorescence of an analyte.
82 for spatial energy dispersion analysis.
Subclass:
157
Plural:
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter
including a plurality of separate filter units.
Subclass:
158
Single filter with plural elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter
including a plurality of filter elements joined to form a
single filter unit.
Subclass:
159
Contoured:
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter
wherein the filter is of nonuniform thickness.
Subclass:
160
Shutter or chopper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject matter
including means which may be rapidly opened or closed to
completely block or pass an X-ray beam.
Subclass:
161
Window:
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject matter
including an aperture in an X-ray opaque material which is
closed by an X-ray transmissive material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 for windows combined with X-ray sources.
Subclass:
162
AUXILIARY DATA ACQUISITION OR RECORDING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including the acquisition or recording of
information concerning the object or the exposure other than
the image of the object.
(1) Note. The recording usually takes the form of a marking
or coding on a photos:graphic plate upon which the image of
the object is formed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, for recording devices, per se.
606, Surgery, subclass 130 for stereotactic devices, i.e.,
holders comprising X-ray opaque marking for supporting
surgical instruments relative to a patient.
Subclass:
163
Distance or dimension marker:
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
including means of known dimensions which are at least partly
opaque to X-rays placed on or near the object at known
distances from each other such that they appear in the final
image of the object and whose images may be used to
calculated distance or dimensions within the object.
Subclass:
164
Coordinate grid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter
wherein the means comprises a coordinate grid which is at
least partly opaque to X-rays.
Subclass:
165
Patient or exposure data:
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
wherein the data concerns patient related information or the
image number, duration, intensity, or other characteristic of
the exposure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, 310 for exposure identification.
Subclass:
166
With light projection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter
wherein the data is recorded by projecting light modulated
with the data onto the X-ray detector.
(1) Note. The light may be infrared, visible or
ultraviolet.
Subclass:
167
PHOTOGRAPHIC DETECTOR SUPPORT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including means to support, contain, or
position an X-ray detector of the photos:graphic type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, appropriate subclasses for photos:graphic
film support, positioning, aligning, and moving means, in
general.
Subclass:
168
Dental:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
wherein the object under examination includes the teeth or
jaw of a patient.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for dental panoramics.
191 for dental fluoroscopic detector supports.
Subclass:
169
Cassette:
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter
including a container for the detector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 455 for film
receptacles.
396, Photography, 512 for photos:graphic film cassettes.
Subclass:
170
With aligning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter
including means to position the detector in a selected
alignment with the source and object.
Subclass:
171
For roll or strip film:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
wherein the film is in the form of a roll or strip.
Subclass:
172
Serial plate of cassette changer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
providing for the sequential supply of unexposed X-ray plates
or cassettes to an X-ray exposure station and for the
subsequent removal therefrom of exposed plates or cassettes.
Subclass:
173
Serial film or film pack changer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
providing for the sequential supply of unexposed X-ray films
or film packs to an X-ray exposure station and for the
subsequent removal therefrom of exposed films or film packs.
Subclass:
174
For plural films or plates:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
including plural photos:graphic detector units.
Subclass:
175
For plural exposures on single film or plate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
including means to position a film or plate in such manner
that plural exposures may be made on that single film or
plate.
Subclass:
176
With real time imaging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Subject matter
including means such as a fluorescent screen or a television
system which provides a visual presentation of the X-ray
image being recorded photos:graphically.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for real time display combined with xeroradiography.
98 for X-ray systems including circuits and means for
displaying and signaling.
190 for fluoroscopes.
Subclass:
177
With object support or positioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
including means combined with the detector support which
supports or positions the object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 and the subclasses noted thereunder, for object support,
positioning or aligning devices.
Subclass:
178
For seated object:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter
including means to support an animate object in a seated
position.
Subclass:
179
Pivoted object support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter
including means for pivoting the object during X-ray
examination.
Subclass:
180
With object retaining:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter
including means to prevent movement of the object relative to
the detector once it has been positioned.
Subclass:
181
For movable film or plate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
wherein the photos:graphic detector is in the form of a film
or plate and means is provided to move the detector support.
Subclass:
182
Sheet film cassette:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
wherein the detector is in the form of sheet film and is
enclosed in a container therefor.
Subclass:
183
Self-developing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter
including means within the cassette to develop the film after
exposure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, 30 for developing cameras.
Subclass:
184
Flexible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter
wherein the cassette is not rigid.
Subclass:
185
With radiation modifying:
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter
wherein the cassette includes some means to modify the
radiation entering the cassette such as antiscatter means,
filters, or intensifier screens.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for beam control means, per se.
Subclass:
186
With antiscatter means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter
including means to admit X-rays from a desired direction
only.
Subclass:
187
With film clamping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter
including means for holding the film in intimate contact with
a support surface such as foam pads, pressure plates, or
cassette evacuation means.
Subclass:
188
With hinged cover:
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter
wherein the cassette includes a cover hinged to the body
thereof.
Subclass:
189
NONPHOTOGRAPHIC DETECTOR SUPPORT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including means to support, contain, or
position an X-ray detector of a nonphotos:graphic type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
22 for nonphotos:graphic detectors used in tomography.
Subclass:
190
Fluoroscope:
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Subject matter
wherein the detector exhibits an image of the object by means
of a material which fluoresces in response to the X-radiation
being transmitted through the object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
42 for stereofluorscopy.
Subclass:
191
Dental:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter
wherein the object under examination includes the teeth or
jaw of a patient.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for dental panoramics.
168 for dental film supports.
Subclass:
192
Foot or shoe examination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter
wherein the object under examination includes the foot or
shoe of a patient or customer.
Subclass:
193
SOURCE SUPPORT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including means to support, contain, or
position an X-ray source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 496.1 for containment and shielding of
radioactive sources and subclass 522.1 for source supports.
Subclass:
194
Including cable handling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Subject matter
including means to house, support, or manipulate the cables
which supply the X-ray source.
(1) Note. The source cables may serve for the transfer of
electrical energy or hydraulic, pneumatic or cooling fluid.
Subclass:
195
Including object support or positioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Subject matter
including means combined with the source support which
supports or positions the object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 and the subclasses noted thereunder, for object support,
positioning, or aligning devices.
Subclass:
196
With movable source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Subject matter
wherein means is provided to move the source with respect to
the object.
Subclass:
197
Including movable source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Subject matter
wherein means is provided to move the source.
Subclass:
198
With mobile support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Subject matter
wherein the support which allows movement of the source is
itself movable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for pipe crawlers.
Subclass:
199
Source cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Subject matter
wherein the source support includes means to cool external
surfaces of the source.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 and 141, for means for cooling the interior of an X-ray
tube.
Subclass:
200
Liquid coolant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
wherein the means to cool the source includes a liquid which
acts to remove heat from the source.
Subclass:
201
Shock proofing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Subject matter
including means to prevent contact with voltage carrying
elements which supply power to or are a part of the source.
Subclass:
202
Fluid immersion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter
wherein the shock proofing includes immersion of the source
in a nonconductive fluid.
Subclass:
203
Shielding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Subject matter
wherein the source support includes means to shield the X-ray
source to eliminate unwanted radiation.
Subclass:
204
ACCESSORY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which are not X-ray devices in and of
themselves but which are specifically and uniquely designed
for use in or with X-ray devices.
Subclass:
205
Alignment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter
including means designed to aid in the alignment of source,
object, or detector relative to one another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 for alignment devices used in computerized tomography.
Subclass:
206
With light projection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
including the projection of a beam of light in a direction
such that by monitoring the position where the light strikes
the object, alignment may be achieved.
(1) Note. The light may be infrared, visible, or
ultraviolet.
Subclass:
207
Testing or calibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter
including means designed to test an X-ray device for proper
operation or to aid in the adjustment of the device for
operation within desired characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 252.1 for calibration or
standardization methods used in radiant energy systems.
Subclass:
208
Object holder or support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter
including means to maintain the object in a selected position
or orientation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 and the subclasses noted thereunder, for object support,
positioning, or aligning devices.
Subclass:
209
Table or couch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter
wherein the support is in the form of a table or couch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, 630 for surgical supports.
Subclass:
210
MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter not provided for under any of the previous
subclasses.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
901
COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY PROGRAM OR PROCESSOR:
Art collection of disclosures including computer devices or
programs relating to X-ray tomography.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000