U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 373
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRIC HEATING FURNACES
Class Definition:
GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
Apparatus of this class is Characterized by the following:
(1) Specialized to the use of electricity as the heat source;
(2) heating within a chamber, enclosure, or other holding
means; (3) melting of a charge (e.g., materials such as
crushed ore or scrap), or preserving a melted charge in a
molten state; and (4) manipulated, or operated in an
industrial environment.
Processes of Operating the Apparatus of the above paragraph,
per se, which do not recite a specific metallurgical
treatment step.
Residual Industrial Electric Furnace Processes not elsewhere
classifiable.
Industrial Electric Furnaces not elsewhere classifiable.
Apparatus used to simulate electric furnace operations and
that is not elsewhere classifiable.
SUBCOMBINATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL ELECTRIC FURNACES PROVIDED FOR
IN THIS CLASS
Any subcombination within the purview of the Statement of
Class Subject Matter, above, and disclosed as having primary
utility as part of an industrial electric furnace apparatus.
Other subcombinations (e.g., charge stirring apparatus)
either claimed in conjunction with nominally disclosed
industrial furnace apparatus, or disclosed as having primary
utility in an industrial furnace apparatus except as
enumerated by Exclusions, below.
COMBINATIONS OF OTHER APPARATUS WHICH INCLUDES APPARATUS OF
THIS CLASS
Control Systems, or disparate device regulators not elsewhere
classifiable are classified in this class.
Noninteractive combinations where the industrial electric
furnace apparatus is more than nominally claimed, or where
the combination is not elsewhere classifiable are classified
in this class.
EXCLUSIONS
(1) An Industrial Electric Furnace which is a subcombination
of a claimed encompassing system;
(2) Residential, or home heating furnace systems, or
devices;
(3) Electrical Heating Apparatus with Furnacelike Enclosure,
or holding means where: (a) there is no disclosure of
utility relating to charge melting, or preserving in a molten
state, or (b) any utility requiring melting is incorporated
in a specific metallurgical treatment step (e.g., welding)
which is elsewhere classifiable;
(4) Furnace apparatus powered by electricity whose primary
principle of operation is unrelated to heating (e.g.,
electrolytic furnaces).
(5) Furnace apparatus of the charging and discharging type,
wherein the furnace is only nominally recited. For example, a
furnace apparatus of the aforementioned type only nominally
reciting an electric furnace having a heating element will be
found with the particular charging and discharging type.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for
nonelectric glass furnaces and furnace devices.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for
processes of consolidating metalliferous material or
extracting, refining, or melting metals and subclass 10.1
for electric reduction processes not directed merely to
processes of operation or manipulation of the furnace.
110, Furnaces, appropriate subclass, for furnaces of general
utility, especially subclasses 235+, for incinerators for the
disposal of waster material, which incinerators may have
structure to render a molten material, including metals,
disposable.
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for non-coating
apparatus for growing therein-defined single-crystal of all
types of materials, including those having means for zone
melting.
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 58+ for coating
apparatus combined with heating means for drying the coating,
or for effecting a metallurgical treatment, e.g., annealing,
of a coated article, or of an article which is about to be
coated, and subclasses 726+ for details of crucible
structures which contain coating material during
vaporization.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for
structural features peculiar to stoves and furnaces, see
particularly subclass 343.5 for melting furnaces, or
domestic utility.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, appropriate subclasses for
electrically heated furnaces for vaporizing liquid for the
specific purpose of concentrating attendant solids.
164, Metal Founding, appropriate subclasses for metal casting
apparatus which may employ electric heating means.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 16 for an
electrical heating process, or device for forming a hole in
the earth by directly applying heat to fluidize, or comminute
the material forming the earth.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 121 for vaporizing
devices with electric heating means.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate
subclasses for electrical furnaces and electrical processes
for electrolysis, or for using electrical energy to cause
chemical change as distinguished for its use for mere
heating.
219, Electric Heating, which is the generic class for heating
electrically, as welding, metal heating, domestic heating,
heating articles, or fluids.
222, Dispensing, subclasses 591+, especially subclasses 592+
for ladles, or tundishes used to dispense molten metals.
Such dispensing vessels may include means to treat the molten
metal where such a treatment is solely ancillary to and
supportive of the dispensing operation, e.g., spout heaters
to prevent clogging of the vessel outlet.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
15 for automatic temperature, or humidity control in
combustion furnaces.
237, Heating Systems, subclass 48 for furnace heating system
ventilation.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclass, especially subclasses 65+, for
comminuting, or disintegrating means, per se, or combined
with heating means which do not effect a change in the
chemical nature of the material being treated.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 251 for molecular, or atomic
beam devices for producing and propagating an unidirectional
stream of neutral molecules, or atoms through a vacuum,
usually at thermal velocity, subclasses 324+ for methods and
apparatus to irradiate materials by corona radiation,
subclass 423 for methods and apparatus to generate ions,
subclasses 428+ for methods and apparatus to support,
contain, or transfer fluent material with, or without an
irradiating source, subclasses 453.1+ for methods and
apparatus including supports for objects to be irradiated
with, or without an irradiating source, subclasses 458.1+ for
methods and apparatus to irradiate luminophors, subclass
492.1+ for methods and apparatus to irradiate objects, or
materials generally, and subclasses 472.1+ for invisible
radiation generation and sources, particularly subclasses
493.1+ for neutron generators.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 30, for methods of forming, or repairing
furnace linings by shaping, e.g., molding, fluent refractory
material.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, for electric, or nonelectric
features of metallurgical furnaces not limited to
characteristics of an electric furnace (except electric
heating or pouring spout, or material at discharge area when
only disclosed in an electric furnace).
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 327 for
self-baking electrode structures, per se.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
appropriate subclasses for systems for supplying electric
current to arc furnaces provided that the arc furnace is only
nominally disclosed.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, for
electrical power supply, or regulating systems with nominally
disclosed electric furnace devices.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 365+ for miscellaneous
gating circuits, subclasses 509+ for miscellaneous externally
effected circuits, subclasses 518+ for miscellaneous control
circuits, and subclasses 538+ for miscellaneous bias circuits
with regulating.
336, Inductor Devices, for inductive devices, per se.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, subclass 107, 121+ and 144 for means utilizing an
electrically controlled plasma to produce a thermonuclear
reaction.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 147+ for
furnace charging apparatus, or for furnace chargers combined
with that specific furnace structure which is solely for
facilitating the movement of the material into the furnace.
432, Heating, appropriate subclass, for heating apparatus of
general utility.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate subclasses for
furnace lining compositions.
GLOSSARY:
ARC
A prolonged electrical discharge, or series of prolonged
discharges between two electrodes, or between an electrode
and a current carrying material.
CHANNEL
A hollow loop, or ring which will contain material to be
heated, and which permits the insertion of a core of iron to
improve the coupling between a primary coil and a secondary
in the loop, or ring.
CHARGE
The material heated by the furnace.
CHARGING
The function of supplying a charge to a furnace.
CRUCIBLE
A component of the furnace which holds, or otherwise contains
the charge.
DISCHARGING
The function of removing a charge from a furnace.
ELECTRODE
An electrical conducting element that emits, or collects
electrons, or ions, or controls their movement by means of an
electric field on it.
ELECTRON BEAM
A narrow stream of electrons moving in the same direction
under the influence of an electric, or magnetic field.
ELECTROSLAG DEVICE
Apparatus enabling one, or more electrodes to be immersed in
a slag layer which floats on top of the melt.
FILAMENT
A slender thread of material.
FURNACE
A chamber, enclosure, or other holding means for heating
materials therein.
GLOW DISCHARGE
The phenomenon of electrical conduction in gasses shown by a
slight luminosity, without great hissing, or noise, and
without appreciable heating, or volatilization of the
electrode, when the electrostatic pressure exceeds a certain
value.
HEARTH
The part of the furnace upon which the charge is placed and
melted down, or refined.
INDUCTION HEATING
The method of producing heat in a charge by placing it in a
electromagnetic relationship with an inducing winding, the
charge forming the secondary.
INGOT
The casting obtained when molten metal is poured into a mold
with the expectation that it be further processed.
PLASMA
A wholly, or partially ionized gas in which the positive ions
and the negative electrons are roughly equal in number.
ROOF
A cover, or lid for the furnace.
SLAG
A more, or less completely fused and vitrified material
separated during the reduction of a metal from its ore which
generally floats on top of the molten metal during the heat
reduction processes found in this class.
ZONE MELTING
A process where a selected area of a charge is heated in
liquification.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
PLURAL DIVERSE HEATING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including plural, different in kind, or type heating
elements.
(1) Note. Usually either the plural heating elements
operate on the same charge, or one of the heating elements
operates as a substitute for the other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
432, Heating, subclass 94 for heating apparatus having (a)
two distinctly different types of heat generators, (b) a heat
generator and a source of heat that is not a generator, or
(c) a combustion type heat generating means using two
different fuels.
Subclass:
2
Arc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein one of the heating elements is an electric arc
between two electrodes, or between an electrode and a current
carrying material (e.g., the charge material).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for arc furnaces with environmental control devices.
60 for arc furnace devices, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 514 for electric arc heating
apparatus used for metal casting.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 121.11 for arc metal
heating, per se.
Subclass:
3
With resistance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter
including means to develop heat by the passage of current
through a material, or device having the property of
electrical resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 5+ for resistance furnaces combined with heating
elements other than an electrical arc.
subclasses 109+ for resistance furnace details, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 200+ for electric
resistance heating, per se.
Subclass:
4
With induction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter
including means to produce heat in a charge by placing it in
an electromagnetic relationship with an inducing winding, the
charge forming the secondary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for induction heating elements combined with resistance
furnaces.
7 for induction furnaces combined with heating elements
other than an electrical arc, or resistance element.
subclasses 138+ for induction furnace details, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 513 for inductive heating
apparatus used for metal casting.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 600+ for inductive
heating, subclasses 678+ for microwave heating, and
subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric heating.
Subclass:
5
Resistance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein one of the heating elements is a means to develop
heat by the passage of current through a material, or device
having the property of electrical resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for resistance heating elements combined with arc
furnaces.
subclasses 109+ for resistance furnace details, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 200+ for electric
resistance heating, per se.
Subclass:
6
With induction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Subject matter
including means to produce heat in a charge by placing it in
an electromagnetic relationship with an inducing winding, the
charge forming the secondary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for inductance heating elements combined with are
furnaces.
7 for induction furnaces combined with heating elements
other than an electrical arc, or resistance element.
subclasses 138+ for induction furnace details, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 513 for inductive heating
apparatus used for metal casting.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 600+ for inductive
heating, subclasses 678+ for microwave heating, and
subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric heating.
Subclass:
7
Induction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including means to produce heat in a charge by placing it in
an electromagnetic relationship with an inducing winding, the
charge forming the secondary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for inductance heating elements combined with arc
furnaces.
6 for inductance heating elements combined with resistance
furnaces.
subclasses 138+ for induction furnace details, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 513 for inductive heating
apparatus used for metal casting.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 600+ for inductive
heating, subclasses 678+ for microwave heating, and
subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric heating.
Subclass:
8
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to withdraw furnace gases, or to trap
dust and fumes escaping from the furnace while in operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 144+ for means
treating, or handling gases exhausted by treating means.
Subclass:
9
Arc furnace:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject mater
wherein, the furnace heating element is an electric arc
between two electrodes, or between an electrode and a current
carrying material (e.g., the charge material).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ for arc furnaces combined with other heating
means.
subclasses 60+ for arc furnace devices, per se.
Subclass:
10
ELECTRON BEAM FURNACE DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein heat is generated to melt charge material by
the effects of the impingement, of a directed beam, of
accelerated electrons on the charge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 10.19 for the
production of metal or the treatment of molten metal using a
wholly or partially charged mixture of gaseous ions and
electrons (i.e. plasma) as the source of thermal energy.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 121.13 for welding,
machining and general heating applications utilizing electron
beams, search here also for electron guns, or emitters, per
se.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 251 for molecular, or atomic
beam devices for producing and propagating a unidirectional
stream of neutral molecules, or atoms through a vacuum,
usually at thermal velocity, subclasses 324+ for methods and
apparatus to irradiate materials by corona radiation,
subclass 423 for methods and apparatus to generate ions,
subclasses 428+ for methods and apparatus to support,
contain, or transfer fluent material with, or without an
irradiating source, subclass 453.11 for methods and apparatus
including supports for objects to be irradiated with, or
without an irradiating source, subclass 458.1 for the methods
and apparatus to irradiate luminophors, subclasses 492.1+ for
methods and apparatus to irradiate objects, or materials
generally, and subclass 493.1 for invisible radiation
generation and sources, particularly subclasses 493.1+ for
neutron generators.
Subclass:
11
Vaporizing furnace:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter
wherein the charge is heated by the electron beam to a
gaseous state.
(1) Note. Generally crucibles are fully charged, then moved
into an area to be struck by the electron beam and then out
from under the beam when the charge is substantially
vaporized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 33+ for glass furnace charging devices.
subclasses 46+ and 42, for electroslag remelting furnace
start up charging and alloying devices respectively.
63 for indirect arc furnaces where the charge is fed into
the space between the electrodes.
subclasses 67+ for arc furnace ingot remelting where
furnace electrodes constitute the charge material.
subclasses 72+ for arc furnace crucible details.
subclasses 79+ for arc furnace charging, per se.
115 for resistance furnace charging, per se.
subclasses 142+ for induction furnace charging, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclasses 267+ and 327+ for furnace solid
fuel feeders and subclasses 101+ for furnace fuel feeders,
per se.
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 726+ for details of
crucible structures which contain coating material during
vaporization.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 420+ for electric heating
devices combined with nominally disclosed crucible, or
furnace-type containers.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 200+ for means to
melt, or vaporize metal, or to treat liquified metal.
392, Electric Resistance Heating Devices, appropriate
subclasses for electric heating apparatus.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 244 for
serially disposed vaporizing heating means with solid
material deposition means maintained at a temperature lower
than said heating means.
431, Combustion, subclass 208 for a fuel burner having an
electrically heated fuel vaporizer.
Subclass:
12
Power supply and control circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter
including means to regulate and power the operation of the
vaporizing furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for plasma furnaces control systems.
40 for glass furnace electrical system regulation.
subclasses 49+ for electroslag remelting furnaces with
power supply control.
70 and 104+, for arc furnace power regulation.
135 for resistance furnace control, per se.
148 for induction furnace power supply regulation.
Subclass:
13
Gun assembly:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter
including the component structure of the means which emits
the electron beam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for plasma furnace plasma gun details.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 121.27 for electron gun
assembly in electron beam heating devices.
Subclass:
14
With deflection control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter
including means to regulate the path of the electron beam.
Subclass:
15
Ingot remelting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter
wherein a previously melted and subsequently solidified ingot
charge is remelted by the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 21+ for plasma furnace ingot remelting.
subclasses 67+ for arc furnace ingot remelting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 200+ for means to
melt, or vaporize metal, per se.
432, Heating, appropriate subclass for melting furnaces of
general utility.
Subclass:
16
With plural beam devices:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter
wherein the furnace has more than one electron beam gun.
Subclass:
17
Zone melting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter
wherein a small area, or zone of the charge is liquified by
the electron beam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
139 for zone melting utilizing induction heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 10.11 for processes of
zone melting of metal.
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, subclasses 37+
for processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal of
all types of materials, including by zone melting, and
subclasses 219+ for non-coating apparatus for growing
therein-defined single-crystal of all types of materials,
including by zone melting means.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 250.1 for
non-coating crystallizing apparatus which includes means for
zone melting, not including means for chemical reaction, and
not provided for elsewhere.
Subclass:
18
PLASMA FURNACE DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a plasma generating means as the heat source
to melt, or otherwise treat the material within the furnace
device.
(1) Note. A plasma flame is generated when an ionizable gas
is forced through an electrical field.
(2) Note. Plasmatrons are also referred to as "arc
torches," "plasma guns", etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 13+ for electron beam vaporizing furnace gun
assembly details.
24 for direct plasma furnaces with side wall mounted
plasmatrons.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 231.31
for fluent material supplied plasma devices.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
111.21 for plasma generating systems.
Subclass:
19
Indirect heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the material being heated is heated principally by
heat radiation from the plasma flame, without direct contact
with the flame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 61+ for arc furnace indirect heating details.
Subclass:
20
Rotary furnace:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter
wherein the furnace is rotated, generally about its
longitudinal axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
432, Heating, subclasses 103+ for tumbler- type rotary drum
furnaces, per se.
Subclass:
21
Remelting furnace (i.e., ingot remelting):
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the plasma furnace remelts ingots produced from a
previous melting/costing process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for electron beam furnace ingot remelting apparatus.
subclasses 42+ for electroslag remelting devices.
subclasses 67+ for arc furnace ingot remelting
apparatus.
Subclass:
22
Direct furnace (i.e., plasma flame impinges on the melt):
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the plasma flame is in contact with the material
being melted.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 164+
for chemical processes employing a plasma.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, subclasses 100+ for means utilizing plasma to
produce a thermonuclear reaction.
Subclass:
23
Expanded arc column:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter
wherein the plasma flame expands, usually in a conical shape,
as it extends away from the plasmatron.
Subclass:
24
Sidewall mounted plasmatron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter
wherein the plasmatron means extends through and is supported
by the furnace sidewall.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for plasma furnace plasmatrons, per se.
Subclass:
25
Control system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter
including means to regulate the operation of the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for control systems in plasma remelting furnaces.
40 for electrical system regulation of glass furnaces.
subclasses 49+ for power supply control in electroslag
remelting furnaces.
70 77 and 104+, for control, or regulation of arc furnace
devices.
subclasses 110+ and 135, for control, or regulation of
resistance furnace devices.
subclasses 140+ 148, and 149+, for control, or regulation of
induction furnace devices.
Subclass:
26
GLOW DISCHARGE FURNACE DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the heat is produced from a glow discharge
generated within the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 615, 618
and 619 for glow- type discharge devices, per se.
Subclass:
27
GLASS FURNACE DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter specifically adapted for melting, or treating glass or
silica.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 109+ for resistance furnaces, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 335 for nonelectric glass
furnaces with furnace charging means; subclass 347 for
nonelectric furnaces having a structurally defined delivery
or fining zone, and see the search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
28
Filament discharge (i.e., bushing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter
wherein the glass is melting in a bushing from which the
molten glass is discharged as filaments, the bushing being
heated by passing a current therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 384+ for glass fiber
and filament making apparatus, especially subclasses 493+ for
means for forming bushings with designated compositions;
subclasses 496+ for means for forming specified bushing tip
or glass feeder structure.
Subclass:
29
Joule effect heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter
wherein the glass is melted, or maintained in a molten
condition by passing an electric current therethrough between
at least two electrodes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 104 for treating a
continuum of work by joule effect heating means.
Subclass:
30
Furnace body detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter
pertaining to the furnace body or tank for holding the molten
glass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for details of electroslag remelting furnace bodies.
subclasses 71+ for arc furnace body details.
156 and 163, for induction furnace crucible details.
Subclass:
31
Multichamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Furnaces which
are composed of at least two discrete interconnected
sections.
(1) Note. For example, melting and refining section, or
melting and delivery zones.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for plural arc furnace units operating sequentially on
the same charge.
80 for arc furnace charge preheating.
144 for induction furnaces with plural heating elements
operating sequentially on a charge.
Subclass:
32
With heating between chambers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter
including heating means mounted in the passageway between the
plural furnace sections, or including furnaces where the
heating current flows between electrodes mounted one in each
furnace section.
Subclass:
33
Charging or discharging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter
including means to supply, or remove material to be heated,
to or from the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for electron beam furnace charging means.
subclasses 42+ and 46+, for electroslag remelting furnace
start up charging and alloying devices respectively.
63 for indirect arc furnaces where the charge is fed into
the space between the electrodes.
subclasses 67+ for arc furnace ingot remelting where
furnace electrodes constitute the charge material.
subclasses 79+ for arc furnace charging/discharging, per
se.
115 for resistance furnace charging/discharging, per se.
subclasses 142+ for induction furnace charging/discharging,
per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclasses 267+ and 327+ for furnace solid
fuel feeders and subclasses 101+ for furnace fuel feeders,
per se.
222, Dispensing, subclasses 591+ for molten metal
dispensing.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 176+ for means to
supply a charge to a heating means.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 147+ for
charging a chamber utilized for a heating function.
Subclass:
34
Including batch preheating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter
wherein the batch is heated prior to being charged into the
furnace, also preheating may be achieved by utilizing the
waste heat from the furnace, or by means of a separate heat
source.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for arc furnace charge preheating.
Subclass:
35
Including discharge area heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter
wherein means are provided at, or near the discharge opening
of the furnace to heat the material as it is discharged.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for resistance-heated discharge bushings, the discharge
usually being in the form of filaments for making glass
fibers.
Subclass:
36
Electrode assembly:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter
pertaining to the electrode, its holder and associate
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 54+ for electroslag remelting furnace electrode
structure or composition.
subclasses 88+ for arc furnace electrode structure.
Subclass:
37
Protection means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter
including means to protect the electrode from excessive
deterioration while in use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for electroslag remelting furnace electrodes with
protective shields.
64 for arc furnace electrodes with protective shields.
Subclass:
38
Holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter
including apparatus to support the electrode while in use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 52+ for electroslag remelting furnace electrode
support details.
subclasses 94+ for arc furnace electrode support details.
Subclass:
39
Electrical system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter
including means to supply electrical power to the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 47+ for electroslag remelting power supply
system details.
subclasses 102+ for arc furnace power supply system
details.
subclasses 147+ for induction furnace power supply system
details.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 365+ for miscellaneous
gating circuits, subclasses 509+ for miscellaneous externally
effected circuits, subclasses 518+ for miscellaneous control
circuits, and subclasses 538+ for miscellaneous bias circuits
with regulating.
Subclass:
40
Regulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
including means to regulate the electrical power supplied to
the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for control systems indirect plasma furnaces.
26 for plasma remelting furnace control systems.
subclasses 49+ for power supply control in electroslag
remelting furnaces.
70 77 and 104+, for control, or regulation of arc furnace
devices.
subclasses 110+ and 135, for control, or regulation of
resistance furnace devices.
subclasses 140+ 148 and 149+, for control, or regulation of
induction furnace devices.
Subclass:
41
Electrode arrangement (e.g., array):
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
wherein the electrodes are arranged in the furnace to achieve
specific electrical characteristics within the melt (e.g.,
for specific heating patterns in the melt, or to eliminate
overlap between heating currents).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for electroslag remelting furnace plural electrode
arrangements.
Subclass:
42
ELECTROSLAG REMELTING DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein during electrode remelting the electrode is
immersed in a slag layer which floats on top of the melt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for electron beam furnace ingot remelting.
subclasses 21+ for plasma remelting furnaces.
subclasses 67+ for arc furnace ingot remelting where the
ingot is a consumable electrode which is melted by the arc
during furnace operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 10.24 for processes in
which an electrode is in electrical contact with a slag and
the electrical current therebetween melts the electrode
causing the molten metal therefrom to be refined by passing
through the slag.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 73.1 for electroslag welding
apparatus.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 216+ for means for
adding a solid, liquid or gaseous substance to molten metal.
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses for consumable electrode
devices, per se.
Subclass:
43
Plural furnace units:
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter
wherein more than one furnace unit, or crucible is provided
at one location for cooperative simultaneous, or sequential
operation.
(1) Note. Plural crucibles may be provided to be placed
under one electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for plural electron beam furnace crucible construction.
subclasses 31+ for glass furnaces with multichamber
heating.
78 for plural arc furnace units.
Subclass:
44
Body detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter
including details of the furnace structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 30+ for details of glass furnace bodies.
71 for arc furnace body details.
Subclass:
45
Crucible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter
including the part which holds the melt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for electron beam furnace crucible construction.
subclasses 30+ for glass furnace crucible details.
subclasses 72+ for arc furnace crucible details.
118 for crucible details in resistance furnaces where the
crucible is a resistance heating element.
subclasses 156+ and 163, for induction furnace crucible
details for coreless and core-type induction furnaces
respectively.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 726+ for details of
crucible structures which contain coating material during
vaporization.
164, Metal Founding, subclasses 335+ for metal molding
apparatus receptacles for holding, or dispensing molten
material.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 420+ for electric heating
devices combined with nominally disclosed crucible, or
furnace-type containers.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 167 and 275+ for
details, or crucibles used in the metallurgical treatment of
molten material.
432, Heating, subclasses 156+ and 262+ for details of
crucibles where the heating means is nonelectric.
Subclass:
46
Start-up:
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter
having means for adding material to the furnace to initiate
operation.
(1) Note. Generally molten, or granular slag is added to
fill the space between the electrode end and the crucible
bottom to complete the electrical circuit and thus commence
furnace operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for crucibles having means built into the bottom thereof
to complete the circuit for furnace start up.
Subclass:
47
Power supply system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter
including means to supply electrical power to the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for electron beam vaporizing furnaces with power supply
and control circuitry.
102 for arc furnace power supply systems.
147 for induction furnace power supply systems.
Subclass:
48
Conductor arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter
relating to the arrangement (e.g., spacing) of the power
conductors of the furnace.
Subclass:
49
Control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter
wherein means are provided to control or regulate electrical
power to the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for electron beam vaporizing furnaces with power supply
and control circuitry.
25 for plasma furnaces control systems.
40 for glass furnace electrical system regulation.
70 and 104+, for arc furnace power regulation.
135 for resistance furnace control, per se.
148 for induction furnace power supply regulation.
Subclass:
50
By changing electrode position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter
wherein the power is regulated by changing the depth of
immersion of the electrode into the slag.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for replacement of electrodes during furnace operation in
an electroslag remelting furnace.
subclasses 105+ for regulating the power supply by changing
the positions of the electrodes relative to the charge, or
each other in an arc furnace.
Subclass:
51
Electrode replacement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter
including apparatus to refit and reposition electrode during
furnace operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 for electroslag remelting furnace power supply system
control by changing electrode position.
Subclass:
52
Electrode support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter
including apparatus to support and hold the electrode during
remelting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for glass furnace electrode holders.
subclasses 94+ for arc furnace electrode support
apparatus.
Subclass:
53
Plural electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter
for supporting more than one electrode simultaneously.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for electroslag remelting furnace power supply systems
for plural electrode arrangements.
Subclass:
54
Electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter
including the shape, or composition of electrodes utilized in
the electroslag remelting furnace.
Subclass:
55
With protective shield:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter
wherein the electrode is provided with sheltering, or
screening means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for glass furnace electrode assembly means to protect the
electrode from excessive deterioration while in use.
64 for arc furnace electrodes with protective shields.
127 for resistance furnace resistance encasement means.
Subclass:
56
WITH CONDENSATING DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter specifically adapted for reducing gaseous volatile
material.
(1) Note. Condensation is used frequently for treatment of
zinc ores and cinnabars.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 9+ for arc furnaces with environmental control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 148+ for means
treating, or handling gases exhausted by the treating means
by condensing and collecting a volatile constituent.
432, Heating, subclass 66, for a heating means, or general
utility with a condenser for work chamber vapor.
Subclass:
57
Including resistance furnace detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter
including a furnace having a means to develop heat by the
passage of current through a material, or device having the
property of electrical resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 and 5+, for resistance furnaces combined with other type
furnaces.
subclasses 109+ for resistance furnaces, per se.
Subclass:
58
With open circuit (e.g., charge internal resistance
heating):
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
wherein the charge completes the circuit and the internal
resistance of the charge is the heating element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 120+ for resistance furnaces with open circuit
configurations, per se.
Subclass:
59
Including induction furnace detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter
including an induction coil to subject the charge to a
variable electromagnetic field for producing a heating
current by internal resistance losses in the charge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 600+ for inductive
heating, subclasses 678+ for microwave heating, and
subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric heating.
Subclass:
60
ARC FURNACE DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the charge is heated by means of an electric
arc produced between opposed electrodes (indirect arc
furnaces) or between an electrode and the charge (direct arc
furnaces).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 1+ for arc furnaces with other heating means.
subclasses 9+ for arc furnaces with environmental control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 171
for arc furnaces used for the preparation of acetylene by
pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, especially with the removal of
carbon deposits from the arc region.
Subclass:
61
Indirect:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein the arc is between spaced electrodes, or between an
electrode and the crucible exterior and the material is
heated by radiation from the arc.
Subclass:
62
Arc between spaced electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter
the arc is between spaced electrodes and the material is
heated by radiation from the arc.
Subclass:
63
Charge fed into space:
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter
wherein the charge passes through the arc as it is added to
the furnace.
Subclass:
64
Wish arc deflection means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter
including means (usually a magnet) to deflect the arc from
its normal path.
Subclass:
65
Arc between electrode and crucible exterior:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter
wherein the arc is drawn between the electrode tip and the
exterior of the crucible.
Subclass:
66
Combined with or convertible to direct arc furnace:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter
including both direct and indirect arc heating, or which may
be changed from one to the other.
Subclass:
67
Ingot remelting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein the electrode is metal mass which is reheated to
liquification to form the charge of the furnace.
Subclass:
68
With internal atmosphere control (e.g., pressure, vacuum,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the environment within the remelting furnace is
regulated to have a specific pressure, a vacuum, or a
specific medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for other arc furnaces with internal atmosphere control.
110 for resistance furnaces with internal atmosphere
control.
140 for induction furnaces with internal atmosphere
control.
Subclass:
69
With electrode holder or guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
including means to support, or at least partially contain the
electrode, or means to direct the position, or movement of
the electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for glass furnace electrode holders.
50 and 52+, for electroslag electrode support and position
control arrangements.
Subclass:
70
With power regulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
including means to control the arc heating capability either,
by maintaining a desired electrical power input, or by
maintaining a desired arc length.
Subclass:
71
Furnace body detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
including details of the furnace structure.
Subclass:
72
Hearth or crucible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Subject matter
including the part of the furnace structure which holds the
molten material.
Subclass:
73
Roof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Subject matter
including a cover, or lid for the furnace.
Subclass:
74
With cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter
including a means to remove, or reduce heat from the roof.
Subclass:
75
Sidewall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Subject matter
including means forming the furnace sidewalls.
Subclass:
76
With cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter
including means to remove, or reduce heat from the sidewalls
of the furnace.
(1) Note. The cooling means may be intended to cool the
entire sidewall of the furnace, or for localized (hot spot)
cooling.
Subclass:
77
With internal atmosphere control (e.g., pressure, vacuum,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Subject matter
wherein the furnace body is sealed and means are provided to
increase the pressure within the furnace, or to create a
vacuum therein.
Subclass:
78
Plural furnace units:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein more than one complete furnace is provided in the
same general location for cooperative simultaneous, or
sequential operation.
(1) Note. The furnace unit may be movable from one heating
station to another, or the contents of one furnace may be
discharged from one furnace to another.
Subclass:
79
Charging or discharging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
including means to supply charge material to the furnace, or
means to let out the heated charge from the furnace.
Subclass:
80
With charge preheating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter
including means to heat the charge prior to heating the
charge within the furnace.
Subclass:
81
Top charging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter
including specific means to charge the furnace from the top.
(1) Note. This subclass includes furnaces having chutes for
charging extending through the roof as well as furnaces
having a movable roof to open the furnace for charging.
Subclass:
82
Through electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter
wherein the furnace is charged through a hollow electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 for hollow electrodes, per se.
Subclass:
83
Bottom pour:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter
wherein the hearth, or crucible includes means in its bottom,
or lowest point to discharge the molten charge of the
furnace.
Subclass:
84
Discharge by tilting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter
wherein the furnace is inclined to allow the discharge of its
molten charge contents.
Subclass:
85
For manipulation of the charge or melt (e.g., stirring):
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein means is provided to mix, agitate, or otherwise move
the furnace charge while it is within the furnaces.
(1) Note. Generally the charge is undergoing treatment
within the furnace as it is manipulated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for resistance furnace charge manipulation means.
146 for induction furnace charge manipulation means.
Subclass:
86
Mechanical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter
wherein the stirring device is mechanically operated.
Subclass:
87
Crust breaking device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter
for poking the top of the furnace charge to fracture
incrustation of the molten charge material.
Subclass:
88
Electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
including the structure, or composition of the electrode
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for hollow electrodes utilized for charging a furnace.
Subclass:
89
Self-baking (i.e., soderberg):
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter
wherein an electrode means is made in situ by adding raw
electrode material in the form of a paste to an electrode
casing above the furnace, forcing the paste down the casing
whereby it bakes into a solid electrode as it enters into the
furnace.
(1) Note. The baking is a result of the heat from within
furnaces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 327 for
self-baking electrode structures, per se.
Subclass:
90
Nonconsumable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter
wherein the electrode means remains substantially intact
during operation.
(1) Note. Generally these electrodes include internal water
cooling.
(2) Note. Carbon or graphite electrodes are excluded from
this subclass unless the carbon, or graphite forms only the
tip of the electrode.
Subclass:
91
Sectional:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter
including electrode segments joined together to form a
unitary electrode.
(1) Note. Generally the sections are joined end-to-end
utilizing screw and socket, or nipple and socket connection
techniques.
Subclass:
92
With means to join sections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
including means to connect the electrode segments.
Subclass:
93
Composite (e.g., water cooled body with carbon tip):
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter
wherein the electrode is composed of a water cooled top
section and a replaceable, usually carbon, bottom, or tip
portion.
Subclass:
94
Electrode support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
including structural means to support the electrode means
above the melt during operation of the furnace.
Subclass:
95
Seal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
including means to close off the interstices between the
electrode means and openings in the furnace roof, or sidewall
through which the electrode means extends to prevent the
escape of fumes, etc., from the furnace.
Subclass:
96
With electrode shield:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
including means surrounding the electrode to protect it as it
is suspended over the melt.
Subclass:
97
For soderbert electrode (i.e., casing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
including a casing means into which electrode material in the
form of a paste is fed and from which the baked electrode
emerges.
Subclass:
98
Mast:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
wherein the support system arrangements extends vertically,
adjacent the furnace body, and forms a support for the
electrode crosshead.
Subclass:
99
Crosshead:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter
which extend horizontally from the mast and have a clamp to
hold the electrode suspended over the melt.
Subclass:
100
Slipping holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
including holder, or support means to permit selective
slippage of a consumable electrode into the furnace.
Subclass:
101
With electrical contact or terminal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
including means to connect the electrode to the power supply
circuit.
Subclass:
102
Power supply system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
including means to provide electric power for the arc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 130.1 for details of power
supplies for electric heating arc devices.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
appropriate subclasses for systems for supplying electric
current to arc furnaces provided that the arc furnace is only
nominally disclosed.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 530+ for miscellaneous
circuits with specific source of supply or bias voltage.
Subclass:
103
Cable or cable suspension arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
including power cable construction, or hanging support
details.
Subclass:
104
With power regulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
including means to control the electrical power to the arc.
(1) Note. Where the power to the arc is regulated without
changing the arc length, the voltage is regulated by means of
an induction regulator, or by changing the forms of
connections used (i.e., top changing).
Subclass:
105
By changing arc length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter
wherein the arc power is regulated by changing the positions
of the arc electrodes relative to the charge or each other.
Subclass:
106
Using hydraulic or pneumatic device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
wherein the adjustment means includes a hydraulically, or
pneumatically operated means.
Subclass:
107
With magnetically influenced arc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
including magnetic means to rotate, deflect, or otherwise
effect change in the arc parameter.
Subclass:
108
D.C. power:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
wherein the electric power is supplied by direct current.
Subclass:
109
RESISTANCE FURNACE DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including electrical resistance means as the heating
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 and 5+, for resistance furnaces combined with other types
of furnaces.
subclasses 27+ for glass furnaces which are a species of
resistance furnaces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 50+ for resistance
heating of metal general; subclasses 200+ for resistance
heating devices used to heat nonmetals.
Subclass:
110
With internal atmosphere control (e.g., pressure, vacuum,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
wherein the environment within the furnace housing is
regulated to have a specific pressure, a vacuum, or a
specific medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for ingot remelting arc furnaces with internal atmosphere
control.
77 for arc furnace internal atmosphere control in general.
subclasses 140+ for induction furnace internal atmosphere
control.
Subclass:
111
Having tubular charge containing or supporting element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter
wherein the means holding, or holding up the charge has a
cylindrical shape.
Subclass:
112
Vacuum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter
wherein the environment within the furnace housing is
regulated to have a vacuum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for induction furnace apparatus to provide and maintain
a vacuum within the furnace.
Subclass:
113
For cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
including means for lowering the temperature of the
resistance furnace device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for electroslag furnace body cooling means.
74 and 76, for arc furnace roof and side wall cooling means
respectively.
154 158 and 160, for induction furnace cooling means in
coreless and core-type induction furnaces.
Subclass:
114
Terminal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
wherein the furnace device being cooled is the electrode
terminal.
Subclass:
115
Charging or discharging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
including devices for supplying the charge into the furnace,
or taking the charge out of the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for electron beam vaporizing furnace charging.
subclasses 33+ for glass furnace charging devices.
42 and 46+, for electroslag remelting furnace start-up
charging and alloying devices respectively.
63 for indirect arc furnaces where the charge is fed into
the space between the electrodes.
subclasses 67+ for arc furnace ingot remelting where
furnace electrodes constitute the charge material.
subclasses 79+ for arc furnace charging, per se.
subclasses 142+ for induction furnace charging, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclasses 267+ and 327+ for furnace solid
fuel feeders and subclasses 101+ for furnace fuel feeders,
per se.
222, Dispensing, subclasses 591+ for molten metal
dispensing.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 176+ for means to
supply a charge to a heating means.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 147+ for
charging a chamber utilized for a heating function.
Subclass:
116
For manipulation of the charge or melt (e.g., stirring):
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
including means to mix, agitate, or otherwise move the charge
within a furnace heating chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 85+ for arc furnaces with means to manipulate
the charge, or melt.
146 for induction furnaces with means to manipulate the
charge, or melt.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 200+ for various
means to manipulate charge, or melt material as it is being
metallurgically treated.
432, Heating, subclasses 103+ for nonelectric furnaces
where the charge, or melt material is heated in a rotary drum
structure; subclasses 120+ for other nonelectric furnaces
with charge, or melt manipulation means.
Subclass:
117
With heating element detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
including specific features of the electrical resistance
means.
(1) Note. These features include the shape, or composition
of the resistance, the mounting means for, or the terminal
means directly connected to the resistor, or the means
rendering the resistance electrically conductive.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 50+ for resistance
heating where the internal resistance of the work is the
heating element; appropriate subclasses under subclasses 200+
for details of electrical resistance heating elements of
general utility.
338, Electrical Resistors, appropriate subclasses for details
of electrical resistance heating elements, per se.
Subclass:
118
Resistance crucible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter
wherein the heating element is an electrically conductive
vessel for containing the charge of the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for electron beam furnace crucible construction.
subclasses 30+ for glass furnace crucible details.
subclasses 45+ for electroslag remelting furnace crucible
details.
subclasses 72+ for arc furnace crucible details.
subclasses 156+ and 163, for induction furnace crucible
details for coreless and core-type induction furnaces
respectively.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 726+ for details of
crucible structures which contain coating material during
vaporization.
164, Metal Founding, subclasses 335+ for metal molding
apparatus receptacles for holding, or dispensing molten
material.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 420+ for electric heating
devices combined with nominally disclosed crucible, or
furnace-type containers.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 167 and 275+ for
details, or crucibles used in the metallurgical treatment of
molten material.
432, Heating, subclasses 156+ and 262+ for details of
crucibles where the heating means is nonelectric.
Subclass:
119
Wall contained:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter
wherein the heating element is located within the wall of the
furnace.
Subclass:
120
Open circuit (e.g., charge internal resistance heating):
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter
wherein a molten material completes the circuit and the
internal resistance of the molten material is the heating
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for open circuit resistance furnaces with a condensating
device.
Subclass:
121
Salt bath heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter
wherein a salt is melted by passing electric current through
it and the charge is immersed in the salt and is heated by
conduction, with the salt performing the dual function of
resistance medium and heat-transfer medium.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 107 and 120 for
treatment of articles by immersion heating in a salt bath, or
other molten material.
Subclass:
122
Including crucible or hearth structure details:
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter
including structural details of the means which holds the
melt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for electron beam furnace crucible construction.
subclasses 30+ for glass furnace crucible details.
subclasses 72+ for arc furnace crucible details.
118 for crucible details in resistance furnaces where the
crucible is a resistance heating element.
subclasses 156+ and 163, for induction furnace crucible
details for coreless and core-type induction furnaces
respectively.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 726+ for details of
crucible structures which contain coating material during
vaporization.
164, Metal Founding, subclasses 335+ for metal molding
apparatus receptacles for holding, or dispensing molten
material.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 420+ for electric heating
devices combined with nominally disclosed crucible, or
furnace-type containers.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 167 and 275+ for
details of crucibles used in the metallurgical treatment of
molten material.
432, Heating, subclasses 156+ and 262+ for details of
crucibles where the heating means is nonelectric.
Subclass:
123
With preheating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter
including means to preheat the principal heating means of the
furnace to a temperature for rendering the heating means
electrically conductive.
Subclass:
124
Including starting resistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter
including a resistor which is the preheating means.
Subclass:
125
Including terminal detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter
including specific structural details of the connection point
between the charge, or melt and the electrical power supply.
Subclass:
126
With axial bore:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter
wherein the terminal has an axially hollow interior extending
therethrough.
Subclass:
127
Having resistance encasement means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter
including an enclosure for the resistance heating element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for electroslag remelting furnaces with protectively
shielded electrodes.
64 for arc electrodes with protective shields.
Subclass:
128
Mounting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter
with details of the means for attaching the heating element
to some other part of the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94 for arc furnace electrode support apparatus, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 536 and 542+ for heating
unit, or resistive element attaching, or securing means.
Subclass:
129
Base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter
wherein the heating element is attached to the base of the
furnace.
Subclass:
130
Side wall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter
wherein the heating element is attached to a vertical wall of
the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 424 for resistance heating
elements combined with a container for the material being
heated, where the resistance heating element either
surrounds, or is embedded within the walls of the container.
Subclass:
131
With resistor element compression:
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter
wherein the resistor element is subjected to pressure.
Subclass:
132
Nonmetallic resistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter
including a resistor heating element comprised of a material
which is metal free.
Subclass:
133
Rodlike:
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Subject matter
wherein the resistor heating element has the shape of an
elongated cylinder, or bar.
Subclass:
134
Including resistor shape detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter
including significant details of the shape of the resistor.
Subclass:
135
Control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
including circuitry for regulating the furnace operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for electron beam vaporizing furnace power supply and
control circuits.
25 for plasma furnaces control systems.
40 for glass furnace electrical system regulation.
subclasses 49+ for electroslag remelting furnaces with
power supply control.
70 and 104+, for arc furnace power regulation.
148 for induction furnace power supply regulation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 482+ for heating devices
with power supply and voltage, or current regulation, or
current control means.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
appropriate subclasses for systems for supplying electric
current to arc furnace provided that the arc furnace is only
nominally disclosed.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 365+ for miscellaneous
gating circuits, subclasses 509+ for miscellaneous externally
effected circuits, subclasses 518+ for miscellaneous control
circuits, and subclasses 538+ for miscellaneous bias circuits
with regulating.
Subclass:
136
Temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter
including means to control the temperature of the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclasses 501+ for
temperature responsive indicating systems.
Subclass:
137
Lining:
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
including covering means for the interior walls of the
furnaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for glass furnace wall composition.
75 for arc furnace side wall details.
155 and 164, for induction furnace linings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 301 for reactive
furnace linings.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 30 for processes of furnace lining
formation or repair.
432, Heating, subclass 248 and 264 for lining of furnaces of
general utility.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate subclasses for
specific lining compositions.
Subclass:
138
INDUCTION FURNACE DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including an induction coil to subject the charge to a
variable electromagnetic field for producing a heating
current by internal resistance losses in the charge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 513 for high frequency
induction heating coils combined with metal casting devices.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 600+ for inductive
heating, subclasses 678+ for microwave heating, and
subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric heating.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 129 for
inductance-type heat treatment means.
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for inductive
devices, per se.
Subclass:
139
Zone melting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
wherein a narrow portion of a solid charge is liquified by
the heating means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for electron beam furnace zone melting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 10.11 for processes of
zone melting of metal.
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, subclasses 37+
for processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal of
all types of materials, including by zone melting, and
subclasses 219+ for non-coating apparatus for growing
therein-defined single-crystal of all types of materials,
including by zone melting means.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 250.1 for
non-coating crystallizing apparatus which includes means for
zone melting, not including means for chemical reaction, and
not provided for elsewhere.
Subclass:
140
With internal atmosphere control (e.g., pressure, vacuum,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
including means to regulate the surrounding conditions of the
charge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 and 77, for arc furnaces with internal atmosphere
control.
110 for resistance furnaces with internal atmosphere
control.
Subclass:
141
Vacuum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter
wherein the atmosphere is an enclosed space from which air,
or other gases have been removed.
Subclass:
142
For charging or discharging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
including means to supply charge material to the furnace, or
means to let out the heated charge from the furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for electron beam vaporizing furnace charging means.
33 for glass furnace charging devices.
42 and 46+, for electroslag remelting furnace start up
charging and alloying devices respectively.
63 for indirect arc furnaces where the charge is fed into
the space between the electrodes.
67 for arc furnace ingot remelting where furnace electrodes
constitute the charge material.
79 for arc furnace charging, per se.
115 for resistance furnace charging, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclasses 267+ and 327+ for furnace solid
fuel feeders and subclasses 101+ for furnace fuel feeders,
per se.
222, Dispensing, subclasses 591+ for molten metal
dispensing.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 176+ for means to
supply a charge to a heating means.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 147+ for
charging a chamber utilized for a heating function.
Subclass:
143
By tilting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter
wherein the furnace, or a portion thereof is inclined from
its vertical position to either charge, or discharge the
furnace.
Subclass:
144
Having plural heating elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
including more than one inductive heating means for a single
furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 1+ for furnaces having plural diverse heating
means.
Subclass:
145
Having condition signaling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
including means for monitoring and indicating a
characteristic of the furnace operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclasses 500+ for
condition responsive indicating systems, per se.
Subclass:
146
With means for manipulation of the charge or melt (e.g.,
stirring):
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
including means to mix, agitate, or otherwise move the charge
within a furnace heating chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 85+ for arc furnaces with means to manipulate
the charge, or melt.
116 for resistance furnaces with means to manipulate the
charge, or melt.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 200+ for various
means to manipulate charge, or melt material as it is being
metallurgically treated.
432, Heating, subclasses 103+ for nonelectric furnaces
where the charge, or melt material is heated in a rotary drum
structure; subclasses 120+ for other nonelectric furnaces
with charge, or melt manipulation means.
Subclass:
147
Power supply system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
including means to provide electrical current and voltage for
the induction furnace device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for electron beam vaporizing furnaces with power supply
and control circuitry.
47 for electroslag remelting furnace power supply systems.
102 for arc furnace power supply systems.
Subclass:
148
Regulating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter
including means to control the power supplied to the furnace
device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for electron beam vaporizing furnace power supply and
control circuits.
25 for plasma furnace control systems.
40 for glass furnace electrical system regulation.
subclasses 49+ for electroslag, remelting furnaces with
power supply control.
70 and 104+, for arc furnace power regulation.
135 for resistance furnaces with control circuitry.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 482+ for heating devices
with power supply and voltage, or current regulation or
current control means.
Subclass:
149
For furnace regulating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
including means to control the operation of the furnace.
Subclass:
150
Electrical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
wherein the control means is electrically actuated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
148 for induction furnace power supply regulation.
Subclass:
151
Coreless:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
wherein the induced current is produced without using a
magnetic-core material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 159+ for core-type induction furnace apparatus.
Subclass:
152
Coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter
wherein the induced current is produced by wrapping a current
carrying wire around the charge, or around means intermediate
the charge and the wire.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 160+ for core-type induction furnace coil
details; and core-type induction furnace coil compositions.
Subclass:
153
Support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter
including means to hold, or maintain the coil in a particular
configuration with respect to the furnace.
Subclass:
154
Cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter
including means to reduce heat generated in the coil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158 for other coreless induction furnace cooling
arrangements.
160 and 165, for core-type induction furnace coil cooling
and cooling, per se, details respectively.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 55+ for modifying the
temperature of inductive devices, per se.
Subclass:
155
Lining:
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter
including material covering the interior surface of the
crucible, or furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 30+ for glass furnace body details.
subclasses 44+ for electroslag remelting furnace body
details.
subclasses 71+ for arc furnace body details.
137 for resistance furnace lining details.
162 and 164, for lining details of core-type induction
furnace channels, crucibles, or furnace bodies.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 301 for reactive
furnace linings.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 30 for processes of furnace lining
formation or repair.
432, Heating, subclass 248 and 264 for linings of furnaces
of general utility.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate subclasses for
specific lining compositions.
Subclass:
156
Crucible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter
including means to contain the charge while the charge is
being heated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for electron beam furnace crucible construction.
subclasses 30+ for glass furnace crucible details.
subclasses 72+ for arc furnace crucible details.
118 for crucible details in resistance furnaces where the
crucible is a resistance heating element.
163 for core-type induction furnace crucible details.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 726+ for details of
crucible structures which contain coating material during
vaporization.
164, Metal Founding, subclasses 335+ for metal molding
apparatus receptacles for holding, or dispensing molten
material.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 420+ for electric heating
devices combined with nominally disclosed crucible, or
furnace-type containers.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 167 and 275+ for
details of crucibles used in the metallurgical treatment of
molten material.
432, Heating, subclasses 156+ and 262+ for details of
crucibles where the heating means is nonelectric.
Subclass:
157
Conducting (e.g., graphite):
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter
wherein the crucible is constructed of material which allows
the flow of electric current.
Subclass:
158
Cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter
including means to reduce heat generated by the coreless
furnace device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for coreless induction furnace coil cooling details.
160 and 165, for core-type induction furnace coil cooling
and cooling details, respectively.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for
cooling furnaces having specified treatment apparatus.
336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 55+ for modifying the
temperature of inductive devices, per se.
432, Heating, appropriate subclasses for cooling nonelectric,
or nonspecified furnace apparatus.
Subclass:
159
Core-type (i.e., channel):
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
wherein the induced current is produced using a magnetic-core
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 151+ for coreless induction furnace apparatus.
Subclass:
160
Coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter
wherein the induced current is produced by wrapping a current
wire around the charge, or around means intermediate the
charge and the wire.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for coreless induction furnace coil details, and
coreless induction furnace coil compositions.
154 and 158, for coreless induction furnace coil cooling and
cooling, per se, details, respectively.
165 for other core-type induction furnace cooling
arrangements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 55+ for modifying the
temperature of inductive devices, per se.
Subclass:
161
Channel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter
including details of the charge channel structure, or
composition.
Subclass:
162
Lining:
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter
including material covering the interior surface of the
channel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 30+ for glass furnace body details.
subclasses 44+ for electroslag remelting furnace body
details.
subclasses 71+ for arc furnace body details.
137 for resistance furnace lining details.
164 for lining details of core-type induction furnace
crucibles, or furnace bodies.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 301 for reactive
furnace linings.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 30 for processes of furnace lining
formation or repair.
432, Heating, subclass 248 and 264 for linings of furnaces
of general utility.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate subclasses for
particular lining compositions.
Subclass:
163
Crucible or hearth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter
including means to contain the charge while the charge is
being heated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for electron beam furnace crucible construction.
subclasses 30+ for glass furnace crucible details.
subclasses 72+ for arc furnace crucible details.
118 for crucible details in resistance furnaces where the
crucible is a resistance heating element.
subclasses 156+ for coreless induction furnace crucible
details.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 726+ for details of
crucible structures which contain coating material during
vaporization.
164, Metal Founding, subclasses 335+ for metal molding
apparatus receptacles for holding, or dispensing molten
material.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 420+ for electric heating
devices combined with nominally disclosed crucible, or
furnace-type containers.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 167 and 275+ for
details of crucible used in the metallurgical treatment of
molten material.
432, Heating, subclasses 156+ and 262+ for details of
crucibles where the heating means is nonelectric.
Subclass:
164
Lining:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter
including material covering the interior surface of the
crucible.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 30+ for glass furnace body details.
subclasses 44+ for electroslag remelting furnace body
details.
subclasses 71+ for arc furnace body details.
137 for resistance furnace lining details.
162 for lining details of core-type induction furnace
channels.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 301 for reactive
furnace linings.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 30 for processes of furnace lining
formation, or repair.
432, Heating, subclass 248 and 264 for linings of furnaces
of general utility.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate subclasses for
specific lining compositions.
Subclass:
165
Cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter
including means to reduce heat generated by the core-type
furnace device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for coreless induction furnace coil cooling details.
160 for core-type induction furnace coil cooling details.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for
cooling furnaces having specified treatment apparatus.
336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 55+ for modifying the
temperature of inductive devices, per se.
432, Heating, appropriate subclasses for cooling nonelectric,
or nonspecified furnace apparatus.
Subclass:
166
MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including electric furnace device details not provided
for in the other subclasses of this class.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000