U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 323
ELECTRICITY: POWER SUPPLY OR REGULATION SYSTEMS
Class Definition:
GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
1. Class Scope
This is the generic class for electrical systems wherein a
single electrical source is coupled to a single electrical
load circuit and means are provided which control the
magnitude or level of the current or voltage of either or
both of said circuits and/or the phase angle between the
current or voltage of either or both of said circuits.
This is also the generic class for transformer systems, see
TRANSFORMER SYSTEMS below.
This is also the generic class for impedance systems, see
IMPEDANCE SYSTEMS, below.
2. Voltage Magnitude and Phase Control Systems
In order to be classified in this class, the system must
operate to control only (1) the magnitude of the current or
voltage and/or (2) the phase angle between the current and
voltage of an electric circuit. Where the system operates to
perform some other additional function, classification is not
herein. For a partial list of the classes which provide for
such excluded systems, see the classes listed in the class
definition, under "SEARCH CLASS."
3. Load in Output Circuit
This class provides for voltage and/or current magnitude and
phase control systems as defined in Class Scope and Voltage
Magnitude and Phase Control Systems, above, even though the
electric load in the output circuit is recited by its
characteristics (e.g., "an inductive load", a load having a
negative current-resistance characteristic, etc.).
Systems wherein a particular load device is recited in the
output circuit are classified with the particular art even
though the load device is recited by name only (e.g., "a
motor", "an electric furnace", etc.). For a partial list of
such art systems, see classes listed in the class definition,
under "SEARCH CLASS."
This class does not provide for systems having plural load
circuits whether the plural load circuits are in different
output circuits (see Voltage Magnitude and Phase Control
Systems Having Plural Input and/or Plural Output Circuits
below) or in the same circuit, except where the plural loads
in a single output circuit are similar type loads that are
not excluded by the paragraph above. Therefore, if there are
a plurality of diverse loads in the same output circuit even
though recited only by their characteristics (e.g., a highly
inductive load and a low inductive load), then the system is
excluded from this class.
4. Voltage Magnitude and Phase Control Systems Having Plural
Input and/or Plural Output Circuits
This class excludes systems having a plurality of either
electrical source (input) circuits or output circuits. Where
the system including the plurality of input and/or output
circuits comprises or is part of an art device,
classification is with the art device. See References to
Other Classes, below.
5. Regulating or Control Device Structure
This class provides for the electrical system as
distinguished from the structure of the devices which may be
used in or as part of the system. For the structure of such
regulating and control devices, see the class definition,
under "SEARCH CLASS."
SYSTEMS HAVING PLURAL DIVERSE TYPE MEANS USED FOR CONTROL
PURPOSES
Where the system includes a plurality of different types of
devices which form the basis of the principal subdivision of
the class, that is, a dynamoelectric system, and/or an
electronic tube, and/or a transformer, and/or an impedance,
the original classification is in the first occurring (lowest
numbered) subclass which has a definition that will include
one or more of such types of devices.
DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINES
This class provides for voltage and/or current magnitude
and/or phase control systems as defined in GENERAL STATEMENT
OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER above, where the means interposed
between the source circuit and the load circuit for
controlling the voltage and/or current magnitude and/or phase
includes a dynamoelectric machine, excepting the following:
1. Motor-Generator Sets
This class does not take those systems wherein an electrical
source energizes an electric motor which drives a generator
whose output supplies an electric load circuit. This
organization is considered to be an electric motor driven
generator system classified elsewhere. See References to
Other Classes, below)"SEARCH CLASS" reference to single
generator systems,
2. Dynamoelectric Machine Conversion Systems
This class does not take dynamoelectric machine conversion
systems wherein the input electrical energy is converted into
output electrical energy whose character differs from the
input energy. For a partial list of such systems, see
classes listed in the class definition, under "SEARCH
CLASS."
ELECTRONIC TUBE SYSTEMS
This class provides for voltage and/or current magnitude
control systems as defined in the class definition where the
means interposed between the electrical source circuit and
the load circuit for controlling the voltage and/or current
magnitude includes an electronic tube. An electronic tube
may be a vacuum tube, a gas tube, a vapor tube, or an open
gap.
Where the electronic tube system operates to perform any
function not provided for in this class, or any function in
addition to the functions provided for by this class (e.g.,
rectification, phase conversion, frequency conversion),
classification is not herein. For a partial list of such
systems, see classes listed in the class definition, under
"SEARCH CLASS."
See Lines With Other Classes, below, for the line between
this class and other classes providing for electronic tube
systems.
TAP-CHANGING SYSTEMS
This is the generic class for tap-changing systems, that is,
systems for changing by electric switch means the connection
of a circuit from one point to another point on a winding or
for changing by electric switch means one value of impedance
to another value of impedance of a system.
Where the tap-changing system is applied to a particular art,
classification is with the art device, e.g., a tap-changing
system for changing the connection of a generator armature
circuit from one point on the generator field winding to
another point on the field winding is classified elsewhere
(see References to Other Classes, below).
This class also provides for tap changing wherein a
tap-changing system is part of a significant system for which
provision is made in the class, (e.g., see Subclasses
References to the Current Class, below.)
Usually, but not necessarily, the current flowing to or from
the circuit from or to the winding or impedance is not
interrupted during the tap-changing operation.
TRANSFORMER SYSTEMS
This class takes subject matter under the class definition,
wherein the means interposed between the electrical source
and the electrical load circuit for controlling the voltage
and/or current magnitude and/or phase comprises a
transformer. Systems within the class definition are included
herein even though the transformer is recited by name only.
This is the generic class for transformer systems, that is,
systems in which a transformer supplies an output circuit, or
in which a load device not otherwise classified is supplied
with electricity by a transformer.
This class will therefore take any system of supply to a
transformer if no other class provides for the subject matter
claimed. Many classes have systems specialized for the
purposes of such class with a transformer system as a part of
the combination.
This class excludes systems where a plurality of electrical
source circuits are coupled to one or more output circuits,
or where a plurality of output circuits are coupled to one or
more source circuits.
This excludes systems where a plurality of distinct
transformers which are coupled to a single source have their
outputs coupled in current and/or voltage adding or
subtracting relation. Likewise, systems having a single
transformer with plural primary windings are excluded if the
connection of the primary windings to the source is diverse;
that is, if one primary winding circuit contains different
circuit elements or has different circuit characteristics
than another. Likewise, systems having a single transformer
with plural secondaries connected to supply output circuits
are excluded from this class.
1. Polyphase Systems
Although this class excludes systems wherein a plurality of
electrical source circuits are coupled to one or more output
circuits, systems wherein the energy of a single polyphase
source is transferred by a polyphase transformer to a single
polyphase output circuit having the same number of phases as
the input circuit for energizing a single polyphase load
circuit are considered to be systems having a single source
and a single load circuit within the definition of this
class.
2. Tuning Systems and Coupling Systems Involving Frequency
Characteristics
This class excludes tuning systems wherein the combination of
transformer and impedance is used to control the resonant
characteristics of the system with respect to a particular
impressed frequency. For systems having the combination of a
transformer and capacitance element connected in such a
manner as to form a variable tuned circuit, the mean resonant
frequency of which is adjustable, see the reference to Tuners
under "SEARCH CLASS" below.
This class excludes coupling systems which are effective over
predetermined frequency ranges or wherein frequency
characteristics are controlled or varied. For such systems,
see Wave Transmission Lines and Networks in "SEARCH CLASS"
below.
IMPEDANCE SYSTEMS
This class takes subject matter under the Class Definition
wherein the means interposed between the electrical source
and the electrical load circuit for controlling the voltage
and/or current magnitude and/or phase consists of one or more
impedances.
This is the generic class for impedance systems, that is,
systems in which there is an impedance between a single
source and single output circuit, or in which a load device
per the GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER, "Load in
Output Circuit," above, combined with an impedance in the
single circuit supplying the same. Many other classes provide
for systems where the output of the system is defined as
having an impedance connected in the output.
1. Turning Systems and Coupling Systems Involving Frequency
Characteristics
This class excludes tuning systems where the impedance means
is used to control the resonant characteristics of the system
with respect to a particular impressed frequency and coupling
systems using impedances which are effective over a
predetermined frequency range or where frequency
characteristics are controlled or varied. For the excluded
systems, see the reference to: Wave Transmission Lines and
Networks; and Tuners, under "SEARCH CLASS" below.
VOLTAGE MAGNITUDE CONTROL SYSTEMS INVOLVING CIRCUIT
INTERRUPTION
This class takes those systems wherein the voltage, current,
or power are regulated or controlled by the interruption of
the circuit carrying the load current except where a claimed
load would cause classification elsewhere.
CONVERSION SYSTEMS
This class excludes systems where the input energy is
converted into output energy whose characteristics differ
from the input energy, such as converting direct current to
alternating current or vice versa, changing the number of
phases of polyphase current, or changing the frequency.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
CLASSES FOR ELECTRONIC TUBE SYSTEMS
The lines between this class (323) and Class 327,
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits,
and Systems, appropriate subclasses, and Class 315, Electric
Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, are as follows:
Class 315 provides for systems which include a gas vapor type
electronic tube and means for supplying electric current
and/or potential to the tube where the tube is the sole
ultimate load device and where the result of the system is to
merely cause a discharge to take place or to merely regulate
the discharge in the tube. Also included in subclass 94 of
Class 315 are systems for merely supplying heating current to
the cathode or cathode heater of any type of electronic tube,
which systems may also include the anode supply for the tube
without being excluded from the class. Merely claiming an
output circuit does not exclude the system from Class 315 as
long as no load device in the output circuit is claimed, or
as long as no other circuit elements which limit the system
to use in supplying current and/or potential to another load
device are claimed. The limitations on Class 315 will
therefore not exclude a system from Class 315 where the
operation of the discharge device is controlled so as to
maintain the discharge voltage and/or current at a
predetermined value or to vary the discharge current and/or
voltage from one value to another even though such regulation
of the discharge device results in regulating the current
and/or voltage in the output circuit.
Class 323 provides for systems where the sole function of the
electronic tube system is to control the magnitude of the
electric current and/or voltage supplied to a circuit, either
to maintain the current and/or voltage at a predetermined
value or to vary the current and/or voltage at a
predetermined value or to vary the current and/or voltage
from one value to another.
Class 327 is a miscellaneous place to classify electronic
tube systems, and as among these three classes takes any such
system excluded from the other classes. In Class 327 will be
found miscellaneous systems including an electronic tube and
having means for supplying current and/or potential to the
electronic tube (power supply systems). Among the other
types of electronic tube systems classified in Class 327 are
wave shaping systems, plus producing systems and switching
systems (electronic tubes utilized to connect an input
circuit to an output circuit in the manner of a circuit maker
or breaker).
In general, for electronic tube systems as among these three
classes, classification is determined as follows: If
restricted to the functions provided for under Class 323,
classification is therein unless it is of the special type
provided for in Class 315. If the system involves some
function not provided for by Class 323, classification is in
Class 327, appropriate subclasses, unless it is for a special
type provided for in Class 315.
GENERAL NOTE
Subclasses 201 through 371 and 901-911 are the result of a
reclassification of the subject matter originally contained
in subclasses 1-129, now abolished, of Class 323. In this
reclassification, no substantive change has been made in the
class definition or the scope of subject matter covered in
this class. The reclassification was done for the purpose of
rearranging that subject matter in a manner which facilitates
efficient searching of the more modern technology and which
more obviously delineates the miscellaneous transformer and
impedance systems from the control systems. As a result of
the delineation noted above, many of the cross-references
which were present in the earlier subclasses have been
eliminated. Appropriate search notes have been placed
throughout the definitions as a guide to other areas
containing similar subject matter and as a caution against
burdensome cross-referencing between the similar areas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
255 340, for transformer systems with tap changing.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, subclass 43 for space induction telegraph
systems (i.e., using spaced transformer coils to transmit the
signals by induction); and subclass 64 for telegraph systems
using line conductors for the signal transmission and having
an induction coil or transformer for coupling the signal
current in the local circuit to the main line, or for
coupling sections of the main line together.
191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, subclass 10 for
space-induction systems for supplying electrical energy to a
moving body. These systems usually include a transformer
primary along the path to be followed by the body and a
secondary mounted upon the moving body.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 193
for systems for supplying electrolytic and other electrical
and wave energy chemical apparatus with electric current,
including current and/or voltage magnitude and/or phase
control means. Some of the systems in Class 204 are designed
to supply a constant current to the electrical or wave energy
chemical apparatus.
219, Electric Heating, appropriate subclasses for electric
heating systems which include current and/or voltage
magnitude and/or phase control means; see subclasses 600+
for inductive heating, subclasses 678+ for microwave heating,
and subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric heating; see
subclass 108 for transformer-supplied heating systems; note
especially subclass 116 where the device to be heated forms
the secondary of the transformer; see subclass 130.1 for
electric welding and heating systems involving an electric
arc as a load which requires substantially constant current
energization; and see subclass 482 for the miscellaneous
systems for supplying electric current to electrical heating
elements.
246, Railway Switches and Signals, subclass 8, 63, and 194
for railway switch and signaling systems using spaced
inductive means (e.g., transformer coils) to transmit the
signal energy by space induction.
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants. Current and/or voltage
magnitude control systems are found throughout the class as
electrical controls for generator systems having a
nonelectric prime mover.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, is
the generic class for electric circuit networks of general
application and takes systems not otherwise classified,
wherein a plurality of circuits are coupled to one or more
circuits. The systems may include space discharge devices,
transformers, or impedances as coupling means or phase
control means. subclass 11 provides for systems having a
plurality of output circuits; subclass 43 provides for a
plurality of input circuits or sources; and subclass 96
provides for intermittent regulatory interruption of the
system. (see the Class Definitions, "Voltage Magnitude and
Phase Control Systems Having Plural Input and/or Plural
Output Circuits" above)
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate
subclasses for the structure of dynamoelectric converters,
generators, dynamotors, metadynes, balancer sets, motors, and
synchronous condensers.
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses for systems for supplying
electric current to arc lamps and other consumable electrode
type discharge devices which systems include current or
voltage magnitude control means. Some of the systems in
Class 314 are constant current systems. See subclass 32 for
such systems with a transformer in the supply circuit;
subclass 64 for electronic tub controlled systems for
controlling the feeding of consumable electrode; and subclass
135 for miscellaneous systems with current or voltage
regulations.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, provides
for some systems which are closely analogous to the systems
in this class (323). See ELECTRONIC TUBE SYSTEMS (second
paragraph), above for the line between Class 315 and Class
323. subclass 1 is the generic subclass for systems for
supplying current and/or potentials to a cathode-ray tube;
subclass 32 provides for the structure of electronic tubes
which have combined therewith a circuit element, such as an
impedance (see subclass 57 for electronic tubes which have a
transformer structurally combined therewith); and subclass 58
and the subclasses specified in the search notes thereto
provide for electronic tubes which have an impedance combined
therewith; subclass 70 provides for the structural
combination of an electric lamp and a transformer; subclasses
76 to 363 are the generic subclasses for systems for
supplying electric current or potential to an electric lamp
or a gas or vapor filled electronic tube for merely causing a
discharge to take place within the electronic tube or for
regulating the discharge within the tube; subclass 94 is the
generic subclass for supplying heating current to the cathode
or cathode heater of an electronic tube of any type; subclass
194 provides for systems for regulating the control current
of potential applied to the control element of an electronic
tube of the gas or vapor filled type by means of phase
shifting means; subclass 276 and the subclasses specified in
the notes to the definitions thereof provide for systems
having transformers in the supply circuit; subclass 291 and
the subclasses specified in the notes to the definition
thereof provide for regulation systems within the class
definition; and subclass 354 and the subclasses specified in
the notes to the definition thereof provide for systems
having a transformer in the control circuit.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, provide for systems
for supplying electricity to one or more motors, which
systems include current and/or voltage magnitude and/or phase
control systems. For motors systems having means for
regulating the motor to maintain the motor current at a
predetermined value, see subclass 432 which relates to
constant motor current control and subclass 434 which relates
to motor current limitation. For motor systems which include
electric space discharge device systems for current and/or
voltage magnitude control, see subclass 767 for induction
motor circuit control by means of electric space discharge
devices in the motor primary circuit; subclass 818 for
induction motor circuit control by means of electric space
discharge devices in the motor secondary circuit; subclass
505 for electric motor armature or primary circuit control by
means of electric space discharge devices; and subclass 532
for electric motor field or secondary circuit control by
means of electric space discharge device. For motor systems
which include a transformer, and subclass 504 for motor
armature voltage control by means of transformers. For motor
systems which include an impedance, see the appropriate
subclasses, see subclass 508 and the subclasses specified in
the notes to the definition of that subclass for
impedance-controlled armature or primary circuits; and
subclass 533 and the subclasses specified in the notes to the
definition of those subclasses for impedance-controlled field
or secondary circuits. For motor systems which include phase
control means, see subclass 700 for synchronous motor systems
which often are used for phase control in addition to driving
a mechanical load. Note subclass 438 which provides for
power factor control of the armature or line circuit of a
motor.
320, Electricity: Battery and Condenser Charging and
Discharging, subclass 1 for condenser charging and
discharging systems; and subclass 2 for battery charging and
discharging systems which include current and/or voltage
magnitude control means.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, appropriate
subclasses for single generator systems having current or
voltage magnitude and/or phase control means. Practically
every generator system is a current and/or voltage magnitude
control system, and the controls therefor are analogous to
the controls for other voltage magnitude control systems.
See the class definition for Class 323 for the classification
of motor-generator systems. Class 322 provides for systems
having an impedance or a transformer recited by name only in
the output circuit of the generator even though the impedance
or transformer does not control the generator. See subclass
16 and 39 for electric motor driven generator systems;
subclass 28 for systems wherein an electric generator
supplies a load circuit and the generator is controlled in
response to the output current to maintain output current
constant; and subclass 71 for generator systems having tapped
field windings, see the Class Definition, "Dynamo-Electric
Systems: Motor-Generator Sets" and "Tap-Changing Systems").
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for
miscellaneous nonlinear electrical circuitry.
330, Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for amplifiers of
general application wherein the output signal waveform is a
substantial replica of the input signal waveform: for
transistors amplifiers, search subclass 250 ; for transistor
amplifiers with special power supply means, search subclasses
296 and 297; for saturable reactor amplifiers; for power
supply control for series arranged transistors, search
subclass 296 and subclass 70 for series arranged vacuum tube
amplifiers; for power supply control and power supply
circuits, search subclasses 96, 123, and 127; and for power
supply circuits, per se, search subclass 199; for thermal
impedances, search subclass 143; and for controlled
impedance, search subclass 144.
331, Oscillators, appropriate subclasses for oscillator
systems with transformer or impedance in the output circuit,
particularly subclass 74 for oscillators combined with a
particular output coupling network. See also subclass 186 of
Class 331 for oscillators provided with a particular
regulated source of power or bias.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, provides for
coupling networks which have attenuation and/or delay
characteristics over a frequency range for attenuating and/or
delaying in a predetermined manner wave energy passing
therethrough, including equalizers, delay networks, and
filters. This class also provides for passive networks which
modify the amplitude characteristics of the wave energy
passing therethrough, namely, differentiating or integrating
systems, wave shaping systems, and attenuators. See subclass
1 for coupling, differentiating or integrating, wave
shaping, and attenuating networks in plural channel systems;
subclass 19 for differentiating or integrating systems of the
passive type; subclass 20 for wave shaping systems of the
passive type; subclass 24 for coupling networks; subclass 28
for equalizers with attenuation or attenuation and phase
distortion characteristics over a frequency range; and
subclass 81 for attenuators which reduce the intensity of the
energy passing therethrough by dissipation, while maintaining
substantially constant input and/or output impedance
therein.
334, Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for
use in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and
capacitance elements in circuit arrangement to form a
resonant circuit and in which structure is provided for
adjusting one or both of these elements for changing the
means resonant frequency of the circuit. Note especially
subclass 59 and 61 for tuned networks where a transformer
may be used in the resonant system.
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for the
structure of transformers and inductive reactors.
338, Electrical Resistors, appropriate subclasses for
electrical resistor and rheostat structure.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
139 for miscellaneous systems for supplying current to an
electromagnet, some of those systems being closely analogous
to the systems in this class (323). If the ultimate load in
the system is an electromagnet, then classification is in
Class 361. Search subclass 271 for condensers.
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 1 for
combined or plural conversion systems; subclass 13 for
rectifying or derectifying systems (particularly subclass 50
for such systems provided with protective means; subclass 74
for such systems having automatic voltage and/or current
magnitude control; subclass 83 for such systems having line
circuit control by an electronic tube; subclass 111 for such
systems where the converter is an electronic tube); subclass
151 for phase conversion systems wherein the converter
includes an electronic tube; and subclass 166 for frequency
conversion systems wherein the converter includes an
electronic tube.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, appropriate
subclasses for electric furnace control systems which include
current or voltage magnitude control means and/or phase
control means. Class 373 includes transformer supplied and
transformer-controlled electric furnaces, and impedance
controlled electric furnaces.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 101, for
X-ray systems which include power supplies and regulators.
379, Telephonic Communications, subclass 55 for telephone
systems using spaced transformer inductive means (e.g.,
transformer coils) to transmit the signal by space
induction.
388, Electricity: Motor Control Systems, art collections 913
for motor control systems including a space discharge
device.
399, Electrophotography, subclass 37 for diagnostics of
power supplied to an electrophotos:graphic device, subclasses
88+ for machine operations with power supply, and subclasses
168+ for charging a photoconductive member.
455, Telecommunications, provides for radio receiving and
transmitting systems in combination with their power
supplies, which power supplies may include voltage magnitude
and/or phase control means.
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, subclasses 150+ for high temperature
(T[subscrpt]c[end subscrpt] 30 K) superconducting devices,
and particularly subclasses 166+ for motors or generators, or
211+ for electrical energy storage devices, inductors,
transformers, magnetic switches, etc.
600, Surgery, subclasses 9+ for magnetic fields applied to
the body for therapeutic purposes.
GLOSSARY:
AUTOMATIC CONTROL
Includes means for sensing the existence of, the magnitude or
level of, or a deviation of a predetermined condition (e.g.,
the existence, magnitude of change of temperature, voltage,
etc.) combined with means for initiating the operation of a
control means to perform a control function on the system
upon the occurrence of the predetermined condition.
CONTROL
Includes either the maintenance of a condition at a
predetermined value or the variation of a condition from one
value to another.
ELECTRICAL SOURCE CIRCUIT
The input terminals which are to be connected to a source of
electrical energy.
ELECTRONIC TUBE
An apparatus which is intended to have an electric current
flow between two spaced electrodes, at least part of the
current path being constituted by a gas, vapor, or vacuum,
"Electronic Tube" is used as the name for an electric space
discharge device in this class. Included are discharge
devices which operate in the open, i.e., not in an enclosed
envelope.
FINAL CONTROL DEVICE
That element or group of elements which ultimately produces
the controlled output of a system. This excludes any
condition sensors or control signal processing circuitry.
IMPEDANCE
Includes an inductance, a capacitance, or a resistance or any
combination thereof and excluding any source of electric
energy. Inductances are usually grouped with transformers in
the subclasses that follow.
INPUT CIRCUIT
Is the same as electrical source circuit.
LOAD CIRCUIT
The output terminals which are to be connected to a device
which is to be supplied with electrical energy.
MAGNITUDE OR LEVEL CONTROL
Includes controlling either the amplitude of the current or
voltage or controlling the average or effective value of the
current or voltage, even through the amplitude is not
controlled.
OUTPUT CIRCUIT
Is the same as load circuit.
PHASE CONTROL
Includes the maintenance of a predetermined value of or the
predetermined variation of the value of the phase angle
between the current and voltage of a circuit or of the phase
angle of the current or voltage of a circuit with respect to
itself or to the current or voltage of another circuit.
THREE OR MORE TERMINAL SEMICONDUCTIVE DEVICES
A transistor, semiconductor-controlled rectifier or other
such controllable solid-state device.
TRANSFORMER
An electrical device which transfers electric energy from one
circuit to another circuit at the same frequency solely by
electromagnetic induction.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
201
INCLUDING A DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a dynamoelectric machine as the final
control device within a power supply or regulation system.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include those systems
wherein the electrical source energizes an electric motor
which drives a generator whose output supplies a load
circuit. This organization is considered to be an electric
motor-driven generator system (see the Search Notes below)
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, see subclass 16
for electric motor-driven generator systems having combined
control of the motor and generator; subclass 25 for electric
generator systems wherein the generator or the generator
driving means is controlled in response to the generator
current and voltage; subclass 27 for electric generator
systems wherein the generator or the generator driving means
is controlled in response to the generator current; and
subclass 39 for electric generator systems having control
means for the generator driving means.
Subclass:
202
Balancer sets:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter
wherein the controlling means comprises a plurality of
dynamoelectric machines electrically connected in series with
their rotors mechanically connected together.
(1) Note. Such plurality of dynamoelectric machines is
known in the art as a balancer set.
(2) Note. A common connection of the systems in this
subclass is with the plurality of dynamoelectric machines
connected in series across the source of supply and the load
circuit connected across a fewer number of dynamoelectric
machines.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 112
for plural dynamoelectric machines which are structurally
united, such as in a motor generator set.
Subclass:
203
With plural sets of slip rings or brushes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter
wherein the controlling means comprises a dynamoelectric
machine having a plurality of commutators or a plurality of
sets of brushes or a plurality of sets of slip rings.
(1) Note. A dynamotor (a machine which combines both motor
and generator action in one magnetic field, either with two
armatures or with one armature having two separate windings)
is an example of a dynamoelectric machine having plural
commutators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 127
for plural collector type dynamoelectric machines.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 53 for
single generator systems wherein the generator is of the
third brush type; and subclass 92 for single generator
systems wherein the generator is provided with at least two
sets of brushes cooperating with a single commutator and one
of the sets is short-circuited.
Subclass:
204
Condition responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter
wherein the dynamoelectric machine is controlled in response
to a condition of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 17 for
automatic control of generator or driving means.
Subclass:
205
FOR REACTIVE POWER CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter which includes the control, elimination, or
compensation for power having a difference in phase between
voltage and current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for systems which control the phase of voltage or
current within one circuit with respect to the phase of
voltage or current in a different circuit.
Subclass:
206
Using saturable inductor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
wherein the element which produces the compensation for the
difference in phase is an inductor having a controllably
saturable core.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
214 for saturable inductors used in phase shift systems.
249 for saturable transformers used in output level
responsive voltage or current regulators.
302 for saturable inductors used in input level responsive
voltage or current regulators.
310 for saturable transformers used in self-regulating
systems.
329 for saturable transformers used in external or operator
controlled regulators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for structural
features of inductor devices, per se.
Subclass:
207
Using converter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
including an A.C. to D.C.. to A.C. converter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 34 for A.C.
to D.C.. to A.C. converters, per se.
Subclass:
208
Using impedance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
wherein the element which produces the compensation for the
difference in phase is impedance (e.g., capacitive or
inductive).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for impedances used in phase shift systems.
233 293, 304, and 352, for impedances used in voltage or
current regulators.
Subclass:
209
Switched impedance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter
wherein the impedance is connected to the main power circuit
through a switch which is controllably operable.
Subclass:
210
Static switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Subject matter
where the switch is a controllable electronic tube or
semiconductive device.
Subclass:
211
Digitally controlled:
Subject matter under subclasses 210 wherein the circuitry
which controls the static switch contains logic elements
which process a signal having discrete states.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 283 and 322, for digital control of various voltage or
current regulators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
326, Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, appropriate
subclasses for digital logic devices.
Subclass:
212
FOR PHASE SHIFT OR CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to maintain a predetermined value or
deviation in the value of the phase angle between the voltage
or current of the output circuit with respect to a standard
or with respect to the voltage or current of the input
circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for systems which control the phase relationship between
voltage and current within the same circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 141+ for phase
synchronizing and subclasses 231+ for a phase shift of less
than an input signal period.
Subclass:
213
By splitting and combining:
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter
including means which develop multiple phases from a single
input and sums these phases in such proportion that a desired
resultant phase is produced.
Subclass:
214
Using saturable inductor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter
wherein the element which produces the shift in phase is an
inductor having a controllably saturable core.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
206 and the subclasses noted in the definition thereof for
saturable inductances used in other systems.
Subclass:
215
Using transformer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter
wherein the element which produces the shift in phase is a
transformer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 305 and 328, for transformers used in voltage or current
regulators.
355 for miscellaneous transformer systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, for transformers, per se.
Subclass:
216
With movable structure or winding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter
wherein the transformer includes at least one movable
element, the movement thereof producing the shift in phase.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 and 347, for transformers with movable elements used in
voltage or current regulators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 115 and 130 for transformers
with movable elements.
Subclass:
217
Using a three or more terminal semiconductive device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter
wherein the element which produces the shift in phase is a
transistor or semiconductor controlled rectifier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 265, 311, and 349, for solid-state devices used as final
control elements in voltage or current regulators.
Subclass:
218
Using impedance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter
wherein the device which produces the shift in phase includes
a capacitor, resistor, or inductor or combinations thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 and the subclasses noted in the definition thereof for
impedances used in other systems.
Subclass:
219
In bridge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Subject matter
wherein the impedance is connected in a bridge circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
365 for miscellaneous impedance systems including bridge
arrangements.
Subclass:
220
IN SHUNT WITH SOURCE OR LOAD:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a final control device which is in parallel
with the source circuit or the load circuit and functions to
controllably divert at least part of the source's energy away
from the load.
(1) Note. Transformers which function to controllably
couple a source to a load, although they may appear to be
connected in shunt with the source or load, are not
classified here since they do not function to divert energy.
(2) Note. Although not specifically included within each of
the following definitions, shunt regulators usually include:
(a) some means which produces a control signal which could be
indicative of the input, output, or some condition external
to the regulator, (b) some processing circuit which makes use
of the control signal, and (c) a final control device which
is controlled by the output of the processing circuit thus
producing a controlled output of the system.
Subclass:
221
Photo responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein the final control device or an element within its
control circuit is responsive to light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
902 for optical coupling between a semiconductive device and
another element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 200-239 for photocell
systems.
Subclass:
222
Using choke and switch across source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein an inductor is connected across a source through a
switch which is intermittently operated and it is the duty
cycle of the switch which determines the amount of energy
which is diverted from the load.
(1) Note. The switch may take the form of mechanically
operated contacts, a transistor, a SCR, a saturable reactor
or other such on-off type devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 for shunt regulators using inductors (usually saturable)
as the final control device.
282 and 351, for nonshunt switching regulators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 15 and 124
for D.C.. to A.C. to D.C.. converters.
Subclass:
223
Using a three or more terminal semiconductive device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein the final control device within the shunt circuit is
a transistor or semiconductor controlled rectifier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
265 311 and 349, for semiconductive devices as final control
devices in nonshunt regulators.
Subclass:
224
With additional series regulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter
wherein an additional stage of regulation is provided in the
form of a series regulator.
Subclass:
225
Plural devices:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter
wherein the shunt regulator is made up of more than one
semiconductive device acting as the final control device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
268 and 350, for plural final control devices in series
regulators.
Subclass:
226
Linearly acting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter
wherein the semiconductive device is operated within its
linear range.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
273 303 and 349, for series regulators which include linearly
acting final control devices.
Subclass:
227
Using electronic tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein the final control device within the shunt circuit is
an electric space discharge device.
Subclass:
228
With additional series regulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter
wherein an additional stage of regulation is provided in the
form of a series regulator.
Subclass:
229
Using diode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein the final control device within the shunt circuit is
a diode.
Subclass:
230
Inverse parallel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Subject matter
wherein a pair of diodes are connected in parallel but
opposite directions to act as the final control device.
Subclass:
231
Zener:
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Subject matter
wherein the diode is a zener diode.
Subclass:
232
Using inductor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein the final control device within the shunt circuit is
an inductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for shunt regulators using an inductor and a switch
across the source.
247 305 and 328, for inductors used in nonshunt regulators.
Subclass:
233
Using impedance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein the final control device within the shunt circuit is
an impedance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 and the subclasses noted in the definition thereof for
impedances used in other systems.
Subclass:
234
OUTPUT LEVEL RESPONSIVE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter which maintains an output at a desired level through
the use of means which responds to deviation in the output
level and produces a change in the output which is opposite
to the deviation.
(1) Note. Although not specifically included within each of
the following definitions, output level responsive systems
usually include (a) some means which produces a signal
indicative of a condition of the load which is dependent on
the output level of the system or the output level of the
system itself, (b) some processing circuit which makes use of
the signal mentioned above, and (c) a final control device
which is controlled by the output of the processing circuit
thus producing a controlled output of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 535+ for regulators of
this type which may have a semiconductive device as the
claimed load.
Subclass:
235
Zero switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the input is alternating current and the final
control device is a switch which is caused to change to its
conductive state at or about the zero axis crossing of the
input waveform.
(1) Note. Usually, the average power applied to the load is
controlled by varying the number of half or full cycles of
input waveform that is permitted to flow to the load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
319 for external or operator controlled systems of this
type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 451+ for semiconductor
controlled rectifiers which are involved in zero point
switching.
Subclass:
236
Nonelectrical condition sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Subject matter
wherein the means which responds to the output is a sensor
which measures a nonelectrical condition (such as heat) of
the system or its load, the condition being dependent upon
the output of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
245 for phase controlled switching devices with
nonelectrical condition sensors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 482 for power supply means
with nonelectrical condition sensing having a heating system
as the load.
Subclass:
237
Phase controlled switching using electronic tube or a three
or more terminal semiconductive device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the input is alternating current and the final
control device is an electronic tube or three or more
terminal semiconductive device which is caused to change to
its conductive state at a controllable point following the
zero axis crossing of the input waveform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
300 for input level responsive phase controlled switching
systems.
320 for external or operator controlled phase controlled
switching systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 447+ for semiconductor
controlled rectifiers which are involved in phase switching.
Subclass:
238
With soft start:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
wherein at the time of start up of the system, the output is
gradually increased over a plurality of cycles from zero to
the desired level.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
321 for soft start of external or operator controlled
systems.
Subclass:
239
Including single unidirectional element with bidirectional
pass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
wherein the final control device is capable of carrying
current in only one direction but the circuit is arranged in
such fashion that both polarities of the input are passed or
controlled.
(1) Note. The unidirectional element may be a tube or
semiconductive device connected within a diode bridge circuit
so as to pass both polarities of the alternating current or a
tube or a semiconductive device bridged by a single diode
whereby one polarity of the applied A.C. is controlled and
the other polarity is uncontrolled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclass 448 for A.C. gating SCR's in
a bridge.
Subclass:
240
Including saturable inductor in trigger circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
including a signal shaping circuit between the means
responsive to the output and the final control element, that
signal shaping circuit including a saturable inductor.
(1) Note. The trigger circuit may be a magnetic amplifier
having an output winding coupled to the control electrode of
a tube or semiconductive device.
Subclass:
241
With digital control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
including a signal processing circuit between the means
responsive to the output and the final control device, that
signal processing circuit including logic elements which
process signals having discrete states.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 and the subclasses noted in the definition thereof for
digitally controlled systems.
Subclass:
242
Including ramp generator or controlled capacitor charging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
including circuitry which produces a gradually changing
signal which is ultimately proportional to the output of the
device.
(1) Note. The changing signal may take the form of a
sawtooth with a repeating ramp and return to an initial
value. Controlled capacitor charging involves charging a
capacitor to some predetermined value at which value a
controllable device such as a transistor, unijunction
transistor, or programmable unijunction transistor, goes into
another state of conduction or exerts a controlling influence
on another device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
288 and 326, for other systems including ramp generators or
controlled capacitor charging circuits.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 131+ for a miscellaneous
ramp or sawtooth waveform generator.
Subclass:
243
As input to comparator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Subject matter
wherein the gradually changing signal is applied to a circuit
which compares it to another signal (usually a standard).
Subclass:
244
With synchronization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
including means which detects a time characteristic of the
input waveform, such as its zero crossing point, and produces
a signal indicative thereof which is used to properly time
the action of the final control device.
Subclass:
245
With nonelectrical condition sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
wherein the means which responds to the output is a sensor
which measures a nonelectrical condition such as heat of the
system or its load, the condition being dependent upon the
output of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
236 for zero switching devices with nonelectrical condition
sensors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 482 for power supply means
with nonelectrical condition sensing having a heating system
as the load.
Subclass:
246
With plural condition sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
including means for sensing a condition of the system or its
load, such means being in addition to the means responsive to
deviation in the output of the system.
(1) Note. This subclass includes sensing combinations of
voltage, current, power factor, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
275 for devices of this type wherein the final control
device is a linearly acting three or more terminal
semiconductive device.
Subclass:
247
Using a transformer or inductor as the final control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the device within the systems which is the ultimate
controller of the output is a transformer or inductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for transformers or inductors used in input level
responsive devices.
305 for transformers or inductors used in self-regulating
devices.
328 for transformers or inductors used in external or
operator controlled devices.
355 for miscellaneous transformer or inductor devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for transformer
or inductor structure.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
35 for transformer protection, and subclass 93.6 for
abnormal current condition protection including transformer
sensor.
Subclass:
248
Ferroresonant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter
wherein the transformer is associated with elements which
causes it to resonate.
(1) Note. A ferroresonant transformer usually includes a
saturable core and a capacitor (usually termed a
ferrocapacitor) connected to one of the windings thereof.
(2) Note. Also included in this subclass are parametric
transformers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
306 for self-regulating systems using ferroresonant
transformers.
Subclass:
249
Controllably saturable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter
wherein the transformer or inductor includes a core, the
level of saturation thereof being controllable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
302 for input level responsive devices of this type.
310 for self-regulating devices of this type.
329 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, subclass 8 for magnetic amplifiers.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 155 for inductive regulators
with no moving parts.
Subclass:
250
With specific core structure (e.g., gap, aperture, slot,
permanent magnet):
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Subject matter
wherein the core includes a gap, aperture, or slot therein or
a permanent magnet associated therewith.
Subclass:
251
With plural power windings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Subject matter
wherein the saturable transformer includes a plurality of
windings through which the voltage or current which is to be
controlled is conducted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
Subclass:
252
In bridge configuration or in bridge arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter
wherein the plural power windings are parts of a bridge
circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
Subclass:
253
On different cores:
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter
wherein each of the power windings is on a different core of
a multicore transformer arrangement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
335 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
Subclass:
254
With electronic tube or a three or more terminal
semiconductive device in control circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Subject matter
wherein the control circuit includes at least one electronics
tube or three or more terminal semiconductive device
connected to the control winding of the transformer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
339 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
Subclass:
255
Having a variable length winding (e.g., tapped) as the final
control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the windings of the transformer
includes at least one contact intermediate the end contacts
of the winding and means is provided to select between the
several contacts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
340 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 11
for tap changing switches, per se.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 137 for transformers with
tap changing switches.
Subclass:
256
With motor driven tap switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter
wherein the means to select between the several contacts is
operated by a motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
341 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
Subclass:
257
Including an electronic tube or a three or more terminal
semiconductive device in control circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter
including a signal processing circuit between the means
responsive to the output and the motor, the signal processing
circuit including at least one electronic tube or three or
more terminal semiconductive device.
Subclass:
258
With electronic tube or a three or more terminal
semiconductive device as tap switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the several contacts is connected to
the output through an electronic tube or a three or more
terminal semiconductive device.
(1) Note. Devices in this subclass may include mechanical
tap changers having a tube or semiconductive device
associated therewith, usually for the purpose of arc
suppression.
Subclass:
259
Having a winding in series with the source and load (e.g.,
buck-boost):
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter
wherein the load current is conducted from the source to the
load through a winding of the transformer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
344 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
Subclass:
260
With motor in control circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter
including a signal processing circuit between the means
responsive to the output level and the final control device,
the signal processing circuit including a motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 and 341, for motor-driven tap changers used in devices
having variable length windings as final control devices.
Subclass:
261
With saturable reactor in control circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter
including a signal processing circuit between the means
responsive to the output and the final control device, that
signal processing circuit including a saturable reactor.
Subclass:
262
Plural windings in series:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter
wherein the final control device includes a plurality of
windings in series between the source and the load.
Subclass:
263
With electronic tube or a three or more terminal
semiconductive device in control circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter
including a signal processing circuit between the means
responsive to the output and the final control device, the
signal processing circuit including at least one electronic
tube or three or more terminal semiconductor device.
Subclass:
264
Having movable structure or winding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter
wherein the transformer includes movable magnetic shunts,
shield, windings, or other such structure and it is the
positioning of such structure that determines the ultimate
output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
347 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
Subclass:
265
Using a three or more terminal: semiconductive device as the
final control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the final control device within the output level
responsive system is a transistor or semiconductor controlled
rectifier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for shunt regulators.
311 for self-regulating devices.
349 for external or operator controlled devices all using
three or more terminal semiconductive devices as final
control devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 501 for devices of this type
having electric heating devices as a load.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 438+ and 530+ for
subcombinations of systems using semiconductive devices as
final control devices.
Subclass:
266
Including pre or post regulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Subject matter
wherein the system includes two stages of regulation, at
least one of which is responsive to the output level.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
224 for plural stage regulators wherein one of the stages is
in shunt with the source or load.
Subclass:
267
Including plural loads commonly controlled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Subject matter
wherein the system supplies several loads through commonly
controlled devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 11 for plural load systems which are responsive to
each load individually.
Subclass:
268
Including plural final control devices:
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Subject matter
wherein the system includes a plurality of transistors or
semiconductor controlled rectifiers, each contributing to the
final control of the output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
225 for shunt regulators with plural final control devices.
350 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
Subclass:
269
Linearly acting parallel connected:
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter
wherein the plural devices are connected in parallel and are
operated in their linear range.
Subclass:
270
Linearly acting series connected:
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter
wherein the plural devices are connected in series and are
operated in their linear range.
Subclass:
271
Switched (e.g., on-off control):
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter
wherein the plural devices are operated such that they are
either conductive or nonconductive.
Subclass:
272
Parallel connected:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter
wherein the plural devices are connected in parallel.
Subclass:
273
Linearly acting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Subject matter
wherein the system includes a single final control device
which is operated in its linear range.
Subclass:
274
With threshold detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter
wherein the system includes means which responds within a
predetermined range or the means abruptly changes its
conductive state at a predetermined level of the output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
284 for switching regulators with threshold detection.
Subclass:
275
With plural condition sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter
including means for sensing a condition of the system or its
load, such means being in addition to the means responsive to
deviation in the output of the system.
(1) Note. This subclass includes sensing combinations of
voltage, current, power factor, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 for devices of this type wherein the final control
device is a phase controlled switch.
285 for switching regulators with plural condition sensing.
Subclass:
276
For protection system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Subject matter
including means to detect conditions which could cause
possibly destructive failure of the system, its components or
the load and means to prevent such failure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass 1
and 18 for protective systems, per se.
Subclass:
277
With current sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter
including means to sense the load current.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
93.1 for abnormal current sensors in protective systems.
Subclass:
278
Having base-emitter of transistor coupled across sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter
wherein the current sensor includes an impedance connected in
series with the load and the base-emitter junction of a
transistor is connected across the impedance.
Subclass:
279
Including final control device parameter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Subject matter
wherein the additional condition is a parameter of the final
control device such as its temperature, the current it is
carrying, or the voltage across it.
Subclass:
280
With a specific feedback amplifier (e.g., integrator,
summer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter
including a signal processing circuit between the means
responsive to the output level and the final control device,
the signal processing circuit including an amplifier in a
feedback path, the amplifier including such elements as
cascaded stages, summing junctions, or additional feedback
circuitry.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for amplifiers, per
se.
Subclass:
281
With reference voltage circuitry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. including a
signal processing circuit between the means responsive to the
output level and the final control device, the signal
processing circuit including means to develop a standard
voltage which is used as a reference in the signal processing
circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
313 for self-regulating devices which derive a voltage
reference.
Subclass:
282
Switched (e.g., switching regulators):
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Subject matter
wherein the system includes a single final control device
which is operated in such manner that it is either conductive
or nonconductive.
(1) Note. The most common devices found herein are
regulators wherein a switch such as a transistor is operated
in a closed or open state. When closed an inductor typically
stores energy, and when open, a flyback or catch diode will
continue the flow of current or release of energy through the
inductor to the load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for shunt type switching regulators.
351 for external or operator controlled switching
regulators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 15 and 124
for D.C.. to A.C. to D.C.. converters.
Subclass:
283
Digitally controlled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Subject matter
including a signal processing circuit between the means
responsive to the output and the final control device, that
signal processing circuit including logic elements which
process a signal having discrete states.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 and the subclasses noted in the definition thereof for
digitally controlled systems.
Subclass:
284
With threshold detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Subject matter
wherein the system includes means which responds within a
predetermined range of the output or the means abruptly
changes its conductive state at a predetermined level of the
output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
274 for linearly acting regulators with threshold
detection.
Subclass:
285
With plural condition sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Subject matter
including means for sensing a condition of the system or its
load, such means being in addition to the means responsive to
deviation in the output of the system.
(1) Note. This subclass includes sensing combinations of
voltage, current, power factor, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 for devices of this type wherein the final control
device is a phase controlled switch.
275 for devices of this type wherein the final control
device is a linearly acting three or more terminal
semiconductive device.
Subclass:
286
Including filter sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter
wherein the additional condition is a condition of a filter
used to smooth the output of the switched final control
device.
(1) Note. The filter is typically a diode, choke, capacitor
arrangement and the sensor is usually associated with the
choke element.
Subclass:
287
In flyback path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter
wherein the filter includes a diode (typically termed
flyback, catch, or freewheeling diode) and the sensor is
disposed in the diode path.
Subclass:
288
With ramp generator or controlled capacitor charging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Subject matter
including circuitry which produces a gradually changing
signal which is ultimately proportional to the output of the
device.
(1) Note. The changing signal may take the form of a
sawtooth with a repeating ramp and return to an initial
value. Controlled capacitor charging involves charging a
capacitor to some predetermined value at which value a
controllable device such as a transistor, unijunction
transistor, or programmable unijunction transistor goes into
another state of conduction or exerts a controlling influence
on another device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 and 326, for other systems including ramp generators or
controlled capacitor charging circuits.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 131+ for a miscellaneous
ramp or sawtooth waveform generator.
Subclass:
289
With base drive control dissipation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Subject matter
including means connected to the base of a switching
transistor to minimize the dissipation of power within the
transistor at its turn-on and turn-off times.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclass 579 and 585 for
miscellaneous devices concerning minority carrier storage.
Subclass:
290
With inductor in control circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Subject matter
including a signal processing circuit between the means
responsive to the output level and the final control device,
the signal processing circuit including an inductor.
Subclass:
291
Using an electronic tube as the final control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the final control device within the output level
responsive system is an electric space discharge device such
as a vacuum or gas tube.
Subclass:
292
With a three or more terminal semiconductive device in
control circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter
including a signal processing circuit between the output
level responsive means and the final control device, the
signal processing circuit including a transistor or
semiconductive controlled rectifier.
Subclass:
293
Using an impedance as the final control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the final control device within the output level
responsive system is an impedance such as a resistor,
capacitor, or diode.
(1) Note. Inductors are not included herein. See search
notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 and the subclasses noted in the definition thereof, for
impedances used as final control devices in other systems.
247 for inductors.
Subclass:
294
Hall effect device, magnetoresistor or thermistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
wherein the impedance is a Hall effect device or a resistor
which changes its resistance in accordance with the strength
of a magnetic field or temperature.
Subclass:
295
Pressure sensitive resistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
wherein the impedance is a resistor which changes its
resistance in accordance with the pressure applied thereto.
Subclass:
296
Liquid contact resistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
wherein the impedance is a resistor which changes its
resistance in accordance with the degree of contact with a
conductive liquid.
Subclass:
297
Plural selective resistors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of individual resistors are connected in
a circuit which allows each resistor or a combination of
resistors to be used as the final control device.
Subclass:
298
Variable resistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
wherein different portions or a combination of portions of a
single resistance element may be used as the final control
device.
Subclass:
299
INPUT LEVEL RESPONSIVE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter which maintains an output at a desired level through
the use of control means responsive to the input level.
(1) Note. Although not specifically included within each of
the following definitions, input level responsive systems
usually include (a) some means which produces a signal
indicative of the input level of the system, (b) some
processing circuit which makes use of the signal mentioned
above, and (c) a final control device which is controlled by
the output of the processing circuit, thus producing a
controlled output of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 538+ for regulators of
this type having a semiconductive device as the claimed
load.
Subclass:
300
Phase controlled switching using electronic tube or a three
or more terminal semiconductive device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Subject matter
wherein the input is alternating current and the final
control device is an electronic tube or three or more
terminal semiconductive device which is caused to change to
its conductive state at a controllable point following the
zero axis crossing of the input waveform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
237 for output level responsive phase controlled switching
systems.
320 for external or operator controlled phase controlled
switching systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 453+ for semiconductor
controlled rectifiers which are involved in phase switching.
Subclass:
301
Using a transformer or inductor as the final control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Subject matter
wherein the device within the system which is the ultimate
controller of the output is a transformer or inductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for transformers or inductors used in output level
responsive devices.
305 for transformers or inductors used in self-regulating
devices.
328 for transformers or inductors used in external or
operator controlled devices.
355 for miscellaneous transformer or inductor devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for transformer
or inductor structure.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
35 for transformer protection, and subclass 93.6 for
abnormal current condition protection including transformer
sensor.
Subclass:
302
Saturable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter
wherein the transformer or inductor includes a core, the
level of saturation thereof being controllable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
249 for output level responsive devices of this type.
310 for self-regulating devices of this type.
329 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, subclass 8 for magnetic amplifiers.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 155 for inductive regulators
with no moving parts.
Subclass:
303
Using a linearly acting final control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Subject matter
wherein the final control device is operated within its
linear range.
Subclass:
304
SELF-REGULATING (E.G., NONRETROACTIVE):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter which maintains an output at a desired level through
the use of means which exhibit inherent limiting
characteristics.
(1) Note. Example of means which exhibit inherent limiting
characteristics are zener diodes and neon tubes.
Subclass:
305
Using a transformer or inductor as the final control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Subject matter
wherein the device within the system which is the ultimate
controller of the output is a transformer or inductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for transformers or inductors used in output level
responsive devices.
301 for transformers or inductors used in input level
responsive devices.
328 for transformers or inductors used in external or
operator controlled devices.
355 for miscellaneous transformer or inductor devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for transformer
or inductor structure.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
35 for transformer protection, and subclass 93.6 for
abnormal current condition protection including transformer
sensor.
Subclass:
306
Ferroresonant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Subject matter
wherein the transformer is associated with elements which
causes it to resonate.
(1) Note. A ferroresonant transformer usually includes a
saturable core and a capacitor (usually termed a
ferrocapacitor) connected to one of the windings thereof.
(2) Note. Also included in this subclass are parametric
transformers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248 for output level responsive systems using ferroresonant
transformers.
Subclass:
307
With plural cores:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the ferroresonant transformer has at least two
cores.
Subclass:
308
With core having an air gap or magnetic shunt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the core of the ferroresonant transformer includes an
air gap within one of the legs thereof or a magnetically
permeable leg which bridges the core.
Subclass:
309
Including a ferrocapacitor across a tertiary winding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter
wherein the ferroresonant transformer has at least three
windings and a capacitor is connected in a series closed
circuit with one of the windings.
Subclass:
310
Controllably saturable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Subject matter
wherein the transformer includes a core, the level of
saturation thereof being controllable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
249 for output level responsive devices of this type.
302 for input level responsive devices of this type.
329 for external or operator controlled devices of this
type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, subclass 8 for magnetic amplifiers.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 155 for inductive regulators
with no moving parts.
Subclass:
311
Using a three or more terminal semiconductive device as the
final control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Subject matter
wherein the final control device within the self-regulating
system is a transistor or semiconductor controlled
rectifier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for shunt regulators.
265 for output level responsive devices.
349 for external or operator controlled devices, all using
three or more terminal semiconductive devices as final
control devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 501 for devices of this type
having electric heating devices as a load.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 438+ and 530+ for
subcombinations of systems using semiconductive devices as
final control devices.
Subclass:
312
For current stabilization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter
wherein the system functions to regulate current
therethrough.
Subclass:
313
To derive a voltage reference (e.g., band gap regulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Subject matter
wherein the current within the device is stabilized for the
purpose of producing a stabilized reference voltage at its
output.
(1) Note. Devices herein generate a reference potential
related to an inherent property such as the band gap
potential of a semiconductor material such as silicon. The
band gap potential is the difference in energy between the
energy level of the bottom of the conduction band and the
energy level of the top of the valence band.
Subclass:
314
With additional stage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Subject matter
wherein an additional controlled device is connected between
the final control device circuit and the ultimate output.
Subclass:
315
Including parallel paths (e.g., current mirror):
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Subject matter
wherein at least two stabilized current paths are in parallel
with each other, usually the currents bearing a predetermined
relation to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 530+ for semiconductor
device bias supplies of this type.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 288 for current mirror
amplifiers.
Subclass:
316
With amplifier connected to or between current paths:
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter
wherein an additional controlled device is connected between
the stabilized current paths or as an output to at least one
of the paths.
Subclass:
317
With switched final control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter
wherein the controlling device within at least one of the
paths is operated in a switching mode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
272 for parallel connected, switched final control devices
in output level responsive systems.
Subclass:
318
EXTERNAL OR OPERATOR CONTROLLED:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means for controlling an output through the
action of an externally generated signal or the adjustment of
an element within the system by an operator of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234 for systems which are controlled in response to the
output level of the system.
299 for systems which are controlled in response to the
input level of the system.
304 for systems which are controlled by the inherent
characteristics of the elements which make up the system.
Subclass:
319
Zero switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter
wherein the input is alternating current and the final
control device is a switch which is caused to change to its
conductive state at or about the zero axis crossing of the
input waveform.
(1) Note. Usually, the average power applied to the load is
controlled by varying the number of half or full cycles of
input waveform that is permitted to flow to the load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 for output level responsive systems of this type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 451+ for semiconductor
controlled rectifiers which are involved in zero point
switching.
Subclass:
320
Phase controlled switching using electronic tube or a three
or more terminal semiconductive device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter
wherein the input is alternating current and the final
control device is an electronic tube or three or more
terminal semiconductive device which is caused to change to
its conductive state at a controllable point following the
zero axis crossing of the input waveform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
237 for output responsive phase controlled switching
systems.
300 for input responsive phase controlled switching
systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 447+ for semiconductor
controlled rectifiers which are involved in phase switching.
Subclass:
321
With soft start:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
wherein at the time of start up of the system, the output is
gradually increased over a plurality of cycles from zero to
the desired level.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for output responsive systems of this type.
Subclass:
322
With digital control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
including a control signal processing circuit which includes
logic elements which process a signal having discrete
states.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for reactive power systems which are digitally
controlled.
241 for digitally controlled phase controlled switching
systems.
283 for output responsive digitally controlled solid-state
systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
326, Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, appropriate
subclasses for digital logic circuits.
Subclass:
323
With interval timer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
which includes means for predetermining the length of time of
operation of the system or a part thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
319 for zero switching devices which may include interval
timers.
Subclass:
324
Using single unidirectional element with bidirectional pass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
wherein the final control device is capable of carrying
current in only one direction but the circuit is arranged in
such fashion that both polarities of the input are passed or
controlled.
(1) Note. The unidirectional element may be a tube or
semiconductive device connected within a diode bridge circuit
so as to pass both polarities of the alternating current, or
a tube or a semiconductive device bridged by a single diode
whereby one polarity of the applied A.C. is controlled and
the other polarity is uncontrolled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
239 for output responsive systems of this type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclass 448 for miscellaneous gating
SCR's in a bridge.
Subclass:
325
With a three or more terminal semiconductive device in
trigger circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
including a control signal shaping circuit between the
controlling input and the final control element, the shaping
circuit including at least one transistor or SCR device.
Subclass:
326
Including ramp generator or controlled capacitor charging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Subject matter
including circuitry which produces a gradually changing
signal (usually by controlling the rate of charge of a
capacitor) which is then used in the trigger circuit to
produce the controlling input to the final control element.
(1) Note. The changing signal may take the form of a
sawtooth with a repeating ramp and return to an initial
value. Controlled capacitor charging involves charging a
capacitor to some predetermined value at which value a
controllable device such as a transistor, unijunction
transistor, or programmable unijunction transistor goes into
another state of conduction or exerts a controlling influence
on another device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 and 288, for ramp generators used in output level
responsive systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 131+ for a miscellaneous
ramp or sawtooth waveform generator.
Subclass:
327
With passive element only in trigger circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
including a control signal shaping circuit between the
controlling input and the final control element, the shaping
circuit including passive elements such as resistors and
capacitors only.
Subclass:
328
Using a transformer or inductor as the final control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter
wherein the device within the system which is the ultimate
controller of the output is a transformer or inductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for systems of this type which are responsive to the
output level of the system.
301 for transformers or inductors used in input level
responsive devices.
305 for transformers or inductors used in self-regulating
devices.
355 for miscellaneous transformer or inductor devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for transformer
or inductor structure.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
35 for transformer protection, and subclass 93.6 for
abnormal current condition protection including transformer
sensor.
Subclass:
329
Controllably saturable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter
wherein the transformer includes a core, the level of
saturation thereof being controllable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
249 for output level responsive devices of this type.
302 for input level responsive devices of this type.
310 for self-regulating devices of this type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, subclass 8 for magnetic amplifiers.
336, Inductors Devices, subclass 155 for inductive
regulators with no moving parts.
Subclass:
330
With permanent magnet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter
which includes a permanent magnet as part of or in addition
to the saturable core.
Subclass:
331
With core having a gap, aperture, or slot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter
wherein the core includes a gap, aperture, or slot therein.
Subclass:
332
With plural power windings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter
wherein the saturable transformer includes a plurality of
windings through which the voltage or current which is to be
controlled is conducted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
251 for output level responsive devices of this type.
Subclass:
333
In bridge configuration or in bridge arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter
wherein the plural power windings are parts of a bridge
circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252 for output level responsive devices of this type.
Subclass:
334
On different legs of single core:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter
wherein each of the power windings is on a different leg of a
multilegged core.
Subclass:
335
On different cores:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter
wherein each of the power windings is on a different core of
a multicore transformer arrangement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
253 for output level responsive devices of this type.
Subclass:
336
Multistage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter
wherein the output of all but the last transformer is
connected as the input of the succeeding transformer.
Subclass:
337
Push-pull:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter
wherein the different cores of the transformer arrangement
operate on different polarities of the voltage or current to
be treated.
Subclass:
338
With plural cores:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter
wherein a single power winding is wound about plural adjacent
cores.
Subclass:
339
Including an electronic tube or a three or more terminal
semiconductive device in control circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter
wherein the control circuit includes at least one electronic
tube or three or more terminal semiconductive device
connected to the control winding of the transformer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
254 for output level responsive devices of this type.
Subclass:
340
Having a variable length winding (e.g., tapped) as the final
control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the windings of the transformer
includes at least one contact intermediate the end contacts
of the winding and means is provided to select between the
several contacts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
255 for output level responsive devices of this type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 11
for tap changing switches, per se.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 137 for transformers with
tap changing switches.
Subclass:
341
With motor driven tap switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Subject matter
wherein the means to select between the several contacts is
operated by a motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for output level responsive devices of this type.
Subclass:
342
With other transformer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Subject matter
wherein the system includes a transformer in addition to the
tapped transformer.
Subclass:
343
With a three or more terminal semiconductive device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Subject matter
including a transistor or SCR as part of a control circuit
within the device or having a switching means connected to
each tap, the switching means being a transistor or SCR.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
258 for transistors or SCRs used as tap switches in output
level responsive devices.
Subclass:
344
Having a winding in series with the source and load (e.g.,
buck-boost):
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter
wherein the load current is conducted from the source to the
load through a winding of the transformer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259 for output level responsive devices of this type.
Subclass:
345
Having a switch in series with winding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the windings of the transformer has a
switch in series therewith and it is the relative lengths of
the on and off times of the switch that determines the
ultimate output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for shunt regulators having a choke and switch connected
across the source circuit.
Subclass:
346
Having series-parallel connectable windings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter
wherein the transformer includes a plurality of windings
which are arranged in such fashion that they may be
selectably connected in series or parallel or a combination
series-parallel circuit.
Subclass:
347
Having movable structure or winding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter
wherein the transformer includes movable magnetic shunts,
shields, windings, or other such structure and it is the
positioning of such structure that determines the ultimate
output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for output level responsive devices of this type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 195 for inductive
telemetering transmitters having movable structure or
windings.
Subclass:
348
Including rotary motion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Subject matter
wherein the structure or winding is movable about an axis.
Subclass:
349
Using a three or more terminal semiconductive device as the
final control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter
wherein the device which ultimately controls the level of the
output is a transistor or SCR.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for shunt regulators.
265 for output level responsive devices.
311 for self-regulating devices, all using three or more
terminal semiconductive devices as final control devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 501 for devices of this type
having electric heating devices as a load.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 438+ and 530+ for
subcombinations of systems using semiconductive devices as
final control devices.
Subclass:
350
Including plural final control devices:
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Subject matter
wherein the system includes a plurality of transistors or
semiconductor controlled rectifiers, each contributing to the
final control of the output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
225 for shunt regulators with plural final control devices.
268 for output level responsive devices of this type.
Subclass:
351
Switched (e.g., switching regulators):
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Subject matter
wherein the system includes a single final control device
which is operated in such a manner that it is either
conductive or nonconductive.
(1) Note. The most common devices found herein are
regulators wherein a switch such as a transistor is operated
in a closed or open state. When closed an inductor typically
stores energy, and when open, a flyback or catch diode will
continue the flow of current or release of energy through the
inductor to the load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for shunt type switching regulators.
282 for output level responsive switching regulators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 15 and 124
for D.C.. to A.C. to D.C.. converters.
Subclass:
352
Using an impedance as the final control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter
wherein the final control device within the system is an
impedance such as a resistor, capacitor, or diode.
(1) Note. Inductors are not included herein. See subclass
328 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 and the subclasses noted in the definition thereof, for
impedances used as final control devices in other systems.
Subclass:
353
Resistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
wherein the impedance is a resistor.
Subclass:
354
Selective:
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of individual resistors are connected in
a circuit which allows each resistor or a combination of
resistors to be used as the final control device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
297 for output level responsive devices of this type.
Subclass:
355
INCLUDING A TRANSFORMER OR AN INDUCTOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which a load device not elsewhere classified is
supplied with electricity by a transformer, or the
combination of a transformer or inductor with circuitry not
elsewhere classifiable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
206 214, 215, 232, 247, 301, 305, and 328, for transformers
or inductors used in various control systems within this
class.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, for transformers or inductors, per
se.
Subclass:
356
With compensation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter
wherein the transformer has associated therewith circuitry
which corrects for undesired phase shift or other discrepancy
between the expected and actual outputs of the transformer.
Subclass:
357
For current transformer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 356. Subject matter
wherein the transformer is a current transformer.
(1) Note. See the definition of current transformer in
subclass 358 below.
Subclass:
358
Current transformer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter
wherein the transformer is an instrument transformer having
its primary winding (which may be a single conductor)
connected in series with a circuit carrying the current to be
measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 127 for
measuring devices including transformers.
Subclass:
359
Potential transformer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter
wherein the transformer is an instrument transformer having
its primary winding connected in parallel with a circuit, the
voltage of which is to be measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 127 for
measuring devices including transformers.
Subclass:
360
Superconductive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter
wherein the transformer includes a winding whose resistance
is essentially zero.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 527+ for miscellaneous
superconductive circuits.
Subclass:
361
Polyphase or plural transformers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter
wherein the transformer arrangement is adapted to handle more
than one phase of electric energy or is made up of more than
one transformer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 5 for polyphase
transformers, per se.
Subclass:
362
With core having permanent magnet or air gap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter
including a permanent magnet associated with the core of the
transformer or having a gap in one of the legs thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
250 308, 330, and 331, for various devices including
transformers with cores of this type.
Subclass:
363
Inductor with or in a bridge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter
including at least one inductor in combination with a bridge
circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
365 for other impedances in bridge circuits.
Subclass:
364
INCLUDING AN IMPEDANCE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which a load device not elsewhere classified is
supplied with electricity through an impedance arrangement or
a combination of impedances not elsewhere classifiable.
(1) Note. Inductors are not included herein. See subclass
355 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 and the subclasses noted in the definition thereof, for
impedances used as final control devices in other systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, for resistors, per se.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
271 and 500+ for capacitors, per se.
Subclass:
365
In a bridge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter
wherein the impedance are connected in a bridge
configuration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
69, 74, 78, and 91 for temperature regulating systems which
include impedance bridge networks as the control means.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 663 and
674 for electric motor position servomechanisms which may
include an impedance bridge network; subclass 294 for motor
reversing systems wherein the armature current reversal means
includes an impedance bridge network; and subclass 535 for
motor field circuit control systems which include an
impedance bridge network.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 77 for
single generator systems where the generator field circuit is
controlled by means of an impedance bridge network.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses, especially subclass 98, 101, and 600+ for
electric testing systems involving impedance bridge
arrangements.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 72, 146, and 175 for amplifier
systems including, respectively, series arranged tubes with
each tube in the arm of a bridge; a bridge with a tube in at
least one arm; and a Wheatstone bridge network in a coupling
circuit.
331, Oscillators, subclass 110 and 138 for bridge type
oscillators wherein the frequency determining element of the
oscillator comprises a balanced lattice or similar type
network having two pairs of conjugately related terminals.
332, Modulators, subclass 172 for a an amplitude modulator
including bridge arrangements.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 1 for
hybrid type networks which may include Wheatstone bridge
impedance arrangements.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 510, 563, and 599
for condition responsive systems using a Wheatstone bridge.
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 17, 58, 68,
98, 132, and 136 for converters including bridges.
Subclass:
366
Thermistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter
wherein the bridge includes a thermistor in at least one of
its arms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
369 for nonbridge thermistor arrangements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclasses 183+ for
similar subject matter controlling an indicator.
Subclass:
367
Resistor only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter
wherein the bridge includes resistance elements only.
Subclass:
368
Hall effect device or magnetoresistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter
wherein the impedance arrangement includes a device which
changes its impedance in accordance with the strength of a
magnetic field applied thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 32 for magnetic field
responsive resistors, per se.
Subclass:
369
Thermistor or resistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter
wherein the impedance arrangement includes at least one
resistor which may be responsive to temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclasses 183+ for
similar subject matter controlling an indicator.
Subclass:
370
With capacitor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Subject matter
having a capacitor in addition to the resistor.
Subclass:
371
MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter not classifiable above.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
901
STARTING CIRCUITS:
Art collection of disclosures including means to initiate
circuit operation or to overcome an initial inoperative state
of an element or circuit.
Subclass:
902
OPTICAL COUPLING TO SEMICONDUCTOR:
Art collection of disclosures including light emitting means
coupled to a photoresponsive semiconductor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 551 for signal isolators,
including optically coupled light emitters and semiconductor
light receivers.
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclasses 80-85 for incoherent light
emitters coupled to active solid-state device light detector
elements, per se.
Subclass:
903
PRECIPITATORS:
Art collection of disclosures including power systems or
regulators where the load is an electrostatic precipitator
which removes particulate matter such as dirt from a gas,
such as air.
Subclass:
904
TOUCH SYSTEMS:
Art collection of disclosures including the sensing of a
change in capacitance, temperature, or other condition
produced by a person touching or being in the immediate
proximity of a part of the system.
Subclass:
905
LAMP DIMMER STRUCTURE:
Art collection of disclosures including an electrical control
circuit housed or positioned within structure, such as a wall
socket or a lamp socket, related to manually varying or
controlling the output of a lamp.
Subclass:
906
SOLAR CELL SYSTEMS:
Art collection of disclosures including regulators having as
a power source an array of solar cells and/or battery systems
such as those in spacecraft.
Subclass:
907
TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR:
Art collection of disclosures including semiconductors
exhibiting temperature dependencies and means are provided to
compensate for or to offset the temperature dependency.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 238 for temperature
compensated photocells.
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 706, 707, and 712-722 for such
devices with cooling means.
Subclass:
908
INRUSH CURRENT LIMITERS:
Art collection of disclosures including a component or
circuit to limit, prevent, or lessen the initial surge of
current that accompanies equipment turn-on.
Subclass:
909
REMOTE SENSING:
Art collection of disclosures including a power supply or
regulator remotely located by long leads, cables, or wires,
from a sensor or load.
Subclass:
910
TWO OF THREE PHASES REGULATED:
Art collection of disclosures including a three-phase system
having regulating or control means in only two of the three
phases.
Subclass:
911
MEDICAL ELECTRONICS:
Art collection of disclosures including a power supply or
regulator particularly adapted to medical purposes such as
electro-surgical units, body organ analyses, or
electro-therapeutic units.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000