U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Electronic Products Branch)
Class 166
WELLS
Class Definition:
This class relates to processes or means not otherwise
classified comprising (1) shafts or deep borings in the
earth, commonly known as wells, for the extraction of fluids
from the earth, (2) shafts or deep borings in the earth for
inserting a fluid into the interstices of a porous earth
formation, usually to enable withdrawal of fluid from a
producing output well, (3) apparatus peculiarly adapted for
treating a well or for use in or with a well, or (4)
processes of using, making, or treating a well.
This class takes combinations of elements or process steps
relating to wells and going beyond the scope of
subcombinations, such as measuring or testing means or pumps,
classifiable, per se, in other classes. The class also takes
subcombinations, such as packers or expanding anchors,
peculiar to wells. However, the class does not take various
intermediate combinations, such as devices performing only a
measuring or testing function or a pumping function, which
may include subcombinations, such as packers or expanding
anchors, as minor perfecting features.
Treating a well includes various miscellaneous processes or
apparatus relating to wells; typically, gravel layer forming,
cementing, washing or acidizing.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. RELATIONSHIP TO CLASS 175, BORING OR PENETRATING THE
EARTH
The relationship of Class 166 with boring or penetrating the
earth, classified in Class 175, is close both for historical
and functional reasons. The lines between Class 166 and
Class 175 are set forth in the class definition of the latter
class with the exception of the below noted reference to
cementing. While Class 166 is generic to processes including
earth boring or penetrating steps no general subclass has
been provided in Class 166 for combinations with earth boring
since earth boring of some kind is always associated with
well making and the relationships expressed in the claims of
patents were thought to be better classified on other bases
in this class, see Class 175 subclasses 57+ and the search
there noted for earth boring processes, per se.
Generally in relation to apparatus Class 175 is more
comprehensive than Class 166 and takes combinations of Class
175 and Class 166 subject matter. Class 166 however, takes
some miscellaneous subcombinations which may be disclosed as
used only in drilling operations but which are in fact of
general utility in wells, particularly when there is no
suitable subclass provided in Class 175 and a suitable
subclass is provided in Class 166.
Processes of cementing, plugging or consolidating as defined
in Class 166 subclass 21 are distinguished from drilling with
fluid processes classifiable in Class 175 subclasses 65+ by
the interruption of the actual earth cutting operation of the
drilling process. Thus a process which purports to be a
drilling process but which includes in its disclosure some
indication that the actual earth cutting has stopped to
permit cementing, such as a statement that "drilling is
resumed" or that "after the cement has set", will be
considered a cementing process for Class 166. The fact that
a drilling tool stem or shaft is disclosed as the means for
delivering the cementing materials below ground or a
disclosure that drilling mud or drilling fluid is used as a
carrier for or a constituent of the cementing material will
not preclude classification in Class 166. Such processes in
which drilling is interrupted to permit cementing are
classifiable in Class 166 even if the cementing step is only
normally or inferentially claimed. See, however (1) Note in
Class 166, subclass 21.
B. RELATIONSHIP TO PUMPS
The general line between Class 417, Pumps and Class 166 is
that if subject matter relating to a feature peculiar to a
well is claimed in combination with Class 417 subject matter,
classification is in Class 166. The following categories of
subject matter more specifically delineate this line.
1. Class 166 Subject Matter Classifiable With Class 417
Subject Matter in Class 417.
a. Combinations of certain subcombinations, which if
claimed, per se, are classifiable in Class 166, those with
Class 417 subject matter are classifiable in Class 417. A
recitation of a well broadly, or with certain well features
will not exclude a patent from Class 417. The following are
examples of such features which would be classifiable in
Class 417:
i. a well tubing or conduit
ii. structure in well tube to support a Class 417 device
iii. a packer or anchor for sealing a Class 417 device in
tube
iv. a below ground check valve in pump inlet or outlet
v. a valve which drains Class 417 device
b. In examples iv. and v. it should be noted that a broadly
recited pump or pump barrel with an anchor, packer or drain
valve is classifiable in Class 166 in appropriate anchor,
packer or valve subclasses.
2. Class 417 Device Combined With Below Ground Separator or
Screen
A well screen, as defined in Class 166, subclass 227,
generally contacts the earth wall of the well bore as a
continuation of a casing. A solids separator or inlet screen
for a pump tube in a well is generally disposed inside the
casing and well screen. A well type screen specifically
described as such and claimed in combination with a pump as
more than an opening or a passage for fluid is classifiable
in Class 166. A gas separator or anchor disclosed as in a
well, even though claimed in combination with a Class 417
device is classifiable in Class 166 (see Subclass References
to Current Class, below), except as noted in section D below.
Further, a sediment trap or deflector (e.g., sand trap)
disclosed as in a well is also classified in Class 166 (see
Subclass References to Current Class, below) even though
claimed in combination with a pump.
3. Above Ground Well Structure Combined With Class 417
Device
Generally the combination of a Class 417 device, whether
above or below ground, with above ground well apparatus for
handling pumped fluid or supporting a pump driving means is
classifiable in Class 417. Note, however, that features which
relate the well structure to the earth, such as placing pipes
below the frost line or embedded foundation which also
supports well casing will cause classification in Class 166.
4. Below Ground Fluid Entrainment Type Pumps and Flowing
Wells
a. Class 417 will take an aerating column, jet, gas lift or
other entrainment type pump, per se. See References to Other
Classes, below.
b. Class 166 will take Class 417 device as set forth in
paragraph (1) when the solely disclosed and claimed means for
supplying all the motive fluid to the device is located in
the well and collects the motive fluid by trapping or
separating well fluid in the well (e.g., gas anchor, packer
with gas passage to central conduit etc.).
c. Class 417 will take subject matter similar to that in
paragraph (2) above when there is a specific description of
means to supply additional motive fluid from the earth
surface or a point outside the well. This classification
prevails even though the additional motive fluid may have
been originally obtained from the same well. Obviously
combinations of these features with other well features may
cause classification in Class 166.
5. Summary of Well Feature
a. The following features, claimed in combination with a
Class 417 device, are representative of the type of subject
matter in general which will cause classification in Class
166:
i. Any specific relationship of the Class 417 device or
other fluid conducting structure to the earth or earth
formations as: plural pumps in plural wells; single pump
connected to a plurality of wells; inlets from a plurality of
earth formations; location of parts in relation to the frost
line in earth; lateral conduit below ground; earth contacting
well screen; and earth embedded support for tubing or casing
ii. Any specific relationship to well operation or
structure, such as: process steps in addition to
installation, removal or operation of a pump; control of pump
or pumped fluid in response to a condition sensed in a well;
control or pump or pumped fluid in relation to operation of
another device in the well, other than mere flow check
valves; above ground separation of fluids leaving well for
purposes other than the production or removal of pump
operating or motive fluid; apparatus, not forming a part of
the pump itself, for handling or manipulating pump parts;
passages for pumped fluid specifically described as directing
the fluid to wash, clean or otherwise treat the well;
sediment traps or deflectors; and gas separators (but see
Section 4c above)
C. WELL SHAFTS AND METHODS AND THE LIKE ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED
Well shafts or shafts sunk in the earth and structurally
similar to well shafts, and methods of operating wells are
not all classified in Class 166.
See References to Other Classes for classes that provide for
shaft structures and methods which are equivalent or very
similar to those found in Class 166.
D. DEVICES OR PROCESSES IN WELLS OR THE LIKE ELSEWHERE
CLASSIFIED
Class 166 provides for various well treating and flow
controlling devices to be inserted into a well below the
ground level, but other classes also provide for similar
devices. In cases of doubtful classification the fact that a
device is disclosed only for use below ground in a well
should incline classification towards Class 166.
Class 166 provides for example, for apparatus and methods for
fluid sampling in a well for cementing, washing, or
mechanically cleaning a well, acidizing or otherwise treating
a formation, packing, plugging, heating, cooling, dissolving
paraffin, separating materials in a well, (including liquids
from liquids, gases from liquids and solids from liquids),
graveling or otherwise forming strainers in a well, and
anchoring devices in a well.
See References to Other Classes, below, for other classes
which take devices inserted in a well or analogous devices
and processes relating to such devices.
E. REFERENCES INTEGRAL TO AND EXTERNAL TO THIS CLASS
Subclass References to the Current Class, below, includes
both subclass references integral to Class 166 as well as
references to art areas external to this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for processes of taking a fluid sample only.
50 55, 55.3, 55.4, 55.8, 57, 60, 63, 66, 66.5, 75.1, 77.1,
77.51, 82.1, 85.1, 99, 100, 105, 107, 113, 117.5, 117.6, 120,
157, 162, 170, 174, 177.6, 178, 206, 212, 222, 227, 239, 241,
242.8, 250.1, 254.1-256, 264, 272.1, 285, 292, 296-302, 305,
307, 308, 312, 315, and 316 for boring or penetrating the
earth.
50 77.1, 242.9, 285, 286, 287, 292, 302, and 315 for
hydraulic and earth engineering.
50 177.5, 179, 206, 249, 268, 272.1, 303, 305, 308, and 315
for mining or in situ disintegration of hard material.
54 55, 72, 88.5, 95.1, 97.1, 105, 165, 205, 227, 244, 277,
311, 314, 316, and 327 for fluid handling.
54.5 55, 63, 135, 162, 177.5, 179, 192, 241.1+, 299, 308, and
311 for ammunition and explosives.
54.5 55, 55.6, and 55.7 for cutlery.
54.5 fishing, trapping, and vermin destroying.
54.5 and 66.5 for ships.
55 297 and 298 for cutting.
55 for cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool.
55 85.1, 98, 99, 117.7, 162, 166, 178, 206, 217, 226, and 301
for Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements.
55 and 297 for metal deforming.
57 and 58 for stoves and furnaces.
57 63, 75.1, 106, 112, 142, 170, 174, 177.7, 179, 188, 202,
and 206 for pumps.
60 and 315 for electric heating.
64 66, 113, and 250 for geometrical instruments.
64 and 250 for registers.
66 and 250.1 for Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation).
66 and 250.1 for Communications: Electrical.
66 and 250.1 for Electricity: Measuring and Testing.
66 and 250.1 for radiant energy.
75.1 82.1, 86.1, 88.1, 162, 170, and 311 for brushing,
scrubbing, and general cleaning.
75.1 for fire extinguishers.
75.1 78.1, 82.1, 84.1, 86.1, 88.1, 179, 187, 202, and 315 for
joint packing.
75.1 81.1, 84.1, 86.1, 88.1, 168, 179, 206, 242.3, and 315
for pipe joints or couplings..
75.1 91.1, 135, 179, 192, 227, 242, and 316 for pipes and
tubular conduits.
75.1 92.1, 93.1, 162, and 192 for receptacles.
75.1 86.1, 88.1, 91.1, 95.1, 97.1, and 316 for valves and
valve actuation.
77.1 for Distillation: Processes Separatory.
77.1, for implements or apparatus for applying pushing and
pulling force.
77.51 117.7, and 315 for tools.
81 and 315 for metal working.
100 for fluid conducting lateral probes sealed to the well
wall.
105.5 for devices combined with a pump or plunger means for
drawing well fluid out of the well or into a receptacle which
is to be taken out of the well.
107 113, 162, 250.1, and 264 for measuring and testing.
117.5 for means for guiding an insertable element laterally
of the well axis, e.g., whipstock, per se.
153 170, 177, 179, and 202 for expansible chamber devices.
162 for dispensing.
162 for excavating.
162 171, 205, 227, 228, and 265 for liquid purification or
separation.
177.6 for agitating.
178 for tool driving or impacting.
178 in particular, and appropriate subclasses, for well
devices combined with a jar for releasing a stuck part
222 for fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing.
237 for clutches and power-stop control.
237 for machine element or mechanism.
244 268, 285, 292, 304, 305, 307, 310, and 312 for
compositions.
250.1 for acoustics.
250.1 for recorders.
250.1 264, and 265 for Chemistry: Physical Processes.
265 for gas separation: apparatus.
265 for gas separation: processes.
265 for Mineral Oils: Apparatus.
265 for Mineral Oils: Processes And Products.
265 for refrigeration.
285 for coating apparatus.
285 for chemistry of carbon compounds.
285 for Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes.
285 and 292 for compositions: coating or plastic.
285 and 315 for adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical
manufacture.
285 and 315 for static structures (e.g., buildings).
300 for a detailed discussion of processes involving no more
than placing specific compounds or compositions in a well
using insignificant manipulative steps.
311 for cleaning and liquid contact with solids.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for apparatus
designed or adapted for cleaning for other than well use
104.05 for pipe, tube, or conduit cleaner, subclass 249.1
for a brush or broom flue cleaning implement or subclasses
249.2+ for a scraper-type cleaning implement. (Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, Devices or Processes in
Wells or the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, subclass 232 for
processes of gas sampling involving the use of sorbents or
chemical treatments which may include a shaft sunk in the
ground to collect gas for analysis. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Well Shafts and Methods and
the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, subclass 232 for gas
analyzing process for use in a gas well, involving the use of
sorbents. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
29, Metal Working, appropriate subclasses for processes or
apparatus for assembling or disassembling well structures
above ground, or in which there is no special relationship
with the well. See Subclass References to the Current Class,
above.
30, Cutlery, 92 for pipe cutting implements. (Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, Devices or Processes in
Wells or the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
33, Geometrical Instruments, appropriate subclasses, for
instruments, per se, for measuring distances, angles, and the
like in a well, subclass 302 and 304+, for borehole
direction or inclination sensing and indicating. (Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, Devices or Processes in
Wells or the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
37, Excavating, 54 for dredgers. (Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, Well Shafts and Methods and the Like
Elsewhere Classified.)
37, Excavating, subclass 182 and subclasses 183+ for orange
peel and clamshell buckets, which may be inserted in a well.
(Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Devices or
Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 124 for vermin
destroying shafts sunk in the earth. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Well Shafts and Methods and
the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 19, 169.1+, 192+,
223.1, 245+, and 261 for a masonry construction surrounding
an open space which may form a cistern or well wherein no
feature peculiar to well operation, e.g., screens, pumps,
driving points, shoes, etc., is defined. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Well Shafts and Methods and
the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
62, Refrigeration, 45 for subject matter, including wells,
for the use and handling of liquefied gas. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Well Shafts and Methods and
the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
72, Metal Deforming. See Subclass References to the Current
Class, above.
73, Measuring and Testing, 151.01 for subject matter
relating to bore hole studies and subclasses 863+ for soil
gas sampling devices. (Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Well Shafts and Methods and the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses, especially
152.01 for instruments, per se, (including subcombination
means such as packers or anchors for perfecting the measuring
or Testing Function) for bore hole studies and subclasses
863+ for fluid samplers of general utility. Class 166 takes
devices for taking a sample of fluid from a potential
producing horizon of a well, but such sampling combined with
measuring or testing or bore hole study is in Class 73.
Devices or methods for sampling gas from the soil by means
sunk into the ground to a point not far from the surface of
the ground are in Class 73, subclasses 863+. (Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, Devices or Processes in
Wells or the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
74, Machine Element or Mechanism. See Subclass References to
the Current Class, above.
81, Tools. See Subclass References to the Current Class,
above.
83, Cutting. See Subclass References to the Current Class,
above.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 172 for pistons, and
particularly subclass 180, for an elongated tubular well type
plunger, and subclasses 240+ for a piston having the side
wall portion thereof provided with a peripheral axially
extending flexible lip. A piston which is fluid driven for
treating a well (e.g., for cementing) is classified in Class
166, subclasses 153+. (Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like
Elsewhere Classified.)
95, Gas Separation: Processes, 241 for degasification of
liquid and other appropriate subclasses for processes to be
used near oil or gas wells to separate gas from other
constituents discharged from the well. Claims to these
processes may include a nominal recitation of the well
process. However, a detailed recitation of the well process
or a recitation of an input well receiving material from the
separator indicates classification in Class 166. See
Subclass Refereneces to the Current Class, above.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 155 for degasifying means for
liquid and other appropriate subclasses for apparatus to be
used near oil or gas wells to separate gas from other
constituents discharged from the well. Claims to this
apparatus may include a nominal recitation of the well.
However, a detailed recitation of the well or a recitation of
an input well receiving material from the separator indicates
classification in Class 166. See Subclass References to the
Current Class, above.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 301 for apparatus and
methods for causing an explosion in a well to break up a
formation, clean a bore, or perform other functions involving
only an explosion. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic. See Subclass
References to the Current Class, above.
111, Planting, 118 for devices for placing fluids below the
surface of the earth without any expectation of recovering
them and subclasses 89+ for dibbles. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Well Shafts and Methods and
the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
114, Ships. See Subclass References to the Current Class,
above.
118, Coating Apparatus. See Subclass References to the
Current Class, above.
126, Stoves and Furnaces. See Subclass References to the
Current Class, above.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids. See Subclass
References to the Current Class, above.
137, Fluid Handling, 272 for fire hydrants and subclasses
363+ for ground supporting enclosures. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Well Shafts and Methods and
the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses for fluid
handling devices of general application and not having a
specific location in a well or other specific relationship to
a well, especially 67 for such devices with destructible or
deformable element control other than valves or closures in
wells destructible by drilling, subclass 155 for gas lift
valves for wells and subclass 515 for direct response valves
in couplings for co-axial conduits. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Devices or Processes in Wells
or the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 37 for flow restrictors or
pipes with flow restrictors; and subclasses 100-178 for
conduit structure of general utility, including conduits
disclosed only for use as well casings or tubings. (Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, Well Shafts and
Methods and the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 89 for closures and plugs
other than plugs which are inserted into a prepositioned well
conduit. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for process and apparatus for
laminating in general and see especially 293 and 423+ for
inserting a core within a tube combined with a laminating
step. A process of lining a well or conduit in a well is
classified in Class 166. (Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like
Elsewhere Classified.)
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 45 for a geos:graphically
installed heat exchanger that may comprise a well. Heat
exchange apparatus comprising part of a well apparatus for
producing or treating a well would be classified in Class
166. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Well
Shafts and Methods and the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
169, Fire Extinguishers, 2 for processes for extinguishing
or preventing well fires, and also patents for apparatus for
extinguishing or preventing fires claiming no more of the
well than cooperates with the fire extinguishing or
preventing means and also claiming some fire extinguishing or
prevention feature beyond a mere cap or casing head, means
for diverting flow or means for inserting a fluid into the
well. See Subclass References to the Current Class, above.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting. See Subclass References to
the Current Class, above.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 1 for
processes or apparatus for boring including seismic shock
generation; subclasses 2+ for processes or apparatus for
boring by below ground explosion, and including a device for
firing a bullet or exploding a shaped charge from an
inaccessible bore to penetrate the formation, to enlarge the
bore, or form a bore, and including such device even when
limited by disclosure to merely perforating or cutting a
casing or other wall member in the bore if the device
inherently causes penetration of the formation; subclasses
11+ for processes or apparatus for boring by directly
applying heat to fluidize or comminute the earth; especially
subclass 12 for combustion of the earth formation itself and
subclass 16 for electrically produced heat; subclass 17 for
processes or apparatus including heating or cooling either
within the bore or of the drilling fluid (merely using
drilling fluid to cool or heat is not included); subclasses
40+ for processes or apparatus for boring including
signaling, indicating, testing or measuring and especially
subclass 45 for tool direction or inclination measuring or
indicating within the bore; subclasses 57+ for earth boring
processes, per se, and especially subclass 59 for processes
of taking samples of solid earth formation including (1)
retaining fluid in the solid sample or (2) taking a separate
fluid sample (processes of taking a fluid sample only are in
Class 166; see Subclass References to the Current Class,
above); subclass 77 for side wall tools fed laterally of an
existing bore hole (fluid conducting lateral probes sealed to
the well wall are in Class 166; see Subclass References to
the Current Class, above); subclasses 79+ for tool shafts
which are advanced relative to a guide (e.g., whipstock)
insertable in a well bore to change the direction of advance
(means for guiding an insertable element laterally of the
well axis, e.g., whipstock, per se, are in Class 166; see
Subclass References to the Current Class, above); subclass 84
for boring apparatus with an above ground cleaner therefor;
subclasses 98+ for a below ground tool drive motor with an
expansible anchor; subclasses 207+ for boring apparatus with
above ground means for handling drilling fluid or cuttings,
especially subclasses 209+ in which the means engages the
bore entrance; subclass 230 for boring apparatus including an
expanding anchor; subclasses 293+ for below ground hammer or
impact devices claimed, per se, (well devices combined with a
jar for releasing a stuck part are in Class 166; see Subclass
References to the Current Class, above); subclass 314 for
boring apparatus combined with a well type screen; and
subclass 402 for an earth cutting casing shoe type bit. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Relationship
To Class 175, Boring or Penetrating The Earth, above.)
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclasses,
for processes and apparatus for boring or penetrating the
earth, see particularly Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, above, and the search notes located within this
section. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
181, Acoustics, 102, for mechanical acoustical devices
inserted in wells.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control. See Subclass
References to the Current Class, above.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus. See Subclass References to
the Current Class, above.
203, Distillation: Processes Separatory. See Subclass
References to the Current Class.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products. See Subclass
References to the Current Class.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 459 for filters and
strainers which may be used in a well or as a pump intake.
See Class 166, subclass 227 for the line between Classes 166
and 210. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 294 for diverse
distinct separators, subclasses 322+ for plural distinct
separators, subclasses 348+ for a filter, and subclasses 513+
for a gravitational separator. See Subclass References to
the Current Class, above.
219, Electric Heating, 277 for electric heaters, per se, for
lowering into a well. The combination of a heater and well
structure is in Class 166. The well structure, for example,
may be no more than a tubing for flowing fluid from or into
the well. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
220, Receptacles, for receptacles of general utility.
222, Dispensing, 356 and the subclasses there noted for
dipping type dispensers not used in a well. (Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, Devices or Processes in
Wells or the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
235, Registers. See Subclass References to the Current
Class, above.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing. See Subclass
References to the Current Class, above.
250, Radiant Energy, 83 for ray energy detection or
measurement in wells. (Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like
Elsewhere Classified.)
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for
valves and valve actuators of general application and not
having a specific location in a well or other specific
relationship to a well, especially subclass 76 for impact
actuated valves, subclasses 142+ for a flow path with a
single valve, and subclasses 341+ for valves in which the
valve actuator is the valve casing or a continuation thereof.
(Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Devices or
Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 1.1 for valve type blowout
preventers, per se, on well casing heads. See Subclass
References to the Current Class, above.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing and Pulling
Force. See Subclass References to the Current Class, above.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. See Subclass References
to the Current Class, above.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes. See Subclass References to the Current Class,
above.
277, Joint Packing, for packing structure of general
application particularly 5 for a packing between a casing
and a relatively movable sectional rod and subclass 31 for a
rotatable packing between a casing and a reciprocating rod.
(Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Devices or
Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, appropriate subclasses for
joints between pipes, including tubing and casing sections of
general utility. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, Well Shafts and Methods and the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, 68.22 for
hoist buckets to be inserted into a well, and subclasses 65.5
and 86.1+ for grappling devices for withdrawing loose or
stuck objects from a well. Grapples for Class 294 may
include means for washing dirt away from the object to be
grappled. Processes for withdrawing loose or stuck objects
from a well involving the use of grappling devices are
classified in appropriate subclasses in Class 166. The line
between hoisting buckets or grapples for Class 294 and
receptacles for Class 166 is set forth in Class 166,
subclasses 99 and 162. The line between grapples for Class
294 and expansible anchors for Class 166 is set forth in
Class 166, subclass 206. (Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like
Elsewhere Classified.)
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
appropriate subclass for recovering hard, solid, valuable
materials from the earth and for utilizing a tunnel (a
horizontal earth passage in which a human works) to recover
valuable fluid material from the earth. Wells and well
processes for extracting fluid from the earth, including
petroliferous material such as freely flowing oil, oil
adhered to the formation which must be recovered by secondary
methods, asphalts and tars are classified in Class 166.
Furthermore, wells and well processes for recovering
hydrocarbons from material such as shale by treating the
material in situ to remove only liquid or gas, or for
treating or converting solid hydrocarbons such as coal or
lignite in situ for recovery solely as a liquid or gas are
classified in Class 166. However, wells and well processes
for treating or comminuting solid materials other than
hydrocarbons (e.g., sulfur and salt) for recovery in the
liquid or gaseous state are classified in Class 299.
Likewise, wells and well processes for recovering valuable
solid material including hydrocarbons such as coal, oil shale
or oil sand, where any of the valuable material is removed
from the well in the solid state, are classified in Class
299. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Well
Shafts and Methods and the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 323 for subject
matter relating to the determination of an electrical
characteristic of the sub-surface of the earth, and involving
devices in wells. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
340, Communications: Electrical, 853.1 for telemetering in
wells. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate
subclasses for radar systems in wells. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Devices or Processes in Wells
or the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
346, Recorders. See Subclass References to the Current
Class, above.
366, Agitating, see Subclass References to the Current Class,
above.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 25 for seismic well logging; subclasses 81+ for
acoustic wellbore telemetering; and subclass 86 for acoustic
borehole testing. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 8 for a pressurized
caisson; subclasses 36+ for drainage systems comprising
shafts sunk in the earth for removing surplus water from the
soil; subclasses 53+ for underground storage of fluids;
subclass 133 for methods and structure relating to shafts of
general utility sunk into the earth, and for methods and
apparatus for the sinking of shafts, including well shafts,
by means of a caisson or other similar means for excavating
earth beneath a shaft being sunk; subclass 249 for methods
and structure relating to the sinking of a caisson or hollow
shaft which is subsequently filled to form a pile or pier;
and subclass 272 for temporary shoring means. (Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, Well Shafts and Methods
and the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 53 for apparatus and
processes involving means for creating a chamber in the earth
for storing fluid, operated solely from above the surface of
the ground; subclasses 232+ for processes and apparatus for
installing piles in the earth, especially subclasses 233+ for
casting a pile of hardenable material in situ; subclass 234
combined with heating, cooling, or explosion; and subclasses
240+ combined with withdrawal of a form structure subsequent
to placing the fluent material. (Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, Devices or Processes in Wells or the
Like Elsewhere Classified.)
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, see
Subclass References to the Current Class, above.
417, Pumps, for means for pumping liquid out of wells,
especially 56, for drilled well free piston type pumps,
subclasses 86 and 118+, for pneumatic displacement pumps,
subclasses 90+, and 108+, for aerated column pumps, subclass
358, for a pump-motor unit raised in a well conduit by
pressure fluid applied below the unit, subclass 434, for
pumps with a separate port or noncyclic valve for draining a
pump portion, subclasses 448+, for well pumps removable as a
unit by drive rod manipulation and subclasses 451+, for well
removable with the pumping member. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Summary of Well Feature.)
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for pumps inserted in a
well. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
417, Pumps, 63 for apparatus having (1) signals, indicators,
registers, recorders, or gauges for indicating a condition of
the pump or pumped fluid or the position of a pump part such
as a piston, control member, valve, etc., such devices
comprising relatively movable, changeable or audible
information giving parts, or (2) transparent viewing means
whereby the pump operation or the condition of some part
thereof may be observed.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible
chamber devices, per se. The line between Classes 166 and
418 is the same as that set forth between Classes 166 and 417
for which see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class
in the main class definition to Class 166. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Devices or Processes in Wells
or the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 50 for apparatus
for gas sampling involving use of sorbents or chemical
treatments which may include a shaft sunk in the ground to
collect gas for analysis. (Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, Well Shafts and Methods and the Like
Elsewhere Classified.)
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 83 for gas
analyzing apparatus for use in a well, involving the use of
sorbents.
427, Coating Processes, 230 for processes of Coating the
interior of hollow articles in general. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Devices or Processes in Wells
or the Like Elsewhere Classified.)
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, for
processes for gas sampling involving the use of sorbents or
chemical treatments which may include a shaft sunk in the
ground to collect samples. (Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, Well Shafts and Methods and the Like
Elsewhere Classified.)
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
for processes involving no more than placing specific
compounds or compositions in a well using insignificant
manipulative steps. See Subclass References to the Current
Class above for a subclass Reference to a detailed
discussion. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like Elsewhere
Classified.)
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry.
See Class 166, Section II, Lines With Other Classes,
subsection D, Devices or Processes in Wells or the Like
Elsewhere Classified, and subclass 244.1, 268, 285, 292, 304,
305.1, 307, 310, 312, and 371.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting. See Class 166, subclass 244.1, and 309.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclass 6 for computations in the application of well
logging.
703, Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling,
Simulation, and Emulation, subclass 10 for mathematical
simulation of a fluid well.
GLOSSARY:
CASING
A pipe which lines all or a portion of the wall of a well.
The casing may be adjacent the wall of the well for only a
part of its length and lie within another casing section for
the remainder of its length. The casing usually is of metal
and is used with cement between it and the well wall. The
casing is intended to form the permanent lining of the well.
CENTRAL CHAMBER
A generic term covering both a central conduit, as defined
below, and a receptacle for bodily transport of fluid
material from inside the well to the top of the well or
bodily transport of material from the top of the well for
discharge at a point in the well. In a well device the
central chamber is considered to be the primary locus from
which or to which fluid is moved. For example, the "central
chamber" in a tester is the sample chamber receiving the test
fluid, whether this be a receptacle or a tubing, while the
"central chamber" in a liquid discharging washer is the
primary place from which liquid flows, whether this be a
tubing or a receptacle.
CENTRAL CONDUIT
Any passage forming conduit which extends from the top of the
well into the well and is positioned within another conduit.
The central conduit may be, for example, a string of tubing
positioned within another tubing or within the casing, or it
may be a string of casing positioned within the well bore.
FLUID
A material capable of flowing. It includes gases, liquids,
plastics, and solids which can be handled in the manner of a
liquid.
LINER
A column of casing having screen forming perforations which
does not extend to the top of the well and which is usually
the lowest column of casing in the well. The liner is placed
in position by lowering it from the top of the well through
the casing sections already placed in well. The perforations
may be formed before the liner is run into the well or after.
The liner is sometimes surrounded by a perforated section of
casing, the liner then becoming a secondary lining section of
the well.
TUBING
A pipe for conducting fluids which extends from the top of
the well to some point below and lies within the casing or is
used without a casing as a temporary structure.
WELL CONDUIT
Either (1) a well tubing, (2) a well casing, or (3) the earth
or cementitious wall of the well.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising a main vertical shaft and one or more
conduits extending outwardly transversely into the formation
for collecting fluid therefrom or inserting fluid thereinto.
(1) Note. The transversely extending conduits of this
subclass comprise relatively long tubes. See subclass 100
for a short probing member carried by a central tube and
extending transversely into the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 61 and 62 for
processes of boring (1) curved or re-directed bores or (2)
horizontal bores, respectively.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclass 19 for a mining plan or layout which may comprise
lateral tunnels or drifts large enough for a person to work
in extending outwardly from a vertical shaft.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 36 for wells with
lateral conduits for collecting surplus water from the soil.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising means specially adapted for use in the
operation of placing a mass of filter material, e.g., gravel,
in final position in the well.
(1) Note. Means for merely lowering a preformed screen or
bed of filter material into the well is not included. Such
filter beds may have means aiding to form them above ground
or a contiguous reservoir for filter material which is
intended to fall down to replenish the main filter bed. Also
means for merely supporting filter material placed into the
well are not included. See subclass 228 for all these
devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for screens comprising filter material.
278 for processes of placing a bed of filter material.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising a plurality of wells.
(1) Note. One or more of the wells may be a shaft for
placing fluid in a porous earth strata.
(2) Note. Also included are wells, such as drive points,
which may be connected below ground with a single shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 for a well comprising a single vertical shaft and plural
laterally extending fluid collecting or discharging
conduits.
245 for processes involving specific patterns of plural
well.
251.1 and 256+, for processes involving plural wells and in
situ combustion.
252 and 268+, for processes involving injection and
producing wells.
263 for processes involving cyclic operation of plural
wells.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising means to sense a condition which may or
may not be present or may occur spasmodically, and cause
operation of a control device, without the intervention of a
human operator, (e.g., liquid level or specific gravity
responsive devices, temperature responsive devices or
self-correlating devices).
(1) Note. For a definition of self-correlating see Class
137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 87.01+.
(2) Note. Control devices for signals or indicators and
control devices comprising valves or closures across a
passage operated to control fluid flowing in the passage by
means sensing the pressure or velocity of the fluid flowing
in said passage and control devices operated in response to
means sensing inertia, gravity, time, the bottom of the well,
an obstruction in the well, a break, projection, cavity or
joint in a well are not considered automatically operated in
this class and are classified on other features.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for well devices with means indicating time or distance
or with counting means or temperature responsive means, the
temperature responsive means sensing temperature as part of
an operating cycle or by insertion into a zone of
predetermined temperature which causes a predetermined
response.
66 for well devices with electrical indicating means.
113 for well devices with mechanical indicating means.
132 for well devices comprising packers or plugs with
expanding anchors and having means to sense the end of a
conduit.
206 and the subclasses there noted for anchor devices caused
to be set by a means sensing a cavity, joint or break in a
wall or caused to be set by an inertia or gravity sensing
means, especially subclasses 209+ for anchors caused to be
set by inertia or gravity sensing means and subclasses 214+
for anchors caused to be set by means sensing a cavity joint
or break in a well wall.
226 and the subclasses there noted for valves, closures or
changeable restrictors caused to be operated by means sensing
the well bottom or an obstruction or projection in the well.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Devices
comprising valves controlled by a float responsive to the
change in level or specific gravity of a fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 409 for float controlled valves, per
se.
Subclass:
54.1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising a well having plural earth formations
which are isolated from each other so that fluid is
separately obtainable therefrom and in which pumping means,
comprising one or more individual pumps, is operatively
associated to pump from each formation for separate delivery
of the fluids from the well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for plural wells.
Subclass:
54.5
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising means for severing a flexible strand such
as a cable, rope or the like, the severing means being
located in a well below ground level when performing the
severing operation.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 75.1 for the meaning
of ground level as used in this definition.
(2) Note. The cable or rope may be used to suspend a tool,
such as an earth boring bit or the like, and the nominal
recitation of a tool by name will not preclude classification
in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for means perforating, weakening, bending or separating
pipe at any point in a well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, 92, and the search there noted, for pipe or rod
cutters of general utility.
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, subclass 17.2
for devices for cutting a fishing line near the hook or for
otherwise releasing the hook or other fishing element.
114, Ships, 221 for ship working implements including
devices for cutting a ship's cable when the anchor is caught
or for other reasons.
Subclass:
54.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.5. Devices
comprising a means for causing the operation of the severing
means which requires contact of some part of the device with
a stationary object in the well for its operation, the
stationary object being a member which is held in position in
the well by the flexible strand which is to be severed.
(1) Note. Many of the devices found in the subclasses noted
in the Search Class Notes of subclass 54.5 are of this type.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising means for perforating, weakening, bending
or separating the side wall of a well pipe at a location in
the pipe which has not been specially preconditioned for such
action.
(1) Note. A means for merely indicating the location in a
pipe at which an operation such as cutting is to be performed
is not considered a special preconditioning of the pipe.
(2) Note. The earth wall of the well is not considered a
"pipe".
(3) Note. A mere pipe coupling sleeve is not a specially
preconditioned location.
(4) Note. A device to fire a bullet or explode a shaped
charge to perforate a casing or other wall member in a bore
is classified in Class 175, even though there is no
disclosure that penetration of the earth occurs.
(5) Note. If the device functions above ground level some
significant limitation to the well art should be present for
classification under this definition, but if the device
functions below ground level a disclosure line prevails,
except where there is a body of art in other classes relating
to such devices used in a well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for devices involving explosive apparatus similar to that
found in subclass 55 but used for penetrating only the
formation rather than a pipe or a pipe and the formation.
297 for processes for perforating, weakening, bending or
separating pipe at an unprepared point.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, 92 for pipe and rod cutters not disclosed as
for use in a wall.
60, Power Plants, 632, for one shot explosion actuated
expansible chamber type motors.
72, Metal Deforming, appropriate subclass for a pipe
deforming means of general utility, including a pipe
deforming means described as functioning in a well and
particularly 112 for a tool which orbits or rotates as it
operates and subclass 391 for a tool having motion in a fixed
path to deform fixed material.
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses, for method and apparatus
for cutting or punching holes in a tubular workpiece.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 306 for well torpedoes for
breaking up formation, generating seismic sounds or cleaning
the bore.
137, Fluid Handling, 317, for fluid handling devices of
general application including means for tapping, boring or
drilling a container or main under pressure.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 2 for a device for
firing a bullet or exploding a shaped charge from an
inaccessible bore to penetrate the formation and including
such a device even when limited by disclosure to merely
perforating or cutting a casing or other wall member in the
bore, subclasses 249+ for earth boring apparatus with a core
retaining or severing means which is movable relative to a
bit and subclasses 263+ for an earth boring cutter element
which is laterally shifted below ground.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, 86.1 for
means for separating a pipe in a well by a mere grappling
action.
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
appropriate subclasses, for general utility cutting in the
manner of that class.
Subclass:
55.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Devices
including a means for performing a function below ground
level unlike and other than a function which directly
contributes to the use of the device as a perforating,
weakening, bending or separating device.
(1) Note. The means for performing an unlike function
comprise, for example, means to collect a fluid sample,
insert an orifice bushing in a pipe wall, insert treating
fluid or cement into the well or grapple or otherwise remove
an object from the well (unless the grappling or removing
means also performs a function which is necessary to the
perforating, weakening, bending or separating operation, such
as grappling in order to activate cutting means, such
grappling means being found in the following subclasses
indented under subclass 55).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 2 for a device which
fires a bullet or explodes a shaped charge for perforating a
wall member in a bore which device inherently causes
penetration of the formation, especially subclass 4.51 for
such device which has a position indicating or orienting
means and subclass 4.52 for such device which has a wall
engaging packer or anchor. In accordance with the line
between Classes 166 and 175, as set forth in the class
definition of Class 175, Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, and the definition of Class 175, subclass 2, a
claim to an apparatus comprising a gun or shaped charge
perforating means disclosed as inherently functioning to
penetrate the earth is classifiable in Class 175, subclasses
2+ even if it also recites a disparate well feature. Thus,
apparatus patents of this type are classified as originals in
Class 175 and cross-referenced to Class 166, subclass 55.1 if
appropriate while patents of this type with method claims are
classified as originals in Class 166, subclass 35 and
cross-referenced to a suitable apparatus subclass if
appropriate.
Subclass:
55.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Devices
comprising a mechanical tool for forming an aperture or
fissure in the wall of the pipe.
(1) Note. An aperture or fissure formed merely by direct
application of heat or fluid pressure is not considered an
aperture formed within this subclass definition.
Subclass:
55.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.2. Devices in
which the tool is forced or guided into engagement with the
wall of the well pipe by means comprising a member having an
angular or curvilinear surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117.5 for means for guiding an insertable element laterally
of the well axis (e.g., whipstocks).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 79 for earth boring
apparatus in which the tool shaft is advanced relative to a
guide insertable in an inaccessible hole (e.g., well bore) to
change the direction of advance.
Subclass:
55.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Devices in
which a cutting tool is revolved around the periphery of the
well pipe and in contact therewith during the cutting
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, 94 for cutters, not disclosed as for use in a
well, in which the cutting element is rotated about the
exterior of a tube.
Subclass:
55.7
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.6. Devices in
which the cutting tool is located inside the pipe and
advances outwardly for cutting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, 103 for cutters, not disclosed for use in a
well, in which the cutting element is rotated internally of a
pipe.
Subclass:
55.8
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.7. Devices in
which a gaseous or liquid medium under pressure is used to
apply a radial force to the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 267 and the search
there noted, for laterally shiftable earth cutting elements
or other elements movable by fluid pressure.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Devices under
the class definition comprising a well screen combined with a
pipe located outside of the screen for handling fluid to
clean the screen or the bed of earth or filter material
outside of the screen.
(1) Note. The pipe may be located inside of an outer screen
member so long as it is located outside of an inner screen
member.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices for causing a heating, refrigerating or heat
insulating effect.
(1) Note. For classification in this and indented
subclasses the apparatus must be described as purposely
intended to perform the said functions. An apparatus adapted
to perform some other function and causing a mere inherent,
unclaimed heating, refrigerating or insulating effect is not
classified in this group of subclasses. Such apparatus is
classified on other features.
(2) Note. The mere use of the earth as an insulating means,
(as when a tunnel is used to inject fluid in a well and the
earth above the tunnel insulates it) is not included. See
subclasses 75.11+ (especially 90.1) for such devices.
(3) Note. Where the sole function of an element is
described as for supplying a heating or refrigerating or
insulating effect, classification is in this or indented
subclasses even if such function is not claimed.
(4) Note. A device comprising a heating means used merely
to set off an explosion, the explosion being intended to
accomplish some function due to the violent pressure exerted
and not due to heat is not classified in subclasses 57+. See
subclasses 55 and 63 for such devices.
(5) Note. An internal combustion engine, per se, is not
considered a heating means if the only use of the engine is
for driving a shaft or the like.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90 for nozzles for inserting a steam into a casing, casing
head or tubing to extinguish a fire.
302 and the subclasses there noted for processes involving
heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for heaters
of general utility.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 11 for processes or
apparatus for boring by directly applying heat to fluidize or
comminute the earth formation and subclass 17 for processes
or apparatus including heating or cooling within the bore, or
heating or cooling the drilling fluid.
417, Pumps, 73, for combustion type pumps for wells.
431, Combustion, appropriate subclass for a burner, per se,
particularly subclass 202 for a burner broadly related to
other structures or having a geos:graphic feature.
432, Heating, appropriate subclasses for a residual means for
application of heat to materials or bodies.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Devices
comprising (1) means for supporting a supply of fuel in the
well or (2) a heated bar or container adapted to be lowered
into the well after it is heated or filled with a hot
material.
(1) Note. "Fuel" in this subclass is any material which is
intended to enter into an exothermic chemical reaction in the
well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for pipe perforating, weakening bending or separating
means involving exothermically reacting materials inserted in
a well.
63 for explosive or gas generating means in a well in which
the purpose of the explosion or gas generation is not to
evolve heat, being usually to generate pressure or deliver a
fracturing blow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for heaters,
especially 263.01 for heaters, heating by reaction of
chemicals in a container and not disclosed or claimed as only
used in a well.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Devices
comprising means for burning fuel in the well, the fuel being
fed to the burner from a source outside of the well.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Devices
comprising electrical heating means situated below ground
level.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 16 for
processes or apparatus of boring by directly applying
electrically produced heat to fluidize or comminute the earth
formation.
219, Electric Heating, 277 for electrical oil well heaters,
per se. See the class definition of Class 166 for the line.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Devices in
which a heating means surrounds the well conduit through
which the earth fluid flows to the surface of the ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for devices in which a heater surrounds only a pump
rather than the conduit.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Devices
comprising pump or plunger means in the well for drawing well
fluids out of the well or into a receptacle which is lifted
out of the well.
(1) Note. Devices in which a heated fluid is conveyed into
the well so as to act as both a heating and a lifting means
are not considered to be pumps for this subclass. Such
devices may be found in subclass 57.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for well devices comprising a heater surrounding a pump
production tube.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising an explosive means or a means capable of
generating gas, the means in each case being located in the
well below ground level.
(1) Note. The "gas generating means" may be a closed
container containing compressed gas which is to be released.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for explosive or gas generating devices for perforating,
weakening, bending or separating a well pipe at any
unprepared point other than devices for firing a bullet or
exploding a shaped charge which inherently cause penetration
of the formation for which see Class 175, subclasses 2+.
57 for heating means which may cause generation of gas in
the formation or well.
162 for receptacle in which gas (e.g., air) originally not
under pressure may be trapped by fluid rushing in, the gas
thus being compressed and escaping.
299 and subclasses there noted for processes involving an
explosion in the well.
309 for processes involving producing foam or gas in a well
by a foaming or gas producing material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 632 for one shot explosion actuated
expansible chamber type motors.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 301 for well torpedoes for
use in a well to break up a formation, clean a bore, etc.,
and for a well torpedo combined with a plug which acts as a
tamping means. Class 166, subclass 63, however, take an
explosive surrounded by material to form a plug when the
explosion occurs.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 2 for subject matter
relating to a device for firing a bullet or exploding a
shaped charge in an inaccessible bore to penetrate the earth
formation or perforate or cut a casing or other wall member
in the bore and inherently penetrate the formation.
417, Pumps, 73, for combustion type pumps for wells.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices combined with means for measuring time or distance,
responding to temperature changes for performing some
function, or counting objects such as joint couplings.
(1) Note. A mere delayed action response to a condition
such as provided by a damper is not considered time
measuring. Such devices are classified on other bases.
(2) Note. Means with indicia to indicate the position of
adjustment of a device such as a valve or telescoping part
are not included in this subclass. Such a means in
combination with a well device would be classifiable in
subclass 113.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, appropriate subclasses for means
for measuring distance.
235, Registers, appropriate subclasses for counters, per se.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 556
for the basic measurements of temperature, distance, or time
which include a computation.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 136 for
subsurface temperature determination other than for strata
identification.
Subclass:
65.1
WITH ELECTRICAL MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices provided with a specific electrical component (e.g.,
particular electrical conductor, insulator or magnetic
structure).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for well devices comprising electrical heaters.
63 for electrical means for igniting an explosive charge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators appropriate
subclass for these types of devices which may be located in a
well device or well.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate
subclass for an electrical with means which may be located in
a well device or well.
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclass for an
electrical connector which may be located in a well device or
well.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1. Devices in
which an electric means is used for furnishing information to
an observer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 312, for electrical
telemetering of sensed borehole direction or inclination.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 40, for processes or
apparatus for boring including signaling, indicating, testing
or measuring.
250, Radiant Energy, 83, for ray energy detection or
measurement.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 1, for apparatus
relating to the determination of an electrical characteristic
of the subsurface of the earth.
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for electrical
automatic condition responsive indicating systems.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 25 for electro acoustic well logging; subclasses
81+ for electro acoustic wellbore telemetering; and subclass
86 for electro acoustic borehole testing.
Subclass:
66.4
Electric motor (e.g., solenoid actuator):
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1. Devices in
which the electrical means includes structure to convert
electrical energy into mechanical motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate
subclass for an electric motor of general utility.
Subclass:
66.5
Magnetic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1. Electrical
component including permanent magnetic or electromagnet
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66.4 for well means including motor structure, the motor
structure generally having magnetic elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclass
for an earth boring bit which is magnetized or includes a
magnet.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 65.5
for a grapple adapted to be used in a borehole and provided
with magnetic means.
Subclass:
66.6
Valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1. Electrical
means for a flow regulating means operable in the well to
effect fluid movement.
Subclass:
66.7
Longitudinally movable operator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66.6. Valve with
electrical means in which the flow regulator is opened,
closed, or adjusted by an element shifted parallel to the
well pipe or casing.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising means intended to function and remain
above ground level combined with means intended to function
in the well below ground level.
(1) Note. Some specific feature of both the above ground
level and below ground level means must be recited in a claim
for classification of a patent in this or indented
subclasses. The mere recitation of a cable, pipe, rod,
tubing or casing for insertion in a bore hole is not
sufficient. Above ground level apparatus combined with such
features will be found in subclasses 75.11+ or in other
subclasses, according to the subject matter involved.
(2) Note. The mere recitation by name only of a pump above
ground for inserting a treating or circulating fluid is not
sufficient for classification of a patent in this or indented
subclasses. Such patents are classified on other
characteristics.
(3) Note. See subclass 75.11 for the meaning of ground
level in this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
335 for a well which is above ground but below water. Note,
however, that a well device which is disclosed as being under
water but in which no claim is made to a feature peculiarly
adapting the device to function under water is considered as
if the water were not present and is classifiable in
subclasses 67+ if it otherwise meets the definition of
subclass 67.
51 for above and below ground apparatus for placing gravel.
52 for above and below ground apparatus associated with a
plurality of wells.
53 for above and below ground apparatus with automatic
means.
57 for above and below ground apparatus for heating,
refrigerating or with heat insulating means.
64 for above and below ground apparatus with time or
distance measuring, temperature responsive or counting
means.
65.1 for above and below ground apparatus with electrical
means.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Devices
comprising pump or plunger means situated in the well for
drawing fluid out of the well or into a receptacle which is
then taken out of the well.
(1) Note. See the class definition of Class 166 for the
line with Class 417.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 and 62, for well devices for heating or refrigerating
combined with an eduction pump in a well.
Subclass:
68.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Devices
comprising (1) an above ground driving motor for actuating
the below ground pump or plunger, said motor being carried on
a ground embedded casing or an embedded foundation which
supports a casing or (2) an above ground pump means which
acts on fluid derived from the well.
(1) Note. The pump means under part (2) of the above
definition may be a pump for supplying motive fluid to a
drive motor for the below ground pump, the main criteria
being that the fluid be derived from the same well.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Devices
comprising the combination of an above ground apparatus and a
receptacle for insertion in the well.
(1) Note. The claiming of a magazine other than the casing
for receiving the receptacle, or a means associated with the
well for engaging the receptacle to support or open it is
sufficient for classification in this subclass.
(2) Note. A "receptacle" is a device which discharges
material in the well or receives fluid from the well and
transports its contents between the top of the well and the
point of use by its own bodily movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
162 for receptacles to be inserted into the well for
function therein and also having means which descend into the
well with the receptacle but are intended to function only
above ground. An example is a bailing receptacle with a
discharge valve which is intended to be opened only above
ground.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, 403 for portable
receptacle emptying devices, and subclasses 639+ and 657+ for
means for lifting well buckets and discharging their contents
outside of the well.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Devices
comprising (1) above ground apparatus claimed in combination
with a piston as defined in subclass 153 or a mechanical
cleaner as defined in subclass 170, or (2) above ground
apparatus with means for engaging a device to be inserted
into the well to restrain the device against upward or
downward movement.
(1) Note. Under (2) of the definition the means for
engaging the device must be something other than a supporting
cable, rod or pipe attached to the device.
(2) Note. The "device" under (2) of the definition must be
something other than a mere tubing, casing, cable or rod
extending into the well from above ground level.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for a sealing means on a casing head for a cable rod or
pipe in combination with means to be engaged by a well device
for causing the sealing means to be released or yield so that
the well device may pass out of the well.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Devices in
which there is an anvil, weight, pushing or turning means for
causing a well casing to sink in the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
173, Tool Driving and Impacting, appropriate subclasses for
devices which provide mechanical movement or blows to a work
contacting element which effect alteration in the work.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Devices
comprising a means situated above ground for causing movement
of means situated below ground in the well.
(1) Note. A valve above ground which causes actuation of a
device in the well by changing pressure conditions is not
considered an actuating means for this subclass.
(2) Note. A mere elongated member such as a wire, rod or
pipe extending from inside the well to the surface is not
considered an actuating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 272.1 for hydrants.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Devices
comprising a tubing or casing which is moved by the actuating
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for above ground casing sinking means.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Devices
comprising a well screen as defined in subclass 227.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for wells with screens and means for placing filter
material.
56 for wells with screens and pipes outside of the screens
for cleaning them or the area around them.
71 for casings with screens and above ground casing sinking
means.
Subclass:
75.11
ABOVE GROUND APPARATUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising means peculiar to a well; e.g., recitation of a
cable, pipe, rod, tubing or casing for insertion in a bore
hole and intended to function with the means and remain at or
above the surrounding terrain.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass ground level is
either (a) the level at which a person may work outside the
casing of the well; this working space being provided either
in the open, by a cellar, or tunnel or (b) the level; e.g.,
in a trench, at which a laterally running pipe line for
discharging well fluid from or inserting treating fluid into
the well is connected to the well casing.
(2) Note. This subclass includes those means adjacent the
defined level though actually below it.
(3) Note. Devices dropped into or forced down along the
length of the well conduit for functioning inside the
conduit, and of a type usually used below ground level, are
excluded even though they may function above ground level.
Such devices are classified on other features, usually as
packers, plugs, pistons or wipers.
(4) Note. A well device which is disclosed as being under
water but in which no claim is made to a feature peculiarly
adapting the device to function under water is considered as
if the water were not present and is classifiable in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for a means of placing a mass of filter material; e.g.,
gravel, in a final position in the well.
65.1 for devices with electrical means.
67 for above and below ground apparatus in combination.
348 for underwater suspension means.
357 for separator attached to a well under water.
360 for underwater assembly means.
365 for underwater disassembly means.
368 for a wellhead which is above ground but below water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, 210.1 and
236.01 for wipers or scrapers applied to well heads for
cleaning pipes, rods, or cable passing to or from the well
with no more of the well casing being claimed than is
necessary to support the wiper or scraper. The wiping or
scraping device may include lateral ports, for the purpose
only of disposing of material removed from an inner member
being wiped.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 89 for pipes or pipe
fittings (including well pipe and fittings) having closures
or plugs, or closures and plugs limited by structure to use
with pipes. Class 138 takes such devices even if named for
use with a well casing but a well feature such as a lateral
port causes classification in Class 166.
169, Fire Extinguishers, subclass 69 for means for
extinguishing well fires involving more than a mere cap,
plug, flow diverter or means for inserting fluid in the
well.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 207 for earth boring
apparatus including above ground means for handling drilling
fluid or cuttings and especially subclasses 209+ for such
apparatus in which the means engages the bore entrance.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 1.1 for blowout preventers
of the type comprising plural relatively movable flow
obstructing members controlling flow through the annular
passage between an inner rod or pipe and a surrounding casing
or tubing head and having characteristics which go beyond a
mere packing means. Addition of a lateral port in a casing
head structure for diverting flow from the well is enough to
cause classification in Class 166, but Class 251 takes
blowout preventers or other valves in appropriate subclasses
even though the valve is operated by the well fluid pressure
or there are plural valves and broad recitations of casing or
casing head structure.
277, Joint Packing, subclass 31 for annular seals or blowout
preventers between an inner cable, rope, rod or pipe and a
casing head. Addition of a well feature such as a port for
handling fluid will cause classification in Class 166. A
means for causing fluid to tighten the packing, however,
would be classifiable in Class 277 with the packing.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 123.3 for joints between
concentric pipes. Class 285 takes casing heads with means
for sealing inner pipes which are normally stationary,
including means for sealing such inner pipes while they are
being run into the well, and/or means for anchoring pipes
against movement up or down with the anchoring feature
comprising more than a mere pipe coupling resting on a
sealing or valve device. The claiming of a fluid handling
feature such as a port or valve will cause classification in
Class 166.
Subclass:
75.12
Treatment of produced fluids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus which the gas or oil (or water) is cleaned,
separated, or filtered.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 207 for earth boring
apparatus including above ground means for handling drilling
fluid or cuttings and especially subclasses 209+ for such
apparatus in which the means engages the bore entrance.
Subclass:
75.13
Well caps or casing heads:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus which prevents the flow of fluid from or into the
well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 89 for pipes or pipe
fittings (including well pipe and fittings) having closures
or plugs, or closures and plugs limited by structure to use
with pipes except for a well feature such as a lateral port.
Subclass:
75.14
Suspension means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus for hanging tubing within a well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for below ground liner hangers.
Subclass:
75.15
With means for injecting solid or particulate material into
the well:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising the particular structure or device for
placing balls, cement, etc.
Subclass:
76.1
Having structure for converting from one mode of operation to
another; e.g., valve to pack-off:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus whose function is changed (a) by reassembling all
or some of their parts in a different relationship or (b) by
adding or omitting a part.
(1) Note. Since well casing heads are commonly arranged
(e.g., with threaded bolts) so that parts may be
interchanged, added or omitted, the convertability feature
must be explicitly discussed in the specification and recited
in the claim for classification here.
(2) Note. The mere use of a valve to shut off flow so parts
may be interchanged, without removal of the valve, is not
considered enough for classification in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for a class device convertible to a nonclass device.
Subclass:
77.1
Moving tubing or cable into an existing well:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising means for pushing a rope-like line or
thin-walled pipe into a cased borehole.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for a casing sinking means with a below ground
modification.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 162 for an
above ground means to feed a boring tool into the earth.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, 29 for pipe or rod jack.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 232 for processes and
apparatus for installing piling.
Subclass:
77.2
Coiled tubing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77.1. Moved tubing
wherein the thin-walled pipe is wound on a reel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 162 for
feeding material by moving a grip element engaging the
material.
Subclass:
77.3
Chain injector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77.2. Moved coiled
tubing wherein the tubing is pushed by a series of links or
rings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 170 for
orbitally traveling material engaging surface on endless belt
or chain.
Subclass:
77.4
Piston and cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77.1. Moved tubing
wherein the thin-walled pipe is pushed by an assembly
including a generally tubular-shaped member confining a
movable mass and driven by fluid pressure.
(1) Note. Patents properly classifiable here must include
specific piston and cylinder structure connections; i.e.,
claims properly classified under subclasses 77.2 and 77.3 are
not classified here.
Subclass:
77.51
With means facilitating connecting or disconnecting supported
tubing or rod sections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising a separate apparatus for effecting the
make-up or break-up of discrete pieces of thin-walled pipe or
tubular bar in a line being inserted or removed from the
well.
(1) Note. The devices classifiable in this subclass must be
specifically described as performing one of the following
functions during the connecting or disconnecting operation
(a) rotate one section of rod or pipe, (b) hold one section
of rod or pipe stationary or (c) temporarily support a
section of rod or pipe.
(2) Note. The separate apparatus under this definition must
be normally separate from the device being assembled or
disassembled and must be something more than a mere
detachable section of pipe constituting a continuation of the
line of pipe being handled.
(3) Note. A mere guide for aligning a rod or pipe section
to be connected or disconnected from another without
supporting the section is excluded from this subclass and
will be found below in subclass 85.1.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78.1 for apparatus for rotating a tubing extending into a
well.
85.1 for above ground apparatus for assembling or
disassembling other well apparatus.
377 for a process of disassembling a well part.
378 for a process of assembling a well part.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
81, Tools, 52 for a wrench or screwdriver, subclasses 54+
for a mechanically operated type and especially subclasses
57+ for use in well operations (pipe tongs).
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, subclass 164 for means to
drive a tool about an axis and having means to hold and
relatively rotate tool shaft sections.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 170 for similar
apparatus combined with a rotary drive for an earth boring
tool.
414, Material or Article Handling, 22.51 for well pipe or
rod racking mechanism.
Subclass:
77.52
With elevator detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77.51. Device for
connecting sections using a specific lifting device for a
pipe or bar.
Subclass:
77.53
Upper and lower slips:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77.51. Device for
connecting sections including wedge-shaped members, usually
with a serrated face, located near the pipe or bar at the top
and bottom.
Subclass:
78.1
With tube rotating means (rotary tables):
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising means for turning a thin-walled pipe
about its axis.
(1) Note. The tubing is usually a pump tubing which is
rotated to distribute wear.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 195, for a
boring apparatus with a tool rotating means.
277, Joint Packing, subclass 31 for rotatable packing for
axially movable rod.
Subclass:
79.1
Cap having transporting means or ground support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus which prevents the flow of fluid from or into the
well including (a) a device having wheels or skids or (b)
structure arranged to merely rest on the area around the pipe
or be connected to either this area or a foundation only,
rather than to the casing or tubing of the well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94.1 for a laterally adjustable cap or head.
Subclass:
80.1
Having retractable pipe section to allow closing of gate type
valve or flapper valve for rod or pipe:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising (a) a discrete tubular member axially
shiftable to enable a flow control means; e.g., gate valve,
to stop flow or (b) a hinged plate allowing passage of a
tubular member or bar in one direction and preventing upward
flow after removal of a tubular member or bar.
(1) Note. The axially adjustable member remains assembled
with the rest of the device at all times.
(2) Note. The pipe section does not have to actuate the
valve.
Subclass:
81.1
Fluid catcher around pipe coupling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising an enclosure or deflecting member, other
than the casing head, placed about a section of well pipe so
that the liquid contents of the pipe may be prevented from
being indiscriminately emitted.
(1) Note. Pipe wipers or cleaners are not properly
classifiable here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80.1 for a retractable pipe section to allow closing of gate
valve or flapper valve for rod or pipe.
82.1 for a releasable seal or cleaner for an inner member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 13 for enclosures about pipe
couplings for collecting leakage from the couplings and
subclasses 148.6+ for a leak-gland type coupling.
Subclass:
82.1
Releasable seal or cleaner disengaged by projection on inner
member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising a detachably connected flow preventing
or enclosure device for tubing, pipe, rod, or wireline within
a casing opened by a lug, movable rod, collar, trip member,
or protuberance on the tubing, pipe, rod, or wireline to
cause the device to be detached from the well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass
220.4, for fabric type wiper for rods, pipes or cables,
subclass 236.01 for a scraper, and subclass 236.1 for a
rotary scraper.
277, Joint Packing, 5 for a packing which opens or yields to
allow a projection on the rod to pass, subclasses 19+, for
sealing means with external fluid receiver usually between a
casing and an inner rod, pipe or cable, subclass 31 for
rotatable packing for axially moving rod, subclass 33 for
axially biased rod.
Subclass:
83.1
Latches releasable radially inward:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1. Releasable
seal or cleaner in which there are catch or dog members which
move towards the centerline of the casing, when the
projection contacts the device, in order to detach the
enclosure or the flow preventing device.
Subclass:
84.1
With seal for reciprocating member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising a flow prevention device for rod, pipe,
tubing, wireline moving into and out of a well.
(1) Note. The inner member must be free to reciprocate and
not anchored against movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82.1 for releasable seal or cleaner for inner member and
unfastening means.
86.1 for inner member anchor or seal with valve.
88.1 for inner member anchor or seal with lateral port.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
277, Joint Packing, 5 for a packing which opens or yields to
allow a projection on the rod to pass, subclasses 19+, for
sealing means with external fluid receiver usually between a
casing and an inner rod, pipe or cable, subclass 31 for
rotatable packing for axially moving rod, subclass 33 for
axially biased rod.
Subclass:
84.2
Cooling fluid or grease supplied to seals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84.1. Reciprocating
member seal wherein means are provided to deliver (a)
temperature reducing liquid or gas or (b) lubrication to the
flow prevention device.
Subclass:
84.3
Rotary blowout preventer type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84.1. Reciprocating
member seal wherein the flow prevention device is rotatable
(via bearings) and is sensitive to excessive well bottom
pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 1.1 for blowout preventers
of the type comprising plural relatively movable flow
obstructing members controlling flow through the annular
passage between an inner rod or pipe and a surrounding casing
or tubing head and having characteristics which go beyond a
mere packing means. Addition of a lateral port in a casing
head structure for diverting flow from the well is enough to
cause classification in Class 166, but Class 251 takes
blowout preventers or other valves in appropriate subclasses
even though the valve is operated by the well fluid pressure
or even though there are plural valves and broad recitations
of casing or casing head structure.
Subclass:
84.4
Fluid pressure actuated seals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84.1. Reciprocating
member seal wherein the flow prevention device is moved to a
pipe engaging position by liquid or gas force.
Subclass:
84.5
Seal fixedly mounted to rod:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84.1. Reciprocating
member seal wherein the flow prevention device is permanently
attached and movable with a tubular bar.
Subclass:
85.1
With assembly or disassembly means (e.g., handling, guiding
or tool feature):
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising (a) means for cooperating with a
separate apparatus for aiding in putting together or taking
apart a device or a part thereof or (b) means for aiding in
inserting a member into or removing a member from the well.
(1) Note. The separate apparatus under (a) of the
definition must be normally unconnected with the device being
assembled or disassembled and must be something more than a
mere detachable section of pipe constituting a continuation
of the line of pipe being handled.
(2) Note. The aiding means under (b) of the definition must
comprise more than a mere flared section of pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
377 for processes of placing, removing or assembling well
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 315.01-329.4 for a fluid
handling system with repair, tapping, assembly, or
disassembly means.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, 86.1 in
particular for grapples that are adapted to function in a
well bore.
Subclass:
85.2
Pitless well adapters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85.1. Assembling
device in which the upper end of an inner pipe is connected
to a below ground lateral port in a casing.
Subclass:
85.3
Seal or bushing insertion or removal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85.1. Assembling
device including means for installing or removing a flow
prevention device or cylindrical lining from a well member.
Subclass:
85.4
With blowout preventer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85.1. Assembling
device for connecting a flow prevention device, sensitive to
excessive well bottom pressure, to a well member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 1.1 for blowout preventers
of the type comprising plural relatively movable flow
obstructing members controlling flow through the annular
passage between an inner rod or pipe and a surrounding casing
or tubing head and having characteristics which go beyond a
mere packing means. Addition of a lateral port in a casing
head structure for diverting flow from the well is enough to
cause classification in Class 166, but Class 251 takes
blowout preventers or other valves in appropriate subclasses
even though the valve is operated by the well fluid pressure
or even though there are plural valves and broad recitations
of casing or casing head structure.
Subclass:
85.5
Guiding or aligning feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85.1. Assembling
device including means for directing or lining up a well
member.
Subclass:
86.1
Inner member anchor or seal with valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising a flow regulating device in combination
with a means for (a) preventing upward or downward movement
of an inner pipe, rod, or cable member depending into a well
casing or tubing or (b) preventing flow in the annular space
between a casing supported enclosure and a pipe, rod, tubing,
or wireline, said regulating device being disposed either in
the well casing, tubing or pipe or in a conduit communicating
with said well casing, tubing or pipe.
(1) Note. The sealing means under (b) of this definition
may be of the blow out preventer type which is considered a
"valve" for classification in Class 251, subclasses 1.1+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84.1 for a well apparatus with a seal for a reciprocating
member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 1.1 for blowout preventers
of the valve type.
Subclass:
86.2
Annular sealing type valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86.1. Inner member
seal with valve wherein the flow regulating device controls
flow through the annulus defined between the pipe, rod,
tubing, or wireline and casing.
Subclass:
86.3
Gate type (perpendicular to pipe) valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86.1. Inner member
seal with valve including a flow regulating device movable
perpendicular to the pipe, rod, tubing, or wireline.
(1) Note. The gate valve can only moves to the closed
position after the inner member has been removed or
disconnected.
Subclass:
87.1
Axially movable type valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86.1. Inner member
seal with valve comprising a flow regulating device which is
movable in the direction of the axis of a pipe in order to
control fluid flow in the pipe.
Subclass:
88.1
Inner member anchor or seal with lateral port:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising an enclosure having an opening in a side
wall thereof for allowing flow of fluid into the well or from
the well for outside delivery in combination with (a) means
for preventing upward or downward movement of a pipe, rod or
cable member depending into the well or (b) a flow prevention
device closing the annular space between the enclosure and an
pipe, rod or cable member.
(1) Note. The sealing means under (b) of the definition may
be a valve type blow out preventer classifiable, in Class
251, subclasses 1.1+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84.1 for a seal interposed between a casing and an inner
member reciprocating therein and which may have a lateral
port communicating with the casing.
86.1 for a casing which may have a lateral port and an inner
elongated member either anchored to the casing or sealed
therein, in which a flow passage is provided with a valve.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass
220.4, for fabric- type wiper for rods, pipes or cables,
subclass 236.01 for a scraper, and subclass 236.1 for a
rotary scraper.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 1.1 for valve-type blowout
preventers
277, Joint Packing, 5 for a packing which opens or yields to
allow a projection on the rod to pass, subclasses 19+, for
sealing means with external fluid receiver usually between a
casing and an inner rod, pipe, or cable, subclass 31 for
rotatable packing for axially moving rod, subclass 33 for
axially biased rod.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 123.3 for joints between a
well head and an inner pipe.
Subclass:
88.2
Slip type well anchor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88.1. Inner member
anchor with lateral port wherein the means for preventing
movement is a wedge-shaped member with a serrated face.
Subclass:
88.3
Seal actuated with anchor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88.2. Slip type
inner member anchor with lateral port wherein the flow
prevention device and means for preventing movement are put
into mechanical motion simultaneously.
Subclass:
88.4
With hydraulic conduit or line extending through outer
member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88.1. Inner member
anchor with lateral port wherein the casing includes an
opening for a pipe or tube extending therethrough.
Subclass:
89.1
Plural inner pipes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88.1. Inner member
anchor with lateral port in which there are at least two
conveying lines within the outermost casing.
Subclass:
89.2
Parallel pipes (as opposed to concentric):
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Plural inner
pipes anchor with lateral port wherein the conveying lines
are coaxial and side by side.
Subclass:
89.3
Having slip type hanger:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Plural inner
pipes anchor with lateral port in which a means for
preventing movement has a wedge-shaped member with a serrated
face.
Subclass:
90.1
With means for inserting fluid into the well:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising a constricted tube to speed flow for
introducing gas or liquid into a well casing, casing head or
tubing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88.1 for well casing heads having lateral ports which may be
employed to introduce a fluid into said casing in combination
with the inner members sealed or anchored with respect to the
casing head.
Subclass:
91.1
With flow restrictors (e.g., chokes or beans):
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising a head, cap, or system of pipes attached
to a well casing or tubing in combination with a means for
regulating the flow of fluid by presenting a predetermined
limitation to fluid movement.
(1) Note. All valves and pipes offer some restriction to
flow; this subclass, however, is intended to take only those
well devices which include means specially built to restrict
flow and known to the art as "chokes" or "beans".
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 40 for flow restrictors.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, subclass 117 and 118+ for
fluid handling systems of general utility with valves and
flow restrictors.
Subclass:
92.1
Cap or head pivotably attached to tube or casing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising a cover or top plug type structure in
which all, or a section, is hinged to a pipe or to a tubular
member inserted in a well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
75.13 for well caps or casing heads of general utility which
do not require the pivoting of the caps or heads.
Subclass:
93.1
Split cap or head:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising a cover or top plug-type structure for a
well casing or tubing which is divided on a longitudinal
plane so that it may be applied in a lateral direction to the
casing or tubing.
Subclass:
94.1
Laterally adjustable cap or head:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising a cover or top plug-type structure for a
well casing or tubing which is adjustable for movement away
from or over the tubing or casing in a direction
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubing or
casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79.1 for a cap or head provided with transportation means or
which is unconnected to the well casing or tubing.
Subclass:
95.1
Central valve or closure and lateral port:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising (a) a head for attachment to a casing or
tubing and having a flow regulating device operating across a
vertical passage in line with the casing or tubing and an
opening for a pipe in the side wall of the head or (b) a cap
for closing off the tubing or casing and an opening for a
pipe in the side wall of the tubing casing or cap.
(1) Note. There must be some detail of the head or cap
shown or claimed for classification in this subclass. A
patent having mere conventional showing of the cap or head
and claims drawn to other features is classifiable in
subclass 75.11 or other appropriate subclasses.
(2) Note. A sole disclosed use as a well casing head of a
structure comprising a valve and a lateral port for handling
fluid to or from the well is enough to cause classification
in Class 166.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88.1 for devices in which an inner member is anchored or
sealed with respect to an outer pipe and there is a port in
the outer pipe.
Subclass:
96.1
External anchoring or bracing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising a head, cap or enclosure for attachment
to a well casing or tubing and structural reinforcement such
as tie rods for holding or shoring the head, cap or enclosure
to the well casing or tubing or for attaching the casing or
tubing to the ground or to a fixed well structure.
(1) Note. The anchoring or bracing means must comprise more
than, or be additional to, a mere pipe joint or joint
securing a closure to the top of a pipe.
Subclass:
97.1
With valve on cap or head:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus comprising a cover or top plug type structure for
attachment to a well tubing or casing in combination with a
flow regulating device contiguous to, or on, the cover,
plug-type structure, tubing, or casing.
(1) Note. There must be some detail of the valve structure
or its attaching means shown for classification in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
75.13 for well caps or heads.
80.1 for retractable pipe section extending through a
valve.
86.1 for an inner member anchor or seal with a valve.
95.1 for a central valve and a lateral port.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 1.1 for blowout preventers
comprising separate sections operable to close the annulus
about a pipe and having characteristics which go beyond a
mere packing means. Provision of a specific means for
coupling the valve to the casing or arrangements of valves in
branch lines are examples of features which will cause
classification of a well casing head structure in Class 166.
Subclass:
97.5
Parallel pipes extending along distinct paths through
wellhead:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11. Above ground
apparatus including generally coaxial conduits which (a) are
not located one within another and (b) extend from a position
above ground to a position below ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.1 for means for separately pumping from plural sources in
a well, which may include parallel, nonconcentric conduits
extending above ground.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 124.1 for pipe systems
including plural noncommunication paths which are parallel
and nonconcentric and which are of the wellhead suspension
type.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising a means which is fixed in position in the
well combined with a means for grappling an object in the
well and a means for lifting the object and moving it
relative to the fixed means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, appropriate
subclasses for grapples, per se, and 86.1 in particular for
grapples that are adapted to function in a well bore.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices adapted to retrieve a plurality of discrete objects
(e.g., pieces of tools usually known as junk or fish from a
well).
(1) Note. This subclass is closely related to the well
grapple art in Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line
Implements, subclasses 86.1+, especially subclass 86.11. The
distinction is that Class 166, subclass 99 relates to junk
retrievers which have features of fluid handling or other
well features considered too specialized for Class 294.
Specifically, if junk is swept into the retrieving device by
means of fluid circulated down the inside of a central
conduit which supports the retrieving device classification
is in Class 166, subclass 99. On the other hand, a junk
retrieving device (e.g., a junk basket as in Class 294,
subclass 86.11) in which junk is swept into the basket by
circulation of fluid down the outside of a central conduit
supporting the device and then up the inside of the conduit,
or a junk retrieving device in which junk is swept into the
device merely by means such as a plunger causing a sudden
inrush of fluid, is classified in Class 294.
(2) Note. The devices of this subclass are intended to
comprise a unitary means to recover junk only, as distinct
from a mass of fluent material which may incidentally contain
junk. Thus a device for this subclass may consist of a
receptacle with a foraminous bottom which permits the fluent
material to drain away as distinct from a receptacle with a
solid bottom which retains fluent material. Receptacles for
recovering a mass of fluent material are found in Class 166,
subclasses 107+ and 162+ and also in Class 294, Handling:
Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 68.22+.
Receptacles in combination with earth boring means are found
in Class 175, Boring and Penetrating the Earth, subclasses
308+. If a single device has two distinct means, one (of any
type) for recovering junk only and one for recovering a mass
of fluent material of the type classifiable in Class 166,
subclasses 107+ or subclasses 162+, classification is in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
107 and 162+, for a receptacle for retrieving fluent
material from a well which material may or may not contain
junk, as distinct from a junk retriever for subclass 99 which
may be a receptacle designed to hold only junk but which
receptacle incidentally may also hold a small amount of
fluent material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 244 for a core
removing means, which core may contain junk and subclasses
308+ for earth boring means with a receptacle which may be
adapted to retrieve junk.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, 86.1 for a
well grapple, especially subclass 86.11 for a well grapple of
the basket forming type and see (1) Note above; and subclass
86.34 for a device for freeing a single stuck object from its
environment in a well by a washover or cutover means and
retrieving said object.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising (1) a means pressed against the side wall
of a prepositioned well conduit so as to form a seal around a
port for passage of fluid or (2) a means penetrating the
earthen side wall of the well bore so as to provide a passage
for fluid between a tubular member in the well and the
formation.
(1) Note. The port is often formed in a packer sealing
means. Separate packers which, broadly considered, form
ports between them are not included. See subclass 191 and
the subclasses there noted for such devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for nozzles which are projected against a conduit
structure but have no sealing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 152.26 for a sealing
detail in an apparatus for fluid flow measuring or fluid
analysis combined with sampling wherein the test is not
purely electrical or purely magnetic.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 2, 77, 78, and 79+ for
means insertable in an inaccessible hole (e.g., well bore) to
bore into a sidewall thereof.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices under
the class definition comprising a packer or plug combined
with a pump or plunger means for exerting outward fluid
pressure against the wall of the surrounding conduit either
in the space between a pair of packer or plug means or in the
space beneath the packer or plug means.
(1) Note. The pump or plunger means must be some device
other than a packer or plug which forms a seal with the
surrounding conduit specified in the definition. See
subclass 119 for devices which may create pressure by the
relative movement of packer or plug sealing means.
(2) Note. Cementing and washing devices and other well
devices commonly are associated with a pump (usually at the
well top) for producing pressure beneath a packer. A mere
broad or nominal reference to a pump means is therefore not
sufficient for classification in this subclass. Such devices
are classified in appropriate subclasses on other features.
(3) Note. The pump or plunger means must cause a direct
outward fluid pressure. See subclass 106 for devices in
which an eduction pump while withdrawing liquid may create a
condition which causes outward pressure as defined in
subclass 101.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
106 for a packer or plug and eduction pump means which may
indirectly or incidentally cause pressure outwardly, while it
pumps liquid out of the well.
177 for packers or plug devices reciprocated in a
surrounding conduit to cause surging or outward pressure.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices used below ground level and so designed that (1) by
working on them above ground and reassembling all or some of
their parts, adding or omitting a part or rearranging or
adjusting parts they are changed from devices classifiable in
Class 166 to ones which function as devices classifiable in
other classes, or (2) by working on them above ground and
reassembling all or some of their parts or adding or omitting
a part their mode of operation may be changed.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices combined with a prime mover imparting rotary or
oscillating motion.
(1) Note. A device which acts merely to rotate itself is
not considered a rotary motor. See subclass 223 for well
devices comprising rotary nozzles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66.4 for well devices with electrical rotary motors.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices combined with a pump or plunger means for drawing
well fluid out of the well or into a receptacle which is to
be taken out of the well.
(1) Note. See the class definition of Class 166 for the
line with Class 417, Pumps.
(2) Note. Well devices such as sampling or cementing means
frequently are provided with means for circulating liquids
(e.g., introducing a liquid to drive out a liquid). Such
liquid circulating means are not considered pumps for this
subclass. These devices are classified on other features,
mainly, the arrangement of valves and packers as in
subclasses 142+.
(3) Note. Claims involving merely a pump or pump tubing
carrying an expanding support in a well conduit, or a packer
or plug structure for a pump and claiming the pump by name
only or as a pump barrel are classified on the basis of the
supporting or packing structure rather than in this or
indented subclasses, the pump or pump barrel being treated as
a mere pipe or central conduit, according to the disclosure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 and 62, for heating, refrigerating or insulating means
with an eduction pump or plunger in the well.
68 for above and below ground structure including an
eduction pump or plunger in the well.
176 for brushing, scraping, cutting or punching type
cleaners on a pump sucker or rod.
206 for expansible anchor means on a pump tubing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 155 for gas lift valves for
wells and subclass 206 for apparatus for gas displacements of
a liquid.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 324 for earth
boring apparatus having a tool shaft with means other than
bit structure to induce fluent flow.
267, Spring Devices, subclass 125, for a piston-type fluid
spring device useful in apparatus for drawing fluid from a
well.
Subclass:
105.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Devices
including (1) a device for both separating and collecting
sand, earth or other solid impurities from the well fluid
which is being or has been moved by the pump or plunger, or
(2) a device which acts as a means for diverting or
deflecting impurities away from the pump or plunger.
(1) Note. Patents which are disclosed as receptacles for
elevating fluid and which may incidently include some earth
material are not included here but will be found in
subclasses 107+ below.
Subclass:
105.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 105.1. Devices in
which the sediment collecting or deflecting device is
attached to the plunger or plunger rod of the reciprocating
type.
Subclass:
105.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 105.1. Devices in
which the sediment collecting means is formed within the same
housing which houses the pumping element of a pump such that
the sediment is in effect collected in the pump chamber or
housing.
Subclass:
105.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 105.1. Devices in
which the collecting or deflecting means acts on fluid which
has already been acted upon by the pumping element of the
pump.
Subclass:
105.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Devices
including a device having structure to cause gas (1) to be
separated from the liquid well fluid or (2) to be collected
or confined by the structure.
(1) Note. A packer or packers and a passage, whether valved
or not, is not included under the definition of this
subclass, see subclass 106 below. To be included in this
definition there must be some gas directing structure in
addition to the packer.
Subclass:
105.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 105.5. Devices in
which there is a pump of the type which liquid is pumped by
being displaced or carried by a gas (e.g., jet, aerated
column, etc.), and the gas separating or collecting structure
includes means for directing the gas to the pump to act as a
pumping fluid for the liquid.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Devices
including packers or plugs as defined in subclass 179.
(1) Note. Claims involving merely a pump carrying a packer
or plug or expanding support and including the pump or pump
barrel by name only are classified on the basis of the
packing, plug or support structure rather than in this
subclass, the pump or pump barrel being treated as a mere
pipe unless disclosed as a portion of a central conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for packers or plugs and pump or plunger means exerting
outward pressure on the space below the packer or plug, which
pressure may be alternated with an inward eduction flow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for pumps combined with
packers or plugs.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Devices
comprising a container into which a well fluid is drawn by
the pump or plunger means, the container being lifted bodily
out of the well to transport the fluid to the top of the
well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 864.52 for sampling
devices comprising a receptacle with suction means. Patents
having a sole disclosure of or a claim to use in a well are
classified in Class 166.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 308, and the search
there noted, for earth boring apparatus having a receptacle.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Devices in
which a pump or plunger piston is mechanically connected with
a valve at the bottom portion of the container so as to close
the valve when the piston is at the end of its lifting
stroke.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Devices in
which the fluid is drawn into the container by the relative
motion of telescopically related tubular parts thereof.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Devices in
which there is an opening through the side wall of the
container below the lowest position of the pump or plunger
piston providing for fluid flow through the opening while the
container is in the well.
(1) Note. The opening must be more than a mere scallop on
the lower edge of the container.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Devices in
which a bail on the top of the container engages the
actuating rod of the pump or plunger piston.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Devices
comprising a pump having a means for causing a portion of the
well fluid being pumped to flow back into the well to treat
it (e.g., wash it) while the pump is being operated to draw a
major portion of the well fluid out of the well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, subclass 434, for pumps including a separate port
or noncyclic valve for draining a pump portion and subclasses
443+ and 446, for pumps with a pressure responsive
distributor (e.g., check valve) which may be selectively held
open as, for example, to drain the pump.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices combined with means for other functions than
operating, treating or making a well or a means for
perfecting the functions of operating, treating or making a
well, the said means not being provided for in preceding
subclasses.
(1) Note. Operating, treating or making a well is
considered to include, for example, flowing, washing,
acidizing, cementing, and connecting or disconnecting parts
in a well. Ancillary subcombination of such devices such as
pumps for forcing fluid into a well or inflating a packer,
clutches, detents, knives or release detents or open
closures, means attachable or detachable in the well,
bearings or jars are not considered subject matter for this
subclass. Devices including these means having been
classified in appropriate subclasses according to the
features claimed.
(2) Note. Devices found in this subclass include for
example, cementing plugs with an indicating flare fluid, a
well plug with an indicating ball on a string, a bailer with
a means for taking an impression of lost tools, a washing
device with a camera, and cementing casing shoes with means
for testing the casing for fluid tightness.
(3) Note. While well devices with added special means for
testing for fluid leakage are included, well devices such as
packers or plugs which inherently are capable of use as fluid
leakage testers without modification are not found in this
subclass but are classified according to other features.
(4) Note. It is common in the art and inherent in most
devices to give an indication of the operation of some part
by manipulating a flow controlling means so as to cause a
change in pressure. Devices for giving an indication by a
change in pressure are not included unless some indicia means
are claimed, such as a gauge, scale or pointer.
(5) Note. Many well devices inherently give an indication
of their position, as when expanding anchor means catch on
conduit joints, when they are manipulated to operate valves
or when detent or clutch means are operated. Well devices
adapted to indicate an operation by means such as the
position of parts or resistance to motion are not included in
this subclass unless an indicia means such as a scale or
pointer is included.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 304, for means sensing and
indicating borehole direction or inclination.
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.01, for apparatus for bore
hole studies. Such apparatus may include a sampling device or
other well devices such as packers in combination with means
for bore hole study such as flow meters, temperature
recorders, well pressure indicators, etc., the well devices
being used to perfect the bore hole study means rather than
being used for well functions such as treating the well.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 40 for processes or
apparatus for earth boring including signaling, indicating,
testing or measuring.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 136 for
subsurface temperature measurement, in general.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices under
the class definition comprising a packer or plug set in final
position within a surrounding conduit, (the setting tool or
conduit which supported the packer or plug during insertion
into the surrounding conduit having been withdrawn) combined
with a centrally positioned longitudinally extending member,
other than the aforesaid setting tool or supporting conduit
and not a mere retrieving means for the packer or plug which
is run into the surrounding conduit after the packer or plug
is set.
(1) Note. The centrally positioned longitudinally extending
member must be more than a mere piston, fluid driven into the
well or plug, per se. Usually the centrally positioned
member is a central conduit, receptacle or pump barrel. For
a piston, fluid driven into the well cooperating with another
such piston see subclass 153.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for a central chamber sealed with respect to a
prepositioned surrounding conduit.
179 and the subclasses there noted for packers or plugs
assembled in a well.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising a central conduit or centrally positioned
receptacle in combination with a surrounding conduit, the
surrounding conduit being prepositioned in final position in
the earth before the central conduit or receptacle is
associated therewith, there being a means sealing a portion
of the annular space between the central conduit or
receptacle and the surrounding conduit.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass a patent must
claim the surrounding conduit which may even be the earth
wall of the well, with some particularity. For example, the
mere naming of a conduit or a conduit with a perforation or
group of perforations is not enough, but the recitation of
spaced perforations or groups of perforations is sufficient.
A mere functional claiming of a relationship is not enough.
See the search notes for devices having a particular
relationship with a surrounding conduit.
(2) Note. The sealing means of the definition is usually a
packer carried by the central conduit or receptacle.
(3) Note. A broadly recited pump barrel is not considered a
central conduit or receptacle. Devices comprising a pump
barrel with a packer cooperating with a shoulder in a
surrounding conduit may be found in subclasses 195 and 203.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114 for a central chamber with a packer or plug combined
with a preset packer or plug whose setting means has been
withdrawn.
136 for packers or plugs with expanding anchors where the
expanding anchor is spring set and adapted to engage in a
recess in the surrounding conduit.
195 for deformable packers adapted to engage a shoulder on a
surrounding conduit.
203 for nondeformable packers adapted to engage a shoulder
on a surrounding conduit.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Devices in
which the surrounding conduit carries a packer or plug as
defined in subclass 179.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Devices under
the class definition comprising a receptacle so constructed
and arranged that the receptacle or a part thereof is left in
the well and separated from its lowering means, if any, when
performing or after performing its intended function.
(1) Note. The part left in the well must comprise more than
a mere knock out or frangible closure.
(2) Note. These devices are usually intended to plug the
well by rupturing, breaking up or parting the receptacle
while releasing its contents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 and 227+, for well screens or well screen parts which
may be lifted from the well after sediment collects therein.
Subclass:
117.5
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising a means positioned in a well conduit and
adapted to be engaged by an element or member movable in the
well conduit so that the element or member is directed
laterally of the longitudinal axis of the well conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for device for perforating, weakening, bending or
separating pipe at any point in a well and especially
subclass 55.3 for wedge or cam actuated pipe perforating or
splitting cutters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 61 for
processes of drilling curved or redirected bores and
subclasses 79+ for earth boring devices in which the tool
moves axially relative to means to redirect the tool
laterally.
Subclass:
117.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 117.5. Devices in
which the diverting means is secured in operative position in
the well conduit by means movable relative to the diverting
means and adapted to engage or cause a portion of the
diverting means to engage the wall of the well conduit to
prevent either longitudinal or rotary movement of the
diverting means relative to the well conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
206 for expansible anchors in well conduits. See the search
notes thereunder for other features combined with anchors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 81 for earth
boring devices having a means to redirect the tool laterally
which has a bore wall engaging anchor.
Subclass:
117.7
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising a means located below ground level in a
well conduit adapted to cause relative rotary motion between
one section of conduit and another section of conduit also
located in the well, said means including a means movable
outwardly to engage the surrounding well conduit section to
prevent rotation of one portion of the rotating means in the
well.
(1) Note. Generally one of the sections of conduit is a
pipe which is stuck in the well bore and held against
rotation and the below ground means is anchored to a separate
outer well conduit and engages only the uppermost section of
the stuck section in the manner of a fishing tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for a grapple with a well anchored lifting means.
206 and the search there noted, for expansible well anchors
or casings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
81, Tools, 436 for tools which have a force-exerting portion
inserted into a cavity in the work, especially subclasses
442+ for expanding type portions.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, 86.24 for
internally expanding well grapples, and subclasses 93+ for
internally expanding grapples of general utility.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices under
the class definition comprising plug or packer means combined
with expansible anchor means as defined in subclass 206.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Devices
wherein there are at least two packers or plugs so arranged
that all portions of the sealing part of one are bodily
movable with respect to all portions of the sealing part of
the other while the device is in unitary condition in the
well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for devices having expanding anchors and packers or
plugs in which one packer or plug is detachable from another
in the well.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Devices in
which the anchoring means is movable to set or inset
position, all or part of the movement being due to fluid
pressure.
(1) Note. The whole of the movement to operative locking
position is usually due to the fluid pressure. Devices in
which some of the movement to final locking position is due
to some other motive power are classifiable here only if
there is also some added modification of the device for the
use of fluid pressure to move or tend to move the anchoring
means. The added modification must be supplementary to the
common placement of a packer and expanding anchor whereby the
pressure of the fluid being blocked acts to increase the
anchoring effect. See subclass 140 for devices so arranged
that fluid pressure increases the anchoring action but having
no special modification for this purpose.
(2) Note. Devices in which fluid pressure is used to
release a latch so that some other means may move the
anchoring means are not classified in this or indented
subclasses. See subclass 136 for spring set anchors with
latches released by fluid pressure.
(3) Note. The fluid pressure may be caused by movement of
the device through or into a body of fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for expansible anchors actuated by fluid pressure, the
anchors being not disclosed as associated with packers or
plugs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 99 for earth
boring apparatus in which a below ground motor is anchored to
the bore wall by a support having fluid operated expansible
anchor.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Devices
wherein the fluid pressure for moving the anchoring means is
exerted on a cup type packer sealing portion of the type
defined in subclass 202.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Devices
wherein the fluid pressure for moving the anchor is applied
to the sealing portion of a packer or plug in the manner
defined in subclass 187.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Devices
comprising means for detachably coupling the device to a
means for lowering the device into the surrounding conduit,
the detachable connection being such that the packer or plug
may be left in the well while the lowering means is
completely withdrawn.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
181 and the search there noted, for other packers and plugs
or other well elements having a detachable setting means or
part.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Devices in
which the connection comprises screw threads on the device
engaging screw threads on the lowering means.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Devices in
which the connection comprises a latching member which is
movable in a direction generally radially of the well bore in
order to unmake the connection in the well.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Devices with a
controllable passage between a central chamber comprising a
central conduit or a receptacle and a space below a packer,
as set forth in subclass 142.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 (especially 122), for devices as defined in subclass 126
in which the expanding anchor is actuated to setting position
by fluid pressure.
123 for devices as defined in subclass 126 in which the
central conduit is a detachable setting tool.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Devices in
which there are packer or plug sealing portions spaced from
each other as defined in subclass 191.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Devices in
which the valve, closure or changeable restriction
controlling the passage is opened, closed or held in position
or freed for movement because the central chamber is moved.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for devices as defined in this subclass in which there
are spaced packer blocking means.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Devices
wherein the packer is adapted to be supported by a central
conduit from the top of the well as it is run into the well
and there is a fluid passage within the packer but not in
communication with the central conduit passageway in the
region of the packer, which fluid passage connects the space
below the packer with the annular space above the packer, the
fluid passage being controllable by a valve, closure or
changeable restriction.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Devices
wherein the packer blocking portion is expanded laterally by
means of force transmitted through coacting shoulder members
which are situated above the packer and which act to close
the fluid passage as they expand the packer blocking
portion.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Devices
wherein there is a fluid passage between a central conduit
which supports the packer or plug from the top of the well
while it is being run into the well and the annular space
above the packer or plug, between the central conduit and the
surrounding conduit, the passage being controllable by a
valve, closure or changeable restriction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for devices as defined in this subclass wherein the
passage is opened by detaching the central conduit.
127 for a device comprising a central chamber expanding
anchors, spaced packers and a controllable passage between
the chamber and the space above a lower packer outside of the
chamber.
129 for devices as defined in this subclass in which the
passage between the central conduit and the space above the
packer passes through the packer but outside the central
conduit.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Devices
wherein the anchoring means is prevented from expanding till
the device or a part thereof passes beyond the end of the
surrounding well conduit.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Devices in
which there is a fluid passage through the packer connecting
the space below the packer with the space above the packer,
the passageway being controllable by a valve, closure or
changeable restriction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126 for devices as defined in this subclass in which the
controllable passage through the packer is between a central
chamber and the space below the packer.
129 for devices as defined in this subclass in which the
controllable passage is a bypass outside a central conduit.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Devices in
which the expanding anchor comprises two distinct means, one
being adapted to anchor the device against downward movement,
and the other adapted to anchor the device against upward
movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for devices as defined in subclass 134 in which the
packer or plug sealing portion is expanded in order to
actuate the anchor means to expand condition.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Devices
comprising a plug as defined in subclass 179.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
132 for plugs anchored beyond the conduit end.
192 for plugs without separate expanding anchor means, these
plugs being usually held in place by the frictional
engagement of the sealing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 301 for well torpedoes with
plugging means; and subclass 333 for plugs used in blasting.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 89 for closures
and plugs of general utility (including those assembled with
a conduit before the conduit is inserted into the well).
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Devices in
which the energy stored in a spring is used to move the
expanding anchor outwardly to set it.
(1) Note. Where a spring means forms a resilient mounting
but movement of the anchor is due to some other means
classification is not in this subclass. See subclasses 138+
for such devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
132 for spring set anchors which cooperate with the end edge
of the surrounding conduit to prevent upward movement.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Devices in
which the spring causes relative movement between a wedge or
cam and the expanding anchor means to move the means
outwardly.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Devices in
which there is a friction means as defined in subclass 241
and a wedge or cam means engageable with the anchor means in
order to move it outwardly.
(1) Note. The friction means may be identical with the
anchor means if the device is constructed so that the anchor
frictionally resists movement when in the unexpanded
condition in order to enable setting of the device.
(2) Note. The friction means may be a packer or plug
sealing means if this sealing means is used like a friction
drag to set the anchor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for packers or plugs and expanding anchors set by fluid
pressure wherein fluid pressure acting on a cup type packer
seal may cause it to act in a manner similar to a friction
drag when setting the expanding anchor.
129 for devices as defined in this subclass in which there
is also a controllable bypass outside of a central conduit
supporting the packer or plug.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Devices in
which interengaging screw threads on different parts are
relatively rotated in order to set the anchor, packer or
plug.
(1) Note. The rotation may occur as a preliminary operation
or during the setting operation proper.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Devices
wherein the anchoring means is positioned above the packer or
plug blocking portion.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include those devices in
which the anchoring means is positioned in the same zone as
the packer or plug means so that only part of the blocking
portion of the packer or plug is below the anchor. See
subclasses 138 and 139 for such devices.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices under
the class definition comprising an expansible packer or plug
in which the blocking or sealing portion of the packer closes
a port in the side wall of the central tubular member when in
unexpanded condition and opens the port to the space outside
the packer or plug when expanded laterally to blocking
position.
(1) Note. A ring portion which is attached to the sealing
part and handled as a unit therewith is considered part of
the sealing portion.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices under
the class definition comprising (1) a packer constructed to
be supported from the top of the well by a central conduit
for insertion thereby into the well or (2) a packer as
defined in subclass 179 for use with a centrally positioned
receptacle as defined in subclass 162, there being a fluid
passage between the central conduit or receptacle and the
space below the packer outside of the conduit or receptacle,
fluid flow through said passage being capable of being
altered or affected by a valve, closure device or changeable
restriction in subclass 224 positioned across the passage.
(1) Note. The passage may include as a part thereof any
space inside of the surrounding conduit which receives the
packer.
(2) Note. A packer is considered to bound a space even if
unexpanded.
(3) Note. The central conduit or receptacle forms a central
chamber for the purpose of receiving or discharging fluid, as
for example, in sampling, cementing or washing devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126 for devices as defined in this subclass which also
comprise expanding anchor means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, subclass 526, 528, and 547, for piston connected
to a hollow piston rod which acts as a discharge conduit.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Devices in
which the central conduit is adapted to be readily detachable
from the packer while in the well by means of a connection
such that either the packer or conduit may be left in the
well while the other member is completely withdrawn from the
well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for devices as defined in subclass 143 in which there
are also expansible anchor means.
158 for a screen with a jetting or washing point or shoe and
a detachable jet or wash pipe.
181 for packers or plugs with detachable setting means.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Devices in
which the central chamber is a central conduit and is
detachably attached to the lower portion of a casing or
screen section which carries the packer sealing portion so
that the central conduit supports the casing or screen
section against the action of gravity while it is being
lowered into the well.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Devices in
which there is a bypass around the packer and a valve or
closure for the bypass, the control element for the passage
being so interconnected with the valve or closure for the
bypass that complete opening of the passage to upward fluid
flow into the central chamber and closing of the bypass to
upward fluid flow are constrained to occur together.
(1) Note. A bypass is a passage through the packer that
connects the annular space outside the central conduit or
receptacle and above the packer with the space below the
packer.
(2) Note. The closing of the bypass and opening of the
passage need not occur exactly simultaneously but may occur a
short time interval apart as the result of an operating
movement which is intended to take place without interruption
once started.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Devices in
which the passage connects with a space below a plurality of
packer blocking means and there is a passageway which is
always open to passage of fluid in either direction between
the central conduit of receptacle and the annular space
between the packer blocking means.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Devices in
which the passage connects with the annular space between
spaced packer or plug sealing portions as defined in subclass
191.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for devices in which the passage connects with a space
below packers and a continuously open passageway connects
with the space between the packers.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Devices in
which there is a check valve normally effectively closing the
passage against upward flow of fluid while the device is
being run into the well but permitting downward flow and
there is also a means for rendering the check valve
ineffective to stop upward flow after the device is
positioned in the well, either by opening said valve or
providing a fluid passageway around said valve.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 599.01-601.21 for systems
dividing into parallel flow lines then recombining.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Devices in
which there is also a passageway between the central conduit
or receptacle and the annular space above the packer and
outside of the central conduit or receptacle.
(1) Note. The central chamber may comprise concentric
conduits each of which forms a "chamber", one having a
passage to the space beneath the packer and one having a
passageway to the space above the packer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 and 184, for devices in which there is a central conduit
carrying a packer and a controllable passage between the
conduit and the space above the packer.
143 for devices as in subclass 149 comprising a passageway
provided between a central chamber and the space above the
packer due to the disconnection of the central chamber from
the packer, or a passageway provided between a setting tool
and a concentric screen section carrying a packer.
146 for devices as in subclass 149 and in which the
passageway is continuously open and there is an additional
packer carried by the central chamber above the passageway
outlet.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Devices in
which fluid flow through the passageway between the central
conduit or receptacle and the space above the packer is
controllable by a valve, openable closure or changeable
restriction operated or held in position by movement of the
central conduit or receptacle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for devices as in this subclass in which fluid flow
through a bypass through the packer is stopped when fluid
flow to the central chamber is permitted.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Devices in
which fluid flow through the passageway between the central
conduit or receptacle and the space above the packer is
controllable by a valve, openable closure or changeable
restriction which is responsive to fluid pressure exerted
directly upon it by contact with the fluid whose flow is
being controlled.
(1) Note. A valve, closure or changeable restriction
operated by a dropped ball or other means acted on by fluid
pressure is not considered within the definition of this
subclass. See subclass 149 for such devices used to control
the passageway between the central chamber and the space
above the packer.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Devices in
which the valve, closure or changeable restriction
controlling the passage is opened, closed, held in position
or freed for movement because the central conduit or
receptacle is moved.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for devices as defined in subclass 152 in which there is
also an expanding anchor means.
143 (especially 144), for devices as defined in subclass 152
in which the central chamber (usually a setting tool) is
detachable after operating a valve to close the passage.
145 for devices as defined in subclass 152 in which there is
also a bypass around the packer which is closed when the
passage to the central chamber is opened.
146 for devices as defined in subclass 152 in which there is
also a continuously open passageway between the central
chamber and a space between plural packers.
148 for devices as defined in subclass 152 in which there is
also an upwardly biased check valve between the central
chamber and the space below the packer.
150 for devices having a controllable passage between a
central chamber and a space below a packer and also having a
space below a packer and also having a passageway between a
central chamber and the space above the packer in which the
passageway is controlled by a valve, closure or changeable
restriction operated by movement of the central chamber.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising piston means adapted to be inserted from
the top of the well into an already placed well conduit and
to be driven down by fluid pressure acting directly on the
piston.
(1) Note. The piston must closely contact the wall of the
casing or tubing as it moves down or be close enough to
function as a scraper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170 for brushing, scraping, cutting or punching cleaners
adapted to fall down a well by gravity.
177.3 for wiping means adapted to fall by gravity down the
well.
193 for plugs of the dropped ball type.
291 for processes of cementing using piston separators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 172 for pistons for an
expansible chamber device.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Devices in
which a valve, closure or restriction means carried by the
casing or tubing in which the piston operates is opened or
released for opening by engagement of the piston with the
means or an element connected thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
194 for sleeve valves on conduits opened by dropped ball
type plugs.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Devices which
are so constructed that fluid may flow downwardly past the
piston at a certain period of its operation by a flexing of
the piston sealing means or opening of a valve or closure.
(1) Note. Plugs which are constructed to be drilled out in
their entirety are not classified in this subclass but will
be found in subclass 153 or other indented subclasses.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Devices in
which there are means in the casing or tubing in which the
piston operates cooperating with the piston to stop its
motion.
(1) Note. A stop means which comprises merely the top or
bottom of the casing or tubing (e.g., the inwardly sloping
wall of a set shoe) is not included. See subclasses 153+ for
such devices.
(2) Note. A means in the tubing or casing which stops the
piston only until fluid pressure is increased is also not
included. See subclasses 153+ for such devices.
(3) Note. The stop means may be for preventing an upward
motion of the piston after it is driven down the well.
(4) Note. The stop means must be more than merely the
bottom piston of a pair of pistons.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for pistons, fluid driven into the well, engaging a
valve part which acts as a stop or engages some other stop
means.
155 for pistons which allow fluid to flow past them after
they contact a stop.
170 for stops associated with brushing, scraping or cutting
type cleaners.
193 for dropped balls or plugs of the type which do not make
a close fit with the surrounding conduit as they move
downwardly combined with stops.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Devices under
the class definition comprising a conduit comprising a screen
in combination with a means at the end of the conduit
comprising a structure having a port for conducting fluid
outwardly of the end of the conduit usually to wash the
screen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
327 for conduit shoes with check valves (usually disclosed
for floating in and cementing a casing).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 314 for earth
boring apparatus, including a jetting point, combined with a
well type screen.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Devices in
which there is a separate pipe associated with the screen for
passing fluid downwardly into the well to wash the screen,
the separate pipe being readily removable from association
with the screen structure while the screen remains in the
well.
(1) Note. Wash pipes which are disclosed as merely liftable
from the screen structure (e.g., the back pressure valve) are
classified in this subclass if they are also disclosed as
capable of being completely removed from the well leaving the
screen in the well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for devices as defined in this subclass in which the
detachable jet or wash pipe is a central conduit and there is
a packer carried by the screen.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising a container which is bodily movable for
transporting material from the top of the well and
discharging the material therefrom at a point in the well or
which is bodily movable for receiving fluid material from the
well and transporting it to the well top.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for a receptacle used with above ground apparatus.
99 for receptacles combined with junk retrieving means.
107 for receptacles combined with a pump or plunger
mechanism for drawing fluid into the receptacle.
142 for receptacles with packers and a controllable passage
between the receptacle and the space below the packer.
205 and 227+, for well screens or well screen parts which
may be lifted from the well after sediment collects therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 1.7
for submerged cleaners with ambient flow guides, and subclass
246.5 for tank cleaners. See the search notes thereunder.
37, Excavating, subclass 182 for orange peel buckets and
subclass 461 for clamshell buckets.
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.23 for sampling of a well
fluid combined with flow measuring or fluid analysis wherein
the test is not purely electrical or purely magnetic, and
especially subclass 152.28 for sampling of a well fluid
combined with fluid flow measuring or fluid analysis by use
of a downhole measuring apparatus wherein the test is not
purely electrical or purely magnetic and subclass 864.51 for
receptacles for taking liquid samples from locations other
than wells. See the class definition of Class 166 for the
line with Class 73 as to receptacles used in a well.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 331 for well
torpedoe receptacles.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 308, and the search
there noted, for earth boring means with a receptacle for
cuttings or sediment. A mere dart extension to operate a
bottom valve is not considered an earth boring means
sufficient for classification in Class 175.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 523 for
gravitational separators, with mechanical liquid removers,
and subclasses 532+ for gravitational separators with heavier
constituent traps.
220, Receptacles, for receptacles of general utility,
especially 200 for receptacle closures.
222, Dispensing, 356 and subclasses there noted for dipping
type dispensers. See section 13 of the class definition of
Class 222 for other classes relating to the subject matter.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, 68.22 for
hoisting bucket or bailer type receptacles, and subclass
86.11 for devices similar to receptacles for carrying only
solid objects such as junk out of a well. Class 294 takes
dumping and bailing receptacles which are structurally very
similar to those of Class 166, the line being that Class 166
takes those receptacles that have some feature special to use
in wells or are described for use in wells and are long and
slender so as to adapt them for use in narrow diameter bored
wells and also have at least one of the following features; a
pump or plunger means for loading the receptacle, disclosure
that the receptacle or part thereof is left in the well and
separated from its lowering means, a separate air, gas or
vacuum chamber, a valve and destroyable closure, a closed or
valved top, valve control means operated by contact with the
side wall, a bottom loading valve, which is bodily movable
for discharge, a side opening for use in the well. These
features form the subject matter of subclasses 107, 117 and
163 through 169 of Class 166.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Devices in
which the container has a fluid retaining chamber and a
separate air, gas or vacuum chamber, so arranged that when a
passage into the air, gas or vacuum chamber is opened the
fluid in the well rushes into the fluid retaining chamber.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Devices in
which there is a closure which is adapted to be broken or
otherwise destroyed so that fluid in the well will enter the
container and there is also a valve for retaining the fluid
in the container.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Devices in
which the top of the container is closed or there is a valve
or openable closure closing the top or an opening adjacent
the top.
(1) Note. There may be enclosed side openings near the top;
but a mere bail is not considered to close the top.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
163 and 164, for receptacles with closed or valved tops and
separate air chambers or destroyable closures and check
valves.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 205 for apparatus of general
utility providing means whereby a container may be filled
with liquid by evacuating the container.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Devices
comprising a valve or closure and control means for the valve
or closure adapted to contact the wall of the well conduit
within which the container is positioned.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for devices as defined in subclass 166 in which there is
also a packer, a bypass around the packer and a passage
between the receptacle and the space below the packer which
is opened when the bypass is closed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, 68.22 for
hoist buckets in which a valve may be opened by contact with
the bottom or an obstruction across a well.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Devices in
which there is a valve across the bottom of the container to
admit and thereafter retain fluid from the well and there is
also an additional valve or openable closure in the side wall
of the container for releasing the contents of the container
after the container is withdrawn from the well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for well containers with valves or openable closures in
the side walls adjacent the top of the container.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Devices in
which there is a valve across the bottom of the container for
admitting and retaining fluid from the well, the valve and
container being so constructed that the valve may be readily
bodily moved from its position across the container so that
the container may be emptied after it has been withdrawn from
the well.
(1) Note. In the case of a pivoted valve the "bodily
movement" is such as to include movement of the pivot axis.
(2) Note. A reciprocating type check valve readily movable
only by means extending through the discharge opening is not
included in the definition of this subclass. See Class 294,
subclass 72 for such devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, appropriate subclasses for a
joint between tubular sections of the receptacle.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Devices in
which there is an opening in the side wall of the container
so that fluid may be discharged from or may enter laterally
into the container while it is in the well.
(1) Note. Usually the lateral port is controlled by a valve
member operated when a part contacts the well bottom.
(2) Note. The opening must be more than a mere scallop on
the lower edge of the container.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
110 for a well receptacle with a piston or plunger and a
lateral port for use in the well always positioned below the
plunger or piston.
165 for openings associated with the top closing structure
of the container.
166 for well receptacles with side discharge openings in
which a valve control means contacts a well conduit wall.
167 for a well receptacle with a side opening for discharge
of the contents outside of the well.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising means for cleaning well conduits or other
devices in a well by brushing, scraping, cutting or
punching.
(1) Note. The devices in this and indented subclasses are
for removing only material deposited on well elements or
conduits.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177.3 for means for cleaning by wiping.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, appropriate
subclasses, especially 104.05 for devices of general utility
for cleaning pipes and subclass 249 for flue cleaners. Where
the sole disclosure or claimed use of a cleaner is a use
inside a well, classification is in Class 166.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 87 for a piston for
an expansible chamber device which includes brushing,
scraping or cutting means.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 263, for earth boring
bits having cutter elements laterally shiftable below ground
and subclasses 327+ for earth boring bits, per se.
417, Pumps, 545, for well swabs (valved pistons reciprocated
in a well to remove fluid therefrom). Well swabs
classifiable in Class 417 may include scrapers. Such patents
should be cross-referenced to Class 166.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Devices
comprising means specially adapted for cleaning perforations
in well conduits.
(1) Note. These devices either comprise means disclosed as
entering the perforations of a well conduit, means claimed in
combination with a perforated conduit or means claimed as
adapted to be used for cleaning perforated conduits.
Cleaners which may be used for perforation cleaning but do
not qualify under this note may be found in subclass 170 or
indented subclasses other than subclass 171.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 407 for a strainer
of general utility combined with cleaning means and see the
search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Devices in
which the cleaning element is supported on a bow spring or
constitutes a bow spring.
(1) Note. A bow spring is one which is supported at its
ends and bulges outwardly at its mid-portion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241.1 for bow spring centering or friction means which do
not have a separate cleaning element or which do not claim a
cleaning function, and see the notes to subclass 241.1.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Devices
comprising cleaning elements projecting outwardly from and
supported by a tubing or casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
172 for cleaning elements of the bow spring type supported
on a tubing or casing.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Devices
comprising a cleaning element so constructed that its
effective lateral dimensions may be reduced while it is being
lowered into a well conduit so that the cleaner may be easily
inserted in the well and then may expand to perform its
cleaning function.
(1) Note. The reduction of lateral dimensions must be more
than that brought about merely by the resilience of a bristle
or wire as it is lowered in the well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171 for retractable perforation cleaners.
172 for bow spring type cleaners.
173 for retractable cleaners on a fluid conducting tubing or
casing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 263, for earth cutter
elements which are laterally shiftable (e.g., expansible)
below ground.
417, Pumps, 454, for well swabs.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Devices
comprising a cleaning element which can reciprocate
longitudinally of the well relative to a centrally positioned
member extending down into the well from the top of the
well.
(1) Note. Usually the cleaning element is mounted loosely
on a rod so that as the rod is reciprocated in the well the
position of the cleaning element varies with respect to the
rod.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
172 for bow spring scrapers reciprocable relative to their
supports.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Devices in
which the cleaning element is supported on a sucker rod which
is used to pump the well while the scraper is on it.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for scrapers on sucker rods, the scrapers being
reciprocable relative to the sucker rod.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 325.1, and the search
there noted, for earth boring apparatus having bore well
engaging means carried on the tool or tool shaft.
Subclass:
177.1
Sonic device:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein acoustic energy is used for agitating,
fracturing or vibrating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 1 for
processes or apparatus for boring the earth combined with
seismic shock generation and subclass 56 for processes or
apparatus for boring the earth including a relationship
between the natural vibration characteristics of one boring
element and (a) the natural vibration characteristics of
another boring element or (b) the frequency of an imposed
motion.
Subclass:
177.2
With specific downhole feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Sonic device
wherein the apparatus includes a oscillator structure; e.g.,
piston, stem, nozzle, diffuser; driving structure; e.g.,
linkage; or filter below ground level.
Subclass:
177.3
Wiper:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having a means for cleaning the interior surface of
a tubular well member.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass as a wiper, a
device must clearly be intended to function as removing
detritus. An incidental wiping action of a device intended
for some other use, such as a packer or plug, is not
sufficient to cause classification here. Classification is
then based on the other use or the characteristics of the
packer or plug.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for pistons, fluid driven into the well, which wipe the
walls of the surrounding conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 172 for a piston for an
expansible chamber device, even though disclosed as a well
plunger or swab.
Subclass:
177.4
Cementing device:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising specific structure for agitating,
vibrating or mixing a slurry used to fix or adhere a pipe to
a formation or to another pipe in a well.
Subclass:
177.5
Hydraulic fracturing device:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising specific structure for placing a liquid
to erode a formation to increase permeability.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for devices comprising a packer or plug and a pump or
plunger means exerting outward fluid pressure on a conduit
surrounding the packer or plug beneath it or between a pair
of packers or plugs.
308 for a process of fracturing a formation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 301 for well torpedoes.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, 20
for an expansible breaking down device for breaking up hard
material in situ.
Subclass:
177.6
Vibrator:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus using rapid back and forth movement for loosening
pipes, inserting pipes, cleaning, or stimulating flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177.1 for sonic vibrating devices.
178 for devices for giving a discrete blow to a well
apparatus or part thereof to free it from the well, any
vibratory effect being merely incidental to the intended
function rather than the principal intended function of the
device.
249 for processes for vibrating the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 56 for
processes or apparatus for boring the earth including a
relationship between the natural vibration characteristics of
one boring element and (a) the natural vibration
characteristics of another boring element or (b) the
frequency of an imposed motion.
Subclass:
177.7
Agitator:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising means for generating irregular, quick,
or violent action for cleaning or stimulating flow in a
well.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass as an
agitator a device must clearly be intended to function as
removing detritus or promoting fluid movement.
(2) Note. Excluded from this subclass is agitation caused
by the motion of whirling or rotary nozzles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 for eduction pumps with means to force well liquid out
of the pump while it is operating to wash the well or agitate
the liquid.
170 especially subclass 174 for brushing, scraping or
cutting cleaners which may agitate the well fluid as they
brush or scrape.
177.1 for sonic agitating means.
178 for devices for giving a discrete blow to a well
apparatus or part thereof to free it from the well, any
vibratory effect being merely incidental to the intended
function rather than the principal intended function of the
device.
223 for agitation caused by the motion of whirling or rotary
nozzles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, 108 for agitating by vibration devices.
417, Pumps, 430, for pumps with means to agitate the pump
fluid or prevent foreign material settling therefrom.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising an apparatus under the class definition
combined with a means for giving a sharp blow to the
apparatus or part thereof to free it from the well.
(1) Note. The jarring function must be specifically
described for classification in this subclass and not left to
inference.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177.1 for agitating, wiping, vibrating or formation
fracturing apparatus.
196 for packers or plugs with a telescopic central support
which is adapted to give a jarring blow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, 90, for above or below ground
impacting devices (other than lost motion connections in an
earth bore) of general utility for imparting blows to a tool
or the like.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 293 for below ground
hammer or impact members, either (1) claiming a specific
earth cutting means or having some feature related to earth
boring such as a wall engaging guide or packer on a shaft
being used in a boring operation or (2) comprising a lost
motion connection.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass
86.18 for a well grapple with a releasing means responsive
to a jarring force and subclass 86.23 for a well grapple with
an impact means.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices insertable from the top of or well into a well
conduit and comprising: (1) Means usually known as a packer
and comprising a vertical or longitudinally extending tubular
member forming a fluid passage and an annular means
projecting from the member and blocking fluid flow either up
or down or both in the annular space between the tubular
member and the surrounding well conduit, said means
comprising structure which goes beyond a mere packing
assembly or (2) means usually known as a plug and comprising
a means for blocking the flow of fluid either up or down or
both in a surrounding well conduit by filling the bore of the
conduit.
(1) Note. The device must be insertable from the top of the
well to final position in the well, and the surrounding
conduit must have been finally positioned in the well before
the device is inserted in it. Parts of the device may be
inserted at different times in order to be assembled in the
well.
(2) Note. The device may be arranged to stop flow in the
annular space between a pipe and an enclosing conduit by
contacting the top of a shoulder (e.g., a rat hole shoulder)
in the conduit. The shoulder may be disclosed as a flat well
bottom, if a sealing function is clearly disclosed.
(3) Note. An annular casing or tubing shoe is considered to
be a packer for this and indented subclasses only if it is
disclosed as having a blocking function, and the blocking
function is claimed, or if it is specially modified to have a
blocking function and the modification is claimed.
(4) Note. The device must be of limited extent
longitudinally of the well. For example, a filling of
concrete extending along distance between concentric pipes is
a part of the pipe structure rather than a packer.
(5) Note. A packer or plug usually comprises an annular
deformable or laterally expansible blocking or sealing
portion, such as rubber, combined with a supporting
structure, such sealing portion and support structure, per
se, being subject matter for Class 277, Joint Packing.
(6) Note. The device usually forms a tight seal with the
conduit, but if a device is disclosed as intended to function
to block fluid flow the seal may not be tight.
(7) Note. A brushing or scraping means is not considered a
packer or plug device for this or indented subclasses. See
subclass 170 for such devices.
(8) Note. Devices usually called "cement baskets" are
considered to be "packers" for this or indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for a lateral probe or port sealed against a well wall.
101 for a packer or plug and a pump or plunger means
exerting outward pressure.
106 for well devices having eduction pumps and packers or
plugs.
114 for a central member and a prepositioned packer or
plug.
115 for a central chamber with a packer or plug and a
modified surrounding conduit.
118 for packers or plugs and expanding anchors.
141 for a packer in which the sealing portion closes a port
between a central pipe and an outside space when the sealing
portion is unexpected.
142 for a central chamber with a packer and a controllable
passage between the central chamber and the space below the
packer.
153 for pistons fluid driven into the well.
177.1 for agitating, wiping, vibrating or fracturing means.
315 for methods of placing packers or plugs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 172 for a piston for an
expansible chamber device even though disclosed as for use as
a well plunger or swab.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 301 for well torpedoes with
plugging means; and subclass 333 for plugs used in blasting.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 89 for closures or plugs
for pipes in general including those placed in a well conduit
before the conduit is lowered in the well.
220, Receptacles, 200, for closures or plugs including those
placed in a well conduit before the conduit is lowered into
the well.
277, Joint Packing, for a packing element, per se, or
material combined with the structure necessary to cooperate
therewith to perform a packing function, which structure may
include a tubular member supporting an annular means for
blocking fluid flow and all the ancillary means for causing
the annular means to function to block the flow, as well as
the surrounding conduit, but does not include a well feature
for a distinct function, e.g., a lateral port on the tubular
member above or below the packing, or structural detail of
the tubular member not contributing to the blocking function.
The mere naming of the device as a well packer or as for use
in a well does not preclude classification in Class 277.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 123.3 for seals between
concentric pipes other than those established below ground
level as provided for in Class 166 subclass 179.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, 20
for an expansible breaking down device for hard material in
situ, and which may include or comprise an expansible packer
or plug.
417, Pumps, 545, for valved piston including valved well
swabs.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices
comprising a laterally expansible blocking portion (1)
intended to be positioned around and form a seal with a fluid
conducting pipe which is already in place in the well or (2)
which is so constructed that it may be expanded and
contracted in the well to form a seal between the surrounding
conduit and an inner concentric fluid conducting pipe at
different positions along the pipe.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices
comprising means for detachably coupling the device to a
means for lowering the device into the surrounding conduit,
the detachable connection being such that the packer or plug
may be left in the well while the lowering means is
completely withdrawn.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for receptacles detachable from a lowering means, the
detached portions of the receptacle and the contents of the
receptacle cooperating to form a plug.
123 for packers or plugs with expanding anchor means and
detachable setting means.
143 for packers with a controllable passage between a
central chamber and the space below the packer, the central
chamber being detachable from the packer.
158 for a screen with a washing point or shoe having a
detachable wash pipe.
205 for a screen having a portion removable in the well.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Devices in
which the sealing portion of the packer or plug is maintained
in laterally expanded condition after the setting means is
detached by a ratchet, dog or latch other than an expanding
anchor as defined in subclass 206.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for packers or plugs with detachable setting means
maintained in expanded condition by expanding anchor means.
198 for packers or plugs expanded by a telescoping central
support, the packer or plug being locked in expanded
condition.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices
wherein the packer is adapted to be supported by a central
conduit from the top of the well while it is being run into
the well, the central conduit extending through the region of
the blocking portion of the packer, and there is a fluid
passage separate from the central conduit passageway, and
through the packer blocking portion which fluid passage
connects the space below the packer with the annular space
above the packer, fluid flow in the passage being
controllable or changeable by a valve, closure or changeable
restriction as defined in subclass 224.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for devices as defined in subclass 183 with an expanding
anchor means.
149 for devices with a controllable passage between a
central chamber and a space below a packer or plug and also a
passageway between the central chamber and a space above the
packer or plug, the said passageway being outside the central
chamber and through the packer or plug.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices
comprising a packer or plug adapted to be supported from the
top of the well by a central conduit for insertion thereby
into the well and a fluid passage between said central
conduit and the annular space above the packer or plug
between the central conduit and the surrounding conduit,
fluid flow in the passage being controllable or changeable by
a valve, a closure or a changeable restriction, as defined in
subclass 224.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 143+ and 181+, for a central conduit detachable from a
packer or plug, a fluid passage above the packer or plug
being opened when the central conduit is detached.
127 for a device comprising an expanding anchor, spaced
packer or plug seals and a controllable passage between a
central conduit and the space between the packer or plug
seals.
129 and 183, for a central conduit with a packer, the
conduit passage being continued past the packer blocking
means and there being a controllable bypass through the
packer outside of the central conduit passage.
131 for a device comprising an expanding anchor, a packer or
plug and a controllable passage between a central conduit and
the space above the packer or plug.
147 for a central conduit with spaced packer or plug seals
and a controllable passage between the conduit and the space
between packer or plug seals.
149 for a central conduit with a packer and a controllable
passage between the conduit and the space above the packer
and also the space below the packer.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices
comprising a packer or plug adapted to be supported from the
top of the well by a central conduit for insertion thereby
into the well, and a port for the passage of fluid between
said central conduit and the space outside the conduit
adjacent the packer or plug.
(1) Note. The port may be any side opening or a restricted
open end portion of the central conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for a lateral probe or port sealed against a well wall.
101 for a packer or plug and pump or plunger means exerting
outward pressure.
106 for a packer or plug and an eduction pump.
126 and 142+, for a packer with a controllable passage
between a central conduit and the space below the packer.
131 and 184, for a packer or plug with a controllable
passage between a central conduit and the space above the
packer.
141 for a packer or plug sealing portion which closes a port
between a central conduit and the space outside when
unexpanded.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Devices in
which the port is between spaced packer or plug blocking or
sealing means and there is a bypass passage across both
spaced means connecting the spaces outside the central
conduit with each other.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices
wherein the packer or plug is moved into expanded, blocking
position by means of or with the help of fluid supplied from
a central conduit or receptacle or forced into the packer or
plug by a pump or plunger means, the fluid while expanding
the packer or plug being confined within the device.
(1) Note. Operation of a latch by fluid pressure whereby
the packer or plug may be expanded by other means is not
included. Such devices are classified on other features.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for devices in which fluid pressure on a cup shaped
packer expands it and causes it to act on an anchor to cause
expansion thereof, the fluid while expanding the packer or
plug not being confined within the device.
122 for devices in which fluid from a central conduit causes
expansion of a packer or plug which acts on an anchor to
cause expansion thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
277, Joint Packing, appropriate subclasses, particularly 70,
103 and 126+ for packing of general application which is
biased by fluid pressure.
Subclass:
188
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices
comprising a fluid passage through the packer with a valve,
closure or changeable restriction for controlling or altering
flow through the passage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126 and 142+ (especially subclasses 149+) for packers with a
controllable passage between a central tubing or receptacle
and a space beneath the packer.
129 and 183, for a packer with a controllable bypass outside
a central conduit.
133 for a packer with an expanding anchor and a controllable
passage through the packer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, 545, for valved pistons including valved well
swabs.
Subclass:
189
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices in
which the packer or plug seals the space between the
surrounding conduit and two longitudinally extending members
which are positioned in side by side relationship (not one
within the other).
(1) Note. These devices are usually packings for a pump
tube and a gas vent pipe. Where more structure is involved
than a mere packing such a device is classifiable in Class
417 as a pump venting means.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices
comprising spaced sealing portions on the same central
supporting structure.
(1) Note. Sealing portions separated merely by a washer or
washers so that the sealing portions act as a unit are not
considered to be spaced in the meaning of the definition of
this subclass.
(2) Note. The "sealing portion" is the part which does the
actual blocking of flow in the surrounding conduit. It is
usually of rubber or deformable but may be a hard machined
surface.
(3) Note. The sealing portions must be spaced, from any
other sealing portion when in set, expanded condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
119 for relatively movable spaced packer or plug sealing
portions with an expanding anchor.
127 for spaced packer or plug sealing portions and an
expanding anchor with a controllable passage between a
central chamber and a space below a packer.
146 and 147, for spaced packer or plug sealing portions with
a controllable passage between a central chamber and a space
below a packer.
186 for spaced packer or plug sealing means with a port
between a central conduit and a space between the packer
seals and a bypass passage around both packer seals.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices
comprising means for blocking the flow of fluid either up or
down or both in a surrounding well conduit by completely
filling the bore of the conduit.
(1) Note. The essential elements for filling the bore
should be claimed. For example, if a central support member
for a deformable seal is disclosed as a solid rod and the
support member is claimed classification is in this subclass.
However, if a central support member is disclosed as a pipe
which is closed off at one end with a deformable or other
sealing portion claimed, classification is based on other
characteristics of the device if subclasses are provided for
such characteristics since the device as claimed is
indistinguishable from a packer.
(2) Note. The plug member as a whole may be adapted to be
drilled up or otherwise destroyed. If only a central portion
is destroyed or is intended to be destroyed first the device
is classifiable in subclass 188.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for plugs formed by leaving a receptacle as defined in
subclass 162 or part thereof in the well.
132 and 135, for plugs combined with expanding anchor
means.
153 for pistons, fluid driven into the well.
187 for plugs expanded by fluid from a central conduit, pump
or plunger.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 301 for well torpedoes with
plugging means; and subclass 333 for plugs used in blasting.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 89 for pipe
closures and plugs of general utility, including those placed
in a well conduit before the conduit is lowered into the
well.
220, Receptacles, 233 for expansible plug type closures.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Devices
comprising an element which does not closely contact the
conduit wall and is intended to be dropped or floated down
the surrounding conduit (rather than let down by a supporting
string) till it strikes a shoulder on the conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for piston devices which closely engage the conduit wall
and are forced down by fluid pressure.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Devices
comprising a sleeve portion which is moved by the plug or is
moved due to fluid pressure or other means made effective by
the presence of the plug, the sleeve portion being carried by
the surrounding conduit and acting to open or close ports in
the conduit walls for fluid passage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for conduit valves operated by a piston, fluid driven
into the well,
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices in
which the expansible portion is made of a deformable
nonmetallic or soft metallic material and is adapted to
engage an inwardly projecting shoulder on the surrounding
conduit.
(1) Note. The shoulder may be the bottom of the conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for a central chamber with a packer or plug claimed in
combination with a modified surrounding conduit.
192 for plugs having a deformable portion engaging a
surrounding conduit shoulder.
201 for packers having a rigid ring portion which engages a
conduit shoulder and rides up on a pipe to expand a
deformable sealing portion.
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices
comprising either (1) a central support for the deformable
sealing portion comprising telescoping sections whereby
relative longitudinal movement of this section causes
expansion of the sealing portion or (2) a central support for
the deformable sealing portion having projecting portions
relatively movable towards each other to cause expansion of
the sealing portion.
(1) Note. The central support is usually a pipe which
extends beyond the ends of the deformable sealing portion in
a longitudinal direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 especially subclasses 134 through 140, for devices in
which projecting portions on a central support, which causes
expansion of a deformable sealing portion, comprise expanding
anchor means.
195 for packers of the telescoping support type in which the
deformable portion of the packer engages a shoulder on the
surrounding conduit.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices in
which the laterally expansible blocking portion of the device
has one end thereof attached to and adjacent to a central
pipe support and the other longitudinally displaced end
portion spaced from the support axis and in which the
blocking portion is flexible or hinged to the support whereby
the fluid pressure of the fluid, the flow of which is being
stopped, tends to cause the spaced end portion to engage the
enclosing conduit more tightly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for cup type packer seals which transmit fluid pressure
to move expanding anchors to set position.
153 for pistons, fluid driven into the well with cup type
seals.
199 and 201, for packers in which sleeve or shoulder parts
spread one end of a deformable sealing portion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 172, and particularly
subclasses 240+ for a piston in which the side wall portion
thereof is provided with a peripheral axially extending
flexible lip (e.g., cup type).
277, Joint Packing, for packing which establishes a tight
seal. The metal cement baskets found in this subclass (202)
are not considered to form tight seals for Class 277.
417, Pumps, 545, for valved pistons including valved well
swabs.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Devices
comprising nondeformable portions (e.g., a hard metal)
forming the blocking means between the inner supporting
member and the outer conduit.
(1) Note. Casing shoes or the like are classified in this
subclass if the blocking or sealing function of the shoe is
disclosed and this function or the structure performing the
function is claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
161 for casing shoes with cutting, scraping or reaming
means.
192 for nondeformable plugs.
204 for metallic rings used to prevent extrusion of a
deformable sealing portion of a packer or plug, such rings
forming a secondary blocking means.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Devices under
the class definition comprising a screen combined with (1) a
valve, closure or changeable restrictor as defined in
subclass 224, (2) a destroyable portion or (3) a screen part
removable from the well while the screen remains in the
well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for screens with packers and detachable setting means,
there being a valve closure or changeable restriction between
the conduit of the setting means and the space below the
packer.
157 for screens with washing point or shoes provided with
valves.
181 for screens with packers and detachable setting means.
231 for spiral screens constructed so that the space between
the spirals may be varied.
296 for processes for preventing flow into a strainer while
it is being lowered by blocking the strainer openings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 544 for fluid handling means of general
utility combined with screens.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 418 for filters of
general utility with flow controllers, and see the search
notes thereunder.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising (1) a means attached to a member which is
run into a well conduit already in fixed position in the
well, the means being movable outwardly to engage and jam
against the surrounding conduit wall or to interlock in a
preformed recess in the conduit, the means functioning to
attach the member to the conduit in the well so as to resist
action of gravity or a lifting force or (2) a section of
casing which is expansible in the well.
(1) Note. The outwardly movable means usually have teeth
that bite into the surrounding conduit wall and serve to fix
the device in the well conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
174 for expansible brushing or scraping cleaners.
179 for expansible packers or plugs.
241 for devices which frictionally engage or press against
the wall of a surrounding conduit and offer some resistance
to longitudinal movement but are not interlocked with or
jammed against the wall of the conduit to form an anchor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 98 for an earth boring
means having a below ground drive motor with an expansible
bore wall engaging anchor, subclass 230 for other earth
boring apparatus with an expanding bore wall engaging anchor
and subclasses 263+ for earth boring cutter elements which
are laterally shiftable (e.g., expansible) below ground.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 123.3 for joints between
concentric pipes not established below ground level in a well
as provided for in Class 166, subclass 206.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, 86.24 for
internally expanding well grapples, and subclasses 93+ for
internally expanding grapples of general utility. Sole
disclosure of, or a statement in a claim of use as a grapple
is enough for classification Class 294.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, 20
for an expansible breaking down device for hard material in
situ which may be structurally similar to an anchor.
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for well pumps with
expanding anchor means where there is only a nominal
recitation of a pump, pump barrel or tubing in a claim to a
device including an expanding anchor classification is in
Class 166 in this or indented subclasses.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Devices in
which the outwardly movable means comprises a section of
casing which is expansible in the well.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Devices
specifically disclosed for anchoring a liner to the
surrounding well conduit against movement up or down or
both.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Devices in
which setting the outwardly movable means by engagement with
an element that forces the outwardly movable means into
contact with the surrounding conduit during running in the
member by a quick downward motion of the member, no other
motion or act of an attendant being required for movement of
the outwardly movable means to the final position and the
outwardly movable means being anchorable to the surrounding
conduit at any point thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for a packer or plug and expansible anchor set by a
dropping movement only.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Devices which
comprise a friction means with the outwardly movable means
shiftable to the final position after or during a turning
movement of the running in member, so that the outwardly
movable means may be anchored either by a quick downward
movement of the running in member or also may be anchored
after or during a turning movement of the running in member.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Devices in
which the stored energy of a spring is used to effect all or
part of the movement of the outwardly movable means to the
final position.
(1) Note. A spring used only as a friction drag does not
come within the definition.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Devices in
which the outwardly shiftable means is movable to or from the
final position by means of the force exerted by the pressure
of a fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55.8 for well pipe cutters which are moved radially outward
by fluid pressure.
120 for packers or plugs and expanding anchors actuated by
fluid pressure.
187 for packers or plugs expanded by fluid from a central
conduit, pump or plunger.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 180 for an expanding mandrel inside a
hollow workpiece, subclass 191 for an active cutter inside
hollow workpiece, and subclasses 639.1+ for a fluid-pressure
actuated reciprocatable cutting tool.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 99 for a
below ground drive motor for an earth boring apparatus which
is anchored to the bore wall by a fluid operated expansible
anchor, and subclasses 267+ for laterally shiftable cutter
elements which are shifted by fluid pressure.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Devices in
which the movable means is secured to a central support at
each end and bowed outwardly intermediate the ends.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241.1 for devices of similar form which are not jammed
against the wall surrounding conduit.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Devices in
which the energy stored in a spring is used to move the
movable means outwardly to anchor the device in the conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for spring set expansible anchors combined with packers
or plugs.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Devices in
which the spring causes relative movement between an element
that forces the outwardly movable means into contact with the
surrounding conduit and the outwardly movable means to shift
the means radially.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for packers or plugs combined with expansible anchors
set by a spring causing relative movement between the anchor
and a wedge or cam.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Devices
comprising a combination of a friction means and an element
that forces the outwardly movable means into contact with the
surrounding conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for devices comprising a friction drag, a wedge or cam
moved expansible anchor means and a packer or plug.
210 for anchors set at any point by drop only and also set
by a turning movement, the setting means comprising a wedge
or cam and also a friction drag.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Devices in
which the outwardly movable means is translated radially due
to relative movement between it and an element that forces
the outwardly movable means into contact with the surrounding
conduit surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for wedge or cam actuated slips set by fluid pressure.
209 for wedge or cam actuated expanding anchors set at any
point in the well by a sudden lowering.
215 for a wedge or cam and an expanding anchor operated by a
spring.
216 for expansible means with a wedge or cam and a friction
drag.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass
86.25 for cam spread, expanding jaw, well grapples, and
subclasses 93+ for cam spread expanding jaw grapples of
general utility.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising means for directing fluid outwardly into
the well from a tubing or casing, said means comprising more
than a mere opening in a wall and (1) acting to give a
whirling or tangential motion to the fluid, or (2) positioned
in a side wall of the tubing or casing rather than being an
end opening, or (3) said means being capable of being
projected from the tubing or casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
99 for junk retrieving means having nozzles for directing
fluid outwardly from the junk catcher.
112 for eduction pumps with nozzles for spraying the well
walls.
157 for screens with washing points or shoes.
169 for receptacles having lateral ports for the discharge
of fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 424 for earth
boring jetting or suction nozzles.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, appropriate
subclasses for fluid spraying and discharging devices of
general utility.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Devices in
which the means for directing the fluid turns about an axis
on the casing or tubing or is capable of being projected from
the tubing or casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for well devices with a lateral probe or port sealed
against the well wall.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising means, usually strainers or filters, for
separating solids from the earth fluid flowing into a well
conduit.
(1) Note. A strainer may comprise no more than a pipe with
a multiplicity of perforations. The disclosed use is the
important factor for classification herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
157 for screens and washing points or shoes.
171 for screens with mechanical perforation cleaners.
205 for screens with a valve, closure, changeable restrictor
or removable portion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 544 for fluid handling apparatus of
general utility combined with screens.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 41 for flow
restrictors of general utility combined with screens.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 314 for earth
boring apparatus with a well type screen including jetting or
well points.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 459 for a filter of
general utility attached to a pipe end, subclasses 483+ for
filter elements, and subclasses 500.1+ for filter materials.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible
chamber type pumps or motors, per se. As between Classes 166
and 210 a patent is placed in Class 166 if its sole disclosed
or claimed use is merely as a well screen or well filter for
earth fluids, whether disclosed on a casing or tubing. Class
210, however, takes patents for filters or screens of general
utility and also those specifically disclosed as pump or pipe
intakes positioned within a well and not forming a casing of
the well.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 131 for a
stock material product in the form of a single or plural
layer web or sheet in which at least one component is
perforated or reticulated, and subclasses 304.4+ for a
composite web or sheet product in which one component is
porous or cellular.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Devices
comprising a straining portion made up of a mass of material
having fine, irregularly shaped or tortuous pores or
channels.
(1) Note. The material is usually a body of gravel, sand or
porous concrete.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for apparatus for placing porous beds.
230 for screens using woven fabric (wire mesh) to form
straining openings.
276 for a process for providing a porous mass of adhered
filter material in the well.
278 for a process of graveling or filter forming.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 496 for
shaped porous filter elements of general utility, and
subclass 510.1 for a filter material comprising a porous
unitary mass.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 304.4 for a
stock material product in the form of a composite sheet or
web, in which one component is porous or cellular.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Devices
comprising an element of limited extent such as a plug having
a straining opening or openings and positioned at least
partially within a hole or recess in a conduit wall.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Devices
comprising a woven fabric providing straining openings
between the element of the fabric.
(1) Note. A "wire mesh screen" will be presumed to be a
"woven fabric" unless described as not woven.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
229 for screens in which a woven fabric forms a plug
member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 175, 190, 193,
196+ for other products comprises a layer of mechanically
interengaged strands, which may be open mesh.
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), subclass 19, 29, 43+, and 58 for a coated or
impregnated open mesh fabric.
Subclass:
231
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Devices
comprising a helically wound element which provides straining
openings between turns of the element, or (2) has straining
openings provided in it or (3) provides straining opening
between itself and a base member to which it is secured.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Devices in
which the helical element is provided with spaced lugs to
engage an adjacent turn of the element in order to position
the turns to form straining openings.
(1) Note. The spaced lugs may be formed by spaced recesses
in the edge of the helical element.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Devices
combined with a pipe having solid walls formed with
perforations cooperating with the straining openings of the
helical element to pass the strained fluid.
(1) Note. A skeleton structure built in the shape of a pipe
is not considered a solid pipe with perforations. See
subclasses 231 and 232 for such structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 for screens having a perforated pipe and a helical
element and in which the helical element has spacing lugs.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Devices
comprising elongated solid elements which provide (1)
straining openings between each other, or (2) straining
openings between themselves and a base member to which they
are secured, or (3) straining openings in themselves.
(1) Note. The elongated solid element may be curved but is
not a complete annulus. However, several separate elongated
elements may be welded or otherwise secured together to form
an annular unit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
231 for screens comprising spiral elongated elements
providing straining openings.
235 for screens comprising integral annular elongated
elements providing straining openings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 105 for a
stock material product in the form of a composite sheet or
web including layers of angularly related strips or strands
(e.g., rods, filaments, etc.).
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Devices
comprising a vertically aligned assembly of annular units
which provide straining openings between themselves or at
least two of which have straining openings in themselves.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Devices
comprising a plurality of concentrically positioned pipe
sections at least one of which has straining openings.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for concentric pipes with porous material therebetween.
230 for screens in which a concentric pipe section is made
of a woven fabric such as a wire mesh.
232 and 233, for screens in which a concentric pipe section
is made of a spiral element providing straining openings.
234 for screens in which one or more concentric pipes are
made of elongated elements providing straining openings.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising means for preventing relative movement
between two parts and manipulable to permit relative
movement, or means to permit relative movement and
manipulable to prevent relative movement, the change in
condition between movement prevention and movement permission
being for the purpose of enabling operation of some device in
a well (e.g., setting a packer) and the two parts always
remaining connected in the well by other means.
(1) Note. Devices which include mere end stops to limit
motion are not included in this subclass. See subclass 241.1
for centering devices which include stops for limiting the
sliding movement of the centering means on their supports.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 and subclasses there noted, for well devices with detents
released by an explosive means.
162 and subclasses there noted, for well receptacles with
latch devices for valves and closures.
182 and 198, for detents holding the telescopic supports of
packers or plugs locked in order to hold the packers or plugs
expanded.
206 and subclasses there noted, for expansible anchors
coacting with a pre-positioned conduit.
216 for devices comprising an expanding anchor and friction
drag with a detent means to prevent setting of the anchor
till a desired location is reached.
241.1 and subclasses there noted, for centering devices.
332.1 and subclasses there noted, for valve devices with
actuating means engaging the well bottom, an obstruction or
wall.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 2 and 527+ for trips and
detents of general utility.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, 30 for clutches of
general utility.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Devices in
which the movement prevention means extends completely across
a well conduit but permits fluid to flow past the means, the
means acting to control relative movement between the conduit
and another part.
(1) Note. A separate movable part, such as a go-devil,
between two detent means is not considered within the
definition of this subclass. See other subclasses in this
group for such devices.
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Devices in
which the movement prevention means is set in operation by a
falling weight (e.g., a go-devil).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for fluid driven pistons operating detent means.
193 for dropped ball type plugs operating detent means.
238 for a weight operated movement preventing means
comprising an element bridging a fluid conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 268, 270 and
271 for earth cutting elements which are laterally shiftable
below ground (e.g., expansible) by a dropped element.
Subclass:
240
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Devices
comprising a lug on one part moveable in a branched slot
having a continuous perimeter on the other part, so that
though the lug is always in the slot, movement of the parts
(at least in some directions) is prevented in one position of
the lug and permitted in another position.
Subclass:
241.1
GUIDE FOR DEVICE OR CONDUIT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising positioning means attached to and
projecting laterally beyond (1) a tool; (2) a fluid moving
structure; or (3) a fluid conveying means (i.e., tubing) to
centralize within the well the tool, fluid moving structure,
or fluid conveying means.
(1) Note. Included are centralizing means that press against
the inner wall of the conduit to form a stationary point of
reference for manipulation of the well device, but may be
moved longitudinally with respect to the well if enough force
is applied.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are devices for
centrally positioning a casing during a cementing operation.
(3) Note. Included in this subclass are discreet guides for
either connecting (1) two spaced well devices or fluid
conveying portions, or (2) terminating either the device or
fluid conveying means, and which require the well device or
fluid conveying means to be fabricated for the purpose of
holding the guide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for a friction drag combined with a packer or plug and
an expansible anchor.
153 for pistons propelled by fluid in a well conduit.
166 for receptacles with centering devices engaging the wall
of a well conduit to operate a valve.
170 especially 172, for centering devices combined with
scraping or brushing means.
179 for packers or plugs.
206 for an anchoring device which is jammed against the wall
of a surrounding conduit or interlock therewith, especially
subclasses 210 and 216 for anchoring devices with wedges and
friction drags and subclass 213 for anchors similar to
centering devices, but jammed against the surrounding conduit
wall.
332.1 for valves in combination with friction devices
engaging a well conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 325.1 for earth boring
apparatus having bore wall engaging means carried on the tool
or tool shaft, particularly subclass 325.3 for bearings.
384, Bearings, 29 for a cylindrical linear bearing of
general use; if bore hole contacting structure is disclosed
or claimed, placement is in Class 175, subclasses 325.1+.
Subclass:
241.2
On sucker or pump rod:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241.1. Apparatus in
which a fluid moving structure is positioned centrally within
a fluid conveying means.
Subclass:
241.3
Rotatable or having a rotatable element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241.2. Apparatus
where the centralizer includes an element that turns about an
axis.
Subclass:
241.4
Surrounding existing rod:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241.2. Apparatus
where the centralizer encircles and is secured to a fluid
moving structure having no alteration to accommodate the
centralizer.
Subclass:
241.5
For a wireline operation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241.1. Apparatus in
which the guide is peculiarly adapted to be employed with
equipment for well logging or surveying.
Subclass:
241.6
Surrounding existing device or tubing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241.1. Apparatus
where the guide encircles either (1) the fluid conveying
means or (2) the tool.
(1) Note. Included under tool would be, for example, cable
cutters, or drift recorders.
Subclass:
241.7
Removably secured by a fastener (e.g., pin) parallel to the
tubing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241.6. Apparatus in
which the means holding the guide to the existing fluid
conveying means or device is readily taken out along the
tubing length.
Subclass:
242.1
CONDUIT WALL OR SPECIFIC CONDUIT END STRUCTURE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising (a) a particular modification to a pipe
through the thickness or (b) means at the end of a conduit
for facilitating entry of the conduit into the well (e.g.,
casing shoes).
(1) Note. Claims to a plurality of well conduits may be
classified here, but conduits with attachments thereon other
than shoes are classified in subclass 243 or other subclasses
according to the features claimed.
(2) Note. Couplings for conduit sections are considered
parts of the conduit wall structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227 for conduit structure comprising or combined with a
screen or filter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 100 for pipe structure of
general utility.
Subclass:
242.2
Flexible tube or cable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242.1. Conduit wall
structure comprising a pliant thin-walled pipe; e.g., coiled
tubing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77.2 for forcing coiled tubing into an existing well.
385 for a method of placing or shifting a well part using a
flexible cable or wire.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 118 for flexible pipe
structure of general utility.
Subclass:
242.3
Plural parallel nonconcentric conduits:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242.1. Conduit wall
structure comprising at least two side by side, coaxial
pipes.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are pipes of dissimilar
diameter; e.g., hydraulic lines, control lines, flushing
tubing, grouting tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89.2 for inner member anchor or seal with lateral port using
parallel pipes.
97.5 for parallel pipes extending through distinct paths
through wellhead.
242.5 for side entry.
313 for a method for parallel string or multiple completion
of well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 120.1 for plural
non-communicating paths.
Subclass:
242.4
Corrosion prevention or deterring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242.1. Conduit wall
structure comprising specific wall structure for averting or
slowing deterioration due to reaction with water, pollutants,
or salt spray.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
250.05 for a method of scale or corrosion determination.
250.11 for a method of locating coupon holders.
902 for corrosion inhibiting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, Digest 6 for corrosion
prevention.
Subclass:
242.5
Side entry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242.1. Conduit wall
structure comprising means for introducing an; e.g., cable or
conduit, into the conduit wall through a bulged or enlarged
section of the conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
65.1 for side entry of electrical cable.
117.5 for side pocket mandrel and means for guiding into a
side pocket.
255.3 for determining location or position of whipstocks
Subclass:
242.6
Downhole coupling or connector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242.1. Conduit wall
structure comprising a specific joining structure for two
conduit sections.
(1) Note. Couplings for conduit sections are considered
parts of the conduit wall structure.
Subclass:
242.7
Telescopic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242.6. Coupling for
conduit wall structure wherein the coupling allows relative
axial movement between two conduit wall sections.
Subclass:
242.8
Shoe detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242.1. End
structure comprising the particular shape, design,
construction, or configuration of the means at the terminus
of a conduit for facilitating entry of the conduit into the
well (e.g., cementing shoes).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
156 for casing shoes with stop means for pistons, fluid
driven into the well.
157 for screens with a washing point or shoe.
203 for conduit shoes specifically formed and claimed as
packers.
222 for shoes with nozzles for whirling or lateral discharge
or projectable nozzles.
316 for conduits with valves, closures or changeable
restrictors, especially subclasses 327+ for shoes with check
valves.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 402 for
casing shoe type earth cutting bits.
Subclass:
242.9
Brick or cement casing liner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242.1. Conduit wall
structure wherein the conduit wall is formed of a hardened
clay or powdered alumina, silica, lime, iron oxide and
magnesia material used in; e.g., water wells.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 19, and 169.1+, for
a masonry construction, per se, surrounding an open space
which may be defined as forming a cistern or well.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 132 for tunnel
structure and structure of shafts of general utility; and
subclasses 231+ for columnar foundation structures (e.g.,
pier, pile) and methods and apparatus for installing the
same.
Subclass:
243
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices not provided for in other subclasses.
(1) Note. In this subclass are found, for example, tubing
supports of types other than those found in subclasses 206+,
catchers for falling objects and go-devils.
Subclass:
244.1
Processes:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. A
process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 1 for processes of handling
material in a pipe line including forming or maintaining a
film on the interior of the pipe.
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
200 for processes involving no significant manipulative
steps or relationship with the well and consisting only of
placing a treating material in a well. Examples of broadly
recited steps which are not considered significantly
manipulative are (a) generally producing the well or (b)
broad removal of spent material. Examples of processes
classifiable in Class 166 rather than Class 507 are: using
pressure; introducing one material after another; introducing
materials through separate conduits; introducing material at
the bottom of the well or below paraffin deposits; contacting
well fluids with an introduced material during pumping;
producing or blowing the well; a process in which materials
are introduced into a well to react with each other
(including a process in which one material reacts with the
product of the reaction between another material and a
material found in the well); a process in which a material is
introduced in a special location, as between the casing and
tubing; or a process in which material is inserted into the
pores of the earth.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
245
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process in
which an arrangement of more than two wells in plan view is
claimed with enough specificity to indicate a pattern of
wells (e.g., two lines of wells, one well surrounded by a
ring of other wells, etc.).
Subclass:
246
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process in
which a biological organism of microscopic or
ultramicroscopic size (e.g., bacteria, etc.) is used.
(1) Note. A process involving using a bactericide or the
like to treat any microorganism which may be present but
which is not introduced as a part of the process is not
included under this definition. Such a process is
classifiable on other features.
Subclass:
247
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising (1) using nuclear energy or (2) using
radioactivity of a substance to effect some treating
operation (e.g., heating the formation, etc.).
(1) Note. Nuclear energy in this subclass is energy created
by an induced nuclear reaction as described in the class
definition of Class 376, Induced Nuclear Reactions:
Processes, Systems, and Elements. Patents which claim well
processes which recite a nuclear reactor or details of the
nuclear explosive are provided for in Class 376, subclasses
273+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248 for a process involving using electromagnetic waves to
treat the earth by heating it.
299 for a process using a non-nuclear explosion.
Subclass:
248
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising passing an electric current through the earth to
treat it or material in the pores of the earth (e.g., by
heating, etc.).
(1) Note. Electromagnetic Waves created in the earth to
treat it are considered to come within the definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for processes for treating the earth by radioactive
emissions.
250.1 for processes in which a current may be passed through
the earth for the purpose of an indicating, testing,
measuring or locating step.
Subclass:
249
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process in
which rapidly pulsating forces of a mechanical nature are
applied to the earth, material in the pores of the earth or
material being injected into the pores of the earth.
(1) Note. The rapid pulsations must be in the sonic or
ultrasonic range, i.e., at least 15 cycles per second. Some
disclosures do not recite the rapidity of the vibrations.
If, however, it is concluded that the intent of the
disclosure is to cover sonic or ultrasonic vibrations, the
patent should be classified under this definition.
(2) Note. A single explosion, implosion or blow may be
followed by rapid pulsations but such subject matter is not
included under this definition unless explosions or blows are
repeated at sonic or ultrasonic frequencies. See subclass 299
for a process including an explosion, or implosion by
breaking a container.
(3) Note. Vibrations applied to the earth merely for
measuring, testing, indicating, etc., are not included. A
process with such steps would be classifiable in subclasses
250.1+.
(4) Note. A process involving incidental vibration of the
earth or material in the earth, such as may take place when
cementitious material or gravel in a well is vibrated are not
included. The stated purpose of the process must be to
impart vibrations or pulsations to the earth or material in
or being placed in the pores of the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
286 for a cementing process including vibrating the cement
being placed in a well bore rather than in the pores of the
earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclass 14 for mining processes involving breaking down
material by vibrating.
Subclass:
250.01
With indicating, testing, measuring or locating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. Process
including a step of: providing evidence of a condition; e.g.,
leak, oil-gas interface; performing an analysis; e.g.,
downhole pressure; counting; or determining the position of
an object or formation.
(1) Note. A process including a mere step(s) of indicating,
detecting, signaling, recording or measuring wherein the
result is not related to any other step in the claim is not
classifiable here.
(2) Note. A process involving merely taking a sample of
earth fluid is not included under this definition. See
subclass 264 for such a process.
(3) Note. A process in which an inherent measuring step or
the like would take place, such as a process involving the
use of a fluid at a certain temperature, is not classified
under this definition unless a separate step of making the
measurement, or the like, is recited in a claim. Further,
many well processes inherently give a signal or indication
when some well function is performed, such as a pressure rise
taking place when a plug closes an opening in a cementing
operation. Such processes, also, are not classified under
this definition unless some added indicating step is
claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for well apparatus combined with time or distance
measuring or counting means.
66 for well apparatus combined with electrical indicating
means.
113 for below ground devices comprising well apparatus
combined with non-electrical indicating, testing or measuring
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 302, for processes of
sensing and indicating borehole direction or inclination, and
subclasses 717+ sounding devices combined with samplers not
for well fluids.
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.02 for miscellaneous tests
and measurements relating to wells. Class 73 takes a process
relating to measuring or testing including steps relating to
well features for perfecting the measuring or testing process
while Class 166 takes a more comprehensive process relating
to well conditions or structure which includes a measuring or
testing step.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 4.51 for a
gun or explosive charge perforating means or step which
inherently results in penetration of the earth in combination
with a position orienting or indicating means or step,
contributing to the effect of the perforating or penetrating
means or step, subclasses 40+ for processes or apparatus for
earth boring including signaling, indicating, testing or
measuring and especially subclass 45 for tool direction or
inclination measuring or indicating within the bore hole.
181, Acoustics, 101 for acoustic devices in wells or
seismological prospecting.
250, Radiant Energy, 83 for ray energy detection or
measurement.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 323 for subject
matter relating to the determination of an electrical
characteristic of the subsurface of the earth.
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for electrical
automatic condition responsive indicating systems, and
subclasses 853.1+ for well bore signaling systems.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), subclass 22 for
transmission through media other than air or free space, and
subclass 459 for radar systems in wells.
346, Recorders, subclass 33 for well logging.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 422 for the application of well logging which
requires a mathematical calculation and only nominal
recitation to the structure of well logging.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 25 for seismic well logging; subclasses 81+ for
acoustic wellbore telemetering; and subclass 86 for acoustic
borehole testing.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 25 for
geochemical, geological, or geothermal exploration. A nominal
step in a claim, reciting drilling a well or recovering fluid
from the earth does not affect classification of a patent in
Class 436.
703, Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling,
Simulation, and Emulation, subclass 10 for mathematical
simulation of a fluid well.
Subclass:
250.02
Permeability determining:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Measuring
including the step(s) of ascertaining the ease with which a
fluid can flow through a formation.
Subclass:
250.03
Determining fluid interface or fluid level:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Measuring
including the step(s) of indicating a liquid-gas contact or a
depth of a gas or liquid within a well.
Subclass:
250.04
Plug indicating or releasing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Indicating
including the step(s) of monitoring the position or
disengagement of a flow stopping device.
Subclass:
250.05
Scale or corrosion determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Indicating
including the step(s) of finding detritus or deterioration
due to reaction with water, pollutants, or salt spray.
Subclass:
250.06
Steam quality:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Testing
including the step(s) of finding the degree of superiority of
superheated water vapor.
Subclass:
250.07
Bottom hole pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Testing
including the step(s) of determining weight per volume at the
well total depth.
Subclass:
250.08
Leak testing or locating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Testing or
locating including the step(s) of finding a nongeological
fault allowing the escape of fluid or solids.
Subclass:
250.09
Impression means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Measuring
including the step(s) of taking an imprint of the formation.
Subclass:
250.1
Fracturing characteristic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Measuring
or indicating including the step(s) of determining the
orientation, width, length, or pressure of the result of
placing a liquid or particulate material to erode a formation
to increase permeability.
Subclass:
250.11
Holder for coupon or sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Indicating
including the step(s) of using or installing a device to
retain (a) a metal member to monitor the effect of corrosion
or (b) a detector within a well.
Subclass:
250.12
Tracer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Indicating
involving the use of an easily detectable material (e.g.,
dye, inert gas, halocarbons, cobalt-57, carbon dioxide).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252.6 for tracing material with a driving fluid.
Subclass:
250.13
Determining stuck point:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Indicating
including the step(s) of finding where an object (tool,
tubing, etc.) is caught in a well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for apparatus for removing objects from a well.
301 for method of releasing a stuck object.
Subclass:
250.14
Of cementing or plugging technique:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Measuring
including the step(s) of determining the quality or
ingredients of (a) pipe to formation or pipe to pipe sealing
or adhering strength or (b) pipe stopper strength.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
285 for a cementing process.
Subclass:
250.15
Automatic control for production:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Measuring
including the step(s) of using a sensor to regulate outgoing
gas or oil without an operator.
Subclass:
250.16
Prospecting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Locating
including the step(s) of finding the presence of hydrocarbons
from water or earth samples.
Subclass:
250.17
Including testing or treating tool having at least one
actuatable packer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Testing
including the step(s) of using an apparatus with a single or
plurality of inflatable sealing devices that reduce or stop
flow to monitor well parameters or change a well condition.
Subclass:
251.1
Including in situ combustion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Indicating
including a step of burning in the pores of the formation.
(1) Note. "Burning" under this definition is a vigorous
union of a substance with oxygen, but does not include an
explosion.
Subclass:
252.1
Including production of earth fluid by driving fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. Indicating
in which liquid or gas in the pores of the formation, before
the start of the process, is caused to be pushed towards a
well by another liquid or gas for flowing to the surface of
the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
251.1 for an in situ combustion process involving
indicating, testing, measuring or locating.
268 for a process of flooding.
Subclass:
252.2
Residual oil or oil saturation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 252.1. Production
of earth fluid by driving fluid including the step(s) of
determining liquid hydrocarbon remains or suffusion.
Subclass:
252.3
Salinity or acidity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 252.1. Production
of earth fluid by driving fluid including the step(s) of
determining the amount of (a) a compound that results when,
in an acid, the hydrogen is replaced by a metallic element or
compound or (b) a compound containing hydrogen in a fluid.
Subclass:
252.4
Flood front:
This subclass is indented under subclass 252.1. Production
of earth fluid by driving fluid including step(s) of
monitoring a leading fluid in a process of pushing
hydrocarbons into a well using liquid or gas.
Subclass:
252.5
Permeability or viscosity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 252.1. Production
of earth fluid by driving fluid including step(s) of
determining a measure of the ease with which a fluid can flow
through a formation or a property of a fluid that causes the
fluid to tend to hold together as during flow.
Subclass:
252.6
And tracing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 252.1. Production
of earth fluid by driving fluid including step(s) of using an
easily detectable composition (e.g., dye, inert gas,
halocarbons, cobalt-57, carbon dioxide).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
250.12 for a method of measuring, testing, indicating, or
locating using a tracer not requiring the use of a drive
fluid.
Subclass:
253.1
Indicating the location, presence or absence of cement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. A process
including a step of determining or indicating the position,
diffusion or existence of plugging or consolidating
material.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass a process
must have a step which relates directly to the subject matter
rather than to some step from which the position, presence or
absence of cement, etc., may be deduced. For example, a step
of logging a well may indicate the location to receive cement
after a cementing operation, or the process may include the
step of indicating the pressure of cement being pumped from
which it may be deduced that cement is present. Such steps
are too indirect to be included. An example of a process
under this subclass is one in which the well is cemented by a
cement containing a radioactive material whose presence is
sensed to thereby determine the position of the cement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for apparatus comprising means for measuring the distance
to a body of cement.
250.14 for a process of determining cement quality or
make-up.
285 for a cementing process.
Subclass:
254.1
Determining position of earth zone or marker:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. A process
in which some identifiable property of a portion of a
formation is ascertained.
(1) Note. The position determining steps must be explicitly
recited in a claim for classification in this subclass and
not left to inference. The position of a portion of the earth
is almost always determined at some stage in processes
involving wells.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are a natural property
which exists before any alteration by man and locating a
radioactive marker inserted in a formation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
253.1 for a process of determining location or absence of
cement which may use radioactive markers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.02 for a well logging wherein
the well process is used only to perfect a test.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 40, especially subclass
50 for a process of earth boring including indicating,
testing or measuring a condition of the formation.
Subclass:
254.2
Well logging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 254.1. Determining
position of earth zone which includes the step(s) of using a
wireline operated device to traverse the formation.
(1) Note. The logging step must be explicitly recited in a
claim for classification in this subclass and not left to
inference. The position of a portion of the earth is almost
always determined at some stage in processes involving
wells.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.02 for formation logging.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 323 for a method or
apparatus for geophysical surface or subsurface in situ.
Subclass:
255.1
Determining position of object in well:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.01. A process
in which the location of a well completion device in the well
is ascertained.
(1) Note. The object must be something other than an
instrument used in a process for ascertaining the position of
something.
(2) Note. A fluid or a formless substance is not considered
an object under this definition. A casing or tubing,
however, is considered an object.
(3) Note. For classification in this subclass some special
step for directly determining the position of an object must
be recited in a claim since the position of objects is
generally known in well processes or can be deduced from
other information if so desired.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
250.13 for locating stuck pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 4.51 for
subject matter relating to well perforating by a bullet or
shaped charge of an explosive combined with position
orienting or indicating and subclass 45 for boring tool
position, direction, or inclination measuring or indicating
within the bore.
Subclass:
255.2
Tool orienting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.1. Determining
position of an object including a step of setting or
arranging a device in a determinate position with respect to
other well structure or the formation.
Subclass:
255.3
Using whipstock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255.2. Tool
orienting wherein the device is for diverting a pipe, tubing,
or a well tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117.5 for whipstock apparatus in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 61 for
methods and subclasses 79+ for apparatus of drilling using a
whipstock.
Subclass:
256
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process in
which burning takes place underground in the pores of the
earth.
(1) Note. "Burning" under this definition is a vigorous
union of a substance with oxygen, but does not include an
explosion.
(2) Note. Burning taking place in a fracture in the earth
is considered to take place in the pores of the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
251.1 for a process involving in situ combustion and a step
of indicating, testing, measuring or locating.
270 for a process involving injection and producing wells
and chemical interreaction of introduced material in the
pores of the earth.
299 for a process involving an explosion.
300 for a process involving chemical interreaction of
materials introduced into a well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclasses
for boring by combustion of the formation material.
Subclass:
257
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. A process in
which material found in the earth is produced from the top of
a well due to in situ combustion taking place in the pores of
the earth, while at the same time material is being injected
into the pores of the earth from the same well.
Subclass:
258
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. A process in
which plural, naturally distinct, vertically related zones of
earth are involved.
(1) Note. The distinct zones are usually identified by the
fluid they contain, such as oil or water. But where it
appears that different fluids are in a single zone having the
same physical characteristics throughout, the zone is
considered to be a single entity.
(2) Note. It is common to produce a fluid from a formation
located between two or more other formations. Patents are
classified in this subclass only when the existence of plural
distinct zones or formation is a significant factor in the
claimed process. A reference in a claim to the top or bottom
of a zone is not enough for classification under this
definition.
Subclass:
259
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. A process in
which the earth is cracked to produce a fissure or fissures
therein, or in which fluid introduced into the pores of the
earth chemically reacts with the earth or deposits in the
earth to enlarge the pores of the earth.
(1) Note. See (1) Note in subclass 307 for a discussion of
the meaning of "deposits in the earth".
(2) Note. The fracture or pore enlargement must be effected
by some cause other than the heat of the in situ combustion
itself. A process in which the heat of the in situ
combustion is said to cause fracturing or increase of
permeability is classified on other features.
Subclass:
260
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. A process in
which (1) a burnable substance is placed into the pores of
the earth and burned therein or (2) a catalyst for affecting
the burning operation is placed into the pores of the earth.
(1) Note. For classification as an original in this
subclass the burnable substance should be recited in a claim
with some specificity since it is very common to insert fuel
into the pores of the earth for in situ combustion. A mere
recitation of a combustible mixture of gaseous fuel and air
or oxygen is not enough. However, a recitation of a specific
ratio of fuel to oxygen or air is sufficient. Also a
statement in a claim of the injection of fuel in a
significant sequence such as after an air injection is also
sufficient.
(2) Note. "Burned" in the definition means a vigorous union
of a substance with oxygen.
(3) Note. A process in which a material is placed into the
pores of the earth for some other purpose and is not said to
be burned though it may actually be incidentally burned is
not included under this definition. Such a process would be
classifiable in subclass 261.
Subclass:
261
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. A process in
which a material is placed into the pores of the earth, said
material being other than oxygen, per se, or air.
(1) Note. A broad recitation of a combustion supporting gas
or a mixture of oxygen and an inert gas or of air enriched
with oxygen is not included. However, a recitation of a
separate injection of inert gas or a recitation of a specific
ratio of oxygen in air or inert gas is included, except a
recitation such as 20% or more oxygen in inert gas which is
tantamount to a recitation of air or air enriched with
oxygen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
260 for an in situ combustion processes in which a specific
fuel or catalyst for burning is injected into the pores of
the earth.
Subclass:
262
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. A process in
which solid fuel or a bed of solid particles is placed in a
well for purposes of starting or affecting in situ
combustion.
Subclass:
263
Cyclic injection then production of a single well:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
including a step in which a well is (1) used for a period of
time only to place material into the pores of the earth and
then for a period of time used only to produce fluid from the
earth or (2) used for a period of time to produce fluid from
the earth and then used (a) for a period of time only to
place material into the pores of the earth or (b) for a
period of time is shut in to stop flow of fluid from the
earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
245 for specific pattern of plural wells.
268 for cyclic operation in an injection well moving
hydrocarbons to a producing well.
370 for varying downhole pressure in a producing well.
Subclass:
264
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising taking a limited amount of the fluid in a well or
the adjacent earth for testing or measuring purposes.
(1) Note. No special steps for limiting the flow need be
set forth for classification in this subclass. The mere
statement is a claim that a sample is taken is sufficient.
Merely setting a sampler in position, however, without the
step of taking the sample is not sufficient for
classification in this subclass. Such processes would be
classifiable in subclass 315.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
369 and the subclasses there noted for a process of
producing a well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.02 for a process or apparatus
for taking a sample from a well combined with making a
determination of a physical characteristic of a well, a
borehole casing, or a drill rigging wherein the test is not
purely electrical or purely magnetic, in particular
subclasses 152.07, 152.09, and 152.11 for core sample
analysis for making a formation logging wherein the test is
not purely electrical or purely magnetic, and subclasses
152.23+ for fluid flow measuring or fluid analysis combined
with sampling well fluid wherein the test is not purely
electrical or purely magnetic, and subclasses 863+ for a
process or an apparatus for sampling a fluid not in a well or
for a soil gas sampling process and apparatus.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 59 for
processes of taking solid samples of earth formation combined
with a step of retaining fluid therein or taking a separate
fluid sample.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 50 for apparatus
for gas sampling involving use of sorbents or chemical
treatments which may include a shaft sunk in the ground to
collect gas for analysis.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
subclasses 1-183 for gas sampling as part of a process of
chemical testing.
Subclass:
265
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising separating a stream of material which has entered
the well into two or more portions and as a result of such
separation delivering the material coming out of the top or
head of the well to two or more separate repositories or
transmission lines.
(1) Note. One of the repositories may be the same well from
which the material flows.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for apparatus including float controlled valves for
separating fluid in a well.
105.5 for wells having structure for separating gas from
well fluid.
313 for a multiple completion well in which separate streams
of material enter the well from separate formations and come
out of the top of the well for delivery to separate
repositories.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, appropriate subclasses
for sampling involving the use of sorbents or chemical
treatment. A well may be broadly recited as a source.
62, Refrigeration, subclass 58, 123+, and 600+ for processes
and apparatus for separation of a mixture by refrigeration
even though broadly related to a well.
95, Gas Separation: Processes, for processes of gas
separation, per se, especially 241 for degasification of
liquid.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas
separation, per se, especially 155 for degasifying means for
liquid.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, for apparatus for treating
mineral oils not disclosed as in a well nor in the pores of
the earth even though a well is named broadly as a source.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, for processes of
treating mineral oils not disclosed as in a well nor in the
pores of the earth even though a well is named broadly as a
source.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 600 for a process of
separating the components or constituents of a liquid-liquid
or liquid-solid mixture.
417, Pumps, subclass 435, for pumps having means for venting
gas from pumped liquid.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate
subclasses for sampling apparatus involving the use of
sorbents or chemical treatment. A well may be broadly
recited as a source.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 210 for processes of
separating or purifying gases by a chemical reaction.
Subclass:
266
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. A process
including using a plurality of wells, at least one of which
receives a fluid for insertion into the pores of the earth
and another of which conveys a fluid from the pores of the
earth to the surface of the earth.
(1) Note. The line between this subclass and the various
classes relating to separation of fluids is that the positive
recitation in a claim of the step of placing a fluid in a
well causes classification in this subclass.
(2) Note. See subclass 265 for search notes on classes
concerned with fluid separations.
Subclass:
267
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. A process
comprising separating the material coming out of the well
into two or more portions by steps taking place outside of
the well.
(1) Note. The line between this subclass and the classes
concerned with separation or treatment of fluids is that a
process comprising some significant steps of flowing or
treating taking place in a well combined with steps of
separating the fluid after it leaves the well is classified
in Class 166, but a process including the mere step of
withdrawing fluid from a well is classified according to the
remaining subject matter of the process.
(2) Note. A method of pumping a well (classifiable, per se,
in Class 417, Pumps) combined with a method of separating
fluid after it leaves the well is classifiable in this
subclass.
(3) Note. See subclass 265 for search notes on classes
concerned with fluid separation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
266 for processes involving separation outside of the well
and also the use of injection and producing wells.
Subclass:
268
Distinct, separate injection and producing wells:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising a step of using a plurality of wells, at least one
of which receives a fluid for insertion into the pores of the
earth, usually to push hydrocarbons, and another of which
conducts the pushed hydrocarbons and fluid from the pores of
the earth to the surface of the earth.
(1) Note. Patents are classified as originals under this
definition even if the output well is not claimed if the sole
disclosure is for a process involving input and output wells,
and a fluid claimed as inserted into the formation is
disclosed as a drive fluid. A "drive fluid" is one which is
continued to be inserted into the formation until
breakthrough or near breakthrough at an output well occurs
(e.g., the "water" in a waterflood process, etc.). A patent
describing a waterflood secondary recovery process or the
like which is not specifically disclosed as applicable to a
single combined input and output well is considered as drawn
to a sole disclosure of input and output wells even if the
output well is not mentioned.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
245 for a process in which there is a specific pattern of
plural wells including input and output wells.
252.1 for a process using input and output wells and
including a step of indicating, testing, measuring, or
locating.
256 for a process using in situ combustion.
263 for a process using a single well in which a single well
is used as an output well and then shut in or used as an
input well or is used as an input well and then used as an
output well.
266 for a process using input and output wells and in which
there is a separation of material issuing from an output
well.
306 for a process in which fluid enters and leaves a single
well at spaced zones in the well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclass 4 for subject matter relating to input and output
wells utilized for in situ conversion of solid material other
than hydrocarbon to fluid for recovery.
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
200 for compositions for treating a well and processes for
using the compositions involving no significant manipulative
step or relationship with the well. A process including
placing a composition into the pores of the earth is
considered to involve a significant manipulative step or
relationship.
Subclass:
269
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. A process in
which fluid material is introduced into the pores of the
earth from locations in an input well which are spaced from
each other along the longitudinal axis of the well, i.e.,
vertically spaced in the ordinary well having a vertical
axis.
(1) Note. A location which is packed off from another
location is considered longitudinally spaced. A single group
of holes in a well conduit is not considered to provide
longitudinally spaced locations, but longitudinally spaced
groups of holes do provide spaced locations. Fluid
introduced from an uncased portion of a well is considered to
be introduced from a single location.
(2) Note. A claim which calls for separate introduction of
fluids at locations longitudinally arranged in the well is
considered to meet the definition since such claim inherently
requires the use of a packer or equivalent means to effect
the separate introduction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
258 for a process involving plural distinct superimposed
formations and in situ combustion.
Subclass:
270
Injecting a composition to adjust the permeability (e.g.,
selective plugging):
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. A process in
distinct, separate wells in which the fluid temporarily
alters the ease of flow through the formation by filling in
the pores for a specific time, usually immediately prior to a
hydrocarbon driving fluid.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are gels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
300 for chemical interaction of two or more introduced
materials.
Subclass:
270.1
Injecting a composition including a surfactant or
cosurfactant
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. A process in
distinct, separate wells in which the fluid is a wetting
agent that causes the lowering of interfacial tension between
two fluids; e.g., water and oil.
(1) Note. The term "surface active agent" also describes
this type of material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
200 for well treating compositions.
Subclass:
270.2
Nonaqueous type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 270.1. Surfactant
or cosurfactant in which the fluid is a gas or a liquid not
containing water.
Subclass:
271
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. A process in
which the earth is cracked to produce a fissure or fissures
therein or in which fluid introduced into the pores of the
earth chemically reacts with the earth or deposits in the
earth to enlarge the pores.
(1) Note. See (1) Note in subclass 307 for a discussion of
the meaning of "deposits in the earth".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259 for a process including in situ combustion, input and
output wells and fracturing or attacking the formation.
Subclass:
272.1
Involving the step of heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. A process in
distinct, separate wells incorporating the step of raising
the temperature of the fluid.
(1) Note. Any incidental heating due to a chemical reaction
is not included unless it is specifically claimed.
(2) Note. The heating due to the natural heat of a formation
is not included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for a process involving input and output wells and
nuclear energy or radioactivity for heating the formation.
256 for a process involving input and output wells and in
situ combustion.
266 for a process involving input and output wells and
separating fluid outside of the well by heating.
302 for a heating process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 12 for
processes or apparatus for forming a bore by combustion of
the earth formation material and subclass 17 for processes or
apparatus including heating within the bore or heating the
drilling fluid used in boring.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclass 4 for subject matter relating to input and output
wells utilized for in situ conversion of solid material,
other than hydrocarbons, to fluid for recovery and generally
including the use of heat.
Subclass:
272.2
In association with fracturing or crevice forming processes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.1. Heating
including the step of creating a fissure in the formation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
308 for fracturing.
Subclass:
272.3
Steam as drive fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.1. Heating
utilizing high temperature water vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 643 for motive fluid energized by
externally applied heat.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 152 for steam
engines.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 35 for boiler
steam storage, 379+ for cleaning, and 459+ for steam
treatment.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, 16.1 for gaseous blast or
current (fluid steam injection).
165, Heat Exchange, 110 for first fluid holder or collector
open to second fluid (steam vapor condenser).
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, digest 10 for steam
heaters and condensers.
Subclass:
272.4
In combination with alkyls or carbon chains:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.3. Steam drive
including a substance having (a) univalent aliphatic,
aromatic-aliphatic, or alicyclic hydrocarbon radical or (b)
the element carbon in a chemical string.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
293 for cement or consolidating material containing
inorganic water settable and organic ingredients.
294 for cement or consolidating material being organic or
having organic ingredients.
295 for organic cementing material being a resin or
resinous.
Subclass:
272.5
With override zone, diverting, or path blocking operation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.3. Steam drive
including a bypassing, redirecting, or plugging operation.
Subclass:
272.6
Liquid material injected:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.1. Heating
wherein the fluid is flowable, wettable, cohesive, has a
viscosity which decreases with temperature, and which is
above ambient temperature.
Subclass:
272.7
Horizontal well:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.1. Heating in
which the borehole is substantially parallel to the earth's
surface.
Subclass:
275
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. A process in
which a fluid mixture or solution comprising water and a
material other than an inorganic gas, is introduced into the
pores of the earth.
(1) Note. The "material" must be other than a material
which is already present in the source water. Thus a natural
brine would not comprise an added "material" but a naturally
occurring water to which salt has been added would have an
added "material".
(2) Note. See (1) Note in subclass 268 for the
classification of a patent claiming placing a fluid into the
formation but not claiming an output well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
273 and 274, for a process involving input and output wells
in which two or more separate fluids are introduced into the
formation. Patents in subclasses 273 and 274 which disclose
significant species relating to introducing a single fluid
mixture or solution comprising water and a material other
than inorganic gas should be cross-referenced to subclass
275.
305.1 and the subclasses there noted for processes of
recovering fluid from a well involving placing a fluid into
the formation from the same well.
Subclass:
276
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising establishing a mass of material having small
irregular interstices in the well at the location where earth
fluid enters the well so as to act as a filter for such
fluid.
(1) Note. The material may be made porous before or after
it is placed in the well. It must continue to be an adhered
mass after being made porous.
(2) Note. The mass of material must be coherent or made of
adhered particles. A bed of separate unadhered particles such
as a gravel bed is not included. See subclass 278 for a
process of making an unadhered bed of particles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
278 for a process of graveling or filter forming.
280 for a specific propping feature for a fracture.
285 and the subclasses there noted for a process of
cementing, plugging or consolidating which may include
establishing a porous mass of adhered particles in the
formation, especially subclass 295 for a process in which the
cementing or consolidating material is or has an ingredient
which is a resin.
Subclass:
277
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising repairing an object in the well (e.g., connecting
broken ends, stopping leaks through the casting wall,
replacing a casing section, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207 for an expansible casing section.
311 for processes for cleaning, which may cause an
ineffective object to become operative.
315 for a process of placing, shifting, constructing or
assembling well parts including expanding a casing section
against a bore hole wall.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 15.01-15.26 for a process
of cleaning, repairing, or assembling.
Subclass:
278
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising making a bed of gravel or other filter material in
situ in the well for straining fluids flowing into the well.
(1) Note. This definition does not include a process
involving merely forming a bed of filter material outside of
the well and lowering it into the well. See subclass 315 for
a process of making a well.
(2) Note. This definition includes washing away earth
around a well conduit to form a bed of gravel or the like.
Processes involving merely cleaning a well, however, would be
classified in subclasses 311+ and processes involving
attacking a formation would be classified in subclass 307 or
the subclasses there noted.
(3) Note. Making a bed of gravel or filter material in the
formation is not included. Note subclass 280 for propping
material in a fracture and subclasses 285+ and the subclasses
there noted for permeable material deposited in the
formation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for apparatus for forming a filter bed.
276 for a process involving providing a porous mass of
adhered gravel or filter material in the well.
280 for a process involving a specific propping feature for
a fracture.
285 and subclasses there noted for a process of cementing,
plugging or consolidating which may involve establishing a
filter effect in the formation.
Subclass:
279
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising placing material into the pores of the earth so
that fluid which was in the pores of the earth before the
start of the process will be treated to acquire some
beneficial property (e.g., corrosion inhibiting, etc.) as it
flows past the material to enter the well.
(1) Note. Merely flushing out a material (e.g., an acid,
etc.) which has been placed in the pores of a formation by
flow of fluid from the pores of the earth without any desired
beneficial property being given to the earth fluid does not
come within this definition. Such processes are classified in
subclass 305 and the subclasses there noted.
Subclass:
280
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising some claimed specific feature relating to placing
discrete particles in a fracture in a formation to maintain
the walls of the fracture spaced apart by resisting forces
tending to close the fracture.
(1) Note. For classification as an original under this
definition the specific feature must be more than merely
identifying the propping material as sand, or the equivalent,
or merely the use of a specific fluid containing the propping
material or merely the introduction of the propping material
in one of a series of fracturing fluids.
(2) Note. Placing in a fracture a slurry of cement which
sets and remains in place as an adhered mass and which cement
may contain hard particles dispersed therein is not
considered to come within this definition. For a process
involving cementing see subclasses 281, 283 and 285+. This
definition does include, however, a process in which discrete
propping particles are adhered together after being placed
and a process in which propping particles are incorporated in
a carrier fluid, which may be cement (such as a gel), and the
carrier fluid is changed in nature, or removed, or is of such
a nature that the discrete particles themselves resist
closing of the fracture rather than a mass of cement in which
the particles are embedded resisting closing of the
fracture.
(3) Note. A process in which discrete particles are placed
in a fracture so that the particles are crowded together or
compacted to plug the fracture to impede the flow of fluid is
not considered to come within this definition. See the
subclasses relating to cementing or plugging, especially
subclasses 292+ for such a process.
(4) Note. Discrete particles in a fracture which are
described merely as forming a filter will be assured also to
act as props and be classifiable under this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 283 and 308, for a process involving fracturing a
formation, which may include propping the formation by steps
not specific enough to come within this definition.
285 for a process of cementing, plugging or consolidating in
which the cement or plug is located in a fracture and resists
forces tending to close the fracture.
Subclass:
281
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process in
which a part of the process relates to (1) cementing,
plugging or consolidating and a separate part of the process
relates to (2) fracturing or attacking the formation.
(1) Note. See the definition of subclasses 307 and 308 for
the meaning of attacking the formation and fracturing the
formation, respectively.
(2) Note. It is not considered two separate parts of a
process if a single stream or volume of one fluid composition
performs both functions (1) and (2). See subclasses 282 and
283 for such processes.
(3) Note. It is not considered two separate parts of a
process performing functions (1) and (2) if the process is
for forming a fracture by cementing, plugging or
consolidating material and as a separate step forming another
fracture by such material. Such process would be
classifiable in subclass 283.
Subclass:
282
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process in
which a fluid is introduced into the pores of the earth to
chemically react with the earth or deposits in the earth to
enlarge the pores of the earth and there is a specifically
claimed feature of the process for limiting travel of the
fluid in the pores of the formation.
(1) Note. See (1) Note of subclass 307 for the meaning of
"deposits in the earth".
(2) Note. The feature to limit travel of the fluid may
relate to an addition in the fluid or to another material
placed in the pores of the formation or in the well in
contact with the formation acting to limit or block flow of
the attacking fluid in all directions or to deflect the flow
to a desired direction. A mechanical means for directing
flow such as a packer in the well bore is not included. The
blocking or flow directing material is sometimes called a
blanketing material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for processes relating to separate steps for (1)
cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) attacking the
formation in which the cementing, plugging or consolidating
material may limit loss of the attacking fluid.
Subclass:
283
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process in
which the earth is cracked by a fluid in order to create a
fissure or fissures therein and in which (1) there is a
specifically claimed feature for limiting travel of the fluid
in the pores of the formation or (2) the fluid is a
cementing, plugging or consolidating material.
(1) Note. See (2) Note of subclass 282 for the meaning of
the feature to limit travel of the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for processes relating to separate steps of (1)
cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing, in
which the cementing, plugging or consolidating material may
limit fluid loss of the fracturing fluid.
Subclass:
284
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process in
which there is an opening in the side wall of a pipe or well
conduit and a pellet entrained in a fluid is caused to be
moved by said fluid to impede flow of said fluid through the
opening, a single pellet being used to impede flow through an
opening.
(1) Note. Plural pellets may be used to block plural
openings but only one pellet is used for each of the openings
blocked by the pellets. If a plurality of pellets or
particles are used to block an opening the operation is
considered to be a cementing or plugging process for
subclasses 285+.
(2) Note. The pellet must be free to travel a substantial
distance due to fluid flow. A pellet confined in a cage
adjacent an opening which pellet is moved by fluid flow to
block the opening is considered a check valve. A process
using such a pellet would be classified on other features.
Subclass:
285
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising (1) causing fluent material to flow into position
in prepositioned well conduit substantially to stop flow of a
fluid by forming a blocking means in situ, said material
being plastic or hardenable after being so placed, (2)
placing small particles in a prepositioned well conduit to
cause them to form a mass of particles in situ substantially
to stop flow of a fluid, (3) placing or forming solid or
plastic material in the pores of or spaces in a formation to
block them and thereby impede flow of an earth fluid, (4)
treating a formation with an introduced material so as to
prevent it from shifting or breaking down, i.e.,
consolidating the formation, or (5) treating a formation
(e.g., by heating, etc.) to cause the formation to coalesce
into an impermeable or consolidated mass.
(1) Note. Patents with claims in which there is only a
broad mention by name only of a cementing, plugging or
consolidating process with no detail of the steps of the
process or the material used, are classified on the basis of
the other steps recited. In the case, however, of a drilling
process in which drilling is interrupted for cementing,
classification may be in subclasses 285+ even if the
cementing step is only nominally or inferentially claimed.
See section III of the class definition. However, if any
other steps are set forth in a claim affording a basis for
classification in a subclass below subclasses 285+ then the
patent is classified in the appropriate subclass, the nominal
cementing step being disregarded.
(2) Note. Processes which include forming a coating or
lining on the bore hole wall or plugging the pores of the
formation by drilling fluid while the earth in being cut or
disintegrated to form the bore, are not classified as
cementing, plugging or consolidating processes for this
class. See section III of the class definition of Class 166
for the line with Class 175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth,
and the search notes below.
(3) Note. Merely forming a plug or the like by lowering a
quantity of plastic material in a container and permitting it
to harden in the container is not included. See subclass 315
for such processes.
(4) Note. Under this definition material deposited in the
openings of a formation may block one fluid and not another,
or may form a permeable mass.
(5) Note. Material deposited in the formation to form a
film or thin coating on the formation material, or to form a
foam, is not considered to come within this definition. See
subclasses 305+ and the subclasses there noted for processes
for so treating the formation.
(6) Note. Material deposited in a fracture to form discrete
props for the fracture is not considered to come within this
definition. See subclass 280 for processes involving a
specific propping feature and see (3) Note in said subclass
for the distinction between propping and cementing or
plugging.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244.1 for a miscellaneous process involving forming a film
or coating on a member.
276 for a process for providing a porous cementitious filter
in a bore hole.
279 for a process for placing material in the pores of a
formation to treat resident fluid flowing into the well.
280 for a process including a specific feature relating to
propping a fracture.
281 for a process involving separate steps of (1) cementing,
plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the
formation.
283 for a process for fracturing a formation by forcing
cement or plugging material into the formation.
284 for a process for causing a pellet to block an opening
in the wall of a well conduit by flowing a fluid carrying
said pellet, a single pellet being large enough to block an
opening.
305 and subclasses there noted for a process for placing
material other than cementing, plugging or consolidating
material in the openings of a formation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 741.11 for a
process of construction or assembling of a building, e.g.,
cistern or well, made by workmen operating on an exposed face
of such a structure.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for plastic compositions which may be used in well
cementing, plugging or consolidating processes.
118, Coating Apparatus, 25 and the subclasses there noted
for apparatus of general utility for applying a coating.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
laminating in general and see especially 293 and 423+ for
inserting a core within a tube.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 65 for processes of
boring with a fluid and especially subclass 72 for such
processes which include prevention of lost circulation or
caving while drilling. See section III of the class
definition of Class 166 for the line between Class 166 and
Class 175.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses
for compounds which may be used in cementing, plugging or
consolidating processes.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses, for processes of working,
shaping or molding plastic materials, within the class
definition.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 57 for
processes of cementing fluid reservoirs in the earth by means
operated from the earth surface; subclasses 130+ for
processes of applying heat to or removing heat from an earth
formation; subclasses 233+ for casting a pile in situ from
hardenable fluent material; and subclasses 263+ for applying
a chemical substance to an earth formation to condition the
same, especially subclasses 266+ for cementitious substances,
except that patents disclosing or claiming treatment of a
well or treatment of the earth around a well are classified
in Class 166.
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
100 for the composition of well drilling mud and processes
which involve no more than the mere use of such compositions
or a compound.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, particularly Class 523, 130 for a composition
having utility in consolidating a formation in a well or in
cementing a well or to processes of preparing said
composition.
Subclass:
286
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. A process
comprising placing cement by (1) using a container of the
cement in a well, (2) exploding the cement against the bore
hole wall, (3) vibrating the cement while in the bore hole,
or (4) striking the cement in the bore hole a blow or series
of blows.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for a receptacle, all or a part of which is separated
from a lowering means and left in the well in order to plug
the well with cement.
162 for a container for transporting material into a well.
249 for a process involving vibrating the earth or material
in or being placed in the pores of the earth.
315 for a process for forming a plug or the like by merely
lowering a quantity of plastic material in a container and
letting it harden.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 234 for a
process or apparatus for casting a pile in situ of hardenable
fluent material utilizing an explosion.
Subclass:
287
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. A process in
which a mold or forming means is used to hold the cement, the
mold or forming means being removed from the well bore after
the cement has set and been shaped by the mold or form.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 243 for a
corresponding process employed to cast a pile in situ.
Subclass:
288
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. A process
involving the use of a significant or substantial amount of
heat.
(1) Note. The use of heat in preparing a cementing,
plugging or consolidating material above ground is not
included. See subclasses 292+ for such a process.
(2) Note. The presence of heat must be positively stated in
a claim for classification of a patent in this subclass. An
inference that heat is present, as because of a chemical
reaction, is not sufficient for classification in this
subclass.
(3) Note. Merely permitting the natural heat present in the
well to act on cementing, plugging, or consolidating material
is not included. See subclass 295 for methods involving the
use of resins set by the natural heat of the well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 234 for
processes or apparatus for casting a piling in situ of
hardenable fluent material including heating or cooling.
Subclass:
289
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. A process in
which cementing, plugging or consolidating material is caused
to issue from a single string of well casing at a plurality
of levels.
(1) Note. A group of substantially evenly spaced
perforations in a casing out of which cementing, plugging or
consolidating material may issue is considered a single level
rather than a plurality of levels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
269 for a process involving input and output walls and fluid
injected into the earth from different levels in an injection
well.
Subclass:
290
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. A process
comprising placing the cementing, plugging or consolidating
composition by means of a well tubing, the lower end of which
is lifted from the level at which the composition is placed,
after placement.
Subclass:
291
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. A process
comprising forcing the cement down a tubing or casing in the
well and separating the traveling body of cement from an
adjacent fluid by a piston means at an end of the cement
body.
(1) Note. The piston means may itself comprise a fluid of
limited longitudinal extent which functions like a solid
piston.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for well devices comprising pistons fluid driven into
the well.
Subclass:
292
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. A process
using a specifically claimed material in at least one of the
steps of the process.
(1) Note. The mere naming in a claim of Portland cement,
hydraulic cement or water is not sufficient to cause
classification of a patent in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for compositions useful in well cementing,
plugging or consolidating.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 64 and 65+,
especially subclass 72, for drilling while circulating fluid
which may form a mud sheath or plug the formation. See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class in the class
definition of Class 166 for the line between Class 166 and
Class 175.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 263 for processes of
applying a chemical substance to an earth formation not
involving wells.
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
100 for compositions to carry off cutting during drilling
and broadly claimed processes of using said compositions or
compounds.
Subclass:
293
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. A process in
which the material which causes cementing, plugging or
consolidating comprises a mixture of an organic material and
an inorganic material which hydrates to become hard or
plastic.
(1) Note. Clays, for the purpose of this definition, are
not considered to be materials which hydrate to become hard
or plastic.
(2) Note. The material of the definition must be a slurry
which is considered to form an intermingled mixture of
organic and inorganic cementing, plugging or consolidating
materials when in final position in the well or formation.
If the organic and inorganic materials were considered to be
separate or separate in the formation or well so that only
one of them performs the cementing, plugging or consolidating
function, then classification would be on some other basis,
probably in subclasses 292 or 294+.
Subclass:
294
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. A process in
which the material performing the cementing, plugging or
consolidating function is organic or comprises an organic
ingredient.
Subclass:
295
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. A process in
which the organic material is a resin or is resinous.
(1) Note. The resin or resinous material may be the end
result of a reaction between other materials in the well or
formation.
Subclass:
296
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising the steps of preventing the flow of earth fluid
into a well conduit through the openings of a preformed
strainer or preformed filter while it is being lowered
through a producing formation and then permitting flow of
earth fluid through said openings to produce the well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for screens with valves, closures or removable
portions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 314 for drive
points with screens which may have means for preventing
entrance of fluid while driving the point into the ground.
Subclass:
297
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising forming a hold, weakening a localized portion,
bending or separating portions of a pipe at any suitable
location which has not previously been prepared to make it
easier to operate on.
(1) Note. The earth wall of the well or a cake left on the
formation by circulating fluid while drilling a bore is not
considered a pipe wall, but a cementitious wall of a well
conduit made by the process defined in subclass 285 or made
above ground is considered a pipe wall.
(2) Note. In processes relating to an above ground location
some significant well feature should be present for
classification in this subclass, but for processes taking
place below ground a disclosure line is followed except for
those processes provided for in other classes.
(3) Note. The term "bending" in this definition is limited
to bending which causes a change in the direction of the
longitudinal axis of the pipe. Processes involving expanding
a pipe wall may be found in subclasses 277 and 315.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for devices for perforating, weakening, bending or
separating a well pipe at an unprepared location.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, 367.1 for processes of tube making
and/or reshaping which may be disclosed as for use in a
well.
83, Cutting, 13 for cutting methods in general, and
particularly subclass 54, indented thereunder, for a method
of cutting the wall of a hollow workpiece.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 2 for processes of
firing a bullet or exploding a shaped charge from an
inaccessible bore for perforating a wall member in the bore
if the process inherently result in penetration of the
formation.
Subclass:
298
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. A process in
which the wall portion of the pipe is perforated, weakened or
separated by (1) a mechanical cutting, punching or abrading
means or (2) a jet of fluid containing an abrasive.
(1) Note. A projectile propelled by an explosive jet of
fluid such as that produced by a shaped charge is not
included. Processes using such projectiles or jets are
classifiable in subclass 297 or Class 175, Boring or
Penetrating the Earth, subclasses 2+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for apparatus for perforating, weakening or separating a
pipe wall.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 13 for cutting methods in general, especially
subclass 54 for a method of cutting the wall of a hollow
workpiece, and subclass 177 for apparatus for cutting by
fluid blast and/or suction.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 67 for boring
by fluid erosion and subclass 422 for an earth boring
nozzle.
Subclass:
299
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process in
which an explosion is caused to occur or a container is
broken to cause an implosion.
(1) Note. An explosion in an internal combustion engine for
driving the engine is not considered an "explosion" for this
subclass. Such disclosures are classified on other
features.
(2) Note. The container usually contains relatively low
pressure fluid such as air at atmospheric pressure so that
when it is broken in a high pressure environment, such as a
well, an implosion occurs.
(3) Note. A "container" under this definition is a
completely enclosed space and not a tubing of indefinite
length.
(4) Note. Breaking a closure portion only of a container is
not included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for apparatus for causing an explosion in a well.
162 for a receptacle bodily movable in a well to carry
material which may be used to cause an implosion.
247 for a process involving an explosion caused by nuclear
energy.
297 for a process including perforating, weakening or
separating a pipe wall in a well.
311 for a cleaning process using an implosion caused by
creating access to a low pressure area in a container or
tubing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 2 for processes or
apparatus for forming a bore hole by below ground explosion,
or perforating or cutting a casing or other bore lining by
firing a bullet or exploding a shaped charge in an
inaccessible bore.
417, Pumps, 73, for combustion type pumping methods for
wells.
Subclass:
300
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising placing from above ground level, two or more
materials into the well which chemically react with each
other in the well or earth.
(1) Note. The reaction may be between one introduced
material and a product produced by the reaction of another
introduced material with a material found in the well.
(2) Note. The word "material" in the definition is intended
to mean an unformed or particulate material or a material
which has a form for purposes of the process but is not a
device such as a tool, pipe, closure disk, or the like, which
has an independent function in the well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for apparatus comprising a burner in the well.
260 for an in situ combustion process comprising introducing
fuel or a catalyst into the pores of the formation.
262 for an in situ combustion process in which there is a
solid fuel in the well.
270 for a process involving input and output wells and in
which there is a chemical interreaction in the pores of the
formation of material introduced into the input well.
276 for a process of forming a porous, cementitious material
to form a filter.
283 for a process for fracturing a formation, said process
having a specific low fluid loss feature and including
braking a low fluid loss compound or composition.
292 for a cementing, plugging or consolidating process
involving chemical reaction of introduced materials.
299 for a process involving a chemical reaction which
produces an explosion.
309 for a process for producing foam or gas in a well by
reaction of a foam or gas producing material with material
already in the well.
311 for a cleaning process in which the material being
removed has been introduced before the cleaning process
starts.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 64 for
processes of boring including a chemical reaction with the
earth formation or a drilling fluid constituent.
Subclass:
301
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
for (1) releasing an object in the well from a condition
which prevents it from being moved, (2) grappling for an
object in the well or (3) retrieving a small, loose object
from inside the well.
(1) Note. A process under part (1) of this definition must
involve more than merely disconnecting two parts, severing a
part so as to leave a stuck portion in the well and free the
severed portion or unsetting a device like a packer; a
special procedure must be used to free a member held fast in
the well by a condition such as corrosion or cave-in of the
formation. A process under part (2) of this definition
relates to a process for using the grapple apparatus found in
Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
especially subclasses 86.1+; a process for merely affecting a
pipe joint or coupling is not included, such process when
used in a well being classifiable in subclass 315. A process
under part (3) of the definition relates to a process for
using the fishing means found in Class 294, especially
subclasses 86.1+, or in Class 166, subclass 99.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for apparatus for separating a pipe section from an
adjacent section at an unprepared point.
98 for apparatus comprising a grapple and a well anchored
lifting means.
99 for apparatus with junk retrieving means.
178 for apparatus with jar means for releasing a stuck
part.
297 for a process of freeing a pipe section by separating it
from an adjacent section at an unprepared point.
311 for a process of cleaning which may be similar to a
process in subclass 301 but not for freeing a stuck object,
grappling or fishing in the well. For example, a process for
bailing sand from a well would be classifiable in subclasses
311+ whereas a process for fishing, e.g., recovering a small
discrete object from the well rather than a particulate mass
of material, would be classifiable in subclass 301.
315 for a process of disconnecting parts, removing parts
from a well or unsetting devices such as packers, no special
releasing procedure being used because of caving, corrosion
or the like.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 293 for apparatus
comprising below ground hammer or impact means, including
such means used to free a stuck object in a well.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 66.5
for a grapple comprising a magnet and subclasses 86.1+ for a
well type grapple apparatus.
Subclass:
302
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process in
which there is a heating, cooling, or insulating step or a
heated or cooled material is used.
(1) Note. A mere welding step is not included. See the
search notes below.
(2) Note. The cooling effect of gas flowing through a choke
is not subject matter for this subclass unless said effect
forms a part of the method being claimed. Processes
involving wells flowing through chokes may be classified in
subclass 314.
(3) Note. In processes for attacking a formation heat may
be generated by chemical reaction with the formation. Such a
process is not classified as an original under this
definition, however, unless the heat effect is specifically
recited in a claim. Processes for attacking the formation are
classified in subclass 307 and the subclasses there
mentioned.
(4) Note. The heating due to the natural heat of a
formation is not included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for apparatus for perforating, bending or separating a
tubing or casing by an explosively propelled projectile.
57 for well apparatus with heating or cooling means.
63 for apparatus involving means for causing an explosion or
gas generation in a well.
247 for a process involving nuclear energy or radioactivity
for heating.
248 for a process in which an electric current is passed
through the earth for heating the earth.
256 for a process involving in situ combustion.
265 for a process in which the heating or cooling is used to
effect separation of fluids from the well.
270 for a process involving input and output wells and
chemical reaction of introduced materials in the pores of the
earth or a surfactant produced in situ in the pores of the
earth.
272.1 for a process involving input and output wells, and a
heating step.
286 for a cementing, plugging or consolidating process
including an explosion.
288 for a cementing, plugging or consolidating process
including heating.
297 for a process for perforating, weakening, bending, or
separating tubing or casing involving an explosion or heating
means.
299 for a process including an explosion.
300 for a process including an exothermic interreaction of
chemicals introduced into the well.
315 for a process of joining well parts by welding or
soldering.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 11 for processes or
apparatus for boring by directly applying heat to fluidize or
comminute the formation and subclass 17 for processes or
apparatus for heating or cooling within the bore hole or
heating or cooling the drilling fluid.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 56 and 130+
for the application or removal of heat from an earth
formation not involving a well.
Subclass:
303
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. A process in
which a heated fluid is introduced into the pores of the
earth, said fluid being heated before it enters the pores of
the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for a process for using nuclear energy to heat a fluid
to be injected into the formation.
272.1 for a process involving input and output wells and
including placing preheated fluid into the formation.
288 for a process involving placing a heated cementing,
plugging or consolidating material in the pores of the
earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, 3
for mining by introducing a heated fluid into the formation.
See the reference to Class 299 in section V of the class
definition of Class 166 for the line between Class 166 and
Class 299.
Subclass:
304
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process in
which paraffin or other similar solid petroleum deposits are
dissolved by a solvent therefor or paraffin or other solid
petroleum deposits are prevented from forming.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 for eduction pumps with means for throwing a jet oil on
the sides of the well during pumping in order to dissolve or
prevent formation of paraffin.
279 for a process for placing material (including paraffin
solvents) in the pores of a formation to treat resident fluid
flowing into the well.
300 for a process of removing paraffin comprising the
interreaction of introduced chemicals.
302 for a process of preventing formation of or dissolving
paraffin comprising a heating or cooling step.
311 for a process of cleaning in which paraffin may
incidentally be dissolved or removed.
314 for a process of flowing a well in which paraffin may
incidentally be dissolved or prevented from forming.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for preventing contaminant
deposits in petroleum oil conduits.
Subclass:
305.1
Placing fluid into or fracturing the formation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process in
which a fluid is caused to enter the pores of the earth.
(1) Note. Mere incidental entry into the formation of a
fluid used for cleaning the well is not enough for
classification under this definition. Such processes may be
found in subclasses 311+. If, however, in a cleaning process
a fluid is positively claimed as entering the pores of a
formation the process is considered to come within this
definition.
(2) Note. The fluid used to enter the pores of the earth
may come from the well itself or may have entered the well
from another earth zone and may be separated from other
fluids while remaining in the well.
(3) Note. Class 405 takes subject matter relating to merely
storing or disposing of fluid in an earthen cavity or the
soil. However, subject matter relating to recovering both a
fluid from its original location in the earth and a fluid
previously caused to enter the earth is classified in Class
166.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for a process in which fluid enters the earth and in
situ combustion in the pores of the earth occurs.
263 for cyclic operation of plural wells in which a well is
used as an input well.
266 for a process involving input and output wells and
separating material leaving the well.
268 for a process involving input and output wells. Patents
are classified in subclasses 268+ even if the output well is
not claimed if the sole disclosure is for a process involving
input and output wells and a fluid claimed as inserted into
the formation is disclosed as a drive fluid. A "drive fluid"
is one which is continued to be inserted into the formation
until breakthrough or near breakthrough at an output well
(e.g., the "water" in a waterflood process). A patent to a
waterflood or secondary recovery process which is not
specifically disclosed as applicable to a single combined
input and output well is considered a sole disclosure of
input and output wells even if the output well is not
mentioned.
279 for a process involving placing material in the pores of
a formation to treat resident fluid flowing into the well.
285 for a process involving causing cementing, plugging or
consolidating material to enter the pores of a formation.
300 for a process involving chemical reaction of material
introduced into the well, which material may enter the pores
of a formation.
302 for a process involving heating or cooling, especially
subclass 303, for a process involving placing a preheated
fluid into the pores of a formation.
304 for a process involving dissolving or preventing the
formation of a solid oil deposit which process may include
placing a fluid into the pores of a formation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 65 for earth boring
with fluid, especially subclass 67 for boring by fluid
erosion.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, 16
for a process of breaking down valuable or hard material by
direct contact with fluid.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering 53 for fluid storage in
an earthen cavity; and subclasses 128+ for waste disposal in
soil.
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
200 for well treating compositions and mere methods of using
them.
Subclass:
306
This subclass is indented under subclass 305.1. A process in
which fluid leaves the well to enter pores in the earth and
fluid also enters the well from pores in the earth, the zones
of departure from and entry into the well being spaced from
each other.
(1) Note. The spacing of zones is often effected by a
packer. A single group of holes in a well conduit is
considered a single zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 for a process involving injecting fluid into the earth
while producing fluid from the earth by in situ combustion
from the same well.
Subclass:
307
A process under subclasses 305.1+ in which fluid introduced
into the pores of the earth chemically reacts with the earth
or deposits in the earth to enlarge the pores.
(1) Note. The phrase "deposits in the earth" does not
include material purposely placed in the earth such as cement
or fracture props. It is intended to include material
precipitated from the flowing earth fluid. Processes for
attacking material purposely placed in the earth are
classified on other bases and may comprise a part of a
process involving cementing in subclasses 285+ or propping in
subclass 280.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259 for a process involving in situ combustion and also
fracturing or attacking the formation.
271 for a process involving input and output wells and also
fracturing or attacking the formation.
281 for a process involving separate steps of (1) cementing,
plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the
formation.
282 for a process involving a specific low fluid loss
feature for a fluid attacking the formation.
304 for a process for dissolving solid oil deposits in the
formation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 64 for earth
boring processes involving a chemical reaction with the earth
formation.
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, appropriate subclasses
for etching of various materials.
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
200 for well treating compositions and mere methods of using
them. See SEARCH CLASS note in Class 166, subclass 244.1,
for a further discussion.
Subclass:
308
A process under subclasses 305.1+ in which the earth is
cracked to create a fissure therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177.1 for apparatus for fracturing a formation.
259 for a process involving in situ combustion and
fracturing a formation.
271 for a process involving input and output wells and
fracturing the formation.
280 for a process involving fracturing the formation and a
specific propping feature.
281 for a process involving separate steps of (1) cementing,
plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing the formation.
283 for a process involving a specific low fluid loss
feature for a fracturing fluid or a process in which a
cementing, plugging or consolidating material causes a
fracture.
299 for a process of fracturing involving use of an
explosive.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 301 for apparatus and
methods for fracturing a formation by the use of an
explosive.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclasses,
especially 2 for initially forming or radially enlarging an
elongated hole having a desired geometrical configuration,
rather than forming an irregular fissure, in the earth.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclass 13 for a process of breaking down hard material by
an explosive, subclasses 16+ for a process of breaking down
material by direct contact with fluid, and subclasses 20+ for
expansible breaking down devices. The line between Classes
299 and 166 as to this subject matter is based on the
disclosed purpose for performing the fracturing process. If
the purpose is ultimately to recover fluid from the earth by
a Class 166 process classification is in Class 166; if the
purpose is ultimately to perform a Class 299 mining operation
or to perform a mere disintegration operation (of the type
classifiable in Class 299) then classification is in Class
299. See the reference to Class 299 in References to Other
Classes in the class definition of Class 166 for the
distinction between Class 166 and Class 299 relative to
recovering fluid from the earth and mining.
Subclass:
309
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising introducing a material into the well which by
interreaction with fluid already in the well acts as a
foaming agent in the well or by its own change of state
causes production of gas bubbles or foam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
300 for a process involving a chemical interreaction of a
plurality of introduced materials which may produce gas or
foam.
311 for a process of unloading a well by introduction of gas
into the well, which gas may cause generation of a foam or
entrained gas bubbles without use of a foaming agent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 10 for foam colloid systems or agents for such
systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
310
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising placing material in a well so that fluid flowing
into and out of the well from the earth entrains, dissolves
or reacts with the material thereby to impart some beneficial
property to the resulting mixture, solution or composition.
(1) Note. An example of a "beneficial property" is
corrosion inhibiting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
279 for a process involving material placed in the pores of
a formation to treat resident fluid flowing into the well.
309 for a process involving material placed in a well to
produce a foam or gas in the well as the earth fluid flows
into and out of the well.
311 for a process for cleaning or unloading a well
comprising entraining gas in material in a well to lift it
out of the well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
100 for earth boring or well treating compositions and their
mere methods of use.
Subclass:
311
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising (1) removing undesired deposited material from
well apparatus, (2) removing undesired deposited material
from an existing bore hole or cavity or surrounding formation
or (3) removing undesired liquid standing in the well and
impeding the production of the desired fluid from the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for a process for removing a stuck object, grappling or
fishing in the well.
305 for a process of placing a fluid into the formation, and
see (1) Note in subclass 305 for the distinction between
subclasses 305+ and 311+.
309 for a process of unloading a well by producing foam or
gas in the well by a foaming or gas producing material.
314 for a process of producing the well which may include
moving liquid in the well out of the well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 1.7
for submerged cleaners with ambient flow guides, and subclass
246.5 for tank cleaners, and see the search notes
thereunder.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 301 for apparatus and
methods for cleaning a bore by exploding a torpedo.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, 22.1 for
process of cleaning hollow articles other than wells.
137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 15.01-15.26 for a process
of cleaning, repairing, or assembling.
Subclass:
312
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. A process in
which a liquid is introduced into the well from the top of
the well.
(1) Note. The liquid may have come originally from the well
itself.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56 for a screen with a washpipe located outside of the
screen.
157 for a screen with a washing point or shoe.
278 for a process of graveling including cleaning.
285 for a process of cementing, plugging or consolidating
including cleaning.
300 for a process of cleaning involving chemical reaction of
introduced materials, one of which may be the material to be
removed.
301 for a process for removing a stuck object, grappling or
fishing in the well.
302 for a process of cleaning involving heating.
304 for a process of dissolving solid oil deposits.
305.1 for a process of cleaning involving placing a fluid
into the pores of a formation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 67 for
processes of boring, which include reaming or enlarging the
diameter of the bore, by fluid erosion.
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
100 for processes of cleaning involving only inserting a
material in the bore hole without any significant
manipulative step. See the reference to Class 507 in Class
166, subclass 244.1, SEARCH CLASS, for a further discussion
of class lines.
Subclass:
313
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. A process
comprising (1) the use of plural well conduits which extend
from the ground surface substantially to or past a producing
formation, the conduits being positioned side by side rather
than one within the other, or (2) producing fluid from
vertically spaced zones in the well.
(1) Note. A conduit which extends alongside another conduit
and which is intended to be used only for servicing the other
conduit as by furnishing lifting gas is not considered a well
conduit for part (1) of the definition. Processes using such
conduits are classified on other features.
(2) Note. A patent is classified as an original in this
definition under part (1) if conduits are referred to in a
claim and they are disclosed as positioned side by side and
not one within another even though no claim recites the side
by side feature.
(3) Note. The vertically spaced zones may be nothing more
than spaced groups of perforations receiving fluid from a
single producing zone but usually the vertically spaced zones
are for producing fluid from spaced formations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for a packer for non concentric conduits.
258 for a process of producing fluid from distinct
formations by in situ combustion.
269 for a process of producing fluid from spaced formations
by driving fluid through the formations from an adjacent well
and desirably distributing the driving fluid through the
formations.
306 for a process in which fluid leaves a well and fluid
enters a well from spaced zones.
Subclass:
316
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices comprising (1) valves, (2) closure means operable
while the device is in the well (e.g., by destroying them) to
effect fluid flow, or (3) means for effecting a calculated
regulation of fluid flow by a restriction whose restrictive
effect may be varied (e.g., a changeable choke).
(1) Note. The restrictive effect under (3) of the
definition may be changed by destroying the restriction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for float controlled valves.
107 for valved receptacles with eduction pumps or plungers.
112 for valves operated during the operation of an eduction
pump to allow liquid to flow into the well.
141 for a packer or plug seal which opens a port when
expanded.
142 and subclasses there noted for a central chamber with a
packer or plug and a controllable passage between the chamber
and the space beneath the packer.
154 for valves or closures opened by a piston fluid driven
into the well.
155 for pistons fluid driven into the well with means
permitting flow past the piston.
156 for a stop member positioned in a conduit and having an
opening which is adapted to be closed by a piston fluid
driven into the well.
162 for receptacles with valves or closures.
179 for flow control by means of packers or plugs.
183 for a packer with a controllable bypass outside a
central conduit.
184 for a controllable passage between a central conduit and
the space above a packer or plug.
188 for a packer or plug with a passage therethrough
controlled by a valve, closure or variable restriction.
194 for a sleeve valve operated by a dropped ball type
plug.
205 for screens with valves, closures or changeable
restrictors.
231 for spiral well screens constructed so that the spacing
between the spirals may be varied.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 67, for flow controllers responsive to
the destruction, fusion or permanent deformation of an
element, subclass 155, for gas lift valves in wells, subclass
515, for line condition change responsive valves in conduit
couplings, and other appropriate subclasses for fluid
handling means with valves of general utility. See the class
definition of Class 166 for the line.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 37, for flow regulators of
general utility and 89+, for pipe closures and plugs of
general utility.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 232, for a below ground
means movable relative to an earth boring tool to stop flow
toward the bore bottom, and subclasses 317+, for an earth
boring apparatus with a means movable relative to a tool or
shaft to control a below ground passage.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, subclass 76, for impact
actuated valves, subclasses 142+, for a flow path with a
single valve, subclasses 341+, for valves in which the valve
actuator is the valve casing or a continuation thereof, and
other appropriate subclasses, for valve and actuators of
general utility not having a specific location in or
relationship to the well.
Subclass:
317
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Devices in
which there is an element that is destroyed or permanently
deformed to allow fluid flow or to stop fluid flow.
Subclass:
318
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Devices in
which there is an element or member dropped into the well to
operate the valve to open or closed position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
317 for an element which is dropped to effect destruction of
a valve.
Subclass:
319
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Devices
wherein the valve is actuated in response to fluid pressure
or fluid flow. The operating fluid may be derived from a
source externally of the valve or it may be the fluid which
flows through the valve.
Subclass:
320
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Devices in
which the valve element is adjustable to control the amount
of fluid flowing through the valve. The adjustment of the
valve may be a positive, variable opening or closing of the
valve or it may be an automatic adjustment responsive to
fluid pressure at the valve.
Subclass:
321
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Devices in
which fluid pressure acts on a surface of the valve to urge
the valve to open position. The fluid acting on the valve
may be the flow line fluid acting on surfaces of the valve of
unequal areas or the fluid may be a control fluid distinct
from the flow fluid.
Subclass:
322
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Devices in
which the valve is insertable and retrievable from the flow
line, seats in position in the flow line and is usually held
in position by a latch means.
Subclass:
323
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Devices in
which the valve element is positively locked in open or
closed position to provide flow therethrough in both
directions or to prevent flow therethrough in either
direction.
Subclass:
324
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Devices in
which the valve has means which when operated equalized the
pressure on both sides of the valve before the valve is moved
to open position.
Subclass:
325
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Devices in
which the valve allows flow of fluids in one direction, but
closes upon the reversing of flow in the opposite direction
(check valve type).
Subclass:
326
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Devices in
which a part of the valve comprises a flexible valve
element.
Subclass:
327
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Devices
comprising annular or blunt nosed means (usually known as
casing shoes) at the end of a well conduit for facilitating
its entrance into the well combined with a valve which is
opened by fluid pressure acting directly on it and which
returns to its original position when the pressure is
removed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for a shoe with a check valve attached to a casing or
strainer section having a packer, and detachably connected to
a setting string.
157 for a shoe with check valve attached to a screen for
washing the screen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 515, for check valves in
couplings joining sections of a well conduit. These devices,
usually known as float collars, are often very similar in
structure to the float plugs or cement shoes of this subclass
(327) of Class 166.
Subclass:
328
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Devices
wherein the valve comprises a loose ball that closes the
valve opening to prevent reverse flow.
Subclass:
329
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Devices
wherein the valve element comprises a ball that allows full
flow in one direction and limited flow in the opposite
direction, and closes when the flow in the opposite direction
becomes excessive.
Subclass:
330
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Devices where
the valve operator is rotated to open or close the valve.
Subclass:
331
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Devices
comprising a lug on one part and a branched slot on the other
part, and rotation of the operator moves the lug to a
position whereby the valve is or can be operated.
Subclass:
332.1
Longitudinally movable operator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Valve, closure
or changeable restrictor comprising an axially shiftable
element operated from the surface of the well to control
movement of a flow regulating device.
(1) Note. Fluid operated valves are not classifiable here,
they belong in subclasses 319+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66.7 for electric longitudinal movable operator.
Subclass:
332.2
Having rotational movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332.1.
Longitudinally moveable operator wherein the axial shifting
of the operator causes the flow regulating device to turn.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
330 for rotated operators wherein the operator extends to
the surface and is rotated from the surface.
Subclass:
332.3
Ball valve type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332.2. Devices
wherein the flow regulating device is a spherical member with
at least one passage.
Subclass:
332.4
Operated by means inserted from the surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332.1.
Longitudinally moveable operator wherein a tool is inserted
into the well from the wellhead to actuate the flow
regulating device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332.2 for a rotatable valve which could be operated by a
tool inserted from the surface.
Subclass:
332.5
Valving means inserted or retrieved to operate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332.1.
Longitudinally moveable operator wherein the flow regulating
device is placed in the well or removed from the well to
control fluid flow.
Subclass:
332.6
Having a dump or discharge type means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332.1.
Longitudinally moveable operator wherein the flow regulating
member includes a passage to allow excess fluid to escape.
Subclass:
332.7
Having equalizing valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332.1.
Longitudinally moveable operator including a flow regulating
portion that allows pressure inside the tool to be the same
as pressure outside the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for a fluid operated valve with fluid pressure
equalizing means.
Subclass:
332.8
Flapper Type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332.1.
Longitudinally moveable operator wherein the flow regulating
device comprises a hinged plate allowing flow in one
direction.
Subclass:
333.1
Contact with bore bottom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332.1.
Longitudinally movable operator valve comprising means which
operate the flow regulating device upon impact with the
deepest point in the well.
Subclass:
334.1
Vertical movement of conduit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332.1.
Longitudinally movable operator valve comprising a flow
regulating device which is actuated by axial shifting of the
pipe or tubing string on which the device is supported.
Subclass:
334.2
With rotational movement, e.g., ball valve type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334.1. Vertical
movement of conduit which causes the flow regulating device,
or member, to turn.
Subclass:
334.3
Drain type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334.1. Vertical
movement of conduit wherein the flow regulating device allows
excess fluid to escape.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332.8 for drain valves operated by longitudinal movement.
Subclass:
334.4
Fluid flow through lateral port to exterior:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334.1. Vertical
movement of conduit wherein the shifting controls gas or
liquid movement via a nipple in the pipe wall.
Subclass:
335
SUBMERGED WELL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Process, apparatus, or device including a step of, or means
for, assembling the components of a well or including the
component parts of such a well, the discharge surface of
which well is located below the surface of a body of water.
(1) Note. The well of this subclass is located below the
surface of an ocean, a lake, a river, etc.
(2) Note. For inclusion in this subclass characteristics
must be claimed to peculiarly limit the process, apparatus,
or device to function with or as a well, the surface of which
is below the surface of a body of water.
(3) Note. In this and the indented subclasses the terms at
the end of this subclass definition will be used as defined
herein (terms followed by an asterisk (*) have been so
defined).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
75.11 for above ground apparatus generally, including a
wellhead structure. A wellhead structure disclosed as being
under water but not claimed is made to a feature peculiarly
adapting the device to function under water is to be found in
subclasses 75.1+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, 307 for apparatus adapted to dredge material
from a submerged location.
114, Ships, for a floating vessel generally including a
floating vessel which may be utilized in construction of a
submerged well.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 5 for a process of, or
apparatus for, boring a submerged formation.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, for
mining or disintegrating hard material in a submerged
location.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, for subject matter not
including well structure directed to apparatus adapted to
function in a submerged location, particularly 158 for a
process of, or apparatus for, laying pipe or cable into a
submerged location; and subclasses 195+ for floatable marine
floor-supported structure including a submerged well
platform.
FLOW LINE:
A tubular member adapted to transmit well fluid* away from
the well.
RISER:
Structure for use with a submerged well intended to extend
from the wellhead* toward the surface of the water generally
directly above the wellhead.
WELL ELEMENT:
Any individual portion of well structure.
WELL FLUID:
The desired fluid material of the earth. The purpose of the
well is to remove this fluid.
WELLHEAD:
Means at the top of the well, generally extending above the
surface of the earth, adapted to cap the well, support the
well structure* inside a well casing, regulate the operation
of the well, and/or supply well fluid* for distribution.
WELL STRUCTURE:
Equipment added to the earth in the formation or use of a
well. Well structure may extend above the surface of the
earth (see wellhead*) as well as laterally away from the well
(see flow line*).
Subclass:
336
Testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Process,
apparatus, or device including means for determining the
characteristics of the well structure.
Subclass:
337
For leak:
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Process,
apparatus, or device including means for determining if the
structure of the well is sufficiently tight to hold fluid
therein.
Subclass:
338
Connection or disconnection of submerged members remotely
controlled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Process,
apparatus, or device including an actuatable tool or well
element functioning to secure together or release two well
elements, with means above the water surface to actuate the
tool or well element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, for a pipe joint adapted to be
operated from a remote location, and particularly 18 for a
pipe joint or coupling with an assembly means or feature.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 169 for assembling
conduit underwater to a fixed structure wherein the fixed
structure is not limited to be a well; subclasses 190+ for
diving combined with remote control of the diving apparatus.
901, Robots, appropriate subcollections for robots adapted to
work in an under water environment.
Subclass:
339
With provision for removal or repositioning of member without
removal of other well structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Process,
apparatus, or device including a well peculiarly designed to
enable detachment of a well element without corresponding
disturbance of other well structure, or including a step of,
or means for, manipulating such well element.
Subclass:
340
Disconnection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Process,
apparatus, or device including an actuatable tool or well
element functioning to release two previously secured well
elements from each other, with means above the water surface
to actuate the tool or well element.
(1) Note. The device of this subclass may function to both
secure and release two well elements, but it is required that
there be claimed reference to the function of release.
Subclass:
341
With orienting or aligning of member for connection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Process,
apparatus, or device including provision to cause at least
one well element to move about an axis or to be translated to
a different position to properly interfit with another well
element.
Subclass:
342
Including removable, member mounted guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Process,
apparatus, or device including use of means to passively
direct movement of one well element relative to another well
element, which means is adapted to be detachably secured to a
well element when in use.
Subclass:
343
Including means to pull member into position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Process,
apparatus, or device including use of means exerting tensile
force to draw a well element to an operational location with
respect to another well element.
Subclass:
344
Connection to provide fluid flow path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Process,
apparatus, or device including securing of a well element of
the type that is to provide as a passage of liquid or gaseous
flowable material.
Subclass:
345
Connection of riser-and-tubing assembly to other structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Process,
apparatus, or device wherein the well element comprises a
grouping of tubular components extending upwardly from the
wellhead to the surface of the water, one of the components
intended to convey well fluid to the surface of the water.
Subclass:
346
Yieldable tubing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Process,
apparatus, or device wherein the well element includes a
passage that is intended to change shape.
(1) Note. Included herein is a tube intended to flex within
its elastic limit, as well as a tube intended to yield beyond
its elastic limit.
Subclass:
347
Connection of lateral flow line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Process,
apparatus, or device wherein the well element is a tubular
member adapted to serve as a passage for well fluid from the
well across the surface of the earth and away from the well.
Subclass:
348
Connection of pipe hanging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Process,
apparatus, or device wherein the connection made is intended
to support the weight of tubing suspended therefrom and
extending down into the well.
Subclass:
349
Connection of guide means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Process,
apparatus, or device wherein the well element is a member
adapted to extend from the surface of the water to the
surface of the earth in the vicinity of the well and is
intended to serve to passively direct another well element to
move therealong and down the well.
Subclass:
350
Submerged, buoyant wellhead or riser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Process,
apparatus, or device involving use of a device at the top of
the well, positioned above the surface of the earth, adapted
to cap the well, support the structure inside a well casing,
regulate the operation of the well, and/or supply well fluid
for distribution; or involving use of a device extending
upwardly from the plane where the well meets the surface of
the earth toward the surface of the water for fluid
communication with the surface of the water, which device
includes portions lighter than the water displaced thereby to
assist in supporting the adjacent well structure against
gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
367 for a riser, generally, for use beneath the surface of a
body of water.
368 for a wellhead, generally, for use beneath the surface
of a body of water.
Subclass:
351
Means removably connected to permanent well structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Process or
apparatus intended to be used in the operation or formation
of a well and intended to be removable from the well without
destruction of the well.
(1) Note. A derrick including structure of this class will
be found in this subclass or the subclasses indented
hereunder even if there is no specific disclosure of
subsequent removal from the well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
358 for well drilling combined with derrick structure in a
device of this subclass.
Subclass:
352
Surface vessel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Process or
apparatus including structure adapted to buoyantly rest upon
the surface of the water above the well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
358 for well drilling including floating of a buoyant
derrick to the well site.
Subclass:
353
Having means to move vessel to precise location:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Process or
apparatus including provision to cause the buoyant structure
to be displaced from a remote position to a more exact
position to be suitable for use with a well.
Subclass:
354
Having means to hold vessel at given location (e.g., anchor,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Process or
apparatus including provision to cause the buoyant means not
to move once in position over the well.
Subclass:
355
With means to compensate for vessel movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Process or
apparatus including provision to accommodate for the relative
movement between the buoyant means resting on the surface of
the water and the well.
(1) Note. Included herein is provision to allow for
relative movement brought about by wave or tide action on the
vessel.
Subclass:
356
Means to provide protective environment for operative access
below surface of water:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Process or
apparatus including provision of a means to isolate a man
from hostile conditions, which means is located beneath the
surface of the water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 185 for diving under
water to a well where no well or well manipulation is
claimed.
Subclass:
357
Separator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Process or
apparatus including means to isolate one portion of the well
fluid from another or including means to isolate the well
fluid from foreign material.
Subclass:
358
Drilling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Process or
apparatus including means for forming a passageway.
Subclass:
359
Removable riser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Process or
apparatus wherein the structure intended to be removed from
the well is generally rigid, generally fixed structure
extending from the well upwardly for fluid communication with
the surface of the water.
(1) Note. A flow line extending laterally away from the
well is not considered to be a riser even though eventually
extending upwardly to the surface of the water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
367 for a riser that is a portion of a fixed structure of a
well.
Subclass:
360
Well component assembly means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Process or
apparatus comprising bringing together a pair of well
elements or including securing together a pair of well
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 700 for assembly means, generally.
Subclass:
361
Pipe cutting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Process or
apparatus including means to subdivide one portion of the
well tubing from another portion.
Subclass:
363
With safety or emergency shutoff:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Device
combined with means to terminate the flow of well fluid under
conditions that would otherwise endanger the well or
environment (including personnel) or other extreme
conditions.
Subclass:
364
Including disaster feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Device wherein
the well structure is provided with means allowing damaging
conditions to occur without total loss of the well.
Subclass:
365
With provision for disassembly:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Device wherein
intentional provisions in the well structure allow the
portions of the well to be separated one from the other.
Subclass:
366
Multiple wells:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Device
including more than one well.
Subclass:
367
Riser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Device
comprising means extending from the plane where the well
meets the surface of the earth upwardly toward the surface of
the water for fluid communication with the surface of the
water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
350 for a riser for use beneath the surface of a body of
water, which riser is buoyantly supported above the surface
of the earth.
Subclass:
368
Wellhead:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Device
comprising means at the top of the well, generally extending
above the surface of the earth, adapted to cap the well,
support the well structure inside a well casing, regulate the
operation of the well, and/or supply well fluid for
distribution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
350 for a wellhead for use beneath the surface of a body of
water, which wellhead is buoyantly supported above the
surface of the earth.
Subclass:
369
Producing the well:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. Process
which includes a significant manipulative step of recovering
fluid from the earth.
(1) Note. The mere placing of a control device or removing
an obstruction is not enough for classification in this
subclass. Also the mere broad recitation in a claim that a
well is flowed or produced is not enough. Some detail of the
flowing steps must be set forth. Processes with a mere broad
recitation that a well is flowed or produced are classified
on some other basis. Subject matter found in any subclass of
this class may have a disclosure of producing the well.
Cross-references should be made with restraint, therefore.
The subclasses noted below are considered especially
pertinent to producing processes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for a process of producing a well involving the use of
nuclear energy or radioactivity.
249 for a process of producing a well involving vibrating
the earth or material in the earth.
263 for cyclic operation of plural wells.
264 for a process of producing a well merely to take a
sample of fluid.
265 for a process of producing a well comprising separating
material leaving a well.
302 for a process of producing a well involving heating or
cooling.
305 and especially subclass 306, for a process of producing
a well involving placing a fluid into or fracturing a
formation.
311 for a process of cleaning or unloading the well.
313 for a process of producing a parallel, nonconcentric
string or multiple completion well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 1 for processes of controlling fluid
flow of general application. Sole disclosure or claiming of
use in a well causes classification in Class 166.
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for methods of and
apparatus for recovering earth fluids involving only
pumping.
Subclass:
370
Including varying downhole pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Process
including a significant step of changing the below ground
pressure by either (a) varying the pressure in the central
conduit or pump inlet, as by a vacuum pump, or (b) varying
formation pressure in a geopressurized zone so that
recoverable gas is evolved from the formation fluid.
(1) Note. Inasmuch as any process for reproducing fluid
from a formation will in all likelihood cause incidental
changes in below ground pressure, the broad recitation of
producing the formation or of pumping it is, in itself, not
sufficient for classification in this subclass.
Subclass:
371
Including nonexplosive material placed in well:
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Process
including a step of introducing into the well a material
which acts in a manner other than to physically force the
well fluid toward the surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 for a process of producing a well involving the use of
microorganisms.
279 for a process of producing a well comprising contacting
the fluid to be produced by a treating material in the pores
of a formation.
310 for a process of producing a well comprising entraining
or incorporating a treating material in the flowing earth
fluid in a well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
200 for processes involving no significant manipulative
steps or relationship with the well and consisting only of
placing a treating material in a well. Example of broadly
recited steps which are not considered significantly
manipulative are: using pressure, introducing one material
after another, introducing materials through separate
conduits, producing the well, removing spent material,
introducing material at the bottom of the well, or below
paraffin deposits, contacting well fluids with an introduced
material during pumping producing or blowing the well.
Examples of processes classifiable in Class 166 rather than
Class 507 are; a process in which materials are introduced
into a well to react with each other (including a process in
which one material reacts with the product of the reaction
between another material and a material found in the well), a
process in which a material is introduced in a special
location, as between the casing and tubing, or a process in
which a material is inserted into the pores of the earth.
Subclass:
372
By fluid lift:
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Process
wherein a motive fluid is used to expel the well fluid from
the well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for a process of producing a well comprising in situ
combustion.
268 for a process of producing a well by forcing fluid into
an adjacent well.
309 for a process including a step of producing a foam or
gas in the well by a foam or gas making material.
Subclass:
373
Operating a valve, closure, or changeable restrictor in a
well:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Process for
operating a fluid flow regulating device located in the
well.
(1) Note. The mere step of positioning or landing a valve
in a well without a significant operating step is not
sufficient for inclusion in this subclass. Likewise, the
mere step of placing or removing a plug in a well for
stopping or allowing flow is classified in subclass 286.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
316 for a valve, closure, or changeable restrictor.
386 for a method of positioning a valve in a well, where no
significant operation step is claimed, or a method of
positioning or removing a plug from a well.
Subclass:
374
Operated by fluid pressure controlled above ground:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Process
wherein the flow regulating device is operated by a fluid
pressure change which is initiated by an above ground
operator.
(1) Note. The fluid pressure change is typically
communicated to the flow controller by the conduit which the
valve controls.
(2) Note. Changing the production flow to cause a change in
pressure is subject matter in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for an above ground actuating means for a below ground
device.
Subclass:
375
By auxiliary fluid control line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Process
wherein the fluid pressure change which is initiated by an
above ground operator is communicated to the flow regulating
device by a conduit used exclusively for that purpose.
Subclass:
376
Destroying or dissolving well part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. Process
including a step of intentionally ruining or disintegrating
an element of the well or a portion thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
297 for a process of perforating, weakening, bending, or
separating a pipe at an unprepared point.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 426.4 for residual methods for
disassembly by alteration or destruction of a work part.
Subclass:
377
Disassembling well part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. Process
including a step of disconnecting, disassociating, or
otherwise removing one or more elements of a well in a final
relationship of elements.
(1) Note. The above definition excludes removal of a part
in an unintended or unexpected association with another
(e.g., a part which accidentally drops and becomes lodged in
a well).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77.51 for above ground means facilitating the disconnection
of tubing or rod sections.
88.1 for above ground disassembly means (e.g., handling,
guiding, or tool feature).
301 for a process of freeing a stuck object by grappling or
fishing in the well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 426.1 for the residual locus of
disassembly methods.
Subclass:
378
Assembly well parts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. Process
including a step of securing together two elements of a
well.
(1) Note. The mere actuation or expansion of an anchor or
hanger into engagement with a casing or borehole is not
considered assembly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85.1 for above ground assembly means (e.g., handling,
guiding, or tool feature).
313 for a process for assembling or otherwise handling or
manipulating well elements of a parallel, nonconcentric
string or multiple completion well.
382 for a method of placing or shifting a well part.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 428 for the residual locus of assembly
methods.
137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 15.01-15.26 for a process
of cleaning, repairing, or assembling.
Subclass:
379
Above ground parts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Process
wherein the two elements, once secured, are employed at or
above ground level.
(1) Note. For purpose of this subclass, ground level is
either (a) the level at which a person may work outside the
casing of the well, this working space being provided either
in the open or by a cellar or tunnel, or (b) the level at
which a laterally running pipeline for discharging well fluid
from or inserting treating fluid into the well is connected
to the well casing.
(2) Note. The definition is considered to include also
those means adjacent the defined level though actually below
it.
Subclass:
380
Conduit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Process
wherein at least one of the elements is a well conduit or
portion thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77.51 for above ground means facilitating the connection of
tubing or rod sections.
Subclass:
381
Placing or shifting well part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244.1. Process
including a step of putting an element of a well in a
particular place or moving an element to or from a position
of use.
(1) Note. Movement of an actuator, or handle therefor, is
insufficient to cause classification in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for apparatus with above ground casing sinking means and
a below ground feature.
117.5 for a means for guiding an insertable element
laterally of the well axis (e.g., a whipstock, or side pocket
mandrel).
264 for a process of placing in position of use an apparatus
(e.g., a tubing and a packer, etc.) for taking a sample of
well fluid.
276 for a process of providing a porous cementitious
filter.
277 for repairing an object in the well including expanding
a section of pipe to repair another pipe.
278 for a graveling or filter forming process.
313 for a process of assembling or otherwise handling or
manipulating well elements of a parallel, nonconcentric
string or multiple completion well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 133 for a
method of placing or shifting parts (e.g., lining) in an
underground vertical shaft.
Subclass:
382
Providing support for well part (e.g., hanger or anchor):
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Process
including a significant manipulative step of furnishing
support for a well part.
(1) Note. The step of actuating a hanger or anchor to fix
the same inside a well is sufficient to cause classification
in this subclass.
(2) Note. Landing a well tool on a prepared set is subject
matter for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207 for an expansible casing section.
Subclass:
383
By fluid driven piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Process
wherein a translating member driven by fluid pressure is
employed to put into place or move a well part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for the piston apparatus, per se.
Subclass:
384
With bending of tubing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Process
including a step of deforming a conduit or portion thereof
while placing it in a well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77.1 for apparatus which force tubing or cable into an
existing well.
Subclass:
385
Flexible cable or wire:
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Process
including a step of inserting or moving a strand of flaccid
material, or for placing or shifting a well part using a
strand of flaccid material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77.1 for above ground apparatus for forcing a tubing or
cable into an existing well.
Subclass:
386
Fluid flow control member (e.g., plug or valve):
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Process
wherein the element comprises a device for regulating or
obstructing fluid flow in the central conduit or tubing of
the well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for detachable setting means for a packer or plug with
an expanding anchor.
181 for a detachable setting means for a packer or plug.
373 for a process of operating a valve, closure or
changeable restrictor in a well.
Subclass:
387
With sealing feature (e.g., packer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Process
wherein the element comprises means to block the passage of
material into or out of a particular area.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for a packer or plug with an expanding anchor.
179 for a packer or plug.
284 for a process for blocking a perforation already in a
member in a well by a pellet.
Subclass:
400
Sequentially injected separate fluids (e.g., slugs):
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. A process in
distinct, separate wells in which gas or liquid quantities
are introduced into the pores of the earth through an input
well or wells, the quantities being separately identifiable
at the point of introduction into the earth, each fluid
quantity consisting of a solution, mixture, compound, or
element.
(1) Note. The separate identity of the fluid quantities is
established by introduction into the earth at different time
intervals or in spaced locations. A single fluid quantity may
be one whose composition gradually changes in proportions so
that there is no distinct break in the time-composition
curve. Any distinct break in such a curve is considered to
result in separately identifiable quantities. A broad
reference to introduction from a plurality of wells or
introduction from a single group of perforations is not
enough to qualify a quantity as introduced from "spaced
locations."
(2) Note. One of the fluid quantities may be a final
displacing or driving fluid. The injection of such a fluid is
sometimes indicated only by a phrase such as, "driving (the
previously placed fluid) toward the output well." The meaning
of such a phrase should be construed in the light of the
specification. If the specification indicates that the drive
is accomplished by a separately identifiable displacing
fluid, then the displacing fluid is one of the fluid
quantities. If the specification indicates that the drive is
merely the continued introduction of a previous fluid or pump
pressure, then the drive fluid is not a separately
identifiable fluid quantity.
(3) Note. A single compound forming part of a mixture is not
a fluid quantity under this definition. Thus, a mixture of
three compounds is a single fluid quantity rather than three
fluid quantities.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
260 for a process involving in situ combustion and injecting
specific fuel or catalyst for burning into formation.
261 for a process involving injecting specific material
other than oxygen into formation.
269 for processes involving input and output wells and fluid
introduced into the formation from vertically spaced
locations in an input well.
270 for a process involving input and output wells including
selective plugging or a surfactant.
271 for processes involving input and output wells and a
separate fluid for fracturing or attacking the formation.
Subclass:
401
Injecting a gas or gas mixture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Sequentially
injected fluid in which a drive or flooding substance is
compressible, has low cohesive force, and has a viscosity
that increases as temperature increases.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass would be air, nitrogen,
hydrocarbon gas, flue gas, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
309 for a process producing foam or gas in a well by a
material.
Subclass:
402
CO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] or carbonated gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Injected gas
in which (a) carbon dioxide or (b) a salt or ester of
carbonic acid in the vapor phase is inserted.
Subclass:
403
In combination with additional organic material (e.g.,
alkyls, carbon chains):
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Injecting
CO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] or carbonated gas including more
carbon based substances such as (a) a univalent aliphatic,
aromatic-aliphatic, or alicyclic hydrocarbon radical or (b)
the element carbon in a chemical string.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
901
WELL IN FROZEN TERRAIN (E.G., PERMAFROST):
Subject matter specialized to well operations in locations
where the temperature of the soil is below the freezing point
of water.
Subclass:
902
FOR INHIBITING CORROSION OR COATING:
Subject matter specialized to preventing or alleviating the
effects of either (a) corrosion or (b) formation of a coating
material on well equipment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170 for brushing, scraping, cutting or punching type well
cleaners.
304 for dissolving or preventing formation of a solid oil
deposit.
311 for cleaning or unloading well.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000