U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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Classification Index
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(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 124
MECHANICAL GUNS AND PROJECTORS
Class Definition:
This class includes the various forms of projectile-throwing
or impelling apparatus in which the propelling agent is
nonexplosive. The apparatus must carry or hold the projectile
so that it may be used for aerial projection. This class also
includes devices which actually expel the projectile, but
have the projectile tethered to the projector to prevent loss
of the projectile; and some devices having the structure of
projectors, but having means at the end of a barrel to
prevent actual expulsion of the projectile.
The Search notes below reference one of the following three
subject matter areas :
(1) PROJECTORS
(2) TARGETS
(3) PROJECTILES
The specific subject matter area is noted parenthetically at
the end of each search note.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 1.1 for means for making metal
projectors.(Projectiles)
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclasses 233+ for gun
sights. (Projectiles)
42, Firearms, for projecting devices using explosive charges
to provide the projecting force. (Projectors)
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, subclass 135
for a combination with the swatting element for swatting
insects, in which a swatting element is projected by spring
means. (Projectors)
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, subclass 6, for
harpoons and spears. (Projectiles)
89, Ordnance, for projecting devices using explosive charges
to provide the projecting force. (Projectors)
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclasses 501+ for a
projectile explosively fired from a gun; and particularly
subclass 529 for a gun barrel cleaning projectile.
(Projectiles)
114, Ships, subclasses 238+ for launching devices for
self-propelled torpedoes. (Projectors)
119, Animal Husbandry, subclass 427 for devices for holding
and releasing live objects to be used as targets. (Targets)
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for a
means for driving or impacting a tool or the like, and
particularly subclasses 90+ and see the search notes
therein for an impacting device. (Projectors)
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclass
for a projectile for boring or penetrating the earth, which
may be combined with a projector therefor. (Projectiles)
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass
642 for devices and methods of throwing and projecting
articles through space and for separately collecting the
articles which take different paths. (Projectors)
221, Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for article
dispensers not otherwise provided for, and see particularly
subclasses 208+ for article dispensers having a source of
supply and a discharge assistant means to remove articles
therefrom, and subclass 24 for article dispensers in forms
simulating objects, including firearms. (Projectors)
222, Dispensing, subclass 79 for devices simulating firearms
or other projectors which project a stream of liquid.
(Projectors)
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclass
5, 39+, 274, and 275 for devices for projecting material to
effect the comminution thereof. (Projectors)
244, Aeronautics, subclass 63 for aircraft launching
devices. (Projectors)
258, Railway Mail Delivery, subclasses 5+ for devices
combined with a vehicle or devices peculiarly adapted for
throwing or projecting a mailbag or the like to or from a
moving vehicle. (Projectors)
273, Amusement Devices: Games, subclasses 108+ for an
implement or device (either, per se, or in combination with
other game apparatus) for projecting a game projectile during
play of a surface projectile game so that it travels upon a
surface at all times in its course of travel, and subclasses
317+ for an implement or device combined with other game
apparatus for projecting a game projectile into the air
during play of an aerial projectile game. (Projectors)
273, Amusement Devices: Games, subclasses 108+ for a target
(either per se or combined with any other game apparatus)
which is used to play a surface projectile game and
subclasses 317+ (either per se or combined with any other
game apparatus) which is used to play an aerial projectile
game. (Targets)
273, Amusement Devices: Games, subclasses 108+ for a game
projectile combined with any other game apparatus for playing
a surface projectile game, subclasses 317+ for a game
projectile combined with any other game apparatus for playing
an aerial projectile game, and particularly subclasses 362+
thereunder for a target which also acts as a projectile by
virtue of its being projected into the air (e.g., a clay
pigeon which is projected into the air by a target-throwing
trap). (Projectiles)
362, Illumination, subclass 112 for light projectors
combined with or simulating firearms. (Projectors)
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, for a toy combined with a with
a projector, particularly subclass 11 for a toy money box;
subclass 45 for an autogyro; subclasses 63+ for a glider;
subclass 308 for a figure toy; subclass 399 for a detonating
projector and subclasses 429+ for a toy vehicle launcher.
(Projectors)
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, for a device or
implement for impelling, launching, or otherwise projecting a
game projectile in which the following applies: (Projectors)
Any projector device or implement which is combined with any
other game device or apparatus so as to constitute a game or
sport.
(b) A striking type of projector device or implement, per se,
which is used for a game or sporting purpose (such as a club,
bat, racket, paddle, mallet, stick, etc.) and which is
carried by (e.g., handheld) and manually manipulated by a
user to strike and thereby project a game projectile such
that substantially all of the force used to project the
projectile is supplied by the user.
(c) A combined projector-catcher device, per se, which is
used for a game or sporting purpose to fling or throw a
projectile into the air, and to also catch a game projectile
already moving through the air after it has been projected.
(d) Any projector device or implement, per se (other than one
which is operated by explosive means) which is used for a
game or sporting purpose and which is specifically adapted
and intended to project a game projectile so that it travels
upon a playing surface substantially at all times (i.e., the
projectile is in contact with and moving over the playing
surface either upon or immediately after projection).
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, for a target (either
per se or combined with any other game apparatus) which is
used to play a game which uses a tangible projectile.
(Targets)
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, for a tangible game
projectile (either per se or combined with any other game
apparatus) used in the play of a game or sport.
(Projectiles)
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process,
subclasses 150+ for high temperature (T[subscrpt]c[end
subscrpt] greater than 30 K) superconducting systems or
devices, particularly subclass 164 for projectile or
launching device or system. (Projectors)
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process,
subclasses 150+ for high temperature (T[subscrpt]c[end
subscrpt] greater than 30 K) superconducting systems or
devices, particularly subclass 164 for projectile or
launching device or system. (Targets)
D22, Arms, Pyrotechnics, Hunting and Fishing Equipment,
subclasses 103+ for ornamental designs for firearms.
(Projectors)
D22, Arms, Pyrotechnics, Hunting and Fishing Equipment,
subclasses 113+ for designs for targets. (Targets)
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
not classifiable above.
(1) Note. This subclass includes means for imparting rapid
rotation to a propellor-like object which propels itself
through the air because of its shape and rotation, or a
device wherein gravity or a weight facilitates the launching
of a missile.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices
having combined therewith means for exploding a cap or other
explosive noise making device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
42, Firearms, subclasses 54+ for devices made to imitate
firearms which explode a cap, but do not expel a projectile.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclasses 397+ for a device
which explodes a cap, but does not simulate a firearm;
especially subclass 399 for a device in which the explosion
of a cop projects an element for the detonator.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices
for projecting missiles through the air by means of
electromagnetic impulses applied to the projectile during its
progress through the barrel of the projecting device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for apparatus wherein an electrically- actuated striker
causes a projectile to be impelled.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses 12+
for linear electric motors, per se, though disclosed for
electromagnetic guns.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 38 for
plural linear movement electric motor systems and subclass
135 for linear movement electric motor systems.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices
for projecting missiles through the air by means of a
centrifugal or swinging movement, as distinguished from a
straight line impulsion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 7,
650+, appropriate subclasses, 214+ and 380+ for methods and
apparatus for scattering fluent material by centrifugal
force.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclass
275, for comminutors embodying centrifugal projecting means
for the material.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Devices, which
are held in the hand and caused to throw a missile by a
swinging movement of the human arm. They may be assisted by a
spring or flexible element in the throwing device but this
must merely add to the effect of the throwing action of the
human arm.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 7+ for devices wherein the spring is the primary
projecting means, even though the device is held in the
hand.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclasses 358+ for
pyrotechnic devices combined with throwing devices, and
subclass 486 for grenades combined with a handle, hand-grip
or strand to assist throwing.
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, subclasses 505+ for a
player held or attached implement for both projecting (often
by a centrifugal flinging movement of a player's arm) a
projectile into the air and catching a projectile already
moving through the air (e.g., a lacrosse stick, etc.), and
subclass 615 for a player held or worn means for enhancing
subsequent movement of a projectile that is thrown or
otherwise projected by the player (e.g., a handheld or
handworn means to assist a player to pitch a baseball that
will have an enhanced curve during flight thereof, etc.).
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Devices, in which
the throwing movement is produced by mechanical means.
Includes devices for mechanically pitching a baseball.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, subclass 421 for a
batting backstop or cage (used in a playing field or court
game or used to practice or train therefor) which may be
combined with a projector which uses a centrifugal throwing
movement to mechanically pitch a ball, and subclasses 422+
for a device (used to practice or train for the playing of a
playing field or court game) which may be combined with a
projector which uses a centrifugal throwing movement to
mechanically pitch a ball.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices in which
the mechanical throwing device is actuated by a spring.
Includes devices for mechanically pitching a baseball.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclasses 72+ for closing
devices using springs of a similar nature.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Devices in which
a mechanical throwing arm is rotated about a vertical axis by
means of a spring, usually clay target throwing devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 for the clips or holders for clay targets on the throwing
arm.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, subclasses 362+ for the clay
targets, per se.
D22, Arms, Pyrotechnics, Hunting and Fishing Equipment,
subclasses 113+ for designs for targets.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Devices, in which
the angle at which the projectile is thrown is varied
automatically, usually for the purpose of introducing an
element of uncertainty.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices
in which a pinching or squeezing force is applied, usually to
curved surfaces of a projectile.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices
in which the impelling force is the action of a spring
applied either directly or through a plunger or similar means
to the projectile. Includes devices impelled by a spring for
sliding projectiles off a smooth plate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 66+ for projecting devices in which a spring
drives a plunger which creates a quantity of compressed air,
in which the air is the impelling agent for the projectile.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, especially subclass 69, 70, and 71 for
spring devices of general application.
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Devices in which
the impelling spring is a band or strip of elastic material,
usually rubber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35 for trigger and releasing mechanism for this type of
projector in which the elastic band drives the projectile
directly.
subclasses 37+ for devices in which the elastic band drives
a plunger which in turn drives the projectile.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Devices, in
which the elastic propelling spring is also itself the
projectile.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Devices, having
provision for releasing a plurality of self-projected elastic
bands in succession.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for a repeating projector using fluid pressure.
Subclass:
20.1
Having handle (e.g., crotch type slingshot):
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Device including
an elastic projector attached to the end of an extension from
a handle and so arranged as to be capable of propelling a
projectile through space.
(1) Note. This subclass also includes handles having
multiple elastic projects which are separately attached to
ends of a bifurcated extension, e.g., a common slingshot.
Subclass:
20.2
Magazine handle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Device in
which the portion of the device adapted for being grasped has
means for storing additional projectiles.
Subclass:
20.3
Arrow or dart projector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Handle having
an elastic band specifically adapted to project an elongated
member having a tipped end and a fletched end adapted for
stabilizing its flight.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Devices, in
which the starting path of the missile is directed through a
tubular barrel or along a grooved track or the equivalent
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 26+ for similar devices using springs other than
elastic bands as the projecting force.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Devices, in
which the structure is peculiarly adapted to the projection
by elastic bands of long-shafted projectiles, such as darts
or arrows.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.1 for bows and the like.
subclasses 26+ for projectors similar to those in this
subclass, but using springs other than elastic bands.
Subclass:
23.1
Bow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Device in which
the straightening of a bowed elongated spring provides the
projecting force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35.1 for a trigger or releasiong mechanism for a bowstring.
subclasses 86+ for an archery projector element.
Subclass:
24.1
Having projectile guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. Device, having
some means for directing the initial path of a projectile
along a desired trajectory.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
22 for similar devices using the contracting force of an
elastic member as the propelling force for a dart or arrow.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Devices, in
which the guide for the projectile is an elongated member at
right angles to the bow spring. These are the devices
commonly known as crossbows.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 21+ for similar devices, having two rigid cross
arms, with the propelling force provided by elastic bands.
26 for similar devices in which the propelling force is
provided by other types of springs.
Subclass:
25.5
Having projectile supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. A bow having a
projectile guide, having support means for holding one or
more quarrels in ready reserve, e.g., a quiver.
(1) Note. The quarrels in the ready reserve are in addition
to and separate from any such projectile being held in or on
the bow in a state of readiness.
(2) Note. The term quarrel, as used herein, includes, but is
not limited to including such terms as bolt, shaft, arrow,
and dart.
Subclass:
25.6
Compound bow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. Apparatus in
which the bow has either (1) a fixed or variable mechanical
advantage means for decreasing the force required to hold the
bow at full draw, or (2) means for accelerating the
projectile during launch at an increasing rate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
900 for specific pulley structure.
Subclass:
25.7
Having projectile supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. A bow, having
support means for holding one or more arrows in ready
reserve, e.g., a quiver.
(1) Note. The arrows in the ready reserve are in addition to
and separate from any such projectile being held in or on the
bow in a state of readiness.
(2) Note. The term arrow, as used herein, includes, but is
not limited to including such terms as bolt, shaft, quarrel,
and dart.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25.5 for the combination of a projectile guide and a
quiver.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Devices, in
which the starting path of the projectile is directed along a
desired path, usually by means of a tubular barrel or grooved
track or the equivalent thereof. This includes devices in
which the projectile travels along an internal guide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 37+ for the trigger and releasing mechanism for
this type of projector.
subclasses 45+ for the magazine structure for these
projectors.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Devices, having
the appearance of a firearm or piece of ordnance, and having
an actual barrel for guiding the projectile and a trigger for
releasing the projectile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for similar devices, which explode a cap, as well as expel
a projectile.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, subclasses 348+, particularly
subclasses 355+, 357, and 405 for projectors of this type
combined in a shooting gallery, or with target structure.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Devices, in
which an actual firearm or piece of ordnance is converted
into a spring projector by the use of some temporary
converting structure. Includes the converting structure, per
se. In many cases the projecting structure acts only to expel
means to mark a target adjacent the muzzle of the firearm or
piece of ordnance, and the marking device is not intended to
completely leave the projector.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for an adapter for converting a firearm into a
fluid-pressure gun.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
434, Education and Demonstration, subclasses 11+ for
devices for teaching the handling of firearms, in which no
projection of a missile or marking device takes place.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Devices, which
are supported or mounted on some fixed or movable structure,
as distinguished from devices to be carried in the hand or
supported by the human body.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
42, Firearms, subclass 55 for toy cannons, used only for
firing caps, but having similar mounting means.
89, Ordnance, for mounting or supporting means for actual
pieces of ordnance.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Devices for
releasing the force which impels or throws the projectile.
(1) Note. Trigger mechanisms limited to their application to
a specific type of projector have not been cross referenced
here, and should be searched with the type of projector to
which they are limited. For example, trigger mechanism for
air pressure projectors, such as those in this class,
subclasses 11+ consisting usually of valve operating means,
has not been cross referenced here unless obviously capable
of more general application.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 41+ for devices to release the projectile itself
from its holding or carrying means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machines Element or Mechanism, subclass 2, for tripping
mechanism in general.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Devices, in
which some electrical device is used.
(1) Note. For electric firing devices for firearms and
ordnance, see Class 42, Firearms, subclass 84, and Class 89,
Ordnance, subclasses 28.05+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for an electrically actuated valve in a fluid pressure
projector.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Devices, in
which an element of chance is introduced, usually to make the
time at which the release takes place uncertain or
unpredictable.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Devices for
releasing the propelling force from a location remote from
the actual projector.
Subclass:
35.1
Cord or band:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Trigger or
release mechanism, particularly adapted to release a flexible
cord or elastic band from a stressed state to either transfer
or provide the force to impel a projectile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for the release of a series or succession of elastic
bands which propel themselves through the air.
Subclass:
35.2
Bow lock or archery trigger for compound or long bow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.1. Device,
wherein the release means is particularly adapted to be
grasped by an archer and to permit a smooth, controlled,
repeatable mechanized release of the bow string when shooting
an arrow.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Devices for
releasing a swinging arm which throws or impels a
projectile.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Devices and
mechanism, for releasing a plunger which is driven by a
spring or other means to impel a projectile.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Devices in which
the force with which the plunger moves may be varied. For
example, the releasing mechanism may be caused to operate
upon a different point or notch on the plunger.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Devices for
projecting a succession of missiles, as long as the mechanism
is operated or until the supply in the projector is exhaused.
Usually a resetting of the impelling plunger is alternated
with the release.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Devices for
preventing the premature discharge or impelling of the
projectile.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
42, Firearms, subclass 70 for safety locks on firearms.
Subclass:
41.1
Projectile holder or carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Apparatus
specifically adapted for positioning or transporting a
projectile in association with the projector while the
combination is in a ready-to-fire state.
(1) Note. A projectile holder or carrier may also include a
trigger or lock in association therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 25+ for crossbows, per se.
subclasses 31+ for devices for releasing the projecting
force.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Devices,
particularly adapted to hold or carry projectiles of disk
shape.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Devices, where
the projectiles are targets usually of clay or other easily
frangible material. Includes devices to release the
projectile at the desired point.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Devices,
particularly adapted to carry or hold projectiles of shapes
commonly known as boomerangs.
Subclass:
44.5
For a longbow or compound bow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.1. Projectile
holder or carrier, particularly adapted for holding or
positioning the unlocked portion of an elongated projectile
adjacent the projector prior to release of the projectile,
e.g., an arrow rest.
(1) Note. Crossbows are excluded from this subclass.
Subclass:
44.6
Magnetic restraint:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.1. Projectile
holder or carrier, wherein a magnet is used to position or
retain a projectile prior to firing.
Subclass:
44.7
Fluid overcomes restraining force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.1. Projectile
holder or carrier, wherein a pressurized fluid is used to
overpower the positioning or retaining means and thereby fire
the projectile.
(1) Note. The pressurized fluid may be produced by actuating
a plunger or it may be released from a pressure vessel.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Devices for
holding or carrying a supply of projectiles in or on the
projecting devices, usually in such a way that they are fed
automatically into position to be thrown or impelled. The
relation of the magazine structure to such other parts of the
projector as the projectile guiding barrel, may be set forth
provided those other elements are recited or described only
to show the arrangement or relationship of the magazine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
42, Firearms, subclasses 49+ for magazines on firearms.
221, Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for article
dispensing not otherwise provided for, and especially
subclasses 208+ for such dispensers incorporating discharge
assistant means. See the Notes to the definitions of Class
221 for the disposition of other related disclosure.
227, Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, subclasses 107+
for combined apparatus for positioning a member, e.g., a
nail, in alignment with a driver, and for applying such
member to work.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclasses 35+ for
cabinet structure broadly, for holding articles of various
types similar to projectiles.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Devices,
particularly adapted to hold or carry a supply of disk
targets.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Devices, in
which the feeding of the projectiles to the projector takes
place by the action of gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for gravity fed magazines in general.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Devices, in
which the magazine is rotated step by step, supplying a
projectile at each step in its rotation.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Devices, in
which the feeding of the projectiles takes place by the
action of gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for gravity fed magazines particularly adapted for use
with disk targets.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Devices, in
which the continuous feeding of projectiles is prevented by
some means which permits them to pass into position only at a
certain desired period or position of the other parts of the
projector. This cut-off must be something other than the
driving or impelling member of the projector.
Subclass:
51.1
Mechanical projectile feed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter,
in which a projectile is moved from a magazine to the
ready-to-fire position by means of a chute, ramp, conveyor,
linkage, or other mechanical means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
42, Firearms, subclass 49.01 for magazines of similar nature
for use with a firearm.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 51.1. Devices,
operated or driven by a spring.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Devices, in
which the continuous feeding of projectiles is prevented by
some means which permits them to pass into position only at a
certain desired period or position of the other parts of the
projector. This cut-off must be something other than the
driving or impelling member of the projector.
Subclass:
53.5
Fluid projectile feed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51.1. Subject
matter, in which a projectile is moved from a magazine to the
ready-to-fire position by hydraulic or pneumatic means.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein an object or missile is impelled by a
member impacting said object or missile, which member derives
its impacting force by electrical energy applied to said
member.
(1) Note. See the (1) Note under subclass 56 for discussion
of "impel" and "propel".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for apparatus wherein electromagnetic impulses applied to
the projectile itself causes the projectile to be propelled.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein no more than a blast or volume of gaseous
material is impelled, said blast or volume having dimensions
that are small relative to the distance to which the blast is
impelled.
(1) Note. The puff of gas (usually air) acts as a projectile
that impacts against a target that moves to indicate that the
puff has struck its target.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for a projector that, as
claimed in a patent to the projector, impels a burst of
gaseous material or a burst of fluid material that is not
further characterized as being clearly liquid or clearly gas.
For a projector that impels a burst of liquid material, see
the reference to Class 222 below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, subclass 79 for a water gun wherein a blast
of liquid is impelled.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein an object or missile is propelled or
impelled by energy applied thereto, which energy is exerted
by way of a force tending to compress or expand the volume of
a liquid or a gaseous material.
(1) Note. As used in this and the subclasses indented
hereunder (and also in those subclasses of this
Classification Order which refer to this Note for a
discussion of the terms), the terms "propel" and "impel",
have the following meanings and connotations. Both terms have
a similar meaning of causing an object to move rapidly by
exerting a force thereon. However, PROPEL has the connotation
of exerting a sustained force on the object, whereas IMPEL
has the connotation of exerting an impulse of force thereon.
(2) Note. The pressurized fluid generated by the force
described in the definition is usually a gas, such as air.
The force defined may be that which compresses or tends to
compress the fluid at the moment of use, or that which
compresses the fluid for storage and subsequent use when the
user of the apparatus causes a projectile to be launched. The
source of pressurized fluid may also be a cartridge
containing gas under pressure, in which instance the force is
that exerted by the expansion of the gas from a punctured
cartridge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
89, Ordnance, subclass 7 for guns, in which the pressure of
a gas is used to expel the projectile, in which the pressure
is created by the explosion of a charge of vapor or other
explosive mixture.
114, Ships, subclasses 238+ for pneumatic devices for
launching self-propelled marine torpedoes.
227, Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, subclasses 9+ for
a member, e.g., stud, driving device using an explosive
force.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclases for
specific valve structure.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
wherein a missile is caused to move by discharge of fluid
from a pressurized chamber, in which apparatus, either a) the
missile holds the chamber therein for discharge of
pressurized fluid therefrom as the missile is propelled, or
b) the missile is held by the chamber and forms a seal to
hold the pressurized fluid in the chamber until the moment of
discharge, and at discharge the missile is impelled by the
pressurized fluid from the chamber.
(1) Note. See (1) Note of subclass 56 for discussion of
"propel" and "impel".
(2) Note. The chamber of (a) above is not necessarily
separable from the missile, but can comprise a volume
integral with and contained within the missile, which volume
is charged with compressed gas just before the moment that
the missile is launched, after which the discharge of gas
from the missile propels the missile.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
wherein significance is attributed to means whereby the
apparatus may be changed, a) from an apparatus using other
than fluid-pressure energy to an apparatus using
fluid-pressure energy, or b) from an apparatus projecting one
type or size of missile to an apparatus projecting another
type or size of missile.
(1) Note. Apparatus described in (a) above is especially
adapted for converting a firearm structure using explosive
energy into projector structure using fluid-pressure energy.
The claims in patents for such apparatus recite the firearm
in terms of the environment that the adapter is to operate in
rather than in terms of the firearm.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
42, Firearms, appropriate subclasses for a projector using an
explosive charge to provide the projecting force.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
provided with two or more tubes, any of which tubes guides
the launching of a missile while the missile is within the
confines of the apparatus, and provided with means to connect
the same source of pressurized fluid to any or all of the
tubes selectively.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
wherein the energy to impel a missile is applied by removing
from a chamber a quantity of gas, and the missile is
subsequently released to be projected through and out of the
chamber under the urging of ambient gas behind the missile
suddenly filling the chamber.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
provided with a component located between the missile and a
source of pressurized fluid, which component is pushed by the
pressurized fluid into impacting contact with the missile,
thereby to impel the missile.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
wherein the source of pressurized fluid for impelling a
missile is the respiratory system of a person using the
apparatus.
(1) Note. The apparatus is usually a tube that guides a
missile for launching therefrom, into which tube the user
exhales to produce the pressure that impels the missile.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
provided with a component that is carried by the apparatus
and is driven relative to the apparatus by an action of the
user of such apparatus, wherein the driving of said component
pressurizes the fluid that impels a missile.
(1) Note. The user's action may be applied to the
pressurizing component directly to cause a momentary pressure
that is used immediately, or may be applied indirectly by an
intermediate member that transmits the user's force into a
pressurizing force. Moreover, the user's energy may be stored
in a spring member that will subsequently drive the
pressurizing component, or stored in a container of
pressurized fluid.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus
wherein the driving of said component generates a sudden rush
of pressurized fluid that impels the missile as the component
is driven.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus
wherein the component is a piston having a periphery
substantially conforming to the interior surface of a tube,
and the piston reciprocates inside of the tube to pressurize
fluid within the tube.
(1) Note. The cylinder in which pressure is created may be
the barrel that guides the missile to be impelled or may be
an auxiliary cylinder that confines the pressurized fluid for
release into the barrel that guides the missile.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Apparatus
wherein the driving of said piston is caused by a resilient
element.
(1) Note. In this subclass the user's energy is usually
stored in a spring (usually by compressing the spring) which
is subsequently released to drive the piston that pressurizes
the impelling fluid.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Apparatus
wherein the piston reciprocates inside of a first tube and
the missile is impelled from a second tube, and wherein the
inside diametral dimension of said first tube is greater than
the inside diametral dimension of said second tube, and
wherein the tubes are connected for passage of fluid, whereby
pressure generated in said first tube is used to impel the
missile from said second tube.
(1) Note. The first tube is the auxiliary cylinder referred
to in (1) Note of subclass 65.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Apparatus
wherein the action force that drives the piston for
pressurizing the fluid creates a reaction force, which
apparatus is provided with means to consume or compensate for
the reaction force.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus
wherein the driving of said component generates pressurized
fluid that is held in a chamber, which chamber is provided
with means for a) closing the chamber to hold pressurized
fluid therein or b) opening the chamber to permit the
pressurized fluid to be discharged or recharged.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
provided with a chamber for containing the pressurized fluid,
which chamber includes a check valve whereby pressurized
fluid admitted to the chamber, and also includes a control
valve whereby pressurized fluid released from the chamber to
impel a missile.
(1) Note. The term "check valve" refers to a device in a
conduit or passageway for fluid, which device permits the
passage of fluid in one direction of fluid movement through
the device, but does not permit the passage of fluid in the
opposite direction of movement.
(2) Note. The term "control valve" refers to a device in a
conduit or passageway for fluid, which device may be closed
to prevent the passage of fluid therethrough, or may be
opened to a regulated degree to permit the passage of fluid
therethrough to a degree of fluid flow limited only by the
area of the opening.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
provided with means for regulating the release of pressurized
fluid from a chamber that contains said pressurized fluid,
which means is triggered by a user of the apparatus.
(1) Note. In this subclass the apparatus includes a gas
cartridge with pressurized fluid therein, and means for
puncturing the cartridge to release the fluid to impel the
missile.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Apparatus
wherein significance is attributed to a manner of operating
the apparatus such that a single actuation of a control
member causes a plurality of missiles to be launched in quick
sequence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for repeated launching of elastic-band projectiles.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Apparatus
wherein the regulating means is a control valve which may be
opened to release pressurized fluid to impel a missile.
(1) Note. See the (1) Note under subclass 70 for further
discussion of the meaning of "control valve".
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus
wherein a chamber that may be put into and taken out of the
apparatus is the source of pressurized fluid, which apparatus
is provided with a control valve coacting with said chamber
containing pressurized fluid to regulate the release of fluid
from the chamber.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus
wherein the control valve includes a member, which member is
triggered by a user to be moved by pressurized fluid to
regulate release of pressurized fluid to impel a missile.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus
wherein the control valve includes a member, which member is
triggered by a user to be moved by a resilient element to
regulate release of pressurized fluid to impel a missile.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus
wherein the control valve includes a member, which member is
triggered to be moved by electrical energy to regulate
release of pressurized fluid to impel a missile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for an electrically-released trigger device.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with two drums rotating on parallel axes
in opposite rotational directions so that their adjacent
peripheries are moving in the same direction, the drums being
spaced apart so that their adjacent peripheries are separated
by a distance substantially equal to or slightly less than a
cross-sectional dimension of a missile that will pass between
the drums, whereby as the missile passes between the drums in
tangential relation thereto, the missile will be accelerated
by contact with the peripheries of the rotating drums.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with a member for impacting against a
missile when the member is moved, which member is impacted by
a user of the apparatus and transmits the motion of the user
into motion of the member to impact against and impel the
missile.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein significance is attributed to a particular portion of
the structure or operating mechanism of a projectile-throwing
or impelling apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
42, Firearms, appropriate subclasses for elements similar to
those in this group, when used in connection with firearms.
89, Ordnance, appropriate subclasses for elements similar to
those in this group when used in connection with ordnance.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Device which
imparts a rapid rotation to a missile about an axis that is
substantially coincident with the line of movement of the
missile, or which diverts a moving missile from one
trajectory to a different trajectory as it is being impelled
from a projectile-impelling apparatus.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Device which
moves a missile relative to a projector thereof before it is
impelled therefrom, such movement being for the purpose of
locating the missile in proper position to be impelled, or
which removes from a projector the cartridge of a
projectile-carrying cartridge after the launching of a
missile from the cartridge.
(1) Note. The term "projectile-carrying cartridge" is
defined in part (b) of the definition of subclass 57 above.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Device in which
the particular portion is a tube on the projectile-impelling
apparatus, which tube guides a missile during the short time
that the missile is within the apparatus just before it is
fully launched therefrom.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device in which
one tube can be exchanged for another tube, or in which a
tube can be varied in dimension, whereby missiles of varying
dimensions can be launched from a particular
projectile-impelling apparatus, or in which a particular tube
may be mounted on one form of stock (e.g., to simulate a hand
gun) or mounted on another form of stock (e.g., to simulate a
rifle).
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device in which
the tube that guides the missile is enclosed along
substantially its entire length by a second tube spaced
radially from the guiding tube.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Device in which
the particular portion is part of an apparatus wherein a user
impels an arrow from a bow.
(1) Note. For purposes of the subclasses indented hereunder,
a "bow" is defined as a strip of elongated resilient
material, usually curved or bent, having a "string"
connecting the two ends of the strip. In use, the bow is
grasped by a "handle" and a portion of the string is pulled
away from the handle with an arrow between the string and the
handle. A groove or "nock" in the rear end of the arrow is
fitted to the string so that when the string is released
energy which has been stored in the bow by pulling apart is
released and the arrow is impelled.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Device in which
the particular portion is a component that aids a user to
properly aim an arrow towards its target.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 265 for a sighting
means, per se.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Device in which
the particular portion is a bow handle, or a component
fastened thereto.
(1) Note. See (1) Note to subclass 86 for a discussion of
the terms "bow" and "handle" in relation to other archery
terms.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Device in which
the portion or component tends to prevent excess motion of
the bow, especially during launching of an arrow therefrom.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Device in which
the particular portion is a bow string, or a component
fastened thereto.
(1) Note. See (1) Note to subclass 86 for a discussion of
the terms "bow" and "string" in relation to other archery
terms.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Device in which
the portion or component serves to position the nock of an
arrow relative to its correct position on the strings to
properly launch the arrow.
(1) Note. See (1) Note to subclass 86 for a discussion of
the terms "nock" and "string" in relation to other archery
terms.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Device in which
the portion or component tends to reduce the noise that
normally is caused by vibration of a string after release
thereof.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
LIMB TIP ROTATABLE ELEMENT STRUCTURE:
Collection of documents disclosing reels, cams, eccentrics,
pulleys, wheels, etc., which are mounted at or near an
extreme end of a bow stave in such fashion as to be
operatively associated with a means for increasing the
shooter's mechanical advantage, e.g., the pulleys of a
compound bow.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000