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Class 704 | DATA PROCESSING: SPEECH SIGNAL PROCESSING, LINGUISTICS, LANGUAGE TRANSLATION, AND AUDIO COMPRESSION/DECOMPRESSION | |
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1 | LINGUISTICS |
2 | . (1 indent ) Translation machine |
3 | .. (2 indent ) Having particular Input/Output device |
4 | .. (2 indent ) Based on phrase, clause, or idiom |
5 | .. (2 indent ) For partial translation |
6 | .. (2 indent ) Punctuation |
7 | .. (2 indent ) Storage or retrieval of data |
8 | . (1 indent ) Multilingual or national language support |
9 | . (1 indent ) Natural language |
10 | . (1 indent ) Dictionary building, modification, or prioritization |
200 | SPEECH SIGNAL PROCESSING |
200.1 | . (1 indent ) Psychoacoustic |
201 | . (1 indent ) For storage or transmission |
202 | .. (2 indent ) Neural network |
203 | .. (2 indent ) Transformation |
204 | ... (3 indent ) Orthogonal functions |
205 | .. (2 indent ) Frequency |
206 | ... (3 indent ) Specialized information |
207 | .... (4 indent ) Pitch |
208 | ....• (5 indent ) Voiced or unvoiced |
209 | .... (4 indent ) Formant |
210 | .... (4 indent ) Silence decision |
211 | .. (2 indent ) Time |
212 | ... (3 indent ) Pulse code modulation (PCM) |
213 | ... (3 indent ) Zero crossing |
214 | ... (3 indent ) Voiced or unvoiced |
215 | ... (3 indent ) Silence decision |
216 | ... (3 indent ) Correlation function |
217 | .... (4 indent ) Autocorrelation |
218 | .... (4 indent ) Cross-correlation |
219 | .. (2 indent ) Linear prediction |
220 | .. (2 indent ) Analysis by synthesis |
221 | .. (2 indent ) Pattern matching vocoders |
222 | ... (3 indent ) Vector quantization |
223 | ... (3 indent ) Excitation patterns |
224 | .. (2 indent ) Normalizing |
225 | .. (2 indent ) Gain control |
226 | .. (2 indent ) Noise |
227 | ... (3 indent ) Pretransmission |
228 | ... (3 indent ) Post-transmission |
229 | .. (2 indent ) Adaptive bit allocation |
230 | .. (2 indent ) Quantization |
231 | . (1 indent ) Recognition |
232 | .. (2 indent ) Neural network |
233 | .. (2 indent ) Detect speech in noise |
234 | .. (2 indent ) Normalizing |
235 | .. (2 indent ) Speech to image |
236 | .. (2 indent ) Specialized equations or comparisons |
237 | ... (3 indent ) Correlation |
238 | ... (3 indent ) Distance |
239 | ... (3 indent ) Similarity |
240 | ... (3 indent ) Probability |
241 | ... (3 indent ) Dynamic time warping |
242 | ... (3 indent ) Viterbi trellis |
243 | .. (2 indent ) Creating patterns for matching |
244 | ... (3 indent ) Update patterns |
245 | ... (3 indent ) Clustering |
246 | .. (2 indent ) Voice recognition |
247 | ... (3 indent ) Preliminary matching |
248 | ... (3 indent ) Endpoint detection |
249 | ... (3 indent ) Subportions |
250 | ... (3 indent ) Specialized models |
251 | .. (2 indent ) Word recognition |
252 | ... (3 indent ) Preliminary matching |
253 | ... (3 indent ) Endpoint detection |
254 | ... (3 indent ) Subportions |
255 | ... (3 indent ) Specialized models |
256 | .... (4 indent ) Markov |
256.1 | ....• (5 indent ) Hidden Markov Model (HMM) (EPO) |
256.2 | ....•. (6 indent ) Training of HMM (EPO) |
256.3 | ....•.. (7 indent ) With insufficient amount of training data, e.g., state sharing, tying, deleted interpolation (EPO) |
256.4 | ....•. (6 indent ) Duration modeling in HMM, e.g., semi HMM, segmental models, transition probabilities (EPO) |
256.5 | ....•. (6 indent ) Hidden Markov (HM) network (EPO) |
256.6 | ....•. (6 indent ) State emission probability (EPO) |
256.7 | ....•.. (7 indent ) Continuous density, e.g, Gaussian distribution, Lapalce (EPO) |
256.8 | ....•.. (7 indent ) Discrete density, e.g., Vector Quantization preprocessor, look up tables (EPO) |
257 | .... (4 indent ) Natural language |
258 | . (1 indent ) Synthesis |
259 | .. (2 indent ) Neural network |
260 | .. (2 indent ) Image to speech |
261 | .. (2 indent ) Vocal tract model |
262 | .. (2 indent ) Linear prediction |
263 | .. (2 indent ) Correlation |
264 | .. (2 indent ) Excitation |
265 | .. (2 indent ) Interpolation |
266 | .. (2 indent ) Specialized model |
267 | .. (2 indent ) Time element |
268 | .. (2 indent ) Frequency element |
269 | .. (2 indent ) Transformation |
270 | . (1 indent ) Application |
270.1 | .. (2 indent ) Speech assisted network |
271 | .. (2 indent ) Handicap aid |
272 | .. (2 indent ) Novelty item |
273 | .. (2 indent ) Security system |
274 | .. (2 indent ) Warning/alarm system |
275 | .. (2 indent ) Speech controlled system |
276 | .. (2 indent ) Pattern display |
277 | .. (2 indent ) Translation |
278 | .. (2 indent ) Sound editing |
500 | AUDIO SIGNAL BANDWIDTH COMPRESSION OR EXPANSION |
501 | . (1 indent ) With content reduction encoding |
502 | . (1 indent ) Delay line |
503 | AUDIO SIGNAL TIME COMPRESSION OR EXPANSION (E.G., RUN LENGTH CODING) |
504 | . (1 indent ) With content reduction encoding |
E-SUBCLASSES | |||
The following subclasses beginning with the letter E are E-subclasses. Each E-subclass corresponds in scope to a classification in a foreign classification system, for example, the European Classification system (ECLA). The foreign classification equivalent to an E-subclass is identified in the subclass definition. In addition to US documents classified in E-subclasses by US examiners, documents are regularly classified in E-subclasses according to the classification practices of any foreign Offices identified in parentheses at the end of the title. For example, "(EPO)" at the end of a title indicates both European and US patent documents, as classified by the EPO, are regularly added to the subclass. E-subclasses may contain subject matter outside the scope of this class.Consult their definitions, or the documents themselves to clarify or interpret titles. |
E17.001 | SPEAKER IDENTIFICATION OR VERIFICATION (EPO) |
E17.002 | . (1 indent ) Recognition of special voice characteristics, e.g., for use in a lie detector; recognition of animal voices, etc. (EPO) |
E17.003 | . (1 indent ) Systems using speaker recognizers (EPO) |
E17.004 | . (1 indent ) Details (EPO) |
E17.005 | .. (2 indent ) Preprocessing operations, e.g., segment selection, etc., pattern representation or modeling, e.g., based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA), principal components, etc.; feature selection or extraction (EPO) |
E17.006 | .. (2 indent ) Training, model building, enrollment (EPO) |
E17.007 | .. (2 indent ) Decision making techniques, pattern matching strategies (EPO) |
E17.008 | ... (3 indent ) Use of particular distance or distortion metric between probe pattern and reference templates (EPO) |
E17.009 | ... (3 indent ) Multimodal systems, i.e., based on the integration of multiple recognition engines or experts fusion (EPO) |
E17.01 | ... (3 indent ) Score normalization (EPO) |
E17.011 | ... (3 indent ) Use of phonemic categorization or speech recognition prior to speaker recognition or verification (EPO) |
E17.012 | .. (2 indent ) Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) (EPO) |
E17.013 | .. (2 indent ) Artificial neural networks, connectionist approaches (EPO) |
E17.014 | .. (2 indent ) Pattern transformations and operations aimed at increasing system robustness, e.g., against channel noise, different working conditions, etc. (EPO) |
E17.015 | .. (2 indent ) Interactive procedures, man-machine interface (EPO) |
E17.016 | ... (3 indent ) User prompted to utter a password or predefined text (EPO) |
E15.001 | SPEECH RECOGNITION (EPO) |
E15.002 | . (1 indent ) Assessment or evaluation of speech recognition systems (EPO) |
E15.003 | . (1 indent ) Language recognition (EPO) |
E15.004 | . (1 indent ) Feature extraction for speech recognition; selection of recognition unit (EPO) |
E15.005 | . (1 indent ) Segmentation or word limit detection (EPO) |
E15.006 | .. (2 indent ) Word boundary detection (EPO) |
E15.007 | . (1 indent ) Creation of reference templates; training of speech recognition systems, e.g., adaption to the characteristics of the speaker's voice, etc. (EPO) |
E15.008 | .. (2 indent ) Training (EPO) |
E15.009 | .. (2 indent ) Adaptation (EPO) |
E15.01 | ... (3 indent ) In the frequency domain (EPO) |
E15.011 | ... (3 indent ) To speaker (EPO) |
E15.012 | .... (4 indent ) Supervised, i.e., under machine guidance (EPO) |
E15.013 | .... (4 indent ) Unsupervised (EPO) |
E15.014 | . (1 indent ) Speech classification or search (EPO) |
E15.015 | .. (2 indent ) Using distance or distortion measures between unknown speech and reference templates (EPO) |
E15.016 | .. (2 indent ) Using dynamic programming techniques, e.g., Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), etc. (EPO) |
E15.017 | .. (2 indent ) Using artificial neural networks (EPO) |
E15.018 | .. (2 indent ) Using natural language modeling (EPO) |
E15.019 | ... (3 indent ) Using context dependencies, e.g., language models, etc. (EPO) |
E15.02 | .... (4 indent ) Phonemic context, e.g., pronunciation rules, phonotactical constraints, phoneme n-grams, etc. (EPO) |
E15.021 | .... (4 indent ) Grammatical context, e.g., disambiguation of the recognition hypotheses based on word sequence rules, etc. (EPO) |
E15.022 | ....• (5 indent ) Formal grammars, e.g., finite state automata, context free grammars, word networks, etc. (EPO) |
E15.023 | ....• (5 indent ) Probabilistic grammars, e.g., word n-grams, etc. (EPO) |
E15.024 | .... (4 indent ) Semantic context, e.g., disambiguation of the recognition hypotheses based on word meaning, etc. (EPO) |
E15.025 | ... (3 indent ) Using prosody or stress (EPO) |
E15.026 | ... (3 indent ) Parsing for meaning understanding (EPO) |
E15.027 | .. (2 indent ) Using statistical models, e.g., Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), etc. (EPO) |
E15.028 | ... (3 indent ) Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) (EPO) |
E15.029 | .... (4 indent ) Training of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) (EPO) |
E15.03 | ....• (5 indent ) With insufficient amount of training data, e.g., state sharing, tying, deleted interpolation, etc. (EPO) |
E15.031 | .... (4 indent ) Duration modeling in Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), e.g., semi-HMM, segmental models, transition probabilities, etc. (EPO) |
E15.032 | .... (4 indent ) Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) network (EPO) |
E15.033 | .... (4 indent ) State emission probabilities (EPO) |
E15.034 | ....• (5 indent ) Continuous densities, e.g., Gaussian distribution, Laplace, etc. (EPO) |
E15.035 | ....• (5 indent ) Discrete densities, e.g., Vector Quantization preprocessor, look-up tables, etc. (EPO) |
E15.036 | ....• (5 indent ) Neural Network (NN) as output probability estimator, e.g., hybrid HMM/NN, etc. (EPO) |
E15.037 | ... (3 indent ) Non-hidden Markov Model (EPO) |
E15.038 | .. (2 indent ) Recognition networks (EPO) |
E15.039 | . (1 indent ) Speech recognition techniques for robustness in adverse environments, e.g., in noise, of stress induced speech, etc. (EPO) |
E15.04 | . (1 indent ) Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g., man-machine dialogue, etc. (EPO) |
E15.041 | . (1 indent ) Speech recognition using nonacoustical features, e.g., position of the lips, etc. (EPO) |
E15.042 | .. (2 indent ) Using position of the lips, movement of the lips, or face analysis (EPO) |
E15.043 | . (1 indent ) Speech to text systems (EPO) |
E15.044 | .. (2 indent ) Speech recognition depending on application context, e.g., in a computer, etc. (EPO) |
E15.045 | .. (2 indent ) Systems using speech recognizers (EPO) |
E15.046 | . (1 indent ) Constructional details of speech recognition systems (EPO) |
E15.047 | .. (2 indent ) Distributed recognition, e.g., in client-server systems for mobile phones or network applications, etc. (EPO) |
E15.048 | .. (2 indent ) Memory allocation or algorithm optimization to reduce hardware requirements (EPO) |
E15.049 | .. (2 indent ) Multiple recognizers used in sequence or in parallel; corresponding voting or score combination systems (EPO) |
E15.05 | .. (2 indent ) Recognizers for parallel processing (EPO) |
E19.001 | SPEECH OR AUDIO SIGNAL ANALYSIS-SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES FOR REDUNDANCY REDUCTION, E.G., IN VOCODERS, ETC.; CODING OR DECODING OF SPEECH OR AUDIO SIGNALS; COMPRESSION OR EXPANSION OF SPEECH OR AUDIO SIGNALS, E.G., SOURCE-FILTER MODELS, PSYCHOACOUSTIC ANALYSIS, ETC. (EPO) |
E19.002 | . (1 indent ) Perceptual measures for quality assessment (EPO) |
E19.003 | . (1 indent ) Correction of errors induced by the transmission channel, if related to the coding (EPO) |
E19.004 | . (1 indent ) Lossless audio signal coding; perfect reconstruction of coded audio signal by transmission of coding error (EPO) |
E19.005 | . (1 indent ) Multichannel audio signal coding and decoding, i.e., using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancies, e.g., joint-stereo, intensity-coding, matrixing, etc. (EPO) |
E19.006 | . (1 indent ) Comfort noise, silence coding (EPO) |
E19.007 | . (1 indent ) Speech coding using phonetic or linguistical decoding of the source; reconstruction using text-to-speech synthesis (EPO) |
E19.008 | . (1 indent ) Systems using vocoders (EPO) |
E19.009 | . (1 indent ) Audio watermarking, i.e., embedding inaudible data in the audio signal (EPO) |
E19.01 | . (1 indent ) Using spectral analysis, e.g., transform vocoders, subband vocoders, perceptual audio coders, psychoacoustically based lossy encoding, etc., e.g., MPEG audio, Dolby AC-3, etc. (EPO) |
E19.011 | .. (2 indent ) Blocking, i.e., grouping of samples in time, choice of analysis window, overlap factor (EPO) |
E19.012 | ... (3 indent ) Detection of transients and attacks for time/frequency resolution switching (EPO) |
E19.013 | .. (2 indent ) Noise substitution, i.e., substituting nontonal spectral components by noisy source (EPO) |
E19.014 | .. (2 indent ) Spectral prediction for pre-echo prevention; temporal noise shaping (TNS), e.g., in MPEG2 or MPEG4, etc. (EPO) |
E19.015 | .. (2 indent ) Quantization or dequantization of spectral components (EPO) |
E19.016 | ... (3 indent ) Scalar quantization (EPO) |
E19.017 | ... (3 indent ) Vector quantization, e.g., Twin-VQ audio, etc. (EPO) |
E19.018 | .. (2 indent ) Using subband decomposition (EPO) |
E19.019 | ... (3 indent ) Subband vocoders (EPO) |
E19.02 | .. (2 indent ) Using orthogonal transformation (EPO) |
E19.021 | ... (3 indent ) Using wavelet decomposition (EPO) |
E19.022 | . (1 indent ) Dynamic bit allocation (EPO) |
E19.023 | . (1 indent ) Using predictive techniques; codecs based on source-filter modelization (EPO) |
E19.024 | .. (2 indent ) Determination or coding of the spectral characteristics, e.g., of the short-term prediction coefficients, etc. (EPO) |
E19.025 | ... (3 indent ) Line spectrum pair (LSP) vocoders (EPO) |
E19.026 | .. (2 indent ) Determination or coding of the excitation function; determination or coding of the long-term prediction characteristics (EPO) |
E19.027 | ... (3 indent ) Determination or coding of an excitation gain (EPO) |
E19.028 | ... (3 indent ) Using mixed excitation model, e.g., MELP, MBE, Split band LPC, HVXC, etc. (EPO) |
E19.029 | ... (3 indent ) Long-term prediction, i.e., removing periodical redundancies, e.g., adaptive codebook, pitch predictor, etc. (EPO) |
E19.03 | ... (3 indent ) Using sinusoidal excitation model (EPO) |
E19.031 | ... (3 indent ) Using prototype waveform decomposition or waveform interpolative coders (PWI) (EPO) |
E19.032 | ... (3 indent ) Determination or coding of a multipulse excitation (EPO) |
E19.033 | .... (4 indent ) Algebraic codebook; sparse pulse excitation (EPO) |
E19.034 | .... (4 indent ) Regular pulse excitation (EPO) |
E19.035 | ... (3 indent ) Determination or coding of a code excitation; code excited linear prediction (CELP) vocoders (EPO) |
E19.036 | .... (4 indent ) Pitch excitation, e.g., PSI-CELP (pitch synchronous innovation CELP), etc. (EPO) |
E19.037 | .... (4 indent ) Residual excited linear prediction (RELP) (EPO) |
E19.038 | .... (4 indent ) Vector sum excited linear prediction (VSELP) (EPO) |
E19.039 | .. (2 indent ) Details of speech and audio coders (EPO) |
E19.04 | ... (3 indent ) Vocoder architecture (EPO) |
E19.041 | .... (4 indent ) Vocoders using multiple modes (EPO) |
E19.042 | ....• (5 indent ) Using sound class specific coding, hybrid encoders, object-based coding (EPO) |
E19.043 | ....• (5 indent ) Mode decision, i.e., based on audio signal content versus external parameter (EPO) |
E19.044 | ....• (5 indent ) Variable rate or variable quality codecs, e.g., scalable representation encoding, etc. (EPO) |
E19.045 | ... (3 indent ) Pre- or post-filtering (EPO) |
E19.046 | .... (4 indent ) Pre-filtering, e.g., high frequency emphasis prior to encoding, etc. (EPO) |
E19.047 | .... (4 indent ) Post-filtering, e.g., pitch enhancement, formant emphasis for decoder, etc. (EPO) |
E19.048 | ... (3 indent ) Audio streaming, i.e., formatting and decoding of an encoded audio signal (EPO) |
E19.049 | ... (3 indent ) Transcoding, i.e., converting between two coded representations avoiding cascaded coding-decoding (EPO) |
E21.001 | MODIFICATION OF AT LEAST ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF SPEECH WAVES (EPO) |
E21.002 | . (1 indent ) Speech enhancement, e.g., noise reduction, echo cancellation, etc. (EPO) |
E21.003 | .. (2 indent ) Applications (EPO) |
E21.004 | ... (3 indent ) Speech corrupted by noise (EPO) |
E21.005 | .... (4 indent ) Periodic noise (EPO) |
E21.006 | .... (4 indent ) The noise being separate speech (EPO) |
E21.007 | ... (3 indent ) Speech corrupted by echo-reverberation (EPO) |
E21.008 | ... (3 indent ) Speech corrupted by stress-Lombard effect (EPO) |
E21.009 | ... (3 indent ) Enhancement of intelligibility of clean or coded speech (EPO) |
E21.01 | .... (4 indent ) Enhancement of diverse speech (EPO) |
E21.011 | .... (4 indent ) Bandwidth extension taking place at the receiving side, e.g., generation of low- or high-frequency components, regeneration of spectral holes, etc. (EPO) |
E21.012 | ... (3 indent ) Separate reconstruction of interference and of speech signal (EPO) |
E21.013 | .... (4 indent ) The interference being a separate speaker (EPO) |
E21.014 | ... (3 indent ) Active noise canceling (EPO) |
E21.015 | ... (3 indent ) Public address system (EPO) |
E21.016 | .. (2 indent ) Suppression or repetition of time signal segments (EPO) |
E21.017 | . (1 indent ) Time compression or expansion (EPO) |
E21.018 | .. (2 indent ) Suppression or repetition of time signal segments (EPO) |
E21.019 | . (1 indent ) Transformation of speech into a nonaudible representation, e.g., speech visualization, speech processing for tactile aids, etc. (EPO) |
E21.02 | .. (2 indent ) Synchronization of speech with image or synthesis of the lips movement from speech, e.g., for "talking heads," etc.(EPO) |
E11.001 | MISCELLANEOUS ANALYSIS OR DETECTION OF SPEECH CHARACTERISTICS (EPO) |
E11.002 | . (1 indent ) General speech analysis without concrete application (EPO) |
E11.003 | . (1 indent ) Detection of presence or absence of speech signals (EPO) |
E11.004 | .. (2 indent ) Voice/data decision (EPO) |
E11.005 | .. (2 indent ) End point detection (EPO) |
E11.006 | . (1 indent ) Pitch determination of speech signals (EPO) |
E11.007 | . (1 indent ) Voiced-unvoiced decision (EPO) |
E13.001 | SPEECH SYNTHESIS; TEXT TO SPEECH SYSTEMS (EPO) |
E13.002 | . (1 indent ) Methods for producing synthetic speech; speech synthesizers (EPO) |
E13.003 | .. (2 indent ) Concept-to-speech synthesizers; generation of natural phrases not from text but from machine-based concepts (EPO) |
E13.004 | .. (2 indent ) Sound editing, manipulating voice of the synthesizer (EPO) |
E13.005 | . (1 indent ) Details of speech synthesis systems, e.g., synthesizer architecture, memory management, etc. (EPO) |
E13.006 | .. (2 indent ) Architecture of speech synthesizers (EPO) |
E13.007 | .. (2 indent ) Excitation (EPO) |
E13.008 | .. (2 indent ) Systems using speech synthesizers (EPO) |
E13.009 | . (1 indent ) Elementary speech units used in speech synthesizers; concatenation rules (EPO) |
E13.01 | .. (2 indent ) Concatenation (EPO) |
E13.011 | . (1 indent ) Text analysis, generation of parameters for speech synthesis out of text, e.g., grapheme to phoneme translation, prosody generation, stress, or intonation determination, etc. (EPO) |
E13.012 | .. (2 indent ) Grapheme to phoneme, detection of language (EPO) |
E13.013 | .. (2 indent ) Prosody rules derived from text (EPO) |
E13.014 | .. (2 indent ) Stress or intonation (EPO) |
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS | |||
FOR000 | CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS |
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