Class   376	INDUCED NUCLEAR REACTIONS: PROCESSES, SYSTEMS, AND ELEMENTS
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100

NUCLEAR FUSION

101

. (1 indent ) Pellet guidance systems (e.g., pellet injection means)

102

. (1 indent ) Inertial confinement (e.g., nuclear explosive)

103

.. (2 indent ) Photon beam (e.g., laser) irradiation

104

... (3 indent ) Optics

105

.. (2 indent ) Particle beam irradiation (excluding photons)

106

... (3 indent ) Ion beam irradiation

107

. (1 indent ) Fusion reaction by plural colliding plasmas or particle beams

108

. (1 indent ) Including accelerating particles into a stationary or static target (e.g., Cockcroft-Walton generator type)

109

.. (2 indent ) With target replenishing

110

.. (2 indent ) With means for modifying the resultant neutron output, e.g., moderator means

111

.. (2 indent ) With means to pulsate ion beam

112

.. (2 indent ) Cyclotron type acceleration of nuclei

113

.. (2 indent ) With electrostatic voltage generating means

114

.. (2 indent ) Self-contained neutron sources (e.g., neutron or accelerator tube)

115

... (3 indent ) With cooled electrodes or target

116

... (3 indent ) With ion beam collimator or filtering structure (e.g., extractor electrode)

117

.. (2 indent ) With ion beam collimator or filtering structure

118

.. (2 indent ) Subterranean sources

119

.. (2 indent ) With control circuitry

120

. (1 indent ) Including bunched particle beam

121

. (1 indent ) Magnetic confinement of plasma

122

.. (2 indent ) Plasma formed in situ by laser

123

.. (2 indent ) Principal heating by wave energy

124

... (3 indent ) Heating by time varying magnetic field (e.g., by compression)

125

.. (2 indent ) Imploding liners

126

.. (2 indent ) With enveloping charged particle confinement (e.g., E or P layer)

127

.. (2 indent ) With injection of electrically charged or accelerated particles

128

... (3 indent ) Plasma injection

129

... (3 indent ) Negatively charged particle injection

130

... (3 indent ) Neutral particle injection

131

.. (2 indent ) Auxiliary heating

132

... (3 indent ) Electromagnetic wave energy

133

.. (2 indent ) Toroidal confinement of plasma

134

... (3 indent ) Divertors

135

.... (4 indent ) Effuser

136

... (3 indent ) Limiters or liners

137

... (3 indent ) With solid internal conductor

138

... (3 indent ) Bumpy torus

139

.. (2 indent ) Linear confinement

140

... (3 indent ) Mirror devices

141

.... (4 indent ) Plasma formed or contained between spaced electrodes

142

.. (2 indent ) Magnetic structure

143

.. (2 indent ) With circuitry

144

. (1 indent ) Plasma formed between spaced electrodes

145

.. (2 indent ) Plasma focus

146

. (1 indent ) Including removal or use of impurities or reaction products (e.g., energy)

147

.. (2 indent ) Direct conversion of energy

148

.. (2 indent ) Including use of heat or radiation to effect a chemical reaction

149

. (1 indent ) Shock wave heating of plasma or gas (e.g., MHD heating)

150

. (1 indent ) Chamber structure or material

151

. (1 indent ) Fusion targets or pellets

152

.. (2 indent ) For inertial confinement

153

DETECTION OF RADIATION BY AN INDUCED NUCLEAR REACTION

154

. (1 indent ) By fission

155

. (1 indent ) With boron

156

NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION (E.G., BY MEANS OF PARTICLE OR WAVE ENERGY)

157

. (1 indent ) Gamma or charged particle activation analysis

158

. (1 indent ) By neutron bombardment

159

.. (2 indent ) Neutron activation analysis

160

... (3 indent ) Subterranean

161

.... (4 indent ) Specific nuclides

162

....• (5 indent ) Metals

163

....•. (6 indent ) Aluminum, silicon

164

....•. (6 indent ) Uranium

165

....• (5 indent ) Hydrogen, chlorine

166

....• (5 indent ) Oxygen, carbon

167

.... (4 indent ) With tracer injection

168

.. (2 indent ) Halogens

169

... (3 indent ) Iodine

170

.. (2 indent ) Actinides

171

... (3 indent ) Breeder or converter reactor structures

172

.... (4 indent ) Fertile fuel assembly structure or arrangement

173

....• (5 indent ) Having internal fertile regions

174

.... (4 indent ) Having particular coolant fluid flow path or pattern within reactor core

175

....• (5 indent ) Orifice or fluid control at inlet or outlet of coolant channels

176

....•. (6 indent ) Hydraulic holddown

177

....• (5 indent ) Plural coolant loops or passes through reactor core

178

.... (4 indent ) Fuel assembly holddown or support

179

.... (4 indent ) Coolant manipulated and used exterior of reactor core

180

... (3 indent ) Formation of uranium isotopes

181

.... (4 indent ) Uranium 233

182

... (3 indent ) Formation of plutonium isotopes

183

.. (2 indent ) Doping of semiconductors

184

.. (2 indent ) Rare earths

185

.. (2 indent ) Alkali and alkaline elements

186

.. (2 indent ) Molybdenum, technetium

187

.. (2 indent ) Lead, polonium, bismuth

188

.. (2 indent ) Sulfur, phosphorus

189

.. (2 indent ) With reaction product treatment (e.g., recovery, separation)

190

. (1 indent ) By charged particle bombardment

191

.. (2 indent ) Alpha-neutron sources

192

.. (2 indent ) To produce spallation reactions

193

... (3 indent ) To produce fissile isotopes

194

.. (2 indent ) Proton bombardment

195

... (3 indent ) With reaction product treatment (e.g., recovery, separation)

196

.. (2 indent ) Alpha (helium nucleus) bombardment

197

... (3 indent ) Wherein the reaction product is an actinide or transuranium element

198

... (3 indent ) With reaction product treatment (e.g., recovery, separation)

199

.. (2 indent ) Deuteron bombardment

200

... (3 indent ) Wherein the reaction product is an actinide or transuranium element

201

... (3 indent ) With reaction product treatment (e.g., recovery, separation)

202

. (1 indent ) Irradiation capsule, holder, or support

203

SEAL ARRANGEMENTS

204

. (1 indent ) For nozzle

205

. (1 indent ) Between pressure vessel cover and vessel or portion thereof

206

.. (2 indent ) Rotating plug-type cover

207

WITH CONTROL OF REACTOR (E.G., CONTROL OF COOLANT FLOW)

208

. (1 indent ) Pulsed reactors

209

. (1 indent ) Spectral shift

210

. (1 indent ) By coolant flow

211

.. (2 indent ) Exterior of core (e.g., secondary loop control)

212

. (1 indent ) By altering quantity of characteristic of fuel within critical area

213

.. (2 indent ) Wherein control element includes a fissile material

214

. (1 indent ) Reactor start-up

215

. (1 indent ) By electronic signal processing circuitry (e.g., plural redundant circuits)

216

.. (2 indent ) Plural sensed different conditions or measured variables correlated

217

... (3 indent ) Control programs

218

.... (4 indent ) Xenon control

219

. (1 indent ) By movement of control element or by release of neutron absorbing material

220

.. (2 indent ) Wherein the control element is a reflector or moderator material

221

... (3 indent ) Variable fluent reflector/moderator level or density

222

.... (4 indent ) Moderator dump

223

.. (2 indent ) Rotatable control elements

224

.. (2 indent ) Finger-type control elements (insertable into fuel element positions)

225

... (3 indent ) Including shock absorber

226

.. (2 indent ) Wherein control element is driven directly into bed of fuel elements

227

.. (2 indent ) Control element movable by means of cable and winch, chains or reels

228

.. (2 indent ) Wherein driver or motivating is electric

229

... (3 indent ) Electrofluidic

230

.. (2 indent ) Wherein driver or motivating is fluid

231

... (3 indent ) Pneumatic

232

.. (2 indent ) By motion transforming means, e.g., rack and pinion

233

.. (2 indent ) Releasable coupling

234

.. (2 indent ) Including shock absorber

235

.. (2 indent ) Means for locking control element in desired position

236

.. (2 indent ) Including control rod insertion and removal schemes

237

... (3 indent ) Group movement of control elements

238

... (3 indent ) Setback

239

.. (2 indent ) Rod or support carrying plural elements or diverse materials

240

. (1 indent ) Sensing or detecting device attached to, embedded in, or integral with control element

241

. (1 indent ) Power output control (e.g., load follows with steam dump)

242

. (1 indent ) Means to inhibit control rod movement

243

. (1 indent ) With cooling of control element

244

. (1 indent ) Temperature reactivity control

245

TESTING, SENSING, MEASURING, OR DETECTING A FISSION REACTOR CONDITION

246

. (1 indent ) Flowmeters

247

. (1 indent ) Temperature or pressure measurement

248

. (1 indent ) Optics

249

. (1 indent ) Vessel monitoring or inspection

250

. (1 indent ) Leak detection

251

.. (2 indent ) Fuel element leak detection

252

... (3 indent ) By acoustic or ultrasonic wave energy

253

... (3 indent ) By the detection of fission products external to the fuel element

254

. (1 indent ) Flux monitoring

255

.. (2 indent ) Directly generating electrical signal (e.g., ion detection)

256

. (1 indent ) Gas sensors (e.g., hydrogen detectors)

257

. (1 indent ) Fuel assay (e.g., burnup)

258

. (1 indent ) Position detection

259

. (1 indent ) By particular instrumentation circuitry

260

HANDLING OF FISSION REACTOR COMPONENT STRUCTURE WITHIN REACTOR SYSTEM

261

. (1 indent ) Fuel component

262

.. (2 indent ) Including handling of a second different, diverse reactor component (e.g., control element, moderator element, vessel cover removal)

263

... (3 indent ) With pressure vessel cover removal

264

.. (2 indent ) Charging or discharging of fuel

265

... (3 indent ) Refueling ball-type reactors

266

.... (4 indent ) Means for separating low exposure from high exposure elements

267

... (3 indent ) Refueling schemes, patterns, or fuel cycles (e.g., in/out systems)

268

. (1 indent ) Refueling machines

269

.. (2 indent ) With magazine

270

.. (2 indent ) With nonaxial transfer capability

271

.. (2 indent ) Upper axial transfer

272

. (1 indent ) Storage container systems for new and/or irradiated core elements

273

SUBTERRANEAN REACTOR STRUCTURES (E.G., UNDERGROUND CONTAINMENT, UNDERGROUND EXPLOSIVE)

274

. (1 indent ) For minimizing radioactive contamination within an underground chamber or of the material removed therefrom

275

. (1 indent ) For extracting materials or energy from the earth

276

.. (2 indent ) In the form of heated water or steam

277

REACTOR PROTECTION OR DAMAGE PREVENTION

278

. (1 indent ) By minimizing positive coolant void coefficient

279

. (1 indent ) Fire extinguishing or prevention

280

. (1 indent ) Core catchers

281

. (1 indent ) Fluid flow reversal protection

282

. (1 indent ) Emergency core coolant systems (e.g., injecting coolant into reactor or pipe systems)

283

. (1 indent ) Pressure suppression and relief

284

.. (2 indent ) By fusible means (e.g., ice)

285

. (1 indent ) Expansion means (e.g., shock absorbers, roller bearings)

286

.. (2 indent ) Pipe expansion joints

287

. (1 indent ) Shield or barrier between radiation or heat source and object to be protected (e.g., insulation, thermal shield)

288

.. (2 indent ) Particular materials

289

.. (2 indent ) Thermal insulation

290

... (3 indent ) For liquid metal cooled fast reactors (e.g., insulation for vault roof, or for the vessel walls as by a layer of stagnant or quasi-stagnant coolant)

291

... (3 indent ) Concentric tubes or conduits with insulation

292

.. (2 indent ) Concentric tubes or conduits

293

.. (2 indent ) Containment structures

294

... (3 indent ) Pressure vessels

295

.... (4 indent ) Concrete

296

....• (5 indent ) Prestressed

297

. (1 indent ) With turbine protection means (e.g., turbine trip or overspeed protection means)

298

. (1 indent ) Auxiliary heat removal structure

299

.. (2 indent ) Decay heat removal

300

. (1 indent ) Recombiners

301

.. (2 indent ) Catalytic

302

. (1 indent ) Core restraint means

303

.. (2 indent ) In-core restraint means

304

.. (2 indent ) For moderator structures

305

. (1 indent ) Corrosion or damage prevention

306

.. (2 indent ) By addition of material to coolant

307

. (1 indent ) With pressurizer means

308

FISSION REACTOR MATERIAL (INCLUDING REACTION PRODUCTS) TREATMENT

309

. (1 indent ) Post accident impurity or contaminant removal

310

. (1 indent ) Impurity removal

311

.. (2 indent ) Reprocessing of fuel during reactor operation

312

.. (2 indent ) By cold traps or hot traps

313

.. (2 indent ) By filters, ion exchangers, or absorbers

314

... (3 indent ) Gas filters (e.g., adsorbers)

315

... (3 indent ) Electrostatic or magnetic filters

316

.. (2 indent ) By pressurized fluid (i.e., blowdown)

317

COMBINED

318

. (1 indent ) With propulsion means

319

.. (2 indent ) Gaseous core

320

. (1 indent ) With direct conversion means

321

.. (2 indent ) Thermionic

322

. (1 indent ) For storing excess energy

323

. (1 indent ) With chemical reaction

324

.. (2 indent ) To produce a combustible fuel

325

... (3 indent ) Cracking of hydrocarbons

326

. (1 indent ) With laser

327

CONTROL COMPONENT FOR A FISSION REACTOR

328

. (1 indent ) Liquid control component

329

.. (2 indent ) With vaporization

330

.. (2 indent ) Liquid metal control component

331

. (1 indent ) Gaseous control component

332

. (1 indent ) Telescopic control devices

333

. (1 indent ) Wherein concentration of the reactivity affecting material varies radially or axially of the control element

334

.. (2 indent ) By utilizing a follower

335

. (1 indent ) Flexible control element

336

. (1 indent ) Fuse actuated devices

337

.. (2 indent ) Particulate type

338

. (1 indent ) Particulate type (e.g., balls)

339

. (1 indent ) Nonconventional control material

340

REACTOR STRUCTURES WITH TESTING OR IRRADIATION FACILITIES

341

. (1 indent ) With material holder or support positioned outside the radiation source

342

. (1 indent ) With provision for insertion of material to be irradiated into the radiation means

343

.. (2 indent ) Flux trap reactor structures

344

.. (2 indent ) By fluid pressure

345

... (3 indent ) Wherein the fluid is a liquid

346

EPI-THERMAL REACTOR STRUCTURES (E.G., INTERMEDIATE NEUTRON SPECTRUM)

347

REACTOR STRUCTURES

348

. (1 indent ) Fast thermal composite core

349

. (1 indent ) Flux flattening

350

. (1 indent ) Moderator component varies in its effective density or materials

351

.. (2 indent ) Spaced internal reflectors or moderators

352

. (1 indent ) Orifice or fluid control at inlet or outlet of coolant channels

353

. (1 indent ) With particular control rod guide structure

354

. (1 indent ) Fuel material in contact with and supported by fluid

355

.. (2 indent ) Fluidized beds

356

.. (2 indent ) Fuel dispersed in liquid moderator, solution, etc.

357

... (3 indent ) Vapor forming, separating, or manipulating

358

... (3 indent ) With particular in situ reconstitution or modification of fuel moderator material

359

.. (2 indent ) Fuel in molten state or in molten vehicle

360

... (3 indent ) Fuel in form of fused salt

361

. (1 indent ) Circulating fluid within reactor

362

.. (2 indent ) Fuel assembly supports

363

... (3 indent ) Suspended fuel assembly

364

... (3 indent ) Fuel assembly holddown or locking means

365

.... (4 indent ) Hydraulic or pneumatic

366

.. (2 indent ) Plural fluids or a fluid in plural phases circulating within reactor (e.g., pressure tube reactors)

367

... (3 indent ) In heat pipe means

368

... (3 indent ) Including chemically distinct gas

369

.... (4 indent ) With formation, separation, or manipulation of a second gas

370

... (3 indent ) With formation, separation, or manipulation of a vapor (e.g., boiling water reactor (BWR) type)

371

.... (4 indent ) With vapor-liquid separating means

372

.... (4 indent ) With jet pump

373

.... (4 indent ) Having specified fluid flow path or pattern within reactor core

374

....• (5 indent ) Plural separate coolant loops through reactor core

375

....• (5 indent ) With plural, coolant passes through reactor core

376

....•. (6 indent ) Re-entrant type

377

....• (5 indent ) With particular flow directing or diverting means (e.g., flow baffle)

378

.... (4 indent ) Vapor manipulated or used exterior of reactor core

379

....• (5 indent ) With flow control of fluid within reactor

380

.... (4 indent ) Nonaqueous vapor

381

.. (2 indent ) Pebble bed reactor

382

... (3 indent ) Having core of separate pebble containers

383

.. (2 indent ) Fluid is a gas

384

... (3 indent ) Wherein the gas is steam

385

... (3 indent ) Having specified flow path or pattern within reactor core

386

.... (4 indent ) Plural separate loops

387

.... (4 indent ) Plural passes through core

388

....• (5 indent ) Re-entrant type

389

.... (4 indent ) With particular flow directing or diverting means (e.g., flow baffle)

390

....• (5 indent ) With core bypass means (e.g., passage along core barrel or through shield structure)

391

... (3 indent ) Manipulated or used exterior of the reactor core

392

.... (4 indent ) With jet pump

393

.... (4 indent ) With coaxial flow

394

.... (4 indent ) With single structure component containment (e.g., pod arrangement)

395

.. (2 indent ) Having specified fluid flow path or pattern within reactor core

396

... (3 indent ) Plural separate coolant loops through reactor core

397

... (3 indent ) Plural passes

398

.... (4 indent ) Re-entrant type

399

... (3 indent ) With particular flow directing or diverting means (e.g., flow baffle)

400

.... (4 indent ) With core bypass means (e.g., passage along core barrel or through shield structure)

401

... (3 indent ) One-fluid-type pressure tube reactor

402

.. (2 indent ) Manipulated or used exterior of reactor core

403

... (3 indent ) Including tank, pool, or reservoir (e.g., swimming pool)

404

.... (4 indent ) Having reactor core and heat exchanger or pump therein

405

....• (5 indent ) With particular heat exchanger structure

406

... (3 indent ) Compact or integral (e.g., heat exchanger, core, pumps in same vessel)

407

... (3 indent ) With jet pumps

408

... (3 indent ) With means or structure to flash coolant into vapor

409

FUEL COMPONENT STRUCTURE

410

. (1 indent ) With means to prevent thinning of the cladding (e.g., amoeba effect)

411

. (1 indent ) Spherical particles

412

. (1 indent ) Encased with nonfuel component

413

.. (2 indent ) With internal pressurizer

414

.. (2 indent ) Coated, preformed, or impregnated layer or part or adhesively bonded layers or parts

415

... (3 indent ) Lubricating layer

416

... (3 indent ) Multiple or composite cladding-type layers

417

.... (4 indent ) Including getter layer or barrier layer

418

.. (2 indent ) Getter, fission product retainer of filter

419

.. (2 indent ) Burnable poison

420

.. (2 indent ) Interpellet spacing or positioning means

421

.. (2 indent ) Homogeneously intermixed

422

... (3 indent ) Alloyed fuel

423

.. (2 indent ) Moderator or reflector

424

.. (2 indent ) Coolant or heat exchange material

425

.. (2 indent ) Heat insulating material

426

. (1 indent ) Plural fuel segments or elements

427

.. (2 indent ) In solid moderator block

428

.. (2 indent ) Wherein the fissile content varies radially or axially within the same container (e.g., plural fuel layers)

429

.. (2 indent ) Complementary segments within same container

430

.. (2 indent ) Spherically shaped segments within same container

431

.. (2 indent ) Concentric cylindrical elements

432

.. (2 indent ) Plate-type fuel elements

433

.. (2 indent ) Stacked (e.g., Candu type reactor fuel components)

434

.. (2 indent ) In pack or bundle

435

... (3 indent ) Wherein the fissile content varies radially or axially across the pack or bundle

436

... (3 indent ) Wire-wrapped fuel elements

437

... (3 indent ) Having the fuel element ends positioned on or attached to rails

438

... (3 indent ) Including grid

439

.... (4 indent ) With coolant flow path deflecting means

440

.... (4 indent ) For ends of fuel elements

441

.... (4 indent ) With nonintegral fuel element contacting means

442

.... (4 indent ) With fuel element contacting protuberance or projection

443

... (3 indent ) With coolant flow path deflecting means

444

.... (4 indent ) With coolant flow bypass means

445

... (3 indent ) With thermal expansion compensating means

446

... (3 indent ) With removable member

447

... (3 indent ) Including separate burnable poison or moderator

448

... (3 indent ) With means for spacing apart adjacent packs or bundles

449

... (3 indent ) Having provision or structure for insertion of control elements therein

450

. (1 indent ) With condition sensing or indicating means

451

. (1 indent ) Having particular end closure or seal (e.g., weld, plug, cap, etc.)

452

.. (2 indent ) With indexing means

453

. (1 indent ) Fuel support or covering provided with fins, projections, prongs, etc.)

454

.. (2 indent ) With external fins, projections, prongs, etc.

455

. (1 indent ) Hollow, annular, or graduated fuel layers or members (e.g., concentric, helical, etc.)

456

. (1 indent ) Vented fuel

457

. (1 indent ) Nonconventional jacket or can material

458

MODERATOR OR REFLECTOR COMPONENT STRUCTURE FOR A FISSION REACTOR

459

. (1 indent ) With means for keying or assembling moderator blocks together

460

ROTATING PLUG-TYPE COVER

461

VESSEL SUPPORT (E.G., CORE VESSEL SUPPORTS)

462

GRIDS

463

MISCELLANEOUS

	CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS

900

PARTICULAR MATERIAL OR MATERIAL SHAPES FOR FISSION REACTORS

901

. (1 indent ) Fuel

902

.. (2 indent ) With external lubricating or absorbing material

903

.. (2 indent ) Shapes

904

. (1 indent ) Moderator, reflector, or coolant materials

905

.. (2 indent ) Organic

906

.. (2 indent ) Metal

907

.. (2 indent ) Dissociative coolants

908

REACTOR GEOMETRY (OR PART THEREOF) DEFINED IN TERMS OF NUMERICAL VALUES

909

MOBILE REACTORS

910

ROTATING REACTORS

911

PLURAL REACTOR SYSTEMS

912

NUCLEAR REACTOR SYSTEMS SITUATED IN THE OCEAN

913

ANTIMATTER DEVICES AND METHODS

914

NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES

915

FUSION REACTOR FUELS

916

METHODS OF MAKING FUSION FUEL TARGETS

917

UTILIZING DIFFERENT FUELS OR FUELS IN DIFFERENT FORMS, IN DIFFERENT REACTOR REGIONS IN RELATION TO AMOUNTS OF HEAT PRODUCED IN SAID REGIONS

918

ENTIRE REACTOR CORE OF SINGLE INTEGRAL STRUCTURE

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