Class   356	OPTICS: MEASURING AND TESTING
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2

CONTOUR PLOTTING

3

RANGE OR REMOTE DISTANCE FINDING

3.01

. (1 indent ) Triangulation ranging to a point with one projected beam

3.02

.. (2 indent ) Using photodetection with a fixed axial line of sight

3.03

.. (2 indent ) Using a source beam with a fixed axial direction or plane

3.04

... (3 indent ) With a single staring photodetector having one element

3.05

.... (4 indent ) Having moving receiver optics

3.06

... (3 indent ) With a single photodetector having multiple elements

3.07

.... (4 indent ) Having electronic scanning of the photodetector

3.08

... (3 indent ) With at least one paired set of staring photodetectors

3.09

.. (2 indent ) Requiring scanning of a source beam

3.1

. (1 indent ) Triangulation ranging to a point with two or more projected beams

3.11

.. (2 indent ) Using photodetection at the source station(s)

3.12

.. (2 indent ) Using photodetection remote from the source station(s)

3.13

. (1 indent ) Triangulation ranging with photodetection, but with no projected beam

3.14

.. (2 indent ) Using at least a pair of viewing axes

3.15

... (3 indent ) With one viewing axis fixed

3.16

... (3 indent ) With moving optical elements in all viewing axes

4.01

. (1 indent ) With photodetection

4.02

.. (2 indent ) Of a simulation or test

4.03

.. (2 indent ) Of focused image size or dimensions

4.04

.. (2 indent ) Of degree of defocus

4.05

.. (2 indent ) Of focal point search

4.06

.. (2 indent ) Of differential amplitude at two source or detector distances

4.07

.. (2 indent ) Of intensity proportional to distance

4.08

.. (2 indent ) Of height relative to a light plane

4.09

.. (2 indent ) Of light interference fringes

4.1

... (3 indent ) Having different frequency sources

5.01

.. (2 indent ) Of pulse transit time

5.02

... (3 indent ) Having return coincide with swept display or detector

5.03

... (3 indent ) Having one or more return pulse gates or windows

5.04

.... (4 indent ) Including a displayed image

5.05

... (3 indent ) Having pulse transmission trigger significance

5.06

.... (4 indent ) Including optical pick-off of transmission start

5.07

....• (5 indent ) With specific counter type timing of returns

5.08

.... (4 indent ) Including specific counter type timing of returns

5.09

.. (2 indent ) Of frequency difference

5.1

.. (2 indent ) Of CW phase delay

5.11

... (3 indent ) Having multiple carrier or modulation frequencies

5.12

.... (4 indent ) Including an alternating reference path

5.13

... (3 indent ) Having an alternating reference path

5.14

... (3 indent ) Having polarization discrimination

5.15

... (3 indent ) Having specific IF mixing of returns

6

. (1 indent ) Instrument condition testing or indicating

7

. (1 indent ) Periscope or offset type

8

. (1 indent ) With view finder

9

. (1 indent ) Base line instrument (i.e., base is a part of instrument)

10

.. (2 indent ) With filter or light valve

11

.. (2 indent ) Range finder combined with height finder

12

.. (2 indent ) Stereoscopic

13

... (3 indent ) Ortho-pseudo type

14

... (3 indent ) Stationary measuring marks

15

.. (2 indent ) Length of base line variable

16

.. (2 indent ) Image displaced by moving refracting element

17

.. (2 indent ) Image displaced by rotating reflecting element

18

.. (2 indent ) With mounting, supporting, adjusting, or folding structure

19

.. (2 indent ) Prism structure for determining coincidence

20

. (1 indent ) External basis type

21

.. (2 indent ) Object size or distance known

22

... (3 indent ) With displaced images

23

MOTION STOPPING (E.G., STROBOSCOPES)

24

. (1 indent ) Periodically moving reflecting or refracting element

25

. (1 indent ) Periodically moving light interrupting element

26

.. (2 indent ) Vibrating or oscillating element

27

VELOCITY OR VELOCITY/HEIGHT MEASURING

28

. (1 indent ) With light detector (e.g., photocell)

28.5

.. (2 indent ) Of light interference (e.g., interferometer)

29

OPTICAL ELEMENT OR RETICLE RESPONDS TO RELATIVE VELOCITY OF REMOTE OBJECT

30

CRYSTAL OR GEM EXAMINATION

31

. (1 indent ) Axes determination

32

MATERIAL STRAIN ANALYSIS

33

. (1 indent ) With polarized light

34

.. (2 indent ) Attached detector

35

.. (2 indent ) Sheet material

35.5

. (1 indent ) By light interference detector (e.g., interferometer)

36

WITH SAMPLE PREPARATION

37

. (1 indent ) Condensation nuclei detector

38

. (1 indent ) Depositing particles on optical surface

39

BLOOD ANALYSIS

40

. (1 indent ) Hemoglobin concentration

41

.. (2 indent ) Oximeters

42

.. (2 indent ) Standards

43

OPTICAL PYROMETERS

44

. (1 indent ) With sample engaging rod or tube

45

. (1 indent ) Plural color responsive

46

. (1 indent ) With incandescent standard

47

.. (2 indent ) Automatic intensity control

48

.. (2 indent ) Modulating (e.g., flicker beam)

49

.. (2 indent ) Telescopic

50

... (3 indent ) Current control

51

INFRARED AND ULTRAVIOLET

52

EGG CANDLING

53

. (1 indent ) Photoelectric

54

. (1 indent ) With counting, marking, or weighing

55

. (1 indent ) With egg transfer

56

.. (2 indent ) With egg turning or jarring

57

... (3 indent ) Endless conveyor

58

.. (2 indent ) Endless conveyor

59

.. (2 indent ) Manual transfer

60

... (3 indent ) With light shading chamber

61

... (3 indent ) Portable receptacles

62

. (1 indent ) With light shading chamber

63

.. (2 indent ) Hood type

64

. (1 indent ) With light box

65

.. (2 indent ) With egg turning or jarring

66

.. (2 indent ) With particular illumination means

67

... (3 indent ) With particular electrical switching

68

. (1 indent ) Lamp attachments

69

CUTTING BLADE SHARPNESS

70

OIL TESTING (E.G., CONTAMINATION)

71

DOCUMENT PATTERN ANALYSIS OR VERIFICATION

72

WITH PLURAL DIVERSE TEST OR ART

73

PLURAL TEST

73.1

FOR OPTICAL FIBER OR WAVEGUIDE INSPECTION

300

BY DISPERSED LIGHT SPECTROSCOPY

301

. (1 indent ) With Raman type light scattering

302

. (1 indent ) For spectrographic (i.e., photographic) investigation

303

.. (2 indent ) With spectral analysis

304

.. (2 indent ) With sectored disc

305

.. (2 indent ) With diffraction grating

306

. (1 indent ) With internal standard comparison

307

. (1 indent ) With background radiation comparison

308

. (1 indent ) With synchronized spectrum repetitive scanning (e.g., cathode-ray readout)

309

.. (2 indent ) Using plural beams

310

. (1 indent ) With aperture mask

311

. (1 indent ) With sample excitation (e.g., burning)

312

.. (2 indent ) By electrical resistance heating (e.g., graphite tube)

313

.. (2 indent ) By arc or spark

314

... (3 indent ) Including sputtering

315

.. (2 indent ) By flame

316

.. (2 indent ) By high frequency field (e.g., plasma discharge)

317

.. (2 indent ) By light

318

... (3 indent ) Monochromatic (e.g., laser)

319

. (1 indent ) Utilizing a spectrophotometer (i.e., plural beam)

320

.. (2 indent ) Having plural wavelengths

321

.. (2 indent ) Having servo equalization

322

... (3 indent ) With polarized light beams

323

.. (2 indent ) Having beam modulation

324

... (3 indent ) With plural dispersion

325

... (3 indent ) Prior to testing

326

. (1 indent ) Utilizing a spectrometer

327

.. (2 indent ) Having light polarizing means

328

.. (2 indent ) Having diffraction grating means

329

... (3 indent ) Including servo slit adjustment means

330

.. (2 indent ) Having optical gating means

331

. (1 indent ) With monochromator structure

332

.. (2 indent ) Having adjustable color or bandwidth

333

... (3 indent ) In a double monochromator

334

... (3 indent ) With diffraction grating means

335

FOR SIZE OF PARTICLES

336

. (1 indent ) By particle light scattering

337

BY PARTICLE LIGHT SCATTERING

338

. (1 indent ) With photocell detection

339

.. (2 indent ) At right angles to the light beam (e.g., nephelometer)

340

.. (2 indent ) At variable angle to the light beam

341

.. (2 indent ) For light comparison means

342

.. (2 indent ) Of back-scattered light

343

.. (2 indent ) Using plural photocells

344

BY ELECTROPHORESIS

450

BY LIGHT INTERFERENCE (E.G., INTERFEROMETER)

451

. (1 indent ) Spectroscopy

452

.. (2 indent ) Having particular linear mirror drive or configuration

453

.. (2 indent ) Polarization

454

.. (2 indent ) Fabry-Perot type or Etalon Type

455

.. (2 indent ) Having a rotating, pendulous, or wedge scanning element

456

.. (2 indent ) Imaging

457

. (1 indent ) Holography

458

.. (2 indent ) For optical configuration

459

. (1 indent ) Rotation rate (e.g., ring laser gyros)

460

.. (2 indent ) By fiber or waveguide interferometer (e.g., Sagnac effect)

461

... (3 indent ) Resonant loop

462

... (3 indent ) Multi-axis (X-Y-Z) having multiplexing

463

... (3 indent ) Multiple harmonic output

464

... (3 indent ) Having null feedback loop

465

... (3 indent ) Fiber coil winding

466

... (3 indent ) Having m x n loop coupler where (m is greater than 2) and (n is greater than or equal to 2) (e.g., passive bias)

467

.. (2 indent ) Four frequency, multi-oscillator, non-planar cavity

468

.. (2 indent ) Cavity output beam combiner

469

.. (2 indent ) Cavity mirror details

470

.. (2 indent ) Passive cavity (laser source outside cavity)

471

.. (2 indent ) Multi-axis cavity

472

.. (2 indent ) Lock-in prevention

473

... (3 indent ) Path length control (PLC)

474

... (3 indent ) Having dither signal removal from output

475

... (3 indent ) Having dither signal control

476

... (3 indent ) By dithering (suspensions, drives, flexures)

477

. (1 indent ) Using fiber or waveguide interferometer

478

.. (2 indent ) Multiplexed sensor array

479

.. (2 indent ) Having a short coherence length source

480

.. (2 indent ) Resonant cavity

481

.. (2 indent ) Refraction indexing

482

.. (2 indent ) For distance or displacement measurement

483

.. (2 indent ) Plural counter-propagating beams (e.g., non-motion Sagnac device)

484

. (1 indent ) Having light beams of different frequencies (e.g., heterodyning)

485

.. (2 indent ) For dimensional measurement (e.g., thickness gap, alignment, profile)

486

... (3 indent ) Displacement or distance

487

.... (4 indent ) Polarization

488

....• (5 indent ) Having wavefront division (e.g., by diffraction)

489

... (3 indent ) Contour or profile

490

... (3 indent ) Alignment

491

. (1 indent ) Having polarization

492

.. (2 indent ) For dimensional measurement

493

... (3 indent ) Displacement or distance

494

.... (4 indent ) Having wavefront division (e.g., by diffraction)

495

... (3 indent ) Contour or profile

496

. (1 indent ) For dimensional measurement

497

.. (2 indent ) Having short coherence length source

498

.. (2 indent ) Displacement or distance

499

... (3 indent ) Having wavefront division (e.g., by diffraction)

500

... (3 indent ) X-Y and/or Z table

501

... (3 indent ) Of probe head (e.g., atomic force microscope)

502

... (3 indent ) Surface displacement due to acoustic wave propagation)

503

.. (2 indent ) Thickness

504

... (3 indent ) Refraction from surfaces of different refractive index

505

.. (2 indent ) Gap

506

... (3 indent ) Fabry-Perot type

507

... (3 indent ) Between slider/disc (e.g., flying height)

508

.. (2 indent ) For orientation or alignment

509

... (3 indent ) Between mask and wafer

510

... (3 indent ) Tilt

511

.. (2 indent ) Contour or profile

512

... (3 indent ) By wavefront detection

513

.... (4 indent ) Of highly reflective surface (e.g., mirror)

514

....• (5 indent ) Planar surface

515

.... (4 indent ) Of transmission (e.g., lens)

516

... (3 indent ) Step height (differential, between points)

517

. (1 indent ) For refractive indexing

518

.. (2 indent ) Having Schlieren effect

519

. (1 indent ) Having partially reflecting plates in series (e.g., Fabry-Perot type)

520

. (1 indent ) Having shearing

521

. (1 indent ) Having wavefront division (by diffraction)

364

BY POLARIZED LIGHT EXAMINATION

365

. (1 indent ) With birefringent element

366

. (1 indent ) With polariscopes

367

.. (2 indent ) Including polarimeters

368

... (3 indent ) With electro-optical light rotation

369

. (1 indent ) Of surface reflection

370

. (1 indent ) With light attenuation

121

LAMP BEAM DIRECTION OR PATTERN

122

. (1 indent ) With lamp focusing

123

FOCAL POSITION OF LIGHT SOURCE

124

LENS OR REFLECTIVE IMAGE FORMER TESTING

124.5

. (1 indent ) For optical transfer function

125

. (1 indent ) Focal length measuring

126

.. (2 indent ) Deflecting or interrupting optical path

127

. (1 indent ) Optical center, cylinder axis, or prism measuring or determining

128

REFRACTION TESTING (E.G., REFRACTOMETERS)

129

. (1 indent ) Schlieren effect

130

. (1 indent ) Differential

131

.. (2 indent ) With servo controlled optical member

132

... (3 indent ) Reflective optical member

133

. (1 indent ) Refractive rod engages specimen

134

. (1 indent ) Prism forming fluid specimen container

135

. (1 indent ) Prism engaging specimen

136

.. (2 indent ) Internally reflecting prism

137

.. (2 indent ) Plural prisms

138

ANGLE MEASURING OR ANGULAR AXIAL ALIGNMENT

139

. (1 indent ) Plural scales or different portions of same scale simultaneously observable

139.01

. (1 indent ) Star/Sun/Satellite position indication with photodetection

139.02

.. (2 indent ) With reticle or slot

139.03

. (1 indent ) Relative attitude indication along 3 axes with photodetection

139.04

. (1 indent ) Automatic following or aligning while indicating measurement

139.05

.. (2 indent ) With optical elements moving relative to fixed housing to follow or align

139.06

.. (2 indent ) With optical housing moving to follow or align

139.07

.. (2 indent ) With photodetection of reflected beam angle with respect to a unidirectional source beam

139.08

... (3 indent ) With source beam moving to follow or align

139.09

. (1 indent ) Wheel alignment with photodetection

139.1

. (1 indent ) Photodetection of inclination from level or vertical

140

. (1 indent ) Apex of angle at observing or detecting station

141.1

.. (2 indent ) With photodetection of reflected beam angle with respect to a unidirectional source beam

141.2

.. (2 indent ) With photodetection

141.3

... (3 indent ) With unidirectional or planar source beam directed at the photodetecting station

141.4

... (3 indent ) With optical scanning of light beam or detector

141.5

... (3 indent ) With at least 2-dimensional sensitivity

142

.. (2 indent ) Scale and remote point simultaneously observable

143

... (3 indent ) Artificial reference

144

.. (2 indent ) With plural images

145

... (3 indent ) Lines of sight relatively adjustable with two degrees of freedom

146

... (3 indent ) Two or more lines of sight deflected

147

.. (2 indent ) Measurement in two planes (e.g., azimuth and elevation; hour angle and declination)

148

.. (2 indent ) Artificial reference

149

... (3 indent ) Gyroscope or pendulum stabilized optical element

150

. (1 indent ) Sides of angle or axes being aligned transverse to optical axis (e.g., drift meter)

151

.. (2 indent ) With light pulsing or interrupting means

152.1

. (1 indent ) With photodetection remote from measured angle

152.2

.. (2 indent ) With reflection of a unidirectional source beam from a planar or nonretroreflective surface

152.3

.. (2 indent ) With reflection of a unidirectional source beam from a retroreflector

153

. (1 indent ) Alignment of axes nominally coaxial

154

. (1 indent ) With screen

155

.. (2 indent ) Wheel alignment

600

SURFACE ROUGHNESS

601

SHAPE OR SURFACE CONFIGURATION

602

. (1 indent ) Triangulation

603

.. (2 indent ) Projection of structured light pattern

604

... (3 indent ) Pattern is series of non-intersecting lines

605

.... (4 indent ) Moire

606

.. (2 indent ) Line of light projected

607

... (3 indent ) Scan

608

.. (2 indent ) Scan

609

. (1 indent ) By focus detection

610

. (1 indent ) By projection of coded pattern

611

. (1 indent ) By stereo

612

. (1 indent ) By specular reflection

613

. (1 indent ) Silhouette

614

POSITION OR DISPLACEMENT

615

. (1 indent ) Position transverse to viewing axis

616

.. (2 indent ) Having scale or grid

617

... (3 indent ) Coded scale

618

... (3 indent ) Moire

619

.... (4 indent ) Quadrature detection

620

.. (2 indent ) Special mark or target on object

621

.. (2 indent ) Occulting a projected light beam

622

.. (2 indent ) Position of detected arrangement relative to projected beam

623

. (1 indent ) Triangulation

624

. (1 indent ) Focus

625

DIMENSION

626

. (1 indent ) Cavities

627

. (1 indent ) Volume

628

. (1 indent ) Area

629

.. (2 indent ) Light scanning

630

. (1 indent ) Thickness

631

.. (2 indent ) By triangulation

632

.. (2 indent ) Of light permeable material

634

. (1 indent ) Length

635

. (1 indent ) Width or diameter

636

.. (2 indent ) Line width

637

.. (2 indent ) Web

638

.. (2 indent ) Shadow or beam blocking

639

... (3 indent ) Scanning

640

.... (4 indent ) Single beam scans entire width or diameter

388

BY CONFIGURATION COMPARISON

389

. (1 indent ) With photosensitive film or plate

390

. (1 indent ) With two images of single article compared

391

. (1 indent ) With projection on viewing screen

392

.. (2 indent ) For comparison with master or desired configuration

393

... (3 indent ) Having master or desired configuration projection

394

. (1 indent ) With comparison to master, desired shape, or reference voltage

395

. (1 indent ) With relatively movable optical grids

396

. (1 indent ) With scale or optical grid displaced relative to remote fiducial mark

397

. (1 indent ) With object being compared and scale superimposed

398

. (1 indent ) With object being compared and light beam moved relative to each other (e.g., scanning)

399

BY ALIGNMENT IN LATERAL DIRECTION

400

. (1 indent ) With light detector (e.g., photocell)

401

. (1 indent ) With registration indicia (e.g., scale)

402

BY SHADE OR COLOR

403

. (1 indent ) With merging colors or patterns (e.g., Maxwell disc)

404

. (1 indent ) Photography

405

. (1 indent ) Tristimulus examination

406

. (1 indent ) Trichromatic examination

407

. (1 indent ) With sample responsive to plural colors applied simultaneously

408

. (1 indent ) With sequential comparison of sample and standard

409

. (1 indent ) Fluid color transmission examination

410

.. (2 indent ) Of flowing liquids

411

... (3 indent ) With plural light detectors (e.g., photocells)

412

.. (2 indent ) With ionic determination

413

.. (2 indent ) With variable light path length

414

.. (2 indent ) With color transmitting filter

415

... (3 indent ) Including liquid filter comparison

416

. (1 indent ) With color transmitting filter

417

.. (2 indent ) Included with sample excitation

418

.. (2 indent ) Including rotating sequential filters

419

.. (2 indent ) Including multicolor filters

420

.. (2 indent ) Included with colored light sources

421

. (1 indent ) With reflective multicolor chart or standard

422

.. (2 indent ) Plate

423

... (3 indent ) Disk

424

.. (2 indent ) Drum or endless tape

425

. (1 indent ) With color determination by light intensity comparison

426

BY INSPECTION WITH AGITATION OR ROTATION

427

. (1 indent ) Of container contents

428

. (1 indent ) Of containers

429

BY MONITORING OF WEBS OR THREAD

430

. (1 indent ) For flaws or imperfections

431

.. (2 indent ) Including transverse scanning

432

FOR LIGHT TRANSMISSION OR ABSORPTION

433

. (1 indent ) By comparison

434

.. (2 indent ) Photoelectric (e.g., sequential viewing)

435

... (3 indent ) With plural detectors (e.g., simultaneous viewing)

436

. (1 indent ) Of fluent material

437

.. (2 indent ) Gas

438

... (3 indent ) Exhaust, dust or smoke

439

.... (4 indent ) Contained

440

.. (2 indent ) With significant sample holder or supply

441

.. (2 indent ) Having particles suspended in liquid

442

... (3 indent ) With light detector

443

. (1 indent ) Of photographic film

444

.. (2 indent ) With scanning, sweeping, or moving detector over film

445

OF LIGHT REFLECTION (E.G., GLASS)

446

. (1 indent ) With diffusion

447

. (1 indent ) With modulation (e.g., flicker beam)

448

. (1 indent ) By comparison

213

PHOTOMETERS

214

. (1 indent ) Pupillary

215

. (1 indent ) Integrating

216

. (1 indent ) Heat absorbing (e.g., radiometers)

217

. (1 indent ) Modulating (e.g., flicker beam)

218

. (1 indent ) Photoelectric

219

.. (2 indent ) Simultaneous sighting and reading measurement

220

.. (2 indent ) Multiple housings

221

.. (2 indent ) Responsive to incident or back lighting

222

.. (2 indent ) Plural detectors

223

.. (2 indent ) Logarithmic

224

.. (2 indent ) Multisensitivity range

225

.. (2 indent ) With predetector light modifier (e.g., diaphragm)

226

.. (2 indent ) Detector and indicator electrical coupling (e.g., amplifying or attenuating)

227

.. (2 indent ) With particular indicator

228

... (3 indent ) Movable scale (e.g., calibrating)

229

. (1 indent ) Comparison

230

.. (2 indent ) With light standard

231

... (3 indent ) Variable incandescent standard

232

... (3 indent ) Standard movable

233

. (1 indent ) With variable light aperture size

234

. (1 indent ) Light absorbing

235

.. (2 indent ) Absorber continuously variable (e.g., wedge)

236

. (1 indent ) Integrating spheres

237.1

INSPECTION OF FLAWS OR IMPURITIES

238.1

. (1 indent ) Textile inspection

238.2

.. (2 indent ) Elongated textile product (e.g., thread, yarn, etc.)

238.3

.. (2 indent ) Detection of foreign material (e.g., trash, splinters, contaminants, etc.)

239.1

. (1 indent ) Transparent or translucent material

239.2

.. (2 indent ) Optical element (e.g., contact lens, prism, filter, lens, etc.)

239.3

.. (2 indent ) Patterned surface

239.4

.. (2 indent ) Containers (e.g., bottles)

239.5

... (3 indent ) Detection of foreign matter on or in container

239.6

... (3 indent ) Of container contents

239.7

.. (2 indent ) Surface condition

239.8

... (3 indent ) Detection of an object or particle on surface

240.1

. (1 indent ) Containers or enclosures (e.g., packages, cans, etc.)

241.1

. (1 indent ) Bore inspection (e.g., borescopes, intrascope, etc.)

241.2

.. (2 indent ) Firearm bore inspection

241.3

.. (2 indent ) With adjustable head

241.4

.. (2 indent ) Flexible

241.5

.. (2 indent ) Specific construction of distal end

241.6

.. (2 indent ) Having guiding means

237.2

. (1 indent ) Surface condition

237.3

.. (2 indent ) Detection of object or particle on surface

237.4

... (3 indent ) On patterned or topographical surface (e.g., wafer, mask, circuit board)

237.5

.. (2 indent ) On patterned or topographical surface (e.g., wafer, mask, circuit board)

237.6

. (1 indent ) Having predetermined light transmission regions (e.g., holes, aperture, multiple material articles)

242.1

THREAD COUNTING

243.1

STANDARD

243.2

. (1 indent ) For fluid suspended particles

243.3

. (1 indent ) Flying height testers

243.4

. (1 indent ) Surface standard

243.5

.. (2 indent ) Color

243.6

.. (2 indent ) Foreign object

243.7

.. (2 indent ) Texture

243.8

.. (2 indent ) Light intensity

244

SAMPLE, SPECIMEN, OR STANDARD HOLDER OR SUPPORT (E.G., PLATES OR SLIDES)

245

. (1 indent ) Cotton graders

246

. (1 indent ) Fluid containers (e.g., cells or cuvettes)

247

FIDUCIAL INSTRUMENTS

248

. (1 indent ) Artificial reference

249

.. (2 indent ) Liquid surface (e.g., bubble level)

250

.. (2 indent ) Pendular suspension of optical element or reticle

251

. (1 indent ) Reticle lies outside viewing path

252

.. (2 indent ) Reticle image transversely adjustable relative to optical axis

253

. (1 indent ) Deflection of line of sight

254

.. (2 indent ) Two or more deflections

255

.. (2 indent ) By reflection

256

MISCELLANEOUS

	CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS

900

INTERFEROMETERS (GO1B 9/02)

901

. (1 indent ) Involving fiber optics or integrated optics (GO1B 9/02F)

902

. (1 indent ) Involving diffraction gratings (GO1B 9/02G)

903

. (1 indent ) Using holographic techniques (GO1B 9/021)

904

MEASURING MICROSCOPES (GO1B 9/04)

905

MEASURING TELESCOPES (GO1B 9/06)

906

OPTICAL PROJECTION COMPARATORS, E.G., FOR PROFILE (GO1B 9/08)

907

GONIOMETERS (GO1B 9/10)

908

MEASURING LENGTH, WIDTH, OR THICKNESS (GO1B 11/02)

909

. (1 indent ) By means of tv-camera scanning (GO1B 11/02B)

910

. (1 indent ) By means of diode-array scanning (GO1B 11/02C)

911

MEASURING THE DEFORMATION IN A SOLID, E.G., OPTICAL STRAIN GAUGE (GO1B 11/16)

912

MEASURING ANGLES (GO1C 1/00)

913

. (1 indent ) Theodolites (GO1C 1/02)

914

.. (2 indent ) Combined with cameras (GO1C 1/04)

915

. (1 indent ) Sextants (GO1C 1/08)

916

ALTIMETERS FOR AIRCRAFT (GO1C 5/00A)

917

MEASURING INCLINATION, E.G., BY CLINOMETERS, BY LEVELS (GO1C 9/00)

918

PHOTOGRAMMETRY; PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEYING (GO1C 11/00)

919

. (1 indent ) Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g., controlling overlapping of pictures (GO1C 11/02)

920

.. (2 indent ) By scanning the object (GO1C 11/02A)

921

. (1 indent ) Interpretation of pictures (GO1C 11/04)

922

PHOTOMETRY, E.G., PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE METER (GO1J 11/04)

923

RADIATION PYROMETRY (GOLJ 5/00)

924

MEASURING VELOCITY OF LIGHT (GOLJ 7/00)

925

MEASURING OPTICAL PHASE DIFFERENCE: MEASURING OPTICAL WAVELENGTH (GO1J 9/00)

926

MEASURING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL OPTICAL PULSES OR OF OPTICAL PULSE TRAINS (GO1J 11/00)

927

MEASURING VARIATIONS OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL WHEN IT IS STRESSED, E.G., BY PHOTOELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS USING INFRA-RED, VISIBLE LIGHT, ULTRA-VIOLET (GO1L 1/24)

928

INVESTIGATING OR ANALYZING MATERIALS BY THE USE OF OPTICAL MEANS, I.E., USING INFRA-RED, VISIBLE, OR ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT (GO1N 21/00)

929

. (1 indent ) Arrangements, or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation (GO1N 21/01)

930

.. (2 indent ) Cuvette constructions (GO1N 21/03)

931

. (1 indent ) Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of material investigated (GO1N 21/17)

932

.. (2 indent ) With opto-acoustic detection, e.g., for gases or analyzing solids (GO1N 21/17B)

933

.. (2 indent ) With calorimetric detection, e.g., with thermal lens detection (GO1N 21/17C)

934

.. (2 indent ) With modulation of one or more physical properties of the sample during optical investigation, e.g., Electra reflectance (GO1N 21/17M)

935

.. (2 indent ) Dichroism (GO1N 21/19)

936

.. (2 indent ) Polarization-affecting properties (GO1N 21/21)

937

... (3 indent ) Ellipsometry (GO1N 21/21B)

938

... (3 indent ) Bi-refringence (GO1N 21/23)

939

.. (2 indent ) Color; spectral properties, i,e., comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands (GO1N 21/25)

940

... (3 indent ) Colorimeters (GO1N 21/25B)

941

.... (4 indent ) For batch operation, i.e., multi-sample apparatus (GO1N 21/25B2)

942

... (3 indent ) Arrangements using two alternating lights and one detector (GO1N 21/25D)

943

... (3 indent ) Using photo-electric detection (GO1N 21/27)

944

.... (4 indent ) For following a reaction, e.g., for determining photometrically a reaction rate (GO1N 21/27C)

945

... (3 indent ) Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g., atomic absorption spectrometry (GO1N 21/31)

946

.. (2 indent ) Holographic interferometry (GO1N 21/45B)

947

.. (2 indent ) Scattering, i.e., diffuse reflection (GO1N 21/47F)

948

. (1 indent ) Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light (GO1N 21/62)

949

.. (2 indent ) Optically excited (GO1N 21/63)

950

... (3 indent ) Using photolysis and investigating photolyzed fragments (GO1N 21/63C)

951

... (3 indent ) Florescence; Phosphorescence (GO1N 21/64)

952

... (3 indent ) Raman scattering (GO1N 21/65)

953

. (1 indent ) Probe photometers (GO1N 21/85B)

954

. (1 indent ) Scan or image signal processing arrangements specially adapted for investigating the presence of flaws or contaminates, e.g., for scan signal adjustments, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures (GO1N 21/88)

955

MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED UTILIZING DEVICES CHARACTERIZED BY THE USE OF OPTICAL MEANS, E.G., USING INFRA-RED, VISIBLE, OR ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT (GO1P 3/36)

956

. (1 indent ) Using a ring laser (GO1P 3/36B)

957

. (1 indent ) Using diffraction of light (GO1P 3/36C)

958

. (1 indent ) Using photographic means (GO1P 3/38)

	FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS

FOR000

CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS

Any foreign patents or non-patent literature from subclasses that have been reclassified have been transferred directly to FOR Collections listed below. These Collections contain ONLY foreign patents or non-patent literature. The parenthetical references in the Collection titles refer to the abolished subclasses from which these Collections were derived.

FOR100

INSPECTION FOR FLAWS OR IMPERFECTIONS (356/237)

FOR101

. (1 indent ) Cloth or thread inspection (356/238)

FOR102

. (1 indent ) Passing light through a transparent or translucent article (356/239)

FOR103

.. (2 indent ) Containers (e.g., bottles) or contents (356/240)

FOR104

. (1 indent ) Bore inspection (e.g., borescopes) (356/241)

FOR105

THREAD COUNTING (356/242)

FOR106

STANDARDS (356/243)

FOR107

BY LIGHT INTERFERENCE (E.G., INTERFEROMETERS) (356/345)

FOR108

. (1 indent ) Spectroscopy (356/346)

FOR109

. (1 indent ) Holography (356/347)

FOR110

.. (2 indent ) For optical configuration (356/348)

FOR111

. (1 indent ) With light beams of different frequency (e.g., heterodyning) (356/349)

FOR112

.. (2 indent ) For rotation rate (e.g., ring laser) (356/350)

FOR113

. (1 indent ) With polarization (356/351)

FOR114

. (1 indent ) With partially reflecting plates in series (e.g., Fabry-Perot type) (356/352)

FOR115

. (1 indent ) With shearing (356/353)

FOR116

. (1 indent ) With wavefront division (e.g., by diffraction) (356/354)

FOR117

.. (2 indent ) For dimensional measurement (e.g., thickness) (356/355)

FOR118

... (3 indent ) Of displacement or distance (356/356)

FOR119

. (1 indent ) For dimensional measurement (e.g., thickness) (356/357)

FOR120

.. (2 indent ) Of displacement or distance (356/358)

FOR121

. (1 indent ) For optical configuration (356/359)

FOR122

.. (2 indent ) With two light beams (e.g., Twyman-Green) (356/360)

FOR123

. (1 indent ) For refractive indexing (356/361)

FOR124

.. (2 indent ) With Schlieren effect (356/362)

FOR125

. (1 indent ) For orientation and alignment (356/363)

FOR126

FOR FLATNESS (356/371)

FOR127

BY MENSURATION (356/372)

FOR128

. (1 indent ) Of article displacement (356/373)

FOR129

.. (2 indent ) Including moire' fringe (356/374)

FOR130

. (1 indent ) Of position (356/375)

FOR131

. (1 indent ) Of contour or profile (356/376)

FOR132

.. (2 indent ) With curve readers (356/377)

FOR133

. (1 indent ) Of cavities (356/378)

FOR134

. (1 indent ) Of area or volume (356/379)

FOR135

.. (2 indent ) By scanning (356/380)

FOR136

. (1 indent ) Of thickness (356/381)

FOR137

.. (2 indent ) Of light permeable material (356/382)

FOR138

. (1 indent ) Of length (356/383)

FOR139

. (1 indent ) Of width or diameter (356/384)

FOR140

.. (2 indent ) Of moving object (356/385)

FOR141

... (3 indent ) By scanning or light interruption (356/386)

FOR142

.. (2 indent ) By scanning or light interruption (356/387)

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