*****TBD*****

CLASS 516, COLLOID SYSTEMS AND WETTING AGENTS; SUBCOMBINATIONS THEREOF; PROCESSES OF MAKING, STABILIZING, BREAKING, OR INHIBITING

1	CONTINUOUS GAS OR VAPOR PHASE: COLLOID SYSTEMS; COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING AN AGENT FOR MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS (E.G., SMOKE, FOG, AEROSOL, CLOUD, MIST):

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which is a (1) colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase, (2) composition containing an agent* for making or stabilizing such a system, (3) process of making or stabilizing such a system, or (4) process of preparing a composition containing an agent* for making or stabilizing such a system; such as smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist, aerosolizing.

(1) Note. The discontinuous phase may be a solid, liquid, or a polyphasic material*, such as gels, emulsions.

(2) Note. As set forth in the class definition, included in this and indented subclasses are subcombination compositions, which includes those compositions which are substantially completely formulated except for performing a step thereon to form the colloid system, such as a chemical reaction, or a physical step. Examples of such step include spraying, aerosolizing, atomizing, heating, agitating, dissolving. Thus, a liquified composition in a pressurized container intended for creating a colloid-sized mist is proper for placement in this and indented subclasses, and as appropriate in other colloid system areas of this Class if the liquified composition is itself a colloid system.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant per se, therefor.
905+,	for a collection of art under the class definition which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

40,	Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 213 for smoke producing apparatus and systems limited to skywriting.
43,	Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, subclasses 124+ for process and apparatus the primary object of which is to destroy or kill vermin without trapping them (particularly see subclasses 125+ for apparatus for creating or involving fumes or smoke when such fumes are used for destroying vermin and not for general disinfecting or similar purposes, subclass 132.1 for devices or processes under subclass 124 for destroying invertebrate animals, i.e., insects), cross-reference art collection 900 for apparatus for dispersing i.e., spraying, a liquid mass or jet of droplets used to destroy insects.
47,	Plant Husbandry, subclass 2 for methods and devices for preventing the freezing of trees and plants and their fruit not elsewhere provided for (such as misting).
73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 28.01+ for measuring solid content of gas (e.g., particle).
102,	Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 334 for apparatus for and methods of smoke generating (i.e., causing vapor, cloud, etc., to be formed by a burning), subclasses 335+ for pyrotechnics apparatus and corresponding methods designed to produce smoke, light, heat, and/or noise (e.g., fireworks display, amusement, flash photo, signal), subclasses 367+ for apparatus for or methods of using an explosion to cause a liquid, solid, or gas to be scattered or spread about in the form of a mist, vapor, particles, or gas (e.g., noxious or incapacitating, plant, insect, animal, foliage, biological warfare/chemical warfare).
109,	Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, subclasses 29+ for devices of the Class combined with means for releasing, generating and/or distributing gas, smoke, vapors and/or liquids either manually, automatically upon attack, or automatically in case of fire, which fluent material is normally, but not necessarily, toxic, noncombustible, or incapacitating and may normally, but not necessarily, be used to repel attacks and/or put out, prevent, or impede the action of a fire, and this includes devices relating to jails, where the purposes of this subclass are also present.
126,	Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 59.5 for portable devices for generating heat or smoke for protecting orchards from frost (e.g., smudge pots).
141,	Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, subclass 3 for processes in which an aerosol type dispenser type receiver is filled by steps involving manipulation of the dispenser as an incident to or aid to refilling or filling the supply chamber (i.e., the material to be dispensed, powder or liquid, is dissolved in or carried by a vaporizing propellant which forms the charge of the dispenser).
148,	Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for compositions employed in the treatment of solid metal such as for soldering, fluxing, heat treating, tempering, or otherwise modifying solid metal.
149,	Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, appropriate subclasses for explosive and thermic compositions and methods of preparing or treating such compositions, where the latter are used to produce usable heat or flame or by-products resulting from the use of such compositions (e.g. smoke flares). See various subclasses based on active composition for explosive or thermic compositions which may be gels or pastes or may be intended to yield smoke as result of combustion (particularly subclasses 29+ , 37+, and 78+), subclasses 17+ for compositions containing particulate material dispersed substantially entirely within a solidified or matrix medium and which are characterized by dispersed phase within a continuous phase, subclass 108.4 for smoke affecting composition (e.g., coloring), subclass 108.8 for compositions containing a stability or viscosity agent (e.g., gelling, thickening, thinning, liquefying, etc., agent, a stabilizer or unstabilizer (activator), a burning rate modifier), cross-reference art collection 110+ for compositions or processes reciting or disclosing a reference to a particular size or dimension of the particles of at least one of the ingredients or the size or dimension of all or part of the composition in particulate form, cross-reference art collection 117 for smoke generating or weather modifying composition with a resin, and cross-reference art collection 118 for composition containing a resin dissolved in the continuous phase of a gel.
162,	Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, see subclasses 63+ for processes wherein the fibrous material is forcibly and directly contacted with a (reactive or nonreactive) gas, vapor, or mist during digestion or chemical treatment for some purpose other than drying.
205,	Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 74 for the reproduction or formation of powder, flakes, or colloid-sized particles by electrodeposition in which the deposit does not remain with the base upon which deposition is made and compositions therefor.
222,	Dispensing, subclasses 394+ for dispensers in which the material is caused to discharge from the container by fluids under pressure that directly contact the material to be dispensed, subclass 635 for pressurized aerosol container.
239,	Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclasses 1+ for processes (particularly see subclass 2.1+ for processes including spraying or dispersing and intended for weather control or modification including fog clearing or making, snow making, rain making (i.e., either (a) to wet a surface or (b) to precipitate moisture from the atmosphere), subclasses 8+ for processes of mixing a gas with the material to be dispersed), and subclasses 14.1+ for apparatus for weather control, such as snow making.
252,	Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252.
261,	Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, subclasses 75+ for devices specially adapted to produce an intimate contact between gases and liquids (especially 78.1+ for atomizer).
264,	Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, subclasses 5+ for processes of forming solid particulate material directly from a molten or liquid mass, e.g., liquid comminuting to form particles.
392,	Electric Resistance Heating Devices, subclasses 324+ for steam or vapor generator which is a fluid-in-circuit type heater, subclasses 386+ for heating device for use in converting a substance from a solid or liquid to a gaseous state (especially subclasses 394+ for evaporation device for substance which is a liquid (e.g., water, etc.)).
401,	Coating Implements With Material Supply, subclass 190 for device including pressurized reservoir (e.g., aerosol device).
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclass 1.13 for radionuclide containing composition containing aerosol, subclasses 40+ for combustible or chemically reactive compositions to produce a smoke, mist, or aerosol, subclasses 43+ for effervescent or pressurized fluid containing composition, subclasses 76.2+ for non-body deodorizing substances which are evaporable, sublimable or gas (e.g., deodorization of air, aerosol spray compositions, gels), digest 1 for aerosol hair preparations.
426,	Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclass 116 for packaged or wrapped product having utility for dispensing or serving an aerosol, subclass 235 for application of a gas, mist, smoke, or vapor to a food material under the influence of electrical or wave energy.
427,	Coating Processes, subclasses 248.1 through 255.7for coating by vapor, gas, or smoke; and subclasses 421.1-427.7 for coating by spraying.
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam subclasses 283.1+ for class apparatus.
446,	Amusement Devices: Toys, subclasses 24+ for smoke producing toys.
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, cross-reference art collection 957 for subject matter involving application or distribution of an active ingredient using a vapor or gas, cross-reference art collection 958 for subject matter involving a combination of an active ingredient with a carrier system which allows administration by smoking or inhaling, cross-reference art collection 959 for subject matter involving inhalation of a breathing gas such as oxygen containing gas and supplements thereto.
524,	Synthetic Resin or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collection 903 for aerosol compositions of synthetic resins or natural rubbers.

2	. Discontinuous phase formed by combustion or oxidation/reduction reaction (e.g., smudge-pot smoke):

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which the discontinuous phase contains material formed by a combustion reaction or an oxidation/reduction reaction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

4,	for discontinuous phase formed by a hydrolysis step, such as metal oxide from metal chloride/water reaction.
10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant per se, therefor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

43,	Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, subclasses 124+ for process and apparatus the primary object of which is to destroy or kill vermin without trapping them (particularly see subclasses 125+ for apparatus for creating or involving fumes or smoke when such fumes are used for destroying vermin and not for general disinfecting or similar purposes, subclass 132.1 for devices or processes under subclass 124 for destroying invertebrate animals, i.e., insects), cross-reference art collection 900 for apparatus for dispersing i.e., spraying, a liquid mass or jet of droplets used to destroy insects.
102,	Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 334 for apparatus for and methods of smoke generating (i.e., causing vapor, cloud, etc., to be formed by a burning), subclasses 335+ for pyrotechnics apparatus and corresponding methods designed to produce smoke, light, heat, and/or noise (e.g., fireworks display, amusement, flash photo, signal), subclasses 367+ for apparatus for or methods of using an explosion to cause a liquid, solid, or gas to be scattered or spread about in the form of a mist, vapor, particles, or gas (e.g., noxious or incapacitating, plant, insect, animal, foliage, biological warfare/chemical warfare).
126,	Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 59.5 for portable devices for generating heat or smoke for protecting orchards from frost (e.g., smudge pots).
149,	Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, appropriate subclasses for explosive and thermic compositions and methods of preparing or treating such compositions, where the latter are used to produce usable heat or flame or by-products resulting from the use of such compositions (e.g. smoke flares). See various subclasses based on active composition for explosive or thermic compositions which may be gels or pastes or may be intended to yield smoke as result of combustion (particularly subclasses 29+ , 37+, and 78+), subclasses 17+ for compositions containing particulate material dispersed substantially entirely within a solidified or matrix medium and which are characterized by dispersed phase within a continuous phase, subclass 108.4 for smoke affecting composition (e.g., coloring), subclass 108.8 for compositions containing a stability or viscosity agent (e.g., gelling, thickening, thinning, liquefying, etc., agent, a stabilizer or unstabilizer (activator), a burning rate modifier), cross-reference art collection 110+ for compositions or processes reciting or disclosing a reference to a particular size or dimension of the particles of at least one of the ingredients or the size or dimension of all or part of the composition in particulate form, cross-reference art collection 117 for smoke generating or weather modifying composition with a resin, and cross-reference art collection 118 for composition containing a resin dissolved in the continuous phase of a gel.
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 40+ for combustible or chemically reactive compositions to produce a smoke, mist, or aerosol.

3	.. Steam present:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains steam.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant per se, therefor.

4	. Discontinuous phase formed by hydrolysis step (e.g., metal oxide from metal chloride/water reaction):

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which the discontinuous phase contains material* is formed by a hydrolysis step, such as, metal oxide from metal chloride/water reaction.

(1) Note. The hydrolysis step must be disclosed and reasonably proximate to the class subject matter and not just speculation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant, per se, therefor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 40+ for combustible or chemically reactive compositions to produce a smoke, mist, or aerosol.

5	. Steam present:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains steam.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant per se, therefor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

162,	Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, see subclass 68 for processes wherein the fibrous material is forcibly and directly contacted with steam only during digestion or chemical treatment for some purpose other than drying.
392,	Electric Resistance Heating Devices, subclasses 324+ for steam or vapor generator which is a fluid-in-circuit type heater, and subclasses 386+ for a heating device for use in converting a substance from a solid or liquid to a gaseous state (especially subclasses 394+ for evaporation device for substance which is a liquid (e.g., water, etc.)).

6	. Discontinuous phase primarily liquid (e.g., mist, fog):

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a discontinuous phase which is primarily liquid, such as, mist or fog.

(1) Note. "Primarily liquid" means that 50% or more of that phase is liquid, by weight, volume, or molecule.

(2) Note. Located in this subclass are colloid systems formed by compressed (but not liquified) or flowing gases, and not solid phase containing. Liquified propellants are located in indented primary classes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

7,	for a similar colloid systems which contain a solid phase, such as droplets of liquid surrounding a solid seed nucleus, solid walled microcapsules, smoke, or solid colloid-sized particles mixed with the liquid colloid-sized particles.
8,	for a similar colloid systems formed by liquified, absorbed, absorbed, or dissolved propellant.
10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant, per se, therefor.

7	.. The discontinuous phase contains a solid phase (e.g., seed nucleus, microcapsules, smokey fog):

This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter in which the primarily liquid discontinuous phase further contains solid phase material such as droplets of liquid surrounding a solid seed nucleus, solid walled microcapsules, smoke (solid colloid-sized particles) mixed with the liquid colloid-sized particles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant, per se, therefor.

8	.. The continuous phase contains a propellant derived from nongaseous phase (e.g., liquified propellant, such as hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, dimethylether; sorbed or dissolved CO 2):

This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter in which the continuous phase contains a propellant of which a significant, intended portion was derived from a non-gaseous (solid, liquid, gel, or supercritical) phase, such as, liquified propellant, such as hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, dimethylether; adsorbed or dissolved CO 2; propellant imbued in gel.

(1) Note: Subject matter found here includes compositions (and nominally recited cans or containers) for making aerosols which are propelled from the container through a valve system by the pressure of the propellant expanding into the ambient atmosphere where the propellant is formulated to coexist with a non-gaseous phase of itself which tends to permit delivery of the aerosol at a substantially constant pressure until the container is empty. Also located here are the propellants per se when their ultimate intended use is disclosed or known to be for such aerosol compositions.

(2) Note: The propellant must derived from the non-gaseous phase, not merely coexist with non-gaseous discontinuous phase component(s).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

6,	for colloid systems derived from purely gaseous propellant.
10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant, per se, therefor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

141,	Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, subclass 3 for processes in which an aerosol type dispenser type receiver is filled by steps involving manipulation of the dispenser as an incident to or aid to refilling or filling the supply chamber (i.e., the material to be dispensed, powder or liquid, is dissolved in or carried by a vaporizing propellant which forms the charge of the dispenser).
222,	Dispensing, subclasses 394+ for dispensers in which the material is caused to discharge from the container by fluids under pressure that directly contact the material to be dispensed, and subclass 635 for a pressurized aerosol container.
401,	Coating Implements With Material Supply, subclass 190 for a device including pressurized reservoir (e.g., aerosol device).
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclass 1.13 for a radionuclide containing composition containing aerosol, subclasses 43+ for an effervescent or pressurized fluid containing composition, subclasses 76.2+ for nonbody deodorizing substances which are evaporable, sublimable, or gas (e.g., deodorization of air, aerosol spray compositions, gels), and digest 1 for aerosol hair preparations.
426,	Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclass 116 for a packaged or wrapped product having utility for dispensing or serving an aerosol, and subclass 235 for application of a gas, mist, smoke, or vapor to a food material under the influence of electrical or wave energy.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to aerosol colloid systems include subclass 120 for a composition for cleaning human scalp hair, scalp, or wig which is dispensed by release of pressurized gas, subclasses 133+ for a composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 140 for packaged in an aerosol dispenser), subclass 198 for a gas-propelled composition for removing heat-degraded food residue from solid surface, subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclass 279 for gas-propelled composition (e.g., aerosol) for cleaning pile fabric or upholstery (e.g., carpet, rug)), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition, or package)), subclasses 395+ for a cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), and subclasses 405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants (particularly subclass 406 for gas-propelled).

8.1	... Precursor contains plural immiscible liquid phases (e.g., emulsion):

This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject matter in which the precursor to the colloid system contains 2 or more immiscible liquid phases, such as, an emulsion or non-emulsified immiscible liquids.

(1) Note: The precursor refers to the colloid system and includes the propellant component(s) as well as the aerosol component(s).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant per se, therefor.

9

CONTINUOUS LIQUID OR SUPERCRITICAL PHASE: COLLOID SYSTEMS; COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING AN AGENT FOR MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS (E.G., THICKENING AGENT; PROTECTIVE COLLOID AGENT; COMPOSITION CONTAINING AN EMULSIFYING AGENT WITH NO DISPERSANT* DISCLOSED; ORGANIC LIQUID EMULSIFIED IN ANHYDROUS HF):

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which is a (1) colloid system having a continuous liquid or supercritical phase, (2) composition containing an agent* for making or stabilizing such a system, such as thickening agent* or other adjuvants, (3) process of making or stabilizing such a system, or (4) process of preparing a composition containing an agent* for making or stabilizing such a system; such as, compositions containing an emulsifying agent* or colloid system stabilizing agent* with no dispersant* disclosed, organic* liquid emulsified in anhydrous HF; with the proviso that no continuous or semicontinuous solid phase is present (i.e. excludes paste, gel, floc, gelled emulsion, etc.).

(1) Note. When the disclosure does not specify the continuous and the discontinuous phases sufficiently to place in an indented subclass, then the patent is placed in this subclass. However, some colloid systems have generic or subgeneric placements, such as a foam colloid system, which has a proper generic placement (i.e., all foam systems are provided for), or a primarily organic continuous liquid phase colloid system. When multiple genera are disclosed, each should be cross-referenced.

(2) Note. Certain subject matter is proper for placement in this subclass, there being no indented subclass providing for such subject matter. An example is an organic* liquid emulsified in anhydrous-HF (which is nonaqueous and nonorganic*). Another example is thickening agents for aqueous continuous phase systems in which the discontinuous phase has not been disclosed (therefor it could be organic liquid, solid, or bituminous). Continuous supercritical phase colloid systems are placed in this subclass.

(3) Note. See this class definition, in Section II, LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection C., Guidelines for OR (Original Reference) and XR (Cross Reference) Placement, hereinabove, for explanation of placement requirements for references. A generically claimed colloid system or making composition which is not provided for in the USPCS, requires an XR herein. Further, the placement of any generic claim must be premised on that generic disclosure rather than upon a specific use for which a classification is already made elsewhere (such as those classes which provide for solely disclosed subject matter). For example, a surfactant mixture solely disclosed as an aqueous phase laundry cleaning agent (which is inferred to define an oil-in-water system) and generically described as useful for surfactant uses or other such broad language which does not afford determination of or limitation to a specific continuous phase is placed in this subclass because no continuous phase is specified. If the broad language does specify the continuous and/or discontinuous phase so as to satisfy an indented subclass area, then and only then placement is made therein; multiple placements made be required in the case of generic and subgeneric type disclosures. In summation, users of this class schedule should locate all broadly defined liquid phase surfactants in this subclass if the continuous phase is generic.

(4) Note. As set forth in the class definition, included in this and indented subclasses are subcombination compositions, which includes those compositions which are substantially completely formulated except for performing a step thereon to form the colloid system, such as a chemical reaction, or a physical step. Examples of such step include depressurizing, heating, agitating, dissolving. Thus, a mixture intended to be agitated into an emulsion or a foam is proper for placement in this and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam.
20,	for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase.
21+,	for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid, such as water-in-oil emulsions.
31+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions or dispersions).
32,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase.
38+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon.
53+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily nonbituminous solid.
98+,	for gel or gelled emulsions (e.g., paste, gel, floc, gelled emulsion).
901,	for a collection of art related to colloid systems of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black, lamp black, Fullerenes.
902,	for an art collection under the class definition which discloses gelled emulsions.
905+,	for a collection of art under the Class definition which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

60,	Power Plants, subclass 39.464 for a reaction motor having means to produce combustion products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion, or suspension.
62,	Refrigeration, subclass 54.1 for a process or apparatus for storing a cryogen as a mixture of diverse phases, such as, a gel or colloid suspension.
71,	Chemistry: Fertilizers, subclass 64.08 for processes directed to the preparation of fertilizers in form of slurry or suspension, and the produced plant fertilizing compositions.
106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which are not elsewhere classified. See subclasses 162.1+ for coating or plastic composition containing a carbohydrate* or carbohydrate-derivative* which may be an emulsion (e.g., cellulose ether or ester), subclass 271 for dispersions of paraffin wax in water which contain more than just the material necessary to produce or stabilize the dispersion, subclass 277 for bituminous emulsions which contain more than just those components necessary to form or stabilize the emulsion, subclass 278 for bituminous dispersions which contain more than just those components necessary to form or stabilize the emulsion, and subclass 646 for inorganic settable composition containing protein which sets or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions, usually forming a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular, hollow, or porous material.
134,	Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for an apparatus for or processes of cleaning, which may include use of detergents, or for contacting solids with liquids for any purpose not provided for in another class.
137,	Fluid Handling, subclass 13 for processes in which flow of fluent material is facilitated by the addition of material which affects the flow characteristics of the fluent material (e.g., suspending agent, viscosity reducing agent), or by the application of heat or other forms of energy.
138,	Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclasses 40+ for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow restrictor.
205,	Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclasses 334+ for processes or compositions for the preparation of chemical compounds or of elements by means of electrolytic action (especially subclass 352 for processes wherein an emulsion, dispersion, or suspension is utilized as the electrolyte or bath, subclass 353 for processes wherein an electrolyte system having two or more separate, immiscible layers are utilized), and subclass 699 for electrolytic erosion of a workpiece for shape or surface change (e.g., etching, polishing, etc.) (process and electrolyte composition) wherein the electrolyte is held into contact with a portion of the workpiece surface by surface tension or capillary action.
209,	Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated (this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation of some components from others).
210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 634+ for liquid/liquid solvent or colloid dispersion extraction.
252,	Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252. See subclasses 71+ for compositions for thickening liquids for use as hydraulic fluids.
366,	Agitating, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper for compositions Classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for nonspecified use compositions (generic).
422,	Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the surface of the liquid.
426,	Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 602+ for an aqueous emulsion in a composition having fat or oil basic ingredient other than butter in emulsion form, subclass 654 for stabilizing or preserving agent or emulsifier other than organophosphatide), and subclass 519 for processes including mixing or agitating, e.g., homogenizing.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion, for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, and subclass 493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process of making.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents (especially subclass 102 for compositions which may contain foam), and subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents (especially subclass 202 for compositions which may contain foam).
508,	Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants which may be colloid systems. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient (particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion or emulsion, cross-reference art collection 945 for subject matter involving a foam and containing specified ingredients to form said foam).
520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the 520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
523,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclass 171 for nonporous synthetic polymeric compositions having opalescent, pearlescent, or variegated color.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion therewith, or product thereof.

10	. Having discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam:

This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a liquid continuous phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam).

(1) Note. Solid foams are not provided for in this class, unless otherwise provided for as in the case of the foam of a gel system.

(2) Note. Surfactant mixtures useful for making solid foams, e.g., polyurethane foams, and other formulations leading up to the uncured foam, are proper for this class and are classified in this and indented subclasses based upon the colloid system they are ultimately intended to make, i.e., the liquid (pre-cured) foam, even though it is a temporary intermediate.

(3) Note. As set forth in the class definition, included in this and indented subclasses are subcombination compositions, which includes those compositions which are substantially completely formulated except for performing a step thereon to form the colloid system, such as a chemical reaction, alone or facilitated by a physical step. Examples of such step include spraying, heating, agitating, dissolving. Thus, a liquified composition in a pressurized container intended for creating a foam is proper for placement in this and indented subclasses, and as appropriate in other colloid system areas of this Class if the liquified composition is itself a colloid system. Also included are the propellants per se when the ultimate intended use is disclosed for these colloid systems.

(4) Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time sufficient for its intended use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid systems of colloid-sized particles dispersed in continuous gas or vapor phase (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist), and the propellant per se, therefor.
9,	for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*.
20,	for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase.
21+,	for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid, such as water-in-oil emulsions.
31+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions or dispersions).
32,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase.
38+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon.
53+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily nonbituminous solid.
98+,	for gel or gelled emulsion (e.g., paste, gel, floc, gelled emulsion).
901,	for a collection of art related to colloid systems of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black, lamp black, Fullerenes.
905+,	for a collection of art under the Class Definition which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

8,	Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, appropriate subclasses for the special use compositions classified therein, and see subclass 477 for foam dye compositions.
71,	Chemistry: Fertilizers, appropriate subclasses for plant fertilizing compositions, and see cross-reference art collection 900 for foams of plant fertilizing compositions.
106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which are not elsewhere classified. See subclass 646 for inorganic settable composition containing protein which sets or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions, usually forming a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular, hollow, or porous material.
109,	Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, subclasses 29+ for devices of the class combined with means for releasing, generating and/or distributing gas, smoke, vapors and/or liquids either manually, automatically upon attack, or automatically in case of fire, which fluent material is normally, but not necessarily, toxic, noncombustible, or incapacitating and may normally, but not necessarily, be used to repel attacks and/or put out, prevent, or impede the action of a fire, and this includes devices relating to jails, where the purposes of this subclass are also present.
156,	Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, see the Class 156 definition for presentation of the diverse content of this class. See subclass 78 for processes of bonding of lamina which include the step of forming pores by introducing a gas under pressure to the interior of at least one lamina or by generating a gas in-situ within such lamina.
166,	Wells, subclasses 244.1+ for processes of treating or operating a well (especially subclass 309 for processes which produce foam or gas in a well by a foaming or gas producing material in a well), which includes significantly claimed process steps of well treating or well operation. See also the notes and SEARCH CLASS references in Class 166 subclass 244.1.
169,	Fire Extinguishers, see subclass 44 for processes involving the mixing of fire extinguishing components.
205,	Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 699 for electrolytic erosion of a workpiece for shape or surface change (e.g., etching, polishing, etc.) (process and electrolyte composition) wherein the electrolyte is held into contact with a portion of the workpiece surface by surface tension or capillary action.
209,	Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated (this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation of some components from others), subclasses 163+ for methods and means wherein some material is caused to adhere selectively (i.e., to some constituents and not to others) which so lightens the material constituents to which it is attached as to cause them to float on the liquid, while the other constituents are not floated (e.g. bubbles are caused to attach to some components of a material or mixture of solid materials and not to others, the components to which the bubbles are attached being caused thereby to float on the surface of the liquid).
252,	Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252. See subclass 3 , 6.5, 8.05 for fire extinguishing foams, subclasses 8.57, 8.61+, 8.81+, and 8.91+ for various specialized compositions for leather, fur, or textile treating, subclass 61 for froth flotation compositions used in physical separation, subclasses 182.11+ for compositions containing a single reactant or plural reactants specialized or designed for use in subsequent reactions with other materials, but not with each other (e.g., for producing foams).
261,	Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, see subclasses 75+ for devices specially adapted to produce an intimate contact between gases and liquids, digest 26 foam apparatus.
366,	Agitating, subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes agitation and injection of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 279+ for apparatus with rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam, and cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making foam or lather. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic).
422,	Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the surface of the liquid.
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 43+ for effervescent or pressurized fluid containing composition, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants (i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art recognized as such.
426,	Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclass 329 wherein a food foam is protected against deterioration, or wherein a food is protected against undesirable foam formation by contact with a change inhibiting chemical agent other than an antioxygen agent, subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 564+ for foam or foamable type), subclass 519 for processes including mixing or agitating, e.g., homogenizing.
428,	Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 158+ for a structurally defined web or sheet which includes variation in thickness and is composed of foamed or cellular layer (e.g., polyurethane, rubber), subclasses 304.4+ for web or sheet containing a structurally defined element or component and two or more components at least one of which has voids (e.g., porous, cellular, microvoids).
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection FOR184 formethod of using genetically engineered cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup.
446,	Amusement Devices: Toys, subclasses 15+ for bubble producing toys.
501,	Compositions: Ceramic, subclass 39 for glass or glass forming compositions which are pore forming, subclasses 80+ for other (non-glass or -glass forming) compositions which are pore-forming ceramic compositions.
504,	Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for such use.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 102 for earth boring compositions which may contain foam, subclass 202 for well treating compositions which may contain foam.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to foam colloid systems: subclass 117 for composition for cleaning removable dentures which is gas generating (e.g., effervescent), subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 135 for high-foaming bath (e.g., bubble bath)), subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclass 317 for suds regulating component and peroxy component containing), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)).
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, cross-reference art collection 945 for subject matter involving a foam and containing specified ingredients to form said foam.
521,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclasses 50+ for cellular products or processes of preparing a cellular product, e.g., foams, pores, channels, such as solid foams.

11	.. With particulate solid:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a particulate solid.

(1) Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time sufficient for its intended use.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclass 60.11 for determining cleaning or foaming ability).

12	.. The agent contains organic compound containing halogen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains halogen. d (1) d ( ) Note. Halogen may be ionic or covalent or complex. d (2) d ( ) Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time sufficient for its intended use. This subclass is not the proper location for foam colloid systems in which the only halogen containing compound is the propellant and/or gas phase.

(1) Note. Halogen may be ionic or covalent or complex.

(2) Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time sufficient for its intended use. This subclass is not the proper location for foam colloid systems in which the only halogen containing compound is the propellant and/or gas phase.

13	.. The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus or silicon:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains silicon or Phosphorus.

(1) Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time sufficient for its intended use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
23,	for a similar silicon containing colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
24,	for a similar phosphorus containing colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
38,	for a similar silicon containing subject matter (unless provided by an indented subclass of specifically provided for organic* compounds) used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsions.
40,	for a similar phosphorus containing colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
55,	for a similar silicon containing colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase.
56+,	for a similar phosphorus containing colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

14	*.. The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy:**

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*.

(1) Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time sufficient for its intended use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
25,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
41+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
58+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

15	.. The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

(2) Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time sufficient for its intended use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
27,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
43+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
67+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

16	... The compound contains plural peptide linkages, i.e., compound formed from amino acids, natural or synthetic, by reaction of a carboxly group of one such amino acid with an amino group of another same or different such amino acid:

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen contains 2 or more peptide linkages, i.e., compound formed from natural or synthetic amino acids.

(1) Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time sufficient for its intended use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
27,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
44,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
70,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

435,

Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection FOR 184 for method of using gentically engineered cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup.

17	... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

(2) Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time sufficient for its intended use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
27,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
45,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
71,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

18	.. The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains oxygen.

(1) Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time sufficient for its intended use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
46+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
72+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

19	... The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains the -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.

(1) Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

(2) Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time sufficient for its intended use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
47+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
72+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

20	. Primarily organic continuous liquid phase (e.g., organic liquid emulsified in an organic liquid):

This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a primarily organic* continuous liquid phase, such as organic* liquid emulsified in an organic* liquid.

(1) Note. "Primarily organic*" means that 50% or more of that liquid phase is organic* material*, by weight, volume, or molecule.

(2) Note. Oil-in-oil colloid systems are proper for this subclass, there being no indented subclass providing for this subject matter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

9,	for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*.
10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam.
21+,	for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid, such as water-in-oil emulsions.
31+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions or dispersions).
32,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase.
38+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon.
53+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily nonbituminous solid.
901,	for a collection of art related to colloid systems of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black, lamp black, fullerenes.
905+,	for a collection of art under the class definition which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

60,	Power Plants, subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion, or suspension.
73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.44+ for determining content or effect of a constituent of a mixture of plural liquids (e.g., multiphase liquid), subclasses 61.63+ for determining settling ability of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses 71.71+ for determining content or effect of a solid component (e.g., particles) constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses 64.41+ for a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)).
106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions, which are not elsewhere classified.
138,	Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclasses 40+ for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow restrictor.
205,	Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclasses 334+ for processes or compositions for the preparation of chemical compounds or of elements by means of electrolytic action (especially subclass 352 for processes wherein an emulsion, dispersion, or suspension is utilized as the electrolyte or bath, subclass 353 for processes wherein an electrolyte system having two or more separate, immiscible layers are utilized).
210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 634+ for liquid/liquid solvent or colloid dispersion extraction.
366,	Agitating, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic).
422,	Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the surface of the liquid.
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclass 455 for a capsule which contains an emulsion, dispersion, or solution, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants (i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art recognized as such, subclasses 278.1+ for a claimed particular emulsifier for a nonspecific immunoeffector.
426,	Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 602+ for an aqueous emulsion in a composition having fat or oil basic ingredient other than butter in emulsion form, subclass 654 for stabilizing or preserving agent or emulsifier other than organophosphatide), subclass 519 for processes including mixing or agitating, e.g., homogenizing.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion, for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, subclass 493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process of making.
504,	Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for such use.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces which may be oil-in-oil emulsions. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to emulsion colloid systems include: subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 158 for cream, paste, or gel), subclasses 221+ for liquid, paste, or gel composition used in automatic dishwasher, subclass 242 for liquid composition (e.g., emulsion) for removing foreign matter from surface carrying a protective or ornamental coating, finish, or adhesively attached covering (e.g., from painted or papered wall, automobile body), subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclass 280 for gel or liquid composition for cleaning pile fabric or upholstery (e.g., carpet, rug), subclass 336 for gel, cream, or paste, subclasses 337+ for liquid compositions (e.g., slurry) which may be colloid systems), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste, or gel cleaning composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses 405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants (particularly subclass 417 for plural immiscible liquid phases (e.g., emulsion, oily and aqueous layers)), subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste).
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient (particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion or emulsion).
520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the 520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion therewith, or product thereof, cross-reference art collection 923 for subject matter involving treating or preparing nonaqueous dispersions or emulsions of solid polymer or SICP.

21	.. Discontinuous phase primarily inorganic liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion, w/o):

This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a primarily organic* continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous primarily inorganic* liquid, such as water-in-oil emulsion.

(1) Note. "Primarily inorganic*" means that 50% or more of the discontinuous liquid phase is inorganic*, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

9,	for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*.
10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam.
20,	for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase.
31+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions or dispersions).
32,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase.
38+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon.
53+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily nonbituminous solid.
901,	for a collection of art related to colloid systems of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black, lamp black, fullerenes.
905+,	for a collection of art under the class definition which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

44,	Fuel and Related Compositions, subclasses 301+ for liquid fuels comprising an emulsion, such as water-gasoline emulsions or microemulsions.
60,	Power Plants, subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion, or suspension.
73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.44+ for determining content or effect of a constituent of a mixture of plural liquids (e.g., multiphase liquid)).
106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions, which are not elsewhere classified.
138,	Pipes and Tubular Conduits, See subclasses 40+ for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow restrictor.
210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 634+ for liquid/liquid solvent or colloid dispersion extraction.
252,	Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252. See subclasses 610+ for fire retarding compositions in the form of dispersion or colloid system, subclasses 8.57, 8.61+, 8.81+, and 8.91+ for various specialized compositions for leather, fur, or textile treating.
366,	Agitating, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic).
422,	Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the surface of the liquid.
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclass 455 for a capsule which contains an emulsion, dispersion, or solution, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants (i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art recognized as such, subclasses 278.1+ for a claimed particular emulsifier for a nonspecific immunoeffector.
426,	Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 602+ for an aqueous emulsion in a composition having fat or oil basic ingredient other than butter in emulsion form, subclass 654 for stabilizing or preserving agent or emulsifier other than organophosphatide), subclass 519 for processes including mixing or agitating, e.g., homogenizing.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion, for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, subclass 493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process of making.
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection FOR 184 for method of using gentically engineered cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup.
504,	Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for such use.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents.
508,	Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of water-in-oil emulsions. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces which may be water-in-oil emulsions. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to emulsion colloid systems include: subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 158 for cream, paste, or gel), subclasses 221+ for liquid, paste, or gel composition used in automatic dishwasher, subclass 242 for liquid composition (e.g., emulsion) for removing foreign matter from surface carrying a protective or ornamental coating, finish, or adhesively attached covering (e.g., from painted or papered wall, automobile body), subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclass 280 for gel or liquid composition for cleaning pile fabric or upholstery (e.g., carpet, rug), subclass 336 for gel, cream, or paste, subclasses 337+ for liquid compositions (e.g., slurry) which may be colloid systems), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste, or gel cleaning composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses 405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants (particularly subclass 417 for plural immiscible liquid phases (e.g., emulsion, oily and aqueous layers)), subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste).
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient (particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion or emulsion).
520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the 520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion therewith, or product thereof.

22	... Three or more phases (e.g., w/o emulsion also containing solid particle suspension):

This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains three or more phases of matter, for example a water-in-oil emulsion further containing solid particulates, colloid-sized or otherwise.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

54,	for emulsions containing three or more liquid phases where the outermost continuous phase is aqueous.

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73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.44+ for determining content or effect of a constituent of a mixture of plural liquids (e.g., multiphase liquid)).
106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions, which are not elsewhere classified.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion, for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, and subclass 493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process of making.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents.
508,	Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of water-in-oil emulsions. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion therewith, or product thereof, subclass 801 for process of preparing water-in-oil emulsion or dispersion, or product thereof.

23	... The agent contains organic compound containing silicon:

This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains silicon.

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13,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion.
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
38,	for a similar subject matter (unless provided by an indented subclass of specifically provided for organic* compounds) used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsions.
55,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

24	... The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus (e.g. lecithin):

This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains phosphorus.

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13,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
40,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
56+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

25	*... The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy:**

This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*.

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14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
41+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
58+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

26	.... The organic compound contains nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+:

This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter in which said organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

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14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
41+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
59+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

27	... The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+:

This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

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15+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
43+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
67+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection FOR184 for method of using genetically engineered cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup.

28	... The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains oxygen.

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18+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
46+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
72+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

29	.... The compound contains -C(=O)O- (e.g., glyceride):

This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen contains -C(=O)O- (e.g., glyceride).

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18+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
46+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
72+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

30	.... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

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18+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
46+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
72+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

31	.. Discontinuous phase material primarily solid or semisolid (e.g., colloid dispersion of gel particles, or paraffin wax, or polytetrafluoroethylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter in which the colloid system comprises primarily organic* continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous phase of primarily solid or semisolid material*.

(1) Note. "Primarily solid or semisolid" means that 50% or more of the discontinuous phase is solid or semisolid or both, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom.

(2) Note. Organosols*, which are proper for this and indented subclasses, may be an intermediate material* in making aquasols, which are proper for lower in this class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

9,	for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*.
10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam, especially subclass 11 for such systems containing particulate solid.
20,	for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase.
21+,	for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid, such as water-in-oil emulsions.
32,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase.
38+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon.
53+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily nonbituminous solid.
78+,	for aquasols.
901,	for a collection of art related to colloid systems of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black, lamp black, Fullerenes.
905+,	for a collection of art under the class definition which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

44,	Fuel and Related Compositions, subclasses 280+ for solid carbonaceous fuel dispersed in a liquid medium, such as dispersed coal.
60,	Power Plants, subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion, or suspension.
65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.
73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.63+ for determining settling ability of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses 71.71+ for determining content or effect of a solid component (e.g., particles) constituent of a liquid mixture, and subclasses 64.41+ for a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)).
106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions, which are not elsewhere classified.
162,	Paper Making and Fiber Liberation., See subclasses 1+ for processes of liberation (especially subclasses 70+ for compositions specifically employed in or intended to be employed in the Class provided for processes).
205,	Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 74 for the reproduction or formation of powder, flakes, or colloid-sized particles by electrodeposition in which the deposit does not remain with the base upon which deposition is made and compositions therefor, subclasses 334+ for processes or compositions for the preparation of chemical compounds or of elements by means of electrolytic action (especially subclass 352 for processes wherein an emulsion, dispersion, or suspension is utilized as the electrolyte or bath, and subclass 353 for processes wherein an electrolyte system having two or more separate, immiscible layers are utilized).
209,	Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated (this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation of some components from others).
241,	Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclasses 15+ (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, and subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, whether such suspensions be disclosed as colloidal or not.
252,	Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252. See subclasses 186.1+ for compositions for bleaching by oxidation, or in other oxidation of extraneous substances, or in generating oxygen, subclass 363.5 for finely divided solids combined with an agent to facilitate dispersion, subclasses 610+ for fire retarding compositions in the form of dispersion or colloid system, and subclasses 634+ for radioactive compositions in the form of sol solution or gel.
366,	Agitating, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, and cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic).
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclass 455 for a capsule which contains an emulsion, dispersion, or solution, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants (i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art recognized as such.
504,	Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for such use.
505,	Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process, subclass 165 for system, device, or component utilizing suspension of superconducting particulate material in liquid (e.g., seal, pump, etc.).
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces which may be dispersions or suspensions of solid or semi-solid material in organic liquid phase. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to dispersion or suspension colloid systems (e.g., slurry) include: subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 139 for particulate containing which may be colloid-sized), subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclasses 337+ for liquid compositions (e.g., slurry) which may be colloid systems), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclasses 368+ for with scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., abrasive, slurry), subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses 405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants (particularly subclass 418 for liquid and solid phases (e.g., suspension, slurry)), and subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste).
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), and cross-reference art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient (particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion or emulsion).
520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the 520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion therewith, or product thereof, cross-reference art collection 923 for subject matter involving treating or preparing nonaqueous dispersions or emulsions of solid polymer or SICP.

32	... The material primarily contains elemental carbon (e.g., graphite, diamond):

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter in which the discontinuous phase material* is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond.

(1) Note. "Primarily contains elemental carbon" means that 50% or more of the material* is elemental carbon, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

38+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon.
901,	for a collection of art related to colloid systems of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black, lamp black, fullerenes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

44,	Fuel and Related Compositions, for compositions to be used either as a fuel or as a carbonaceous reductant, subclasses 280+ for solid carbonaceous fuel dispersed in a liquid medium.
241,	Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclasses 15+ (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, and subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, whether such suspensions be disclosed as colloidal or not.
423,	Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclasses 445+ for products or processes of making same wherein the product is free carbon in substantially pure form, such as, diamond, fullerenes.
502,	Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support therefor: Product or Process of Making, subclasses 416+ , for sorbent compositions which are free carbon containing; the term "activated carbon" will be construed as indicating a composition comprising carbon and unidentified components, functioning as a sorbent for this Class.
508,	Solid Anti-Friction Device, Materials Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, subclasses 113+ for lubricants containing graphite, coal, or elemental carbon which may be colloid-sized dispersion. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.

33	... The material primarily contains inorganic material (e.g., chrome yellow, sodium nitrite):

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter in which the discontinuous phase material* is primarily inorganic* material*, such as chrome yellow, or sodium nitrite.

(1) Note. "Primarily contains inorganic* material*" means that 50% or more is inorganic* material*, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

78+,	for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid which is primarily inorganic* material*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

51,	Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, appropriate subclasses for materials, compositions, colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods designed for an abrading purpose.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion, for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, and subclass 493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process of making.
505,	Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process, subclass 165 for system, device, or component utilizing suspension of superconducting particulate material in liquid (e.g., seal, pump, etc.).
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces which may be dispersions or suspensions of solid or semi-solid material in organic liquid phase. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to dispersion or suspension colloid systems (e.g., slurry) include: subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 139 for particulate containing which may be colloid-sized), subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclasses 337+ for liquid compositions (e.g., slurry) which may be colloid systems), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclasses 368+ for with scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., abrasive, slurry), subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses 405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants (particularly subclass 418 for liquid and solid phases (e.g., suspension, slurry)), and subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste).

34	.... The inorganic material primarily contains compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, or both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof (e.g., silica (SiO 2) organosol, silica alcosol, talc, clay):

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter in which the inorganic* material* primarily contains one or more compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, or both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica (SiO 2) organosol*, silica alcosol, talc, or clay.

(1) Note. "Primarily contains" means that 50% or more of the inorganic* material* is one or more compounds, taken together, containing both silicon and oxygen, or both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, by weight, volume, or molecule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

79+,	for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid inorganic* material* which is primarily a material* which contains silicon covalently bonded to oxygen, such as, aluminum silicate, clay.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

51,	Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, appropriate subclasses for materials, compositions, colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods designed for an abrading purpose.
65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents.
508,	Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems, see subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.

35	.... The inorganic material primarily contains elemental alkali metal or primarily contains an alloy which primarily contains elemental alkali metal (e.g., sodium):

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter in which the inorganic* material* primarily contains elemental alkali metal or primarily contains an alloy which primarily contains elemental alkali metal, such as sodium.

(1) Note. "Primarily contains" means that 50% or more of the inorganic* material* is elemental alkali metal or metals or 50% or more of the inorganic* material* is an alloy which is 50% or more elemental alkali metal or metals, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

78+,	for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid which is primarily inorganic* material*.

36	.... The inorganic material primarily contains antimony oxide:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter in which the inorganic* material* primarily contains one or more Antimony oxides.

(1) Note. "Primarily contains antimony oxide" means that 50% or more of the inorganic* material* is one or more antimony oxides, taken together, by weight, volume, or molecule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

78+,	for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid which is primarily inorganic* material*.

37	.... The inorganic material primarily contains elemental sulfur:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter in which the inorganic* material* primarily contains elemental sulfur.

(1) Note. "Primarily contains elemental sulfur" means that 50% or more of the inorganic* material* is elemental sulfur, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

78+,	for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid which is primarily inorganic* material*.

38	. Aqueous continuous liquid phase and discontinuous phase primarily bituminous (e.g., asphalt, pitch, tar, montan wax, paraffin wax), or coal, or elemental carbon:

This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a aqueous continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous phase which is primarily bituminous (e.g., asphalt, pitch, tar, or paraffin wax), or coal, or elemental carbon, i.e., water based suspensions or dispersions.

(1) Note. Some early twentieth century patents claim emulsions of bituminous material in water and do not disclose the emulsifying agent*. Such generic disclosure patents are placed in this subclass.

(2) Note. Bituminous material* includes solid or semi-solid hydrocarbon such as asphalt, pitch, tar, or paraffin wax.

(3) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

9,	for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*.
10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam.
20,	for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase.
21+,	for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid, such as water-in-oil emulsions.
31+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions or dispersions).
32,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase.
53+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily nonbituminous solid.
901,	for a collection of art related to colloid systems of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black, lamp black, fullerenes.
905+,	for a collection of art under the class definition which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

44,	Fuel and Related Compositions, for compositions to be used either as a fuel or as a carbonaceous reductant, and subclasses 280+ for solid carbonaceous fuel dispersed in a liquid medium.
73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.63+ for determining settling ability of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses 71.71+ for determining content or effect of a solid component (e.g., particles) constituent of a liquid mixture, and subclasses 64.41+ for a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)).
106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which are not elsewhere classified. See subclass 271 for dispersions of paraffin wax in water which contain more than just the material necessary to produce or stabilize the dispersion, subclass 277 for bituminous emulsions which contain more than just those components necessary to form or stabilize the emulsion, and subclass 278 for bituminous dispersions which contain more than just those components necessary to form or stabilize the emulsion. The line between Class 106 and Class 516 in regard to bituminous emulsions is as follows: Processes of preparing bituminous emulsions and the emulsions so produced are placed in Class 516 even though the emulsions have utility as coating or plastic compositions, unless the emulsions claimed contain ingredients over and above those necessary for the preparation or maintenance (stabilization) of the colloid system, such as, for example, cementatious material, pigments, fillers, or aggregates.
138,	Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclasses 40+ for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow restrictor.
209,	Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated (this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation of some components from others).
241,	Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclasses 15+ (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, and subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, whether such suspensions be disclosed as colloidal or not.
366,	Agitating, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, and subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for nonspecified use compositions (generic).
423,	Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclasses 445+ for products or processes of making same wherein the product is free carbon in substantially pure form, such as, diamond, fullerenes.
502,	Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support therefor: Product or Process of Making, subclasses 416+ , for sorbent compositions which are free carbon containing; the term "activated carbon" will be construed as indicating a composition comprising carbon and unidentified components, functioning as a sorbent for this class.
504,	Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for such use.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants).
508,	Solid Anti-Friction Device, Materials Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, subclasses 113+ for lubricants containing graphite, coal, or elemental carbon which may be colloid-sized dispersion. This Class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic).
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient (particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion or emulsion).

39	.. The agent is formed in situ from native precursor by adding inorganic alkaline material (e.g., NaOH or TSP added to in situ acid):

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a colloid system making or stabilizing agent*, which is formed in situ from at least one native precursor by adding inorganic* alkaline material* to the colloid system or a precursor of it, such as adding NaOH or TSP (trisodium phosphate) to a natively present acid.

(1) Note. "Native precursor" means a precursor or reactant which is present in the starting material* as derived, as contrasted with a precursor or reactant which is added. Thus, impurities of crude oil are native to the oil, and the use of one or more of them by causing reaction with an added inorganic alkaline material* to form a product which is an agent* for making or stabilizing a colloid system (e.g., oil-in-water) is proper for placement in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
46+,	for colloid systems with agents* of similar chemical structure which are not formed in situ from native precursor (e.g., formed from added, nonbituminous source (non-native) organic* compound containing carboxyl, ester, or hydroxy group, reacted with an inorganic* alkaline agent).
72+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.
927,	for a collection of art which discloses an operation or a step of an in situ formation of colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which includes a chemical reaction.

40	.. The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus:

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains phosphorus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

13,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
24,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
56+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

41	*.. The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy:**

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*.

(1) Note. Thios, thioethers, and other non-oxygenated sulfur groups are not provided for here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
25,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
58+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

42	... The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof:

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.

(1) Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
25,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
59+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase, when the compound also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
63,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase, when the agent* compound also contains carboxylic acid ester.
64,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase (except those compounds also having a nitrogen (except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+) which are in subclass 59+, or a carboxylic acid ester group, which are in subclass 63).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

43	.. The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+:

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
27,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
67+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

44	... The compound contains plural peptide linkages, i.e., compound formed from amino acids, natural or synthetic, by reaction of a carboxyl group of one such amino acid with an amino group of another same or different such amino acid:

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen contains 2 or more peptide linkages, i.e., compound formed from natural or synthetic amino acids, such as casein, or glue.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

16,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
27,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
70,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

435,

Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection FOR184 formethod of using genetically engineered cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup.

45	... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen contains also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
27,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
67+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

46	.. The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains oxygen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
72+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

47	... The compound contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof (e.g., soap, rosin, fatty acid):

This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen contains carboxylic acid group or salt thereof, such as soap, rosin, or fatty acids.

(1) Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

19,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
72+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

530,

Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like proteins. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include subclasses 200+ for natural resin derivatives which are not pure compounds, and processes of treating natural resins or derivatives (e.g., wood, gum, and tall oil rosin; wood or pine tar or pitch; shellac; copals from various sources, both recent and fossil, such as Congo, Manila, etc.; amber; dammar; kauri; coal resin; gum accroides; sandarac; cativo resin).

48	.... Inorganic alkaline reactant is added in a separate step:

This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter in which an inorganic* alkaline reactant is added in a separate step.

(1) Note. An example of the type of process (or composition) found in this subclass is the sequential addition of rosin and then NaOH or TSP.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

19,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
72+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

530,

Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like proteins. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include subclasses 200+ for natural resin derivatives which are not pure compounds, and processes of treating natural resins or derivatives (e.g., wood, gum, and tall oil rosin; wood or pine tar or pitch; shellac; copals from various sources, both recent and fossil, such as Congo, Manila, etc.; amber; dammar; kauri; coal resin; gum accroides; sandarac; cativo resin).

49	..... With added solid nonbituminous particulate:

This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter in which a solid, nonbituminous particulate is added to the colloid system.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

19,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
72+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

50	... With added solid nonbituminous particulate:

This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter in which a solid, nonbituminous particulate is added to the colloid system.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

19,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
72+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

508,

Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems, see subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.

51	... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter in which organic* compound containing oxygen contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
72+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

52	.. The agent contains specified solid nonbituminous particulate (e.g., clay):

This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains a specified solid, nonbituminous particulate material*, such as clay.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

508,

Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems, see subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.

53	*. Aqueous continuous liquid phase and discontinuous phase primarily organic liquid (e.g., organosilicon oil- or mineral-oil-in-water, o/w emulsion):*

This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a aqueous continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous phase which is primarily organic* liquid, such as organosilicon* oil- or mineral-oil*-in-water, o/w emulsion.

(1) Note. Primarily organic* means that 50% or more of that liquid phase is organic* material*, by weight, volume, or molecule.

(2) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

(3) Note. See this class definition, in Section II, LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection C., Guidelines for OR (Original Reference) and XR (Cross Reference) Placement, hereinabove, for explanation of placement requirements for references. A generically claimed colloid system or making composition which is not provided for in the USPCS, requires an XR herein. Further, the placement of any generic claim must be premised on that generic disclosure rather than upon a specific use for which a classification is already made elsewhere (such as those classes which provide for solely disclosed subject matter). For example, a surfactant mixture solely disclosed as an aqueous phase laundry cleaning agent (which is inferred to define an oil-in-water system) and generically described as useful for surfactant uses or other such broad language which does not afford determination of or limitation to a specific continuous phase is placed in this subclass because no continuous phase is specified. If the broad language does specify the continuous and/or discontinuous phase so as to satisfy an indented subclass area, then and only then placement is made therein; multiple placements made be required in the case of generic and subgeneric type disclosures. In summation, users of this class schedule should locate all broadly defined liquid phase surfactants in this subclass if the continuous phase is generic.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

9,	for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*.
10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam.
20,	for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase.
21+,	for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid, such as water-in-oil emulsions.
31+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions or dispersions).
32,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase.
38+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon.
77+,	for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily nonbituminous solid.
901,	for a collection of art related to colloid systems of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black, lamp black, fullerenes.
905+,	for a collection of art under the class definition which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

44,	Fuel and Related Compositions, subclasses 301+ for liquid fuels comprising an emulsion, such as water-gasoline emulsions or microemulsions.
60,	Power Plants, subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion, or suspension.
73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.44+ for determining content or effect of a constituent of a mixture of plural liquids (e.g., multiphase liquid)).
106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions, which are not elsewhere classified.
137,	Fluid Handling, subclass 13 for processes in which flow of fluent material is facilitated by the addition of material which affects the flow characteristics of the fluent material (e.g., suspending agent, viscosity reducing agent), or by the application of heat or other forms of energy.
138,	Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclasses 40+ for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow restrictor.
205,	Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclasses 334+ for processes or compositions for the preparation of chemical compounds or of elements by means of electrolytic action (especially subclass 352 for processes wherein an emulsion, dispersion, or suspension is utilized as the electrolyte or bath, subclass 353 for processes wherein an electrolyte system having two or more separate, immiscible layers are utilized), subclass 699 for processes in which the material is organic which contains (a) a natural or synthetic elastic polymer commonly known as rubber (e.g., caoutchouc, neoprene, etc.) or (b) a dispersion or emulsion of a natural or synthetic elastic polymer in water commonly known as latex.
210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 634+ for liquid/liquid solvent or colloid dispersion extraction.
252,	Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252.
366,	Agitating, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, and subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic).
422,	Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the surface of the liquid.
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclass 455 for a capsule which contains an emulsion, dispersion, or solution, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants (i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art recognized as such, and subclasses 278.1+ for a claimed particular emulsifier for a nonspecific immunoeffector.
426,	Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 602+ for an aqueous emulsion in a composition having fat or oil basic ingredient other than butter in emulsion form, subclass 654 for stabilizing or preserving agent or emulsifier other than organophosphatide), and subclass 519 for processes including mixing or agitating, e.g., homogenizing.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion, for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, and subclass 493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process of making.
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection FOR 184 for method of using gentically engineered cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup.
504,	Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for such use.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents.
508,	Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of oil-in-water emulsions. This Class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces which may be oil-in-water emulsion. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to oil-in-water emulsion colloid systems include: subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 158 for cream, paste, or gel), subclasses 221+ for liquid, paste, or gel composition used in automatic dishwasher, subclass 242 for liquid composition (e.g., emulsion) for removing foreign matter from surface carrying a protective or ornamental coating, finish, or adhesively attached covering (e.g., from painted or papered wall, automobile body), subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclass 280 for gel or liquid composition for cleaning pile fabric or upholstery (e.g., carpet, rug), subclass 336 for gel, cream, or paste, subclasses 337+ for liquid compositions), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste, or gel cleaning composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses 405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants (particularly subclass 417 for plural immiscible liquid phases (e.g., emulsion, oily and aqueous layers)), subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste).
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient (particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion or emulsion).
520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the 520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion therewith, or product thereof.
528,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for coagulating).

54	.. Three or more liquid phases (e.g., water-in-oil-in-water, w/o/w emulsion):

This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains three or more liquid phases of matter, such as water-in-oil-in-water emulsions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

22,	for a similar colloid system containing organic-in-water-in-organic.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.44+ for determining content or effect of a constituent of a mixture of plural liquids (e.g., multiphase liquid)).
210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 634+ for liquid/liquid solvent or colloid dispersion extraction.
366,	Agitating, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, and subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for nonspecified use compositions (generic).
422,	Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the surface of the liquid.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion, for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, and subclass 493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process of making.
504,	Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for such use.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion therewith, or product thereof, subclass 801 for process of preparing water-in-oil emulsion or dispersion, or product thereof.

55	.. The agent contains organic compound containing silicon:

This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains silicon.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

13,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
23,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
38,	for a similar subject matter (unless provided by an indented subclass of specifically provided for organic* compounds) used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsions.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

56	.. The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus (e.g. lecithin):

This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains phosphorus, such as lecithin.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

13,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
24,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
40,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

57	... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains phosphorus contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

13,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
24,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
40,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

58	*.. The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*, such as sodium lauryl sulfate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
25,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
41+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

59	... The compound contains nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+ (e.g., isopropylammonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate):

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter in which the organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+, such as isopropylammonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

(1) Note. Organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also containing nitrogen does include organic* ammonium salts of inorganic* sulfate anion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
26,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
41+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

60	.... The nitrogen is a ring member:

This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter in which the nitrogen containing organic* compound contains a ring structure which includes nitrogen.

(1) Note: In order to be considered a ring, nonionic bonding must exist between all ring members. Inner salt compounds such as betaines, sulfobetaines, etc., wherein two ring members are attached to each other by ionic bonding, are not regarded as rings for purposes of this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
26,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
41+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

61	.... The compound contains -S(O 2)NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter in which the nitrogen containing organic* compound contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
26,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
41+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

62	.... The compound contains -C(=O)NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter in which the nitrogen containing organic* compound contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
26,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
41+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

63	... The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group (e.g., partial ester, mixed ester):

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter in which the organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains carboxylic acid ester group, such as, partial ester, mixed esters.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
25,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
41+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

64	... The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof:

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter in which the organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.

(1) Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
25,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
42,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

65	*... The compound is mineral-oil sulfonic acid (e.g., mahogany* or green* acid):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter in which the organic* compound containing sulfoxy* is mineral-oil* sulfonic acid, such as, mahogany* or green* acid(s).

(1) Note. Mineral-oil* sulfonic acid results from mineral-oil* which has been sulfonated, e.g., by sulfuric acid. Mahogany* acid is the oil-soluble fraction of sulfonation of petroleum* oil; green* acid is the oil-insoluble fraction of sulfonation of petroleum* oil.

(2) Note. A substantially pure hydrocarbon is not a mineral-oil*, hence the sulfonation product of such does not constitute an agent* for colloid system making or stabilizing for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
25,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
41+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

66	... The compound contains substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring (e.g., di-butyl-naphthalene sulfonic acid):

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter in which the organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, such as, di-butyl-naphthalene sulfonic acid. (1) Note. The agent* may be a mixture of sulfonated benzene ring containing compounds. However, if the feedstock for sulfonation was a mineral-oil* (see glossary definition) then the subject matter is located above.

(1) Note. The agent* may be a mixture of sulfonated benzene ring containing compounds. However, if the feedstock for sulfonation was a mineral-oil* (see glossary definition) then the subject matter is located above.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

14,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
25,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
41+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

67	.. The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+:

This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
27,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
43+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
59+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which includes sulfoxy*.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

68	... The nitrogen is a ring member (e.g., polyisocyanurate):

This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen contains the nitrogen in a ring structure, such as polyisocyanurate.

(1) Note: In order to be considered a ring, nonionic bonding must exist between all ring members. Inner salt compounds such as betaines, sulfobetaines, etc., wherein two ring members are attached to each other by ionic bonding, are not regarded as rings for purposes of this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
27,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
43+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
60,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which includes sulfoxy*.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

435,

Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection FOR 184 for method of using gentically engineered cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup.

69	... The compound contains -C(=O)NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen contains the -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
27,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
43+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
60,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which includes sulfoxy*.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

70	.... The compound contains plural peptide linkages, i.e., compound formed from amino acids, natural or synthetic, by reaction of a carboxyl group of one such amino acid with an amino group of another same or different such amino acid:

This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen contains 2 or more peptide linkages, i.e., compound formed from amino acids, whether natural or synthetic, such as, soya protein, gelatin.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

16,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
27,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
44,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
60,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which includes sulfoxy*.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

71	... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

17,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
27,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
45,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
60,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which includes sulfoxy*.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

72	.. The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains an organic* compound which contains oxygen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
46+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

73	... The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group (e.g., partial ester, natural (glyceride) oil):

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen contains carboxylic acid ester group, such as partial esters, natural (glyceride) oils.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
46+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

74	.... The carboxylic acid ester group containing compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains carboxylic acid ester group contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
46+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

75	... The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof (e.g., alkali metal soap):

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof, such as, alkali metal soap. d (1) d ( ) Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (represented by -C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

(1) Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (represented by -C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
46+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

76	... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in foam colloid system.
20,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil emulsion).
28+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion).
31+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid.
39,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* where the organic* compound which contains oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline agent.
46+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion.
77+,	for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase primarily (nonbituminous) solid.

77	. Aqueous continuous liquid phase and discontinuous phase primarily solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, or certain sols*, of natural or synthetic ester-wax, beeswax, carnauba wax; or latex dispersion):

This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a aqueous continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous phase which is primarily solid, such as, water based suspensions, dispersions, or certain sols* of natural or synthetic ester-wax, beeswax, carnauba wax, or latex dispersion).

(1) Note. "Primarily solid" means that 50% or more of the discontinuous phase is solid material*, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom.

(2) Note. This is the residual subclass for gel particle dispersion since no indented subclass provides for this subject matter.

(3) Note. This is the residual subclass for dispersion of solid primarily organic* material* since no indented subclass provides for this subject matter.

(4) Note. Dispersion agent* composition intended for dispersing colloid-sized solid polyurethane into aqueous continuous phase, either alone or combined with said polyurethane (but absent said continuous aqueous phase), is proper for this subclass since no indented subclass provides for this subject matter. See class definition note (4) herein above.

(5) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

9,	for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*.
10+,	for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam.
20,	for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase.
21+,	for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid, such as water-in-oil emulsions.
31+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions or dispersions).
32,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase.
38+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon.
53+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily organic* liquid.
901,	for a collection of art related to colloid systems of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black, lamp black, Fullerenes.
905+,	for a collection of art under the class definition which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

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60,	Power Plants, subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion, or suspension.
62,	Refrigeration, subclass 54.1 for process or apparatus for storing a cryogen as a mixture of diverse phases, such as, a gel or colloid suspension.
73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.63+ for determining settling ability of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses 71.71+ for determining content or effect of a solid component (e.g., particles) constituent of a liquid mixture, and subclasses 64.41+ for a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)).
106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions, which are not elsewhere classified. See subclass 646 for inorganic settable composition containing protein which sets or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions, usually forming a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular, hollow, or porous material.
137,	Fluid Handling, subclass 13 for processes in which flow of fluent material is facilitated by the addition of material which affects the flow characteristics of the fluent material (e.g., suspending agent, viscosity reducing agent), or by the application of heat or other forms of energy.
162,	Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclasses 1+ for processes of liberation (especially subclasses 70+ for compositions specifically employed in or intended to be employed in the class provided for processes).
205,	Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 74 for the reproduction or formation of powder, flakes, or colloid-sized particles by electrodeposition in which the deposit does not remain with the base upon which deposition is made and compositions therefor, subclasses 334+ for processes or compositions for the preparation of chemical compounds or of elements by means of electrolytic action (especially subclass 352 for processes wherein an emulsion, dispersion, or suspension is utilized as the electrolyte or bath, and subclass 353 for processes wherein an electrolyte system having two or more separate, immiscible layers are utilized).
209,	Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated (this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation of some components from others).
241,	Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclasses 15+ (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, and subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, whether such suspensions be disclosed as colloidal or not.
252,	Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252. See subclasses 186.1+ for compositions for bleaching by oxidation, or in other oxidation of extraneous substances, or in generating oxygen, subclass 363.5 for finely divided solids combined with an agent to facilitate dispersion, subclasses 610+ for fire retarding compositions in the form of dispersion or colloid system, and subclasses 634+ for radioactive compositions in the form of sol solution or gel.
366,	Agitating, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic).
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclass 455 for a capsule which contains an emulsion, dispersion, or solution, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants (i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art recognized as such.
504,	Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for such use.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces which may be suspensions or dispersions of solid in aqueous phase (e.g., slurry). Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to suspensions or dispersions of solid in aqueous phase (e.g., slurry) colloid systems include: subclasses 112+ for compositions for cleaning contact lenses (especially subclass 113 for compositions including solid particulate component which may be a colloid system (suspension)), subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 139 for particulate containing which may be colloid-sized), subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclasses 337+ for liquid compositions (e.g., slurry) which may be colloid systems), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclasses 368+ for with scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., abrasive, slurry), subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste, or gel cleaning composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclasses 405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants (particularly subclass 418 for liquid and solid phases (e.g., suspension, slurry)), and subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste).
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient (particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion or emulsion).
520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the 520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion therewith, or product thereof.
528,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for coagulating).
530,	Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like proteins; areas known to have documents related to colloid systems include: subclasses 354+ for gelatin, subclass 356 for collagen, subclasses 360+ for casein or caseinate, subclasses 362+ for albumin, subclasses 370+ for plant or yeast proteins, and subclasses 380+ for blood proteins (particularly 381+for blood coagulation factors and fibrin, e.g., thromboplastin).

78	.. Said solid is primarily inorganic material (e.g., mercurous halide):

This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter in which said primarily solid discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* material*, such as, mercurous halide.

(1) Note. "Primarily inorganic* material*" means that 50% or more of the solid phase is inorganic* material*, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom.

(2) Note. Dispersed mercurous halide is proper for this subclass since no indented subclass provides for this subject matter.

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32,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase.
33+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily inorganic* material*.

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51,	Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, appropriate subclasses for materials, compositions, colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods designed for an abrading purpose.
73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.63+ for determining settling ability of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses 71.71+ for determining content or effect of a solid component (e.g., particles) constituent of a liquid mixture, and subclasses 64.41+ for a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)).
106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which are not elsewhere classified. See subclass 646 for inorganic settable composition containing protein which sets or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions, usually forming a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular, hollow, or porous material.
137,	Fluid Handling, subclass 13 for processes in which flow of fluent material is facilitated by the addition of material which affects the flow characteristics of the fluent material (e.g., suspending agent, viscosity reducing agent), or by the application of heat or other forms of energy.
252,	Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252. See subclasses 186.1+ for compositions for bleaching by oxidation, or in other oxidation of extraneous substances, or in generating oxygen, subclass 363.5 for finely divided solids combined with an agent to facilitate dispersion, subclasses 610+ for fire retarding compositions in the form of dispersion or colloid system, and subclasses 634+ for radioactive compositions in the form of sol solution or gel.
366,	Agitating, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic).
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents.
508,	Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems, see subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces which may be suspensions or dispersions of solid in aqueous phase (e.g., slurry). Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to suspensions or dispersions of solid in aqueous phase (e.g., slurry) colloid systems include: subclasses 112+ for compositions for cleaning contact lenses (especially subclass 113 for compositions including solid particulate component which may be a colloid system (suspension)), subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 139 for particulate containing which may be colloid-sized), subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclasses 337+ for liquid compositions (e.g., slurry) which may be colloid systems), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclasses 368+ for with scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., abrasive, slurry), subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste, or gel cleaning composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclasses 405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants (particularly subclass 418 for liquid and solid phases (e.g., suspension, slurry)), and subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste).

79	... The material primarily contains compound containing silicon covalently bonded to oxygen (e.g., aluminum silicate, clay):

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter in which said solid inorganic* material* primarily contains one or more compounds containing silicon covalently bonded to oxygen, such as, aluminum silicate, clay.

(1) Note. "Primarily contains compound containing silicon covalently bonded to oxygen" means that 50% or more of the inorganic* material*, by weight, volume, or molecule, contains one or more compounds, taken together, containing silicon covalently bonded to oxygen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

34,

for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*, silica alcosol, talc, clay.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents.
508,	Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems, see subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.

80	.... The material is a silica particle having a distinct layer containing non-monovalent metal oxide (e.g., alumina coated silica sol):

This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter in which said solid inorganic* material* is a silica particle which further has a distinct layer containing nonmonovalent metal oxide, such as alumina coated silica sol.

(1) Note. "Nonmonovalent metal" excludes lithium, sodium, potassium, and rubidium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

34,

for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*, silica alcosol, talc, clay.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

65,

Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.

508,

Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems, see subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.

81	.... The material is substantially pure silica sol:

This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter in which said solid inorganic* material* is substantially pure silica sol.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

34,

for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*, silica alcosol, talc, and clay.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

65,

Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.

508,

Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems, see subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.

82	..... The silica is formed or grown by reaction of alkali silicate and non-siliceous inorganic acid (e.g., H 2SO 4):

This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter in which said substantially pure silica is prepared by a reaction of alkali silicate and a non-siliceous inorganic* acid, such as, sulfuric acid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

34,

for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*, silica alcosol, talc, and clay.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.

83	..... Ion exchange step occurs before or during growing or forming the sol:

This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter in which said substantially pure silica is prepared by a process which employs an ion exchange step which occurs before or during growing or forming the sol.

(1) Note. The ion-exchange step does not have to be recited in a claim, the disclosure may be relied upon.

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34,

for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*, silica alcosol, talc, and clay.

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65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.

84	..... Ion-exchange step employed in post-treatment (e.g., purification):

This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter in which said substantially pure silica is prepared by a process which employs an ion exchange step as a post-treatment of the formed silica particles, such as purification of the silica sol.

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34,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*, silica alcosol, talc, and clay.
83,	for a similar process which also employ an ion-exchange step preparatory to or part of growing or forming said silica.

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65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.

85	..... Gel forming step (e.g., peptize):

This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter in which said substantially pure silica is prepared by a process which employs a gel forming step, such as, to peptize the reactants.

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34,

for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*, silica alcosol, talc, clay.

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65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.

86	..... Hydrolysis step or elemental silicon source (e.g., fumed silica):

This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter in which said substantially pure silica is prepared by a process which employs a hydrolysis step or uses an elemental silicon source, such as making fumed silica.

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34,

for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*, silica alcosol, talc, clay.

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65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.

87	..... Having colloid system stabilizing or preserving agent which is organic compound (e.g., deflocculant, antibacterial, esterification of unstable silicasols):

This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter in which said colloid system of discontinuous substantially pure silica in aqueous continuous liquid phase further contains an organic* compound as a colloid system stabilizing or preserving agent*, such as, deflocculant, antibacterial.

(1) Note. Stabilization can be inferred whenever a dispersion containing alcohol is distilled because an esterification reaction will occur, which is known to stabilize colloid systems, such as the aqueous silicasols.

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34,

for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*, silica alcosol, talc, clay.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.

88	... The material primarily contains compound containing both metal and oxygen (e.g., silver nitrate):

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter in which said solid inorganic* material* primarily contains one or more compounds, taken together, containing metal and oxygen, the metal and oxygen being bonded either directly or indirectly to each other, covalently or otherwise, such as silver nitrate.

(1) Note. "Primarily contains compound containing both metal and oxygen" means that 50% or more of the inorganic* material*, by weight, volume, or molecule, contains one or more compounds, taken together, containing both metal and oxygen.

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33+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*.

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505,

Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process, for subject matter involving (a) superconductor technology above 30 K and (b) art collections involving superconductor technology; including apparatus, devices, materials, and processes involving such technology, subclass 165 for system, device, or component utilizing suspension of superconducting particulate material in liquid (e.g., seal, pump, etc.).

89	.... The metal present in the greatest amount is yttrium, scandium, or rare earth (e.g., hydrated ceric dioxide):

This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter in which the metal present in the greatest amount in the total of all compounds containing both metal and oxygen is yttrium, scandium, or rare earth, such as, dispersion of hydrated ceric dioxide.

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33+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*.

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505,

Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process, for subject matter involving (a) superconductor technology above 30 K and (b) art collections involving superconductor technology; including apparatus, devices, materials, and processes involving such technology, subclass 165 for system, device, or component utilizing suspension of superconducting particulate material in liquid (e.g., seal, pump, etc.).

90	.... The metal present in the greatest amount is titanium, zirconium, or hafnium:

This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter in which the metal present in the greatest amount in the total of all compounds containing both metal and oxygen is titanium, zirconium, or hafnium.

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33+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*.

91	.... The metal present in the greatest amount is antimony, bismuth, or arsenic:

This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter in which the metal present in the greatest amount in the total of all compounds containing both metal and oxygen is antimony, bismuth, or arsenic.

(1) Note. Arsenic is considered a metal for purposes of this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

33+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*.

92	.... The metal present in the greatest amount is tin, lead, or germanium (e.g., lead sulfate):

This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter in which the metal present in the greatest amount in the total of all compounds containing both metal and oxygen is tin, lead, or germanium, such as, lead sulfate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

33+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic solid or semisolid material*.

93	.... The metal present in the greatest amount is aluminum:

This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter in which the metal present in the greatest amount in the total of all compounds containing both metal and oxygen is aluminum.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

33+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*.

94	..... The aluminum material is fibrous or elongate:

This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Subject matter in which said aluminum material* is in the form of fibrous or elongate structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

33+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*.

95	.... The metal present in the greatest amount in the compounds is iron, nickel, or cobalt:

This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter in which the metal present in the greatest amount in the total of all compounds containing both metal and oxygen is iron, nickel, or cobalt.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

33+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*.

96	... The material primarily contains elemental selenium, tellurium, or sulfur, or compound thereof (e.g., zinc sulfide):

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter in which said discontinuous solid phase primarily inorganic* material* primarily contains elemental selenium, tellurium, or sulfur, or one or more compounds thereof, such as, zinc sulfide.

(1) Note. "Primarily contains elemental selenium, tellurium, or sulfur, or one or more compounds thereof" means that 50% or more of the solid inorganic* material*, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom, contains elemental selenium, tellurium, or sulfur, or one or more compounds thereof, alone or in combination.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

33+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*.

97	... The material primarily contains elemental platinum group metal, copper, silver, or gold, or compound thereof:

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter in which said discontinuous solid phase primarily inorganic* material* primarily contains elemental platinum group metal, copper, silver, or gold, or one or more compound thereof.

(1) Note. "Primarily contains elemental platinum group metal, copper, silver, or gold, or compound thereof" means that 50% or more of the solid inorganic* material*, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom, contains elemental platinum group metal, copper, silver, or gold, or one or more compounds thereof, alone or in combination.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

33+,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*.

98

CONTINUOUS OR SEMICONTINUOUS SOLID PHASE (I.E., SYSTEMS WHICH EXHIBIT PLASTICITY, ELASTICITY, OR RIGIDITY): COLLOID SYSTEMS; COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING AN AGENT FOR MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS (E.G., GEL, PASTE, GELLED EMULSION, FLOC):

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which is a (1) colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase, (2) composition containing an agent* for making or stabilizing such a system, (3) process of making or stabilizing such a system, or (4) process of preparing a composition containing an agent* for making or stabilizing such a system (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity); such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.

(1) Note. A gel is defined as a solid or semisolid colloid system formed of a solid continuous phase and a liquid phase (either discontinuous or continuous or mixed), often identified by its outward gelatinous appearance, and which exhibits properties of a solid such as plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity. Thus, for these colloid systems, the liquid phase need not be a "dispersed" phase, rather it may be continuous. The gelling component (solid phase) is usually of the lipophilic type and present in concentrations of less than 10 percent. As defined for purposes of this and indented subclasses, this would exclude silica gels and aluminosilicate gels and other materials* which are primarily solid and described as being particulate, microspheroidal, spheroidal, etc., or described with descriptive properties, terms, or expressions which indicates destruction of the two-phase system, such as, pore volume, pore diameter, surface area.

(2) Note. Pastes are included here as semicontinuous solid phase materials*. They exhibit one or more solid properties of plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity. The particles in the system appear to be weakly bonding so as to acquire solid or gel-like characteristics.

(3) Note. The usual distinction between sols* and gels* is that sols* are flowable and gels* are not.

(4) Note. For a gelled composition which is claimed or disclosed as having a function or utility provided for in the US Patent Classification System, see Class 516 definitions, section II, subsections C and E especially.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

902,	for an art collection of gelled emulsion.
905+,	for a collection of art under the class definition which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

34,	Drying and Gas Vapor Contact with Solids, subclasses 302+ for processes under that class definition of treating a flowable material wherein the material is congealed, thickened, jelled, or stiffened in any way.
44,	Fuel and Related Compositions, subclasses 265+ for a gelled composition to be used either as a fuel or as a carbonaceous reductant in a metallurgical process.
60,	Power Plants, subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion, or suspension, subclass 252 for reaction motor (e.g., rockets) wherein the propellant is a gelatinous precipitate.
62,	Refrigeration, subclass 54.1 for process or apparatus for storing a cryogen as a mixture of diverse phases, such as, a gel or colloid suspension.
65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.
71,	Chemistry: Fertilizers, subclass 64.09 for processes directed to the preparation of fertilizers in form of gels and the produced plant fertilizing compositions.
73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 64.41+ for a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)).
95,	Gas Separation: Processes, subclass 152 for contacting fluid mixture with a liquid and including coagulating or flocculating agent.
102,	Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 365 for liquid or jelly containing incendiary apparatus or method of use.
149,	Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, appropriate subclasses for explosive and thermic compositions and methods of preparing or treating such compositions, where the latter are used to produce usable heat or flame or by-products resulting from the use of such compositions (e.g. smoke flares). See various subclasses based on active composition for explosive or thermic compositions which may be gels or pastes or may be intended to yield smoke as result of combustion (particularly subclasses 29+ , 37+, and 78+), subclasses 17+ for compositions containing particulate material dispersed substantially entirely within a solidified or matrix medium and which are characterized by dispersed phase within a continuous phase, subclass 108.4 for smoke affecting composition (e.g., coloring), subclass 108.8 for compositions containing a stability or viscosity agent (e.g., gelling, thickening, thinning, liquefying, etc., agent, a stabilizer or unstabilizer (activator), a burning rate modifier), cross-reference art collection 110+ for compositions or processes reciting or disclosing a reference to a particular size or dimension of the particles of at least one of the ingredients or the size or dimension of all or part of the composition in particulate form, cross-reference art collection 117 for smoke generating or weather modifying composition with a resin, and cross-reference art collection 118 for composition containing a resin dissolved in the continuous phase of a gel.
166,	Wells, subclasses 244.1+ for processes of treating or operating a well which may include gel forming or breaking in a well, which includes significantly claimed process steps of well treating or well operation. See also the notes and SEARCH CLASS references in Class 166, subclass 244.1.
209,	Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated (this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation of some components from others).
210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 702+ for processes in which a liquid is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause a dissolved constituent to separate from the solvent or to cause a constituent, dispersed in such a finely divided state that it is not filterable or settleable, to agglomerate, coagulate, coalesce, or flocculate (e.g., subclasses 703+ for flotation using a specified precipitant, coagulant, or flocculant).
252,	Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252. See subclasses 186.1+ for compositions for bleaching by oxidation, or in other oxidation of extraneous substances, or in generating oxygen, subclass 194 for a composition which is designed to remove or bind water which may be in the form of a gel or which forms a gel, subclasses 634+ for radioactive compositions in the form of sol solution or gel.
264,	Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, subclasses 3.1+ for processes making gelled explosives which include a molding step or otherwise proper for this class.
361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass 526 for solid electrolytic capacitor of paste or gel.
366,	Agitating, subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid into a gel. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying, gelling, or foaming, are proper for compositions Classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic).
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclass 1.25 for radionuclide containing composition which dissolves or elutes from solid or gel matrix, subclasses 469+ in which sustained or differential release type tablets, lozenges, or pills contain discrete soluble particles of the active ingredient are positioned or dispersed in a solid, generally insoluble matrix from which said particles are leached sequentially under conditions of use from the outside portions of the matrix inwardly, subclasses 76.2+ for non-body deodorizing substances which are evaporable, sublimable, or gas (e.g., deodorization of air, aerosol spray compositions, gels).
426,	Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 573+ for gels or gellable composition).
427,	Coating Processes, subclass 246 for forming a foraminous product having a microporous coating by coagulating or jelling the coating.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclasses 199+ for films used for image forming and transfer (e.g., instant photography) which may include a gel, subclass 404 where a gel or web is used in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image processing, subclasses 495.1+ for film which may contain gel (e.g., gelatin).
436,	Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, subclass 515 for tests involving diffusion or migration of antigen or antibody through a gel, such as immunoelectrophoresis.
501,	Compositions: Ceramic, subclass 12 for glass or glass forming compositions which are made by a gel route.
502,	Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, subclasses 233+ for forming a catalyst or precursor comprising forming silica gel (i.e., an amorphous form of hydrate silica, generally produced by precipitation or coagulation of a silica sol or decomposition of a silicate), subclass 405 for solid sorbent comprising inorganic gel composition, in which there is usually a metal or silicon oxide in relatively minor amount is distributed in suspension in water, appearing to be solid while the water constitutes as much as 95 to 99% of the mixture.
505,	Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process, subclass 440 for processes under the class definition of producing or treating high temperature (Tc >30 K) superconductor material or superconductor containing products or processes of producing or treating precursors thereof which utilizes a sol or gel at any stage, cross-reference art collection 735 for a process limited to the methods of making or treating high temperature (Tc >30 K) superconducting shaped material, article, or device which includes a sol-gel process.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, cross-reference art collection 922+ for fracture fluids which may be gels.
508,	Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems, see subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may be surface-treated. This Class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces which may be gel or paste. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to gel or paste colloid systems include: subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 158 for cream, paste, or gel), subclasses 221+ for liquid, paste, or gel composition used in automatic dishwasher, subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclass 280 for gel or liquid composition for cleaning pile fabric or upholstery (e.g., carpet, rug), subclass 336 for gel, cream, or paste), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste, or gel cleaning composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclass 403 for gel or malleable (e.g., plastic-like) cleaning composition, subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste).
512,	Perfume Compositions, subclass 2 for compositions which include a chemical compound whose sole purpose is to prevent chemical change, or to extend the life of the perfume by retarding evaporation of the perfume active ingredient, subclass 4 for nonliquid or encapsulated compositions, such as gels containing a perfume material
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient (particularly cross-reference art collection 944 for subject matter involving a gel form and containing specified ingredients to give a gel).
604,	Surgery, subclass 368 for methods and apparatus comprising portable receptor or material collecting means used to receive material discharge from the body and treatment of the body by employing material collectors or receptors which comprise an absorbent pad for external or internal application and supports therefor (e.g., catamenial devices, diapers, etc.) and which contain collagen or gelling material.

99	. The solid phase contains organic material:

This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter in which the continuous or semicontinuous solid phase contains organic* material*, alone or in combination with inorganic* material*.

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain Nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

60,	Power Plants, subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion, or suspension, subclass 252 for reaction motor (e.g., rockets) wherein the propellant is a gelatinous precipitate.
73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 64.41+ for a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)).
102,	Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 365 for liquid or jelly containing incendiary apparatus or method of use.
106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which are not elsewhere classified. See subclass 646 for inorganic settleable composition containing protein which sets or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions, usually forming a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular, hollow, or porous material.
149,	Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, appropriate subclasses for explosive and thermic compositions and methods of preparing or treating such compositions, where the latter are used to produce usable heat or flame or by-products resulting from the use of such compositions (e.g. smoke flares). See various subclasses based on active composition for explosive or thermic compositions which may be gels or pastes or may be intended to yield smoke as result of combustion (particularly subclasses 29+ , 37+, and 78+), subclasses 17+ for compositions containing particulate material dispersed substantially entirely within a solidified or matrix medium and which are characterized by dispersed phase within a continuous phase, subclass 108.4 for smoke affecting composition (e.g., coloring), subclass 108.8 for compositions containing a stability or viscosity agent (e.g., gelling, thickening, thinning, liquefying, etc., agent, a stabilizer or unstabilizer (activator), a burning rate modifier), cross-reference art collection 110+ for compositions or processes reciting or disclosing a reference to a particular size or dimension of the particles of at least one of the ingredients or the size or dimension of all or part of the composition in particulate form, cross-reference art collection 117 for smoke generating or weather modifying composition with a resin, and cross-reference art collection 118 for composition containing a resin dissolved in the continuous phase of a gel.
162,	Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 187 for processes of forming an interfelted fibrous product from a hydrated or partially gelatinized fiber and the product per se.
166,	Wells, subclasses 244.1+ for processes of treating or operating a well which may include gel forming or breaking in a well, which includes significantly claimed process steps of well treating or well operation. See also the notes and SEARCH CLASS references in Class 166 subclass 244.1 and in Class 507 definition.
204,	Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 414 for apparatus for electrolysis in analytical or testing system which uses a gel electrolyte, subclasses 450+ for processes of separating or purifying using electrophoresis or electro-osmosis (especially subclasses 456+ for processes of gel electrophoresis, subclass 514 for separation of hydrocarbon oil in an aqueous system (e.g., emulsion breaking)).
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclass 1.25 for radionuclide containing composition which dissolves or elutes from solid or gel matrix, subclasses 469+ in which sustained or differential release type tablets, lozenges, or pills contain discrete soluble particles of the active ingredient are positioned or dispersed in a solid, generally insoluble matrix from which said particles are leached sequentially under conditions of use from the outside portions of the matrix inwardly, subclasses 76.2+ for non-body deodorizing substances which are evaporable, sublimable, or gas (e.g., deodorization of air, aerosol spray compositions, gels).
426,	Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 573+ for gels or gellable composition).
427,	Coating Processes, subclass 246 for forming a foraminous product having a microporous coating by coagulating or jelling the coating.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclasses 199+ for films used for image forming and transfer (e.g., instant photography) which may include a gel, subclass 404 where a gel or web is used in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image processing, subclasses 495.1+ for film which may contain gel (e.g., gelatin).
436,	Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, subclass 515 for tests involving diffusion or migration of antigen or antibody through a gel, such as immunoelectrophoresis.
505,	Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process, subclass 440 for processes under the class definition of producing or treating high temperature (Tc >30 K) superconductor material or superconductor containing products or processes of producing or treating precursors thereof which utilizes a sol or gel at any stage, cross-reference art collection 735 for a process limited to the methods of making or treating high temperature (Tc >30 K) superconducting shaped material, article, or device which includes a sol-gel process.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, cross-reference art collection 922+ for fracture fluids which may be gels.
508,	Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems, see subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces which may be gel or paste. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to gel or paste colloid systems include: subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 158 for cream, paste, or gel), subclasses 221+ for liquid, paste, or gel composition used in automatic dishwasher, subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclass 280 for gel or liquid composition for cleaning pile fabric or upholstery (e.g., carpet, rug), subclass 336 for gel, cream, or paste), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste, or gel cleaning composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclass 403 for gel or malleable (e.g., plastic-like) cleaning composition, subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste).
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient (particularly cross-reference art collection 944 for subject matter involving a gel form and containing specified ingredients to give a gel).
521,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclass 28 for a mixture of a synthetic ion exchange resin in gel form, subclasses 53+ for the gel of a porous synthetic resin.
523,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclasses 100 through 173, for nonporous synthetic polymeric gels with specified functions or uses.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, appropriate subclasses for synthetic polymeric gels, cross-reference art collection 916 for art collection disclosing hydrogel compositions, cross-reference art collection 922 for art collection disclosing flocculating, clarifying, or fining compositions.
528,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for coagulating).
530,	Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like proteins; areas known to have documents related to colloid systems include: subclasses 354+ for gelatin, subclass 356 for collagen, subclasses 360+ for casein or caseinate, subclasses 362+ for albumin, subclasses 370+ for plant or yeast proteins, subclasses 380+ for blood proteins (particularly 381+ for blood coagulation factors and fibrin, e.g., thromboplastin).

100	.. The organic material coats, impregnates, or surface modifies solid inorganic material (e.g., dextrin modified clay):

This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter in which the organic* material* coats, impregnates, or surfaced modifies an inorganic* material*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

98,	for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous solid phase which does not have organic* material* in the solid phase, and also is of a solid material* not provided for in subclasses 110, 111, or 112.
110,	for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous solid phase in which the solid phase contains metal silicate or clay and which does not have organic* material* in the solid phase.
111,	for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous solid phase in which the solid phase contains silica and which does not have organic* material* in the solid phase.
112,	for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous solid phase in which the solid phase contains alumina and which does not have organic* material* in the solid phase.

101	... The organic material contains organic compound containing nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+ :

This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter in which the organic* material* contains an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

98,	for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous solid phase which does not have organic* material* in the solid phase, and also is of a solid material* not provided for in subclasses 110, 111, or 112.
102+,	for colloid systems in which the solid phase contains an organic* compound which contains Nitrogen (except if present solely as NH 4+), which doesn"t coat, impregnate, or surface modify an inorganic* material*.
110,	for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous solid phase in which the solid phase contains metal silicate or clay and which does not have organic* material* in the solid phase.
111,	for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous solid phase in which the solid phase contains silica and which does not have organic* material* in the solid phase.
112,	for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous solid phase in which the solid phase contains alumina and which does not have organic* material* in the solid phase.

102	.. The organic material contains organic compound containing nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+:

This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter in which the organic* material* contains an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

101,	for colloid systems in which the solid phase contains an organic* compound which contains nitrogen (except if present solely as NH 4+), which coats, impregnates, or surface modifies an inorganic* material*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

60,	Power Plants, subclass 252 for reaction motor (e.g., rockets) wherein the propellant is a gelatinous precipitate.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclasses 199+ for films used for image forming and transfer (e.g., instant photography) which may include a gel, subclass 404 where a gel or web is used in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image processing, subclasses 495.1+ for film which may contain gel (e.g., gelatin).
530,	Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like proteins; areas known to have documents related to colloid systems include: subclasses 354+ for gelatin, subclass 356 for collagen, subclasses 360+ for casein or caseinate, subclasses 362+ for albumin, subclasses 370+ for plant or yeast proteins, subclasses 380+ for blood proteins (particularly 381+ for blood coagulation factors and fibrin, e.g., thromboplastin).

103	... The compound contains plural peptide linkages, i.e., compound formed from amino acids, natural or synthetic, by reaction of a carboxyl group of one such amino acid with an amino group of another same or different such amino acid:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains Nitrogen contains plural peptide linkages, i.e., compound formed from natural or synthetic amino acids.

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain Nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

101,	for colloid systems in which the solid phase contains an organic* compound which contains Nitrogen (except if present solely as NH 4+), which coats, impregnates, or surface modifies an inorganic* material*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which are not elsewhere classified. subclass 646 for inorganic settleable composition containing protein which sets or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions, usually forming a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular, hollow, or porous material.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclasses 199+ for films used for image forming and transfer (e.g., instant photography) which may include a gel, subclass 404 where a gel or web is used in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image processing, subclasses 495.1+ for film which may contain gel (e.g., gelatin).
530,	Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like proteins; areas known to have documents related to colloid systems include: subclasses 354+ for gelatin, subclass 356 for collagen, subclasses 360+ for casein or caseinate, subclasses 362+ for albumin, subclasses 370+ for plant or yeast proteins, subclasses 380+ for blood proteins (particularly 381+ for blood coagulation factors and fibrin, e.g., thromboplastin).

104	.. The organic material contains organic compound containing oxygen:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter in which the organic* material* contains an organic* compound which contains Oxygen.

105	*... The compound is a carbohydrate or carbohydrate-derivative* (e.g., mono- or polysaccharide):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen is a carbohydrate* or carbohydrate-derivative*, such as, monosaccharide or polysaccharide.

(1) Note. Carbohydrates are compounds which are saccharides whose monomeric units are polyhydroxy mono-aldehydes or polyhydroxy mono-ketones, having the formula C n(H 2O) n, where n is five or six, or the corresponding cyclic hemiacetals thereof. Carbohydrate-derivatives maintain the carbon skeleton and the carbonyl function or hemi-acetal function of the saccharide.

106	.... The compound is cellulose or derivative thereof (e.g., CMC):

This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter in which the carbohydrate* is cellulose or a derivative thereof, such as, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).

(1) Note. The cellulose may be derivatized so long as it satisfies the requirement for carbohydrate-derivative*.

107	.... The compound is gum or derivative thereof:

This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter in which the carbohydrate* is gum or a derivative thereof.

(1) Note. The gum may be derivatized so long as it satisfies the requirement for carbohydrate-derivative*.

(2) Note. The term gum has acquired multiple meanings which are chemically unrelated to each other. The subject matter encompassed herein is that of the carbohydrate polymers occurring as exudates of various trees, shrubs, or algae. Examples include, guar, arabic, tragacanth, karaya. The gum may be natural or synthetic.

108	... The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group (e.g., glycerides):

This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen contains carboxylic acid ester group, such as, glycerides.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

109,	for similar colloid systems in which the organic* oxygen containing compound contains carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof.

109	... The compound contains –C(=O)OH or salt thereof (e.g., calcium stearate):

This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen contains the

(1) Note. "–C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters ( –C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

108,	for similar colloid systems in which the organic* oxygen containing compound contains carboxylic acid ester group.

110	. The solid phase contains metal silicate or clay (e.g., bentonite, kaolin):

This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter in which the solid phase contains metal silicate or clay, such as, bentonite, kaolin.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

99+,	for colloid systems in which the solid phase contains organic* material*, alone or in combination with metal silicate or clay.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.
501,	Compositions: Ceramic, subclass 12 for glass or glass forming compositions which are made by a gel route.
502,	Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, subclasses 233+ for forming a catalyst or precursor comprising forming silica gel (i.e., an amorphous form of hydrate silica, generally produced by precipitation or coagulation of a silica sol or decomposition of a silicate), subclass 405 for solid sorbent comprising inorganic gel composition, in which there is usually a metal or silicon oxide in relatively minor amount is distributed in suspension in water, appearing to be solid while the water constitutes as much as 95 to 99% of the mixture.
508,	Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems, see subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.

111	. The solid phase contains silica (e.g., hydrated silicagel):

This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter in which the solid phase contains silica, such as, hydrated silicagel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

99+,	for colloid systems in which the solid phase contains organic* material*, alone or in combination with silica.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.
501,	Compositions: Ceramic, subclass 12 for glass or glass forming compositions which are made by a gel route.
502,	Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, subclasses 233+ for forming a catalyst or precursor comprising forming silica gel (i.e., an amorphous form of hydrate silica, generally produced by precipitation or coagulation of a silica sol or decomposition of a silicate), subclass 405 for solid sorbent comprising inorganic gel composition, in which there is usually a metal or silicon oxide in relatively minor amount is distributed in suspension in water, appearing to be solid while the water constitutes as much as 95 to 99% of the mixture.
508,	Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems, see subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.

112	. The solid phase contains alumina (e.g., hydrated alumina-gel):

This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter in which the solid phase contains alumina, such as, hydrated alumina-gel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

99+,	for colloid systems in which the solid phase contains organic* material*, alone or in combination with alumina.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.
501,	Compositions: Ceramic, subclass 12 for glass or glass forming compositions which are made by a gel route.
502,	Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, subclasses 233+ for forming a catalyst or precursor comprising forming silica gel (i.e., an amorphous form of hydrate silica, generally produced by precipitation or coagulation of a silica sol or decomposition of a silicate), subclass 405 for solid sorbent comprising inorganic gel composition, in which there is usually a metal or silicon oxide in relatively minor amount is distributed in suspension in water, appearing to be solid while the water constitutes as much as 95 to 99% of the mixture.

113	COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING AN AGENT FOR BREAKING (RESOLVING) OR INHIBITING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF BREAKING (RESOLVING) OR INHIBITING COLLOID SYSTEMS (E.G., GEL BREAKING OR INHIBITING, COAGULATING, FLOCCULATING); PROCESSES OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which is a (1) composition containing an agent* for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system, (2) process of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting such a system, by any means including chemically, physically, or energetically, for example, using contacted or added substance*, material*, or matrix, using shearing technique, using fixed bed, mesh, or screen, or using cooling or heating, or (3) process of preparing a composition containing an agent* for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting such a system.

(1) Note. Subject matter included in this and indented subclasses includes smoke clearing, defoaming, de-emulsifying, resolving emulsions or suspensions, flocculating colloid suspensions, and gel-breaking and compositions containing agents* for accomplishing these objectives.

(2) Note. As set forth in class definition (3) note, methods of breaking or inhibiting a colloid system which also thereby makes or stabilizes a (different) colloid system will be placed in the first occurring appropriate subclass in this class and cross-referenced to each other appropriate subclass.

(3) Note. Agents* for and methods of inhibiting or breaking gels (continuous solid phase colloid systems) or continuous liquid phase with discontinuous solid phase (solid particle sols, suspended solids) are not provided for in indented subclasses and hence are located in this subclass.

(4) Note. Methods and agents* for inhibiting or breaking colloid systems which are proper for this and indented subclasses include those which are characterized as physical, including those which do not involve the addition of solutes. For example, applying or removing heat, contacting with porous or particulate materials*, or shearing techniques.

(5) Note. Claims to methods for inhibiting or breaking which involve the use of a single compound are proper for placement in this and indented subclasses. Claims to agents* consisting of single compounds, or to solid resins are properly placed in the appropriate compound or resin class, and no cross-reference is required to Class 516.

(6) Note. A colloid system which intentionally contains a breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* which is to be triggered by an event, such as heat, or light, or shear, in order for it to act to resolve or break the colloid system is proper for placement of a cross-reference in this and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 64.41+ for a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)).
162,	Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, see subclasses 1+ for processes of liberation (especially subclasses 70+ for compositions specifically employed in or intended to be employed in the class provided for processes), subclasses 100+ for processes of depositing fibers from a liquid suspension thereof to form an interfelted fibrous product (paper), subclass 187 for processes of forming an interfelted fibrous product from a hydrated or partially gelatinized fiber and the product, per se.
166,	Wells, subclasses 244.1+ for processes of treating or operating a well which may include gel forming or breaking in a well, which includes significantly claimed process steps of well treating or well operation. See also the Notes and SEARCH CLASS references in Class 166, subclass 244.1.
204,	Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 193+ for apparatus for electrical separation or purification of liquids, subclasses 450+ for processes of separating or purifying using electrophoresis or electro-osmosis, subclasses 554+ for processes (e.g., electrostatic separation of a liquid) involving (a) electrical (including simultaneous electrical and magnetic) separation or purification of a liquid, or (b) magnetic treatment, per se, when some effect other than mere separation is desired or produced (especially subclasses 563+ for process which involves breaking emulsion or dispersion by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents in a predominantly hydrocarbon liquid, subclass 573 for process which involves breaking emulsion or dispersion by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents in other than a predominantly hydrocarbon liquid).
208,	Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclasses 177+ (see particularly subclass 263) for mere removal of a colloid system stabilizing agent* from a mineral oil for the purpose of preventing formation of an emulsion, or colloid system, containing the mineral oil. Class 516 provides for breaking of emulsions of mineral oil when not combined with some other treatment of the mineral oil, i.e., Class 516 provides for effecting breaking or inhibiting by merely adding an agent* for that purpose and permitting or causing separation (e.g., by settling).
209,	Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated (this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation of some components from others).
210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, provides for treating water or waste liquid, and when not more specifically provided for, for treating liquids in general or of any kind. Class 516 is the locus for the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed and provides for (a) the separation or purification of liquids, generally claimed, when performed by a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and for such processes further including ancillary steps, such as, decanting, or passing through a separatory funnel, etc., or (b) processes in which recovery is intended of both water and another product. Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a step of colloid system breaking, per se, for the purpose of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended for use or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion breaking step is proper for Class 210. See subclasses 634+ for liquid/liquid solvent or colloid dispersion extraction, subclasses 702+ for processes in which a liquid is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause a dissolved constituent to separate from the solvent or to cause a constituent, dispersed in such a finely divided state that it is not filterable or settleable, to agglomerate, coagulate, coalesce, or flocculate (e.g., subclasses 703+ for flotation using a specified precipitant, coagulant, or flocculant, and subclass 708 for including emulsion breaking), cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).
252,	Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252. See subclasses 175+ for compositions for treating water to soften or purify it, to precipitate impurities in it, or to inhibit formation of scale or incrustation in steam boilers or other water containers,
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, methods for defoaming or foam inhibiting of fermentations which include more than a nominal fermentation step are proper for Class 435, even though a Class 516 composition or step may be present.
436,	Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, subclass 18 for compositions, such as anticoagulant containing, which are used to mimic or quantify the effect, in a chemical test procedure, of another chemical composition, or to stabilize, preserve or otherwise prepare a sample for a chemical test and the processes of use of such materials preparatory to a chemical test procedure.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, cross-reference art collection 921 for well treating composition intended to break an emulsion or gel or to uncrosslink a polymer.
520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the 520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collection 922 for flocculating, clarifying, or fining compositions.
528,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for coagulating).
530,	Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for breaking suspended solid colloid systems such as proteins; areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include: subclasses 354+ for gelatin, subclass 356 for collagen, subclasses 360+ for casein or caseinate, subclasses 362+ for albumin, subclasses 370+ for plant or yeast proteins, subclasses 380+ for blood proteins (particularly 381+ for blood coagulation factors and fibrin, e.g., thromboplastin).

114	. Continuous gas or vapor phase colloid system (e.g., fog dispelling, dust or contrail suppressing):

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter in which the colloid system subject to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting is a continuous gas or vapor phase, such as, fog dispelling, dust suppressing, contrail suppressing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

113,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of colloid systems other than foams (as provided for in subclass 115+) or emulsions (as provided for in subclasses 135+), such as, with a continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous solid phase (solid particle sols) or with a continuous solid phase (gels).
115+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (foams).
135+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous liquid phase (emulsions).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

95,	Gas Separation: Processes, subclasses 57+ for processes using electric or electrostatic field (e.g., electrostatic precipitation, etc.). Also see other entries in this SEARCH CLASS.
239,	Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclasses 2.1+ for processes including spraying or dispersing and intended for weather control or modification including fog clearing or making, snow making, rain making (i.e., either (a) to wet a surface or (b) to precipitate moisture from the atmosphere).
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 283.1+ for Class apparatus.
454,	Ventilation, cross-reference art collection 901, for fog dispeller, i.e., comprising means for eliminating or dispersing cloud-like, condensed water vapor which is positioned close to a ground surface.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 216 for compositions facilitating sweeping uncarpeted floors by reducing the amount of dust that becomes airborne. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic).

115	. Continuous liquid phase colloid system and discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam):

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter in which the colloid system subject to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting is a continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

113,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of colloid systems other than smokes or fogs (as provided for in subclass 114) or emulsions (as provided for in subclasses 135+), such as, with a continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous solid phase (solid particle sols) or with a continuous solid phase (gels).
114,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous gas or vapor phase (fogs, smokes).
135+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous liquid phase (emulsions).
904,	for a collection of art which discloses foam breaking or inhibiting subject matter in the context of fermentation technology.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 19.01+ for a process or an apparatus for determining the nature or amount of gas in a substance other than gas.
95,	Gas Separation: Processes, subclasses 57+ for processes using electric or electrostatic field (e.g., electrostatic precipitation, etc.), subclass 150 for contacting fluid mixture with a liquid and including foaming of liquid to aid in the separation, subclass 155 for contacting fluid mixture with a liquid and including defoaming or antifoaming agent, subclass 157 for contacting fluid mixture with a liquid to degasify and including defoaming, subclasses 241+ for processes of degasification of a liquid (subclass 242 for defoaming and subclass 253 for emulsion breaking or multiple liquid separating).
137,	Fluid Handling, subclasses 170.1+ for apparatus for foam control in gas charged liquids.
184,	Lubrication, subclass 6.23 for devices which include means to destroy or remove gas or vapor bubbles dispersed in the lubricant.
201,	Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 9 for process including a step of surface treating solid carbonaceous material to reduce or prevent agglomerating or foaming or swelling during distillation.
202,	Distillation: Apparatus, subclass 264 for apparatus for breaking foam during distillation.
203,	Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclass 20 for processes under that Class definition including defoaming or inhibiting foam.
209,	Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclasses 163+ for methods and means wherein some material is caused to adhere selectively (i.e., to some constituents and not to others) which so lightens the material constituents to which it is attached as to cause them to float on the liquid, while the other constituents are not floated (e.g. bubbles are caused to attach to some components of a material or mixture of solid materials and not to others, the components to which the bubbles are attached being caused thereby to float on the surface of the liquid).
426,	Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclass 329 wherein a food foam is protected against deterioration, or wherein a food is protected against undesirable foam formation by contact with a change inhibiting chemical agent other than an antioxygen agent.
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection FOR 184 for method of using gentically engineered cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup.

116	.. The agent contains both organic and inorganic (except water) materials (e.g., amine hydrophobized silica):

This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains both organic* and inorganic* (except water) materials*, such as, amine hydrophobized silica.

(1) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are the inorganic* particles which are treated or coated with an organic* compound, by reaction or otherwise.

(2) Note. Indented subclasses have only been provided for organic* materials* containing an organic* compound containing Silicon, hence compound such as amine hydrophobized silica are proper for this subclass.

(3) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

(4) Note. "Inorganic* (except water)" means water is not considered in the assessment of the composition of the inorganic* material*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

137,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material*, in which the material* contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.

139+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*)); particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which contains a material* which contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*.

117	... The agent contains organic compound containing silicon (e.g., siloxane hydrophobized silica):

This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains an organic* compound which contains silicon, such as, siloxane hydrophobized silica.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

137,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material*, in which the material* contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.

139+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*)); particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which contains a material* which contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*.

118	.... The compound is polysiloxane which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains silicon is polysiloxane which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

137,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material*, in which the material* contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.

139+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*)); particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which contains a material* which contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*.

119	.... The compound contains nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+ (e.g., organosilazane treated silica):

This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains silicon also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+, such as, organosilazane treated silica.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

137,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material*, in which the material* contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.

139+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*)); particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which contains a material* which contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*.

120	.... The agent contains organosilane coated or treated solid particle:

This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains silicon is a solid particle which is coated or treated with an organosilane compound.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

137,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material*, in which the material* contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.

139+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*)); particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which contains a material* which contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*.

121	.... The agent contains primarily aqueous continuous phase, i.e., water carrier:

This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains a primarily aqueous continuous phase, i.e., water carrier, in addition to the organic* compound which contains silicon.

(1) Note. "Primarily aqueous" means that 50% or more of the continuous liquid phase is aqueous, by weight, volume, or molecule, on a solids-free basis, i.e., not including any dissolved or suspended solids.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

137,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material*, in which the material* contains both an inorganic* material and an organic* material.

139+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*)); particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which contains a material* which contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*.

122	.. The agent contains inorganic (except water) material:

This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains an inorganic* (except water) material*.

(1) Note. This subclass provides for subject matter in which the agent* doesn"t contain any organic* material*.

(2) Note. "Inorganic* (except water)" means water is not considered in the assessment of the composition of the inorganic* material*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

116+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams using an agent* which contains both an organic* and an inorganic* material*.
136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
138,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which contains only inorganic* material*.
139+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent)); particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent which contains a material* which is only inorganic, and subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent which contains a material* which contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*.

123	.. The agent contains organic compound containing silicon (e.g., alkylpolysiloxane oil):

This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains an organic* compound which contains silicon, such as, alkylpolysiloxane oil.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
137,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material, in which the material contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.
144,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+), and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (as provided for in subclass 140), and in which the agent doesn"t contain both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as provided for in subclass 142).

124	... The compound is polysiloxane which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains silicon is polysiloxane which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-, (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

123,	for similar subject matter wherein monoether derivatives are used.
136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
137,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material, in which the material contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.
144,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+), and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (as provided for in subclass 140), and in which the agent doesn"t contain both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as provided for in subclass 142).

125	.. The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus (e.g., lecithin):

This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains an organic* compound which contains phosphorus, such as, lecithin.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
137,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material, in which the material contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.
145,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+), and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (as provided for in subclass 140), and in which the agent doesn"t contain both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as provided for in subclass 142).

126	*.. The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy (e.g., organo-sulfone, -sulfate, -sulfonate):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*, such as, organo-sulfone, -sulfate, -sulfonate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
137,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material, in which the material contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.
146+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+), and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (as provided for in subclass 140), and in which the agent doesn"t contain both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as provided for in subclass 142).

127	*... Nitrogen covalently bound to the sulfur of the sulfoxy:**

This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains sulfoxy* in which nitrogen is covalently bonded to the sulfur of the sulfoxy*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
137,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material, in which the material contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.
148+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+), and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (as provided for in subclass 140), and in which the agent doesn"t contain both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as provided for in subclass 142).

128	.. The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+:

This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
137,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material, in which the material contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.
161+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+), and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (as provided for in subclass 140), and in which the agent doesn"t contain both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as provided for in subclass 142).

129	... The compound contains oxygen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen also contains oxygen.

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
137,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material, in which the material contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.
161+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+), and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (as provided for in subclass 140), and in which the agent doesn"t contain both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as provided for in subclass 142).

130	.... The compound contains -C(=O)NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
137,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material, in which the material contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.
161+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+), and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (as provided for in subclass 140), and in which the agent doesn"t contain both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as provided for in subclass 142).

131	..... The compound contains plural -C(=O)NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains plural (two or more) -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
137,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material, in which the material contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.
161+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+), and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (as provided for in subclass 140), and in which the agent doesn"t contain both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as provided for in subclass 142).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

435,

Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection FOR184 for method of using genetically engineered cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup.

935,

Genetic Engineering: Recombinant DNA Technology, Hybrid or Fused Cell Technology, and Related Manipulations of Nucleic Acids, subclasses 59+ for methods of using of genetically engineered cells, e.g., oil spill cleanup which may involve emulsion or foam making or breaking.

132	.. The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains an organic* compound which contains oxygen.

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
137,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material, in which the material contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.
181+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+), and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (as provided for in subclass 140), and in which the agent doesn"t contain both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as provided for in subclass 142).

133	... The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group (e.g., natural (glyceride) oil):

This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains an organic* carboxylic acid ester, such as, natural (glyceride) oil.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
137,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material, in which the material contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.
181+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+), and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (as provided for in subclass 140), and in which the agent doesn"t contain both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as provided for in subclass 142).

134	... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-, (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material* which is only organic* or in which the nature of the material* is indeterminable.
137,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains a solid material, in which the material contains both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*.
181+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+), and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (as provided for in subclass 140), and in which the agent doesn"t contain both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as provided for in subclass 142).

135	. Continuous liquid phase colloid system and discontinuous liquid phase (e.g., breaking an emulsion):

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter in which the colloid system subject to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting is a continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous liquid phase, such as, an emulsion.

(1) Note. Dilution performed only with a material* which is the same as the primary component of one of the two liquid phases in order to effect breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system and not combined with a step of vaporizing, heating, or cooling (as provided for below) and not combined with a step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating (as provided for below) is proper for this subclass, there being no indented subclass providing for this subject matter. Dilution combined with adding material*, dissimilar from the primary component of either of the two liquid phases, for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system (such as using the diluent as a solvent/carrier for the dissimilar agent*), is located with the agent* in a hereinunder indented subclass; see SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS for some suggestions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

113,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of colloid systems other than smokes or fogs (as provided for in subclass 114) or foams (as provided for in subclasses 115+), such as, with a continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous solid phase (solid particle sols) or with a continuous solid phase (gels).
114,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous gas or vapor phase (fogs, smokes).
115+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (foams).
136+,	for subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains a solid surface functioning material*, i.e., solid adsorbent, absorbent, or differential adherence surface, such as, filter media, sharp edged particles.
139+,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.
194+,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.
197,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

95,	Gas Separation: Processes, subclasses 57+ for processes using electric or electrostatic field (e.g., electrostatic precipitation, etc.), subclasses 241+ for processes of degasification of a liquid (subclass 242 for defoaming and subclass 253 for emulsion breaking or multiple liquid separating).
166,	Wells, subclasses 244.1+ for processes of preventing emulsification or of breaking emulsions in a well, which includes significantly claimed process steps of well treating or well operation. See also the Notes and SEARCH CLASS references in Class 166 subclass 244.1 and in Class 507 Definition.
204,	Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 193+ for apparatus for electrical separation or purification of liquids, subclasses 450+ for processes of separating or purifying using electrophoresis or electro-osmosis (especially subclasses 456+ for processes of gel electrophoresis, subclass 514 for separation of hydrocarbon oil in an aqueous system (e.g., emulsion breaking)), subclasses 554+ for processes (e.g., electrostatic separation of a liquid) involving (a) electrical (including simultaneous electrical and magnetic) separation or purification of a liquid, or (b) magnetic treatment, per se, when some effect other than mere separation is desired or produced (especially subclasses 563+ for process which involves breaking emulsion or dispersion by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents in a predominantly hydrocarbon liquid, subclass 573 for process which involves breaking emulsion or dispersion by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents in other than a predominantly hydrocarbon liquid).
208,	Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclasses 39+ for processes of removing water from asphalts, tars, pitches, or resins, subclasses 177+ for mere removal of a colloid system stabilizing agent from a mineral oil for the purpose of preventing formation of an emulsion or colloid system containing the mineral oil (particularly subclasses 179+ for processes of removing water from used mineral oils, subclasses 187+ for the separation of water emulsified with the oil, subclass 263 for removing undesirable organic acids or phenolic components from mineral oils. Class 516 provides for breaking of emulsions of mineral oil when not combined with some other treatment of the mineral oil, i.e., Class 516 provides for effecting breaking or inhibiting by merely adding an agent* for that purpose and permitting or causing separation (e.g., by settling).
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection FOR184 formethod of using genetically engineered cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, cross-reference art collection 921 for well treating composition intended to break an emulsion or gel or to uncrosslink a polymer.
520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the 520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collection 922 for flocculating, clarifying, or fining compositions.
528,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for coagulating).

136	.. Breaking (resolving) or inhibiting occurs on the surface of a solid agent (e.g., adsorbent, absorbent, differential adherence surface, filter, sharp edged particles):

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* occurs on the surface of a solid material*, such as, solid adsorbent, absorbent, differential adherence surface, filter media, sharp edged particles, for example processes which describe the phenomenon of coalescence occurring on the surface of the solid agent.

(1) Note. Included here are documents disclosing solids comprising filter beds, screens, particulates (such as sand), adsorbents, and absorbents, whether they are described as acting physically or chemically (bonding), such as by differential wetting, hydrogen bonding, etc.

(2) Note. Not included here are documents merely disclosing typical apparatus such as vessel, container, pipe walls, agitator vanes, etc., without a description of coalescence upon the apparatus surfaces.

(3) Note. Not included here are documents merely disclosing centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, without a description of coalescence upon the apparatus surfaces. Such processes typically disclose coalescence among the dispersed phase droplets themselves.

(4) Note. Solid material* which is entirely organic* material* or the nature of which is indeterminable is proper for placement in this subclass since no indented subclass provides for that subject matter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

135,	for dilution performed only with a material* which is the same as the primary component of one of the two liquid phase in order to effect breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system, and not combined with a step of vaporizing, heating, or cooling (as provided for subclasses 194+, below) and not combined with a step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating (as provided for in subclass 197, below), there being no indented subclass providing for this subject matter.
139+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent)); particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent which contains a material* which is only inorganic, and subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent which contains a material* which contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*.
194+,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.
197,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

210,

Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).

137	... The agent contains both organic and inorganic (except water) material:

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter in which the solid material* contains both organic* material* and inorganic* (except water) material*.

(1) Note. Included here are documents disclosing solids comprising filter beds, screens, particulates (such as sand), adsorbents, and absorbents, whether they are described as acting physically or chemically (bonding), such as by differential wetting, hydrogen bonding, etc.

(2) Note. Not included here are documents merely disclosing typical apparatus such as vessel, container, pipe walls, agitator vanes, etc., without a description of coalescence upon the apparatus surfaces.

(3) Note. Not included here are documents merely disclosing centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, without a description of coalescence upon the apparatus surfaces. Such processes typically disclose coalescence among the dispersed phase droplets themselves.

(4) Note. An inorganic* material*, such as sand, treated or coated with an organic* material*, such as siloxane, satisfies the scope of this definition and is proper for placement in this subclass.

(5) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

(6) Note. "Inorganic* (except water)" means water is not considered in the assessment of the composition of the inorganic* material*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

195,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling combined with or simultaneous with centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.
197,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

210,

Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).

138	... The agent contains inorganic (except water) material (e.g., metal screen, CaCO 3, glass, clay, diatomaceous earth, sand, gravel, alum):

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter in which the solid material* contains inorganic* (except water) material* only, such as, metal screen, CaCO 3, glass, clay, diatomaceous earth, sand, gravel, alum.

(1) Note. Included here are documents disclosing solids comprising filter beds, screens, particulates (such as sand), adsorbents, and absorbents, whether they are described as acting physically or chemically (bonding), such as by differential wetting, hydrogen bonding, etc.

(2) Note. Not included here are documents merely disclosing typical apparatus such as vessel, container, pipe walls, agitator vanes, etc., without a description of coalescence upon the apparatus surfaces.

(3) Note. Not included here are documents merely disclosing centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, without a description of coalescence upon the apparatus surfaces. Such processes typically disclose coalescence among the dispersed phase droplets themselves.

(4) Note. "Inorganic* (except water)" means water is not considered in the assessment of the composition of the inorganic* material*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

195,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling combined with or simultaneous with centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.
197,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

210,

Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).

139	.. The agent contains material which is different from the primary components of both liquid phases of the emulsion colloid system (i.e., more than only diluting):

This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains an active material* which is different from the primary components of both liquid phases of the emulsion colloid system (i.e., more than only diluting).

(1) Note. The agent* may include material* which is the same as the primary components of either or both of the liquid phases of the emulsion, but it must further contain material* which is dissimilar and which is active to effect the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting (i.e., colloid system breaking or inhibiting agent*).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

135,	for dilution performed only with a material* which is the same as the primary component of one of the two liquid phase in order to effect breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system, and not combined with a step of vaporizing, heating, or cooling (as provided for subclasses 194+, below) and not combined with a step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating (as provided for in subclass 197, below), there being no indented subclass providing for this subject matter.
136+,	for subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains a solid surface functioning material*, i.e., solid adsorbent, absorbent, or differential adherence surface, such as, filter media, sharp edged particles.
194+,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.
197,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).
520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the 520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collection 922 for flocculating, clarifying, or fining compositions.
528,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for coagulating).

140	... The agent is liquid bath or liquid which acts to physically or chemically dissolve, bind, or destroy at least part of one liquid phase (except a colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (e.g., aqueous CaCl 2 for chemically binding water):

This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains liquid bath or liquid which acts to physically or chemically dissolve, bind, or destroy at least part of one liquid phase (except a colloid system making or stabilizing agent*), such as, aqueous CaCl 2 for chemically binding water.

(1) Note. Agents* which bind includes material* that chemically hydrates (i.e., they bind water).

(2) Note. Subject matter of the class which encompasses agents* which act solely on a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* is excluded from this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

135,	for dilution performed only with a material* which is the same as the primary component of one of the two liquid phase in order to effect breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system, and not combined with a step of vaporizing, heating, or cooling (as provided for subclasses 194+, below) and not combined with a step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating (as provided for in subclass 197, below), there being no indented subclass providing for this subject matter.
136+,	for subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains a solid surface functioning material*, i.e., solid adsorbent, absorbent, or differential adherence surface, such as, filter media, sharp edged particles.
196,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling and further combined with diluting with a principal component of one of the phases, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.
197,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

210,

Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).

141	... Aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsion systems:

This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter in which the emulsion system is aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous.

(1) Note. Subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of an emulsion which does not exist as an emulsion at standard temperature and pressure, for example an emulsion of melted wax in an aqueous continuous phase at an elevated temperature, is proper for this and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

113,	for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of solid or semi-solid bituminous material* in suspensions, or of gels, such as asphalt or paraffin wax.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

166,	Wells, subclasses 244.1+ for processes of preventing emulsification or of breaking emulsions in a well, which includes significantly claimed process steps of well treating or well operation. See also the Notes and SEARCH CLASS references in Class 166 subclass 244.1.
204,	Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 193+ for apparatus for electrical separation or purification of liquids, subclasses 450+ for processes of separating or purifying using electrophoresis or electro-osmosis (especially subclass 514 for separation of hydrocarbon oil in an aqueous system (e.g., emulsion breaking)), subclasses 554+ for processes (e.g., electrostatic separation of a liquid) involving (a) electrical (including simultaneous electrical and magnetic) separation or purification of a liquid, or (b) magnetic treatment, per se, when some effect other than mere separation is desired or produced (especially subclasses 563+ for process which involves breaking emulsion or dispersion by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents in a predominantly hydrocarbon liquid, subclass 573 for process which involves breaking emulsion or dispersion by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents in other than a predominantly hydrocarbon liquid).
208,	Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclasses 39+ for processes of removing water from asphalts, tars, pitches, or resins, subclasses 177+ for mere removal of a colloid system stabilizing agent from a mineral oil for the purpose of preventing formation of an emulsion or colloid system containing the mineral oil (particularly subclasses 179+ for processes of removing water from used mineral oils, subclasses 187+ for the separation of water emulsified with the oil, subclass 263 for removing undesirable organic acids or phenolic components from mineral oils. Class 516 provides for breaking of emulsions of mineral oil when not combined with some other treatment of the mineral oil, i.e., Class 516 provides for effecting breaking or inhibiting by merely adding an agent* for that purpose and permitting or causing separation (e.g., by settling).
210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processes of resolving colloid systems which include fermentation (especially 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil which may involve breaking emulsions), subclasses 283.1+ for Class apparatus.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, cross-reference art collection 921 for well treating composition intended to break an emulsion or gel or to uncrosslink a polymer.

142	.... The agent contains both organic and inorganic (except water) material:

This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains both organic* material* and inorganic* (except water) materials*.

(1) Note. "Inorganic* (except water)" means water is not considered in the assessment of the composition of the inorganic* material*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

116+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.
137,	for similar subject matter in which the emulsion breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains a solid material*, e.g., solid adsorbent, absorbent, differential adherence surface, filter media, sharp edged particles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

166,	Wells, subclasses 244.1+ for processes of preventing emulsification or of breaking emulsions in a well, which includes significantly claimed process steps of well treating or well operation. See also the Notes and SEARCH CLASS references in Class 166 subclass 244.1.
210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).

143	.... The agent contains organic compound:

This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains an organic* compound.

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

115,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.
136,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using solid material* which is entirely organic* material* or the nature of it is indeterminable, e.g., solid adsorbent, absorbent, differential adherence surface, filter media, sharp edged particles.
161+,	for subject matter wherein the agent comprises materials which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources that are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

166,	Wells, subclasses 244.1+ for processes of preventing emulsification or of breaking emulsions in a well, which includes significantly claimed process steps of well treating or well operation. See also the Notes and SEARCH CLASS references in Class 166, subclass 244.1.
210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).

144	..... The compound contains silicon:

This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains silicon.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

123+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

210,

Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).

145	..... The compound contains phosphorus (e.g., sulfonated lecithin):

This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains phosphorus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

125,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

210,

Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).

146	*..... The compound contains sulfoxy (e.g., sulfonate terpene):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains sulfoxy*, such as, sulfonate terpene.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

210,

Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).

147	...... The compound contains polymer of substituted or unsubstituted phenol and substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde:

This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* also contains the polymeric or resinous reaction product of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. As set forth in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS in Class 252 definition, the subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
521,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 28 for a mixture of a synthetic ion exchange resin which may be in gel form, subclasses 50+ for cellular products or processes of preparing a cellular product, e.g., foams, pores, channels, and subclasses 53+ for the gel of a porous synthetic resin.
523,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 100 through 181for nonporous synthetic polymeric materials with specified functions or uses and for intentional composition, or process of preparing same, of specifically provided for special use, application, or property (e.g., subclass 171 for composition having opalescent, pearlescent, or variegated color or subclass 175 for liquid-solid drag reduction composition).
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion therewith, or product thereof, subclass 801 for process of preparing water-in-oil emulsion or dispersion, or product thereof, cross-reference art collection 903 for art collection disclosing aerosol compositions, cross-reference art collection 916 for art collection disclosing hydrogel compositions, and cross-reference art collection 922 for art collection disclosing flocculating, clarifying, or fining compositions.
528,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, cross-reference art collections 934+ for subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for coagulating).

148	...... The compound contains nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+:

This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter in which the organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

149	....... Nitrogen is a ring member (e.g., imidazoline salt of an organosulfonic acid):

This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Subject matter in which the nitrogen of the organic* sulfoxy* containing compound is a member of a ring structure, such as, imidazoline salt of an organosulfonic acid.

(1) Note: In order to be considered a ring, nonionic bonding must exist between all ring members. Inner salt compounds such as betaines, sulfobetaines, etc., wherein two ring members are attached to each other by ionic bonding, are not regarded as rings for purposes of this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

150	....... The compound contains -C(=O)NHH or -S(O 2)NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains -C(=O)NHH group or -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

(1) Note. This subclass includes amido and sulfonamido group containing compounds, such as, imido, sulfonimido, urea, sulfonated succinimide, condensation of ammonium, amine, or quaternary amine with an organic* acid, its ester or anhydride, or acyl halide.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

151	*....... The nitrogen is part of the cation of a salt formed with the organic compound containing sulfoxy (e.g., triethanol amine salt, quaternary amine salt):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Subject matter in which the nitrogen of the organic* sulfoxy* containing compound is a part of the cation of a salt formed with the organic* compound containing sulfoxy*, such as, triethanol amine salt, quaternary amine salt.

(1) Note. The anion of the salt does not have to be the sulfoxy* group of the organosulfoxy* compound.

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126+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

152	*........ The agent contains mineral-oil sulfonic acid (e.g., cyclohexylamine salt of mahogany* or green* acid):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter in which the salt contains mineral-oil* sulfonic acid, such as, cyclohexylamine salt of mahogany* or green* acids.

(1) Note. Mineral-oil* sulfonic acid results from mineral-oil* (see glossary definition) which has been sulfonated, e.g., by sulfuric acid. Mahogany* acid is the oil-soluble fraction of sulfonation of petroleum* oil; green* acid is the oil-insoluble fraction of sulfonation of petroleum* oil.

(2) Note. A substantially pure hydrocarbon is not a mineral-oil*, hence the sulfonation product of such does not constitute an agent* for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting for this subclass.

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126+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

153	........ The anion of the salt contains substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring (e.g., cyclohexylamine salt of alkylated naphthalene sulfonic acid):

This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter in which the anion of the salt contains substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, such as, cyclohexylamine salt of alkylated naphthalene sulfonic acid.

(1) Note. The agent* may be a mixture of sulfonated benzene ring containing compounds. However, if the feedstock for sulfonation was a mineral-oil* (see glossary definition) then the subject matter is located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.
152,	for subject matter wherein the agent was derived from sulfonation of mineral-oil* feedstock.

154	...... The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group:

This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter in which the sulfoxy* containing organic* compound also contains carboxylic acid ester group.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

155	....... The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof (e.g., partial ester, mixed ester, product of Twitchell process):

This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter in which the sulfoxy* containing organic* compound which contains a carboxylic acid ester group also contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof, such as, partial ester, mixed ester, products of Twitchell process.

(1) Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

(2) Note. Sulfonated glycerides are proper for this subclass since natural glycerides are mixed esters (contain acid group and ester group) and the sulfonation conditions typically do not alter these moieties.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

156	....... The compound contains ether group:

This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter in which the sulfoxy* containing organic* compound which contains a carboxylic acid ester group also contains an ether group.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

157	...... The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof (e.g., sulfonated oleic acid):

This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter in which the sulfoxy* containing organic* compound also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof, such as, sulfonated oleic acid.

(1) Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

158	...... The compound contains ether (e.g., cellulose sulfate):

This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter in which the sulfoxy* containing organic* compound also contains an ether group, such as, cellulose sulfate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

159	*...... The compound is mineral-oil sulfonic acid (e.g., mahogany* or green* acid):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter in which the sulfoxy* containing organic* compound is mineral-oil* sulfonic acid, such as, mahogany* or green* acid(s).

(1) Note. Mineral-oil* sulfonic acid results from mineral-oil* (see glossary definition) which has been sulfonated, e.g., by sulfuric acid. Mahogany* acid is the oil-soluble fraction of sulfonation of petroleum* oil; green* acid is the oil-insoluble fraction of sulfonation of petroleum* oil.

(2) Note. A substantially pure hydrocarbon is not a mineral-oil*, hence the sulfonation product of such does not constitute an agent* for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.
160,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of such colloid systems using an agent* containing a compound containing a sulfonated substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring.

160	...... The compound contains substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring (e.g., sulfonated nonylphenol, ammonium salt of butylated naphthalene sulfonic acid):

This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter in which the sulfoxy* containing organic* compound also contains substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, such as, sulfonated nonyl phenol, ammonium salt of butylated naphthalene sulfonic acid.

(1) Note. The agent* may be a mixture of sulfonated benzene ring containing compounds. However, if the feedstock for sulfonation was a mineral-oil* (see glossary definition) then the subject matter is located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.
159,	for subject matter wherein the agent* was derived from sulfonation of mineral-oil* feedstock.

161	..... The compound contains nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+ (e.g., nitroso phenol):

This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+, such as, nitroso phenol.

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain Nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

210,

Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).

162	...... The nitrogen is a ring member:

This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter in which the nitrogen in the organic* compound is a member of a ring structure.

(1) Note: In order to be considered a ring, nonionic bonding must exist between all ring members. Inner salt compounds such as betaines, sulfobetaines, etc., wherein two ring members are attached to each other by ionic bonding, are not regarded as rings for purposes of this subclass and its indent subclass.

(2) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

435,

Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processses in which preexisting material or compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purifty by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection FOR184 for method of using genetically engineered cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup.

163	....... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which also contains nitrogen as a member of a ring structure also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

164	...... The compound contains polymer of substituted or unsubstituted phenol and substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde:

This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen also contains the polymeric or resinous reaction product of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. As set forth in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS in Class 252 definition, the subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
521,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 28 for a mixture of a synthetic ion exchange resin which may be in gel form, subclasses 50+ for cellular products or processes of preparing a cellular product, e.g., foams, pores, channels, and subclasses 53+ for the gel of a porous synthetic resin.
523,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 100 through 181for nonporous synthetic polymeric materials with specified functions or uses and for intentional composition, or process of preparing same, of specifically provided for special use, application, or property (e.g., subclass 171 for composition having opalescent, pearlescent, or variegated color or subclass 175 for liquid-solid drag reduction composition).
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion therewith, or product thereof, subclass 801 for process of preparing water-in-oil emulsion or dispersion, or product thereof, cross-reference art collection 903 for art collection disclosing aerosol compositions, cross-reference art collection 916 for art collection disclosing hydrogel compositions, and cross-reference art collection 922 for art collection disclosing flocculating, clarifying, or fining compositions.
528,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for coagulating).

165	....... The compound contains -C(=O)NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen and is the polymeric or resinous reaction product of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde also contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

128+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.
164,	See (1) Note concerning polymer art.

166	....... The nitrogen is present in the cation of a salt:

This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter in which the nitrogen of the organic* compound which contains nitrogen and is the polymeric or resinous reaction product of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde is present in the cation of a salt.

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128+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.
164,	see the SEARCH CLASS notes concerning polymer art.

167	....... The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group:

This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen and is the polymeric or resinous reaction product of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde also contains carboxylic acid ester group.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

128+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.
164,	see the SEARCH CLASS notes concerning polymer art.

168	....... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene) (e.g., alkoxylated phenol-aldehyde polymer):

This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen and is the polymeric or resinous reaction product of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), such as, alkoxylated phenol-aldehyde polymer.

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

128+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.
164,	see the SEARCH CLASS notes concerning polymer art.

169	...... The compound contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

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128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

170	....... The compound contains plural peptide linkages, i.e., compound formed from amino acids, natural or synthetic, by reaction of a carboxyl group of one such amino acid with an amino group of another same or different such amino acid:

This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen contains plural peptide linkages, i.e., compound formed from natural or synthetic amino acids.

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128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

171	....... The compound contains plural -C(=O)NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen (e.g., urea formaldehyde):

This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen contains 2 or more such C(=O)NHH groups where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

(1) Note. The plural -C(=O)NHH groups do not have to be bonded directly to each other.

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128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

172	*........ The compound contains plural nitrogen containing mers bonded directly to each other (e.g., acylated polyamine, polyamide):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains 2 or more -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen contains 2 or more nitrogen containing mers* bonded directly to each other, such as, acylated polyamine, polyamide.

(1) Note. The nitrogen containing mer* does not have to be amido group containing, thus acylated polyamines are provided for here.

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128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

173	....... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

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128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

174	...... The compound is a salt composed of an organic anion and a nitrogen-containing organic cation (e.g., triethanol amine salt of oleic acid):

This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen is a salt composed of an organic* anion and a nitrogen-containing organic* cation, such as, triethanol amine salt of oleic acid.

(1) Note. This definition excludes carbonic acid salts and ammonium salts.

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128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

175	....... The salt contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Subject matter in which the salt also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

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128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

176	...... The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group:

This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen also contains carboxylic acid ester group.

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128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

177	....... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen and carboxylic acid ester group also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

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128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

178	........ The ester group is derived from mono-basic acid reactant:

This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen and carboxylic acid ester group and repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene) is further characterized by the carboxylic acid ester being derived from mono-basic acid reactant.

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128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

179	...... The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

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128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

180	*...... The compound contains plural nitrogen containing mers bonded directly to each other (e.g., poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyamine):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains nitrogen contains 2 or more nitrogen containing mers* bonded directly to each other, such as, poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyamine.

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128+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

181	..... The compound contains oxygen (e.g., cresylic acid):

This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains oxygen, such as, cresylic acid.

(1) Note. Phenol-aldehyde resins, polymers, reaction products and the like (e.g., phenol-formaldehyde resinous materials*) are assumed to include a minor presence of ether linkages as well as the alkylene and are so classified, unless the reference explicitly teaches otherwise.

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132+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

210,

Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for using chemical agent).

182	*...... The compound contains sulfur (except sulfoxy) (e.g., sulfide or disulfide linkage):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen also contains sulfur (except sulfoxy*), such as, sulfide or disulfide linkage.

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132+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.
146+,	for subject matter wherein the agent* contains a sulfoxy* group.

183	...... The compound contains polymer of substituted or unsubstituted phenol and substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde:

This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen contains the polymeric or resinous reaction product of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde.

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132+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. As set forth in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS in Class 252 definition, the subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
521,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 28 for a mixture of a synthetic ion exchange resin which may be in gel form, subclasses 50+ for cellular products or processes of preparing a cellular product, e.g., foams, pores, channels, and subclasses 53+ for the gel of a porous synthetic resin.
523,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 100 through 181for nonporous synthetic polymeric materials with specified functions or uses and for intentional composition, or process of preparing same, of specifically provided for special use, application, or property (e.g., subclass 171 for composition having opalescent, pearlescent, or variegated color or subclass 175 for liquid-solid drag reduction composition).
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion therewith, or product thereof, subclass 801 for process of preparing water-in-oil emulsion or dispersion, or product thereof, cross-reference art collection 903 for art collection disclosing aerosol compositions, cross-reference art collection 916 for art collection disclosing hydrogel compositions, and cross-reference art collection 922 for art collection disclosing flocculating, clarifying, or fining compositions.
528,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for coagulating).

184	....... The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group:

This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains the polymeric or resinous reaction product of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde also contains carboxylic acid ester group.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

132+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.
183,	See (1) Note concerning polymer art.

185	*...... The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group (e.g., lactone, natural (glyceride) oil, oxyalkylated blown fatty acid ):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen contains carboxylic acid ester group, such as, lactone, natural (glyceride) oil, oxyalkylated blown fatty acid *.

(1) Note. A step of oxyalkylating in the presence of carboxylic acid is assumed to fully esterify any carboxy groups present and hence is provided for in this subclass rather than indented below, unless the reference explicitly teaches otherwise, such as by specifying a stoichiometrically insufficient amount of reactants to fully esterify.

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132+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

186	*....... The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof (e.g., partial ester, fractional ester, blown fatty acid ):**

This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains carboxylic acid ester group also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof, such as, partial ester, fractional ester, blown fatty acid *.

(1) Note. -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

(2) Note. Blown fatty acid * is oxidized fatty acids which have increased saponification value and acid value, and therefor are assumed to contain both acid and ester groups, which combination of groups is provided for in this subclass and its indents.

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132+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

187	........ The compound contains ether group:

This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains carboxylic acid ester group and contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof also contains ether group.

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132+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

188	*......... The compound is a carbohydrate or carbohydrate-derivative:*

This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen is a carbohydrate* or carbohydrate-derivative*, such as, monosaccharide or polysaccharide.

(1) Note. Carbohydrates are compounds which are saccharides whose monomeric units are polyhydroxy mono-aldehydes or polyhydroxy mono-ketones, having the formula C n(H 2O) n, where n is five or six, or the corresponding cyclic hemiacetals thereof. Carbohydrate-derivatives maintain the carbon skeleton and the carbonyl function or hemi-acetal function of the saccharide.

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132+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

189	....... The compound contains ether group:

This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains carboxylic acid ester group also contains ether group.

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132+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

190	...... The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof (e.g., glyceride soap, naphthenic acid):

This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof, such as, glyceride soap, naphthenic acid.

(1) Note. -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

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132+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

191	...... The compound contains ether group (e.g., polyethylene oxide):

This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen contains ether group, such as, polyethylene oxide.

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132+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

192	*....... The compound is a carbohydrate or carbohydrate-derivative:*

This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains oxygen is a carbohydrate* or carbohydrate-derivative*, such as, monosaccharide or polysaccharide.

(1) Note. Carbohydrates are compounds which are saccharides whose monomeric units are polyhydroxy mono-aldehydes or polyhydroxy mono-ketones, having the formula C n(H 2O) n, where n is five or six, or the corresponding cyclic hemiacetals thereof. Carbohydrate-derivatives maintain the carbon skeleton and the carbonyl function or hemi-acetal function of the saccharide.

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132+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

193	....... The compound contains substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring (e.g., oxyalkylated bisphenol):

This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which contains ether group also contains substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring (e.g., oxyalkylated bisphenol).

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132+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of foams.

194	.. Breaking (resolving) or inhibiting by vaporizing, heating, or cooling:

This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter in which breaking (resolving) or inhibiting the emulsion colloid system is performed by vaporizing, heating, or cooling.

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135,	for dilution performed only with a material* which is the same as the primary component of one of the two liquid phase in order to effect breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system, and not combined with a step of vaporizing, heating, or cooling (as provided for subclasses 194+, below) and not combined with a step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating (as provided for in subclass 197, below), there being no indented subclass providing for this subject matter.
136+,	for subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains a solid surface functioning material*, i.e., solid adsorbent, absorbent, or differential adherence surface, such as, filter media, sharp edged particles.
139+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent)); particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent which contains a material* which is only inorganic, and subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent which contains a material* which contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*.
197,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.

195	... With centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating:

This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Subject matter in which breaking (resolving) or inhibiting the emulsion colloid system is performed by vaporizing, heating, or cooling and is further combined with (or simultaneous with) a step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating.

(1) Note. Specified agitating means the operation or step of agitating includes more than merely the use of the term agitating or synonym thereof, such as, a stated RPM, high-shear , specified impeller type, length of time. If the specific feature is not claimed, placement is not mandatory.

196	... With dilution by principal component of one of the phases:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Subject matter in which breaking (resolving) or inhibiting the emulsion colloid system is performed by vaporizing, heating, or cooling and is further combined with (or simultaneous with) a step of dilution by a principal component of one of the phases.

197	.. Breaking (resolving) or inhibiting by centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating:

This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter in which breaking (resolving) or inhibiting the emulsion colloid system is performed by centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating.

(1) Note. Specified agitating means the operation or step of agitating includes more than merely the use of the term agitating or synonym thereof, such as, a stated RPM, high-shear , specified impeller type, length of time. If the specific feature is not claimed, placement is not mandatory.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

135,	for dilution performed only with a material* which is the same as the primary component of one of the two liquid phase in order to effect breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system, and not combined with a step of vaporizing, heating, or cooling (as provided for subclasses 194+, below) and not combined with a step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating (as provided for in subclass 197, below), there being no indented subclass providing for this subject matter.
136+,	for subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains a solid surface functioning material*, i.e., solid adsorbent, absorbent, or differential adherence surface, such as, filter media, sharp edged particles.
139+,	for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains material* different from the primary components of both liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent)); particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent which contains a material* which is only inorganic, and subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent which contains a material* which contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*.
194+,	for subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling, and without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary component of both liquid phases.

198	COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING A WETTING AGENT; PROCESSES OF WETTING; PROCESSES OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS (E.G., SPREADING, PENETRATING, LEVELING):

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which is a (1) composition specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in wetting surfaces, (2) mere methods of using such compositions or of using compounds, per se, to perform a process of wetting (3) compositions useful in making compositions for wetting, or (4) methods of making the compositions; which includes uses described by such terms as spreading, penetrating, or leveling.

(1) Note. Agent* refers to the effective material*, energy, or means which acts in the given context. The term agent also includes subcombinations of an agent* composition, such as adjuvants*. (Thus, the term agent* may apply to a compound or composition which may not be fully functional for its stated context, or its functionality may be greatly enhanced by another component which is not present.) Note that although a compound can be an agent*, this class does not provide for compounds, per se. An agent* may be physical or energy.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

8,	Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, see the main class definition for the special use compositions classified therein, which include those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for such use, including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods (such as surfactant compositions, per se): surfactants and colloid systems useful in Class 8 processes and compositions include, but are not limited to, wetting agents (e.g., with dyes), deaerating agents, foam suppressants, foam carriers (e.g., for dyeing, finishing, coating), see subclasses 400 through 696for dyeing compositions including wetting agents.
137,	Fluid Handling, subclass 13 for processes in which flow of fluent material is facilitated by the addition of material which affects the flow characteristics of the fluent material (e.g., suspending agent, viscosity reducing agent), or by the application of heat or other forms of energy.
162,	Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, digest 3 for wetting agent.
205,	Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 699 for electrolytic erosion of a workpiece for shape or surface change (e.g., etching, polishing, etc.) (process and electrolyte composition) wherein the electrolyte is held into contact with a portion of the workpiece surface by surface tension or capillary action.
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants (i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art recognized as such.
429,	Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product and Process, subclass 250 for apparatus having separator, retainer, spacer or materials for use for producing an electrical current in combination with a wetting agent or surfactant.
504,	Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for such use.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces which may be wetting agents. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to wetting agents include: subclass 364 for compositions for displacing organic liquid film from a solid surface which may include a wetting agent, subclass 365 for compositions for removing greasy or oily contaminant from a substrate which may include a wetting agent, subclasses subclass 514 for dishwasher rinse composition which may be a wetting agent.
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, cross-reference art collection 946+ for subject matter involving the increasing or enhancing of the rate or amount of active ingredient absorbed into the treated subject (e.g., skin, digestive tract).
520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference). subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the 520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.
523,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclass 175 for liquid-solid drag reduction composition).

199	. The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter in which the wetting agent* contains an organic* compound containing Phosphorus.

200	*. The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy:**

This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter in which the wetting agent* contains an organic* compound containing sulfoxy*.

(1) Note. The term sulfoxy* means a radical containing a sulfur-oxygen double bond. Examples of sulfoxy* containing compounds include; sulfate, sulfonate, and sulfone compounds.

201	.. The compound contains nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter in which the wetting agent* which contains an organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

202	.. The compound contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof:

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter in which the wetting agent* which contains an organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.

(1) Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

203	. The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+:

This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter in which the wetting agent* contains an organic* compound containing nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

(1) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

204	. The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen (e.g., carboxylic acid ester):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter in which the wetting agent* contains an organic* compound containing oxygen, such as, carboxylic acid ester.

900	LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIAL OF, OR FOR, COLLOID SYSTEM (E.G., G PHASE):

This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses subject matter relating to liquid crystal materials* of or for colloid systems.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

252,

Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252. See subclasses 299.01+ for liquid crystal compositions.

523,

Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclass 171 for nonporous synthetic polymeric compositions having opalescent, pearlescent, or variegated color.

901	SUBSTANTIALLY PURE CARBON (E.G., GRAPHITE, LAMP BLACK, CARBON BLACK, FULLERENES):

This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses subject matter relating to a colloid system comprising substantially pure carbon in one of its various forms such as graphite, lamp black, carbon black, fullerenes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

32,	for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase.
38+,	for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

44,	Fuel and Related Compositions, for compositions to be used either as a fuel or as a carbonaceous reductant, subclasses 280+ for solid carbonaceous fuel dispersed in a liquid medium.
106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclasses 20+ for compositions specially designed for use as inks (e.g., marking, writing, printing, ink jet, crayon compositions), subclasses 472+ for materials or ingredients specialized for use as pigments, fillers, or aggregates in coating or plastic compositions wherein the composition contains carbon in the elemental form, e.g., carbon black, etc.
201,	Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, appropriate subclasses, for a process of making coke.
241,	Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclasses 15+ (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, whether such suspensions be disclosed as colloidal or not.
252,	Compositions, subclass 502 for compositions which either conduct or emit electrons and which contain as an ingredient elemental carbon.
423,	Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclasses 445+ for products or processes of making same wherein the product is free carbon in substantially pure form, such as, diamond, fullerenes.
502,	Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, subclasses 416+ , for sorbent compositions which are free carbon containing; the term "activated carbon" will be construed as indicating a composition comprising carbon and unidentified components, functioning as a sorbent for this class.
508,	Solid Anti-Friction Device, Materials Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, subclasses 113+ for lubricants containing graphite, coal, or elemental Carbon which may be colloid-sized dispersion. This class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.

902	GELLED EMULSION:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses subject matter relating to a colloid system comprising a solid matrix colloid system (gel) formed directly from an emulsion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

98+,	for gelled emulsion.

903	TWO OR MORE GELLANTS:

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses two or more gellants (gel agents*) present in the composition or system.

904	FERMENTATION FOAM BREAKING OR INHIBITING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses foam breaking or inhibiting subject matter in the context of fermentation technology.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

115+,

for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (foams).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

435,

Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed or coverted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), and foreign art collection FOR 184 for method of using genetically engineered cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup.

905	AGENT COMPOSITION, PER SE, FOR COLLOID SYSTEM MAKING OR STABILIZING (E.G., FOAMING, EMULSIFYING, DISPERSING, GELLING; FOR WETTING AGENTS SEE 516/198+):

This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for subject matter relating to colloid systems having a continuous gas or vapor phase, such as smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist, aerosolizing.
9+,	for subject matter relating to colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase (e.g., foams, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions).
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

252,	Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include: subclass 3 , 6.5, 8.05 for fire extinguishing foams, subclasses 610+ for fire retarding compositions in the form of dispersion or colloid system, subclasses 8.57, 8.61+, 8.81+, and 8.91+ for various specialized compositions for leather, fur, or textile treating, subclass 61 for froth flotation compositions used in physical separation, subclasses 182.11+ for compositions containing a single reactant or plural reactants specialized or designed for use in subsequent reactions with other materials, but not with each other (e.g., for producing foams), subclasses 186.1+ for compositions for bleaching by oxidation, or in other oxidation of extraneous substances, or in generating oxygen, subclasses 175+ for compositions for treating water to soften or purify it, to precipitate impurities in it, or to inhibit formation of scale or incrustation in steam boilers or other water containers, subclass 194 for a composition which is designed to remove or bind water which may be in the form of a gel or which forms a gel, subclass 363.5 for finely divided solids combined with an agent to facilitate dispersion, subclass 367.1 for soap containing compositions (these are alkali-metal (i.e., Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs) salts of unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted, saturated or unsaturated, higher fatty acids, or of rosin (abietic) acids) which are of general utility and lack any shape or structure to adapt them for use as cleaning agents, subclasses 610+ for fire retarding compositions in the form of dispersion or colloid system, subclasses 634+ for radioactive compositions in the form of sol solution or gel.
507,	Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents (especially subclass 102 for compositions which may contain foam), subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents (especially subclass 202 for compositions which may contain foam), cross-reference art collection 922+ for fracture fluids which may be gels.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces which may be gel or paste. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to the per se surfactants used in colloid systems or wetting agents include: subclasses 405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants (particularly subclass 406 for gas-propelled, subclass 417 for plural immiscible liquid phases (e.g., emulsion, oily and aqueous layers), subclass 418 for liquid and solid phases (e.g., suspension, slurry)), subclass 514 for dishwasher rinse composition which may be a wetting agent, subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste).
530,	Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like proteins; Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include: subclasses 200+ for natural resin derivatives which are not pure compounds, and processes of treating natural resins or derivatives (e.g., wood, gum, and tall oil rosin; wood or pine tar or pitch; shellac; copals from various sources, both recent and fossil, such as Congo, Manila, etc.; amber; dammar; kauri; coal resin; gum accroides; sandarac; cativo resin).

906	. The agent contains organic compound containing silicon:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 905 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains organic* compound containing silicon.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains silicon.
13,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains silicon.
23,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains silicon.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains silicon.
38+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains silicon.
55,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains silicon.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains silicon.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains silicon.

907	. The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus (e.g., lecithin):

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 905 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains organic* compound containing phosphorus, such as, lecithin.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus.
13,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus.
24,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus.
40,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus.
56+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus.

908	.. The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 907 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which contains an organic* compound which contains phosphorus also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
13,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
24,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
40,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
57,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains Phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).

909	*. The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy:**

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 905 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains organic* compound containing sulfoxy*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*.
14,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*.
25+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*.
41+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*.
58+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy*.

910	.. The compound contains nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 909 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which contains organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains Nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
14,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
26,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
41+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
59+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

911	... The compound contains -S(O 2)NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 910 in which the organic* compound contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
14,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
26,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
41+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
59+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

912	... The compound contains -C(=O)NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 910 in which the organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
14,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
26,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
41+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
59+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

913	.. The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 909 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which contains organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.

(1) Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
14,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
25+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
41+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
58+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.

914	. The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 905 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
15+,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
27,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
43+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
67+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the Nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

915	.. The compound contains -C(=O)NHH where substitution may be made for the hydrogen:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 914 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains organic* compound which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
15+,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
27,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
43+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
67+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.

916	.. The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 914 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which contains organic* compound containing nitrogen also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
15+,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
27,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
43+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
67+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.

917	. The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 905 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains organic* compound which contains oxygen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains oxygen.
18+,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains oxygen.
28+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains oxygen.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains oxygen.
46+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains oxygen.
72+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains oxygen.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains oxygen.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains oxygen.

918	.. The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 917 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains carboxylic acid ester group.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains carboxylic acid ester group.
18+,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains carboxylic acid ester group.
28+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains carboxylic acid ester group.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains carboxylic acid ester group.
46+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains carboxylic acid ester group.
73+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains carboxylic acid ester group.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains carboxylic acid ester group.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains carboxylic acid ester group.

919	.. The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 917 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.

(1) Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
18+,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
28+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
46+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
75+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.

920.	.. The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene):

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 917 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).

(1) Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
18+,	for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
28+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid (e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
31+,	for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
46+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
76,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
77+,	for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
98+,	for subject matter relating to colloid system having a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
113+,	for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).

921	COLLOID SYSTEMS HAVING SPECIFIED HIGH PURITY (E.G., ULTRA-PURE SILICA):

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses colloid systems having specified high purity, such as, ultra-pure silica.

922	COLLOID SYSTEMS HAVING SPECIFIED PARTICLE SIZE, RANGE, OR DISTRIBUTION (E.G., BIMODAL PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION):

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses colloid systems having specified particle size, range, or distribution, such as, having a bimodal particle distribution.

923	. Emulsion:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 922 in which the colloid system is an emulsion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

20,	for subject matter related to oil-in-oil emulsion.
21+,	for subject matter related to water-in-oil emulsion.
53+,	for subject matter related to oil-in-water emulsion.

924	SIGNIFICANT DISPERSIVE OR MANIPULATIVE OPERATION OR STEP IN MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEM:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses a significant dispersive or manipulative operation or step in making or stabilizing a colloid system.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

366,

Agitating, subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid into a gel, subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes agitation and injection of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, subclasses 279+ for apparatus with rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam, and cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making foam or lather, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint.

507,

Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents (especially subclass 102 for compositions which may contain foam), subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents (especially subclass 202 for compositions which may contain foam), cross-reference art collection 922+ for fracture fluids which may be gels.

925	. Phase inversion:

	A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 924 which discloses an operation or a step of phase inversion, such as oil-in-water inverted to water-in-oil.

926	. Phase change (e.g., melting):

	A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 924 which discloses an operation or a step of phase change, such as melting.

927	. In situ formation of a colloid system making or stabilizing agent which includes a chemical reaction:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 924 which discloses an operation or a step of an in situ formation of colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which includes a chemical reaction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

39,

for subject matter relating to colloid system containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent*, which is formed in situ from at least one native precursor by adding inorganic* alkaline material* to the colloid system or a precursor of it, such as adding NaOH or TSP (trisodium phosphate) to a natively present acid,.

928	. Mixing combined with non-mixing operation or step, successively or simultaneously (e.g., heating or cooling, pH change, ageing, milling):

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 924 which discloses an operation or a step of mixing combined with non-mixing operation or step, successively or simultaneously, such as, heating, cooling, pH change, ageing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

366,

Agitating, subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid into a gel, subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes agitation and injection of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, subclasses 279+ for apparatus with rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam, and cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making foam or lather, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint.

522,

Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclass 3 for processes of forming or modifying a solid polymer wherein wave energy is employed and wherein specified mixing, stirring, agitating, movement of material or directional orientation is employed; or compositions therefore,

929	. Specified combination of agitation steps (e.g., mixing to make subcombination composition followed by homogenization):

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 924 which discloses specified combination of agitation steps, such as, mixing to make subcombination composition followed by homogenization.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

366,

Agitating, subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid into a gel, subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes agitation and injection of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, subclasses 279+ for apparatus with rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam, and cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making foam or lather, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint.

522,

Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclass 3 for processes of forming or modifying a solid polymer wherein wave energy is employed and wherein specified mixing, stirring, agitating, movement of material or directional orientation is employed; or compositions therefore,

930	.. Low shear followed by high shear:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 929 which discloses a low shear step followed by a high shear step.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

366,

Agitating, subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid into a gel, subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes agitation and injection of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, subclasses 279+ for apparatus with rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam, and cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making foam or lather, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint.

522,

Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclass 3 for processes of forming or modifying a solid polymer wherein wave energy is employed and wherein specified mixing, stirring, agitating, movement of material or directional orientation is employed; or compositions therefore,

931	.. High shear followed by low shear:

A collection of art under cross-reference art collection 929 which discloses a high shear step followed by low shear step.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

366,

Agitating, subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid into a gel, subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes agitation and injection of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, subclasses 279+ for apparatus with rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam, and cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making foam or lather, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint.

522,

Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, subclass 3 for processes of forming or modifying a solid polymer wherein wave energy is employed and wherein specified mixing, stirring, agitating, movement of material or directional orientation is employed; or compositions therefore.

FOR000

CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS

	This subclass has no definition.

FOR 100

COLLOIDS AND POTENTAIL COLLOIDS; CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF MAKING AND BREAKING:

Foreign art collections including compositions which are colloid systems; processes of making or of resolving (breaking) the same; gels, coagulates; potential dispersands (compositions containing in each case a material adapted to be colloidally dispersed and a substance for colloidally dispersing or stabilizing a colloidal dispersion of the same); processes of using colloid systems; compositions specialized and designed for use in, or peculiar to, such systems, gels, coagulates, dispersands, or processes, including wetting agents, substances for stabilizing, resolving, or inhibiting formation of such systems, and for dispersing materials.

FOR 101

. Including separations or comminutions by colloid functions:

Foreign art collections including (1) separating two or more materials, which differ from each other either chemically or merely physically, or (2) comminuting or preparing materials in a finely-divided state, as final products substantially free from colloid stabilizers therefor, by procedures which comprise formations of resolutions of colloid systems or use of such systems as agents, or (3) products made by such processes.

FOR 102

. Colloid (polyphase discontinuous dispersion) systems:

	Foreign art collections including colloid systems or processes of making the same.

FOR 103

.. Smokes, fogs, or gaseous primary dispersants:

	Foreign art collections including colloid systems in which the outermost continuous phase (outermost dispersion medium) is a gas, or processes of making the same.

FOR 104

.. Liquid primary dispersants:

	Foreign art collections including colloid systems in which the outermost continuous phase (outermost dispersion medium) is a liquid, or processes of making the same.

FOR 105

... Foams or gaseous primary dispersands:

	Foreign art collections including colloid systems which include a gas directly dispersed in the outermost (liquid) phase, or processes of making the same.

FOR 106

... Organic major dispersants only:

	Foreign art collections including colloid systems in which the major part of the outermost continuous phase consists of one or more organic compounds, or processes of making the same.

FOR 107

.... Inorganic major dispersands only:

	Foreign art collections including colloid systems in which the major part of the solid or liquid matter, directly dispersed in the outermost phase, consists of one or more chemical elements or inorganic compounds.

FOR 108

... Water as major dispersant only:

	Foreign art collections including colloid systems in which the major part of the outermost continuous phase consists of water, or processes of making the same.

FOR 109

.... Organic major dispersands only:

	Foreign art collections including colloid systems in which the major part of the solid or liquid matter directly dispersed in the outermost phase consists of one or more organic compounds.

FOR 110

..... Bituminous dispersands:

	Foreign art collections including colloid systems wherein the dispersands comprise a bituminous material which is usually a solid or semi-solid hydrocarbon such as, for example, asphalt, pitch, tar or paraffin wax.

FOR 111

..... Oil or liquid dispersands:

	Foreign art collections including colloid systems in which the matter directly dispersed in the outermost phase is an oil or is in a liquid state.

FOR 112

.... Inorganic major dispersands only:

	Foreign art collections including colloid systems in which the major part of the solid or liquid matter directly dispersed in the outermost phase consists of one or more chemical elements or inorganic compounds.

FOR 113

..... Silica:

	Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein silica is the chemical element or in the inorganic compound.

FOR 114

... Dispersive or manipulative operations:

	Foreign art collections including processes which include making colloid systems in which in each case the outermost continuous phase is a liquid.

FOR 115

. Gels, coagulates, or dispersands:

	Foreign art collections including subject matter that includes a gel, coagulate or a potential dispersand, i.e., a composition which contains a material, adapted to be colloidally dispersed, admixed with a substance either for colloidally dispersing or stabilizing a colloidal dispersion or processes of making thereof.

FOR 116

.. Organic:

	Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the composition contains organic material.

FOR 117

... Inorganic material coated, impregnated, or surface-modified with organic material:

	Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein inorganic material has been rendered organophilic by coating, inpregnating or surface-modifying with organic material.

FOR 118

... Carbohydrate or derivative:

	Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the organic material is a carbohydrate or derivative thereof.

FOR 119

... Carboxylic acid ester, acid, or salt thereof:

	Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the organic material is a carboxylic acid ester, acid or salt thereof.

FOR 120

.. Metal silicate or clay:

	Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the composition contains a metal silicate or clay, e.g., bentonite, kaolin, etc.

FOR 121

.. Silica:

	Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the composition contains silica.

FOR 122

.. Alumina:

	Foreign art collections including subject matter wherein the composition contains alumina.

FOR 123

. Potential dispersanats, or dispersands with colloidization inhibitants:

	Foreign art collections including compositions which include material which, per se, is adapted to a colloidally disperse, or be colloidally dispersed, or function as a colloid dispersion medium, and a substance for preventing or inhibiting colloidal dispersal of or in such material.

FOR 124

. Resolving colloids or inhibiting colloidization:

Foreign art collections including processes which include breaking an emulsion; separating part or all of any colloidally dispersed phase or colloid dispersion medium from part, or all, of any other phase of a colloid system; destroying the colloidal dispersion state of part or all of any colloidally dispersed phase; inhibiting formation of an emulsion or other colloid system, or inhibiting colloidal dispersal of matter.

FOR 125

.. Liquid primary dispersants:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the colloid systems treated or formations thereof inhibited, include in each case a colloid system in which the outermost continuous phase (outermost dispersion medium) is a liquid.

FOR 126

... Foams or gaseous primary dispersands:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the substance directly dispersed in the outermost phase of the colloid system treated, or formation thereof inhibited, is a gas.

FOR 127

... Adsorbent or solid surface functioning treating substances:

	Foreign art collections including processes which include bringing the materials to be treated into contact with solid agents which function as adsorbents, solid physical absorbents, differential adherence surfaces, or otherwise as loose particulate solid matter functioning physically only.

FOR 128

.... Organic and inorganic agents (except water):

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the treating substance contains both an organic compound and a free chemical element or an inorganic compound, other than water.

FOR 129

.... Inorganic agents (except water):

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the treating substances contain free chemical elements or inorganic compounds, other than water.

FOR 130

.... Organic agents:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the treating substances contain organic compounds.

FOR 131

... Added nongaseous dissimilar treating substances:

	Foreign art collections including processes which include adding solid or liquid treating substances other than the principal components of the material treated.

FOR 132

.... Added dissimilar solvents, bindants, or liquid baths:

Foreign art collections including processes which include adding treating substances, other than mere carrier-solvents for other treating agents, and other than the principal components of the material treated in each case, which physically or chemically dissolve, bind, or destroy, part or all of the colloidally dispersed substances or colloid dispersion media, other than the stabilizing agents or which are liquid baths.

FOR 133

.... Resolving aqueous-petroleum or aqueous-hydrocarbon systems:

	Foreign art collections including processes under subclass 326 in which the colloid systems treated, or formation thereof inhibited, include colloidal dispersions of water in petroleum or hydrocarbons or vice versa.

FOR 134

..... Organic and inorganic agents (except water):

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added treating substance includes both an organic compound and a free chemical element or an inorganic compound other than water.

FOR 135

..... Inorganic agents (except water):

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added treating substance includes a free chemical element or inorganic compound other than water.

FOR 136

..... Organic agents:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added treating substance includes an organic compound.

FOR 137

...... Organic sulphoxy compound containing:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added substance includes an organic compound which contains a sulfo or sulfate radical or sulfur joined directly to oxygen.

FOR 138

....... Petroleum-sulphoxy compound containing:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added substance includes an organic compound produced by treating petroleum or fraction thereof with sulfuric acid or other sulfonating agent.

FOR 139

........ Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added substance includes an organic amine, amide, or nitrogen-base radical.

FOR 140

....... Protein or carboxylic compound containing:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added substance includes a protein or an organic compound having a carboxyl radical.

FOR 141

........ Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added substance includes an organic amine, amide, or nitrogen-base radical.

FOR 142

........ Carbocyclic or nonaliphatic sulphoxy or carboxylic compound:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which an added sulfoxy or carboxylic compound contains a carbon ring or is not an aliphatic compound.

FOR 143

....... Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added substance includes an organic amine, amide, or nitrogen-base radical.

FOR 144

....... With non-sulphoxy non-carboxylic non-amine compounds:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added substance includes an organic compound which does not contain a sulfo or sulfate radical, sulfur joined directly to oxygen, or a carboxyl, amine, amide, or nitrogen-base radical.

FOR 145

...... Protein or carboxylic compound containing:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added substance includes a protein or an organic compound having a carboxyl radical.

FOR 146

....... Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added substance includes an organic amine, amide, or nitrogen-base radical.

FOR 147

....... Carbocyclic or non-aliphatic carboxylic compound containing:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which an added carboxylic compound contains a carbon ring or is not an aliphatic compound.

FOR 148

....... With non-carboxylic non-amine compounds:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added treating substance includes an organic compound which does not contain a carboxylic, amine, amide, or nitrogen-base radical.

FOR 149

...... Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added substance includes an organic amine, amide, or nitrogen-base radical.

FOR 150

...... With elements other than C, H, and O:

	Foreign art collections including processes in which the added treating substance comprises an organic compound which contains an element other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

FOR 151

... Vaporizing, heating, or cooling:

	Foreign art collections including processes which include vaporizing, heating, or cooling part, or all, of any phase.

FOR 152

.... With mechanical treatment:

	Foreign art collections including processes which include mechanical treatment.

FOR 153

.... With added component:

	Foreign art collections including processes which include addition, to the material being treated of one or more of the principal components thereof.

FOR 154

... Mechanically:

	Foreign art collections including processes which include filtering, centrifuging, mechanical shock or other mechanical treatment.

FOR 155

. Gas-generating agent containing:

	Foreign art collections including compositions for use in producing foams which comprise in each case a foam-stabilizing agent and a substance for use in generating a gas chemically or otherwise.

FOR 156

. Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents:

	Foreign art collections including compositions which comprise wetting, emulsifying, foam-stabilizing or colloid dispersing or stabilizing agents, or processes of making such compositions.

FOR 157

.. Organic and inorganic agents containing (except water):

	Foreign art collections including compositions which comprise both an organic compound and a free chemical element or an inorganic compound other than water, or processes of making such compositions.

FOR 158

.. Organic sulphoxy compound containing:

	Foreign art collections including compositions which comprise organic compounds which contain a sulfo or sulfate radical or sulfur joined directly to oxygen, or processes of making such compositions.

FOR 159

... Protein or carboxylic compound containing:

	Foreign art collections including compositions which comprise proteins or organic compounds which contain carboxyl radicals, or processes of making such compositions.

FOR 160

... Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing:

	Foreign art collections including compositions which comprise organic compounds which contain amine, amide or nitrogen-base radicals, or processes of making such compositions.

FOR 161

.. Protein or carboxylic compound containing:

	Foreign art collections including compositions which comprise proteins or organic compounds which contain carboxyl radicals, or processes of making such compositions.

FOR 162

.. Organic, amine, amide, or N-base containing:

	Foreign art collections including compositions which comprise organic compounds which contain amine, amide, or nitrogen-base radicals, or processes of making such compositions.

FOR 163

. Emulsification or liquid dispersant colloidization-inhibiting, emulsion breaking or liquid dispersant colloids resolving agents:

	Foreign art collections including compositions which are substances for use in breaking emulsions or resolving colloid systems, or inhibiting formation of emulsions or other colloids, in which the primary dispersants are liquids, or processes of making such compositions.

DIG1	WETTING, EMULSIFYING, DISPERSING, OR STABILIZING AGENTS (252/351)

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG2	. Organic and inorganic agents containing (except water) (252/352)

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG3	. Organic sulfoxy compound containing (252/353)

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG4	.. Protein or carboxylic compound containing (252/354)

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG5	.. Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing (252/355)

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG6	. Protein or carboxylic compound containing (252/356)

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG7	. Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing (252/357)

	This subclass has no definition.