*****TBD*****

through 111.35, for carrier particles, per se.

46.1	.. Process with identified radiation-conductive element or composition (e.g., photoreceptor, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 42.1. Processes wherein the identified radiation-conductive element or composition, which is identified by its chemically identified composition (e.g., copper phthalocyanine photogenerating pigments, etc.) or physically identified property (e.g., surface free energy, etc.), forms a multicolor image.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

56,	through 96, for radiation-sensitive compositions and products (e.g., photoreceptors, photoreceptor composition, etc.), per se.

46.2	... Plural charge generation layers:

This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1. Processes wherein the identified radiation-conductive element comprises plural identified layers containing photogenerating pigment, such as phthalocyanine and azo, to form a multicolor image.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

57.2,

through 57.8, for radiation-sensitive composition or product having plural charge generation layers, per se.

46.3	... Color filter layer:

This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1. Processes wherein the radiation-conductive element has a color filter layer.

(1) Note. Included in this subclass are processes wherein a color filter is part of the radiation-conductive element (i.e., photoreceptor) structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

66,	and 67, for radiation-sensitive products, per se, having an overlayer on the radiation-conductive layer.

46.4	... Identified organic binder:

This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1. Process wherein the identified radiation-conductive element has a specified organic binder (i.e., having a specifically named or identified by chemical structure), which functions to hold a layer of the radiation-conductive element composition together.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

96,	for a binder for radiation-conductive composition.

46.5	... Inorganic-containing radiation conductive composition:

This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1. Process wherein the identified radiation-conductive element contains inorganic radiation-conductive material specifically named or identified by chemical structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

57.4,

through 57.8 and 84-95, for radiation-sensitive compositions.

47.1	.. Process with identified receptor or identified image transfer process step:

This subclass is indented under subclass 42.1. Processes wherein the identified receptor for receiving transferred or induced charge or transferred developing composition is chemically identified (e.g., polyester transport support, etc.) or physically identified (e.g., gloss factor, etc.), or named image transfer process step is used to produce a multicolor image.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 298 through 305for an apparatus having an arrangement for either sequentially or simultaneously transferring a developed image having two or more different colors from one surface to another.

47.2	... Plural color images transferred to receptor:

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Processes wherein plural color images are formed and transferred to a receptor to produce the multicolor image.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclass 301 for an apparatus having an arrangement for producing correct alignment of overlapped or superimposed multiple toner images.

47.3	... Stripping toner image layer from imaging element:

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Processes wherein the layer having a toner image is stripped away from the imaging element.

(1) Note. Usually the layer having the toner image is removed from the radiation conductive surface of the radiation-conductive element.

47.4	... Identified intermediate receptor:

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Processes wherein an intermediate receptor, used in the transferring process to produce a multicolor image, is identified by chemical or physical components or identified by property (e.g., a polyester belt, Asker C hardness, etc.).

(1) Note. The intermediate receptor may be identified by chemical composition, structure, or physical property with greater specificity than "organic" or "inorganic."

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclass 302 for an apparatus having an arrangement to transfer a developed color image to an intermediary surface or medium before transferring it to a final medium.

47.5	... Identified final receptor:

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Processes wherein the multicolor toner image is formed on an identified final receptor.

(1) Note. The final receptor may be identified by chemical composition, structure, or physical property with greater specificity than "organic" or "inorganic."

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

428,	Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 98 through 220for a structurally defined web or sheet, per se.

48	. Electrostatic image transfer:

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes wherein a latent electrostatic image in or on a first member is transferred to or reproduced on a separate second member by either (a) conduction of electrical charges across an air gap between members, or (b) when the members are in surface contact by direct charge transfer between the members or by the influence of the electrical charges of the image. The latent electrostatic image is usually obtained by uniformly charging, and imaging a radiation-conductive layer with radiation to form an image of electrostatic surface charge on the layer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

125.5,

for transfer of the image that has been developed using a toner, including utilizing an electrostatic force (e.g., corona charging, potential difference, etc.).

49.1	. To produce printing surface:

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes to form a member having intended use as a surface for a printing process wherein multiple copies are produced, such as by applying and transferring a coating material such as ink.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

204,	205, and 300-310, for imaging processes other than electric or magnetic imaging utilized to manufacture printing plates.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

101,	Printing, appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 483 through 493, for printing processes.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
IPC⁸	G030	G 13/26	for the production of printing plates for nonxerographic printing processes.
ECLA	G03G	13/26	for the production of printing plates for nonxerographic printing processes.

49.2	.. Driographic (i.e., waterless) printing surface:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.1. Processes intended to produce a printing plate for a driographic, waterless printing process (i.e., a printing process wherein no aqueous solution is used to increase the oleophilic or oleophobic, or hydrophilic or hydrophobic differences at the surface of the plate prior to inking the surface of the printing plate).

(1) Note. In driographic printing, the lithographic printing plate consists of ink-accepting and ink-adhesive (ink-repelling) areas and only ink is supplied to the printing plate.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
ECLA	G03G	13/28D	for the production of printing plates for dry lithography.

49.3	.. Having toned image transfer:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.1. Processes to produce a printing plate including transferring a toned image to form the printing plate.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
ECLA	G03G	13/28B	for planographic printing plate obtained by a process including transfer of a toned image (i.e., indirect process).

49.31

... Toner release layer on imaging layer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.3. Processes wherein the imaging surface comprises a discrete release layer on which the toner image is formed prior to its transfer to another surface.

49.4	.. Having imagewise portion removal of radiation-sensitive imaging layer (e.g., dissolving, transfer, plasma etching, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.1. Processes wherein the process includes the removal of a portion of the image layer itself, such as a portion under toned areas or a portion under nontoned areas, to form a printing surface (e.g., dissolving, transfer, plasma etching, etc.).

49.41

... Removal of portion under imaging layer of toner area only:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.4. Processes wherein a portion of the image layer under toned imaged areas is removed.

49.42

... Includes etching substrate:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.4. Processes wherein at least a portion of the substrate, the layer under the toned image layer, is etched.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

216,	Etching a Substrate: Processes, subclass 41 for etching, per se.

49.43

... By wet removal (e.g., solvent, surface active agent solution, alkaline solution, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.4. Processes wherein the portion of the toned image layer to be removed is removed by liquid contact.

49.44

.... Toned image removed subsequent to nontoned portion removal:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.43. Processes wherein the toned image is removed following removal of the portion of the toned image layer not having the toned image.

49.45

.... Liquid or solution containing nitrogen-containing compound (e.g., ammonia hydroxide, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.43. Processes wherein the liquid or solution composition, used to remove the portion of the toned image layer, contains a nitrogen-containing compound.

49.46

.... Alkaline solution (e.g., Na⁺OH^- solution, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.43. Processes wherein the liquid or solution composition used to remove the portion of the toned image layer is an alkaline solution with other than a nitrogen-containing compound (e.g., Na⁺OH^- solution, etc.).

49.5	.. Posttreatment making nonimaged or nontoned areas hydrophilic:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.1. Processes wherein the process includes treating the nonimaged or nontoned areas of the imaging layer rendering those areas hydrophilic (e.g., to lessen the attraction for greasy, oily, or oleoresinous ink, etc.).

49.6	... Liquid posttreatment:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.5. Processes wherein the nonimaged, nontoned areas are treated with liquid to make those areas hydrophilic.

49.7	.... Nitrogen-containing compound (e.g., amine solution, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.6. Processes wherein the liquid solution has nitrogen-containing compound (e.g., amine solution, etc.).

49.8	..... Cyano-containing compound (e.g., FeCN, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.7. Processes wherein the nitrogen-containing compound has a cyano group (i.e., CN group, such as ferrous cyanide).

50	. Deformation imaging, e.g., frost imaging, etc.:

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes wherein the imaged medium is used to form a deformation image usually in the form of a relief or frost pattern by deforming a compliant layer or film. The deformation of the compliant layer is mostly performed by heating or solvent treatment. Sometimes the imaging and deformation of the compliant layer are done simultaneously.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

48,	for deformation image formation which additionally uses a charge transfer step to a separate member.
290,	for light-scattering images not involving electric or a magnetic imaging.

51	. Persistent internal polarization imaging:

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes wherein the simultaneous application of an electric field and electromagnetic irradiation upon a medium produces a persistent internal polarization within the radiation conductive insulator of the medium in the form of a separation of positive or negative charges for a finite time. The application of electromagnetic irradiation is oftentimes done in an imagewise configuration.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 130+ for image formation.

52	. Electrolysis imaging:

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes wherein a radiation-conductive plate having a latent conductivity image is used as an electrode to form a deposited image thereon when an electrical potential difference is applied across an electrolyte in electrical contact with the electrode and the plate. The deposition usually occurs subsequent to the formation of the latent conductivity image and is sometimes referred to as photoconductography.

53	. Using ion or particle flow modulation:

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes wherein an image is formed by modulation of ion or particles directed upon the medium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,

Electrophotography, subclasses 9+ for diagnostics, subclasses 38+ for controls, subclasses 130+ for image formation, subclasses 168+ for charging, subclasses 177+ for exposure, subclasses 222+ for development, subclasses 297+ for transfer, subclasses 320+ for fixing, subclasses 343+ for cleaning, and subclasses 361+ for document handling.

54	. To produce multiple image on medium or plural radiant energy exposures of medium, e.g., image intensification using two images, or two exposures of same image, etc.:

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes wherein either multiple images are formed on the medium, or at least two radiant energy exposures are used to produce an image on the medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

97,

through 126.2, for producing more than one image record (e.g., a duplex image record wherein the image is on both sides of the record, etc.) on a material other than the radiant energy image receiving medium; and subclass 119.7 for producing an image record of different image carrying originals to be copied, especially when a cleaning feature is included between imaging procedures.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 9+ for diagnostics, subclasses 38+ for controls, subclasses 130+ for image formation, and subclasses 177+ for exposure, particularly subclass 194 for composite.

55	. Charging simultaneous with imaging:

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes wherein the surface of the medium is simultaneously electrically charged and subject to radiant energy imaging.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 9+ for diagnostics, subclasses 38+ for controls, and subclasses 168+ for charging.

56	. Radiation-sensitive composition or product:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Radiation-sensitive composition or product wherein the composition or product includes a radiation-conductive material which has the conductivity of, the magnetic condition of, or the electrical emissivity of the material altered by the action of radiation.

57.1	.. Having plural conductive layers:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter having plural layers conducting charge under action of radiation.

57.2	... With plural charge generation layers:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Subject matter having plural layers that generate free charge carriers by absorption of radiation at least one of which is identified by chemical name.

57.3	.... Nitrogen hetero ring compound in one or more charge generation layers:

This subclass is indented under subclass 57.2. Subject matter wherein at least one charge generator layer contains a compound having a nitrogen containing hetero ring.

(1) Note. A hetero ring is one that includes as ring members only (1) carbon and (2) at least one atom selected from nitrogen and chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

59.4,	for a phthalocyanine group containing compound a single charge generator layer.
76,	for compositions having a nitrogen containing hetero ring compound in a radiation-conductive composition.

57.4	.... Inorganic silicon (e.g., elemental silicon, silicon alloy, or inorganic silicon compound thereof) in one or more charge generation layers:

This subclass is indented under subclass 57.2. Subject matter wherein a charge generation layer contains silicon (Si) (e.g., polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, silicon alloys, inorganic compounds, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

136,	Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, subclasses 243 through 265for solar cells with two or more layers.
148,	Metal Treatment, subclasses 300 through 337for p-n type stock material.
252,	Compositions, subclass 501.1 for electrically conductive compositions.
257,	Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes), subclasses 53 through 56and subclasses 431-466 for active light responsive semiconductor devices containing silicon.

57.5	..... With germanium (elemental, compound or alloy) in layer containing silicon:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.4. Subject matter wherein germanium (Ge) is included in the layer containing silicon (e.g., Ge-Si alloy, etc.).

57.6	...... Germanium as dopant:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.5. Subject matter wherein the germanium (Ge) is present as a dopant, i.e., a small quantity that changes the properties of the silicon-containing layer.

57.7	..... P-type or n-type silicon containing (e.g., silicon doped with a Group IIIa or a Group Va element):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter .4 wherein the silicon is of p-type or n-type, e.g., doped with a Group IIIa (e.g., Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, etc.) or a Group Va (e.g., Nitrogen, Phosphorus, or Arsenic, etc.) element to give p (positive)-type or n (negative)-type conduction property.

57.8	.... Inorganic selenium (Se) (e.g., elemental selenium, selenium alloy, or inorganic compound thereof):

This subclass is indented under subclass 57.2. Subject matter wherein a charge generation layer contains selenium, e.g., elemental, alloyed, inorganic compound, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

85,	for single layer alloy containing compositions.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

257,	Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes), subclasses 53 through 56and subclasses 431-466 for and subclasses 431 for light responsive semiconductor devices containing selenium or its alloys.

58.05

... Charge transport layer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Subject matter having an identified layer facilitating transport of a charge, e.g., hole or electron movement.

58.1	.... Inorganic charge transport layer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.05. Subject matter wherein the charge transport layer consists of inorganic material (e.g. doped amorphous carbon, metallic alloy, etc.).

58.15

.... Sulfur containing hetero ring in charge transport layer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.05. Subject matter wherein the charge transport layer has a sulfur hetero ring compound (e.g., thiophene, phenothiazine, thiazole, etc.).

58.2	.... Organosilicon or organogermanium in charge transport layer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.05. Subject matter wherein the charge transport layer contains an organogermanium or an organosilicon compound, i.e., a compound wherein silicon or germanium is attached directly or indirectly by non-ionic bonding to carbon of an organic radical.

58.25

.... Cyclic ketone, cyclodicyanomethylene, or cyclomethylenemalonate in charge transport layer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.05. Subject matter wherein the charge transport layer contains a cyclic ketone compound, e.g., quinones O=ring=O; a polycyclic ring ketone, e.g., O= condensed rings, etc.; a cyclodicyanomethylene, e.g., (NC) ₂C=ring; or a cyclomethylenemalonate (ROCO)2C=ring wherein ring includes C to C unstauration (e.g., C=C) and R is alkyl or H.

58.3	.... Containing at least three aryl groups bonded to a single carbon atom in charge transport layer:

This subclass is indented under subclass 58.05. Subject matter wherein the charge transport layer contains a compound having at least three aryl rings bonded to a carbon atom, e.g., R" ₃CR, wherein R" is an aryl group, and R is hydrogen or a carbon containing radical.

(1) Note. Aryl denotes an organic radical derived from an aromatic ring by removal of a hydrogen atom bonded to a ring carbon of the ring system.

58.35

.... Organic nitrogen in charge transport layer:

	Subject matter under subclass QuickMark QuickMark 58.05 wherein the charge transport layer contains an organic nitrogen compound, e.g. amine (RNR" ₂), cyano (RCN) or nitro (RNO ₂), etc. wherein R is an organic radical and R" is H or an organic radical.

58.4	..... Hydrazone compound:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.35. Subject matter wherein the organic nitrogen compound is a hydrazone compound, i.e., compound of the formula R ₂N-N=CR ₂, wherein: R is H, or an organic carbon containing radical with at least one R being an organic carbon containing radical.

58.45

...... Additional nitrogen attached indirectly to the hydrazone group by nonionic bonding:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.4. Subject matter wherein the hydrazone compound includes an additional nitrogen that is bonded indirectly (e.g., additional nitrogen may be in a hetero ring, an additional hydrazone group, etc.) to the hydrazone group by nonionic bonding.

58.5	..... Nitrogen hetero ring compound:

This subclass is indented under subclass 58.35. Subject matter wherein the charge transport layer contains a compound having a nitrogen-containing hetero ring (i.e. nitrogen is in a ring which may contain more than one hetero atom), e.g., oxazoles, oxadiazoles, triazoles, phthalocyanines, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

75-82,

for compositions containing nitrogen containing hetero rings.

58.55

...... Pyrazole containing (e.g., including hydrogenated pyrazole, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.5. Subject matter wherein the nitrogen containing hetero ring is a pyrazole or a hydrogenated pyrazole, i.e., five member hetero ring containing N-N in 1,2 positions of the hetero ring.

58.6	...... Carbazole containing or derivative:

This subclass is indented under subclass 58.5. Subject matter wherein the nitrogen containing hetero ring is a carbazole or a hydrogenated carbazole.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

79-82,

for carbazole containing radiation conductive compositions.

58.65

..... Arylamine compound:

This subclass is indented under subclass 58.35. Subject matter wherein the charge transport layer contains a compound having an arylamine group, i.e., compounds of the formula R ₂NR" wherein: R" is an aryl group, and R is hydrogen, or a carbon containing radical.

(1) Note. Aryl denotes an organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon, which can be a five, six, or seven member ring system, by removal of one atom.

58.7	...... Polymeric arylamine containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.65. Subject matter wherein the charge transport layer contains an arylamine polymer, i.e., a long chain structure with repeating units that include an arylamine grouping, e.g., included in this subclass are polymers having multiple arylamine side groups attached to a polymeric backbone, and polymers having arylamines in the backbone.

58.75

...... Triamine, or diamine containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.65. Subject matter wherein the arylamine has two or three nitrogen, e.g., of the formula R ₂N-R"-NR ₂ wherein: R is an aromatic group R is hydrogen, or a carbon containing radical, etc.

58.8	....... 1,1"-biphenyl 4,4"-diamine containing (e.g., benzidine, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.75. Subject matter wherein the charge transport layer contains the diamine R ₂N-Ph-Ph-NR ₂, wherein: Ph-Ph is biphenylene R is hydrogen or a carbon containing radical.

58.85

...... Charge transport layer containing alkenylarylamine:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.65. Subject matter wherein the charge transport layer containing arylamine compound having an alkenyl group bonded, directly or indirectly, to the nitrogen (e.g., compounds having the formula R ₂N-R"-CR=CR ₂, wherein: R" is an arylene group R is hydrogen or a carbon containing radical.

59.1	.... And specified charge generator layer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.05. Subject matter setting forth at least a component of the charge generator layer composition.

59.2	..... Charge generator layer contains compound having an acyclic azo group (i.e., -N=N-):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1. Subject matter wherein the charge generator layer contains a compound having an acyclic azo group wherein the azo group is not part of a hetero ring, e.g., compounds of the formula R"-N=N-R", wherein: R" is an aryl group, etc.

59.3	...... Compound having an acyclic azo group and having either an azomethine (i.e., -CH=N) or a stilbene group; or a compound having three or more azo groups in charge generator layer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.2. Subject matter wherein the azo compound of the charge generator layer has at least three azo groups, or azomethine group, i.e., N=CH -, or a stilbene group (i.e.-Ph-CR=CR-Ph- wherein Ph is a phenylene group).

59.4	..... Phthalocyanine or phthalocyanine derivative compound in charge generator layer:

This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1. Subject matter wherein the charge generator layer contains a phthalocyanine or derivative, e.g., nonmetal or metal-containing phthalocyanine compound.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

78-82,

for phthalocyanine containing radiation conductive charge generator compositions.

59.5	...... Titanium (Ti) or vanadium (V) phthalocyanine containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.4. Subject matter wherein the phthalocyanine in the charge generator layer contains a titanium (Ti) or vanadium (V) as the central metal of the phthalocyanine.

59.6	.... With specified binder resin in charge transport layer:

This subclass is indented under subclass 58.05. Subject matter wherein the material holding the charge transport layer together is a natural or synthetic resin.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

96,	when only a binder resin is specified.

60	.. Product having layer between radiation-conductive layer and base or support:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Products wherein said specifically named or identified by chemical or physical product contains a layer between a radiationconductive layer and a base or support.

61	... Sensitizing layer:

This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Products containing a layer specifically named or identified by chemical or physical structure which extends the range of the spectral response of a radiation-conductive layer or increases the radiation sensitivity of a radiation conducting layer in the spectral region of inherent sensitivity or regions to which said layer is spectrally sensitized between a radiation-conductive layer and a base or support.

62	... Conductive layer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Products containing a conductive layer specifically named or identified by chemical or physical structure between a radiation-conductive layer and a base or support.

63	.... Inorganic containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Products wherein the conductive layer is nonorganic or contains nonorganic material.

64	... Blocking or barrier layer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Products containing a blocking or barrier layer, e.g., a layer which retards dark decay, specifically named or identified by chemical or physical structure between a radiation-conductive layer and a base or support.

65	.... Inorganic containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Products wherein the blocking or barrier layer is nonorganic or contains nonorganic material.

66	.. Product having overlayer on radiation-conductive layer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Products containing an over-layer, i.e., a top coat layer, specifically named or identified by chemical or physical structure on a radiation-conductive layer relative to the position of a radiation-conductive layer and a base or support.

67	... Electrically insulating overlayer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Products containing an electrically insulating overlayer specifically named or identified by chemical or physical structure.

68	.. Including radiation-conductive screen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Products having grid or screen portions and interstices with the radiation-conductive layer on the grid or screen portions only.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

6+,	for screens, per se, and method of making the same.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 9+ for diagnostics, subclasses 38+ for controls, subclasses 130+ for image formation, subclasses 168+ for charging, and subclasses 177+ for exposure, particularly subclass 181 for halftone image.

69	.. Including conductive base or support:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Products containing a substrate specifically named or defined by chemical or physical structure and is conductive.

70	.. Radiation-conductive composition contains carbocyclic ring only:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Compositions containing an organic radiation-conductive material specifically named or identified by chemical structure and which is a compound, polymer, or resin, etc., having only homocyclic ring(s) in which all ring atoms are carbon.

71	... Polycyclo ring system:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Compositions wherein the homocyclic ring containing compound, etc., is polycyclic with at least two rings having two carbon atoms in common, e.g.,

72	.... Substituted:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Compositions wherein the polycyclic ring containing compound, polymer, resin, etc., is substituted, i.e., has an atom replaced by another atom or radical, on the ring.

73	... Containing amino or substituted amino group:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Compositions wherein the homocyclic ring containing compound, polymer, or resin, etc., includes an amino or substituted amino group.

74	.... Alkyl amino group:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Compositions wherein the amino or substituted amino group is an amine containing alkyl group attached to an amino nitrogen atom.

75	.. Radiation-conductive composition contains hetero ring:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Compositions containing an organic radiation-conductive material, e.g., compound, polymer, or resin, etc., having a ring which contains an atom other than carbon in its nucleus, i.e., a hetero atom.

76	... The hetero ring has at least nitrogen as a ring hetero atom:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Compositions wherein at least one hetero atom present is N atom.

77	.... Additional diverse ring hetero atom in the hetero ring:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Compositions wherein the N-hetero atom ring containing compound, etc., contains a hetero atom other than nitrogen, e.g.,

78	.... Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclo systems:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Compositions wherein the N-hetero atom containing compound, etc., are polycyclic with at least two rings having two atoms in common, e.g.,

79	..... Carbazole:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Compositions wherein the polycyclic ring containing compound, etc., contains a carbazole moiety.

80	...... Polymer or synthetic resin only:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Compositions wherein the carbazole moiety containing compound, etc., is part of a polymer or synthetic resin only.

81	...... Sensitized or doped:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Compositions wherein the carbazole moiety containing compound, etc., contains a material which is specifically named or identified by chemical structure which extends the range of spectral response or increases the radiation sensitivity in the spectral region of inherent sensitivity or regions to which said compound, etc., is spectrally sensitized.

82	....... Dye or pigment:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Compositions in the form of a dye or pigment.

83	.. Sensitized or doped organic radiation conductor:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Compositions containing a material specifically named or identified by chemical structure which extends the range of spectral response or increases the radiation sensitivity in the region of inherent sensitivity or in regions to which said composition is spectrally sensitized.

84	.. Inorganic radiation conductive composition:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Compositions containing an inorganic radiation-conductive material specifically named or identified by chemical structure.

85	... Alloy:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Compositions in the form of a mixture of two metallic or nonmetallic elements having a metallic appearance and being a molecular or colloidal mixture.

86	.... Having more than two constituents:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Compositions containing more than two metallic or nonmetallic elements in the mixture.

87	... Zinc containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Compositions wherein a zinc material is the radiation conductor.

88	.... And other radiation-conductor material:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Compositions containing a radiation-conductive material other than zinc material.

89	.... And nonsensitizing additive other than binder:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Compositions containing a material, specifically named or identified by physical or chemical structure, which does not extend the range of spectral response of the zinc material other than a binder material.

90	.... Sensitized or doped:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Compositions containing a material specifically named or identified by chemical structure which extends the range of spectral response or increases the radiation sensitivity in the region of inherent sensitivity or in regions to which said composition is spectrally sensitized.

91	..... Dye or pigment:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Compositions in the form of a dye or pigment.

92	...... Intercyclic-acyclic -CH= or Intercyclic-acyclic chain which contains -CH=:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Compositions containing intercyclic-acyclic -CH= or intercyclic-acyclic chain which contains -CH=,

93	....... Cyanine dye:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Compositions in the form of a compound which contains two distinct heterocyclic rings, each individual heterocyclic ring containing at least one nitrogen atom, said nitrogen atoms of the individual rings being joined through a resonating acyclic carbon chain which contains -CH= or a conjugated chain which contains -CH=, e.g.,

94	... Cadmium containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Compositions containing a cadmium material as the radiation conductor.

95	... Sensitized or doped:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Compositions containing a material specifically named or identified by chemical structure which extends the range of spectral response or increases the radiation sensitivity, in the region of inherent sensitivity or in region to which said composition is spectrally sensitized.

96	.. Binder for radiation-conductive composition:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Compositions containing a material specifically named or identified by chemical structure and functioning to hold the composition together.

97	. Post imaging process, finishing or perfecting composition or product:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes wherein the latent or visible image in or on a medium is subject to a finishing or perfecting procedure, and finishing or perfecting composition and products used in the process.

100	.. Reversal development:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Processes wherein the finishing procedure or the medium being imaged is modified to reverse the location of the developed image. Usually the developed image is a positive print.

101	.. Impression development:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Processes wherein the latent image is developed by direct surface-to-surface transfer of dry powder toner to the medium. Usually the toner need not carry an electrical charge. Such developing procedures as roller, contact, touchdown, donor, and transfer developing techniques are included.

102	.. Selective toner release:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Processes wherein a member carrying a uniform layer of a toner is selectively released to a separate donor member based upon differences in the amount of radiation received by the medium.

103	.. Using development electrode:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Processes wherein the image is developed using a separate electrode which is either electronically shortened to the image carrying medium or has an electrical potential different from the image during development.

104	.. Finishing or perfecting composition or product:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Compositions and products useful in finishing or perfecting an image medium. Includes such finishing and perfecting processes as developing, fixing, and transferring of the image.

105	... Developing composition or product:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Compositions or products used to develop the image medium.

106.1

.... Dry toner containing a chemically identified magnetic component:

This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter containing chemically identified material, that is magnetized or has active magnetic susceptibility, in a toner (e.g., ferrite, etc.).

(1) Note. The expression "chemically identified" means that a substance is identified by its chemical name or by its class of chemical compound. Greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound" is required.

106.2

..... Binary ferric or ferrous oxide containing magnetic component:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.1. Subject matter wherein the magnetic component contains trivalent (Fe +3) iron oxide (Fe₂0₃), or divalent (Fe +2) iron oxide (Fe0).

106.3

..... Elemental metal or alloy magnetic component:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.1. Subject matter wherein the magnetic component is a metal in elemental form or in form of an alloy.

107.1

.... Dry multicolor toner (i.e., composition containing more than one colored toner, (e.g., cyan, magenta, and yellow toners, etc.)) with a chemically identified colorant or colorant identified by color:

This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter wherein a plurality of differently colored dry toners, with a chemically identified colorant or with a colorant identified by its color, are in association.

(1) Note. The expression "chemically identified" means that a substance is identified by its chemical name or by its class of chemical compound. Greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound" is required.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

45.1,

through 45.56, for multicolor imaging processes with a named developing composition.

108.1

.... Dry toner with chemically identified adjuvant (e.g. charge control agent, colorant, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter wherein a chemically identified material specified to enhance toner effectiveness is present in or on the surface of a toner.

(1) Note. The expression "chemically identified" means that a substance is identified by its chemical name or by its class of chemical compound. Greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound" is required.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

for carrier particles mixed with toner.

108.11

..... Fluorine compound adjuvant:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.1. Subject matter wherein the adjuvant is a compound containing fluorine.

108.14

...... Fluorophosphate salt or fluoroborate salt adjuvant:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.11. Subject Matter wherein the adjuvant is a salt containing a fluorophosphate or fluoroborate anion.

108.15

...... Organic fluorine compound adjuvant containing either nitrogen or phosphorus:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.11. Subject matter wherein the adjuvant is an organic fluorine compound that also contains nitrogen or phosphorus.

108.2

..... Organic nitrogen or organic phosphorus compound adjuvant:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.1. Subject matter wherein the adjuvant is an organic nitrogen or phosphorus-containing compound (e.g. R₃P, wherein R is an organic group, etc.).

108.21

...... Plural nitrogen or phosphorus atoms attached directly or indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding in the adjuvant:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.2. Subject matter wherein the adjuvant contains more than one nitrogen or more than one phosphorus atom attached directly or indirectly to each other by non-ionic bonding.

108.22

....... As a nitrogen- or phosphorus-containing polymer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.21. Subject matter wherein the adjuvant is an organic polymer containing either nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P).

108.23

....... Azo containing adjuvant:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.21. Subject matter wherein the adjuvant has an azo group (-N=N-).

108.24

...... Heavy metal, aluminum, or silicon in the nitrogen or phosphorus compound:

This subclass is indented under subclass 108.2. Subject matter wherein the organic nitrogen or phosphorus compound adjuvant also contains a heavy metal, aluminum (Al), or silicon (Si) in the compound.

(1) Note. The term "heavy metal" as used here means a metal having a specific gravity greater than four.

(2) Note. Chelate compounds are included in this subclass.

108.3

..... Organic heavy metal, aluminum, or silicon compound adjuvant:

This subclass is indented under subclass 108.1. Subject matter wherein the adjuvant is an organic compound having a heavy metal, aluminum (Al), or silicon (Si).

(1) Note. The term "heavy metal" as used here means a metal having a specific gravity greater than four.

(2) Note. Chelate compounds are included in this subclass.

108.4

..... Carboxylic acid or ester compound adjuvant:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.1. Subject matter wherein the adjuvant is an organic carboxylic acid, (i.e., an organic acid containing the COOH group), or an ester of a carboxylic acid.

108.5

..... Organic sulfur compound adjuvant:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.1. Subject matter wherein the adjuvant is an organic sulfur compound (e.g., a thiol, a sulfone, a sulfonate ester, etc.).

108.6

..... Metal oxide compound adjuvant (e.g., Al₂O₃, TiO₂, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 108.1. Subject matter wherein the adjuvant is a metal oxide.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

106.1,

for toners with a magnetic component.

108.7

..... Inorganic silicon compound adjuvant:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.1. Subject matter wherein the adjuvant is an inorganic silicon compound (e.g., silica, etc.).

108.8

..... Hydrocarbon wax-containing adjuvant:

This subclass is indented under subclass 108.1. Subject matter wherein the adjuvant contains a wax compound containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

108.4,

for adjuvants that are waxes having carboxylic acid or ester groups.

108.9

..... Identified carbon black adjuvant:

This subclass is indented under subclass 108.1. Subject matter wherein the chemically identified material enhancing the toner is an identified carbon black (e.g., lamp black, grafted carbon black, carbon black with a certain property, etc.).

(1) Note. The mere recitation of "carbon black", without further limitation, is not sufficient to be classified here. Any further qualification of "carbon black" will be sufficient to render it "identified".

(1) Note. The carbon black frequently serves as a colorant.

109.1

.... Dry toner having chemically identified binder:

This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter wherein a chemically identified material is specified to hold together toner materials (e.g., colorant and charge control agent, etc.).

(1) Note. Binders are usually polymeric compounds.

(2) Note. The expression "chemically identified" means that a substance is identified by its chemical name or by its class of chemical compound. Greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound" is required.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

110.1,	for specified toner binder structure (e.g., domain-matrix structure, etc.).
110.2,	for toners having a specified core or shell polymer.

109.2

..... Epoxy or oxirane compound (e.g., glycidyl, etc.) binder:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 109.1. Subject matter wherein the binder is a compound containing an epoxy or oxirane groups.

109.3

..... Vinyl addition binder (e.g., methacrylate, styrene, vinyl chloride addition products, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 109.1. Subject matter wherein the binder is a vinyl addition product.

(1) Note. A vinyl addition product is a product formed by the reaction of plural same or different olefinically unsaturated monomer molecules by addition across their olefinic double bonds.

109.31

...... Covalent nitrogen in the vinyl addition binder:

This subclass is indented under subclass 109.3. Subject matter where the vinyl addition binder contains covalently bonded nitrogen (e.g., acrylamide, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

110.2,

for toner shell polymers made from nitrogen-containing polymers.

109.4

..... Polyester backbone binder (e.g., condensation reaction product, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 109.1. Subject matter wherein the binder contains ester groups in the polymeric backbone (e.g., bisphenol-A polyester, polycaprolactone, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

109.1,	for polycarbonate binders.
109.3,	for poly(meth)acrylic-type binders.

109.5

..... Organic nitrogen containing binder (e.g., polyamide, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 109.1. Subject matter wherein a binder has an organic nitrogen-containing moiety (e.g., polyimine, polyamide, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

108.22,	for a toner containing an adjuvant which is an organic polymer containing nitrogen.
109.31,	for a toner having a nitrogen-containing vinyl-addition binder.
110.2,	for toner shell polymer made from nitrogen-containing polymer.

110.1

.... Identified dry toner physical structure:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter wherein a dry toner has a specified physical structure (e.g., domain-matrix binder, etc.).

110.2

..... Core-shell structure;

This subclass is indented under subclass 110.1. Subject matter wherein a core material is encapsulated by a solid shell material.

(1) Note. The shell must differ chemically or physically from the core material e.g., liquid core with solid shell, etc.

110.3

..... Identified toner shape (e.g., recited shape parameter, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 110.1. Subject matter wherein the toner has a numerically or descriptively identified shape (e.g., spherical toner, flat toner, etc.).

110.4

..... Having specified toner particle size distribution:

This subclass is indented under subclass 110.1. Subject matter wherein the toner s particle size distribution is numerically identified (e.g., toner size distribution = D_v/D_n where D_v and D_n are respectively the volume average and the number average particle size of the toner).

(1) Note. Recitation of average particle size alone is not sufficient for classification here.

111.1

.... Chemically identified carrier for dry toner:

This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter wherein a particulate carrier composition has a chemically identified material which attaches to a dry toner material (i.e., triboelectrical attachment) for conveying or transporting the toner.

(1) Note. The expression "chemically identified" means that a substance is identified by its chemical name or by its class of chemical compound. Greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound" is required.

111.2

..... Glass-containing carrier:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.1. Subject matter wherein the carrier contains glass, e.g. contains borosilicate, etc.

111.3

..... Magnetic carrier:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.1. Subject matter wherein the carrier is identified as being magnetic.

111.31

...... Ferrite containing magnetic carrier:

This subclass is indented under subclass 111.3. Subject matter wherein the magnetic carrier contains a ferrite compound.

(1) Note. Ferrites have the following formula: (MO)_xFe₂O₃, wherein MO is at least one metal oxide (e.g., FeO, Li₂O, TiO, etc.).

111.32

....... Ferrite core-resin shell carrier:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.31. Subject matter wherein the ferrite carrier is encased by a solid outer resin covering.

111.33

........ The ferrite contains nonferrous metal oxide:

This subclass is indented under subclass 111.32. Subject matter wherein the "MO" in the ferrite has been chemically identified as other than ferrous oxide.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

111.32,

for a magnetite core with a resin shell.

111.34

...... Chemically identified elemental magnetic metal or magnetic alloy carrier:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.3. Subject matter wherein the carrier contains an elemental magnetic metal (i.e. iron, nickel, or cobalt), or an alloy thereof (e.g. steel, AlNiCo, etc.).

111.35

...... Chemically or physically identified binder or coating resin for magnetic carrier:

This subclass is indented under subclass 111.3. Subject matter wherein a binder resin or coating resin for the magnetic carrier has been identified chemically or by physical property.

(1) Note. The expression "chemically identified" means that a substance is identified by its chemical name or by its class of chemical compound. Greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound" is required.

111.4

.... Identified physical parameter of carrier particle or dry toner particle, etc. (Tg, MW, coercivity, density, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter wherein the carrier or dry toner particles (including adjuvants, e.g., SiO₂, etc.) contain an ingredient identified by a physical property.

111.41

..... Electrical or magnetic parameter:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.4. Subject matter where the carrier or dry toner particle has a specified electrical or specified magnetic measure factor.

112	.... Liquid:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Compositions wherein material from a liquid medium is applied to develop the imaged medium.

113	..... Multiple phase liquid carrier medium, i.e., emulsion:

This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Compositions wherein the liquid carrier of the composition is in the form of more than one phase during development such as an emulsion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

516,

Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting, subclasses 9+ for continuous liquid phase colloid systems (e.g., foams, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions) or agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.

114	..... Identified toner, i.e., identified resin coated pigment, etc.:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Compositions having a chemically identified ingredient that deposits upon the imaged medium during development, e.g., a novolak resin coated pigment.

115	..... Identified adjuvant, i.e., surfactant, etc.:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Compositions having an additional chemically identified ingredient that modifies the chemical, physical, or electrical properties of the developer composition, e.g., a surfactant.

116	..... Identified liquid carrier:

This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Compositions wherein the liquid ingredient (which usually electrically insulated, carries the toner, and is not deposited upon the imaged medium during development) is chemically identified.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 9+ for diagnostics, subclasses 38+ for controls, and subclasses 222+ for development, particularly subclasses 237+ for electrophotographic apparatus employing this type of subject matter.

117.1

.. Liquid development:

This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Process wherein the image is developed using a liquid developer.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 237 through 251for electrophotographic liquid development apparatus.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
IPC⁸	G03G	13/10	for developing using a liquid developer.
ECLA	G03G	13/10	for developing using a liquid developer (e.g., liquid suspension, etc.).

117.2

... Postdeveloping step:

This subclass is indented under subclass 117.1. Subject matter including treating the developed product (e.g., coating, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclass 407 wherein a copy or copies receive further treatment, such as folding or punching, after copying is complete.

117.3

.... Liquid developer removal step:

This subclass is indented under subclass 117.2. Process wherein the liquid developer (i.e., toner particle or carrier liquid) is removed after forming developed image.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclass 249 for cleaning excessive toner from parts of the electrophotographic device.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
IPC⁸	G03G	13/11	for removing excess liquid developer (e.g., by heat, etc.).
ECLA	G03G	13/11	for removing excess liquid developer (e.g., by heat, etc.).

117.31

..... Only liquid carrier removal:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 117.3. Process wherein only the liquid carrier is removed from the developed image.

117.32

..... Liquid developer recycling:

This subclass is indented under subclass 117.3. Process wherein the developer component previously used in the development process is reclaimed for reuse.

(1) Note. The developer component may be for reuse in the same or a different process.

117.4

.... Developed image transfer:

This subclass is indented under subclass 117.2. Process including transferring the developed image after imagewise developing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,

Electrophotography, subclass 66 for condition-responsive control of transfer; subclass 101 for particle or contaminant control of toner on a transfer member; subclass 121 for transferring an image from one surface or medium to another; subclasses 297-319 for transferring a toner image, per se; subclasses 388-396 for feeding a copy to the transfer position; and subclasses 397-405 for delivering a copy from the transfer position.

117.5

.... Fixing developed image:

This subclass is indented under subclass 117.2. Process including step of making permanent the developed image.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

355,	Photocopying, subclass 405 for thermal fixing means.
399,	Electrophotography, subclass 33 for over-temperature protection during fixing; subclasses 67-70 for condition-responsive control of fusing; subclass 122 for a fixing unit for permanently adhering toner to a copy medium; and subclasses 320-342 for fixing (e.g., fusing, etc.), per se.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
IPC⁸	G03G	13/20	for fixing (e.g., by using heat, etc.).
ECLA	G03G	13/20	for fixing (e.g., by using heat, etc.).

118.1

... Replenishing liquid developer during development:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 117.1. Process wherein a portion of the liquid developer or some developer component is resupplied during the development.

118.2

... Prewetting image carrier immediately prior to development:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 117.1. Process wherein prior to development the latent image carrier is in a wet or moist state.

118.3

... Identified development step (e.g., misting, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 117.1. Process including an identified process in the development step.

(1) Note. The expression "identified" means the step is identified by greater specificity than "development step" or "developing."

118.4

... Applying electrical bias:

This subclass is indented under subclass 117.1. Process including use of electrical bias before, during, and after development.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclass 240 for liquid application member with applied bias and subclass 241 for liquid development with electrode influencing the attraction of liquid developer.

118.5

... Pretreatment of developer (e.g., agitating, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 117.1. Process including treatment of the developing liquid prior to use as a developer.

118.6

... Identified developer (e.g., resin-coated pigment structure, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 117.1. Process wherein the developer has a chemical or physical structure identified (e.g., spherical toner, flat toner, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

112,	through 116, for compositions wherein material from a liquid medium is applied to develop the imaged medium.

118.7

.... Having identified image carrier:

This subclass is indented under subclass 118.6. Process wherein an identified image carrier is chemically or physically identified.

(1) Note. The expression "identified" means that a substance is identified (e.g., by its chemical name or by its class of chemical compound, etc.). Greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound" is required.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

56,	through 96, for radiation-sensitive compositions and products (e.g., photoreceptors, photoreceptor composition, etc.), per se.

118.8

.... Toner particle size:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.6. Process wherein the developer material is comprised of toner particle of identified dimension.

119.1

.... Toner polymer composition:

This subclass is indented under subclass 118.6. Process wherein a developer material is composed of toner of identified polymer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

114,	identified liquid toner compositions, per se.

119.2

..... Block or graft polymer:

This subclass is indented under subclass 119.1. Process wherein a developer material is composed of toner of a block or graft polymer.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

525,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 7 through 540for block or graft polymers derived from ethylenic monomers, per se.

119.3

..... Silicon-containing polymer:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 119.1. Process wherein a developer toner is a polymer-containing silicon.

119.4

.... Halogen-containing liquid carrier:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.6. Process wherein a carrier liquid contains a halogen-containing compound.

119.5

.... Acid or salt adjuvant:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.6. Process wherein a liquid developer contains an acid or a salt.

119.6

... Identified image carrier:

This subclass is indented under subclass 117.1. Process wherein the image carrier is chemically or physically identified.

(1) Note. The expression "chemically identified" means that a substance is identified by its chemical name or by its class of chemical compound. Greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound" is required.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

56,	through 96, for radiation-sensitive compositions and products (e.g., photoreceptors, photoreceptor composition, etc.), per se.

119.7

.. With subsequent imaging member cleaning:

This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Processes wherein the image member is subjected to a procedure to remove undesired particles or other materials deposited during development from a surface of the imaging member.

(1) Note. Typically this process is conducted so that the imaging member may be reused.

(2) Note. At least a portion of the imaging member surface remains after the process.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

15,	Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclasses 1.51 and 1.52 for electrostatic cleaning, subclasses 256.5-256.6 for moving surface brush, and subclasses 300.1-422.2 for airblast or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic, photoresponsive imaging surfaces.
134,	Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclass 1 for cleaning applications of electric, wave, ray, or radiant energy.
399,	Electrophotography, subclass 34 for analyzing the performance of a residual toner removal system; subclass 71 for control of cleaning during the electrophotography process; subclass 123 for particular structure of a cleaning unit; subclass 149 for combined development and cleaning by a single component; subclass 245 for self-cleaning, with electrodes, a liquid development application member; and subclasses 343-360 for cleaning an imaging surface (i.e., photoconductive member), including a cleaning member cyclically movable into and out of contact with the imaging surface.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
IPC⁸	G03G	21/00	for arrangements not provided by groups 13/00-19/00 (e.g., cleaning, elimination of residual charge).
ECLA	G03G	21/00B	for removing solid developer or debris from the electrographic recording medium.

119.71

... Identified radiation conductive surface:

This subclass is indented under subclass 119.7. Processes wherein the composition or structure of the radiation-conductive surface of the imaging member is identified (e.g., composition, layer thickness, surface property, etc.).

(1) Note. The expression "chemically identified" means that a substance is identified by its chemical name or by its class of chemical compound. Greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound" is required.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

56,	through 96, for radiation-sensitive compositions and products (e.g., photoreceptors, photoreceptor composition, etc.), per se.

119.72

.... Charge transport layer cleaning:

This subclass is indented under subclass 119.71. Processes wherein a charge transport layer, as the surface layer of the imaging member, is cleaned.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

58.05,

through 58.85, for specific charge transport layer, per se.

119.8

... Using identified cleaning element or material (e.g., brush, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 119.7. Processes wherein the surface of the imaging member is cleaned with an identified element or material such as brushes and solvents.

(1) Note. The expression "identified" means that a substance is identified by its structure. Greater specificity than "edge" is required.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

134,	Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclasses 1 through 42for cleaning of a toner image from a receiver, per se, without forming the toner image.
399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 343 through 360for an apparatus that removes developing material from an imaging surface after an image is transferred.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
ECLA	G03G	21/00B1-00B6	for removing solid developer or debris from the electrographic recording medium using a blade, a brush, a band, electrostatic or magnetic means, airflow, or a roller or a polygonal rotating cleaning member, respectively.

119.81

.... Cleaning with particles (e.g., magnetic brush, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 119.8. Processes wherein particles cleaning the surface of the imaging member wherein the cleaning member aligns dry material by its magnetic field in the form of a brush-like configuration wherein particles in a brush-like configuration, which are attached to a magnet in the cleaning member by magnetic attraction, clean the surface of the imaging member.

119.82

.... Cleaning with blade:

This subclass is indented under subclass 119.8. Processes wherein the arrangement for cleaning is a blade used to scrape residual developer material off an imaging surface.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 350 and 351 for an apparatus having a blade used to scrape developer material off an imaging surface.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
ECLA	G03G	21/00B1	for removing solid developer or debris from the electrographic recording medium using a blade and details of cleaning blade (e.g., blade shape, layer forming, etc.).

119.83

..... Identified blade movement (e.g., vibrated, oscillated, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 119.82. Processes wherein the cleaning blade is vibrated, oscillated, or moved in a manner usually to aid removal of the residual developer from the imaging member surface.

119.84

..... Polyurethane blade (e.g., polyurethane binder, polyurethane spheres in matrix, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 119.82. Processes wherein the cleaning blade contains polyurethane as the sole constituent or as a component, such as polyurethane binder resin and polyurethane sphericals in a matrix.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

428,	Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 423.1 through 425.9for polyurethane structural laminates, per se.

119.85

.... Cleaning with fibrous brush:

This subclass is indented under subclass 119.8. Processes wherein the surface of the imaging member is cleaned with a fibrous brush.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

15,	Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclasses 1.51 and 1.52 for electrostatic cleaning, subclasses 256.5-256.6 for moving surface brush, and subclasses 300.1-422.2 for airblast or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic, photoresponsive imaging surfaces.
399,	Electrophotography, subclass 353 wherein the cleaning arrangement is a fibrous brush used to brush off developer material from an imaging surface, subclass 354 wherein the fibrous brush includes an applied electrical potential or current, and subclass 355 for a fibrous brush including a forced airflow arrangement to capture developer material.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
ECLA	G03G	21/00B2	for using a brush and details of cleaning brushes (e.g., fiber density, etc.).

119.86

... Cleaning away identified component (e.g., toner, toner additive, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 119.7. Processes wherein an identified component, developer, or other identified component useful in developing (e.g., a toner, toner additive, carrier particle, etc.) is cleaned from the imaging member surface.

(1) Note. The expression "specific component" means that a substance is identified by its chemical name or by its chemical class. Greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound" is required.

119.87

.... With recycling of cleaned developer or developer component:

This subclass is indented under subclass 119.86. Processes wherein the developer or component useful in developing is recycled or reused after cleaning the imaging member in the same or different development step or is returned to be reused (e.g., the component is returned to a developer sleeve, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclass 359 for an apparatus having an arrangement for returning removed toner to a developing unit to be reused.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
IPC⁸	G03G	21/10	for collecting and recycling waste developer.
ECLA	G03G	21/10	for collecting and recycling waste developer.

119.88

..... Recycling identified toner:

This subclass is indented under subclass 119.87. Processes wherein an identified toner is cleaned from the imaging member surface and is reused in a subsequent development step or is returned to a position where it can be reused.

(1) Note. The expression "identified toner" means that the toner is identified by its chemical name, its class of chemical compound, or by its physical property. Greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound" is required.

120.1

.. Dry powder developing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Processes wherein dry developer powder or particle material is applied to render the latent electrostatic image visible.

(1) Note. Dry developer material may be toner particles (magnetic or nonmagnetic) mixed with magnetic particles that act as carriers under the influence of a magnetic field.

(2) Note. This subclass includes immersion of the latent image in dry toner.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 252 through 295for dry development.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
IPC⁸	G03G	13/08	for developing using a solid powder.
ECLA	G03G	13/08	for developing using a solid powder (e.g., powder developer, etc.).

120.2

... To produce named article (e.g., semiconductor, etc.) by dry toner development:

This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1. Processes wherein the dry powder developing step results in making a specifically identified article.

(1) Note. The named article must be more than the recitation of an "image," a "pattern," or the like, but has an identified utility structure such as a semiconductor device.

(2) Note. The dry powder image need not be retained in the final named article.

120.3

.... Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) article (e.g., production of bank checks, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 120.2. Processes wherein an MICR image is produced by the dry toner development process.

(1) Note. The MICR image has sufficient residual magnetization to be read by a suitable magnetic reader.

120.4

... Postimage processing to change developed image color:

This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1. Processes wherein after formation of the dry powder image, the image exhibits a change in color independently or as a result of an aftertreatment (e.g., solvent contact, etc.).

(1) Note. The developed image need not be in powder form immediately before or after the color image is obtained (e.g., the toner may be fused in an imagewise pattern and then have color change affected, etc.).

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
IPC⁸	G03G	13/24	for a process in which at least two steps are performed simultaneously.
ECLA	G03G	13/24	for a process in which at least two steps are performed simultaneously.

120.5

... Simultaneous imaging and developing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1. Processes wherein developable electric or magnetic image is formed on an imaging member at the same time the image is developed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclass 152 for developing a latent image on a photoconductive member while it is being exposed in image configuration.

121.1

... Cascading powder developing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1. Processes wherein a dry developer material falls, usually under the influence of gravity, to develop an image.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 294 and 295 for an apparatus where dry developer material poured or falls under the influence of gravity over a latent image.

122.1

... Magnetic brush developing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1. Processes wherein the dry developer material is magnetically aligned by its magnetic field in the form of a brush-like configuration to develop an electrostatic latent image.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 267 through 278for an apparatus having a magnetic brush for transporting dry developer material to a position where it is attracted to a latent image by an electrostatic force.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
IPC⁸	G03G	13/09	for developing using magnetic brush.
ECLA	G03G	13/09	for developing using magnetic brush.

122.2

.... Using identified carrier:

This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Processes of developing an image wherein the magnetic brush contains a carrier particle defined by its chemical composition, structure, or properties.

(1) Note. Nominal recitation of average particle size alone is not sufficient for classification in this subclass.

(2) Note. The expression "chemically identified" means that a developer carrier particle is identified by its chemical name or by its class of chemical compound (i.e., with greater specificity than "inorganic compound").

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

through 111.35, for carrier particles, per se.

122.3

..... Hard magnetic (i.e., permanent magnetic) carrier:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.2. Processes of developing using a permanent magnetic carrier.

122.4

..... Carrier particle conductivity or resistivity:

This subclass is indented under subclass 122.2. Processes of developing with a carrier particle of identified conductivity or resistivity.

(1) Note. The electrical resistivity ρ (rho) of a material is usually defined by ρ = (RA)/l, where ρ is the electrical resistivity (measured in ohm meters), R is the electrical resistance of a uniform specimen of the material (measured in ohms), A is the cross-sectional area of the specimen (measured in square meters), and l is the length of the specimen (measured in meters). Electrical resistivity can also be defined as ρ = E/J, where E is the magnitude of the electric field (measured in volts per meter) and J is the magnitude of the current density (measured in amperes per square meter). Finally, electrical resistivity is also defined as the inverse of the conductivity σ (sigma) of the material, or ρ = 1/ σ.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

for carrier particles with electrical or magnetic parameters, per se.

122.5

.... Identified magnetic toner:

This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Processes of developing an image by use of a magnetic brush, where the magnetic brush contains a magnetic toner particle defined by its chemical composition, structure, or properties.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

106.1,

through 106.3, for dry toner containing a magnetic component, per se.

122.51

..... Magnetic monocomponent developer (i.e., toner developer with no carrier):

This subclass is indented under subclass 122.5. Processes of developing an image using a magnetic brush, where the magnetic brush is a single component magnetic developer.

(1) Note. Included in this subclass are magnetic toner developers defined by a chemical composition, structure, or property.

(2) Note. Toner surface additives (e.g., fluidity agents, charge control agents, etc.) may be present with the magnetic toner particle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

106.1,

through 106.3, for dry toner containing a magnetic component, per se.

122.52

..... Magnetic toner conductivity or resistivity:

This subclass is indented under subclass 122.5. Processes of developing an image using magnetic toner of identified conductivity or resistivity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

for magnetic toner of specified conductivity or resistivity.

122.6

.... Identified developer conductivity or resistivity (e.g., carrier, oxide in toner, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Processes wherein the electrical conductivity of the developer or a component of the developer is identified.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

for toner or carrier particles, per se, having an explicit electrical parameter.

122.7

.... Identified magnetic brush speed:

This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Processes wherein the pace in which the magnetic brush moves is identified.

(1) Note. Included in this subclass is the speed of the magnetic brush components such as the magnetic sleeve.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclass 236 wherein a driving arrangement is provided that sets or regulates a velocity at which developer is applied to developing means.

OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:

Type:	Class/Subclass:	Group:	Description:
IPC⁸	G03G	13 /09	for using a magnetic brush.
ECLA	G03G	13/09	for using a magnetic brush.

122.8

.... Identified applied voltage:

This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Processes wherein a voltage is applied to or between the imaging element and the magnetic brush.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclass 270 for an apparatus where the magnetic brush is maintained at a predetermined electrical potential to support development.

122.9

... Identified toner orientation:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1. Processes wherein the toner has an identified direction or inclination with respect to a plane of about 90°.

123.1

... Using fur brush:

This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1. Processes wherein a toner adhered to fur brush fibers, based upon triboelectric properties, develops the imaging member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclass 287 for an apparatus having a fibrous brush for transporting dry developer material to a position where it is attracted to a latent image by an electrostatic force.

123.2

... Using powder cloud:

This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1. Processes of developing an image with finely dispersed mass of toner particles in a gaseous medium (e.g., air, etc.).

(1) Note. Subject matter included in this subclass includes toner suspended in air.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 266 , 290, and 291 for an electrophotographic apparatus to develop an electrostatic image by a nebulous mass of toner particles finely dispersed in a body of gas.

123.3

... Using chemically identified application member (e.g., donor roll or sleeve, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1. Processes of developing wherein the dry developer is transported, using a chemically identified application member, to a position where the dry developer is attracted to a latent image by electrostatic force.

(1) Note. The application members found in this subclass are identified by the composition of the members by the composition’s chemical name or by the composition’s class of chemical compound (i.e., with greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound").

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 279 through 286for an apparatus having a rotatable cylinder application member and subclass 288 for an apparatus having a web or a belt application member.
428,	Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 34.1 through 36.92for hollow article (e.g., tube, etc.), per se; subclasses 53-56 for rollers with specific composition, per se; subclass 98 for sheet containing structurally defined element, per se; and subclasses 411.1-704 for nonstructural laminates, per se.

123.4

... Developing image on identified imaging member:

This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1. Processes wherein the image is created and developed on an imaging member identified by its chemical composition, physical properties, or structure.

(1) Note. The identified imaging members found in this subclass are identified by the composition of the imaging member by the composition’s chemical name or by the composition’s class of chemical compounds with greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound." Also, mere recitation of a "photoconductor," "photoreceptor," "electrophotographic imaging member," "electrostatic master," etc. in the process is not sufficient for classification here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

56,	through 96, for radiation-sensitive compositions and products (e.g., photoreceptors, photoreceptor compositions, etc.), per se.

123.41

.... Identified developer composition (e.g., toner, carrier, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 123.4. Processes wherein the imaging member has an identified developer composition, identified in terms of their chemical composition, physical properties, or structure.

(1) Note. The patents in this subclass include a developer identified by its chemical name or by its class of chemical compound. Greater specificity than "organic compound" or "inorganic compound" is required.

123.42

.... Identified imaging member outermost layer:

This subclass is indented under subclass 123.4. Processes wherein the outmost layer of the imaging element has a layer identified by chemical composition, structure, or physical property.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

66,	and 67, for electrophotographic product having overlayer on radiation-conductive layer.

123.43

.... Imaging member having both charge generation and charge transport layers:

This subclass is indented under subclass 123.4. Processes wherein the imaging element has a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer.

(1) Note. The patents in this subclass include both charge generation layer and charge transport layer in any order.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

58.05,

through 59.6, for radiation-sensitive products having a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer.

123.5

... Using identified toner (e.g., identified colorant, toner property, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1. Processes using an identified developing toner (i.e., having identified toner chemical composition, physical properties, or toner structure).

123.51

.... Toner having identified external additive on outside of toner particle (e.g., external fluidity agent, external charge control agent, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 123.5. Processes wherein the dry toner developing the image includes a compound or element externally added to the toner particle to impart a desired property to the toner (e.g., fluidity, charge polarity, etc.).

123.52

.... Identified melt property of toner or toner component (e.g., melt viscosity, melt index, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 123.5. Processes wherein the toner or a component of the toner has a characteristic melt state (e.g., identified by melt viscosity of a binder resin, melting point of a wax, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

for toner having an identified physical parameter.

123.53

.... Identified modulus of toner or toner component (e.g., elastic modulus, bulk modulus, Young’s modulus, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 123.5. Processes wherein the toner or a component of the toner has an identified modulus (e.g., elastic modulus of the toner or resin, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

for toner having an identified physical parameter.

123.54

.... Identified glass transition temperature (Tg):

This subclass is indented under subclass 123.5. Processes wherein the toner or a component of the toner has an identified glass transition temperature (Tg).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

for toner having an identified physical parameter.

123.55

.... Identified softening point:

This subclass is indented under subclass 123.5. Processes wherein the toner or a component of the toner has an identified softening temperature.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

for toner having an identified physical parameter.

123.56

.... Identified electrostatic property of toner (e.g., triboelectric charge value, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 123.5. Processes wherein the toner or a component of the toner has an identified triboelectric characteristic charge (e.g., charge level, polarity, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

for toner having an identified electrical or magnetic parameter.

123.57

.... Identified toner colorant (e.g., dye, pigment, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 123.5. Processes wherein the toner contains a chemical formula, composition, C.I. pigment number, or descriptive term for a colorant.

(1) Note. Mere recitation of a "colorant," "pigment," or "dye" is not sufficient for placement here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

42.1,

for multicolor reproduction processes wherein more than one color is used.

123.58

... Developing using identified particulate carrier:

This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1. Processes wherein the particles that charge the toner and/or transport the toner to the image are identified by composition, physical properties, or structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: