CLASS 419, POWDER METALLURGY PROCESSES |
1 | POWER METALLURGY PROCESSES WITH HEATING OR SINTERING: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes for producing metals, metalloys or metal containing composition
in a solid state from powdered or particulate material including
a heating or sintering operation, i.e., without melting all of the
ingredients.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
2 | . Making porous product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in which a porous or cellular mass is produced during sintering.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
3 | . Making articles of indefinite length: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which produce a product having one dimension, its length, considerably greater than its other dimensions, but wherein the process does not establish a finite limit for the length. | |
4 | .. Filaments or fibers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Processes which produce a product having a shape which is basically cylindrical
with the length considerably greater than its diameter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
5 | . Making composite or hollow article: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes involving arranging one or more distinct powder material
layers or portions in contact with one or more distinct layers or
portions of powder or solid material and uniting the layers or portions
by sintering, or processes under subclass 1 which produces an article
which includes an internal hollow space or processes under subclass
1 which involve making a porous article and infiltrating (i.e.,
impregnating) it.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
6 | .. Powder next to powder: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes which produce a product in which two contiguous layers or portions are both formed from material which was originally in powder form. | |
7 | ... One or more components not compacted: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes in which at least one of the contiguous layers or portions is not compacted during the processing. | |
8 | .. Powder next to solid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Process which produce a product in which one of the contiguous layers or portions is not produced from particulate material. | |
9 | ... Powder not compacted: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Processes in which a powder layer or portion is not compacted during the processing. | |
10 | . Metal and nonmetal in final product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which have in the resulting product a free metal and various materials,
such as elemental carbon, metal borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides
or silicides, or mixtures of same.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
11 | .. Nonmetal is elemental carbon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Processes in which the nonmetal is carbon in its elemental form, i.e.,
not in the form of a carbon compound.
| |||
12 | .. Boride containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Processes in which the nonmetal material consists of a boride. | |
13 | .. Nitride containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Processes in which the nonmetal material consists of a nitride. | |
14 | .. Carbide containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Processes wherein the nonmetal material includes a carbide compound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
15 | ... Complex or multiple carbides: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Processes in which the nonmetal includes a mixture of different carbides or a complex phase which includes carbon combined with a metal and at least one more element which may be a metal or a nonmetal. | |
16 | .... With another nonmetal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes in which in addition to the carbide there is present another nonmetal. | |
17 | ... Single binary carbide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Processes in which a nonmetal material consists of a single binary carbide. | |
18 | .... Tungsten carbide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Processes in which the carbide is a carbide of tungsten. | |
19 | .. Oxide containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Processes in which the nonmetal material includes an inorganic oxide compound. | |
20 | ... Rare earth oxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Processes wherein the oxide contained in the final product is a binary
compound of oxygen and a rare earth element.
| |||
21 | ... Silver metal with metal oxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Processes in which silver is present as a matrix material and the nonmetal is a metal oxide. | |
22 | ... Copper oxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Processes in which the nonmetal is a binary compound of oxygen and copper. | |
23 | . Powder shape or size characteristics: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in which one or more dimensions of or the configuration of the contour of the powder particles is recited in the claims. | |
24 | .. Filaments or fibers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Processes in which the shape of the particles is basically cylindrical with the length considerably greater than the diameter thereof. | |
25 | . Controlled cooling after sintering: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in which the lowering of the temperature of the hot sintered
product is regulated in some positive fashion.
| |||
26 | . Post sintering operation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in which there is an additional positive step following the sintering operation other than controlled cooling. | |
27 | .. Impregnation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Processes in which the interstices between the sintered particles are at least partially filled by an additional liquid or solid material which was not present during or prior to the sintering step. | |
28 | .. Subsequent working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Processes in which the sintered compact undergoes an additional mechanical
treatment.
| |||||
29 | .. Subsequent heat treatment, (e.g., annealing, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Processes wherein the sintered compact is subjected to an additional heating
step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
30 | . Powder pretreatment (prior consolidation or sintering): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which include preliminary significant treatment, preparation
or manufacture of the powder or particulate material, prior to any
compacting or sintering.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
31 | .. Heat treatment of powder: |
Processes under subclass in which the powder is subjected
to a temperature above the ambient temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
32 | .. Mechanical blending: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes in which the powders of different chemical constitution
or physical characteristics are mechanically mixed together.
| |||
33 | .. Comminuting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes in which preliminary operation includes comminution, disintegration,
abrasion or other mechanical method of producing a number of smaller
solid masses by the division of a larger solid mass or masses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
34 | .. Chemical blending: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes in which the mixture which is consolidated is at least in part the product of a chemical reaction between other starting materials. | |
35 | .. Coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes in which at least some particles of powder or particulate
material become covered by a layer of some other material, other
than a fugitive material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
36 | .. Addition of fugitive material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes wherein a fugitive ingredient is incorporated in the powder admixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
37 | ... Additional material is solid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Processes wherein the additional material is in the solid state. | |
38 | . Consolidation of powder prior to sintering |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Consolidating of powder prior to sintering: Processes which include consolidating a mass of the powder at some
stage prior to sintering the particles therein.
| |||
39 | .. Specific pressure or lack or pressure recited |
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Specific pressure or lack of pressure recited: Processes which recite a specific pressure during the compaction step
or which recite that no nonambient pressure is imposed during the
compaction step, i.e., the quantity of pressure employed during
the consolidation step is recited in the claims.
| |||
40 | ... Slip or slurry: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes wherein powder to be consolidated is suspended in a liquid medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
41 | .. Extruding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Processes wherein the compaction is effected by forcing the powder through
a restricted orifice under pressure.
| |||
42 | .. Isostatic or hydrostatic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Processes wherein the powder is compacted uniformly in all directions in a preformed flexible mold immersed in a fluid in a pressure vessel, or wherein the compaction is performed on a hydraulic or hydrostatic press. | |
43 | .. Rolling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Processes wherein the compaction is effected by a generally cylindrical member, the roller, moving across the surface of the powder while revolving about an axis or repeatedly turning over. | |
44 | . Pretreatment of consolidated powders: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which include significant treatment of consolidated powder
prior to sintering.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
45 | . Sintering which includes a chemical reaction |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Sintering which includes a chemical reaction: Processes which include a chemical reaction which is effected by the
conditions present during the sintering step.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
46 | . Alloying occurs during sintering: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes wherein more than one metallic element is present in the
powder being treated and the conditions present during the sintering
step cause an alloy to form from those metals.
| |||
47 | . Liquid phase sintering: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes wherein it is recited that some portion but not all of the material melts during the sintering operation. | |
48 | . Heat and pressure simultaneously to effect sintering: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in which the particles are sintered by a combination of
elevated temperature and pressure applied thereto at the same time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
49 | .. Hot isostatic pressing (hip): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Processes in which heat and pressure are simultaneously applied during the sintering step, and the pressure is applied uniformly from all directions. | |
50 | .. Hot rolling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Processes in which the pressure is applied by a generally cylindrical member, the roller, moving across the surface of the powder while revolving about an axis or repeatedly turning over. | |
51 | .. Multiaxial (hot hiP): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Processes wherein the pressure is applied from more than one direction, but
amounts to less than from all directions as is true in isostatic
pressing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
52 | .. Heating by electrical means other than radiant energy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Processes in which the applied heat is produced by any method which employs electrical energy, other than radiant energy. | |
53 | . Plural heating steps including sintering: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which include a plurality of discrete heating steps, at least one of which must be a sintering step. | |
54 | .. Different temperatures: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Processes wherein at least two of the discrete heating steps are recited as occurring at specifically different temperatures. | |
55 | .. Additional operation between heating steps |
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Additional operation between heating steps: Processes wherein at least one operation or step other than a heating step is performed between two of the heating steps. | |
56 | . Special medium during sintering: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in which the material is sintered while in a provided environment which
may be a liquid, solid, or a vacuum gas to produce a desired condition
during the sintering operation.
| |||||
57 | .. Special atmosphere: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Processes wherein the special medium present during the sintering
operation is a special gas or vacuum.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
58 | ... Hydrogen or hydrogen plus nitrogen (Nitrogen per se in 57) |
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Hydrogen or hydrogen plus nitrogen (N257): Processes in which the special atmosphere comprises hydrogen with
or without nitrogen being present.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
59 | ... Hydrocarbon or derivative (e.g., CH4, etc.) |
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Hydrocarbon or derivative (e.g., ch4,
etc.): Processes herein the special atmosphere contains hydrocarbons or substances
derived from hydrocarbons other than hydrogen.
| |||
60 | ... Vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes in which the special atmosphere is a vacuum. | |
61 | FORMING ARTICLES BY UNITING RANDOMLY ASSOCIATED METAL PARTICLES: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes for making articles by uniting powders or particulate materials
including a free metal without the use of heat.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
62 | . Powder pretreatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Processes which include preliminary significant treatment, preparation or manufacture of the powder or particular material, prior to any compacting or consolidation. | |
63 | .. Includes a chemical reaction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Processes wherein during the pre-treatment at least one component of the powder undergoes a chemical change. | |
64 | .. Includes coating of particles: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Processes in which at least some particles of powder or particulate material become covered by a layer of some other material. | |
65 | .. Includes adding a binder material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Process which include the incorporation in the powder of a material having the function of causing particles of the powder to adhere to each other. | |
66 | . Consolidation of powders: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Processes which include a step of compacting or forming an article by the use of positive pressure. | |
67 | .. Extrusion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Processes wherein the compaction is effected by forcing the powder through
a restricted orifice under pressure.
| |||
68 | .. Isostatic/hydrostatic pressing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Processes wherein the powders is compacted or shaped by pressure exerted uniformly in all directions on a preformed flexible mold immersed in a fluid in a pressure vessel, or wherein the compaction is performed on a hydraulic or hydrostatic press. | |
69 | .. Rolling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Processes wherein the compaction is effected by a generally cylindrical member, the roller, moving across the surface of the powder while revolving about the axis or repeatedly turning over. | |
FOR000 | CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |