*****TBD*****

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including structure for utilizing the characteristics (e.g., physical or electrical) of an element, that is separate from the work and is separate from the organized structure of the device, to influence the operation of the device.

(1) Note. This subclass includes machines for utilizing a prepared information supply that is to be removably placed in the machine. This subclass does not include structure for utilizing the characteristics of a "permanent" part if the machine, such as a cam or gear to influence the operation of other parts of the machine.

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72+,	for a "templet", which merely guides the tool and does not otherwise influence the operation of the device.
124+,	for a "permanent" cam or gear used to regulate the operation of the device.

4	WITH INTERLOCK BETWEEN MACHINE ELEMENTS

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device wherein two movable parts of the machine are related such that in at least one position of one of the parts movement of the other part is restricted by the first part.

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148+,

for releasable locking structure adapted to secure together two elements of a tool-holder.

5	WITH RANDOMLY-ACTUATED STOPPING MEANS

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device provided with means to bring any or all of the moving parts of the device to a halt, the halting effect being accomplished in response to a signal or impulse caused by an abnormal occurrence during the operation of the device.

(1) Note. A machine capable of stopping will not be placed here unless the stopping means operates as a result of an unplanned or unpredictable occurrence.

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14+,	for stopping means effective on completion of a predictable or planned operation.

6	. Responsive to condition of tool or tool-drive

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Device in which the signal or impulse is generated by a detector sensing a characteristic of the tool* or the tool-driving means.

(1) Note. The detector may contact the tool or tool-driving means during the normal operation of the device in which case the stopping signal is generated by failure of the detector to make such contact.

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11,	for a similar device including control means that serves to influence the operation of the device in a manner other than by stopping the device randomly.

7	. Responsive to condition of work or product

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Device in which the signal or impulse is generated by a detector sensing a characteristic of the work* or product*.

(1) Note. The sensed characteristic of the work or product may be shape, presence, absence or attitude.

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12,	for a similar device including control means that serves to influence the operation in a manner other than by randomly stopping the device.

8	WITH CONTROL MEANS ENERGIZED IN RESPONSE TO ACTIVATOR STIMULATED BY CONDITION SENSOR

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including means for: (a.) detecting any of the following characteristics: a state or property, a change in a state or property, or the occurrence of a predetermined event, in any of the following: the work, the product of a machine, the machine itself, or the environment of the machine affecting the operation thereof; (b) initiating (as a direct result of such detection) a force or impulse other than that generated or transmitted by the detecting means; and (c) regulating or modifying (as a direct result of such initiation) the operation of said machine.

(1) Note. The control systems of this and indented subclasses are similar in concept to control systems of other classes; particularly, Class 72, Metal Deforming, especially subclasses 6+; Class 83, Cutting; Class 173, Tool Driving or Impacting, especially subclasses 2+, and Class 226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, especially subclasses 10+. The total operations and the claimed combinations are, of course, different; but, the control systems, per se, found in these other classes are usually analogous to those herein and may be applicable to the machines of this class (Class 408).

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3,	for a templet responsive control means.
5+,	for control structure adapted to stop the operation of the cutting machine.

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700,

Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications, subclasses 1 through 89for data processing control systems wherein the control system is claimed generically, and subclasses 159-195 for the application of a computer in the manufacturing of a product which includes cutting or punching.

9	. To control tool rotation

This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Device provided with a mechanism to govern the angular velocity of the tool* about the tool-axis*.

(1) Note. The structure for governing the angular velocity of the tool includes structure for; (a) increasing and/or decreasing the speed of rotation, (b) reversing the direction of rotation,(c) stopping the rotation or, (d) maintaining the speed of rotation constant.

10	. To control infeed

This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Device provided with mechanism to regulate or modify the infeed*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49,	for a device including work-infeed* means for one of a plurality of tools.
62+,	for work-infeed* means for a single tool.
99+,	for tool-infeed* means adapted to move a tool toward an opposing, work-engaging surface.
129+,	for other tool-infeed means.

11	.. Responsive to tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Device wherein the detector senses a characteristic of a tool* or of a machine element normally connected to the tool for movement therewith.

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6,	for similar device including structure to sense a tool and bring the device to a halt in an abnormal condition thereof.

12	.. Responsive to work

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Device wherein the detector senses a characteristic of the material subjected to the cutting operation.

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7,	for similar structure adapted to sense the work or product and bring the device to a halt in response to an abnormal condition thereof.

13	. To control relative positioning of tool and work

This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Device including a mechanism to cause relative movement between the tool* and work*, wherein the operation regulated or modified is that of a mechanism for causing relative movement.

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10+,	for a device including control structure for regulating positioning of the work and the tool along the tool-axis.

14	WITH STOPPING UPON COMPLETION OF PRESCRIBED OPERATION

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including means to bring one or more parts of a machine to a halt after the machine or a part thereof has completed an intended operation.

(1) Note. Only a device including structure of particular utility to bring about stoppage after the completion of an intended operation is placed herein.

(2) Note. Included in this subclass are those devices sometimes described as a unicyclic.

15	. Responsive to condition of work or product

This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Device wherein when the intended operation is complete, the halting is effected by a characteristic of the work* or product*.

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7,	for similar structure adapted to stop the device, which structure acts in response to the detection of an abnormal occurrence.

16	WITH SIGNAL, INDICATOR, ILLUMINATOR OR OPTICAL MEANS

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including, in addition to structure for performing a class-type operation, either (1) means to produce a perceptible (e.g., audible or visual) manifestation of a condition of a part (or all) of the machine or of the work; (2) means to designate a characteristic of the device, the work or the product; (3) means to increase the lighting intensity in the vicinity of the device or the work; or; (4) means to modify light waves to make characteristics of the device, the work or the product more readily discernable to the view of the operative.

(1) Note. The additional structure may be calibrated quantitatively; however, mere calibration of a machine element, not in addition to structure for performing an operation of the class, is not considered proper for this subclass.

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116,	for a device of this class having provision to receive means for determining and designating a characteristic of the device, work or product.

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433,	Dentistry, subclass 29 for dental drilling apparatus provided with means to illuminate the work.

17	INCLUDING MEANS TO CAUSE TOOL TO PROGRESSIVELY VIBRATE TOWARD WORK

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Machines having structure for causing the tool or the tool-support to be fed intermittently or to be fed and withdrawn respectively in its approach relative to the work along the axis of tool rotation.

(1) Note. Included in this subclass are devices known as "chip breakers" and devices with special provision to withdraw the tool to discharge chips.

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124+,	for structure for causing a tool to move along the tool-axis during the cutting operation.
143,	for means to impart, to the tool, a vibration characteristic different from the vibration characteristic imparted by the reaction of the tool and work to damp the energy of a vibrating tool.

18	WITH MEANS TO CONDITION TOOL

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device in combination with means to treat the tool* and make that tool more suitable to perform its intended function.

(1) Note. Included herein is means to remove foreign matter from (e.g., clean), and means to prepare the tool by modifying or maintaining characteristics of the tool (e.g., sharpen).

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56+,	for a tool of the class type combined with means to apply fluid to work to carry loose chips away from the tool.

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15,	Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, appropriate subclasses for cleaning means adapted to remove foreign material from a tool.
451,	Abrading, for abrading means adapted to sharpen a tool of this class type, particularly subclass 420 for an abrading device adapted to be attached to a machine of this class type.

19	WITH MEANS TO DEFORM WORK TEMPORARILY

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means to impart an impermanent change of shape (i.e., within the elastic limit) to work and to hold the work in that shape during the cutting operation.

(1) Note. This subclass includes devices which deform the work, as above defined, wherein such deformation is prerequisite to effect predetermined line of cut; that is to say, the desired cut could not be effected in the absence of the deformation while operating the machine in the intended manner.

(2) Note. Means for compressing, or stretching, a resilient workpiece and subsequently cutting a circular opening in same to impart an elliptical product surface configuration thereto upon release of the deforming forces would be properly placed in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

83,	Cutting, subclass 176 , for cutting means of general utility combined with means to temporarily deform the work.
226,	Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 88 , for means to deform material of indeterminate-length to facilitate feeding of the material.

20	CONVERTIBLE CUTTING MEANS

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device which, by relative rearrangement of its parts or by the addition or omission of a part is so changed as to perform a cutting operation of a different type.

(1) Note. The different type cutting function to which the structure of this subclass is convertible includes any means for cutting by a sharp edge except (1) another cutting device under the definition of this class; or, (2) a cutting device that utilizes the same tool used in the first modification to cut while rotating and moving radially of the tool-axis relative to the work. (See the search class notes below).

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30,	Cutlery, for a handheld-implement for cutting material by a rotating axially moving tool convertible to an implement for using that same tool for cutting while rotating and moving radially or laterally of the tool-axis.
144,	Woodworking, for a machine for cutting wood by a rotating axially moving tool convertible to a device for using that same tool for cutting wood while rotating and moving radially or laterally of the tool-axis.
409,	Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for a device for cutting of material not provided for elsewhere by a rotating axially moving tool for cutting such material while rotating and moving radially or laterally of the tool-axis.

21	. Utilizing common cutting tool

	This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Device including a single cutting tool that, depending on the arrangement of the parts of the device, can selectively be used to perform a cutting operation under the class definition or to performs a cutting operation of a different type.

22	COMBINED CUTTING MEANS

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device combined with additional structure capable of performing a cutting operation of a different type.

(1) Note. The different type cutting function with which the structure of this subclass is combined includes any means for cutting by a sharp edge except another cutting device under the definition of this class.

(2) Note. A cutting tool or tool with support (see tool-support*) will be found in this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder if it includes a portion operable to cut in the manner of this class and a portion operable to cut in a different manner. Such tools are referred to as "compound".

(3) Note. Generally, the combination of cutting of this class (408) with noncutting work treatment will not be found in this class; but rather, will be found in the class of the other treatment or in a class providing for the combination. (See References to Other Classes, of this Class Definition and the search class notes hereunder for specific class lines.

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7,	Compound Tools, for a randomly manipulated implement including a cutting edge for performing an operation of this class and including provision for performing a noncutting material treatment function.
29,	Metal Working, subclass 26 , for a machine including structure for performing a cutting function by a rotating, axially moving tool and including additional structure for performing another function, which other function is a material treatment other than cutting.

23	. Including tool operating on rotating work

This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Device wherein the additional cutting device is adapted to operate on work turning about an axis.

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82,	Turning, for a rotating or a nonrotating cutting tool acting on rotating work.

24	. Plural other type cutting means

	This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Device including more than one additional structure capable of performing a cutting operation of a type other than provided for in this class.

25	.. Including plural rotating tools

	This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Device wherein each of at least two of the additional structures includes a cutting instrumentality that turns about an axis and acts to engage work with its surface(s) farthest from the axis about which it turns.

26	. Including rotating cutter other than rotating, axially moving tool

	This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Device wherein the additional cutting structure include a cutting tool that turns about an axis and acts to engage work with its surface(s) farthest from the axis about which it turns.

27	.. Crystalline cutter

This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Device wherein the work-engaging surface(s) of the additional cutting tool is at least in part of material that is either a natural crystal or is of the character of a natural crystal.

(1) Note. The "natural crystal" of this subclass definition is not intended to include a stone shaped as a cutting tooth.

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145,	for a crystalline cutting (or abrading) tool adapted to operate in the manner of this class (408).

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451,

Abrading, for a machine including a crystalline cutting instrumentality combined with additional work cutting or abrading structure, provided no tool operates in the manner of this class, or for a single abrading instrumentality that moves in a manner than about an axis and along that axis relative to a workpiece. (Note that Class 451 has not been screened for art proper for Class 408.)

28	.. Utilized in cutting work or product to length

	This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Device wherein the additional cutting instrumentality serves to cut all the way through a section of material to subdivide the material.

29	... Adapted to cut entire thickness of work at one pass

	This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Device including a carriage for supporting the additional cutting instrumentality or including a work-supporting, advancing carriage, wherein the additional cutting instrumentality is adapted to slice through an entire cross-section of material at one stroke of the carriage supporting the instrumentality or of the work-supporting, advancing carriage.

30	. Including plunging (single stroke) cutter

	This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Device wherein the additional cutting structure includes a cutting instrumentality that moves in a straight line toward the material to be cut and cuts that material in a single movement of the instrumentality by use of a cutting edge facing in the direction of tool movement.

31	MACHINE INCLUDING PLURAL TOOLS

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including a first and second tool, each tool being for the purpose of performing an operation of the class type, wherein the tools are separate from each other (i.e., they are not fixed together) during the cutting operation(s), and including a work-contacting structure which moves relative to the tools along their axes-of-rotation during operation.

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117+,

for a similar device lacking work-contacting structure.

32	. Axes of tools moving with work during operation

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Device wherein the work-engaging structure serves to move the work in a direction lateral of at least one tool-axis and wherein the tool-supporting structure serves to move that tool such that there is not relative lateral motion of that tool and the work during the cutting operation thereof.

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55,	for similar structure including the use of a single tool.

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83,	Cutting, subclasses 284+ , for a cutter of that class, having a component of motion in the direction of moving work.

33	.. Including means to infeed tool and means to infeed work or including coaxial tools

This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Device either (1) including means to move the tool along the tool-axis toward the work and including means to move the work along the tool-axis toward the tool during the cutting operation; or, (2) wherein the first and second tools turn about a common tool-axis* during operation.

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36,	for coaxial tools that do not move with work during operation.

34	.. Plural work stations

This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Device including a plurality of work-supporting, work-engaging means for presenting independent portions of work to the tools.

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43+,	for plural simultaneously operational tools adapted to successively engage plural workpieces.

35	. Turret of tools

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Device including a turnable tool-carrying structure for a first and a second tool (or tool group) wherein the carrying structure about an axis to selectively present one or the other tool to operate on the workpiece.

(1) Note. The first tool (or group of tools) of this subclass is not operational simultaneously with the second tool.

(2) Note. Included herein are tools supported by a flexible belt or chain.

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483,	Tool Changing, subclass 18 and 30+ for a rotary spindle machine tool combined with a tool transfer means for bodily transferring a tool to or from the spindle.

36	. Coaxial tools

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Device wherein the first and second tools turn about a common tool-axis during operation.

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33,	for similar structure, wherein the tool-axis travels laterally with moving work.

37	.. Coaxial, opposed tools

	This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Device wherein the tools are adapted to be positioned on opposite sides of the work along the common axis and, during the cutting operation, move relative to the work and toward each other along the axis.

38	... With additional, converging tool

	This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Device including another tool that moves during its operation toward a point on the axis of the coaxial tools, which point is within the work, during the cutting operation of the tools.

39	... Plural pairs of coaxial, opposed tools

This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Device including another plurality of tools that are also adapted to be positioned on opposite sides of work, along a second common axis which additional plurality of tools move along the second common axis to engage the work and perform a cutting operation.

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38,	for structure meeting this definition, wherein the second common axis intersects the first.

40	... With means to sequentially feed tools toward work

This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Device including provision to relatively move first one, then the other of the opposing tools toward the work.

(1) Note. This subclass is intended to include a pair of tools, both of which are fixed against axial motion and a work-supporting infeed means adapted to move the work, first toward one then toward the other of the tools.

41	... With interconnected means to simultaneously feed tools

	This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Device including structure constructed to feed both of the tools toward the work at the same time.

42	. Plural, simultaneously operational tools

	This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Device including structure causing the relative approach of more than one tool and the work to occur at the same time so that a plurality of cutting operations takes place concurrently.

43	.. With plural simultaneously operational work stations

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device including more than one work-supporting surface for presenting more than one piece of work to different tools at the same time.

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34,	for similar structure wherein the tool axis moves with the work during operation.

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409,	Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, subclasses 221+ for a milling machine including an indexable work support.

44	... Successively acting on workpiece

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Device including means to reposition either the work or the tools between cutting operations, such that a piece of work is presented first to one, then to another of the tools.

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70+,	for means to present a succession of workpieces to a single tool.
88+,	for means to shift a tool position to present that tool to a succession of workpieces.

45	.... Pivotally mounted, work-advancing, work-supporting means, pivot-axis parallel to tool-axis

This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Device wherein the structure for presenting the work to the tools turns about an axis that extends in the same direction as at least one of the tool axes.

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71,	for similar means to present a succession of workpieces to a single tool.

46	.. With provision for adjustment of relationship of axes

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device including means to allow the positional arrangement of one of the tools relative to another of the tools to be changed.

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88,	for a tool that is shiftable relative to its support structure and relative to an opposing, work-engaging surface.

47	.. At least one tool driven by orbiting wrist plate

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device wherein one (or more) of the tools is caused to rotate by the action of an element which revolves so that any point thereon travels in a circular path within a plane normal to the tool-axis and no two points move in the same path, the driving force of the element being transferred directly to the tool or the tool-support by interengagement of a portion of the tool-support that is offset from the tool-axis with a portion of the element.

(1) Note. The motion of the tool-driving means defined above is similar to that of a pencil writing the letter "O".

48	.. At least one tool including flexible drive connection

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device wherein rotary motion is transmitted to one (or more) tool either by (1) a driveshaft turning about an axis that intersects and is skewed with respect to the tool-axis, which driveshaft is rotatably connected to the tool at the point where the tool-axis and the driveshaft-axis intersect so that rotary effort is transmitted from the driveshaft to the tool; or by, (2) a shaft-like member connected to the tool to rotate therewith, which shaft-like member is adapted to bend and transmit rotary effort from a driveshaft turning about an axis other than the tool-axis directly to the tool; wherein the means to apply rotary effort is capable of functioning over a range of tool-axis driveshaft-axis angles.

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127,	for flexible drive means for driving a single tool.

49	.. With work-infeed

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device including a base for supporting the entire device against gravity and including structure for moving the work along a tool-axis relative to the base, toward the tool during the cutting operation of that tool.

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62+,	for similar infeed structure for moving the work toward a single tool.

50	.. With means to advance work relative to tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device including structure for either moving, guiding or otherwise influencing the path along which the material to be subjected to the cutting operation travels.

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45,	for work advancing structure to sequentially present the work to different tools.
69+,	for means to influence the movement of work relative to a single tool.

51	.. With presser-foot

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device with means engaging the work from the same side as the tool so that the work-engaging means tends to push the work along the tool-axis and away from the tool during the cutting operation.

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95+,	for similar structure including a single tool and including a tool-opposing, work-engaging surface.
112,	for similar structure including a single tool.

52	.. With tool-opposing, work-engaging surface

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device including structure to contact the work on the side directly opposite the side initially engaged by the operating cutting tool such that the work-contacting structure tends to resist movement of the work away from the tool, along the tool-axis during the cutting operation.

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87+,	for similar structure, including a single tool.

53	. Rotatable about parallel axes

	This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Device with structure to support the tools so that the axes about which the tools turn extend in the same direction.

54	WITH RADIALLY OUTER LIMIT OF CUTTING EDGE MOVING TO DEFINE CYLINDER PARTIALLY, BUT NOT ENTIRELY ENCIRCLED BY WORK

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device with provision for causing the tool to engage the work during less than 360° and to thereby merely notch the work.

55	AXIS OF TOOL MOVING WITH WORK DURING OPERATION

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device with means to engage and move the work in a direction lateral of the tool-axis wherein tool-supporting structure serves to move the tool such that there is no relative lateral motion of the tool and the work during the cutting operation.

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32,	for similar structure including the use of a plurality of tools.

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83,	Cutting, subclasses 284+ , for a cutter of that class, having of motion in the direction of moving work.

56	WITH MEANS TO APPLY TRANSIENT, FLUENT MEDIUM TO WORK OR PRODUCT

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including means for bringing a flowable substance temporarily into engagement with the work*, or product*, which substance may serve any purpose except treatment of the work or product in a manner provided for elsewhere.

(1) Note. Application of a flowable medium to the cutting edge of a tool is considered to be application of the material to the work.

(2) Note. Means to apply a vacuum in the vicinity of the work, causing the atmosphere to flow over the work is considered to be means to apply fluent medium to the work.

(3) Note. The coating of work, other than as provided for herein, combined with a tool of this class will be found either in the appropriate class for the coating device, or in a class proving for the combination. (See References to Other Classes of this class definition for specific lines).

57	. Including tool with duct

This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Device wherein the means to apply the flowable substance includes a closed, tubelike passageway through the tool* which is used to carry the flowable substance either to or away from the work.

(1) Note. A tool, per se, having a passage therethrough which passage is intended for application of fluent medium to the work is proper for this subclass.

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204+,	for a tool having a passageway to receive an undisturbed core of the workpiece.
207+,	for a tool having a chamber for receiving chips produced by the cutting action of the tool.

58	.. And means to move gaseous fluid by application of vacuum

	This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Device wherein the means for causing a substance to flow serves to create, at an area, a pressure that is lower than the ambient pressure, so that any surrounding gas is moved toward that area by the ambient pressure.

59	.. Conducting channel extending to end of tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Device wherein the tool has a cutting edge at its axial tip, and wherein the closed, tube-like passageway includes a port at the tip of the tool.

(1) Note. The port of a passageway visible in an elevation taken along the tool-axis toward the tool is considered to be at the tip of the tool.

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204+,

for a tool having a passageway extending to the tip thereof, which passageway is to receive an undisturbed core of the workpiece.

60	.. Including nozzle

	This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Device wherein the passageway through the tool terminates in an aperture specifically adapted to eject the flowable medium so that the medium flows beyond the aperture with no restriction, other than that impressed by inertia and/or gravity of the medium, into engagement with the work or the cutting edge of the tool.

61	. Including nozzle

	This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Device having a passageway terminating in an aperture specifically adapted to eject the flowable medium so that the medium flows beyond the aperture with no restriction, other than that impressed by inertia and/or gravity of the medium, into engagement with the work or the cutting edge of the tool.

62	WITH WORK-INFEED MEANS

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including a base for supporting the entire device against gravity and active means to move or carry the work relative to the base, toward the tool, along the tool-axis during the cutting operation.

(1) Note. Included herein is a work- infeed* means, per se; which, as disclosed, cooperates with a tool to perform an operation of this class (408) type.

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99+,	for a tool, tool opposing work-engaging means and means to move the tool relative to the work-engaging means.
111,	for a tool, work-engaging means and means to move the tool relative to the work-engaging means.
129+,	for tool-infeed* means.

63	. Driven by fluid motor

This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Device wherein the work-infeed means is forced to move by the action of a hydraulic or pneumatic prime mover.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

99,	for structure of this class, including a fluid motor adapted to move a tool toward an opposing, work-engaging surface.
130,	for similar structure including a fluid motor adapted to drive a tool.
702,	for an art digest of pneumatic drive structure for use with a device of this class.

64	. Driven by means having sliding engagement therewith

This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Device including a structure moving the infeed means which moving structure includes a surface adapted to contact the infeed means and move relative therewith to force the infeed means to function by a camming-type cooperation therewith.

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100+,

for similar structure adapted to move a tool relative to an opposing work-engaging surface.

65	. Driven by lever or connecting link

	This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Device including structure for moving the infeed means, which moving structure includes a rigid element pivotally connected to the infeed means.

66	. And gear to drive infeed means

This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Device including structure for moving the infeed means which moving structure includes an annular digitated element interdigitating with ridges on the infeed means.

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135,	for gear driven tool-infeed means.

67	WITH PRODUCT HANDLING OR RECEIVING MEANS

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including either means to move the product* means to contain the product, or product guiding means moving relative to the tool during operation.

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200,	for chip-guiding structure that partakes of all motion of the tool during operation.
207,	for a tool or tool with support wherein a portion that partakes of all motion of the tool during operation is a product-receiving chamber.

This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Device including means to move the product off of or out of the tool.

(1) Note. A stationary device used to block movement of the product as a tool moves is not considered to be a product handling means.

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95+,	for a presser-foot similar to structure found herein combined with a tool-opposing work-engaging surface, but for purposes other than ejecting a product from the tool.
112,	for structure similar to the ejector of this subclass, but for other purposes.

69	WITH WORK ADVANCING OR GUIDING MEANS

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including structure for either moving, guiding or otherwise influencing the transportation of the work* from a position remote from the tool to a second position nearer than the first to the tool, or including structure for supporting the work in the vicinity of the tool and additional means to engage the work and move the work relative to the tool and work-supporting structure.

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49,	for similar structure including plural, simultaneously operational tools.
89+,	for structure including a work-support shiftable about an axis from a first to a second position, both of which positions are within the vicinity of the tool.
91,	for structure including a work-support shiftable rectilinearly from a first to a second position, both of which positions are in the vicinity of the tool.

70	. Means to intermittently advance work

This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Device including means to cause the work to move step-by-step from a first position remote from the tool, to a second position remote from the tool, and on to a third position.

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44+,	for similar structure adapted to sequentially present work to a plurality of tools.

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409,	Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, subclasses 221+ for a milling machine including an indexable work support.

71	.. Rotary, work-supporting means

This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Device wherein the moving means is fixed to pivot about an axis so that the work that it moves turns about that axis as it is advanced toward the tool-station.

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44+,	for similar structure adapted to present work to a plurality of tools.

72R	WITH WORK-ENGAGING STRUCTURE OTHER THAN TOOL OR TOOL-SUPPORT

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device with a tool or tool-supporting or guiding structure and structure adapted to contact the work.

(1) Note. The work-contacting structure of this and the subclasses indented hereunder usually serves to define a kinematic relationship between the tool and the work.

(2) Note. The tool-supporting or guiding structure and the work-contacting structure may be fixed together to function as a single unit. (See especially subclass 115 and this, the outdent, subclass).

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241,	for a tool-guiding jig (or "Drill Bushing") lacking a work-contacting surface.

73	. With means actuated by work to release tool from fixed position in tool support

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device including a tool, tool-supporting structure, provision to secure the tool in a position to perform a cutting operation of the class type, and means to cause the securing provision to become ineffective so that the tool can move relative to the tool-supporting structure and relative to the work into an inoperative position; wherein the means to cause the securing provision to become ineffective includes a surface adapted to contact the work and thereby cause the means to function.

(1) Note. The securing provision of this subclass includes a moving means as well as a means to permit movement of the tool.

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8+,	for similar structure including "control" means.
142,	for structure to secure to a tool in position, having means to release the tool in response to movement of a splined shaft relative to the tool.
148+,	for structure to secure a tool in position, having means to release the tool according to relative movement of machine parts.

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407,	Cutters, for Shaping, for a tool or tool-assemblage adapted to perform a cutting function while moving radially.
409,	Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for a cutting machine including a cutting tool which performs a cutting function while moving radially.

74	.. Adapted to engage work at tool-axis

	This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Device wherein the work-contacting surface that serves to cause the securing provision to become ineffective abuts the work at the tool-axis*.

75	. Centering means adapted to be replaced by tool

	This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device including means adapted to be in the tool-support prior to the cutting operation so that the device can be precisely positioned, which means is to be removed from the tool-support so that the tool can be positioned therein to function in the cutting operation.

76	. Magnetic or suction means

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device wherein the work is attracted to the work-engaging means by either, (1) the action on ferrous work of aligned molecules in the additional means; or, (2) by the reduction of atmospheric pressure in restricted areas between the work-engaging surface and the work to cause the work to be urged toward the surface by atmospheric pressure acting on other areas of the work.

77	. Tool supporting wheel

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device wherein the work-contacting structure includes an annular member rotatably connected to the device at the central axis of the member, and adapted to rest upon the work to sustain thereupon at least a substantial portion of the device against gravity during the cutting operation.

(1) Note. The annular work-contacting structure of this subclass is normally used to support and transport the device when the device is not being used to perform an operation of this class type.

(2) Note. This subclass is to receive cross-reference copies of portable, wheel-supported cutting machines wherein the wheels are not resting on the work at the time when the cutting operation is taking place.

78	.. Wheel-axis parallel to tool-axis

	This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Device wherein the central axis about which the annular member rotates extends in the same direction as the tool-axis* during the cutting operation.

79	. Frictionally engaging sides of opening in work

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device wherein the work-contacting structure is adapted to be received by a passageway through or a recession in the surface of the work so that the work-contacting structure may contact the wall of the passageway or the recession to stabilize a portion of the device relative to the work.

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93+,	for a structure that passes through a passageway in the work to secure a tool-opposing, work-engaging means to the device, wherein there is no disclosure of stabilization of the structure caused by engagement with the walls of the passageway.

80	.. Opening coaxial with tool

	This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Device wherein the work-contacting means is adapted to contact the wall of a cylindrical opening in the work, the axis of which opening is co-extensive with the tool-axis.

81	... Engaging sides of opening being enlarged by tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Device wherein the cutting tool is adapted to engage and modify characteristics of the passageway or recession contacted by the additional work-contacting means.

(1) Note. The work-contacting means of this subclass may contact the wall of the passageway or recession at a point remote from the operating tool.

82	.... Engaging surface axially advanced of tool-action

	This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Device wherein the work-contacting structure is adapted to contact the wall of the passageway at a point that will be later subjected to the cutting action if the tool is allowed to continue to progress.

83	.... Engaging surface subsequent to tool-action on that surface

	This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Device wherein the work-contacting structure is adapted to contact the wall of the passageway at a point that has been subjected to the cutting action of the tool, wherein the radius of the wall of the cylindrical opening contacted by the work-contacting means is the same as the radius being cut by the tool.

83.5	... Valve fitting:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Apparatus comprising structure particularly adapted to cut a shape on a workpiece to serve in cooperation with an opposing surface to selectively permit passage of fluid therebetween.

84	. Funnel like work-engaging surface cooperating with protuberance on work

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device wherein the work-contacting structure includes a surface similar to the inside of a cone, which surface is specifically adapted to receive a projecting portion of the work to align that portion of the work relative to the device.

(1) Note. The "conical" surface of this subclass is not necessarily circular in cross-section. However, it must be three-dimensional. For example, a simple notch adapted to align a rod is not considered to be similar to a cone.

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110+,

for a tool combined with a relatively movable work-engaging surface which may have a notch therein to align a rod.

85	. Adapted to "form" recession in work

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device in which the work-contacting structure penetrates the work surface at a point which has not been previously modified.

(1) Note. The work-penetrating structure of this subclass is not to be confused with the device of Class 83, Cutting, or the device of Class 72, Metal Deforming. To be placed herein, the penetrating means must solely facilitate the securing or aligning of a cutting instrumentality relative to work and the depression formed must be unused at any other time for any other purpose.

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195,	for means to "form" a recession in the work that is not separate from the tool or the tool-support, wherein the tool is positionable relative to the tool-support.
208,	for a tool of this class including a lead screw adapted to "form" a recession in the work, a product-receiving chamber, and a cutting edge.
214,	for a tool of this class including a material penetrating lead screw and a cutting edge.

86	.. Recession at tool-axis

	This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Device wherein the work-contacting structure penetrates the work-surface at the tool-axis*.

87	. Having tool-opposing, work-engaging surface

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device wherein the work-contacting structure is positioned to contact the work on the side directly opposite the side initially engaged by the operating cutting tool such that the work-contacting structure tends to resist movement of the work away from the tool, along the tool-axis during the cutting operation.

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52,	for a tool-opposing, work-engaging surface that is part of a structure of this class including a plurality of tools.

88	.. Tool having shiftable tool-axis

This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device including a base for supporting the device and structure for allowing the device to be modified in such a way that the axis about which the tool turns during the cutting operation is relocated relative to the base.

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35,	for means to carry a plurality of tools and to selectively present one or another of the tools to the work.
46,	for means to reposition one of a plurality of simultaneously operational tools.
89+,	for structure including means for shifting the work-contacting structure about an axis relative to the tool-axis where it is not clear if the tool-axis or the work-engaging structure is shifted.
91,	for structure including means for shifting the work-contacting structure laterally relative to the tool-axis where it is not clear if the tool-axis or the work-engaging structure is shifted.
99+,	for an axially moving tool loosely mounted and freely positionable in a work-contacting structure, the work-contacting structure serving to merely counteract the thrust of the tool against the work and support only that part of the tool-supporting structure transmitting thrust thereto.

89	.. Angularly adjustable surface

This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device including structure allowing the work-contacting structure to be pivoted relative to the tool, about an axis.

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71,	for similar structure adapted to support a workpiece and move it, in a support, to bring the workpiece about an axis from a remote position to a position to be engaged by the tool.

90	... Adjustable about axis that is parallel to tool-axis

	This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Device wherein the axis about which the work-contacting structure is allowed to pivot extends in the same direction as the tool-axis.

91	.. Laterally adjustable surface

This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device including structure allowing the tool-opposing work-contacting structure to be moved, relative to the tool, in a direction other than parallel to the tool-axis.

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70+,	for similar structure adapted to support a workpiece and move it, in a support to bring the workpiece from a remote position to a position to be engaged by the tool.

92	.. Flexible or concatenated member

	This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device wherein the tool-opposing work-contacting surface is constructed either of plaint material or of a plurality of interconnected links and is connected to tool guiding or supporting structure at the lateral extremities thereof.

93	.. Connected to tool through opening being enlarged by tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device for modifying the bore of a previously existing passageway through the work wherein the work-contacting structure is secured to other parts of the device by means extending into and beyond the passageway.

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80+,	for similar structures wherein the securing structure or the work-contacting structure is specifically adapted to frictionally engage the side wall of the passageway.

94	... Plural, coaxially opposing, work-engaging means

This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Device having an additional work-contacting structure adapted to cooperate with the first work-contacting structure to grip the work therebetween, wherein the first work-contacting structure engages the work on the side opposite the direction of tool approach resisting movement of the work away from the tool and the second work-contacting structure engages the work on the side initially engaged by the operating tool urging the work away from the operating tool to grip the work between the first and second work-contacting structures.

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95+,	for similar structure wherein the tool-opposing surface is connected to the tool than through the passageway being enlarged by the tool.

95	.. With presser foot

This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device with a second work-contacting structure to engage the work from the same side as the tool so that this second work-contacting structure tends to push the work along the tool-axis, away from the tool and toward the first work-contacting structure during the cutting operation.

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51,	for a presser-foot used with a plurality of tools.
68,	for a presser-foot adapted to fraction to move the product away from the tool.
94,	for structure including a tool opposing work-engaging structure and a presser- foot connected together through the opening being enlarged by the tool.
103+,	for other cooperating, work-gripping surfaces wherein neither is in tool-opposing position.

96	... Encompassed by tool during cut

This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Device wherein the second work-contacting means includes a surface for engaging the work in the vicinity of the tool-axis as the tool sweeps in a circle extending radially beyond the second work-contacting structure and wherein the tool is void of a cutting edge in the vicinity contacted by the second work-contacting structure.

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68,	for a presser-foot encompassed by the tool, wherein the presser-foot also serves to eject a piece of product out of the confines of the tool.

97	... Including tool-guide (or bushing)

This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Device including a tool-encircling structure advanced of any tool-driving structure along the tool-axis, which encircling structure is adapted to slidingly engage the tool and thereby restrict the tool from moving or flexing laterally.

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72,	for nonadjustable structure that is similar to the device found herein, but lacking a tool-opposing work-engaging structure.
115,	for adjustable structure that is similar to the device found herein, but lacking a tool-opposing work-engaging structure.
241,	for similar structure lacking any work-engaging structure.

98	... Base supported machine

	This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Device supported by structure adapted to rest on a generally stationary surface remote from the tool during operation.

99	.. With means to move tool relative to other work-engaging structure along tool-axis

This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device including structure to cause relocation of the tool with respect to the work-contacting structure in the direction parallel with the tool-axis.

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62+,	for similar structure, including a machine-supporting base and means to move the work, relative to the base, toward the tool, along the tool-axis.
92,	for similar structure wherein the tool-opposing work-contacting structure is flexible or concatenated.
111,	for similar structure having a work-contacting surface that does not oppose the tool.
129+,	for tool-moving structure lacking a work-engaging means in addition to the tool.

100	... Having sliding engagement therewith

This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Device wherein the structure for causing relocation includes a surface adapted to contact either tool or work-contacting means and move relative thereto to cause relocation by a camming or wedging cooperation therewith.

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64,	for similar structure adapted to move work toward a tool and relative to a base caring operation.

101	.... Screw coaxial with tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Device wherein the camming means includes a helically disposed inclined plane rotatable about an axis in alignment with the tool-axis.

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137,	for a screw used to drive a tool to move axially in the absence of a work-contacting structure.

102	.. Tool having screw-thread engaging frame to cause infeed

This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device including a helically ribbed tool or tool-support adapted to interfit with nonrotating structure of the frame of the machine supporting the entire assemblage so that the tool moves axially relative to the nonrotating structure and the work-engaging structure as it rotates to perform a cutting function.

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138,	for similar structure lacking work-engaging means in addition to the tool.

103	. Work-gripping clamp

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device including structure for supporting a pair of surfaces and means to move one of the surfaces toward the other to grippingly contact a workpiece held therebetween.

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95+,	for a device including work gripping surfaces wherein one surface of the pair is a tool-opposing surface.

104	.. Adapted to coaxially grip round work

	This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Device wherein the work-contacting surfaces are shaped to grip cylindrical work and hold that work so that the cylindrical axis thereof is in substantial alignment with the tool-axis.

105	... Oppositely moving lateral clamps

This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Device including means to move both of the work-contacting surfaces simultaneously toward each other.

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108,	for oppositely moving clamps adapted to grip other than coaxially.

106	.... Three or more moving clamps

	This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Device including more than two surfaces having means to cause them to simultaneously move to converge upon and grip the cylindrical workpiece.

107	... Base supported clamp

	This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Device wherein the work-contacting surfaces are supported by structure adapted to rest on a generally stationary surface, remote from the tool during operation.

108	.. Oppositely moving lateral clamps

This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Device including means to move both of the work-contacting surfaces simultaneously toward each other.

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105+,

for oppositely moving clamps adapted to grip round work.

109	.. Adjustable relative to tool-axis

	This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Device including means to permit the structure supporting the work-contacting surfaces to be repositioned laterally relative to the tool-axis.

110	. Movable relative to tool along tool-axis

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device including means to support the tool while permitting the tool to rotate relative thereto, which supporting means is fixed to travel axially with the tool as the tool travels relative to the work-contacting structure and the work.

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92,	for similar structure combined with a work-encircling flexible or concatenated member.

111	.. Including means to move tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Device including structure to cause relocation of the tool with respect to the work-contacting structure in the direction parallel to the tool-axis.

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62+,	for tool-moving structure including a machine supporting base and means to move the work relative to the base toward the tool along the tool-axis.
99+,	for tool-moving structure combined with a tool-opposing, work-engaging surface.
129+,	for similar structure lacking a work-contacting surface in addition to the tool.

112	.. With means to bias tool away from work

This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Device including yieldable means adapted to urge the tool along the tool-axis in the direction away from the work during the cutting operation.

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51,	for means to bias work away from a plurality of simultaneously acting tools.
68,	for means to bias work away from a tool and eject the product of the cutting operation away from the tool.
95+,	for a biased presser foot combined with a tool and a tool-opposing work-engaging surface.

113	. Axially fixed to tool

	This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device including means to axially secure the work-contacting structure to the tool while permitting relative rotation therebetween so that for any axial advance of the tool, there is equal axial advance of the work-contacting surface.

114	.. Work-engaging surface parallel to tool-axis

	This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Device wherein the portion of the work-contacting structure that meets the work is generally planar and is positioned such that one dimension thereof extends in the same direction as the tool-axis.

115R	. Adjustable, tool-guiding jig

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device including a tool-encircling structure advanced of any tool-driving structure along the tool-axis, which encircling structure is adapted to slidingly engage the tool and thereby restrict the tool from moving or flexing laterally, which device includes provision to permit the work-contacting structure to be repositioned relative to the tool-encircling structure.

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72,	for similar structure lacking provision for adjustment.
97,	for similar structure including a tool-opposing, work-engaging surface,
241,	for a tool-guiding jig (or "drill-bushing") lacking a work-contacting surface.

115B	.. Guide bushing

	This subclass has no definition.

	This subclass has no definition.

116	TOOL-SUPPORT WITH MEANS TO RECEIVE TOOL-POSITION INDICATOR

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including structure specifically provided to receive means for determining and designating a characteristic of the device, work or product.

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16,	for the combination of a device of this class type with an indicator.

117	PLURAL TOOL-ASSEMBLAGES

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including structure adapted to sustain a plurality of separately formed tools, consisting of (1) a plurality of tools of this class type adapted to operate simultaneously, which are not fixed to move together during the cutting operation; or, (2) a plurality of independent tools adapted to be used separately.

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31+,	for a complete machine (i.e., work-supporting structure in combination with tool-supporting structure, including a plurality of tools.
188+,	for a device having a tool that is movable about an axis to expose different areas of the tool, which areas are to be used in the cutting operation, wherein only one cutting station is operatable at a given time.

	This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Device wherein separately formed tools are mounted to simultaneously turn about a same tool-axis, which tools are not fixed to move together during the cutting operation.

119	.. Spring biased

	This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Device including resilient means urging the tools to move together along the tool-axis.

120	TOOL OR TOOL-SUPPORT WITH TORQUE-APPLYING RATCHET

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including a tool or a tool-support and means fixed thereto, including means for supplying torque to the tool, and including means located between the tool and the means for supplying torque thereto for locking the tool to the torque-supplying means when torque is supplied in one direction, which locking means is inoperative for transmitting torque when attempt is made to transmit torque in the opposite direction.

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81,	Tools, subclasses 60+ , for ratchet structure of general utility, especially ratchet structure adapted to rotate a wrench or screwdriver.

121	. With thrust applying means

This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Device including means acting to urge the tool along the tool-axis toward the work.

(1) Note. A resilient member may be considered to "urge the tool" as required herein.

(2) Note. A ratchet type, torque-applying means combined with means to apply thrust will be found herein, even if the device would otherwise be considered to be torque applying ratchet of general utility such as is found in Class 81, subclasses 60+.

122	.. Reversible ratchet

This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Device including provision to allow the locking means to be operative to transmit torque selectively in either direction (and correspondingly to be inoperative in the respective opposite direction).

(1) Note. A ratchet device that is simply turned over to reverse the output is not considered proper for this subclass.

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123,	for a reversible ratchet without a thrust-applying means.

122.5

.. Double-acting ratchet

	This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Device including additional provision to cause the torque-supplying means to continue to act on the tool in the same direction when the supplying means is moved in the reverse direction.

123	. Reversible ratchet

This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Device including provision to allow the locking means to be operative to transmit torque selectively in either direction (and correspondingly to be inoperative in the respective opposite direction).

(1) Note. A ratchet device that is simply turned over to reverse the output is not considered proper for this subclass.

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122,	for a reversible ratchet combined with thrust-applying means.

124	MEANS TO DRIVE TOOL

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including tool-sustaining structure and means to move the tool axially and/or to rotate the tool against the work during the cutting operation wherein the moving means comprises either (1) structure that moves relative to the tool and relative to the tool-sustaining structure, or comprises (2) resilient stored energy means, electrical (e.g., magnet or solenoid) means, or hydraulic means.

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17,	for drive structure particularly adapted to transmit to the tool reciprocating motion of increasing stroke length or of changing datum such that the tool is progressively advanced toward the work.

125	. With specific tool structure

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Device including a tool having a particular, claimed structure for performing an operation of this class type.

(1) Note. Because of the placement of this subclass, it serves as a filter through which only drive means brought into this class by machine-frame* structure may pass. (See the lines between this class and classes of drive structure expressed in References to Other Classes of the definition of this class).

126	. Friction gearing

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Device wherein the means to drive the tool includes first and second rotatable members, each of which has a generally uniform surface of revolution, wherein the first member is supplied with rotary effort and the second member is connected to the tool, the two members being adapted to engage each other at a portion of their respective surfaces of revolution to transmit rotary effort from the first to the second (and thereby to the tool) in proportion with the pressure applied to force the surfaces into engagement with each other.

127	. Universal or flexible drive connection to rotate tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Device including either (1) a driveshaft turning about an axis that intersects and is skewed with respect to the tool-axis, which driveshaft is rotatably connected to the tool at the point where the tool-axis and the driveshaft-axis intersect so that rotary effort is transmitted from the driveshaft to the tool; or including (2) a shaft-like member connected to the tool to rotate therewith, which shaft-like member is adapted to bend and transmit rotary effort from a driveshaft turning about an axis other than the tool-axis directly to the tool; wherein the means to apply rotary effort is capable of functioning over a range of tool-axis/driveshaft-axis angles.

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48,	for flexible drive structure for plural tools, combined with work-contacting structure.

128	. Belt and pulley

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Device wherein the tool driving structure includes an annular drum rotatable about an axis and includes an endless, flexible band adapted to be wrapped about the drum to transmit rotary effort from a remote rotating body to the drum by frictional engagement therewith.

(1) Note. Because of the particular relationship of the band and drum of the device in this subclass, it is deemed that a device including a specific drum combined with a band that is merely implied is proper for placement in this subclass.

129	. Including means to move tool along tool-axis

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Device including structure to cause relocation of the tool in the direction parallel with the tool-axis.

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62+,	for work-infeed* means similar in construction to the device of this subclass.
99+,	for drive structure combined with a tool-opposing, work-engaging means.
111,	for means to drive a tool along the tool-axis, combined with work-engaging means other than the tool.

130	.. Fluid means

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device wherein the structure to cause relocation of the tool includes a motor driven by hydraulic or pneumatic pressure.

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63,	for work-infeed means driven by a fluid motor.
124,	for fluid means to cause a tool to rotate.
702,	for a digest specific to pneumatic drive means.

131	.. Laterally adjustable tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device including frame structure for supporting the tool and tool-drive structure against gravity and including provision to allow the tool to be selectively shifted relative to the frame, in a direction other than parallel to the tool-axis, so that the tool-axis is relocated.

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88,	for a laterally adjustable tool combined with tool-opposing work-engaging surface.
234+,	for adjustable machine frame structure lacking tool-drive means.

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144,	Woodworking, for a device wherein a tool is shifted laterally during the cutting operation and wherein the material cut is wood.
409,	Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for structure including a tool shifted laterally during the cutting operation, generally.

132	.. With clutch means

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device including means for transmitting rotary effort to a driven shaft from a driving shaft, the transmitting means including a first part fixed to move with the driven shaft and a second part fixed to move with the driving shaft, the parts being arranged to selectively be connected together, so that rotary effort can selectively be transmitted from the driving shaft to the driven shaft.

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139+,

for structure of this class including a torque-applying clutch.

133	... Including plural speed drive

This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Device including an input means connected to a remote source of power and an output means adapted to transmit power from that source to the tool, wherein the drive means includes provision to change the velocity of the output means without a corresponding change in velocity of the input means.

(1) Note. An "input" means is any moving part of a device to which power is applied; whereas an "output" means is any moving part of that device from which power is supplied to another device; therefore, the "output" of one device may be the input of the other device.

134	... Actuated by tool movement

This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Device including provision to cause the means for transmitting rotary effort selectively to be triggered to function in accord to the position of the tool along the tool-axis.

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9,	for similar structure including control means.

135	.. Rack and pinion

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device wherein the tool or a portion of the tool-support includes an elongate, transversely grooved surface that is parallel with the tool-axis; which device includes a member rotatable about an axis generally parallel to the undulations of the grooved surface, having ribs adapted to interdigitate with the grooves of the surface of the tool or tool-support in order to cause infeed of the tool in reaction to rotation of the ribbed member.

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66,	for gear driven work-infeed* means.

136	.. Manually moved lever

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device including a generally elongated member having a portion at one end thereof adapted to be engaged by and receive force from the hand or foot of an operative, a portion at the other end of the member adapted to engage and receive force from the frame of the machine, and including a third portion intermediate the other two portions adapted to move the tool responsive to the applied forces.

137	.. Screw coaxial with tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device wherein the structure which moves relative to the tool and relative to the tool-sustaining structure for causing relocation is rotatable about an axis in alignment with the tool-axis and includes a helically disposed, inclined surface adapted to contact either the tool or tool-sustaining structure and move relative thereto to cause relocation by a camming or wedging cooperation therewith.

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101,	for a drive screw coaxial with the tool, combined with a tool-opposing work-engaging surface.

138	TOOL OR TOOL-SUPPORT WITH THRUST-APPLYING MACHINE-ENGAGING SCREW

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including a helically-ribbed tool or tool-support adapted to interfit with nonrotating structure of the frame of the machine supporting the entire assemblage so that the tool moves axially relative to the nonrotating structure as it rotates to perform a cutting function.

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102,	for similar structure including a tool-opposing, work-engaging surface.

139	TOOL OR TOOL-SUPPORT WITH TORQUE-APPLYING CLUTCH

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including a tool or a tool-support combined with means for transmitting rotary effort to the tool from a driving shaft that is coaxial with the tool, the transmitting means including a first part fixed to move with the tool and a second part fixed to move with the driving shaft, the parts being arranged to selectively be connected together, so that rotary effort can selectively be transmitted from the driving shaft to the tool.

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124+,	for similar structure wherein the tool-axis and the axis of the driving shaft are not coextensive.
129,	for a torque-applying clutch combined with tool-drive means.

140	. Friction clutch

	This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Device wherein the first and second parts include generally planar surfaces that abut so that they yieldably rub against each other to transmit rotary effort, the rotary effort transmitted being proportional to the pressure used to force the part into abutment.

141	TOOL OR TOOL-SUPPORT WITH TORQUE-APPLYING SPLINE

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including a tool or tool-support combined with means for transmitting rotary effort to the tool from a driving shaft that is coaxial with the tool, the transmitting means including a rib, groove, or pin in either the tool-support or the driving shaft extending parallel to the tool-axis and including means on the other element to slidably interengage therewith, so that the shaft and tool-support are rotatably fixed together, but axially movable, one relative to the other.

142	. Relative motion of splined shaft and tool-support causing release of tool from operating position

This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Device including means actuated by movement of the driving shaft and the tool-support, the actuated means serving to permit the tool to move relative to the tool-support and out of operative relationship with the work.

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73+,	for similar means actuated by contact with the work.
148+,	for similar means actuated relative movement of machines parts.

143	TOOL-CARRIER WITH VIBRATION-DAMPING MEANS

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including structure to sustain a tool against gravity and partake of substantially all of the tool motion during the cutting operation and including either (1) means to impart to the tool a vibration characteristic different from that vibration characteristic imparted by the reaction of the tool and work, such that the resultant vibration characteristic of the tool is less than that imparted by the reaction of the tool and work, or (2) means specifically to absorb the energy of a vibrating tool.

(1) Note. The purpose of the device of this subclass is to reduce or eliminate resultant vibration of the tool.

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17,	for a tool-carrier with means to cause the cutting edge of the tool to vibrate progressively toward the work.

144	TOOL OF SPECIFIC DIVERSE MATERIAL

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including a tool composed of a plurality of particularly recited materials.

(1) Note. This subclass is intended to serve as the locus of devices including a tool for performing an operation of this class type, which tool is constructed of a plurality of materials which may be secured together by releasable means, bonded together, or welded together so that the resultant properties of such a composite tool are considered to be better than those of a tool made of a single material.

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713,	for a digest of tools having a detachable cutting edge, which may be of different material than the tool body.

145	TOOL HAVING CRYSTALLINE CUTTING EDGE

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including a tool, the cutting edge of which is at least in part of material that is either a natural crystal or is the character of a natural crystal.

(1) Note. The "natural crystal" of this subclass definition is not intended to include a stone shaped as a cutting tooth.

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451,	Abrading, for a machine including a crystalline cutting instrumentality other than as provided for in the definition of Class 408. (Note that Class 451 has not been screened for art proper for Class 408.)

146	TOOL-SUPPORT WITH MEANS TO MOVE TOOL RELATIVE TO TOOL-SUPPORT

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including structure to sustain a tool against gravity during the cutting operation, and mechanical means to displace the tool and hold the tool in position relative to the sustaining structure.

(1) Note. It is to be understood that the "means to move" of this subclass requires merely that the structure reasonably may be utilized to force a tool to move relative to a tool-support.

(2) Note. A simple spring or gravity-type tool-urging device is not considered to be "means to move" as required herein.

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409,	Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for a machine including a rotating cutter that is moved laterally and/or radially of the tool-axis during operation.

147	. To move radially

	This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Device wherein the mechanical means serves to displace the tool so that the cutting edge thereof is moved toward or away from the tool-axis.

148	.. With tool releasing trigger

This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Device including structure for moving the tool radially, structure for locking the tool in an extended (i.e., operatable) position and, including provision to release the locking means in response to the occurrence of an anticipated condition.

(1) Note. In most of the patents herein the tool or the tool-moving means is resiliently biased against the locking device by a spring adapted to move the tool out of operative position upon movement of the device.

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4,	for locking structure similar to that found herein, but for interlocking one machine member and then releasing that member in response to the position of another machine element.
5+,	for means for sensing condition and provision to terminate operation of a machine in response thereto.
8+,	for control means energized by a detector.

149	... And separate tool setting means

	This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Device including provision to activate the structure for locking the tool and provision to release the locking structure wherein the activating provision and the releasing provision are separate and independently operating, so that the operation of either does not bring about a corresponding operation of the other.

150	.. To move eccentrically mounted tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Device wherein the tool is secured to the tool-sustaining structure so that actuation of the displacing means causes the tool to be moved relative to the tool-sustaining structure about an axis parallel to, but not concentric with the tool axis.

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159,	for similar structure wherein the tool is displaced by the action of an axially slidable means and wherein the tool is displaced about an axis that is not parallel to the tool-axis.
180,	for similar structure wherein the axis about the tool is displaced not parallel to the tool-axis.
187+,	for similar structure lacking means to displace the tool.

151	... Tool-support including plural, adjustable sections

	This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Device including, in addition to the tool-sustaining and tool-displacing means, provision to permit the tool to be positioned relative to the tool-support.

152	.. Moving means including pinion engaging rack-like surface of tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Device wherein the tool or a portion of the tool-support contacting the tool includes an elongate, transversely grooved surface; which device includes a member rotatable about an axis generally parallel to the undulations of the grooved surface, having ribs adapted to interdigitate with the grooves of the surface of the tool or tool-support in order to cause the tool to move radially in reaction to rotation of the ribbed member.

153	.. Moving means including wedge, screw or cam

This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Device in which the displacement of the tool is caused either (1) by a member comprising a first and a second face, the faces meeting at an acute angle, adapted to be actuated substantially parallel to the first face, so that a tool slidably engaging the second face is displaced; (2) by a member having a helically- ribbed surface rotatable relative to a cooperating surface so that the ribbed surface and the cooperating surface are relatively displaced along the axis about which the helically ribbed surface rotates; whereby, a tool connected to one of the surfaces is displaced; or, (3) by a member which oscillates or rotates relative to the tool about a center and carries a surface composed of fixes points of varying distance from the center, which surface imparts motion to a follower in contact therewith, which motion varies in accordance with the varying distances of the fixed points on the surface from the center of the member.

154	... With resiliently urged tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device including an element adapted to yield without exceeding the elastic limit thereof, which element is operatively connected to the tool to project said tool in opposition to said displacing means.

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714,	an art digest, for similar structure lacking means to move the tool radially, but including resiliently yieldable structure to allow the tool to move relative to tool-support structure or relative to other portions of the tool.

155	.... With spring retainer

	This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Device wherein said tool is inwardly urged against the displacing means by an annular, tool-encompassing, resilient means which restrains said tool against radial expansion.

156	.... Resilient tool or tool-support

This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Device wherein the resilient member is a flexible portion of the tool or tool-support.

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714,	an art digest, for a resilient tool lacking tool moving means.

157	... Including oppositely moving, diverging tools

	This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device including a pair of cutting tools, each mounted to be displaced radially outwardly from the tool-axis and axially toward the work, which tools are interconnected so that movement of one of the tools is accompanied by a similar movement of the other tool.

158	... Axially slidable moving-means

This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device wherein the displacing member is actuated to move in a direction parallel to the tool-axis.

(1) Note. The displacing member provided for in this subclass may rotate relative to the tool as it moves along the tool-axis, but otherwise is not to move other than parallel to the tool-axis.

159	.... Tool pivotally mounted on support

This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Device wherein the tool is secured to the tool-sustaining structure so that actuation of the tool-displacing means causes the tool to be moved about an axis relative to the tool-sustaining structure.

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150,	for similar structure wherein the tool is displaced about an axis that is parallel to the tool-axis.
180,	for similar structure wherein the tool is displaced by means other than an axially slidable moving means.
187+,	for a pivotable tool lacking means to displace the tool relative to the sustaining means.

160	.... Having axially spaced shoulders

	This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Device wherein the displacing member includes a plurality of successive inclined surfaces adapted to correspond and coact with oppositely inclined surfaces on the tool to effect displacement of said tool.

161	.... Screw driven wedge or cam

	This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Device including means to actuate the displacing member comprising a helically ribbed element adapted to mesh with helical grooves in the tool-support or in the displacing member so that rotation of the ribbed element relative to the grooved member serves to move the displacing member relative to the tool-support.

162	..... Screw with axis radially spaced from tool-axis

	This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Device wherein the helically-ribbed element is adapted to turn about an axis that is parallel to, but not concentric with the tool-axis.

163	..... Annular wedge-collar

This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Device wherein said mechanism for displacing the tool comprises a ring member concentric with the tool-axis embracing the tool, adapted for movement along the tool-axis relative to the tool-sustaining structure to contact the tool with an inclined surface on the ring member and move the tool radially.

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172,	for similar structure wherein the ring member is displaced by means other than a helically-ribbed element.

164	...... Axially spaced tool-retaining collars

	This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Device including a second ring member of structure and function similar to the first, which second ring member is adapted to simultaneously engage the same cutter in a different position along the tool-axis from the first ring member.

165	....... With travelling wedge

This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Device including, in addition to the ring members, a mandrel movable along the tool-axis having a tapered surface adapted to engage a cooperating surface of the tool and urge the tool toward the inclined surfaces of the ring members.

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168,	for similar structure including a traveling wedge but lacking axially-spaced tool-retaining wedge collars.

166	....... Tool having axially facing, collar-receiving groove

	This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Device wherein the tool is provided with a recess to receive the ring member as the ring member moves axially into engagement with the tool.

167	....... Including two-piece collar

	This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Device wherein one of the ring members is provided with a secondary ring member in contact therewith and adapted to displace the primary ring member along the tool-axis.

168	..... Traveling wedge

This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Device wherein the tool-displacing member is a mandrel movable along the tool-axis including a tapered surface adapted to engage a cooperating surface of the tool and to thereby displace the tool radially.

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165,	for a traveling wedge cooperating with axially-spaced wedge collars.

169	...... Interfitting, tool-retaining wedge

	This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Device wherein the axially- movable mandrel is shaped to conform to the shape of the tool so that a portion thereof interdigitates with a portion of the tool to restrict relative motion therebetween to motion along the tapered surface of the mandrel.

170	....... Including separable interfitting element

	This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Device wherein the portion of the tool or mandrel which serves to restrict relative motion therebetween is detachable from both the tool and the mandrel.

171	...... Having externally threaded shank connected to tool-support

	This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Device wherein said displacing member includes a helically-grooved extension adapted to cooperatively mesh with a helically-ribbed actuating element or with a helically-ribbed portion of the tool-support so that relative rotation of the cooperatively meshing parts serves to move said displacing member.

172	.... Annular wedge-collar

This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Device wherein said mechanism for displacing the tool comprises a ring member concentric with the tool-axis embracing the tool, adapted for movement along the tool-axis relative to the tool-sustaining structure to contact the tool with an inclined surface on the ring member and move the tool radially.

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163+,

for similar structure wherein the ring member is displaced by a helically- ribbed element.

173	... Rotary cam

This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device in which displacement of the tool is caused by a member which oscillates or rotates relative to the tool about a center and carries a surface composed of fixed points of varying distances from the center, which surface imparts motion to follower in contact therewith, which motion varies an accordance with the varying distances of the fixed points on the surface from the center of the member.

174	.... Scroll plate

	This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Device wherein the displacing member turns about the tool-axis and carries first and second surfaces, parallel to one another and of fixed points of varying distance from the axis, which surfaces cooperate with a follower to impart motion to the follower and to restrict movement of the follower.

175	..... Volute scroll

	This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Device wherein the first and second surfaces extend through at least 3605 and progressively vary in distance from the center.

176	..... With means to rotate scroll

	This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Device with mechanical means to cause the displacing member to move about its said center.

177	..... With adjustable means to limit scroll movement

	This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Device including structure adapted to determine the extent of movement about a center that the tool-displacing member turns which determining structure can be regulated to vary the extend of movement of the tool-displacing member.

178	.... Coaxial with tool-axis

	This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Device wherein the tool-displacing member is mounted to turn, relative to the tool-sustaining structure, about the tool-axis.

179	... Wedge moving perpendicular to tool-axis

This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device in which the displacement of the tool is caused by a member comprising a first and a second face, the faces meeting at an acute angle, adapted to be actuated substantially parallel to the first face, so that a tool slidably engaging the second face is displaced; wherein, the displacing member is moved radially relative to the tool-support in a plane normal to the tool-axis.

180	... Pivotable tool-support

This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device wherein the tool is secured to the tool-sustaining structure so that actuation of the tool-displacing means causes the tool to be moved about an axis relative to the tool-sustaining structure.

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150,	for similar structure wherein the tool is displaced about an axis that is parallel to the tool-axis.
159,	for similar structure wherein the tool is displaced by an axially-slidable moving means.
187+,	for a pivotable tool lacking means to displace the tool relative to the sustaining means.

181	... Screw extending perpendicular to tool-axis

This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device in which the displacement of the tool is caused by a member having a helically-ribbed surface rotatable relative to a cooperating surface so that the ribbed surface and the cooperating surface are relatively displaced along the axis about which the helically-ribbed surface rotates; whereby, a tool connected to one of the surfaces is displaced; wherein, the member having a helically-ribbed surface is rotatable about an axis that intersects and is normal to the tool-axis.

182	.... Plural tools moved by diametrically opposed screws

	This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Device including a second tool adapted to be displaced by a second means as described under clause (2) of the definition of subclass 153 wherein the second member having a helically-ribbed surface is rotatable about the same axis as the first similar member.

183	..... Screws mounted on common shaft

	This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Device wherein the first member having a helically-ribbed surface and the second similar member are fixed together so that rotation of one directly results in rotation of the other.

184	.... Tool having pitch-stabilizing ridge

This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Device wherein the tool or tool-support includes a body portion having a crest formed in the peripheral surface thereof, said crest extending along a spiral path deflected along the tool-axis and serving to engage the work and to thereby guide the tool during cutting.

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215+,

for a tool or tool-support having spiral tool-guiding crests.

185	.... With tool-holding clamp and clamp actuator

This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Device including movable means to grip and thereby secure the tool to the tool-sustaining structure and including mechanical means adapted to move the gripping means to effect the gripping action.

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197,	for similar structure not including means to move the tool relative to the tool-support.

186	TOOL-SUPPORT WITH MEANS TO PERMIT POSITIONING OF THE TOOL RELATIVE TO SUPPORT

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including structure to sustain a tool against gravity during cutting operation and including manually-operated securing or holding means which allows the tool to assume various positions relative to its sustaining structure prior to cutting operation.

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146+,

for similar structure wherein the securing means may be used to move the tool relative to the tool-support; or for similar structure combined with means to move the tool relative to the tool-support.

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407,	Cutters, for Shaping, for an adjustable tool and support physically restricted to cut rotating work; and for an adjustable tool and support usable alternatively to cut while rotating and moving axially and moving laterally or radially of the tool-axis toward the work during operation.

187	. Pivotable tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Device wherein the sustaining structure includes a connection permitting movement of the tool about an axis allowing the tool to assume various preselected positions relative to the tool-sustaining structure prior to cutting operation.

(1) Note. Included among the patents of this subclass is a device having a cutting tool that is positionable in a retracted, inoperatable state and in an extended, operatable state.

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150+,	for an eccentrically-mounted tool with means to move the tool relative to the tool-support.
159,	for a pivotable tool with an axially- slidable tool moving means.
180,	for structure including a pivotally- mounted tool combined with means to move the tool relative to the tool-sustaining structure.

188	.. With multiple cutting positions

	This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Device wherein the tool is movable about the axis to expose different areas of the tool, which different areas are to be used in the cutting action.

189	. Tool having stepped cutting edges

This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Device including a plurality of cutting edges disposed about the tool-axis and positioned at different radial distances from the tool-axis.

(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to include a reamer having a section wherein the cutting edge(s) is in a cylinder parallel with the tool-axis and a tapered lead section wherein the cutting edge(s) lie in a cone concentric with the tool-axis because it cannot be said that the cutting edges are different radial distances from the tool-axis.

(2) Note. Included herein is a tool having a cutting edge(s) in a first cone concentric with the tool-axis and a cutting edge(s) in a second cone also concentric with the tool-axis, even if the cutting edges meet.

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206,	for a tool having stepped cutting edges and a core receiving central portion.
223+,	for a tool, per se, having stepped cutting edges.

190	.. Including means to permit both radial and axial positioning of edge

	This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Device including a first means to permit one of the cutting edges to be displaced radially toward or away from the tool-axis to modify the diameter of the circle described by that cutting edge and including a second means to permit the same cutting edge to be displaced longitudinally along the tool-axis.

191	.. Including means to permit relative axial positioning of edges

	This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Device in which said cutting edges can be displaced toward and from each other along the tool-axis without changing the radial sweep of the edge.

192	... With work-engaging structure other than cutting edge

This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Device including means detachably positioned on the tool-support adapted to abut the surface of a workpiece after a predetermined amount of travel of the tool into the workpiece.

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200,	for similar devices wherein there is no means to permit positioning of the tool relative to the tool-support.

193	... Including central tool axially movable relative to support

	This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Device wherein one of the cutting-edges is at the tool-axis and wherein manually-operated securing means allows the tool-element that supports that cutting edge to assume various positions along the tool-axis.

194	.. Including inverse cutting edge

This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Device wherein one of the cutting edges of the tool diverges from the tool-axis radially outwardly in the direction in which the tool is advanced toward the work.

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211+,

for a tool or tool with support including an inversely angled cutting edge.

195	. Including means to "form" depression in work

This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Device including a work-contacting structure adapted to penetrate the work-surface at a point which has not been previously modified.

(1) Note. The device of this subclass is not to be confused with the device of Class 83, Cutting, or the device of Class 72, Metal Deforming. To be placed herein, the penetrating means must be disclosed solely as means facilitating the securing or aligning of a cutting instrumentality relative to the work and the depression formed must be unused at any other time for any other purpose.

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85,	for the combination of a tool of this class type with a work-penetrating means that is movable relative to the tool during the cutting operation.
208,	for a tool of this class including a lead screw adapted to "form" a recession in the work, a product-receiving chamber, and a cutting edge.
214,	for a tool of this class including a material-penetrating lead screw and a cutting edge.

196	. Including central-lead

This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Device including a work-engaging protuberance, concentric with the tool-axis, axially advanced of all cutting edges of the tool and specifically adapted to fit into an existing surface configuration of the work and thereby restrict the tool while in operation to move in a path according to configuration.

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82,	for similar structure wherein the central-lead pin does not partake of all the motion of the tool during the cutting operation.
201,	for a non-adjustable tool including a removable central lead.
209,	for a tool having a product receiving chamber and a central lead.
225,	for a tool having axially spaced, stepped cutting edges and a central lead.

197	. Including tool-holding clamp and clamp actuator

This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Device including movable means to grip and thereby secure the tool to the tool-sustaining structure and including mechanical means adapted to move the gripping means to effect the gripping action.

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185,	for similar structure including a screw perpendicular to the tool-axis to move the tool radially relative to the tool-support.

198	.. Movable along tool-axis

	This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Device wherein the mechanical means serves to urge the tool-gripping means in a direction parallel with the tool-axis to effect the gripping action.

199	TOOL OR TOOL WITH SUPPORT

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising a tool* or a tool combined with a tool-support*.

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407,

Cutters, for Shaping, for a tool or tool with support physically restricted to cut rotating work; and for a tool or tool with support usable alternatively to cut while rotating and moving axially or to cut while rotating and approaching the work by moving radially or laterally of the tool-axis during operation.

200	. With work-engaging structure detachable from cutting edge

	This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device including a member mounted on the tool-support adapted to contact the work and including a margin adapted to perform a cutting operation of the class type wherein either the work-contacting member or the margin is adapted to be removed from the tool-support.

201	.. Removable central lead

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Device wherein said removable member is axially advanced of all cutting edges of the tool and is specifically adapted to fit into an existing surface configuration of the work and thereby restrict the path of the tool while in operation.

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196,	for an adjustable tool having a central lead.
200,	for a tool having a removable central lead-screw.
209,	for a tool having a nondetachable central lead and a product receiving chamber.
225,	for a tool having axially spaced, stepped, cutting edges and a nondetachable central lead.

202	.. Depth-limiting member

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Device wherein the work-contacting member is specifically adapted to abut the surface of the work after a predetermined amount of axial advance of the tool relative to the work to thereby limit the cutting action of the tool.

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192,	for similar structure wherein the tool is adjustable.

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433,	Dentistry, subclass 75 for dental drills or broaches having a depth-limiting member.

203	.. Adjustable

	This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Device wherein said work-contacting member can be repositioned relative to the cutting edge.

203.5

. Hollow milling tool:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device including an axially facing recession, and including a cutting edge adapted to rotate about that recession and machine away the entire radially outer surface of a rod-like workpiece passing, undisturbed on its axial extent, into the recession.

204	. Having axial, core-receiving central portion

This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device having a forwardly projecting cutting end portion which delimits a longitudinally extending opening or groove coaxial with the tool-axis and having a diameter smaller than that of the cylinder of revolution generated by the rotating cutting end portion of the tool whereby a center section of work is undisturbed during operation.

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703,	for a digest of structure peculiar to the operation of the tool of this subclass.

205	.. With lateral outlet

	This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Device wherein the longitudinally extending opening is connected to a radially extending passageway to the outside of the device, which passageway is adapted to permit passage or removal of the undisturbed center section from the opening.

206	.. And having stepped cutting edges

This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Device including a plurality of cutting edges disposed about the tool-axis and positioned at different radial distances from the tool-axis.

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189+,	for an adjustable tool having stepped cutting edges.
223+,	for a tool having stepped cutting edges, but no core-receiving portion.

207	. Having product-receiving chamber

This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device including a compartment completely enclosed, when viewed as a cross-section normal to the tool-axis, the function of said compartment being to store, temporarily, the product of the cutting operation.

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67,	for a device of this class type, combined with a product receiving chamber that does not move with the tool during operation.

208	.. And central lead-screw

This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Device including a work-engaging protuberance positioned on the tool axis, having a sharp helically disposed edge, which protuberance is axially advanced of the cutting edges of the tool and specifically adapted to penetrate the work-surface and both stabilize the tool against lateral displacement and pull the rotating tool through the work.

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85+,	for structure including means to "form" a depression in work, which means is movable relative to the tool during operation.
195,	for similar structure wherein there is provision to permit the tool to be positioned relative to the tool-support.
214,	for similar structure lacking a product-receiving chamber.

209	.. And central lead

This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Device including a work-engaging protuberance, concentric with the tool-axis, axially advanced of all cutting edges of the tool and specifically adapted to fit into an existing surface configuration of the work and thereby restrict the tool while in operation to move in a path according to the configuration.

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196,	for an adjustable tool having a central lead.
201,	for a tool having a central lead that is detachable from the tool-support.
225,	for a tool having a central lead, but lacking a product receiving chamber.

210	. Helical ribbon tool

	This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device consisting of a helical-coil element, the axis of which is co-extensive with the tool-axis, terminating at the axial extremity thereof in a cutting edge, so that the tool is constructed of a single, helically-wound element.

211	. Having inversely angled cutting edge

This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device wherein a cutting edge* of the tool diverges from the tool-axis radially outward and in the direction in which the tool is advanced toward the work.

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194,	for similar structure including a tool having stepped cutting edges and means to permit positioning of one of the edges.

212	.. And axially extending peripheral cutting spur

This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Device having an additional cutting edge extending axially at the radially outermost extremity of the leading portion of the tool, which cutting edge projects axially beyond the other cutting edges of the tool.

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213,	for similar structure lacking an inversely angled cutting edge.

213	. Having axially extending peripheral cutting spur

This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device having a first and a second cutting edge, wherein the first cutting edge extends at least somewhat radially of the tool-axis and wherein the second cutting edge extends axially at the radially outermost extent of the leading portion of the tool, which second cutting edge projects axially beyond the other cutting edge of the tool.

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212,	for similar structure including an inversely angled cutting edge.

214	. Having central lead-screw

This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device including a work-engaging protuberance positioned on the tool-axis, having a sharp helically-disposed edge, which protuberance is axially advanced of the cutting edge of the tool and is specifically adapted to penetrate the work-surface and both stabilize the tool against lateral displacement and pull the rotating tool through the work.

(1) Note. The device of this subclass is not to be confused with the device of Class 83, Cutting or the device of Class 72, Metal Deforming. To be placed herein, the penetrating means must be disclosed solely as means facilitating the securing or aligning of a cutting instrumentality relative to the work and the depression formed must be unused at any other time for any other purpose.

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85+,	for similar structure including means to "form" a depression in work, which means is movable relative to the tool during operation.
195,	for similar structure wherein there is provision to permit the tool to be positioned relative to the tool-support.
208,	for similar structure having a product receiving chamber.

215	. With pitch-stabilizing ridge

This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device wherein the tool or tool-support includes a body portion having a crest formed in the peripheral surface thereof, said crest extending along a spiral path deflected along the tool-axis, and serving to engage the work and thereby guide the tool during cutting.

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184,	for similar structure combined with a tool-adjusting screw that is perpendicular to the tool-axis.

216	.. And radially spaced cutting edge

	This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Device including a surface for performing a class-type operation that is at a distance from the tool-axis different from the distance that the crest is from the tool-axis and is spaced from the crest so that there is a void in the cutting action between the crest and the operating surface.

217	.. Including cutting teeth of different width

	This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Device having a plurality of cutting extremities adapted to follow one another in a common kerf wherein a subsequently acting extremity serves to make the kerf broader at a given level in the work than a previously acting extremity.

218	... And different root circles

	This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Device wherein the cutting extremities are formed at the surface of the tool and are disposed along the tool-axis so that the base of one extremity is at a distance from the tool axis different from that of another extremity.

219	.. Including tapered section

This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Device including a plurality of crests, each of which is part of a cutting extremity or tooth wherein the teeth are positioned along the tool-axis and wherein the crest of the teeth nearest to the leading end of the tool are disposed to lie in a cone.

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217+,

for a tool having pitch stabilizing ridges on teeth of differing width, which teeth are disposed to lie in a cone.

220	... And relieved cutting edge

This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Device wherein at least one of said crests is formed specifically so that the trailing portion thereof will either not touch the kerf of the cutting edge or will touch it only in a specified manner.

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72,	Metal Deforming, subclass 71 , for a cutting device similar to that found in this subclass wherein the trailing portion of the crest serves to stress the work beyond its elastic limit.

221	... Including work-embracing cutting edges

This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Device wherein said tool body portion comprises cutting crests which are formed in the surface of said tool body portions and are inwardly directed toward the tool-axis.

(1) Note. The device of this subclass is commonly called threading die.

222	.. Extending outwardly from tool-axis

This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Device wherein the crests are formed in the radially outer surface of the tool body portions and are outwardly directed, extending along a spiral deflected along the tool-axis.

(1) Note. The device of this subclass is commonly called a threading tap.

223	. Having stepped cutting edges

This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device including a plurality of cutting edges disposed about the tool-axis and positioned at different radial distances from the tool-axis.

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189+,	for similar structure having means to permit positioning of the tool relative to the tool-support.
206,	for a tool having stepped cutting edges and a core receiving central portion.

224	.. Axially spaced

	This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Device wherein said cutting edges are separated one from the other, when viewed as an elevation normal to the tool-axis.

225	... With central lead

This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Device including a bearing member axially advanced of said cutting edges and specifically adapted to fit into an existing surface configuration of the work and thereby restrict the path of the tool while in operation.

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196,	for an adjustable tool having a central lead.
201,	for a tool having a removable central lead.
209,	for a tool having a central lead and a product receiving chamber.

226	. Including detailed shank

This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device including detailed characteristics of a portion of the tool or tool-support generally concentric with the tool-axis and adapted to be readily attached to or detached from a torque transmitting tool-supporting member.

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238,	for a tool-support having portions of configuration to supportingly engage a particular tool.
713,	for an art grouping of patents reciting a separable tool and tool-support wherein the details do not include details of an element that is generally concentric with the tool-axis.

227	. Having peripherally spaced cutting edges

	This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device including a plurality of cutting-edges* disposed about the tool-axis and separated, one from the other, when viewed in a direction parallel to the tool-axis.

228	.. Each formed by a pair of axially facing facets

	This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Device including a plurality of cutting edges each of which is formed by a pair of radially extending, planar faces, each of which planar faces is disposed on an angular attitude such that, when the tool is viewed along the tool-axis, both of the faces can be seen.

229	.. With axially extending relief channel

This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Device wherein the tool is provided with a void area of axial dimension to permit passage of product of the cutting operation therealong.

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56+,	for a tool having a void for conveying fluid material to the work.
204+,	for a tool having a void for permitting a portion of undisturbed work to inter into the tool.
207+,	for a tool having a chamber for storage of chips.

230	... Spiral channel

	This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Device wherein the void area is of axial dimension and of circumferential dimension so that it extends helically along the tool-axis.

231	.. With means to retain tool to support

This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Device including the combination of a tool-support*, a tool carried by said support and means for securing said support and said tool together.

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238+,

for a tool-support, per se, of particular utility of this class.

232	... Wedge means

This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Device wherein the securing means comprises a member having a first and a second planar surface intersecting at an acute angle, which member serves to secure the tool to the tool-support by the first surface being slid along a cooperating surface on the tool-support so that the other surface of the member, by a camming action serves to bind the tool against movement relative to the tool-support.

233	... Screw driven means

	This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Device wherein said securing means is separate from the tool and is a helically-ribbed member rotated about the axis of the helix to hold the tool in position by interengagement between the tool and the tool support.

234	MACHINE FRAME

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising machine-frame* structure.

(1) Note. Included in this subclass is the combination of machine-frame structure with means for moving or securing one element of the machine frame relative to another if this action does not cause a tool* to function.

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124+,	for similar structure in combination with means to move one machine element relative to another to cause a tool to function.
199+,	for similar structure combined with a tool of this class type.

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248,	Supports, appropriate subclasses, for frame structure of general utility.

235	. With counterweight mechanism

	This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Device including weights and suspension apparatus for counter-balancing the weight of the tool and vertically-moving tool-sustaining structure.

236	. Including pivotally mounted tool-carrier

	This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Device including a member adapted to support the tool-carrying or tool-thrust counteracting structure and allow that structure to assume various angular positions relative to said member.

237	.. Including laterally movable tool-carrier

	This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Device wherein the tool-carrying or tool-thrust receiving structure includes a radially extending arm adapted to support said tool and permit radial positioning of said tool therealong.

238	TOOL-SUPPORT

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising structure to be connected to a tool for sustaining the tool against gravity; which sustaining structure is to partake of all movements of the tool and have no movement relative to the tool during the operation of the tool.

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199+,

especially subclasses 226 and 231+, for similar structure in combination with a tool.

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279,

Chucks or Sockets, appropriate subclasses, for a tool-holding chuck or socket of general utility. Examples of holding means of "general utility" are as follows; (a) a holding means having two or more separately classified, disclosed but unclaimed utilities, (b) a holding means having two or more separately classified utilities recited in the same claim, and (c) a holding means of no particular utility at all. A claim to a holding means of the specific utility of this class (408) will be found in this subclass even if the total disclosure is to a holding means of general utility. (Usually a patent reciting a chuck having a plurality of jaws that converge on a common axis are deemed to be of general utility and therefore will be found in Class 279 while other type tool-holders are deemed to be specific to use with a tool of this class and are therefore to be found herein.)

239R	. With tool-retaining means

	This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Device having means mounted thereon to secure a tool to the sustaining structure.

240	.. Clamping jaws

This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Device including mechanical structure to move the securing means into engagement with the tool and to cause the securing means to grippingly engage the tool.

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197,	for similar structure combined with a tool that is adjustable relative to the tool-support.

239A	.. Tool adapter

	This subclass has no definition.

241R	MISCELLANEOUS

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which is not in conformance with the definition of any prior subclass in this schedule.

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1,	for a miscellaneous process step for performing an operation of this class.
72+,	especially the outdent subclass and subclass 115, for a tool-guiding jig similar to the tool-guiding jig in this subclass but adapted to contact a workpiece and establish a relationship between the tool and the workpiece.

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73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 104+ , for apparatus for process for testing a cutting edge.
384,	Bearings, subclasses 7+ for linear bearing which can guide a rotating shaft during linear movement.

241B	. Drill bushings

	This subclass has no definition.

	This subclass has no definition.

241S	. Adjustable stop

	This subclass has no definition.

700	CUTTING BY USE OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY

A step of or apparatus for performing an operation of the class type by the application of vibrational energy at frequencies above the range of human hearing (i.e., over, 20,000 hz.).

(1) Note. This digest subclass is intended as an aid to the searcher for locating structure for performing cutting operations by a tool of the class type, or for other operations similar in result, (e.g., drilling holes in a workpiece by application of ultrasonic energy without the use of a rotating, axially moving tool.)

701	CUTTING BY USE OF RADIANT ENERGY (E.G., LASER, MASER)

A step or apparatus for performing an operation similar to the class type by the application of energy emitted by molecules and atoms because of internal changes, which energy travels in straight lines with the speed of light.

(1) Note. This digest subclass is intended to aid the searcher to locate structure for cutting operations similar in result to cutting of the class type such as cutting by the application of laser or maser rays.

702	CUTTING BY USE OF PENUMATIC DRIVE MEANS

A step of or apparatus for performing an operation of the class type by use of a tool driven to operate by a motor powered by compressed air.

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63,	for a fluid motor adapted to drive a work-infeed means.
130,	for a fluid motor combined with a tool of the class type or with a machine frame structure of the class type wherein the motor is adapted to move the tool along the tool-axis.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step or apparatus particularly for removing material from the work by forming an annular trench therein, which trench is made progressively deeper as the tool proceeds.

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204+,

for a tool, per se, for performing an operation of the type of this subclass.

704	DRILLING SMALL HOLES

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step or apparatus particularly adapted to cut openings into work, which openings are of unusually narrow cross-section.

705	DRILLING DEEP HOLES

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step or apparatus particularly adapted to cut openings into work, which openings have an exceptionally high ratio of depth to diameter.

706	DRILLING BRAKE LINING

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step or apparatus particularly adapted to cut openings in an article composed of friction material to be utilized to secure that article to a brake shoe.

707	DRILLING OPENING FOR BEARING IN CONNECTING ROD OR PISTON

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step or apparatus particularly adapted to machine the wrist pin opening in the piston of a conventional reciprocating piston engine or particularly adapted to machine either the wrist pin opening or the crankshaft opening in the connecting rod of such an engine.

708	DRILLING OPENING FOR BEARING IN ENGINE BLOCK

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step or apparatus particularly adapted to machine the bearings or the bearing supporting openings of a power plant, which bearings or openings are for supporting the primary power output shaft of such a power plant.

709	REBORING PISTON RECEIVING CYLINDER

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step or apparatus particularly adapted to machine the portion of a conventional reciprocating piston engine through which the piston, during operation of the engine reciprocates.

710	SAFETY DEVICE

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step or apparatus including structure or provision to make the operation less dangerous to the welfare of a man in the vicinity of the apparatus or for protecting a part of the machine against breakage or other damage.

711	ADAPTER FOR BROKEN TOOL

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. An accessory for use with a device of the ... of particular utility to make a broken tool* serviceable by the addition of such accessory to the device.

712	DRILL PRESS ADAPTED TO USE PORTABLE HAND DRILL

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including a work-support and including provision to support an integral unit consisting of a handle, a motor, output shaft and a tool-holding chuck as the tool support and power supply thereof, which integral unit is a conventional motorized hand-drill capable of operation independent of the remainder of the structure.

713	TOOL HAVING DETACHABLE CUTTING EDGE

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including an assemblage having the general configuration of a tool, per se, wherein the cutting edge thereof is adapted to be removed from the remainder of the assemblage.

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144,	for similar structure wherein the portion of the assemblage including the cutting edge and the remainder of the assemblage are of different, claimed materials.

714	RESILIENT TOOL OR TOOL-SUPPORT

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including a tool and tool-support assemblage which includes an element adapted to give sustaining effort to the tool and further adapted to yield without exceeding the elastic limit thereof and thereby allow the cutting edge of the tool to move relative to other portions of the assemblage; or including a tool, a portion of which is adapted to yield without exceeding the elastic limit thereof and thereby to allow the cutting edge of the tool to move relative to another portion of the tool.

(1) Note. By the definition of a tool-support*, any motion of the cutting edge relative thereto must be at a time when the tool is not in operation.

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124+,	for a resilient means connected at one end thereof to a tool or a tool-support, which resilient means is adapted to store energy therein and to release that energy to drive the tool.
143,	for yieldable means which may be resilient and is particularly adapted to absorb vibration transmitted from the tool.
154+,	for a tool, including means to move that tool radially and including resilient means adapted to act in opposition to the moving means.