CLASS 327, MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVE ELECTRICAL NONLINEAR DEVICES, CIRCUITS, AND SYSTEMS |
1 | SPECIFIC SIGNAL DISCRIMINATING (E.G., COMPARING, SELECTING, ETC.) WITHOUT SUBSEQUENT CONTROL: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an output signal is derived from
one or more input signals by comparing, selecting, or distinguishing
a particular input signal parameter and which parameter is not continuously
thereafter regulated.
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2 | . By phase: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated input signal parameter
is that fractional part of a periodic waveform which has elapsed
relative to a fixed origin.
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3 | .. Comparison between plural inputs (e.g., phase angle indication, lead-lag discriminator, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein the output signal is indicative of
the phase positioning or phase differences among two or more input
signals.
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4 | ... With transducer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein a device is included that converts
energy forms other than electrical into electrical energy.
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5 | ... With input derived from feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is returned to one of the plural inputs. | |
6 | ... With electron space discharge: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter including a vacuum tube device or a gaseous medium within a gas tight envelope in which electron conduction takes place through the vacuum or gas. | |
7 | ... With reference signal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein a signal of fixed phase acts as a
constant for comparison to a variable input.
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8 | .... With varying frequency: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein the reference signal varies over a range of different frequencies or the reference signal is compared to different frequency signals. | |
9 | .... With sampling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein a reference signal is derived by
representation of an input signal at intermittently timed intervals.
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10 | .... Uniform pulse waveform: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein the reference signal is a series
of pulses evenly spaced.
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11 | .... With transformer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein an electromagnetic induction device
transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another adjacent
circuit at a constant frequency.
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12 | ... With logic or bistable circuit: |
Subject matter under 3 wherein the phase comparison (a)
includes a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR,
or exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
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13 | . By shape: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein input signal discriminating is based
upon a predetermined geometric configuration.
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14 | .. Slope: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter wherein the predetermined geometric configuration
is signal rate of change.
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15 | ... With direction (i.e., positive or negative): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein the output signal indicates an upward or downward inclination of the input. | |
16 | .. Having feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is returned to an input. | |
17 | .. With reference signal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter wherein a signal of predetermined shape acts as a constant for comparison to a variable input. | |
18 | . By presence or absence pulse detection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is indicative of an unexpected occurrence or lack of occurrence of a pulse in either a clocking signal or a predetermined sequence of pulses. | |
19 | .. Arbitration: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein a particular pulse among plural pulses
input during a particular time interval is selected based upon a
predetermined priority arrangement.
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20 | .. Monitoring (e.g., failure detection, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the detection of an undesired absent
or present pulse produces an output signal which indicates a failure.
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21 | .. With variable frequency source: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the absent or present pulse is detected from a varying frequency input signal. | |
22 | . By pulse noncoincidence: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when two or more input pulses are not received simultaneously. | |
23 | . By pulse coincidence: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulse signals occur simultaneously.
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24 | .. Edge sensing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein a beginning or trailing end of a pulse is determined to occur simultaneously with a corresponding beginning or trailing end of another pulse. | |
25 | .. With uniform spacing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulse signals having the same time interval between
consecutive pulses occur simultaneously.
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26 | .. With pulse width detecting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein pulse width discriminating is achieved
via a pulse coincidence operation.
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27 | .. With reference: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein an input pulse signal is compared with a predetermined standard signal. | |
28 | . By polarity: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the input signal parameter is its positive or negative orientation with respect to a fixed origin. | |
29 | .. Selection of a particular polarity: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter wherein only a predetermined polarity of an input signal is chosen. | |
30 | .. Opposite polarity: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter wherein an output signal results from comparing pulses which have or are expected to have differing polarities. | |
31 | . By pulse width or spacing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the input signal parameter is (a) a
time interval between a leading edge and a trailing edge of a single
pulse or (b) a time interval between a trailing
edge and a leading edge of two consecutive pulses.
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32 | .. With shock-excited circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter including a resonant circuit which oscillates
at its natural frequency upon application of an electrical impulse.
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33 | .. With sampling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter including a circuit providing periodic representations
of an input signal.
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34 | .. Narrow pulse elimination or suppression: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein the output signal does not include
portions of the input signal having a pulse width shorter than a
predetermined time interval.
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35 | .. Separating by duration or gap (e.g., duty cycle, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein (a) an input pulse
signal is divided between long and short pulses contained therein
or (b) a space is inserted between the trailing
edge of a pulse and the leading edge of the next pulse or (c) a
spacing between pulses is detected.
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36 | .. Selection of a particular pulse width: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein a predetermined pulse width is chosen
from a series of input pulse signals.
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37 | .. Comparison by threshold or reference: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein the output signal is indicative of the pulse width difference between an input pulse signal and a set value or predetermined standard. | |
38 | .. With plural paths: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein an input signal passes through more than one route or channel between an input terminal and an output terminal. | |
39 | . By frequency: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated signal parameter
relates to the number of times a signal repeats its basic waveform
within a unit of time.
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40 | .. Comparison between plural inputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein the output signal is a function of
the differences among two or more input signal frequencies.
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41 | ... With synchronous detection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the output signal provides an indication
of the maintenance of precise matching between two or more input signal
frequencies.
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42 | ... Fixed frequency reference signal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein a signal of constant frequency acts
as a standard for comparison to a variable input signal.
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43 | ... With logic or bistable circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the frequency comparison of plural
signals (a) includes a device performing Boolean
functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR
or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
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44 | .. With predetermined frequency selection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein the output signal consists of a chosen
input signal having a specific frequency characteristic.
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45 | ... Including sampling or reference frequency: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein (a) the predetermined signal
frequency selected is derived by representation of another known
signal frequency at intermittent time intervals or (b) wherein
a signal of fixed frequency is utilized in the frequency selection.
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46 | ... Including plural frequency detection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein more than one signal frequency is detected by a single circuit or system. | |
47 | .. Frequency detection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein an output signal is present or changes
only at a predetermined input frequency.
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48 | ... With counting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the output signal is incremented
or decremented at a predetermined interval thereby forming a variable
duty cycle according to the changes in the input frequency signal.
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49 | ... With logic or bistable circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the frequency detection (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or
exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device
having two stable states.
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50 | . By amplitude: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated input signal parameter
is the magnitude of an electrical energy waveform measured with
respect to a fixed origin.
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51 | .. With sensing amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein low-level voltages (e.g., CCD
charges, capacitive stored signal levels, etc.) are
detected and increased in magnitude from one level to another.
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52 | ... Differential amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages or currents which are identical in the two inputs. | |
53 | .... Current mirror: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein the sensing amplifier circuit utilizes collector current matching of two transistors when connected base to base and emitter to emitter. | |
54 | .... Having feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is
returned to an input.
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55 | ..... Cross-coupled: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein there are two elements or stages which are mutually interconnected (i.e., the output of one is connected to the input of the other and vice versa). | |
56 | .... With reference signal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein a signal of fixed voltage potential
acts as a constant for comparison to a variable input.
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57 | ... With latching type element (e.g., flip-flop, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter wherein the sense amplifier includes a device
providing signal retention.
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58 | .. Maximum or minimum amplitude: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein an output signal is caused by either
a greatest absolute magnitude or a least absolute magnitude of an
input signal during a time period of interest.
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59 | ... Employing input compared to output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein a portion of an output signal is evaluated relative to an input signal. | |
60 | ... Employing input compared to reference derived therefrom: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein a signal from an external source
is evaluated relative to a voltage or current obtained by processing
signals from the same source.
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61 | ... By diode-capacitor network: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein maximum or minimum amplitude discriminating is achieved by an electrical energy storage element combined with an element providing unidirectional current flow. | |
62 | ... Maximum and minimum amplitude: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein an output signal is caused by both the greatest absolute magnitude and least absolute magnitude of an input signal during a time period of interest. | |
63 | .. Comparison between plural varying inputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein fluctuating input signals from two
or more sources external to a system are evaluated relative to one
another.
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64 | ... With logic or bistable circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or
exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device
having two stable states.
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65 | ... Differential input: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein the differences between the plural varying input signals are initially amplified prior to further processing. | |
66 | .... Current mirror: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the comparison between plural varying inputs utilizes collector current matching of two transistors when connected base to base and emitter to emitter. | |
67 | .... Having feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is returned to an input. | |
68 | ... Input provides varying reference signal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein at least one of the fluctuating inputs
provides a changing signal to be used only as an evaluation standard.
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69 | ... With plural paths: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein an input signal passes through more than one route or channel between an input terminal and an output terminal. | |
70 | .... With single output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Subject matter wherein the plural paths have a common output.
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71 | ... Three or more inputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein the number of external signal sources is greater than two. | |
72 | .. Input signal compared to reference derived therefrom: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein a signal from an external source
is evaluated relative to a voltage or current obtained by processing
signals from the same source.
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73 | ... Reference derived by feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein the processing includes extracting a signal from an output terminal of the circuit and applying a portion of the extracted signal to an input terminal. | |
74 | .. Input signal compared to plural fixed references: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein input signal amplitude is evaluated
relative to two or more unvarying voltage or current levels.
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75 | ... Three or more: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter wherein there are more than two unvarying reference levels. | |
76 | ... With logic or bistable circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude between
the input signal and plural fixed references (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR
or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
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77 | .. Input signal compared to single fixed reference: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the input signal is evaluated relative
to a standard which is at a constant level of amplitude.
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78 | ... Reference level crossover detecting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
an input signal actually transits the reference amplitude of a comparison
standard.
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79 | .... Zero crossover: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the reference level which is transited
is zero volts.
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80 | ... Reference determined by threshold of single circuit element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of the comparison standard is established by one electrical component. | |
81 | .... With transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the single electrical component is
a three terminal semiconductor device composed of n or p type material.
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82 | ... Plural sources of input signal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein multiple input signals are to be
evaluated relative to a standard.
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83 | ... Temperature compensation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an increase or decrease in thermal
sensitivity of a system is cancelled or reduced by the effects of
a counterbalancing element in the system.
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84 | ... With bridge circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter including four or more devices with their
input and output terminals connected in a closed loop to form a
four arm network.
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85 | ... Inverting input or output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an input signal or an output signal is reversed in sign. | |
86 | ... With transformer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an electromagnetic induction device
transfers electrical energy between adjacent circuit portions at
a constant frequency.
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87 | ... Having feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is returned to an input. | |
88 | ... With source as reference: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein a device which supplies signal power
at a constant voltage or current level is used as a standard for
comparison.
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89 | ... With differential amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages or currents which are identical in the two inputs. | |
90 | .. Comparison between two characteristics of an input signal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the output signal is representative
of the amplitude difference between two consecutive or selected
points of the input signal.
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91 | .. Including details of sampling or holding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein a representation of an input signal
magnitude at a particular point in time is produced or an established
input signal magnitude value is maintained.
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92 | ... With bridge circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including four or more devices with their
input and output terminals connected in a closed loop to form a
four arm network.
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93 | ... With reference source: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including a device which supplies signal
power to a sample or hold circuit at a constant voltage or current
level.
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94 | ... Sample and hold: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein a representation of an input signal
magnitude at a particular point in time is produced and subsequently
maintained for a time in a storage element.
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95 | .... Having feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is returned to an input. | |
96 | .... With differential amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages or currents which are identical in the two inputs. | |
97 | .. With logic or bistable circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or
exclusive-OR, or (b) utilizes
a device having two stable states.
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98 | . By separating composite signal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the output signal is a selected component
of a multicomponent input signal.
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99 | . Having selection between plural continuous waveforms: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Systems wherein the output signal is one of a plurality
of simultaneously applied input signal waveforms selected in accordance
with a predetermined characteristic, the nonselected waveforms
being attenuated or otherwise suppressed in such a manner that only
the desired signal waveform appears at the output.
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100 | SIGNAL CONVERTING, SHAPING, OR GENERATING: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein (a) an inherent input
signal parameter such as phase, frequency, amplitude, or
current is modified, maintained at some value, or
changed to an entirely different parameter, (b) an
input signal having a particular waveform is modified into an output
signal having a partially or completely different waveform, or (c) an
output signal of specified waveform is produced.
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101 | . Converting input current or voltage to output frequency: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a repetition rate of an output signal
is directly related to the magnitude of an input signal current
or voltage.
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102 | . Converting input frequency to output current or voltage: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the magnitude of output signal current
or voltage is directly related to the repetition rate of the input
signal.
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103 | . Converting input voltage to output current or vice versa: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein electrical potential is changed to
an equivalent electrical charge flow or vice versa.
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104 | . Converting, per se, of an AC input to corresponding DC at an unloaded output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an alternating current input signal
wave is converted to an unloaded output wave consisting of a unidirectional
representation of the half cycles of an input wave.
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105 | . Synthesizer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an output waveform is derived which
at any instant is proportional to the combined values of the corresponding instantaneous
values of a plurality of input signal waveforms.
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106 | .. Having stored waveform data (e.g., in ROM, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter wherein information about a desired output
waveform is placed into a memory device.
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107 | .. Having digital device (e.g., logic gate, flip-flop, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter wherein a device which operates on binary
signals is included.
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108 | . Current driver: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal is modified into
a similar output signal having an enhanced current supplying ability.
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109 | .. Having semiconductive load: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the output drive current is provided
to a broadly recited semiconductive device.
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110 | .. Having inductive load (e.g., coil, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the output drive current is provided
to a broadly recited element which has the property of opposing
current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic field.
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111 | .. Having capacitive load: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the output drive current is provided
to a broadly recited element which has the property of opposing
voltage change due to stored charge.
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112 | ... Push-pull: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein an output circuit comprises two parallel
identical portions each receiving signals which are the same except
for a relative 180 degree phase offset.
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113 | . Frequency or repetition rate conversion or control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a frequency characteristic of an
input signal is modified to produce an output wave of different
frequency characteristic which has a definite relationship to that of
the input wave or where a frequency characteristic is held essentially
constant.
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114 | .. Of output rectangular waveform: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter including maintaining constant or varying
the repetition rate of a continuous series of pulses having negligible
transition times and available at a specific circuit location for
subsequent utilization.
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115 | ... Frequency division: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter wherein the repetition rate of the output
pulses is less than the frequency of the input signal.
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116 | ... Frequency multiplication: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. wherein the repetition rate of the output pulses is greater
than the frequency of the input signal.
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117 | .. Frequency division: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein an input signal having a first frequency
is transformed into an output signal having a second lower frequency
where the output frequency is a submultiple of the input frequency.
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118 | ... Having discrete active device (e.g., transistor, triode, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter including an individual semiconductive or electron space discharge device. | |
119 | .. Frequency multiplication (e.g., harmonic generation, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein an input signal having a first frequency
is transformed into an output signal having a second higher frequency, where the
output frequency is a multiple of the input frequency.
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120 | ... With plural outputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein multiple harmonic output waves are
simultaneously derived from a single input wave.
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121 | .... Selective: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter wherein one or more of the multiple output
harmonic waves may be chosen for utilization.
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122 | ... Doubling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein the frequency of the output wave
is exactly twice the frequency of the input wave independent of
the input frequency.
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123 | ... With particular tube or distributed parameter element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein a harmonic producing device comprises
a particular electron space discharge device or an element whose
respective impedance cannot be considered to be concentrated at
a point.
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124 | . By periodic switching (e.g., chopper, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal (typically
low magnitude DC) is regularly interrupted to form a pulsating
output waveform.
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125 | . Generating parabolic or hyperbolic output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a waveform is generated having the
shape produced by (a) a locus of points each of
which has an equal distance to a fixed line and a fixed point or (b) a
locus of points wherein the difference in distances from each point
to two fixed points is a constant.
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126 | . Generating staircase output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including the generation of a signal whose
amplitude increases or decreases between three or more discrete
steps at regular intervals.
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127 | .. With differential amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter including a gain producing device responsive
to the offset between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive
to voltages or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
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128 | .. With rectifying element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter including an element converting an alternating
current wave into a corresponding direct current wave.
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129 | . Generating sinusoidal output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal wave is modified
to or triggers an alternating current sinusoidal wave at the output.
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130 | . Generating trapezoidal output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. wherein the output waveform comprises an initial sloped
rise from a normal voltage level followed by a steady level which
is followed by a sloped return to the normal voltage level and where
the sloped portions are mirror images.
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131 | . Generating sawtooth or triangular output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a waveform is generated having a
positive slope followed immediately by a negative slope.
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132 | .. With current source or current mirror: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including a circuit portion which supplies
a particular level of electrical current therethrough or a circuit
portion having collector current matching in a pair of transistors
having their bases and emitters tied together.
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133 | .. With distortion control (e.g., linearization, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter which compensates for or introduces output
waveform irregularities.
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134 | .. With slope or duration control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein the inclination or the period of
the generated output is regulated.
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135 | .. Having digital element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including a device performing a logical function.
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136 | .. Having particular delay or sync: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including the control of a desired time relationship
relative to the output signal.
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137 | .. Having feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is returned to the input. | |
138 | .. Having temperature compensation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein undesired circuit variations due
to a thermal condition are minimized.
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139 | .. Having inductive load: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein the output is supplied to a device
producing a magnetic field which tends to inhibit any change in
current passing therethrough.
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140 | .. With amplitude control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including the maintenance or modification
of output signal magnitude.
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141 | . Synchronizing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a signal is produced which will (a) maintain
a predetermined phase or frequency relationship between two sources of
waves, one source being an excitation or standard source (sync
source) and the other source being changed to achieve the
predetermined relationship; (b) provide
an initiate or stop operation to a device at a predetermined time; or (c) time (i.e., synchronize) the
operation of some electrical circuit or system.
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142 | .. Reset (e.g., initializing, starting, stopping, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a device provides either an initiate
or stop operation at a predetermined interval from a predetermined
starting time.
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143 | ... Responsive to power supply: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein a circuit reacts to the supply of
power thereto or the removal of power therefrom.
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144 | .. Using multiple clocks: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein plural square wave signals having precisely regulated amplitude and frequency are utilized to achieve synchronization. | |
145 | ... Having different frequencies: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein the plural clocks have diverse repetition rates. | |
146 | ... With feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein a portion of the circuit output is
returned to an input.
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147 | .... Phase lock loop: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter wherein a circuit compares the phase of
the output signal with a reference signal and converts any difference
into a correction voltage that changes the phase of the output so
it matches that of the reference or input signal.
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148 | ..... With charge pump: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter wherein a device which pumps elemental positive or negative electrical energy is included. | |
149 | ..... With variable delay means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter wherein means providing a changeable offset
in time is included.
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150 | ..... With digital element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter including a device performing Boolean algebra
operations.
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151 | ... With counter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter which includes a device which can total the
number of pulses applied thereto.
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152 | ... With choice between multiple delayed clocks: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein a single delayed clock is obtained from plural candidates. | |
153 | ... With delay means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter including means providing a distinct signal
time offset.
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154 | .. With feedforward: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a portion of an input signal is advanced
essentially unchanged to an output stage of the synchronizing circuit.
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155 | .. With feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a portion of the circuit output is
returned to an input.
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156 | ... Phase lock loop: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein a circuit compares the phase of
the output signal with a reference signal and converts any difference
into a correction voltage that changes the phase of the output so
it matches that of the reference or input signal.
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157 | .... With charge pump: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter wherein a device which pumps elemental positive or negative electrical energy is included. | |
158 | .... With variable delay means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter wherein means providing a changeable offset
in time is included.
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159 | .... With digital element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter including a device performing Boolean algebra
operations.
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160 | .. With counter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter which includes a device which can total the
number of pulses applied thereto.
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161 | .. With delay means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter including means providing a distinct signal
time offset.
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162 | .. Having reference source: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a clock is used as a standard. | |
163 | ... By phase: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein the reference source controls the
clock output of the synchronizing circuit by a fractional part of
the period of an input signal periodic function or wave.
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164 | . Generating rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform having random characteristic (e.g., random width, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including a probabilistic factor in the generation
of a pulsating waveform which is repetitive or intermittent and
where an individual pulse has negligible transition times.
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165 | . Regenerating or restoring rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a pulse waveform which has undergone
attenuation or deformation is modified into an output pulse wave
form whose characteristics correspond to an original pulse waveform
prior to such attenuation or deformation.
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166 | .. Having digital device (e.g., logic gate, flip-flop, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter wherein a device which operates on binary
signals is included.
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167 | .. Having network providing particular mathematical function (e.g., integrator, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter including circuitry which in response to
a particular input value produces a corresponding output value per
a standard mathematical relationship.
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168 | .. Having inductive device (e.g., transformer, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter including an element which has the property
of opposing current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic
field.
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169 | .. Having negative resistance device (e.g., tunnel diode, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter which includes a device having the property
that, over a portion of its characteristic I-V
plot, increasing applied device voltage results in a decrease
in device current.
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170 | . Slope control of leading or trailing edge of rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the rise time or fall time of a pulse
is maintained constant or regulated in some manner.
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171 | . Output pulses having opposite polarities: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input pulse wave form consisting
of a series of pulses of a single polarity is converted to an output
wave form consisting of a plurality of pulses of alternate polarities.
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172 | . Rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform width control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including maintaining constant or varying
the length of individual pulses in a pulsating waveform which is
repetitive or intermittent and wherein an individual pulse has negligible
transition times.
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173 | .. Pulse narrowing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Subject matter wherein the output pulse width or duration
is decreased relative to that at the input.
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174 | .. Pulse broadening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Subject matter wherein the output pulse width or duration
is increased relative to that of the input.
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175 | .. Duty cycle control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Subject matter wherein the ratio of pulse width to pulse
separation in a periodic wave is regulated.
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176 | .. Having digital device (e.g., logic gate, flip-flop, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Subject matter wherein a device which operates on binary
signals is included.
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177 | .. Having inductive device (e.g., transformer, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Subject matter including an element which has the property
of opposing current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic
field.
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178 | . Rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform amplitude control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the magnitude of an output pulse
wave is regulated.
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179 | .. Gain: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter wherein the ratio of output to input amplitude
levels is regulated.
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180 | .. Limiting, clipping, or clamping: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter wherein the pulse has particular amplitude
level constraints.
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181 | . Electromagnetic pulse forming: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a pulse of energy is produced which
has simultaneously varying electric and magnetic fields which are
at right angles to each other.
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182 | . Delay line or capacitor storage element charged or discharged through or by a relaxation oscillator type circuit to form pulse: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including a distributed parameter wave conveying
network or analogous structure or capacitive retention device with
a respective charge or discharge path through an oscillator which
slowly charges and rapidly discharges an inductor or capacitor through
a resistor to form a pulse.
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183 | . Delay line or capacitor storage element charges or discharges through a tube to form pulse: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including a distributed parameter wave conveying
network or analogous structure or capacitive retention device adapted to
be charged or discharged through the electron path of an electron
space discharge device to form a pulse.
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184 | . Rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform generating by conversion from input AC (e.g., sine, etc.) wave: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal from which the rectangular
or pulse output is derived comprises a signal having both positive
and negative portions.
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185 | . Particular stable state circuit (e.g., tristable, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter comprising a circuit which will remain in
a distinct current conductive steady-state condition unless
toggled therefrom by a trigger input.
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186 | .. Superconductive (e.g., cryogenic, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein the circuit incorporates elements
which exhibit a marked decrease in electrical resistance (to
essentially zero ohms) at a temperature less than or equal
to 30 K.
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187 | .. External effect device (e.g., light, heat, magnetic, or mechanical force sensitive devices, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein an ambient force or field provides
a toggling stimulus to the stable state circuit.
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188 | .. Minority carrier storage effect: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter which utilizes or varies the concentration
of electrons in p-type material or holes in n-type
material which accumulate at a pn semiconductor junction.
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189 | ... Storage diode (e.g., step recovery, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter including a two-terminal unidirectionally
conductive semiconductor device having minority carriers which accumulate
at the pn junction when the diode is forward biased and which are
suddenly swept away as back biasing increases to a certain point.
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190 | .. With transformer or saturable core device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a device whose ratio of input voltage
to output voltage is directly proportional to the ratio of primary
windings to secondary windings therein or a magnetic core reactor
having reactance modified by varying the core saturation through
a superimposed unidirectional flux.
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191 | ... Blocking oscillator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes transformer
coupled feedback in which output current flows for only one half
cycle before the oscillation is halted due to blocking of the input
and the oscillation is resumed after the input becomes unblocked.
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192 | .. Negative resistance transistor (e.g., unijunction, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a transistor whose characteristic
on a current-voltage plot has a portion with a downward
slope.
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193 | ... Four or more layer device (e.g., trigistor, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Subject matter wherein the transistor contains more than
three adjacent regions having differing conductivities.
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194 | .. Zener or capacitive diode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a diode having a threshold voltage
above which the applied voltage must rise before the diode junction
breaks down allowing the current flow across the junction to suddenly
rise or including a voltage responsive two terminal semiconductor
device whose capacitance varies as a result of changes in the space
charge at a pn junction.
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195 | .. Negative resistance diode having "N"-shape characteristic on I-V plot (e.g., tunnel diode, backward diode, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a diode whose characteristic on
a current versus voltage plot (i.e., with
the current plotted on the Y axis and the voltage on the X axis) has
an "N"-shape.
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196 | .. Negative resistance diode having "S"-shape characteristic on I-V plot (e.g., four or more layer semiconductor device, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a diode whose characteristic on
a current versus voltage plot (i.e., with
the current plotted on the Y axis and the voltage on the X axis) has
an "S"-shape.
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197 | .. Convertible circuit (e.g., bistable to monostable, D-type to T-type, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein (a) a stable state circuit with an initial number of stable states may be readily modified to one having a different number of stable states or (b) a stable state circuit with a fixed number of stable states can be readily modified between differing input configurations. | |
198 | .. Initializing, resetting, or protecting a steady state condition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including the establishment of a starting
condition in a stable state circuit, the restoration of
a stable circuit to a previous stable-state condition, or
the prevention of deterioration of an already established stable-state condition.
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199 | .. Circuit having only two stable states (i.e., bistable): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a circuit with exactly two
distinct current-conductive steady-state conditions.
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200 | ... Dynamic bistable: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein a particular stable state is maintained by charge storing elements which must be regularly recharged. | |
201 | .... Complementary clock inputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter which includes two inputs for clocks which are inverses of each other. | |
202 | ... Master-slave bistable latch: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the bistable device includes a controlling
circuit section, otherwise known as the "master" stage
and a subsequent controlled section, known as the "slave" stage.
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203 | .... Including field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Subject matter which includes a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
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204 | .... Including multi-emitter or multi-collector bipolar transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Subject matter which includes a semiconductive device which has current flowing through both n and p-type material and which has two or more emitter regions or two or more collector regions. | |
205 | ... Using hysteresis (e.g., Schmitt trigger, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the input voltage required to cause
a change from a first stable state to a second stable state is distinctly
different from that required to cause a subsequent change from the
second stable state to the first stable state as a result of feedback.
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206 | .... Including field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter which includes a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
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207 | ... Including diverse solid-state devices (e.g., FET/ bipolar, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein plural distinct types of semiconducting
elements are utilized.
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208 | ... Including field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter which includes a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
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209 | .... Including enhancement and depletion devices: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter including (a) an FET device which permits current conduction by attracting majority carriers to a channel by an appropriate applied voltage and (b) an FET device which inhibits current conduction by repelling majority carriers away from a channel by an appropriate applied voltage. | |
210 | .... CMOS: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter wherein the FET is of the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor type. | |
211 | ..... With clock input: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter which provides an input for a separate triggering
source.
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212 | .... With clock input: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter which provides an input for a separate triggering
source.
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213 | ..... Plural independent clock inputs (i.e., non-complementary): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter wherein inputs accepting multiple distinct
triggering sources are present.
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214 | ... Complementary transistors: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes a transistor
of the pnp type and a transistor of the npn type.
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215 | ... Having at least two cross-coupling paths: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including two active devices, each
capable of assuming a distinct current-conductive stable
state, the output of each device being coupled to the input
of the other.
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216 | .... JK type input: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the multivibrator has a clock input
and two additional inputs (the "J" and "K" inputs) which
jointly determine the output state of the multivibrator at the application
of a clock pulse using the following guidelines: (a) if
both "J" and "K" are "HIGH", the multivibrator
will change state; (b) if "J" and "K" are
both "LOW", the multivibrator will maintain
its current state; (c) if "J" = "HIGH" and "K" = "LOW", the
multivibrator will go to the "HIGH" state; and (d) if "J" = "LOW" and "K" = "HIGH", the
multivibrator will go to the "LOW" state.
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217 | .... RS or RST type input: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the multivibrator has two inputs (the "R" and "S") in
the RS case and also a third (the "T" input) in
the RST case and which inputs determine the output state of the
multivibrator according to the following guidelines: (a) if
the "S" is "HIGH" then the multivibrator
will go to the "HIGH" state; (b) if the "R" is "HIGH", then
the multivibrator will go to the "LOW" state; and (c) if
there is a "T" input present and it is "HIGH", the
multivibrator will change state from its previous value.
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218 | .... D type input: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the multivibrator has a clock input and an additional input (the "D" input) wherein the output state of the multivibrator represents the state of the "D" input just prior to the most recent clock pulse. | |
219 | .... Particular device at input, output, or in cross-coupling path: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including a specific active element at the multivibrator signal insertion point, the signal extraction point, or in the connection path between these two points. | |
220 | ..... With diode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter including a conventional two-terminal
unidirectionally conductive active element in the input circuit, the
output circuit, or a cross coupling path of the multivibrator.
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221 | ..... Parallel RC network in cross-coupling path: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter wherein a shunt-connected resistor and capacitor pair is inserted in one of the mutually interconnected paths. | |
222 | ..... Resistor in cross-coupling path: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter wherein a device which directly relates voltage
to current is inserted in one of the mutually interconnecting paths.
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223 | ... Plural transistors of same conductivity type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including multiple solid-state devices which are all of the npn or all of the pnp variety. | |
224 | ... With single semiconductor device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein only one solid-state device is utilized. | |
225 | ... With logic element (e.g., NOR gate, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein a device performing a Boolean algebraic
function is included.
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226 | ... With single electron tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein a solitary active device is included
which possesses two or more spaced electrodes and in which current
flow therebetween comprises elemental negatively charged particles.
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227 | .. Monostable: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein the circuit has a single stable state
which can be momentarily changed to an unstable state by the application
of a triggering signal, but which will revert to the stable
state after a predetermined time.
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228 | ... Having cross-coupled paths: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including two circuit stages in which the
output of each stage is fed back to the input of the other.
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229 | ... Having differential circuitry: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including circuitry responsive to the offset between two voltages or currents. | |
230 | ... With external feedback (i.e., output to input): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is returned to an input terminal. | |
231 | . Phase shift by less than period of input: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a fraction of the period of an input
periodic wave signal (with one period represented as 360
degrees along the time axis) is maintained or shifted.
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232 | .. Dependent on frequency: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the phase shift is varied dependent
upon the number or recurrences of a periodic input signal in a unit
of time.
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| |||
233 | .. Correction to specific phase shift: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein correction is made to an input signal
phase shift to ensure that the output signal has a predetermined
phase shift.
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234 | ... Dependent on variable controlled phase shifts: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the desired output phase shift is
obtained by applying changeable phase shifts to the input signal.
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235 | ... Dependent on multiple fixed phase shifts: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the desired output phase shift is
obtained by applying a plurality of unchanging phase shifts to the
input signal.
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| |||
236 | ... By phase comparator or detector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the phase shift change is effected
by the output of a circuit that obtains both the magnitude and sign
of the phase angle between two input voltages or currents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
237 | .. Variable or adjustable: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the phase control is (a) continuously
changed or (b) modifiable (either automatically
or in response to an operator) to various fixed delays.
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| |||||
238 | ... Quadrature related (i.e., 90 degrees): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the variable or adjustable phase
shift control involves the state or condition of two related periodic
functions or two related points separated by a quarter of a cycle
or 90 electrical degrees.
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239 | ... Non-overlapping multiple outputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a variable or adjustable phase shift
circuit produces plural output clock type waves wherein no two such
waves are permitted to be "on" simultaneously.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
240 | ... Maintaining invariant amplitude: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a variable or adjustable phase control
device produces an output signal having an unchanging amplitude
relative to the input signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
241 | ... With counter or shift register: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter including (a) a circuit
which totals input pulses to produce an output signal each time
it receives a predetermined number of input pulses or (b) a
circuit which transfers its digital contents along plural storage
elements in a chain on the application of an input pulse.
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242 | .... Having multiple outputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter wherein more than one output is produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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243 | ... With feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is
returned to an input.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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244 | .... With phase comparator or detector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter including a circuit whose output represents
both the magnitude and sign of the phase angle between two input
voltages or currents.
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| |||||
245 | .... Having multiple outputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein more than one output is produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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246 | ... With differential amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a circuit amplifies only the differences
between two input signal voltages or currents and suppresses voltages
or currents appearing simultaneously on both inputs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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247 | .... Having multiple outputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter wherein more than one output is produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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248 | ... With adder: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a variable or adjustable device includes
a circuit which produces the sum of two or more quantities impressed
on it.
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249 | .... Having multiple outputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Subject matter wherein more than one output is produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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250 | ... With active time delay element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the time required for a signal to
travel between two points in a circuit is controlled by an element
which requires an external power supply other than the main input
signal for its operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
251 | .... Having multiple outputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter wherein more than one output is produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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252 | ... With passive time delay element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the time required for a signal to
travel between two points in a circuit is controlled by an element
powered only by an input signal, without any bias voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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253 | .... Having multiple outputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter wherein more than one output is produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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254 | .. Quadrature related (i.e., 90 degrees): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the phase shift control includes
the state or condition of two related periodic functions or two
related points separated by a quarter of a cycle or 90 electrical degrees.
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255 | ... 90 degrees between input and output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter wherein the phase relationship between an
output signal and an input signal is separated by a quarter of a
cycle or 90 electrical degrees.
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256 | .. Phase inversion (i.e., 180 degrees between input and output): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the phase relationship between the
input and output signal is separated by a half of a cycle or 180
electrical degrees.
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257 | ... Multiple outputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter wherein more than one output is produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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258 | .. Multiple outputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein more than one output is produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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259 | ... Non-overlapping: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Subject matter wherein a phase shift circuit produces plural
output clock type waves where no two such waves are permitted to
be "on" simultaneously.
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| |||||||
260 | .. Producing AC power control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein an output alternating current signal
is controlled either by a phase shift or by suppressing output dependent
upon some phase.
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261 | . Having specific delay in producing output waveform: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an output signal is obtained at a
predetermined time interval subsequent to the application of an
input or control or initiating signal to a system.
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262 | .. Including significant compensation (e.g., temperature compensated delay, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein undesired changes in circuit operation
due to, for example, temperature changes, component
structural differences, or power supply fluctuations are
offset.
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263 | .. Delay interval set by rising or falling edge: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein the delay time is determined by either (a) the
interval between the occurrence of leading or trailing edges of
a pulse signal or (b) the amount of time for the leading
or trailing edge of a pulse waveform to rise or fall to a particular
value.
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| |||||||||
264 | ... Having specific active circuit element or structure (e.g., FET, complementary transistors, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter including a particular circuit element or
structure requiring an external power supply other than the main
input signal for its operation and which produces some dynamic function
change (e.g., amplification) of
the applied input electrical signal basic characteristic.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
265 | .... With counter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter wherein a circuit is included which totals
input pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a
predetermined number of input pulses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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266 | .... Differential amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter wherein a circuit amplifies only the differences
between two input signal voltages or currents and suppresses voltages
or currents appearing simultaneously on both inputs.
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| |||||||||
267 | .... Electron tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter including a gas filled or partially or fully
evacuated (vacuum) device which regulates current
flow between spaced electrodes.
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| |||||||
268 | ... Having passive circuit element or structure (e.g., RLC circuit, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter wherein a circuit element or structure is
powered only by an input signal without any bias voltage and produces
a desired modification of the input signal without adding any amplification
or gain (i.e., it presents some
loss to a system).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
269 | .. Multiple outputs with plurality of delay intervals: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter including plural outputs each having its
own amount of delay.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
270 | ... Variable or adjustable: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Subject matter wherein the multiple delay intervals are
either (a) continuously changing or (b) changeable, automatically
or in response to an operator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
271 | ... Including delay line or charge transfer device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Subject matter wherein at least one time interval is derived
from the time of propagation of a signal through a transmission
line type means (e.g., shift
register, cascade-connected nonlinear amplifier
stages, charge transfer element, etc.).
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| |||||||
272 | ... Having specific active circuit element or structure (e.g., FET, complementary transistors, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Subject matter including a particular circuit element or
structure requiring an external power supply other than the main
input signal for its operation and which produces some dynamic function
change (e.g., amplification) of
the applied input electrical signal basic characteristic.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
273 | .... With counter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein a circuit is included which totals
input pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a
predetermined number of input pulses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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274 | .... Differential amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter including a circuit which amplifies only
the differences between two input signal voltages or currents and
suppresses voltages or currents appearing simultaneously on both
inputs.
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| |||||||||
275 | .... Electron tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter including a gas filled or partially or fully
evacuated (vacuum) device which regulates current
flow between spaced electrodes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
276 | .. Single output with variable or selectable delay: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter including one output where the delay time
is adjustable or may be chosen from multiple possibilities.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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277 | ... Including delay line or charge transfer device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter wherein the delay interval is derived from
the time of propagation of a signal through a transmission line
type means (e.g., shift
register, cascade-connected nonlinear amplifier
stages, charge transfer element, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||
278 | ... Having specific active circuit element or structure (e.g., complementary transistors, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter including a particular circuit element or
structure requiring an external power supply other than the main
input signal for its operation and which produces some dynamic function
change (e.g., amplification) of
the applied input electrical signal basic characteristic.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
279 | .... With counter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter wherein a circuit is included which totals
input pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a
predetermined number of input pulses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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280 | .... Differential amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter including a circuit which amplifies only
the differences between two input signal voltages or currents and
suppresses voltages or currents appearing simultaneously on both
inputs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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281 | .... Field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
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282 | .... Electron tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter including a gas filled, or partially
or fully evacuated (vacuum) device which regulates
current flow between spaced electrodes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
283 | ... Having specific passive circuit element or structure (e.g., RLC circuit, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter wherein a circuit element or structure is
powered only by an input signal, without any bias voltage
and produces a desired modification on the input signal without
adding any amplification or gain (i.e.,
it presents some loss to a system).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
284 | .. Including delay line or charge transfer device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein the time interval is derived from
the time of propagation of a signal through a transmission line
type means (e.g., shift
register, cascade-connected nonlinear amplifier
stages, charge transfer element, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||||||||||
285 | .. Having specific active circuit element or structure (e.g., complementary transistors, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter including a particular circuit element or
structure requiring an external power supply other than the main
input signal for its operation and which produces some dynamic function
change (e.g., amplification) of
the applied input electrical signal basic characteristic.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
286 | ... With counter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein a circuit is included which totals
input pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a
predetermined number of input pulses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||||||||
287 | ... Differential amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter including a circuit which amplifies only
the differences between two input voltages or currents and suppresses
voltages or currents appearing simultaneously on both inputs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
288 | ... Field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
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289 | ... Electron tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter including a gas filled or partially or fully
evacuated (vacuum) device which regulates current
flow between spaced electrodes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
290 | .. Having specific passive circuit element or structure (e.g., RLC circuit, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein a circuit element or structure is
powered only by an input signal, without any bias voltage, and
produces a desired modification on the input signal without adding
any amplification or gain (i.e., it presents
some loss to a system).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
291 | . Clock or pulse waveform generating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an output waveshape is produced which
exhibits two distinct amplitude levels and where the transition
therebetween is rapid.
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292 | .. Clock fault compensation or redundant clocks: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter wherein clock accuracy is ensured by correcting
for anticipated or actual clock errors.
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293 | .. With plural paths in network: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter including multiple channels between a signal
input terminal and one or more output terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
294 | ... With common output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter wherein the output of each of the plural
paths or channels is fed to a common final output point.
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295 | .. Plural outputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter wherein multiple separate output waveforms
are produced and appear at respective output terminals.
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296 | ... Plural clock outputs with multiple inputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject matter wherein multiple clock waveforms are derived at circuit outputs from plural clock inputs. | |
297 | ... Clock bus: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject matter wherein the clock is applied to a distribution
network which distributes a plural series of precisely timed, repetitive
voltage pulses to plural devices.
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298 | .. Single clock output with multiple inputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter wherein plural inputs are utilized to produce the single clock output. | |
299 | .. Single clock output with single clock or data input: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter wherein one series of precisely timed, repetitive
voltage pulses of fixed frequency and amplitude or a signal containing information
is the sole input for creating a single clock output.
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| |||
300 | .. With saturable inductance: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter including a magnetic core reactor having
reactance modified by varying the core saturation through a superimposed
unidirectional flux.
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301 | .. With electron beam type tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter including at least one electron space discharge device whose performance depends upon the formation and control of one or more rays of elemental negatively charged particles. | |
302 | .. With storage diode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter which incorporates a two-terminal
semiconductive device having minority carriers which accumulate
at a pn junction when the diode is forward biased and which are suddenly
swept away after back biasing increases to a certain point.
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303 | .. With rectifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter including a device transforming an AC signal
to a corresponding DC signal by a device permitting only unidirectional
current flow.
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304 | .. With inductive device (e.g., transformer, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter which includes an element which has the property
of opposing current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic field.
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305 | .. With gas tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter which incorporates an electron discharge device where a small amount of gas is ionized to permit current flow. | |
306 | . Amplitude control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of an input signal
waveform is modified, maintained, or regulated
to produce the desired output signal.
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307 | .. Baseline or DC offset correction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein the drift of a reference direct current
component of a signal is compensated.
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308 | .. Variable attenuator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein an input signal amplitude is diminished
by an adjustable but typically unchanging factor.
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309 | .. By limiting, clipping, or clamping: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein (a) the output
signal amplitude is constrained by a maximum allowed level, a
minimum allowed level or both or (b) the upper
or lower amplitude extreme of the output signal is maintained at
a particular level.
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310 | ... Transient or signal noise reduction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or
clamping lessens or eliminates an intermittent spuriously generated
component from a signal.
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311 | .... By filtering: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping or clamping
of a signal transient is provided by a circuit which offers little
opposition to some frequencies or DC while blocking or attenuating
other frequencies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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312 | .... By feedback limiting-clamping: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein transient or signal noise reduction
is performed in a return path between an output terminal and an
input terminal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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313 | .... Using 3 or more terminal type nonlinear devices only: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes one or more elements having an output which is not in direct proportion to its input and having more than two electrodes as the only type of active element. | |
314 | .... Using diode type nonlinear devices only: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes one or more
two-terminal unidirectionally conductive devices as the
only type of active element.
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315 | ... Providing constant input/output amplitude level ratio: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter including maintenance of the ratio of the
input to output signal magnitudes to a fixed value.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||
316 | .... By feedback control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter wherein a circuit is controlled by a signal
returned along a path between an output terminal and an input terminal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
317 | ... Distortion compensation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein an undesired waveform modification
is corrected or reduced by imposing amplitude constraints on the
waveform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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318 | ... In input or output circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or
clamping device is a component of either a signal insertion or extraction
point of a circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
319 | .... For interstage coupling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or
clamping permits the joining of two or more circuit sections together.
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| |||||
320 | ..... Using diode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter including one or more two-terminal
unidirectionally conductive devices.
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321 | .... Clamping of output to voltage level: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter wherein the maximum or minimum value of an output signal is held to a particular voltage level. | |
322 | .... Of output current: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter including apparatus which regulates the value
of the current in the output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
323 | ... Feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein a limiting, clipping, or clamping
structure is in a return path between an output terminal and an
input terminal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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324 | ... By using diverse-type nonlinear devices: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein plural, unlike-in-kind, nonlinear
devices are utilized.
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325 | ... Using only diode active elements: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or
clamping utilizes a two-terminal unidirectionally conductive
device as the sole active circuit device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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326 | .... Avalanche or negative resistance device (e.g., zener diode, tunnel diode, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Subject matter wherein at least one of the diode elements
exhibits a sharp increase of current flow with increasing reverse
bias applied thereto or has an IV characteristic with a portion
where an increase in applied voltage results in a decrease of current
therethrough.
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| |||||
327 | ... Using only transistor active elements: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or
clamping utilizes a three or more terminal solid-state
device as the sole active circuit device type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
328 | .... Field-effect type device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter which includes a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||||||||||
329 | ... With tuned circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter including an inductive/capacitive
network having a particular resonant frequency.
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| |||||
330 | ... With rectifier or nonlinear impedance: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter including a device converting alternating
current to direct current or an impedance where the voltage to current
ratio is not directly related.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||
331 | .. Maintaining constant level output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of an output waveform
is kept at a fixed level independently of the amplitude of the input
waveform.
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| |||
332 | ... With feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Subject matter wherein a correction voltage is returned
from an output circuit to a control electrode in the input.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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333 | .. Interstage coupling (e.g., level shift, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein interconnection of two diverse circuits
having different ranges of acceptable signal values is made possible.
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334 | SPECIFIC INPUT TO OUTPUT FUNCTION: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an output is proportional to a nonlinear
mathematical expression of an input signal.
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335 | . By differentiating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to the instantaneous rate of change of the input signal.
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336 | . By integrating: |
Subject matter under 334 wherein the output signal is proportional
to a time integral function of the input signal.
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337 | .. Having switched capacitance: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein the time integral function is determined
by a particular capacitor arrangement which is variable dependent
upon a connect/disconnect path.
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338 | .. With thermionic tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter including an electron tube which ejects electrons by elevating the temperature of the tube cathode. | |
339 | .. With summing or counting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein (a) a signal is
produced that represents a weighted sum of the input signal or (b) a
device is incremented or decremented at discrete intervals upon
receipt of the input signal.
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340 | .. Single vacuum tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter including only one device with sealed envelope which controls the flow of electrons between spaced electrodes through a fully or partially evacuated space. | |
341 | .. With compensation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein an integration circuit is maintained in its normal operating state or offsets any undesirable changes in its circuitry. | |
342 | .. With transducer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter including a device that converts energy forms (other
than electrical) into an electrical energy signal.
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343 | .. With rectifier circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter including a device that converts alternating
current to direct current.
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344 | .. Including RC circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter including a particular arrangement of capacitance and resistance. | |
345 | .. Having feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is
returned to an input.
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346 | . Exponential: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to an input signal that is raised to a particular algebraic power.
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347 | .. Square root: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 346. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional to the input signal raised to the power of one half. | |
348 | ... RMS: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to the square root of the average of the squares of the input signal
taken throughout one period.
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| |||||
349 | .. Square function: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 346. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to the input signal raised to the power of two or a multiple of
two.
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350 | . Logarithmic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to an inverse exponential function of the input signal.
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351 | .. With cascade network: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter including an arrangement of two or more similar
circuits or stages in which an output of one circuit provides an
input to the next circuit.
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352 | .. With summing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced that represents the algebraic sum of applied input signals. | |
353 | .. With vacuum tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter including a device with sealed envelope which controls the flow of electrons between spaced electrodes through a fully or partially evacuated space. | |
354 | . Absolute value: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein an output signal is proportional
to the negative of an input signal, if the input signal
is negative, and is proportional to an input signal, if
the input signal is positive.
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355 | . Combining of plural signals: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the output is a resultant function
of mathematically operating on two or more input signals.
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356 | .. Product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter wherein the output signal represents an analog
multiplication of plural input signals.
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357 | ... Quadrant: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 356. Subject matter wherein the output signal represents an analog multiplication performed on input signals having positive or negative polarities. | |
358 | ... Having feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 356. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is returned to an input. | |
359 | ... Differential amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 356. Subject matter wherein a circuit amplifies only the differences between the two input signals and suppresses the input signals when they have identical signals. | |
360 | .. Quotient: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter wherein the output signal represents a ratio
of plural input signals.
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361 | .. Summing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced that represents an algebraic sum of input signals. | |
362 | . With compensation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein a functional circuit is maintained
in its normal operating state or offsets any undesirable changes
therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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363 | . Having feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is returned to an input. | |
364 | . With vacuum tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter including a device with a sealed envelope which controls the flow of electrons between spaced electrodes through a fully or partially evacuated space. | |
365 | GATING (I.E., SWITCHING INPUT TO OUTPUT): |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein one signal (a controlling
signal) determines whether an input signal is transmitted
without modification to an output or is blocked therefrom.
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366 | . Superconductive (e.g., cryogenic, etc.) device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a switching circuit which operates
at a very low temperature (e.g., 30
K) where the electrical resistance becomes essentially
zero.
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367 | .. Josephson junction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter including an electronic fast-switching
device consisting of two superconductors separated by a thin layer
of insulator which allows a low current flow therethrough by quantum
mechanical tunneling.
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368 | .. Critical current control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter wherein the switching operation depends on a value of current that, if exceeded, may destroy the superconductivity of the gate conductor. | |
369 | .. External control (e.g., piezoelectric, light, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter wherein the switching operation is responsive
to a physical condition, such as, mechanical stress
from a piezoelectric element or light from an optical device, etc.
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| |||||
370 | ... Magnetic field control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Subject matter wherein the switching operation depends on
a variation of a controlled magnetic field.
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371 | ... Temperature control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Subject matter wherein the switching operation is responsive
to a variation of temperature.
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372 | .. Inductive effect: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter wherein the switching operation depends on
a property of a circuit that tends to oppose any change of current
because of a magnetic field associated with the current itself.
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373 | .. Layout: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit is represented
by its physical structure on a substrate with a detailed description
of the topological arrangement and connection of conductors and
components.
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374 | . Accelerating switching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a circuit to minimize the time
delay at the turn-on or turn-off period, therefore
increasing the switching speed.
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375 | .. Saturation prevention: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter including a circuit intended to avoid the concentration of charges stored in a bipolar transistor base region, such concentration of charges prevents the bipolar transistor from turning on or off quickly. | |
376 | .. Turn-on: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter including a circuit intended to reduce the time interval from the occurrence of a control input for turning on the gate to the occurrence of a current or a signal being gated to the output. | |
377 | .. Turn-off: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter including a circuit intended to reduce the time interval from the occurrence of a control input for turning off the gate to the occurrence of a current or signal being blocked at the gate. | |
378 | . Compensation for variations in external physical values (e.g., temperature, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a circuit to offset an undesired
change in the switched signal caused by the variation of a physical
condition outside of the switching circuit, for example, variation in
temperature, etc.
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| |||
379 | . Signal transmission integrity or spurious noise override: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a circuit to maintain signal transmission
without impairment from unwanted or unintentionally generated electrical
signals.
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380 | .. Preventing quick rise gating current (i.e., di/dt): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter including a circuit for preventing, at the beginning of the turn-on period, an excessive current flow change at the control terminal which could cause damage to the switching device. | |
381 | .. Preventing quick rise gating voltage (i.e., dv/dt): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter including a circuit for preventing, at the beginning of the turn-on period, an excessive potential change at the control terminal which could cause damage to the switching device. | |
382 | .. Parasitic prevention or compensation (e.g., parasitic capacitance, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter including a circuit to alleviate detrimental
changes in the switched signal caused by the presence of inherent
non-ideal circuit elements.
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383 | .. Ensuring fully conducting state: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter including a circuit for developing an essentially
equal potential at all nodes along the transmission path of the
switched signal.
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384 | .. Switch noise signal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter including a circuit which offsets an unwanted oscillation (ringing) or a spurious spike due to a switch being turned on or off. | |
385 | ... Contact bounce from mechanical switch: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Subject matter wherein an electromechanically induced switching
noise (i.e., chatter) is
offset.
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386 | .... With clock input: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit accepts and
is responsive to a predetermined time-related signal or
a periodic signal in addition to the control signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
387 | .. Control signal derived from or responsive to input signal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter wherein the control signal is dependent on
or generated from a characteristic of the input signal.
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388 | ... Additional external control signal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Subject matter including another control signal which controls the switching operation and which is independent of the characteristic of the input signal and the first control signal. | |
389 | .. Insulated gate FET (e.g., MOSFET, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes one or more
unipolar transistors characterized by having a lightly doped substrate (e.g., p-type material) into
which two highly doped regions (e.g., n+ type
material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) when
an electrical field is applied; a layer of insulating material (e.g., SiO2) is
grown over the channel surface for separating the channel from a
control (i.e., gate) electrode.
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390 | ... With capacitive bootstrapping: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter wherein the IGFET switching circuit includes
discrete, capacitive elements, or uses its inherent
capacitance to enhance its operating condition, to achieve
full switching capabilities in response to control signals.
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391 | ... Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter including a unit of two enhancement mode
metal-oxide field-effect transistors, each
having a channel of conductivity type opposite that of the other (e.g., p-channel
vs. n-channel) and they are connected
in series across the power supply with gates linked together.
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392 | . Delay controlled switch (e.g., fixed, single time of delay control, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter wherein there is a recited significant time
offset between the occurrence of a gating control signal and the
actual initiation of the gating operation.
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393 | .. With variable or multiple adjustable time of delay control (e.g., variable charge-discharge, on-delay/off-delay control, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Subject matter wherein the time offset is varied, for
example, by (1) controlling a charge/discharge
device to create different varying times, (2) changing
a setting/resetting cycle, or (3) changing
the on/off time of a control element.
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| |||
394 | ... With field-effect device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Subject matter including a circuit having one or more devices
each having a high input impedance and low leakage, thus
providing excellent isolation between the drive signal, which
is used to switch the input signal from one part of the circuit
to another.
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| |||||
395 | ... Propagation through plural delay devices or paths: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Subject matter wherein the variable or adjustable delay
is achieved by connecting the input signal to multiple delaying
elements or circuit branches.
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| |||
396 | ... With plural switching elements (e.g., sequential, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Subject matter wherein multiple gating devices are utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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397 | ... Including negative resistance device in delay circuit (e.g., unijunction transistor, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Subject matter wherein the plot of the current-voltage
operating characteristics of an incorporated device has a portion
with a negative slope.
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398 | .. For predetermined time period: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Subject matter wherein the activation duration of the switch
is fixed prior to such activation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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399 | .. With field-effect device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Subject matter including a circuit having one or more devices
each having a high input impedance and low leakage, thus
providing excellent isolation between the drive signal which is used
to switch the input signal from one part of the circuit to another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
400 | .. Propagation through plural delay devices or paths: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Subject matter wherein the delay is controlled by connecting
the input signal to multiple delaying elements or circuit branches.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
401 | .. With plural switching elements (e.g., sequential, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Subject matter wherein multiple gating devices are utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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402 | .. Including negative resistance device in delay circuit (e.g., unijunction transistor, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Subject matter wherein a plot of the current-voltage
operating characteristics of an incorporated device has a portion
with a negative slope.
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| |||||
403 | . Parallel controlled paths: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter comprising at least two signal paths having
a common input and a common output, each signal path having
at least one switch.
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| |||||
404 | .. Field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a unipolar
transistor in which current carriers are injected at a source terminal
and passed to a drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor
material whose conductivity depends largely on an electrical field
applied to the semiconductor from a control electrode (i.e., gate).
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405 | .. Bipolar transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a three
or more electrode semiconductor device of the type having at least
two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of both
majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes
and electrons).
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406 | .. Electron tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a vacuum tube or a gas filled tube, in which electrical currents flow between spaced electrodes, and in which the conduction of charged particles (e.g., electrons or ions), takes place between these electrodes. | |
407 | . Converging with plural inputs and single output: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter comprising at least two signal paths having
separate inputs and a common output, each signal path having
at least one switch.
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408 | .. Field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a unipolar
transistor in which current carriers are injected at a source terminal
and pass to a drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor
material whose conductivity depends largely on an electrical field
applied to the semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
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409 | ... Push-pull circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes two similar field-effect transistors connected in series, having two input terminals and a common output terminal, and alternatively transmitting input signals to the output. | |
410 | .... With complementary transistor devices: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter wherein the push-pull circuit includes two field-effect transistors of n-type channel and p-type channel connected in series. | |
411 | .. Bipolar transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a three
or more electrode semiconductor device of the type having at least
two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of both
majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes
and electrons).
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412 | ... Push-pull circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter including a circuit containing two similar bipolar transistors connected in series, having two input terminals and a common output terminal, and alternatively transmitting input signals to the output. | |
413 | .... With complementary transistor devices: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Subject matter including two bipolar transistors of opposite conductivity type connected in series (e.g., npn and pnp transistors). | |
414 | .. Electron tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a vacuum tube or a gas filled device, in which electrical currents flow between spaced electrodes and in which the conduction of charged particles (e.g., electrons) takes place between electrodes. | |
415 | . Diverging with single input and plural outputs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter comprising at least two signal paths having
a single input and separate outputs, each signal path containing
at least one switch.
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416 | .. Field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a unipolar
transistor in which current carriers are injected at a source terminal
and passed to a drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor
material whose conductivity depends largely on an electrical field
applied to the semiconductor from a control electrode (i.e., gate).
| |||||
417 | .. Bipolar transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a three
or more electrode semiconductor device of the type having at least
two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of both
majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes
and electrons).
| |||
418 | .. Electron tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a vacuum tube or gas filled device, in which electrical currents flow between spaced electrodes and in which the conduction of charged particles (e.g., electrons) takes place between electrodes. | |
419 | . Utilizing three or more electrode solid-state device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a semiconductor device containing three or more elements that perform one or more of the following: (a) emit or collect electrons or holes, or (b) control the electron or hole movements by an applied electrical field. | |
420 | .. Breakdown characteristic (e.g., punch-through, tunneling, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter wherein the operation of the solid-state
device is characterized by a sudden change from high dynamic electrical
resistance to a very low dynamic resistance in a reverse biased
semiconductor devices (e.g., a
reverse biased junction between p-type and n-type semiconductor
materials), wherein reverse current increases
rapidly for a small increase in reverse applied voltage, and
the device behaves as if it had negative electrical resistance.
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| |||||||
421 | ... Zener: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Subject matter wherein a breakdown is caused in a semiconductor
device by the field emission of charge carriers in a depletion layer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
422 | ... Avalanche: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Subject matter wherein a breakdown is caused by the action
of a strong electric field which causes some free carriers to gain
enough energy to liberate new hole-electron pairs
by ionization.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
423 | .. Bridge circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter including four or more solid-state
devices with their input and output terminals connected in a closed
loop to form a four arm network, and at least one solid-state
device is a transistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
424 | ... Field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter wherein at least one arm of the bridge circuit
includes a unipolar transistor in which current carriers are injected
at a source terminal and pass to a drain terminal through a channel
of semiconductor material whose conductivity depends largely on
an electrical field applied to the semiconductor from a control electrode (i.e., gate).
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425 | .. Bilateral transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter wherein the solid-state device is a transistor which conducts equally in either direction. | |
426 | ... Plural: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Subject matter wherein the switch comprises more than one bilateral transistor. | |
427 | .. Field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
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428 | ... With silicon controlled rectifier (SCR): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes a field-effect transistor and a four layer (pnpn), three junction, three electrode (anode, cathode, and gate) device which can be triggered into conduction in only one direction. | |
429 | ... Four or more electrode solid-state device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter including a semiconductor device containing four or more elements that emit or collect electrons or holes, or that control their movements by an applied electrical field. | |
430 | ... JFET (i.e., junction field-effect transistor): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter including a field-effect transistor characterized by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type material (e.g., p-type), known as gate regions on both sides of a second type material semiconductor bar (e.g., n+ type) to form a pn junction. | |
431 | .... MESFET (i.e., metal semiconductor field-effect transistor): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Subject matter wherein the junction field-effect transistor
operates on the principle of the injection of very highly concentrated
majority carriers across a potential difference barrier which is
formed by the junction of a lightly doped semiconductor substrate
and a metal layer deposited thereon (i.e., Schottky
gate junction).
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432 | ... With bipolar transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter including a field-effect transistor and a semiconductor device of the type having at least two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons). | |
433 | .... Bi-CMOS: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Subject matter including a bipolar transistor and a unit of two enhancement mode metal-oxide field-effect transistors connected in series with their gates linked together, each field-effect transistor has a channel of conductivity type opposite that of the other (e.g., p-channel vs. n-channel). | |
434 | ... Insulated gate FET (e.g., MOSFET, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor characterized
by having a lightly doped substrate (e.g., p-type
material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g., n+ type
material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) when
an electrical field is applied and a layer of insulating material (e.g., SiO2) is
grown over the channel surface for separating the channel from a
control (i.e., gate) electrode.
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435 | .... GaAs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter wherein the semiconductor material is gallium arsenide. | |
436 | .... Plural devices in series: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter having more than one insulated gate FET successively connected together. | |
437 | .... Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter wherein the switching device includes a unit
of two enhancement mode metal-oxide field-effect
transistors, each having a channel of conductivity type
opposite that of the other (e.g., p-channel
vs. n-channel) and they are connected
in series across the power supply with gates linked together.
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438 | .. Four or more layer device (e.g., thyristor, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter including a semiconductor device with four
or more alternating layers of p-type and n-type
material, (e.g., pnpn, etc.)
| |||
439 | ... Bipolar transistor circuit configuring SCR device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter wherein a circuit built with bipolar transistors performs the same function as a silicon controlled rectifier. | |
440 | ... GTO (i.e., gate turnoff): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter including a four layer pnpn device similar in construction to an SCR, but which is switched into a nonconduction state by a polarity reverse signal applied to the gate or control electrode. | |
441 | .... Plural or combined with other four or more layer device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter having more than one gate turnoff device or having at least one GTO and another four or more layer device. | |
442 | .... Separate ON and OFF control circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter wherein distinct circuits are used to control the turn-on and turn-off of the switching circuit. | |
443 | .... Transformer or inductor in control circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter wherein the control circuit includes a device
which opposes any change of current therethrough because of a resultant magnetic
field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||
444 | ... Complex wave supply: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter wherein the switching device"s power supply has a waveform which is a periodic wave either made up of a combination of several frequencies or several sine waves superimposed on one another. | |
445 | .... Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Subject matter including a four layer, three junction
device, which can be triggered into conduction in only
one direction.
| |||||
446 | ..... Triac: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter including a bidirectional rectifier (essentially two SCRs in parallel) that functions as an electronically controlled switch for AC loads and having an npnpn structure that can be triggered into either forward or reverse conduction (i.e., transmits AC power across its anode-cathode) by a pulse applied to its gate electrode. | |
447 | ... AC supply: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit is power supplied by a voltage source whose polarity changes, or alternates, with time. | |
448 | .... Device in bridge: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter including four or more solid-state
devices with their input and output terminals connected in a closed
loop to form a four arm network, which may include another
arm, called a diagonal arm, connected across two adjacent
arms of the network between an input terminal and an output terminal
and at least one solid-state device has four or more semiconducting
layers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
449 | .... PUT (i.e., programmable unijunction transistor): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter including a thyristor with an anode gate
in which the anode-gate voltage differential determines
the conduction or nonconduction state of the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
450 | .... Four electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter including a four or more layer device which has four terminals permitting connection to external circuits. | |
451 | .... Zero point switching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter wherein the switching device is switched
or forward-biased to allow conduction of the AC power through
the device"s anode-cathode region at the point in time
of the AC operating cycle when the AC waveform crosses the zero
voltage level (i.e., moving from
the negative part of the phase to the positive part of the operating
phase or vice-versa).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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452 | ..... With triac: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Subject matter including a bidirectional rectifier (essentially two SCRs in parallel) that functions as an electronically controlled switch for AC loads and having an npnpn structure that can be triggered into either forward or reverse conduction (i.e., transmits AC power across its anode-cathode) by a pulse applied to its gate electrode. | |
453 | .... Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter including a four layer, three junction
device, which can be triggered into conduction in only
one direction.
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454 | ..... With unijunction transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes a
silicon controlled rectifier combined with a three-terminal
semiconductor having only one pn junction and exhibiting a stable open-circuit
negative resistance property.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
455 | ..... Triac: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter including a bidirectional rectifier (essentially two SCRs in parallel) that functions as an electronically controlled switch for AC loads and having an npnpn structure that can be triggered into either forward or reverse conduction (i.e., transmits AC power across its anode-cathode) by a pulse applied to its gate electrode. | |
456 | ...... Plural: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Subject matter including more than one triac. | |
457 | ...... Combined with diac: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Subject matter including a triac and a three layer (npn), two
terminal switching semiconductor device.
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458 | ...... Combined with diverse four or more layer device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Subject matter including a triac and at least one different four or more layer device. | |
459 | ...... With bipolar transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Subject matter including a triac and a transistor of the type having at least two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons). | |
460 | ..... Plural SCRs: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein more than one silicon controlled rectifier device is connected along the AC power supply path. | |
461 | ...... Inverse parallel connection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Subject matter wherein two four or more layer devices are connected across each other, but in opposite directions (i.e., the cathode of one device is joined to the anode of the other device at one common node and vice versa at the other common node). | |
462 | ....... With bipolar transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 461. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes plural silicon controlled rectifiers and a transistor of the type having at least two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons). | |
463 | ..... With bipolar transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes a silicon controlled rectifier and a transistor of the type having at least two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons). | |
464 | .... Having plural four or more layer devices: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter wherein more than one four or more layer device is connected along the AC power supply path. | |
465 | ... DC supply: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit is power supplied by a steady voltage source (i.e., its positive and negative terminals do not change their potentials over time). | |
466 | .... PUT (i.e., programmable unijunction transistor): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter including a thyristor with an anode gate in which the anode-gate voltage differential determines the conduction or nonconduction state of the device. | |
467 | .... Four electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter including a four or more layer device which has four terminals for connection to external circuits. | |
468 | .... SCR and unijunction transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes a silicon controlled rectifier combined with a three-terminal semiconductor having only one pn junction and exhibiting a stable open circuit negative resistance property. | |
469 | .... Triac: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter including a bidirectional rectifier (essentially two SCRs in parallel) that functions as an electronically controlled switch and having an npnpn structure that can be triggered into either forward or reverse conduction by a pulse applied to its gate electrode. | |
470 | .... Plural devices: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter wherein more than one four or more layer device is connected along the DC power supply path. | |
471 | ..... Series anode-cathode connection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Subject matter wherein a plurality of four or more layer devices are successively connected, the positive terminal (anode) of one device is joined to the negative terminal (cathode) of the immediate adjacent device (i.e., cascade connected). | |
472 | ...... Plural paths: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Subject matter having more than one string of series connections. | |
473 | ..... Parallel connection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Subject matter wherein a plurality of four or more layer devices are connected such that all positive terminals (anodes) are joined to a common node and all negative terminals (cathodes) are joined to another common node. | |
474 | ..... With bipolar transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Subject matter having more than one four or more layer device combined with a transistor of the type having at least two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons). | |
475 | .... SCR and bipolar transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes a silicon controlled rectifier and a transistor of the type having at least two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons). | |
476 | ... Triac: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter including a bidirectional rectifier (essentially two SCRs in parallel) that functions as an electronically controlled switch and having an npnpn structure that can be triggered into either forward or reverse conduction by a pulse applied to its gate electrode. | |
477 | .. Unijunction transistor (UJT): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter including a three terminal semiconductor
having only one pn junction and exhibiting a stable open-circuit
negative resistance property.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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478 | .. Bipolar transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter including a semiconductor device of the type
having at least two potential barriers and having a controlled current
flow of both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and
electrons).
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479 | ... Special four or more electrode device (e.g., multiple bases, three electrode bipolar with FET gate, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter wherein the bipolar transistor has more than three electrodes or has particular features, such as an additional FET gate. | |
480 | .... Multiple emitter transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Subject matter wherein the bipolar transistor has at least two emitter regions in addition to the base and collector regions. | |
481 | .... Multiple collector transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Subject matter wherein the bipolar transistor has at least two collector regions in addition to the base and emitter regions. | |
482 | ... Plural: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter having more than one bipolar transistor. | |
483 | .... Darlington connection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter which includes a circuit of two similar transistors
where their collectors are tied together and the emitter of the
first transistor is directly coupled to the base of the second transistor
such that the emitter current of the first transistor equals the
base current of the second transistor.
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484 | .... Opposite conductivity (i.e., complementary): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein transistors of the npn and pnp type
are present in the same circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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485 | ..... Control circuit in cascade: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter wherein the switching control circuit includes
two similar transistors arranged in tandem, with the output
of one connected to the input of the next.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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486 | ..... Control circuit in totem pole: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter wherein the switching control circuit includes two similar transistors arranged in a push-pull circuit which alternatively operate to provide a single ended control output signal. | |
487 | .... Control circuit in cascade: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein the switching control circuit includes
two similar transistors arranged in tandem, with the output
of one connected to the input of the next.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
488 | .... Control circuit in totem pole: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein the switching control circuit includes two similar transistors arranged in a push-pull circuit which alternatively operate to provide a single ended control output signal. | |
489 | .... Control circuit with common emitter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein the switching control circuit includes a bipolar transistor with the emitter terminal connected to a common ground of the circuit, and the outputs at the collector terminal provide control voltages to the switch. | |
490 | ..... With current mirror: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Subject matter wherein the control circuit relies on the
collector current matching of two transistors when connected together
base to base and emitter to emitter with one transistor having its
collector connected to its base.
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491 | ..... With emitter follower: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Subject matter wherein the control circuit has a transistor amplifier circuit configuration which is characterized by relatively high input impedance, low output impedance, and a voltage gain of less than unity. | |
492 | .... Control circuit with common collector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein the switching control circuit includes a bipolar transistor with the collector terminal connected to a common ground of the circuit, and the outputs at the emitter terminal provide control voltages to the switch. | |
493 | . Utilizing two electrode solid-state device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a semiconductor device containing
two elements that emit or collect electrons or holes, or
that control their movements by an applied electrical field.
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494 | .. Bridge circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Subject matter including four two-electrode solid-state
devices with their input and output terminals connected in a closed
loop to form a four arm network.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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495 | ... Combined with diverse device in at least one arm: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter wherein a two-electrode solid-state device is combined with another device of a different type in at least one of the bridge arms. | |
496 | ... Plural: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter including more than one bridge circuit. | |
497 | ... Active element in diagonal arm: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter wherein the bridge circuit has in its diagonal arm a specific device that requires power for functioning. | |
498 | .. Negative resistance: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Subject matter wherein the switch comprises a solid-state
two electrode device whose characteristic on a current-voltage
plot has a portion with a negative slope.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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499 | ... "N"-shape curve on I-V plot (e.g., tunnel diode type, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter including a solid-state device whose
characteristic on a current versus voltage plot (i.e., with
the current plotted on the Y axis and voltage on the X axis) has
an "N"-shape.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
500 | ... "S"-shape curve on I-V plot (e.g., pnpn diode type, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter including a solid-state device whose
characteristic on a current versus voltage plot (i.e., with
the current plotted on the Y axis and voltage on the X axis) has
an "S"-shape.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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501 | .... Hyperconductive diode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter wherein the solid-state device is a four layer threshold diode, one of whose outer layers is metal and wherein at a predetermined reverse voltage point, junction breakdown occurs to provide high current at very low voltages. | |
502 | .. Breakdown characteristic (e.g., zener diode, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Subject matter wherein the operation of the solid-state
device is characterized by a sudden change from high dynamic electrical
resistance to a very low dynamic resistance in a reverse biased
semiconductor device (e.g., a
reverse biased junction between p-type and n-type semiconductor
materials, wherein reverse current increases rapidly for
a small increase in reverse applied voltage, and the device
behaves as if it had negative electrical resistance).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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503 | .. PIN diode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Subject matter including a two layer region (p and n), two electrode, single junction semiconductor device which has an intrinsic semiconductor (i.e., one with no dopants) sandwiched between a p-type layer, and an n-type layer. | |
504 | .. PN junction diode |
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Subject matter wherein the solid-state device has two regions, two terminals (anode and cathode), a single junction and conducts electricity much more easily in one direction than in the other. | |
505 | ... Inverse parallel connection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 504. Subject matter wherein two diodes are connected across each other, but in opposite directions (i.e., the cathode of one device is joined to the anode of the other device at one common node and vice versa at the other common node). | |
506 | . Three or more electrode electron tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a vacuum or gas filled tube having three or more electrodes in which electrical currents flow between spaced electrodes and in which the conduction of charged particles (e.g., electrons), takes place between the electrodes. | |
507 | . Two electrode electron tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a vacuum or gas filled tube having two electrodes in which electrical currents flow between spaced electrodes, and in which the conduction of charged particles (e.g., electrons), takes place between electrodes. | |
508 | .. Bridge circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 507. Subject matter including four two-electrode electron
tubes with their input and output terminals connected in a closed
loop to form a four arm network.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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509 | EXTERNAL EFFECT: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the operation of the circuit or system
depends upon some externally applied force or field such as radiation, light, heat, sound, mechanical
pressure, etc., or where compensation
for the effects of such externally applied force or field is provided.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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510 | . Magnetic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Subject matter wherein the external effect involves a magnetic
field.
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511 | .. Utilizing Hall effect: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject matter wherein a magnetic field is applied to a
current carrying conductor and use is made of the voltage which
is produced between opposing edges of the conductor and which is
perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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512 | . Temperature: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Subject matter wherein the external effect involves heat
or thermal energy.
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513 | .. With compensation for temperature fluctuations: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter wherein circuit anomalies resulting from
variations in ambient thermal conditions are counterbalanced.
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514 | . Light: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Subject matter wherein the external effect involves energy
of optical wavelengths.
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515 | .. Elements forming an array: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Subject matter wherein plural light effect elements are
arranged into a matrix having defined rows and columns.
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516 | . Utilizing conversion of mechanical variations into electrical variations (e.g., vibration sensitive, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Subject matter wherein an element of a circuit or system
is responsive to the application of physical energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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517 | . Responsive to proximity or touch: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Subject matter wherein the operation of a circuit or system
is modified by the approach of or slight contact with a physical
object.
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518 | WITH PARTICULAR CONTROL: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a controlling means is a nonlinear
device, circuit, or system which specifically
controls the delivery of current or power to a load device connected
to its output terminal in response to a control signal applied to
its input terminal.
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519 | . Plurality of load devices: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter wherein the output of the nonlinear device, circuit, or
system is connected to a multiple of controlled load devices.
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520 | . Plural active components included in a controlling circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter wherein the controlling means is constituted
by a plurality of active components such as transistors, amplifiers, or
space discharge devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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521 | .. Connected in inverse parallel: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Subject matter wherein a pair of active components in the
controlling means circuit are connected side-by-side
in differing directions between two circuit nodes.
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522 | .. Gaseous tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Subject matter wherein the active components include an
electronic tube into which a small amount of gas or vapor is introduced
after the tube has been evacuated.
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523 | . Gaseous tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter wherein the controlling means includes an
electronic tube into which a small amount of gas or vapor is introduced
after the tube has been evacuated.
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524 | SPECIFIC IDENTIFIABLE DEVICE, CIRCUIT, OR SYSTEM: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a nonlinear device, circuit, or
system has a particular structure, arrangement, or
construction that is not classifiable elsewhere.
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525 | . Fusible link or intentional destruct circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein an element burns out or is destroyed (i.e., is
open circuited) in an interconnection or integrated circuit
structure component when applied current or voltage exceeds a predetermined
limit.
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526 | . Redundant: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein there is a duplication of components, devices, circuits, elements, etc., such
that a duplicate will assume operation upon failure of the original.
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527 | . Superconductive (e.g., cryogenic, etc.) device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter including a particular circuit which operates
at temperatures which are approximately absolute zero (i.e., less
than or equal to 30 K) where electrical resistance becomes
essentially zero.
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528 | .. Josephson junction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Subject matter wherein a current flows across a gap between
two superconductors separated by a thin layer of insulator.
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529 | .. Impact ionization: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Subject matter wherein a breakdown can occur within a semiconductor
device as a result of operation at temperatures approaching absolute zero (temperatures
equal to or lower than 30 K).
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530 | . With specific source of supply or bias voltage: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein either (a) a DC
bias potential other than signal voltage is applied or maintained
between two or more electrodes in order to determine the operating
point on the characteristic curve of a device or (b) electrical power
or bias voltage is applied to a region of a nonlinear solid-state
device or circuit.
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531 | .. Fluctuating or AC source with rectifier or filter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein the power supply is converted from
an alternating or fluctuating input voltage or current to a direct
current or voltage via a rectifier circuit or is smoothed or integrated
by a filter circuit.
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532 | ... With particular filter circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Subject matter including a filter circuit with specific
structure.
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533 | ... With battery connected across rectifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Subject matter wherein the conversion is accomplished via
a battery connected across or in shunt with a rectifier.
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534 | .. Having particular substrate biasing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein a potential is applied to a substrate
region of a nonlinear element or solid-state device.
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535 | ... Having stabilized bias or power supply level: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 534. Subject matter wherein the bias or power supply level provided
to the substrate of a nonlinear element or solid-state
device is maintained constant.
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536 | .... Charge pump details: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Subject matter wherein the particular substrate biasing circuit is regulated by a significantly recited electrical circuit arrangement for pumping electric charges (electrons (negative charges) or protons (positive charges)) into or out of the substrate to polarize the substrate at a negative or positive potential which is the generated bias voltage. | |
537 | .... With field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electric field applied to the
semiconductor from a control terminal (gate).
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538 | .. Stabilized (e.g., compensated, regulated, maintained, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein the bias circuit or a particular
arrangement of the power supply offsets undesired changes in the
circuit signals or maintains the circuit in its normal operating state.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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539 | ... Using bandgap: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter wherein a bandgap voltage of a semiconductor
material is provided as a reference to compensate for variations
of the voltage supply.
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540 | ... With voltage source regulating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter wherein a voltage supplied to the electrodes
of a space discharge device or to a solid-state device
is maintained constant at a predetermined value.
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541 | .... With field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electric field applied to the
semiconductor from a control terminal (gate).
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542 | ... With diverse type transistor devices: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter including different types of transistors in the same circuit. | |
543 | ... Using field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes only one type
of transistor which is a unipolar transistor in which current carriers
are injected at a source terminal and pass to a drain terminal through
a channel of semiconductor material whose conductivity depends largely
on an electric field applied to the semiconductor from a control
terminal (gate).
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544 | .. Power conservation or pulse type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein the power supply or bias level is
reduced to conserve power or a power supply is provided for biasing
having a periodic or nonperiodic pulsing type characteristic.
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545 | .. Including signal protection or bias preservation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein a circuit is provided which guards
against signal information loss or bias loss.
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546 | ... With field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 545. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electric field applied to the
semiconductor from a control terminal (gate).
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547 | .. With selectively or alternately DC or AC input: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein a DC or AC power is selectively or
alternately supplied to the input of the circuit device.
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548 | .. With oscillator or interrupter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein the power supply employs an oscillatory
circuit as a source of varying current.
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549 | .. With hum or interaction prevention: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein alternating or hum components in
an output of a power supply are prevented from appearing in the
output system circuit.
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550 | .. With particular filament heating circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein a filament heating circuit with specific
structure provides a current to heat the filament of an electron
space discharge tube.
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551 | . Unwanted signal suppression: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein an undesired signal or group of signals
is diminished and wherein such subject matter is not elsewhere classifiable.
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552 | .. Active filter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 551. Subject matter wherein a specified frequency or a range
of frequencies of an input signal is passed or blocked by the use
of an active device.
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553 | ... Adjustable: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter wherein some component or parameter of a filter circuit (such as filter resistor, filter capacitor, filter time constant, filter amplifier gain, filter input signal, etc.) is changeable in value by a control circuit signal. | |
554 | .... Switched capacitor filter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Subject matter wherein a filter transfer function is determined
by a particular capacitor arrangement which is variable dependent
upon the switched connections controlled by an input clock signal.
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| |||||||||
555 | .... Selective type signal filtering (e.g., from low pass to high pass, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Subject matter wherein different types of signal filtering
are selected by an applied control signal.
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556 | ... Notch or bandreject: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter wherein a circuit arrangement attenuates a very narrow band of frequencies of an input signal, but will pass frequencies on either side (i.e., higher and lower frequencies) of the narrow band. | |
557 | ... Bandpass: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter wherein a circuit arrangement attenuates frequencies on either side of a predetermined range of frequencies of an input signal. | |
558 | ... Lowpass: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter wherein a circuit arrangement allows passage of frequencies of an input signal below a predetermined threshold frequency and blocks passage of frequencies above that threshold. | |
559 | ... Highpass: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter wherein a circuit arrangement allows passage of frequencies of an input signal above a predetermined threshold frequency and blocks passage of frequencies below that threshold. | |
560 | . Nonlinear amplifying circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a non-linear circuit is combined
with an amplifier in which the output is not a substantial replica
of the input (e.g., the output is not linearly proportional to the
input of the circuit).
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| |||
561 | .. With operational amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter wherein a nonlinear circuit is combined with
a stable, high-gain direct coupled amplifier that depends on an
external feedback from the output to the input of the circuit to
determine its functional characteristics (i.e., an operational amplifier).
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562 | ... With field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 561. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electric field applied to the
semiconductor from a control terminal (gate).
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563 | .. With differential amplifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter wherein the non-linear circuit is combined
with an amplifier having two similar input circuits so connected
as to respond to the difference between two voltages (or currents) and
effectively suppress voltages or currents which are alike in the
two signals.
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564 | . Integrated structure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a plurality of circuit elements or
components are formed on or in a single block of semiconductor material.
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565 | .. With specific layout or layout interconnections: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 564. Subject matter including specific design emphasis on the
topological arrangement of the components in the circuit and the
circuit connectors.
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566 | ... Having field-effect transistor device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 565. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electric field applied to the
semiconductor from a control terminal (gate).
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567 | . Thin film: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a conductive, resistive, or capacitive
passive network is deposited under a form of thin patterned layer,
which is less than 5 micrometers in thickness, on a substrate to
form an electronic component that is included in a nonlinear circuit
or acts as a nonlinear element of the circuit.
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568 | . Negative resistance type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein an electron space discharge device
or a solid-state device included in the nonlinear circuit has a
negatively sloped portion in its current-voltage characteristic
plot in which an increase in voltage results in a decrease in current.
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569 | .. Unijunction transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter including a single junction three electrode solid-state device with two of the electrodes being connected to one region and the remaining electrode being connected to another region wherein a signal applied to the latter electrode causes a breakdown across the transistor junction allowing a current to flow between the other two electrodes. | |
570 | .. Having "N"-shape curve on I-V plot (e.g., tunnel diode type, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter including an electron space discharge device
or a solid-state device whose characteristic on a current versus
voltage plot (i.e., with the current plotted on the Y axis and voltage
on the X axis) has an "N"-shape.
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571 | .. Having "S"-shape curve on I-V plot (e.g., pnpn diode type): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter including a solid-state device whose characteristic
on a current versus voltage plot (i.e., with the current plotted
on the Y axis and voltage on the X axis) has an "S"-shape.
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572 | .. Secondary emissive type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter which includes an electron space discharge
device which relies upon the phenomenon of the release of electrons
from a structure which has been impacted by other high-velocity
electrons.
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573 | ... Electron multiplier type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 572. Subject matter wherein the secondary emissive type tube
includes multiple electrodes (i.e., dynodes) which attract electrons
freed from a light sensitive cathode and thereby increase the number
of flowing electrons.
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574 | . Utilizing a three or more electrode solid-state device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein the nonlinear circuit includes at
least one solid-state device with more than two electrodes having
a particularly described feature.
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575 | .. Darlington connection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter wherein a nonlinear circuit includes a connection
of two similar transistors where their collectors are tied together
and the emitter of the first transistor is directly coupled to the
base of the second transistor and the emitter current of the first
transistor equals the base current of the second transistor.
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576 | .. Complementary transistors: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter wherein a nonlinear circuit includes two
transistors that have opposite conductivity (i.e., pnp and npn)
and have matching electrical characteristics.
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577 | .. Multiple emitter transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter wherein a circuit includes a three or more electrode solid-state device which is a junction type bipolar transistor having at least two emitter regions in addition to the base and collector regions. | |
578 | .. Multiple collector transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes a three or more electrode solid-state device which is a junction type bipolar transistor having at least two collector regions in addition to base and emitter regions. | |
579 | .. Minority carrier storage: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter wherein a concentration of minority carriers
occurring at a pn junction of a semiconductor is utilized, increased,
or avoided.
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580 | .. Transistor breakdown device (e.g., avalanche, zener, punch through, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter including a transistor having a threshold voltage above which the applied voltage must rise before a junction breakdown occurs allowing a current to flow across the transistor junction. | |
581 | .. Field-effect transistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electric field applied to the
semiconductor from a control terminal (gate).
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582 | .. Four or more layer device (e.g., silicon-controlled rectifier, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter including a semiconductor device with four
or more alternating layers having different conductivities, for
example a pnpn device.
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583 | . Utilizing two electrode solid-state device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter including a semiconductor device containing two structures that emit or collect electrons or holes, or that control their movements by an applied electrical field. | |
584 | .. Breakdown diode (e.g., zener diode, avalanche diode, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 583. Subject matter including a diode circuit having a threshold voltage above which the applied voltage must rise before the diode junction breaks down allowing current flow across the diode pn junction to rise suddenly. | |
585 | .. Minority carrier storage diode (e.g., enhancement diode, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 583. Subject matter including a diode wherein minority carriers
which accumulate at the junction when the diode is forward biased
are suddenly swept away after the back biasing increases to a certain
point.
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586 | .. Capacitive diode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 583. Subject matter including a voltage responsive diode whose
capacitance varies as a result of changes in the space charge at
the pn junction.
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587 | .. Bridge circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 583. Subject matter including four two-electrode solid-state
devices with their input and output terminals connected in a closed
loop to form a four arm network.
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588 | . With bridge circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter including a circuit wherein four electrical
elements have their input and output terminals connected in a closed
loop to form a four arm network.
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589 | . With bootstrap circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter which achieves enhanced circuit linearity
generally by a particular signal boost feedback structure.
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590 | . With particular feedback: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein energy is transferred from the output
of the circuit device to an input thereof.
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591 | . Tube performs plural functions: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a nonlinear circuit device includes
an electron tube which performs at least two independent operations either
simultaneously or selectively.
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592 | . With oscillation prevention: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit prevents undesired
oscillation or ringing.
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593 | . With distributed parameter circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit is of the distributed
network type, the capacitance, inductance and resistance of which
cannot be isolated into separate lumped capacitors, inductors, or
resistors and wherein the time factor of propagation of wave energy
in the network is appreciable.
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594 | . With particular coupling or decoupling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes an
electrical interaction between a source and an input to the system,
between the output of a first electrical device and the input of
another such device, or between the input of the system and the
output of the system.
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595 | . With particular connecting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes a network
in which there exists a path, composed of branches of the network,
between every pair of terminals of the network.
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596 | . Including oscillatory or shock-excited circuit: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes a circuit
capable of maintaining sustained oscillations or a resonant circuit
capable of oscillating freely upon having an impulse of energy applied
thereto.
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597 | . With particular grid control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes an
impedance network which is provided in the input circuit of a control
grid of an electron space discharge tube whereby the conductive
state of the tube depends upon the state of the impedance network.
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598 | . With particular tube structure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes a space
discharge device of special tube construction or electrode arrangement.
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599 | .. Vacuum tube type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes a space discharge device which consists of electrodes in an evacuated tube. | |
600 | ... Beam tube structure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 599. Subject matter including a space discharge device which
contains and controls a narrow electron stream.
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601 | .. Gas tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes a space discharge device which consists of electrodes in a gas filled envelope or tube. | |
602 | ... With particular electrode arrangement: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Subject matter wherein a gaseous discharge tube device includes
a particular electrode configuration.
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603 | MISCELLANEOUS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter not provided for in any of the preceding subclasses. | |
FOR000 | CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |