*****TBD*****

CLASS 320, ELECTRICITY: BATTERY OR CAPACITOR CHARGING OR DISCHARGING

100	PRIMARY CELL DEPOLARIZATION:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for lowering the resistance of a primary cell by addition of electrical energy sufficient to remove a polarized coating from an electrode of the cell or battery.

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429,	Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product and Process, subclass 52 for activation of an inactive cell and subclasses 96 through 100 for cell support for a removable cell.

101	WIND, SOLAR, THERMAL, OR FUEL-CELL SOURCE:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a charging source having means for deriving electrical energy from weather-related air flow, light energy, heat, or from an electrochemical generator in which chemical energy from the reaction of air or oxygen and a fuel (e.g., hydrocarbons, etc.) is converted directly into electricity.

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138,	for plural or alternate sources for charging.
139,	for pulse-controlled charging.

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136,	Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, subclasses 291+ for applications of photoelectric.
323,	Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, subclass 906 for solar cell systems.

102	. With shuntless charging source control:

This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter including means for regulating only the flow of charging current in series between the charging source and the load (i.e., the means for regulating is absent any means to bypass charging current around the load).

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128,	for battery charging and discharging.

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136,	Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, subclasses 291+ for applications of photoelectric batteries.
307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclasses 46 , 64, and 66 for batteries being used as emergency sources.
323,	Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, subclass 906 for solar cell systems.

103	ONE CELL OR BATTERY CHARGES ANOTHER:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the charging source for charging a first cell or battery includes a second cell or battery.

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107,	for the structure of the battery charger.

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307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclasses 46 , 64, and 66 for batteries being used as substitute sources.

104	. Vehicle battery charging:

This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the type of battery to be charged, wherein said battery is intended for use with a conveying device (e.g., automobile, etc.).

(1) Note. Commonly, the battery being charged is six volts or a multiple thereof.

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116,	for batteries connected in series.
139+,	for pulse control during battery charging.

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307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclasses 149+ for miscellaneous systems which include power packs.

105	.. Employing "jumper" cable:

This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter wherein use is made of a charging circuit between the first battery and the second battery that includes a pair of conductors, each of which includes an end connector (e.g., alligator clip, etc.) adapted to be removably connected to a vehicle battery terminal to supply charging current thereto, the pair of conductors being commonly referred to as "jumper cables."

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107,	for the structure of the battery charger.

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191,	Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, subclass 12.4 for flexible extensions with a connector plug or receptacle.
307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclasses 10.1+ for battery protection in vehicle mounted systems..
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 636.1 through 636.21for a condition responsive indicating system for a battery.
439,	Electrical Connectors, subclass 504 for a connector with a flaccid conductor and with an additional connector spaced there along adapted to connect a battery and subclass 624 for plural contacts at the end of a cable having sheath enclosing insulated conductors.

106	MEANS TO IDENTIFY CELL OR BATTERY TYPE:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a sensor for determining or recognizing the general attributes of a cell or battery to be charged (e.g., rechargeable vs. nonrechargeable, chemical makeup, charge capacity, etc.).

(1) Note. This subclass provides for determining battery size by means other than merely ascertaining whether the battery physically fits a charging structure aperture shape or cell holder size.

(2) Note. The identifying means of this subclass enables a charging system to proceed with charging or for preventing such an attempt where, for example, the charging system determines that the cell or battery is not of a compatible type to be charged by the charging system.

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110,	for the structure of a battery charger which will accept different size batteries merely by how the battery physically fits the charger structure.
125,	for diverse charging or discharging rates for plural batteries.
138,	for plural or alternate sources.

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429,	Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product and Process, subclass 1 for a battery with a nonbattery electrical component electrically connected within the cell casing other than testing or indicating components, subclass 9 for diverse cells in a support means and subclass 99 for support for plural cells.
455,	Telecommunications, subclass 89 for portable transmitter and receiver.

107	CELL OR BATTERY CHARGER STRUCTURE:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including battery charger mechanical arrangement or design.

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429,	Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product and Process, subclass 52 for activation of an inactive cell and subclasses 99 through 100 for support for a plurality of cells and the support itself.

108	. Charger inductively coupled to cell or battery:

This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter wherein the charging circuit includes a transformer to transfer electrical energy between the charging source and the load to be charged (e.g., with the primary winding of the transformer connected to the charging source and the secondary winding of the transformer connected to the battery).

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109,	for charging station for electric vehicles.
139,	for pulse control battery charging.

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336,	Inductor Devices, Dig. 2 for separable inductor devices.

109	. Charging station for electrically powered vehicle:

This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter including charging structure constructed and arranged to charge a battery of the type constructed and intended to provide electrical energy for a vehicle having an electrodynamic prime mover, whether or not the battery is mounted in the vehicle or removed therefrom.

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104,	Railways, subclass 34 for vehicle battery replacer.
180,	Motor Vehicles, subclass 65.1 for electric motor vehicles.
191,	Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, subclasses 2+ for systems of distributions.
307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclasses 10.1+ for vehicle mounted systems in an automobile.
414,	Material or Article Handling, subclasses 281+ for charging or discharging means including elevating devices.

110	. For diverse sizes of cells, batteries, or battery packs:

This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter including means structurally adapted to accommodate -- or structurally adaptable or rearrangeable to accommodate -- for charging purposes, cells, batteries, or assemblages of plural batteries (i.e., battery packs) having different physical dimensions.

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106,	for a battery characteristic determined for other than aperture shape or cell holder size of the battery charger, or for other battery-type determinations other than physical size.
113,	for a battery pack with a charger stand or base.
125,	for diverse charging or discharging rates for plural batteries or cells, without charger structure.

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429,	Chemistry: Electrical current Producing Apparatus, Product and Process, subclasses 99 through 100for support for a plurality of cells and the support itself.
455,	Telecommunications, subclasses 89 through 90for portable transmitter and receiver and the housing for the transmitter and receiver, respectively.

111	. Having plug for A-C receptacle:

This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter wherein the charger structure includes a male connector constructed and arranged to connect to a conventional household alternating-current outlet jack.

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219,	Electrical Heating, subclass 225 for a tool or instrument with heated clamp means.
362,	Illumination, subclass 183 for a container for a rechargeable electrical source with external connections.

112	. For battery pack:

This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter wherein the charger structure is constructed and arranged to charge or discharge an assemblage of plural batteries.

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362,	Illumination, subclass 183 for a container for a rechargeable electrical source with external connections.
429,	Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product and Process, subclasses 96+ for cell support for a removable cell.
455,	Telecommunications, subclass 573 for battery charging in a radiotelephone.

113	.. With charger stand or base adapted to hold battery pack:

This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter further including a supporting structure for the charger structure, said supporting structure having further means for supporting the battery pack during charging.

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362,	Illumination, subclass 183 for a container for a rechargeable electrical source with external connections.
429,	Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product and Process, subclasses 96+ for cell support for a removable cell.

114	. For handheld device:

This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter including means constructed and arranged to charge a battery or cell in a handheld device.

(1) Note. The means constructed to charge a battery may be integral with the handheld device.

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15,	Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, Dig. 1 for rechargeable devices.
30,	Cutlery, Dig. 1 for rechargeable cutting devices.
310,	Electric Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 50 for a dynamoelectric portable or hand tool.
362,	Illumination, subclass 183 for a container (e.g., flashlight, etc.) for a rechargeable electrical source with external connections.
455,	Telecommunications, subclass 573 for battery charging in a radiotelephone.

115	.. With charger stand or base:

This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter further including a supporting structure for the charger structure, said supporting structure having further means for supporting the battery pack during charging.

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15,	Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, Dig. 1 for rechargeable devices.
30,	Cutlery, Dig. 1 for rechargeable cutting devices.
310,	Electric Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 50 for a dynamoelectric portable or hand tool.
362,	Illumination, subclass 183 for a container (e.g., flashlight, etc.) for a rechargeable electrical source with external connections.

116	SERIALLY CONNECTED BATTERIES OR CELLS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein plural individual cells or batteries are recited as being electrically attached to each other in succession or end-to-end relationship such that a single path is provided for flow of current.

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124,	for sequential charging or sequential discharging of batteries or cells.

117	. Switchable to parallel connection:

This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter wherein the plural individual batteries or cells are recited as being switchable between a series-connected relationship and a parallel-connected relationship.

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307,

Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclass 10.1 for vehicle mounted systems for an automobile, subclass 48 for storage battery or accumulator-type source, subclass 66 for a storage battery or accumulator being used as a substitute or emergency source, and subclass 71 for series-parallel connections of sources.

118	. With discharge of cells or batteries:

This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter wherein electrical energy is released from the series-connected cells or batteries.

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124,	for sequential charging or sequential discharging of batteries.
127,	for battery discharging or battery discharging and charging.

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307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclass 66 for a storage battery or accumulator being used as a substitute or emergency source.

119	. With individual charging of plural batteries or cells:

This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter wherein each one of plural serially-connected batteries or cells is separately charged by use of multiple charging circuits.

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122,	for bypassing certain cells, usually those fully charged, while charging a plural cell battery.
125,	for diverse charging or discharging rates for plural batteries or cells.
124,	for sequential charging or sequential discharging of batteries or cells.
128+,	for battery discharging and charging.

120	. Having variable number of cells or batteries in series:

This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter wherein the total quantity of individual cells or batteries connected in series is changeable.

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307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclass 36 for serially connected load circuits and subclass 41 for sequential or alternating connections of load circuits.

121	.. Switchable cells (e.g., for voltage regulation, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter including means for switching a cell or cells into or out of serially-connected relationship with another cell or cells.

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135,	for battery discharging with the regulation of the output.

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307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclass 41 for sequential or alternation connections of load circuits.

122	.. Bypassable battery cell:

This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter including means for shunting charging current away from an individual cell in a plurality of serially-connected cells to another cell or cells when the individual cell is fully charged.

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119,	for charging series connected cells or batteries individually and independently using multiple charging lines.

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307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclasses 48+ for storage battery or accumulator-type source, subclass 53 for load current division, and subclass 77 for series connected sources.
361,	Electricity, Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 54+ for load shunting by fault responsive means.

123	. With generator charging source:

This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter wherein a means for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy is employed as a charging source for the serially-connected cells or batteries.

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138,	for plural or alternate source for battery charging.
139,	for pulse control battery charging.

124	SEQUENTIAL CHARGING OR DISCHARGING OF BATTERIES OR CELLS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including successive charging or discharging of plural batteries or cells.

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119,	for charging individual cells in series.
128+,	for battery discharging and charging.

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307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclasses 64 and 66 for substitute or emergency sources.

125	DIVERSE CHARGING OR DISCHARGING RATES FOR PLURAL BATTERIES:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including the addition (or release) of electrical energy from multiple batteries at different energy flow per unit time.

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122,	for collectively charging series-connected cells while bypassing a fully charged cell.
160,	for multi-rate charging.

126	PARALLEL CONNECTED BATTERIES:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the positive and negative terminals of each of a plurality of batteries to be charged or discharged are electrically connected, respectively, to the positive and negative terminals of the other batteries.

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124,	for sequential charging or discharging of batteries or cells connected in parallel.

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307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclass 56 for load current control of diverse sources and subclass 66 for accumulator substitute sources.

127	BATTERY OR CELL DISCHARGING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including the release of stored energy from a battery or cell.

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324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 426+ for using a battery testing device.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 636.1 through 636.21for a condition responsive indicating system for a battery.

128	. With charging:

This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Battery or cell discharging further including addition of electrical energy into the battery or cell sufficient to increase the chemical energy of the battery or cell.

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135+,

for battery discharging with regulation of the output.

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307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclass 66 for a battery or accumulator employed as a substitute or emergency source.

129	.. Pulsed discharge:

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter wherein a momentary burst (i.e., pulse)of stored energy is removed from a battery or cell during the charging thereof (e.g., as in a discharge pulse between charging pulses).

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139+,	for pulse control during charging.
164+,	for time control of charging.

130	.. Cycling (e.g., discharge/charge cycle, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter wherein the battery or cell is repeatedly fully discharged prior to full recharging.

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164+,

for time control of charging.

131	... Deep discharge (e.g., conditioning, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein all, or substantially all, of the stored energy in a battery or cell is removed from the battery or cell in the discharge portion of the cycle (e.g., to condition the battery or cell for charging, etc.).

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324,	Electricity, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 426+ for using a battery testing device.

132	... With state-of-charge detection:

This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein the quantity of energy stored in the battery or cell is determined within the discharge/charge cycle.

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149,	for detecting the integral of current or voltage to determine the total charge.

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324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 426+ for using a battery testing device.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 636.1 through 636.21for battery condition indication.

133	... Time control:

This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter including means for regulating an interval of charging or discharging.

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155+,

for time control of charging.

134	.. With battery or cell condition monitoring (e.g., for protection from overcharging, heating, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter wherein a physical characteristic (e.g., state of charge, temperature, etc.) of a battery or cell is determined during charging or discharging thereof.

(1) Note. Battery or cell monitoring is common to prevent degradation or destruction of the battery or cell during charging or discharging (e.g., due to deep discharge, etc.).

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149,	for detecting the integral of current or voltage to determine the total charge.
155,	for detecting the differential of the voltage or current.

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324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 426+ for using a battery testing device.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 636.1 through 636.21for a condition responsive indicating system for a battery.

135	. Regulated discharging:

This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter including means for controlling the release of stored energy from a battery or cell.

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361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass 92 for safety and protection of systems and devices against under voltage.

136	.. With battery or cell condition monitoring (e.g., for protection from overcharging, heating, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein a physical characteristic (e.g., state of charge, temperature, etc.) of a battery or cell is determined during discharge thereof.

(1) Note. Battery or cell monitoring is common to prevent degradation or destruction of the battery or cell during charging or discharging (e.g., due to deep discharge, etc.).

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324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 426+ for using a battery testing device.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 636.1 through 636.21for a condition responsive indicating system for a battery.

137	BATTERY OR CELL CHARGING:

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to add electrical energy into a battery or cell sufficient to increase the useful and available chemical energy stored therein.

138	. Plural charging sources:

This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter including means to enable use of two or more diverse charging sources, or means for selectively enabling one or more diverse charging sources to add electrical energy into a battery or cell.

(1) Note. This feature would commonly be used to, for example, allow a charger to have the flexibility to use charging sources of different voltages, current (i.e., AC or DC), or availability for use, etc.

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307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclasses 44+ for one source compensating for another source.

139	. Pulsed:

This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter wherein the electrical energy is added in a series of current bursts (i.e., pulses).

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155+,	for time control.
162+,	for amplitude of current or voltage detected.

140	.. With DC-DC converter (e.g., flyback supply, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter including detailed structure of means for creating direct-current pulses from a direct-current supply.

(1) Note. The direct-current supply may in turn be derived from a rectified alternating current source.

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157,	for peak of current or voltage detected without pulse control.

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363,	Electrical Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 15+ for current conversion including DC-AC-DC converter.

141	.. Pulse modulation:

This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter including means for actively varying a characteristic (e.g., width, amplitude, duty cycle, etc.) of the pulses.

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162+,

for detecting the amplitude of current or voltage.

142	... Phase controlled:

This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter including means for switching the pulses on and off based upon the phase of an alternating current source utilized to supply energy for the pulses (e.g., using silicon controlled rectifiers, etc.).

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150,	for thermal condition detected.

143	.... With voltage compensation:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter further including means to adjust the phase control (e.g., SCR conduction, etc.) based upon the voltage of a battery or cell being charged.

144	..... And temperature compensation:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter further including means to adjust the phase control (e.g., SC conduction, etc.) based upon the temperature of a battery or cell being charged.

145	... Pulse-width modulation:

This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein the pulse characteristic varied is the time duration of the pulses.

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148,	for peak of current or voltage detected.
150+,	for thermal condition detected.
155+,	for time control.
162+,	for amplitude of current or voltage detected.

146	.. Hysteresis type (e.g., antichattering, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter including control means for starting and stoppingcharging (or changing the rate of charging) of a battery or cell at, respectively, different battery or cell voltage levels.

(1) Note. Typically, a battery-voltage control "window" is used to prevent instability or oscillation in a charger on/off cycle or a fast charge/trickle charge cycle.

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162+,

for amplitude or voltage detected.

147	. Gas controlled:

This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter including means for varying the rate of charging based upon the rate or amount of gas evolution in a battery or cell during charging.

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429,	Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process, subclass 58 for a sealed cell having gas prevention or elimination means and subclasses 61+ for control means responsive to battery condition sensing means.

148	. With peak detection of current or voltage (e.g., delta-V or delta-I utilized, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter wherein the peak magnitude of charging current or battery or cell voltage is determined during charging to indicate when a state of full charge of the battery or cell is reached.

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155+,	for time control charging.
160+,	for multi-rate charging.

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327,	Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclass for signal discriminating, per se, based upon signal waveshape, amplitude, etc.

149	. With detection of current or voltage integral (e.g., total charge, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter wherein the integrated magnitude of charging current or battery or cell voltage is determined during charging to determine the state of charge of the battery or cell.

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155+,	for time control charging.
160,	for multi-rate charging.

150	. With thermal condition detection:

This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter means to determine, or means responsive to, the temperature of a battery or cell during charging.

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154,	for employment of a thermal switch, such as a thermostat.
160,	for multi-rate charging.

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429,	Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process, subclasses 61 and 62 for control means responsive to battery condition sensing means including temperature control.

151	.. Detection of current or voltage differential (e.g., slope, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter including means to determine the time-rate-of-change of the magnitude of charging current or battery or cell voltage to determine the state of charge of the battery or cell.

152	.. Detection of current or voltage amplitude:

This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter including means to measure the magnitude of charging current or the battery or cell voltage to determine the state-of-charge of the battery or cell.

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157+,	for amplitude of voltage or current detection combined with time control.
160,	for multi-rate charging.
162,	for amplitude of current or voltage detection.

153	... Temperature compensation:

This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter including means to vary a parameter of charging in response to detected temperature.

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323,	Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, subclass 907 for temperature compensation of a semiconductor.

154	.. Thermal switch (e.g., thermostat, bimetallic switch, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter wherein the means to detect temperature includes a heat-actuated switch.

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429,	Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process, subclasses 61 and 62 for control means responsive to battery condition sensing means.

155	. Time control:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter means to regulate charging based upon a predetermined period of time.

156	.. Detection of current or voltage differential (e.g., slope, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter including means to determine the time-rate-of-change of the magnitude of charging current or battery or cell voltage.

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151,	for differentiating the detected charging current or voltage to determine the state of charge in addition to detecting the thermal condition.
160,	for multi-rate charging.

157	.. Detection of current or voltage amplitude:

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter including means to measure the magnitude of charging current or the battery or cell voltage to determine the state-of-charge of the battery or cell.

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152,	for detecting the amplitude of the current or voltage in addition to detecting the thermal condition.
160,	for multi-rate charging without time control.

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307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclass 116 for condition responsive switching systems and subclass 141 for switch actuation with time delay or retardation means.

158	... Having solid-state control device:

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein the means to regulate charging includes a semiconductor control element.

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160,	for multi-rate charging without time control.

159	.... Detection of current and voltage amplitude:

This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter including means to measure the magnitude of charging current and the magnitude of battery or cell voltage to determine the state-of-charge of the battery or cell.

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160,	for detection of current and voltage in multi-rate charging without time control.

160	. Multi-rate charging (e.g., plural charge rates before a maintenance charge, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter wherein the quantity of energy added per unit time (i.e., charge rate) is changed to another charge rate during a charge to rated capacity.

(1) Note. The change of charge rate, for purposes of placement in this subclass, does not include a change of rates from a charging to rated capacity and a rate employed only for keeping a battery or cell in a fully charged condition.

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162+,

for detection of current or voltage amplitude.

161	. With detection of current or voltage differential (e.g., slope, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter including means to determine the time-rate-of-change of the magnitude of charging current or battery or cell voltage to determine the state-of-charge of the battery or cell.

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151,	for differential of current or voltage detection in addition to thermal condition detection.
156,	for differential of current or voltage detection in addition to time control.

162	. With detection of current or voltage amplitude:

This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter including means to measure the magnitude of charging current or the battery or cell voltage.

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152,	for detecting the amplitude of the current or voltage in addition to detecting the thermal condition.
157,	for detecting the amplitude of the current or voltage in addition to having time control.

163	.. Having solid-state control device:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter including a semiconductor regulating element.

164	... Detection of current and voltage amplitude:

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter including means to measure the magnitude of charging current and the magnitude of battery or cell voltage.

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159,	for detecting the amplitude of both current and voltage in addition to time control.

165	. With current sensing to detect proper battery connection (e.g., polarity, ripple, reverse current, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter for sensing the current to detect a proper battery connection.

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324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 133 for nonquantitative measuring, testing, or sensing of electricity (i.e., polarity tester).
361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 245+ for polarity reversing, manual and automatic.

166	CAPACITOR CHARGING OR DISCHARGING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for increasing or decreasing the amount of stored electrical energy in a capacitor.

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307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclasses 109+ for charging and discharging capacitors.
363,	Electrical Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 59+ for current conversion with voltage multiplication means.

167	. For large capacitance (e.g., "super" capacitor, memory backup capacitor, etc.):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter for charging or discharging a capacitor which, via a high-capacity storage characteristic (e.g., on the order of a Farad, etc.), has utility as a battery or cell in terms of energy storage.

FOR000

CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS

	This subclass has no definition.

FOR 100

CONDENSER CHARGING AND/OR DISCHARGING:

	Foreign art collection for condenser charging and/or discharging.

FOR 101

BATTERY CHARGING AND/OR DISCHARGING:

	Foreign art collection for battery charging and/or discharging.

FOR 102

. Including dry cells or primary batteries:

	Foreign art collection in which the battery is of the primary type; i.e., battery of the type which produces electric energy as a result of electrochemical action, which action, is not efficiently reversible and, hence, the battery when discharged cannot be efficiently recharged by electric current.

FOR 103

.. "Recharging", depolarizing and/or reconditioning:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for passing an electric current through the primary battery to thereby improve its ability and/or its operation as a source of voltage or current.

FOR 104

. Combined charging and discharging:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for both charging and discharging.

FOR 105

.. Plural, diversely treated batteries:

Foreign art collection in which there are two or more batteries, structurally dependent or independent, and (a) in which means operate to treat at least one battery differently (with respect to time, mode or character, of treatment) than at least one other battery, or (b) in which any battery has a circuit controlling element not included in the circuit of another battery, or (c) in which all batteries are treated in one relationship at one time and all are treated in another relationship at another time.

FOR 106

... Series-parallel connections thereof:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for connecting the batteries in series, with respect to one another, at one time and in parallel at another time, or for connecting some in series and others in parallel at the same time.

FOR 107

... Transposition between charging and discharging circuits:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided (a) for effectively removing one or more batteries from a charging circuit and placing the same in a discharging circuit, (b) for effectively removing one or more other batteries from a discharging circuit and placing the same in a charging circuit, (c) or both.

FOR 108

.. Combined regulation of charging source or circuit and discharging circuit:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for regulating both (a) the charging circuit or charging source, and (b) the discharging circuit, simultaneously or otherwise.

FOR 109

.. Charging source and/or circuit controlled by discharging circuit:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for controlling the charging source and/or the charging circuit as a result of the operating of, or conditions in, the discharging circuit.

FOR 110

... Starting and/or stopping of battery charging:

	Foreign art collection in which means operate to start and/or stop battery charging.

FOR 111

... Charging generator control:

	Foreign art collection in which means operate to control the charging generator.

FOR 112

.. Discharging circuit regulation:

	Foreign art collection in which there are means which effect regulation of the discharging circuit.

FOR 113

.. Alternately charging and discharging:

	Foreign art collection in which there are means which effect alternate (never simultaneous) charging and discharging.

FOR 114

. Plural, diversely treated, batteries:

Foreign art collection in which there are two or more batteries, structurally dependent or independent, and (a) in which means operate to treat at least one battery differently (with respect to time, mode, or character, of treatment) than at least one battery and/or (b) in which any battery has a circuit controlling element not included in the circuit of another battery, and/or in which all of the batteries are connected in one relationship at one time and all are connected in another relationship at another time.

FOR 115

.. Series-parallel connections thereof:

	Foreign art collection in which means operate to connect the batteries in series, relative to each other, at one time and to connect them in parallel at another time, or to connect some of the batteries in series and others in parallel at the same time.

FOR 116

.. Series-connected batteries:

	Foreign art collection in which means operate to connect the batteries so that the current which passes through one battery also passes, in whole or in part, through each of the other batteries connected in the circuit; while at no time can the current divide so that part passes through one battery and another part of the current passes through another battery.

FOR 117

... Variable number in series:

	Foreign art collection in which means operate to vary the number of batteries which are connected in series.

FOR 118

.. Periodic or intermittent charging or discharging:

	Foreign art collection in which means operate to charge or discharge the batteries at successive intervals, said intervals being spaced by other intervals during which the battery current is substantially zero.

FOR 119

. High-rate, short-time charging systems:

	Foreign art collection in which means operate to charge a battery at a high rate in a short period of time.

FOR 120

. Periodic or intermittent charging or discharging:

	Foreign art collection in which means operate to charge or discharge a battery at successive intervals of time, said intervals being spaced by other intervals during which the battery current is substantially zero.

FOR 121

. Plural rates of charging or discharging:

	Foreign art collection in which means operate to either charge or discharge the battery at two or more rates other than zero.

FOR 122

.. Decreasing rates of charging:

	Foreign art collection in which means operate to reduce the rate of charging.

FOR 123

... Three or more rates:

	Foreign art collection in which means operate to effect three or more rates of charging other than zero rate.

FOR 124

. With polarity control:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided to control the polarity of (a) the charging source and/or charging circuit relative to the battery, or (b) the battery relative to the discharging circuit and/or the load device.

FOR 125

.. By means of reversing switches:

	Foreign art collection in which reversing switches control the polarity.

FOR 126

. Combined control of source and charging circuit:

	Foreign art collection in which there are means for controlling the charging source and additional means for controlling the circuit extending from the source to the battery.

FOR 127

.. Including charging circuit-making and/or breaking:

	Foreign art collection in which the means for controlling the circuit extending from the source to the battery make and/or break the said circuit.

FOR 128

. Combined circuit regulation and circuit-making and/or breaking:

	Foreign art collection in which the means operate both (a) to regulate and (b) to make or break either the charging circuit or the discharging circuit.

FOR 129

. Control responsive to predetermined conditions:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for sensing a predetermined cause or condition (e.g., temperature, time, voltage, et cetera) which sensing means in turn initiate operation of additional means which perform some control function.

FOR 130

.. Plural, diverse conditions and/or with time-delay means:

	Foreign art collection in which (1) means are provided for sensing two or more different predetermined conditions and/or (2) means are provided for sensing a predetermined condition and there is also provided means for a predetermined length of time after the sensing means respond to the predetermined condition.

FOR 131

... Including voltage and current magnitudes:

	Foreign art collection in which the sensing means will respond to both voltage and current magnitudes.

FOR 132

.... For battery circuit-making and/or breaking:

	Foreign art collection in which the control means operate to make and/or break the charging circuit or the discharging circuit.

FOR 133

... For battery circuit-making and/or breaking:

	Foreign art collection in which at least one of the control means operates to make and/or break the charging circuit or the discharging circuit.

FOR 134

.. Thermal condition:

	Foreign art collection in which the sensing means respond to temperature changes at any place.

FOR 135

... For battery circuit-making and/or breaking:

	Foreign art collection in which the control means operate to make and/or break either the charging circuit or the discharging circuit.

FOR 136

.. Instant of, or period of time:

	Foreign art collection in which the sensing means respond upon the occurrence of a predetermined instant of time (e.g., 8:30 A.M., 5:00 P.M., et cetera), or upon the passage of a predetermined period of time (e.g., 10 sec., 8 hrs., et cetera).

FOR 137

... For battery circuit-making and/or breaking:

	Foreign art collection in which the control means operate to make and/or break either the charging circuit or the discharging circuit.

FOR 138

.. Voltage or current magnitude:

	Foreign art collection in which the sensing means are responsive to a predetermined voltage magnitude or a predetermined current magnitude in any circuit.

FOR 139

... For battery circuit-making and/or breaking:

	Foreign art collection in which the control means operate to make and/or break either the charging circuit or the discharging circuit.

FOR 140

.. Speed or centrifugal forces:

	Foreign art collection in which the sensing means respond to the linear or angular velocity of any body.

FOR 141

... For battery circuit-making and/or breaking:

	Foreign art collection in which the control means operate to make and/or break either the charging circuit or the discharging circuit.

FOR 142

.. Condition of battery charge:

	Foreign art collection in which the sensing means operate in response to the state or degree of battery change.

FOR 143

... Control by ampere-hour or watt-hour type of device:

	Foreign art collection in which the sensing means include an ampere-hour or a watt-hour type of device, which device is so connected as to measure the energy input or the energy output of the battery being charged or discharged.

FOR 144

.... For battery circuit-making and/or breaking:

	Foreign art collection in which the control means operate to make and/or break either the charging circuit or the discharging circuit.

FOR 145

... Control by gas pressure-responsive means:

	Foreign art collection in which the sensing means include a pressure responsive device which is so connected as to respond to the pressure generated by the gas liberated by a battery being charged or discharged.

FOR 146

.. For battery circuit-making and/or breaking:

	Foreign art collection in which the control means operate to make and/or break either the charging circuit or the discharging circuit.

FOR 147

. With indicating, signaling and/or testing means:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided to indicate, signal, measure, and/or test a result, condition, or circumstance immediately associated with the battery, its charging source or circuit, or its discharging circuit or load device.

FOR 148

. Battery circuit control:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for controlling either the charging circuit or the discharging circuit.

FOR 149

.. With bucking and/or boosting e.m.f. in charging circuit:

	Foreign art collection in which there are two or more sources of e.m.f., simultaneously connected in series, relative to each other, in the charging circuit, in bucking and/or boosting relationship.

FOR 150

.. By impedance in charging or discharging circuit:

	Foreign art collection in which an impedance is connected in the battery circuit.

FOR 151

... Pressure-responsive type of impedance:

	Foreign art collection in which the impedance is of the type in which the impedance to the flow of electric current therethrough varies with change in physical pressure applied thereto, and in which means are provided for applying a variable physical pressure to the impedance.

FOR 152

.. Unidirectionally conductive devices in battery circuit:

	Foreign art collection in which a unidirectionally conductive means is connected in series with the charging or the discharging circuit, said conductive means offering appreciably more impedance to the flow of current therethrough in one direction than in the other.

FOR 153

.. Battery circuit-making and/or breaking:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for substantially establishing and/or interrupting the conductivity of the battery circuit by relative physical movement of electrically conductive element into and out of physical contact with each other.

FOR 154

... Plural circuit makers and/or breakers:

	Foreign art collection in which two or more means are provided for establishing and/or interrupting the battery circuit in two or more places.

FOR 155

. Plural, diverse or diversely treated sources of supply for charging:

Foreign art collection in which (a) two or more sources of supply of different kinds are provided in the charging circuit even though they receive the same character of treatment or (b) two or more sources of supply of either the same or different kinds are provided in the charging circuit where one or more of such sources are treated differently (with respect to time, mode or character of treatment) than one or more others of such sources.

FOR 156

. Rectifying systems for battery charging:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for receiving electric energy of alternating polarity, converting it into electrical energy of unidirectional polarity and delivering it to a battery charging circuit.

FOR 157

.. Dynamoelectric-type rectifier:

Foreign art collection in which the rectifying means are of the type which includes (a) an electric conductor, (b) means for producing magnetic lines of force, (c) means for producing relative motion between the conductor and the lines of force in a direction which extends at an angle to the lines of force, and (d) means for collecting and/or conducting current from the conductor to the battery charging circuit.

FOR 158

.. Undirectionally conductive-type rectifier:

	Foreign art collection in which the rectifying means include conductive means connected to the charging circuit, which conductive means offer appreciably less impedance to the flow of current therethrough in one direction than in the other direction.

FOR 159

... Space-discharge devices:

	Foreign art collection in which the unidirectionally conductive type of rectifier includes devices having electrodes spaced apart in a gaseous or a vacuous medium and between which electrodes the electric current being rectified can be caused to flow.

FOR 160

. Generation systems for battery charging:

	Foreign art collection in which the source of supply for charging a battery comprises means for converting nonelectric energy into electric energy and for supplying the electric energy to the charging circuit.

FOR 161

.. Physical starting and/or stopping of generator:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for physically starting and/or stopping the charging generator.

FOR 162

... Generator used as starting means:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for connecting the generator to a source of electric energy to start the motive power means which are used to drive the generator during charging operation.

FOR 163

.. Generator field-winding circuit control:

	Foreign art collection in which the generator is of the type which comprises an armature or induced conductor, winding means for producing a magnetic field of force, and means for producing relative movement between the conductor and the field of force, and in which means are provided for controlling the circuit of the field producing winding.

FOR 164

... Plural, diversely treated field windings:

	Foreign art collection in which the means for controlling the circuit of the field winding comprise another magnetic flux producing winding; said last named winding being operated or treated differently with respect to time, manner or electrical connection, or degree of control thereover, than the first named winding means.

FOR 165

.... Differentially related:

	Foreign art collection in which one or more of the field windings are connected or energized so as to produce a magnetomotive force which opposes the magnetomotive force of one or more of the other field windings.

FOR 166

... Auxiliary source or field circuit e.m.f.:

	Foreign art collection in which two or more sources of e.m.f., are connected in series with each other and with the field producing winding.

FOR 167

... Field-winding circuit impedance:

	Foreign art collection in which the means for controlling the circuit of the field-producing winding comprise an impedance connected in the circuit.

FOR 168

.... Step short-circuited type:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for short-circuiting the impedance, in whole or in part, by conducting means of negligible resistance which operate to short circuit the entire impedance in one step, or parts of the impedance in one or more major steps, i.e., without passing through intermediate and infinitesimal values of said impedance.

FOR 169

.... Pressure-responsive type of impedance:

	Foreign art collection in which the impedance is of the type in which the resistance to the flow of current therethrough varies with change in physical pressure applied thereto, and in which means are provided for applying a variable physical pressure to the impedance.

FOR 170

.. Armature or generating circuit shorted or grounded:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for substantially short-circuiting or grounding the terminals of the armature or generating conductors of the generator.

FOR 171

.. Generator structure control:

	Foreign art collection in which means are provided for controlling the structure of the generator.

DIG10

NONBATTERY LOAD CONTROLS CHARGING

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG11

PRIORITIZED SUPPLY OF POWER OR POWER SUPPLY COMPENSATION

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG12

PRECHARGING ANALYSIS (E.G., DETERMINING PRESENCE OF BATTERY, ETC.)

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG13

FAULT DETECTION

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG14

BATTERY ACTS AS BUFFER

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG15

POLARITY CONTROL

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG16

REMOVAL OF MEMORY EFFECT IN BATTERIES

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG17

SENSING OF "GASSING" VOLTAGE

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG18

INDICATOR OR DISPLAY

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG19

. Charger status (e.g., voltmeter, etc.)

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG20

. Polarity

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG21

. State of charge of battery

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG22

LINE IMPEDANCE (E.G., RESISTOR, ETC.)

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG23

. Capacitor

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG24

. Inductor

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG25

OPTICAL COUPLER

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG26

BUTTON OR HEARING AID TYPE

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG27

TRANSFORMERLESS

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG28

REGULATING TRANSFORMER (E.G., HIGH LEAKAGE, FERRO-RESONANT, ETC.)

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG29

TRANSFORMER HAVING PLURAL SECONDARIES

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG30

PLURAL TRANSFORMERS

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG31

PLURAL RECTIFIER SYSTEMS

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG32

VOLTAGE DIVIDER HAVING DIVERSE ELEMENTS OTHER THAN MERELY PLURAL RESISTORS

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG33

AIRCRAFT OR SPACECRAFT APPLICATION

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG34

ROBOT, HYBRID, RECREATIONAL OR EMERGENCY VEHICLE

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG35

HOME POWER STATION

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG36

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (E.G., RAILROAD LIGHTING, ETC.)

	This subclass has no definition.