CLASS 208, MINERAL OILS: PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS |
1 | SYNTHETIC DRYING OILS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Mineral oil products and compositions which have the properties
of and simulate natural drying oil in that they dry or harden in
contact with the air and processes of preparing the same.
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2 | PHENOLIC OR TOXIC OILS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Mineral oil products and compositions which are phenolic
in character or have properties of killing, repelling or preventing
the growth of insects, fungi or bacteria, and the processes of preparation
thereof.
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3 | OXIDATION OF MINERAL OILS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes of preparation of a mineral oil which include
an oxidizing treatment to convert a part of the hydrocarbons into
oxygenated hydrocarbons resulting in the production of a mixture
thereof with hydrocarbons, and the products of such processes.
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4 | . To form asphalts, tars or pitches: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Processes for producing asphalts, tars or pitches by oxidation of mineral oils and products of such processes. | |
5 | .. In presence of soild contact material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Processes wherein the oxidation is carried out in the presence of a solid contact material, e.g., a catalyst. | |
6 | .. Tar, pitch, or asphalt feed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Processes wherein the material subjected to the oxidizing
treatment is itself an asphalt, tar or pitch.
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7 | . With cracking: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Processes which include a mineral oil cracking step in addition
to the oxidation treatment.
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390 | TAR SAND TREATMENT WITH LIQUID: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which tar sand is contacted with a liquid material, ordinarily to dissolve or melt out the tar from the sand. | |
391 | . Inorgnic (only) liquid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 390. Subject matter in which the liquid is inorganic, usually
water.
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400 | BY TREATMENT OF SOLID MINERAL, E.G., COAL LIQUEFACTION, ETC.: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process wherein a liquid oily or tarlike hydrocarbonaceous
mixture is recovered from a solid mineral material feed, such as
coal, diatomite, oil shale, tar sand, etc.
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401 | . Including a test or measurement: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter in which the process includes a step of testing
or measuring any parameter involved in the procedure.
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402 | . Using electrical, magnetic or wave energy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter which includes a step of (1) passing an electric
current directly through a feedstock, intermediate, product or other
material used in process or (2) subjecting any material in the process
to an electric or magnetic field or (3), directly applying radiant
energy to the material.
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403 | . Chemical modification of solids before hydrogenation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter including a hydrogenation step and a step,
upstream of the hydrogenation, in which a solid feed to the process
undergoes a partial chemical reaction, which does not change the
essential nature of the feed; e.g., coal may be deoxgenated or desulfurized,
but it is not solublized or converted to coke.
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404 | . Using molten additive, e.g., heat carrier, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter having a step wherein a heated liquid material is added to a feedstock, an intermediate or a product of the process, which material is a solid at normal temperature and pressure. | |
405 | .. Molten catalyst: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Subject matter wherein the heated liquid material is a reaction promoter or retarder other than a reactant, a solvent or other dispersing agent. | |
406 | ... Halide-containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter in which the catalyst contains a compound of F, Cl, Br, I or At. | |
407 | . Specified agitation or circulation in gas contact zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter including a step o contaction a solid or
liquid with a gas, wherein the circulation pattern of the solid
or liquid during the gas contacting, e.g., countercurrent flow,
etc., is claimed or in which the solid or liquid moves in a particular
way, e.g., horizontally, etc., while being contacted.
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408 | .. Gas includes hydrogen: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter wherein a gas containing elemental hydrogen,
added to the process, is present in the gas contact zone.
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409 | .. Vertical gas upflow, e.g., fluidization, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter in which the gas moves vertically upward
in the contact zone.
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410 | ... Using solid heat carrier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter in which a solid material is used to provide
heat to the feed or to an intermediate in the process by direct
contact.
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411 | .. Employing solid heat carrier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter in which a solid material is used to provide
heat by direct contact with the feed or and intermediate in the
process.
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412 | . Plural hydrogenation steps: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter in which a feedstock is subjected to more
that one hydrogenation treatment during the process.
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413 | .. Solid catalyst in at least one step: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Subject matter in which the claimed hydrogenation conditions of at least one step include the presence of a solid material disclosed as being a catalyst. | |
414 | . With hydrogen production from water: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter having a step wherein hydrogen contained
in water is converted to free hydrogen.
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415 | . Including contact of feed with liquid produced in the process, i.e., recycle: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein material derived from the solid feed is withdrawn from a later stage of the process and contacted, at an earlier stage of the process, with the solid feed to the process or with other feed-derived material. | |
416 | .. With discrete hydrogenation of recycle stream: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter in which the material removed from the process stream for recycle is hydrogenated, apart form the main process stream. | |
417 | .. Recycle of bottoms (resid): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter in which a distillation is performed upon an intermediate mixture in the process, and the nonvaporized portion from the distillation operation is recycled. | |
418 | .. Including contact with hydrogen gas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter wherein hydrogen gas, pure or in admixture with other gases is present in the reactor during or after the contaction with the recycle stream. | |
419 | . Using specifically added catalyst during hydrogenation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter in which the process conditions for hydrogenation
include the presence of a material claimed as a catalyst, added
to the hydrogenation zone from a source other than the solid feed
material.
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420 | .. Dissolved or suspended-thermally-decomposable catalyst, component or precursor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter in which the catalyst, a component thereof, or a precursor thereof is dissolved in the reaction mixture or in which the reaction mixture contains in suspension a catalyst component or catalyst precursor which will decompose under the elevated temperature conditions of the reaction. | |
421 | .. Containing Group VI transition metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter in which the catalyst contains one or more of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten in free or combined form. | |
422 | ... And Group VIII metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 421. Subject matter in which the catalyst contains one or more of cobalt, iron or nickel, or a platinum group metal, in free or combined form, in addition to the Group VI transition metal. | |
423 | .. Containing Group VIII metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter in which the catalyst contains one or more of cobalt, iron or nickel, or a platinum group metal (Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Ru, or Os), in free or combined form. | |
424 | . Specified procedure to improve separation of solids from liquid product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter in which a procedure, more than mere "separation" is claimed for removal of solids from the liquid product of the process. | |
425 | .. Including centrifugation, filtering, flotation or vibration: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 424. Subject matter wherein the specified procedure includes
the use of centrifugal force, shaking, or the attachment of gas
bubbles to a solid, or the passage of liquid through a septum which holds
back solids of a certain size.
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426 | . Including agglomeration, comminution or size-classification of solids: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein a step segregates solids in the stream
into different locations, based upon difference in size, causes
solid particles to join to provide larger-size particles, or breaks
particles into smaller-size particles.
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427 | . Including burning of feed or product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter in which the solid feed or a portion thereof,
or a portion of the product, is combusted with oxygen or oxygen-containing material
for any purpose.
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428 | . Including contact with extraneous additive other than hydrogen, e.g. solvent, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein the feed material, an intermediate
material, or a product mixture is contacted with a substance, other
than hydrogen, brought in from outside the process.
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429 | .. Distinct addition zones: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter in which additive comes into contact with
feedstock in a plurality of distinct contact zones.
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430 | .. Contact with an additive, followed by chemical conversion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter wherein a chemical conversion step is performed
after a feed or intermediate is contacted with an additive, e.g.,
mixing followed by conversion, extraction followed by conversion
of extract, etc.
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431 | .. Specified hydrogen-donor solvent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter including contact with a solvent compound
or mixture of compounds which can be oxidized by contact with the
hydrogenatable feed or intermediate.
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432 | .. With specified circulation procedure in contact zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter wherein a specified agitation or circulation pattern, maintained by a fluid within a single contact zone, is claimed, or in which the location of streams associated with the contact zone are defined to establish a specific circulation pattern, e.g., use of a rotating kiln, etc. | |
433 | .. Simultaneous treatment with gaseous additive and liquid solvent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter wherein a normally liquid solvent and a normally
gaseous additive come into direct contact with the feed or intermediate material
in a single zone.
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434 | .. Additive is petroleum or fraction from petroleum refining: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter wherein crude or refined mineral oil from
an outside source is mixed with the solid feed to the process or
with an intermediate or product derived from the solid feed.
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435 | .. Additive is specified catalyst or liquid solvent or dispersant: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter in which the additive is claimed to be a catalyst for a chemical reaction or a liquid which is claimed to dissolve or disperse at least one other material in the process. | |
12 | COLORNG TREATMENTS (INCLUDES FLUORESCENCE): |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes of imparting a desired color property to mineral
oils and products of such processes.
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13 | TREATMENT OF REFINING SLUDGE: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes which include the treatment of a sludge obtained
in the refining of mineral oils to recover additional mineral oil
values therefrom.
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14 | PRODUCTS AND COMPOSITIONS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Products and compositions which include only mineral oils
or mixtures of two or more mineral oils or mineral oil fractions,
and processes of preparation of such mixtures which include only
a mixing or blending of the mineral oils with each other.
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15 | . Fuels: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Products and compositions which are claimed or disclosed
for use as fuels.
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16 | .. Gasolines: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Products and compositions which are claimed disclosed for use as fuels for internal combustion engines and which generally have a boiling range of below 400 to 425°. | |
17 | ... Admixtures: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Products and compositions which are blends or mixtures of
two or more mineral oils or mineral oil fraction and methods of
mixing or blending them.
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18 | . Lubricating oils: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Products and compositions which are claimed or disclosed
for use as lubricants between relatively moving surfaces, and which
are liquid at normal atmospheric temperatures (lubricating oils).
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19 | .. Admixtures: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Products and compositions which are blends or mixtures of
two or more mineral oils or mineral oil fractions and methods of
mixing such oils.
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20 | . Waxes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Products and compositions which include paraffin wax.
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21 | .. Admixtures: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Products and compositions which are blends or mixtures of
petroleum waxes or of a wax and a mineral oil, and methods of mixing
such ingredients.
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22 | . Asphalts, tars, pitches and resins: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Products and compositions which include asphalts, tars,
pitches or resins derived from petroleum, coal tar, or petroleum
tar sources, or from solid natural sources such as asphaltic rocks
or bituminous sands.
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23 | .. Admixtures: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Products and compositions which are mixtures of a natural
asphalt, petroleum asphalt, tar, pitch, or resin with each other
or with some other mineral oil, and methods of mixing such ingredients.
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24 | PARAFFIN WAX; TREATMENT OR RECOVERY: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes for the treatment, preparation, separation or
purification of paraffin waxes wherein the product retain its identity
as a wax.
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25 | . With ureas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Processes wherein a urea is employed as a treating agent.
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26 | . With sorption agents: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Processes including treatment with a solid contact material,
e.g., a catalyst or an adsorbent.
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27 | . Chemical treatment (refining or modification except mere solvent extraction): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Processes wherein the paraffin wax is treated with a material
which exerts a chemical reaction on the wax or component associated
therewith.
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28 | . Separation of paraffin from oil (e.g., dewaxing): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Processes for the separation of paraffin wax from another
mineral oil associated therewith.
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29 | .. Emulsion dewaxing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Processes wherein the oil-paraffin separation involves the
formation of an emulsion or dispersion.
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30 | .. Separation of residual oil from wax (i.e., deoiling): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Processes for the separation of residual oil from paraffin
wax.
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31 | ... With solvent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes wherein the separation is facilitated by the use
of a nonreactive material which exerts a solvent action upon some
component of the mixture.
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32 | ... Sweating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes wherein paraffin wax containing residual oil is cooled and then slowly heated to release the lower melting point oils and other components. | |
33 | .. Solvent dewaxing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Processes wherein paraffin wax is separated or recovered
by the use of a nonreactive material which exerts a solvent action
upon some component of the mixture.
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34 | ... With deasphalting treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Processes combined with a step of separating asphalt.
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35 | ... With chilling by evaporation of solvent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Processes wherein the material is cooled or chilled by the
evaporation of the solvent usually causing a precipitation of the
separated paraffin wax.
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36 | ... With nondewaxing solvent extraction of oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Processes combined with a solvent extraction of mineral
oil which extraction does not result in a separation of paraffin
wax from the oil.
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37 | .. Chilling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Processes including a step of lowering the temperature of
the material treated, usually by refrigeration.
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38 | ... With filtering: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Processes including the separation of wax by use of a filtering
medium.
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39 | ASPHALTS, TARS, PITCHES AND RESINS; MAKING, TREATING AND RECOVERY: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes for preparing, separating, recovering or treating
asphalts, tars, pitches and resins of mineral origin wherein the
asphalt tar, resin, etc., is recovered as a product.
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40 | . By chemical conversion of oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes wherein asphalt, tar, pitch or resin is produced
by a chemical conversion of another liquid mineral oil.
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41 | . By distillation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes wherein asphalt, tar, pitch or resin is obtained
by a distillation of an oil feed under nonconversion conditions.
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42 | .. Tar feed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein material distilled is a tar. | |
43 | ... By contact with hot gases: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Processes wherein the tar is contacted by high temperature
gas during distillation.
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44 | . Chemical modification of asphalt, tar, pitch or resin: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes including a chemical modification of an already
formed asphalt, tar, pitch or resin.
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45 | . Solvent extraction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes including a solvent extraction of the asphalt,
tar, pitch, or resin.
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46 | CHEMICAL CONVERSION OF HYDROCARBONS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes of treating mineral oils which result in a chemical
alteration of at least some of the hydrocarbon molecules thereof
forming mineral oils having different properties, or which
result in the formation of coke.
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47 | . With prevention of corrosion or erosion in system: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Processes including some step to prevent or reduce corrosion
or erosion of the apparatus employed in the process.
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48R | . With prevention or removal of deleterious carbon accumulations or equipment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Processes which include (1) the prevention of the deposit
or precipitation of solid carbon on the surfaces of the apparatus
employed during a conversion of a mineral oil or (2) the removal of
such solid deposits of carbon in combination with a conversion step.
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48Q | .. Quench |
This subclass has no definition. | |
48AA | .. Antifoulant additive |
This subclass has no definition. | |
49 | . Plural serial stages of chemical conversion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Processes in which a mineral oil is subjected to two or
more successive distinct chemical conversions.
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50 | .. Coking in at least one stage: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Processes wherein coke is a product of at least one of the
conversion stages.
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51 | ... With reforming: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Processes including also at least one distinct reforming
operation.
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52R | ... With both catalytic and thermal cracking: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Processes including also at least one stage of catalytic
cracking and at least one stage of thermal cracking (not coke forming)
in addition to the coke producing conversion step.
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52CT | .... Catalyst treatment to remove metal contaminants |
This subclass has no definition. | |
53 | ... First stage is coking: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Processes wherein the coke producing conversion occurs prior to any other conversion of the mineral oil. | |
54 | .... Second stage is cracking: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Processes wherein the coke producing conversion is followed by a cracking operation in which no product coke is produced. | |
55 | ..... Catalytic cracking: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Processes wherein the cracking operation is promoted by the use of a catalytic material. | |
56 | .. Hydrogen donor diluent cyclic processes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Processes wherein one component or product of a conversion step is subjected to hydrogenation and then returned or recycled to the process as a source of hydrogen (a "hydrogen donor"). | |
57 | .. First stage is an hydrogenation (saturation): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Processes wherein mineral oil is subjected to hydrogenation
treatment which saturates at least a part of the unsaturated hydrocarbons present
prior to any other conversion step, and the hydrogenated material
is not employed as a source of hydrogen in a subsequent conversion step.
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58 | .. First stage is hydrocracking (includes hydro-desulfurization under cracking conditions): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Processes wherein mineral oil is subjected to a cracking
step in the presence of hydrogen prior to any other conversion step.
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59 | ... Hydrocracking in all stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes wherein mineral oil is subjected only to a plurality of steps of destructive hydrogenation (cracking in the presence of hydrogen). | |
60 | ... With subsequent reforming: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes including also at least one subsequent step of reforming. | |
61 | ... With subsequent thermal or catalytic cracking: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes including also at least one subsequent step of thermal or catalytic cracking. | |
62 | .. First stage is reforming: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Processes wherein the mineral oil is subjected to a reforming reaction prior to any other conversion step. | |
63 | ... Reforming in all stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Processes wherein the mineral oil is subjected only to a plurality of steps of reforming. | |
64 | .... Catalyst in at least one stage: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Processes wherein at least one of the reforming reactions takes place in the presence of catalytic material. | |
65 | ..... Noble metal containing catalyst: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Processes wherein the catalyst employed contains a noble metal of compound thereof. (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir or Pt). | |
66 | ... Catalytic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Processes wherein the reforming reaction takes place in the presence of catalytic material. | |
67 | .. First stage is thermal or catalytic cracking: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Processes wherein the mineral oil is subjected to a thermal
of a catalytic cracking reaction prior to any other conversion step.
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68 | ... With subsequent hydrocracking: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Processes including at least one subsequent step of cracking
in the presence of hydrogen (destructive hydrogenation).
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69 | ... With subsequent reforming: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Processes including at least one subsequent step of reforming.
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70 | .... Catalytic reforming: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Processes wherein the reforming reaction takes place in the present of catalytic material. | |
71 | ... With subsequent polymerization: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Processes including at least one subsequent step of polymerization. | |
72 | ... Cracking in all stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Processes wherein the mineral oil is subjected only to a
plurality of stages of cracking reactions, either thermal or catalytic.
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73 | .... Catalyst in at least one stage: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein at least one of the cracking steps takes
place in the presence of catalytic material.
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74 | ..... Catalyst in multiple stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes wherein at least two of the cracking steps take place in the presence of catalytic material. | |
75 | .... With cracking of total product from first stage: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the total undivided product from the first cracking step is subjected to a subsequent cracking operation. | |
76 | .... With cracking of the first stage bottoms: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product of the initial cracking stage includes a plurality of separate fractions having different boiling ranges and in which the nonvolatilized or residual fraction is subjected to another cracking operation (all stages noncatalytic). | |
77 | .... With cracking of the first stage intermediate fraction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product of the initial cracking stage includes a plurality of separate fractions having different boiling ranges, and includes at least one fraction intermediate the lowest boiling fraction and the nonvolatilized or residual fraction and at least one of said intermediate fractions is subjected to another cracking operation. | |
78 | . Plural parallel stages of chemical conversion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Processes wherein a plurality of mineral oils or mineral
oil fractions are separately subjected to conditions resulting in
a conversion or alteration of the hydrocarbons.
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79 | .. At least one stage is reforming: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Processes wherein at least one of the conversion stages
is a reforming reaction.
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80 | .. Split feed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Processes wherein a single mineral oil is separated into
a plurality of fractions at least two of which are subjected to
conversion conditions.
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81 | . With contacting vapor porducts with liquid feed (i.e., product scrubbing and feed stripping): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Processes wherein a conversion operation is combined with
the contaction of the mineral oil to be converted with a vapor product
of the conversion operation prior to the conversion step (prior
to entering the conversion zone) and in which the higher boiling
components of the vapor product are absorbed by the mineral oil, and
the more volatile products of the mineral oil feed are volatilized
and stripped therefrom.
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82 | .. Only selected fractions of product or feed are contacted: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Processes wherein only a part of the vapor product or only
a part of the mineral oil to be converted are contacted.
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83 | .. With subsequent fractionation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Processes wherein the products are separated into fraction
having different properties subsequent to contacting the mineral
oil feed.
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84 | .. With added material (to scrubbing-stripping stage): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Processes wherein a material, other than the vapor product or mineral oil feed, is added to the vapor-oil contact zone. | |
85 | . With preliminary treatment of feed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Processes wherein the mineral oil to be converted is subjected
to some separate and distinct nonconversion treatment combined with
a subsequent chemical conversion of the treated oil.
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86 | .. Deasphalting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Processes wherein the mineral oil feed is subjected to a
treatment to remove asphaltic components therefrom prior to the
conversion stage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
87 | .. Solvent extraction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Processes wherein the preliminary treatment is a treatment
of the mineral oil feed with a solvent which separates therefrom
some component of the mineral oil which may be nonmineral oil component
or a mineral oil fraction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
88 | .. Refining: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Processes wherein the preliminary treatment of the mineral
oil includes the removal of nonhydrocarbon impurities or the conversion
of the impurity to an inactive form.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
89 | ... With hydrogen: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Processes wherein the refining treatment of the mineral
oil includes the use of hydrogen, either in the free state or by
means of a hydrogen rich material (hydrogen donor).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
90 | ... With acids: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Processes wherein the refining treatment includes the use
of a free acid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
91 | ... With solid absorbents: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Processes wherein the refining treatment includes a treatment
of the mineral oil with solid adsorbents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
92 | .. Distillation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Processes wherein the mineral oil to be converted is subjected
to distillation prior to the conversion reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
93 | ... With blending of products of distillation with each other or with converted products: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Processes wherein at least one of the fractions produced by the distillation is blended with either (1) another of the said fractions or (2) with the product of the conversion reaction or a fraction thereof. | |
94 | ... Plural stages of distillation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Processes wherein the mineral oil to be converted is subjected
to two or more successive distillation stages prior to conversion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
95 | . With subsequent treatment of products: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Processes in which a mineral oil conversion step is combined
with a subsequent separate and distinct nonconversion treatment
of the mineral oil products of the conversion.
| |||
96 | .. Solvent extraction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Processes wherein the treatment subsequent to conversion
includes treatment of the product with a solvent which dissolves
and separates therefrom a component of the product which may be
a nonmineral oil component or a mineral oil fraction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
97 | .. Refining: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Processes wherein the treatment subsequent to conversion
includes the removal of nonhydrocarbon natural occurring material
(impurity) from the mineral oil, or the conversion thereof to an
inactive or unobjectionable material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
98 | ... With acids: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Processes wherein the refining treatment includes the use
of an acid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
99 | ... With solid adsorbents: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Processes wherein the refining treatment includes the use
of solid adsorbents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
100 | .. Separation of vapors and liquid products: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Processes wherein the treatment of the products subsequent
to conversion includes a separation of vapor products from liquid
involving (1) plural stages of separation, (2) a specifically defined
separation procedure or (3) the recovery of particular fractions
identified by some property thereof, (e.g., specific boiling range).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
101 | ... With absorption with liquid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes wherein the separation process includes an absorption
of one of the components of the vapor products with a liquid absorbent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||
102 | ... With additional separation of liquid products from primary separation zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes wherein the liquid product resulting from one separation step is subjected to a further separation of vapors from the liquid. | |
103 | ... With additional separation of vapor products: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes wherein the vapor product resulting from one separation step is subject to a further vapor from liquid separation. | |
104 | .... With distillation of second stage liquid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Processes wherein liquid product from the second separation step in additionally subjected to distillation to separate the same into desired fractions. | |
105 | .... With condensation of second stage vapors: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Processes wherein vapors from the second separation step are subjected to a condensation treatment to produce liquid products. | |
106 | . Cracking: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Processes wherein hydrocarbons are converted into a mixture
including lighter, lower boiling hydro-carbons which are liquid
at atmospheric temperature and pressure, or to coke.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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107 | .. Hydrogenative: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes wherein the cracking takes place in the presence
of added hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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108 | ... Catalytic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Processes in which a catalytic material is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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109 | .... Silica or silicate containing catalyst: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Processes wherein the catalytic material contains silica or a silicate. | |
110 | ..... With metal or metal oxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes wherein the catalyst includes a free metal or
metal oxide.
| |||
111.01 | ...... With group III metal, rare earth metal, or metal oxide (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In, Tl, metal of atomic number 57-71, or oxide thereof ): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group
III metal, a rare earth metal, or oxide thereof.
| |||
111.05 | ....... With group VII metal or metal oxide (i.e., Mn, Tc, Re, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 111.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group VII metal or oxide thereof. | |
111.1 | ....... With group IV metal or metal oxide (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, Pb, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 111.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group IV metal or oxide thereof. | |
111.15 | ....... With group I metal or metal oxide (i.e., alkali metal, Ag, Au, Cu, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 111.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group
I metal or oxide thereof.
| |||
111.2 | ....... With group V metal or metal oxide (i.e., V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb, Bi, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 111.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group IV metal or oxide thereof. | |
111.25 | ....... With group II metal or metal oxide (i.e., alkaline earth metal, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd, Hg, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 111.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group
II metal or oxide thereof.
| |||
111.3 | ....... With group VI metal or metal oxide (i.e., Cr, Mo, W, Po, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 111.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group VI metal or oxide thereof. | |
111.35 | ....... With group VIII metal or metal oxide (i.e., iron or platinum group metal, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 111.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group
VIII metal or oxide thereof.
| |||
112 | .... Metal or metal oxide catalyst: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Processes wherein the catalytic material contains a free
metal or a metal oxide.
| |||
113 | .. Catalytic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes in which a catalytic material is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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114 | ... Phosphorus, boron or nitrogen containing catalyst: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Processes wherein the catalyst contains phosphorus, boron, nitrogen either as a free element or as a compound thereof. | |
115 | ... Halogen containing catalyst: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Processes wherein the catalyst contains a halogen either as a free element or as a compound thereof. | |
116 | .... Metal halide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Processes wherein the catalyst includes a metal halide. | |
117 | ..... Group III metal halide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Processes wherein the catalyst includes a Group III metal halide. | |
118 | ... Silica or silicate containing catalyst: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Processes wherein the catalyst contains silica or a silicate. | |
119 | .... With metal or metal oxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Processes wherein the catalyst also contains a free metal
or a metal oxide.
| |||
120.01 | ..... With group III metal, rare earth metal, or metal oxide (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In, Tl, metal of atomic number 57-71, or oxide thereof ): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group III metal, rare earth metal, or oxide thereof. | |
120.05 | ...... With group VII metal or metal oxide (i.e., Mn, Tc, Re, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group VII metal or oxide thereof. | |
120.1 | ...... With group IV metal or metal oxide (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, Pb, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group IV metal or oxide thereof. | |
120.15 | ...... With group I metal or metal oxide (i.e., alkali metal, Ag, Au, Cu, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group
I metal or oxide thereof.
| |||
120.2 | ...... With group V metal or metal oxide (i.e., V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb, Bi, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group V metal or oxide thereof. | |
120.25 | ...... With group II metal or metal oxide (i.e., alkaline earth metal, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd, Hg, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group
II metal or oxide thereof.
| |||
120.3 | ...... With group VI metal or metal oxide (i.e., Cr, Mo, W, Po, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group VI metal or oxide thereof. | |
120.35 | ...... With group VIII metal or metal oxide (i.e., iron or platinum group metal, or oxide thereof): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Processes wherein the catalytic material includes a group
VIII metal or oxide thereof.
| |||
121 | ... Metal or metal oxide containing catalyst: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Processes wherein the catalyst contains a metal or metal
oxide.
| |||
122 | .... Group III metal or oxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Processes wherein the catalyst includes a Group III metal or metal oxide. | |
123 | ..... With Group VI metal or oxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Processes wherein the catalyst additionally contains a Group VI metal or metal oxide. | |
124 | ..... With Group VIII metal or oxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Processes wherein the catalyst additionally contains a Group VIII metal or metal oxide. | |
125 | .. With nonreactive material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes wherein cracking takes place in the presence of
an added nonreactive material.
| |||
126 | ... Solids: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Processes wherein cracking takes place in the presence of
added inert solids.
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127 | .... Suspension system: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Processes wherein cracking takes place in the presence of
added inert solids which are suspended in a fluid medium, the mixture
being handled as a fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
128 | ... Vapors: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Processes wherein cracking takes place in the presence of an added gas or vapor. | |
129 | .... Combustion gases: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Processes wherein the cracking takes place in the presence of added gaseous products of combustion of a gaseous, liquid or solid fuel. | |
130 | .... Steam: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Processes wherein cracking takes place in the presence of
steam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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131 | .. Soaking: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes wherein mineral oil to be cracked is heated to
the desired temperature and cracking takes place due solely to the
heat stored during the initial heating, no further heat being added during
the progress of the cracking operation.
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132 | .. With heating in tubular confined stream: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes wherein the feed oil to be cracked (or coked)
is heated in a continuous confined zone of generally tubular configuration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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133 | . Reforming (includes dehydrogenation, isomerization, cyclization, aromatization, alkylation, dealkylation reactions): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Processes wherein a mineral oil is converted to an oil of
similar boiling range, but of generally improved octane rating,
the reaction being known as reforming.
| |||||
134 | .. Catalytic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Processes wherein reforming takes place in the presence
of catalytic material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
135 | ... With Group III metal or metal oxide containing catalyst: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Processes wherein the catalytic material contains a Group
III metal or metal oxide.
| |||
136 | .... With Group VI metal or metal oxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Processes wherein the catalyst additionally contains a Group VI metal or metal oxide. | |
137 | .... With Group VIII metal or metal oxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Processes wherein the catalyst additionally contains a Group VIII metal or metal oxide. | |
138 | ..... Noble metal or oxide thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Processes wherein the catalyst includes a noble metal or
metal oxide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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139 | ...... With halogen containing additive: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes wherein the catalyst additionally contains an added halogen. | |
140 | ...... With recovery or reactivation of catalyst: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes combined with the subsequent recovery of or the
treatment of the catalyst to rehabilitate the same to condition
for reuse.
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141 | ... Feed of specific composition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Processes directed to the catalytic reforming of a specifically
identified mineral oil.
| |||
142 | . Hydrogenation (saturation): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Processes wherein mineral oil is subjected to treatment
with added free hydrogen or under conditions which generate hydrogen
and in which hydrogen is added to the hydrocarbon molecule to saturate
at least some of the unsaturated molecules therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
143 | .. Catalytic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Processes wherein hydrogenation takes place in the presence
of catalytic material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
144 | ... Feed of specific composition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Processes directed to the catalytic hydrogenation of a specifically
identified mineral oil.
| |||
145 | .... With added source of hydrogen (includes hydrogen donor): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Processes in which an added material which under the conditions
of the reaction supplies the hydrogen necessary for hydrogenation
is employed.
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| |||||
146 | . Solids contacting and mixing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Processes which are directed to contacting fluid, in
either the liquid or vapor state, and which may include, in
addition to the mineral oil treated a solids regenerating or rehabilitating
fluid with solids, and which are neither directed to the
treatment of a specifically identified mineral oil nor include the
use of specifically identified solids.
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147 | .. Separate contiguous, dissimilar function, contacting zones: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes wherein a plurality of dissimilar reactions are
carried out within the same enclosure or chamber, which reactions
take place in zones which are separated by a common wall, through
which heat exchange generally takes place.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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148 | .. Combined gravitating bed and suspension zones: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes which include both fluid contact with a gravitating
compact bed of solids and contact with solids while suspended in
the fluid.
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| |||||
149 | .. Solids of dissimilar composition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes wherein fluid is contacted with a mixture of different
types of solids in the same zone.
| |||
150 | .. Purging: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes which include a significant treatment of the contact
solid to remove therefrom adsorbed or occluded material, other than
contaminant coke or carbon.
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151 | ... Plural stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Processes wherein the purging takes place in a series of separate and distinct stages. | |
152 | .. Solids replenishment, or selective discard: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes wherein during the contacting process solids are
added to the system to make up losses or selected fractions of the
solids are withdrawn from the system.
| |||
153 | .. Suspension system: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes wherein solids are suspended in a fluid medium,
and the mineral oil conversion or solids regeneration or rehabilitation
takes place in the presence of the suspended solids.
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154 | ... Start-up and shut down procedures: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Processes which include the step of starting up the operation
fluid suspension system or of shutting down the operation of the
suspension system.
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155 | ... Plural zones of similar function: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Processes which include (1) a plurality of separate unnamed
mineral oil conversions (2) a plurality of separate solids regenerations
or rehabilitations, or (3) a plurality of zones in which mineral
oil conversions occur alternately with solids regeneration or rehabilitation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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156 | .... Solids and contacting fluids are both in series: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Processes in which both the fluid and the solids contacted
thereby are passed from one reaction zone to the other reaction
zone successively, either counter-current to each other or concurrent
with each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
157 | ... Liquid feed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Processes wherein mineral oil to be converted is introduced
into the reaction zone in the liquid state.
| |||
158 | ... With augmented turbulence (in addition to normal mixing in bed): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Processes wherein the suspended solids are subjected to
some step to increase the turbulence or mixing thereof which increases
the motion of the solids beyond that necessary to maintain the solids
suspension.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
159 | ... With temperature regulation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Processes involving the control of the temperature during
the fluid-solid contacting over and above that caused by the normal
heat transfer properties of the moving solid bodies as they circulate
in and through the system.
| |||||
160 | .... By solids circulation to external heat exchange and return to same zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Processes wherein the temperature is controlled by removing
a portion of the solids, circulating the same to an external heat
exchange, and then back to the zone from which they were removed.
| |||||
161 | ... Separation of entrained fines from effluents: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Processes which include a specifically recited step of removing
finely divided solids from the effluent gas from the reaction zone.
| |||
162 | .... In presence of a liquid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Processes wherein the fines separation is facilitated by
use of a liquid.
| |||
163 | ... Fluidized dense bed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Processes in which solids are suspended in upward flowing
gas or vapor, the upward force of the fluid on the solids is countered
by gravity resulting in the formation of a zone in which the particles
are compacted into a dense phase.
| |||
164 | .... Solids transferring: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Processes which include a specifically recited procedure
for transferring solids from one solids suspension zone to another.
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165 | .. Gravitating compact beds: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes wherein solids move downwardly by gravity as a
relatively compact mass, the particles being in contact with each
other and wherein the compactness is not disrupted by the contacting
fluids.
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166 | ... Liquid feeding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes wherein mineral oil to be contacted is introduced
into the reaction zone in the liquid state.
| |||
167 | .... Solids curtain type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Processes wherein solids are introduced onto the surface
of a compact bed as a freely falling stream or curtain and liquid
mineral oil to be converted is sprayed against the freely falling curtain
of solids.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
168 | ... Solids-vapor disengagement: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes including a specific step of separating the effluent
vapors or gases from the contacting zone from the solids and removed
from the contacting zone.
| |||
169 | ... Plural zones of similar function (same chamber): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes in which (1) a plurality of fluid streams separately
contact a single stream of solids flowing through a series of gravitating compact
bed zones or (2) a single stream of fluid serially contacts a plurality
of gravitating compact bed zones wherein the solids flow in the
zones is at least partially in parallel, all the contact zones being
within the same chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
170 | ... Size stratification prevention: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes which include some step to prevent the solids
in the gravitating bed from becoming nonuniformly distributed as
to particle size over the horizontal cross-section of the bed.
| |||
171 | ... Uniform solids withdrawal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes including the step of removing the solids from
the gravitating bed in such a manner that the solids are withdrawn
uniformly over the horizontal cross-section of the bed.
| |||
172 | ... Preheating or quenching with solids: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes wherein (1) the heated solids, are employed to
heat the fluid prior to entry to the gravitating bed or (2) cool
solids are employed to extract and/or recover heat from
the effluent from the gravitating bed zone.
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173 | ... Solids transferring: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes including a specific procedure for transferring
solids from one compact gravitating bed zone to another.
| |||
174 | .... By pneumatic lifting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Processes wherein solids are taken from the discharge end
of one gravitating compact bed and transferred to a more elevated
inlet of another bed by entraining or suspending the solids gas
stream.
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| |||||
175 | ..... Compact type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Processes wherein the solid particles are maintained in contact with each other, the solids being transferred as a compact mass, usually by means of a force applied counter to the upward direction of flow of the conveying current. | |
176 | .. Solids moving processes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes which include the step of imparting motion of
the solids being contacted.
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177 | REFINING: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes for treating a mineral oil to (1) remove impurities
or undesirable nonmineral oil components therefrom or (2) to inactivate these
contaminants or impurities by converting them to some less noxious
form, whether or not they are subsequently removed.
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178 | . With reagent feed control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes which includes the step of controlling of the
amount of reagent employed in the refining of the mineral oil.
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179 | . Purifying used oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes for treating used mineral oils to render them
suitable for reuse.
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180 | .. With added organic material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Processes wherein an organic material is added to the used
oil.
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181 | .. Plural treating agents (sequential or simultaneous): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Processes in which a plurality of inorganic materials are
added to the used oil, either together or in sequence.
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182 | ... One is a solid contact material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes wherein at least one of the treating agents is
an adsorbent or filtering material.
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| |||||
183 | .... With acid or alkali: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Processes wherein, in addition to the solid contact material,
an acid or an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, magnesium or ammonium oxide,
hydroxide or carbonate is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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184 | .. Distillation or degassing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Processes wherein the used oil is purified by distillation
or a mechanical removal of gaseous material as by heating or use
of reduced pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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185 | ... With gaseous treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Processes wherein distillation or degassing treatment is
carried out in the presence of an added gaseous treating agent.
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186 | ... With solid-liquid separation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Processes which include a specifically defined separation
of liquid from solid material.
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187 | . Water removal (dehydration): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes for removing water from mineral oils.
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188 | .. With treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Processes wherein a material is added to facilitate the
removal of the water or resolution of the mineral oil-water system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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189 | . Sweetening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein a mineral oil is treated to convert mercaptans
contained therein to disulfides.
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190 | .. With hypochlorites: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes wherein an added hypochlorite is employed. | |
191 | .. With copper compounds: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes wherein an added copper compound is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
192 | ... With preliminary treatment of oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Processes combined with a nonconversion treatment of the
mineral oil prior to the sweetening treatment with a copper compound.
| |||
193 | ... With subsequent treatment of the sweet oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Processes wherein the sweetening treatment is combined with
a subsequent nonconversion treatment of the sweetened oil.
| |||
194 | .... Separation or recovery of copper compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Processes wherein the subsequent treatment includes a specifically
defined procedure for separation and recovery of the copper containing
sweetening agent from the sweetened oil.
| |||
195 | ... Copper chloride and free oxygen containing gas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Processes wherein copper chloride and a free oxygen containing gas are employed. | |
196 | .. With peroxides: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes wherein an added peroxide is employed. | |
197 | .. With lead compounds: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes wherein an added lead compound is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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198 | ... Lead sulfide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Processes wherein the treating agent comprises lead sulfide. | |
199 | ... Sodium plumbite: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Processes wherein the treating agent comprises sodium plumbite. | |
200 | .... With preliminary treatment of the oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Processes combined with a nonconversion treatment of the mineral oil prior to the sweetening treatment with sodium plumbite. | |
201 | .... With subsequent treatment of the sweet oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Processes wherein the sweetening treatment is combined with
a subsequent nonconversion treatment of the sweetened oil.
| |||
202 | ..... Organic treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Processes wherein the sweetened oil is subjected to treatment with an added organic material. | |
203 | .. With alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes wherein added alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate
is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
204 | ... With added oxygen containing organic compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Processes wherein an added oxygen containing organic compound
is employed in addition to the alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
205 | .... Acyclic alcohol: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Processes wherein the organic oxygen compound is an acyclic
alcohol, e.g., methanol, ethanol, or propanol.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
206 | ... With added nitrogen containing compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Processes wherein an added nitrogen containing compound
is employed in addition to the alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
207 | .. Nitrogen containing compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes wherein an added nitrogen containing compound
is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
208R | . Sulfur removal (free or combined sulfur): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein mineral oil is treated to remove sulfur
therefrom, whether present as free sulfur or as a compound.
| |||
209 | .. With hydrogen: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein the mineral oil is desulfurized in the
presence of added hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
210 | ... Plural stage treatments with hydrogen: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Processes which include desulfurization of mineral oil in the presence of hydrogen in each of a plurality of steps or stages. | |
211 | ... With preliminary treatment of feed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Processes combined with a nonconversion treatment of the
mineral oil prior to the hydrodesulfurization treatment.
| |||
212 | ... With subsequent treatment of product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Processes wherein the hydrodesulfurizing treatment is combined
with a subsequent nonconversion treatment of the desulfurized oil.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
213 | ... With solid catalyst or absorbent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Processes wherein the hydrodesulfurization takes place in
the presence of a solid catalyst or adsorbent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
214 | .... With hydrogen yielding material (H donor): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Processes wherein an added hydrogen rich material is employed
under conditions that hydrogen is generated or liberated during
the process (hydrogen donor processes).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
215 | .... With heavy metal sulfide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Processes wherein the solid catalyst or adsorbent is a sulfide
of a heavy metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
216R | .... With group VI metal or compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Processes wherein the solid catalyst or adsorbent comprises,
a Group VI metal, (Cr, Mo, W or Po) or compound, thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
216PP | ..... With specific porosity or pore volume |
This subclass has no definition. | |
217 | .... With Group VIII metal or compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Processes wherein the solid catalyst or adsorbent comprises
a Group VIII metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir or Pt) or compound
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
218 | .. Split treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein a mineral oil is divided into several
fractions, at least one of which is treated to remove sulfur therefrom
and then the separate fractions are reblended.
| |||
219 | .. With acids: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein sulfur is removed from mineral oil by
the use of an acid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
220 | ... Plural stages of sulfur removal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Processes which include desulfurization of mineral oil in plural stages, at least one of which includes the use of an acid. | |
221 | ... With preliminary treatment of feed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Processes combined with a nonconversion treatment of the
mineral oil prior to the acid desulfurization.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
222 | ... With subsequent treatment of product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Processes wherein the desulfurizing treatment is combined
with a nonconversion treatment of the desulfurized oil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
223 | ... Inorganic acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Processes wherein an inorganic acid is employed. | |
224 | .... Sulfuric acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Processes wherein sulfuric acid is employed. | |
225 | .... Hydrochloric acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Processes wherein hydrochloric acid is employed. | |
226 | .. With alkali or alkali earth metal compound (except clays): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein mineral oil is desulfurized by the use
of an alkali or alkaline earth metal compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
227 | ... Plural stages of sulfur removal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Processes which include desulfurization of mineral oil in plural stages at least one of which is in the presence of an added alkali or alkaline earth metal compound. | |
228 | ... With preliminary treatment of feed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Processes combined with a nonconversion treatment of the
mineral oil prior to the desulfurization with the alkali or alkaline
earth metal compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
229 | ... With subsequent treatment of product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Processes wherein the desulfurizing treatment is combined
with a subsequent nonconversion treatment of the desulfurized oil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
230 | ... Alkali metal compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Processes wherein an alkali metal compound is employed. | |
231 | .... With added oxygen containing organic compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Processes wherein an oxygen containing organic compound
is employed in addition of the alkali metal compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
232 | ..... Alcohol containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Processes wherein an added alcohol is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
233 | ...... With other organic compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Processes wherein there is also employed an organic compound is addition to an alcohol and an alkali metal compound. | |
234 | ..... With regeneration of treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Processes combined with the treatment of the alkali metal
compound and/or oxygen organic compound employed for desulfurizing
to restore it to the original condition or to condition for reuse.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
235 | .... With regeneration of treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Processes combined with the treatment of the alkali metal
compound employed for desulfurization to restore it to the original
condition or to condition for reuse.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
236 | .. With nitrogen containing treating reagent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein mineral oil is desulfurized by use of
a nitrogen containing compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
237 | .. With organic reagent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein mineral oil is desulfurized by the use of an added organic compound. | |
238 | ... Hydrocarbon containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Processes wherein a hydrocarbon is employed. | |
239 | ... Heavy metal soap containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Processes wherein a heavy metal soap (heavy metal salts of higher fatty acid or naphthenic acid) is employed. | |
240 | ... Oxygen containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Processes wherein an oxygen containing organic compound
is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
241 | .. With free halogen or nonmetal halide containing reagent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein a mineral oil is desulfurized by the use
of a free halogen or a halide of a nonmetal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
242 | .. With sulfur oxides: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein a mineral oil is desulfurized by the use
of added oxide of sulfur.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
243 | .. With Group VI metal or compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein mineral oil is desulfurized by use of
a Group VI metal (Cr, Mo, W or Po) or compound thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
244 | .. With Group VIII metal or compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein mineral oil is desulfurized by use of
a Group VIII metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir or Pt) or compound
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
245 | .. With silicon or compound thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein mineral oil is desulfurized by the use
of silicon or a compound thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
246 | .. With Group IB metal or compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein mineral oil is desulfurized by the use
of a Group IB metal (Cu, Ag or Au) or compound thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
247 | .. With Group IIB metal or compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein mineral oil is desulfurized by the use
of a Group IIB metal (Zn, Cd or Hg) or compound thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
248 | .. With Group III metal or compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein mineral oil is desulfurized by use of
a Group III metal (Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sc, Y, a rare earth or actinide
series metal) or compound thereof.
| |||
249 | .. With Group IV, V, VII metal or compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein the treating agent comprises a Group IV,
V, VII metal (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mn, Tc, Re, Ge, Sn, Pb, As,
Sb or Bi) or compounds thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
250 | .. Solids contacting and mixing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes for desulfurizing mineral oil by contacting the
oil with solid contact agents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
208M | .. Using free alkali metal |
This subclass has no definition. | |
251R | . Metal contaminant removal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein a mineral oil is treated to remove a metal
or metal compound therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
252 | .. With acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Processes wherein an acid is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
253 | .. With metal or metal compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Processes wherein an added metal or a metal compound is
employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
251H | .. Employing hydrogen |
This subclass has no definition. | |
254R | . Nitrogen contaminant removal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein a mineral oil is treated to remove nitrogen
containing materials therefrom.
| |||
254H | .. Employing hydrogen |
This subclass has no definition. | |
255 | . Gum or gum former removal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein a mineral oil is treated to remove monoolefinic
or polyolefinic components (gums or gum forming materials) therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
256 | .. With acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Processes wherein an acid is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
257 | .. With metal or metal compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Processes wherein a metal or a metal compound is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
258 | ... Alkali metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Processes wherein elemental alkali metal is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
259 | ... Alkali or alkali earth metal compound (except clays): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Processes wherein an alkali or alkaline earth metal compound
is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
260 | ... Clay type or alumina: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Processes wherein aluminum oxide or a natural caly is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||
261 | .... Vapor phase treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Processes wherein the oil is in the vapor state when contacted with the clay or alumina. | |
262.1 | . Halogen contaminant removal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes for removing undesirable halogen containing components
from mineral oils.
| |||
262.5 | .. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process wherein the contaminant removed is a polychorinated biphenyl. | |
263 | . Organic acid or phenol contaminant removal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes for removing undesirable organic acids or phenolic
components from mineral oils.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
264 | . With hydrogen: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein the mineral oil is treated with added
hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
265 | . With acids: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein mineral oil is treated with an added acid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
266 | .. Sulfuric acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Processes wherein sulfuric acid is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
267 | ... With fluid rotation or agitation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Processes involving mixing the acid with the mineral oil by some particular procedure of agitating or fluid rotation which is recited other than by name only. | |
268 | ... White oil making: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Processes for preparing highly refined or medicinal oils
known as "white" oils.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
269 | ... Split treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Processes wherein mineral oil is separated into two or more
fractions at least one of which is subjected to a sulfuric acid
refining treatment combined with reblending of the mineral oil fractions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
270 | ... Plural stages of acid treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Processes wherein mineral oil is subjected to a plurality
of distinct refining treatments with acid, sulfuric acid being employed
in at least one of the treatments.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
271 | ... With preliminary treatment of the oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Processes combined with a nonconversion treatment of the
mineral oil prior to the sulfuric acid refining.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
272 | .... Fractionation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Processes wherein the mineral oil is subjected to a fractionation
prior to sulfuric acid refining.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
273 | ... With subsequent treatment of the oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Processes wherein the acid treatment is combined with a
subsequent nonconversion treatment of the sulfuric acid refined
oil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
274 | .... Organic treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Processes wherein the sulfuric acid refined oil is subsequently
treated with an added organic compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
275 | .... Solid absorbent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Processes wherein the sulfuric acid refined oil is subsequently
treated with a solid adsorbent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
276 | ... With nonwater additive: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Processes in which an added material, other than water, is used along with the sulfuric acid. | |
277 | .... Organic compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Processes wherein an added organic compound is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
278 | .... Solid contact material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Processes wherein a solid material, e.g., a carrier for
the acid, is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
279 | .. Phosphorus containing acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Processes wherein a phosphorus containing acid is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
280 | .. Halogen containing acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Processes wherein a halogen containing acid is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
281 | ... Hydrochloric acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Processes wherein an hydrochloric acid is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
282 | .. Organic acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Processes wherein an organic acid is employed.
| |||
283 | . With alkali or alkali earth metal compound (except clays): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein mineral oil is treated with an alkali
or alkaline earth metal compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
284 | .. Alkali metal compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Processes wherein an alkali metal compound is employed. | |
285 | ... With preliminary treatment of the oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Processes combined with a nonconversion treatment of the mineral oil prior to the treatment with the alkali metal compound. | |
286 | ... With subsequent treatment of the oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Processes combine with a nonconversion treatment of the mineral oil subsequent to the treatment with the alkali metal compound. | |
287 | ... With solid carrier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Processes wherein a solid on which the alkali metal compound
is supported is employed.
| |||
288 | ... With added material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Processes in which an added material, other than water, is combined with the alkali metal compound. | |
289 | . With nitrogen containing compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein mineral oil is treated with an added nitrogen
containing compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
290 | . With organic compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein mineral oil is treated with an added organic
compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
291 | .. Oxygen containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Processes wherein an organic compound containing oxygen is employed. | |
292 | . With boron, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or bismuth containing treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein mineral oil is treated with boron, phosphorus,
arsenic, antimony or bismuth or a compound thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
293 | . With sulfur containing treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein mineral oil is treated with an added sulfur
containing material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
294 | . With free metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein mineral oil is treated with an elemental
metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
295 | . With Group IV, V, VI, VII or VIII metal compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein mineral oil is treated with a compound
of a metal of Groups IV, V, VI, VII or VIII.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
296 | . With Group IB or IIB metal compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein mineral oil is treated with a compound
of a metal of Groups IB, or IIB, i.e., Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd or Hg.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
297 | . With Group III metal compound (except clays): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes wherein mineral oil is treated with a Group III
metal compound, excluding those processes in which the oily such
compound is clay.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
298 | . With liquid treating agent (includes slurries of solids): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes involving contacting mineral oil with liquid treating
agents not provided for above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
299 | . With solid catalyst or absorbent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes involving contacting mineral oil with a solid
catalyst or adsorbent not provided for above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
300 | .. Of particular physical shape or structure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes wherein a solid treating agent having some structural
characteristic particularly adapting it for refining mineral oil
is employed.
| |||
301 | .. With preliminary treatment of the oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes combined with a nonconversion treatment of the mineral oil prior to the contacting with the solid catalyst or adsorbent. | |
302 | .. With subsequent treatment of the oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes combined with a nonconversion treatment of the mineral oil subsequent to the contacting of the oil with the solid catalyst or adsorbent. | |
303 | .. Plural treating stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes wherein mineral oil is subjected to a plurality of distinct refining treatments, solid catalyst or adsorbent being employed in each of the treatments. | |
304 | .. Processes including downward movement of particles: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes wherein the solid catalyst or adsorbent move downwardly
in a contacting chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
305 | .. Solids rehabilitation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes combined with a treatment to restore the activity
of the solid catalyst of adsorbent to the original condition or
to condition for reuse.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
306 | .. Composite or plural treating agents: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes carried out in the presence of a solid contacting
agent which is either a physical mixture of several solids or a
complex chemical combination of such solids.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
307 | .. Silicon or carbon containing treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes wherein a silicon containing compound or a free carbon containing material is employed. | |
308 | FRACTIONATION: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes for the separation of mineral oils into hydrocarbon
fractions at least one of which is a mineral oil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
309 | . Deasphalting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Processes wherein an asphaltic fraction is separated from
the remaining portion of the mineral oil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
310R | . Adsorption: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Processes wherein a mineral oil or mineral oil containing
fluid mixture is contacted with a solid material which selectively
adsorbs a mineral oil fraction from the mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
310Z | .. Zeolite adsorbent |
This subclass has no definition. | |
311 | . Liquid extraction with solvents: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Processes in which mineral oil is mixed with or contacted
with another liquid which will dissolve or is miscible with a portion
or fraction of the oil forming a solution or liquid phase which
is immiscible with another oil fraction not so dissolved.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||||||||||||||||||
312 | .. With blending of separated fractions with each other or with feed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Processes combined with the mixing of an extract mineral
oil fraction with another mineral oil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
313 | .. Extractive distillation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Processes wherein mineral oil is distilled in the presence
of a solvent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
314 | .. Plural stages with different oil miscible solvents: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Processes in which a mineral oil is subjected to a plurality
of successive extractions, each involving the use of a different
oil-miscible solvent, there being a separation of the extract phase
from the oil between at least two of the extraction steps.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
315 | ... With recycle of product of later extraction to earlier extraction stage: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Processes wherein at least one of the extracted fractions
of a later extraction step is returned to an earlier extraction
step.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
316 | ... Difference is mere change in proportions of solvents: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Processes wherein the solvents used in each extraction contain essentially the same ingredients but differ from each other in the proportions thereof. | |
317 | .. Counter current multistage extraction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Processes wherein mineral oil is subjected to extraction in a plurality of stages the oil and the solvent employed flowing from stage to stage in opposite directions. | |
318 | .. With recycle of oil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Processes wherein a phase or product of an extraction step
is returned to either the same or a previous extraction zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
319 | .. With pressure variation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Processes, (1) wherein there is a change in the pressure exerted on a single extraction zone to effect a separation of the phases thereof or (2) wherein each of several extraction zones is maintained under different pressure. | |
320 | .. With temperature gradient in extraction zone or between extraction zones: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Processes wherein (1) there is maintained a difference of temperature between different locations in a single extraction zone, or (2) wherein each of several extraction zones is maintained under a different temperature. | |
321 | .. With solvent rehabilitation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Processes combined with a particular treatment to remove
or recover the solvent from a phase of the extraction.
| |||||
322 | .. Organic solvent containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Processes wherein an organic compound is employed as the extracting solvent medium. | |
323 | ... With added solvent or solvent modifier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Processes in which (1) the solvent initially comprises a
mixture of compound at least one of which is organic, or (2) a plurality
of solvents is added sequentially without any intervening separation
of the phases.
| |||
324 | .... Inorganic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Processes wherein an inorganic compound is employed in addition to the organic component. | |
325 | ... Heterocyclic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Processes wherein a heterocyclic compound is employed as a solvent. | |
326 | .... Hetero-N-containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Processes wherein the heterocyclic compound contains nitrogen
in the ring.
| |||
327 | .... Furfural and derivatives: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Processes wherein the heterocyclic compound is furfural
or a derivative thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
328 | ... Nonoxo carbonylic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Processes wherein a nonoxocarbonylic compound is employed
as the solvent.
| |||
329 | .... Carboxylic esters: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Processes wherein the nonoxocarbonylic compound is an ester of a carboxylic acid. | |
330 | ... Nitrogen-containing solvent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Processes wherein a nitrogen containing organic compound
is employed as a solvent.
| |||
331 | .... Amino compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Processes wherein the nitrogen containing organic compound
includes an amine group.
| |||
332 | ... Oxo compound containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Processes wherein an organic compound including an oxo group
is employed as a solvent.
| |||
333 | ... Oxy compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Processes wherein an organic compound including an oxy group
is employed as a solvent.
| |||
334 | .... Ethers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Processes wherein the oxy compound is an ether. | |
335 | .... Aromatic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Processes wherein an aromatic oxy compound is employed.
| |||
336 | ... Halogen containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Processes wherein a halogen containing compound is employed
as a solvent.
| |||
337 | ... Hydrocarbon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Processes wherein a hydrocarbon is employed as a solvent.
| |||
338 | .. Liquid sulfur dioxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Processes wherein liquid sulfur dioxide is employed as a
solvent.
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339 | .. Liquid-liquid contacting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Processes directed to the particular procedure for contacting
a mineral oil with liquid solvent.
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340 | . Recovery of mineral oil from natural or converted gases: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Processes including recovery of liquid mineral oils, e.g.,
gasoline, from natural gases or from uncondensed gas-vapor mixtures
obtained from a mineral oil conversion operation.
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341 | .. By absorption and vaporization: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes wherein a gas mineral oil vapor mixture is contacted
with a liquid (lean absorbent) which takes up or absorbs the mineral
oil vapors therefrom (becoming an enriched or rich absorbent) combined
with a specific step of vaporization to separate the mineral oil
from the rich absorbent.
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342 | ... With fractional condensation prior to absorption: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Processes wherein the initial gas-vapor mixture is cooled
to condense desired fractions prior to the absorption step.
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343 | ... Indirect heat exchange between lean and rich absorbent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Processes wherein the lean absorbent is passed in indirect
heat exchange relationship with the rich absorbent.
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344 | ... Plural absorption stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Processes wherein the gas-vapor mixture is subjected to a plurality of separate absorption treatments. | |
345 | .... At least one stage is under pressure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Processes wherein at least one of the absorption steps is under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. | |
346 | ... Absorption stage is under pressure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Processes wherein the absorption is carried out under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. | |
347 | . Distillation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Processes wherein mineral oil mixtures are volatilized for
the purpose of recovering specific fractions from the vapors produced
by condensation.
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348 | .. With nonvapor compound added prior to or during vaporization: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Processes wherein a nongaseous compound is added to the
distilland prior to or during the distillation.
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349 | .. With nonvaporization treatment of liquid condensate or residue: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Processes wherein the condensate or residue resulting from
the distillation, each constituting a liquid product, is subjected
to a nonvaporization treatment.
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350 | .. Rectification: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Processes carried out in such a manner that vapor rising
from the still comes into contact with a descending condensed portion
of vapor previously evolved from the still.
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351 | ... C1-C4 alkane removal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Processes wherein normally noncondensable aliphatic hydrocarbon
fractions having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms are removed from the system.
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352 | ... Flash vaporizaton: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Processes wherein the distilland is heated under pressure
high enough to prevent ebullition and the heated distilland is then
introduced into a zone of lesser pressure resulting in the volatilization
of at least a portion of the distilland.
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353 | ... With heat recovery by indirect heat exchange: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Processes wherein one component being distilled is heated
by indirect contact with the same or another component of the process.
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354 | ... Plural or combined with additional distillation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Processes wherein there are either two or more distinct
rectification zones or at least one rectification zone combined
with at least one nonrectification distillation zone.
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355 | .... With product recycle between distillation zones: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Processes wherein either the vapors, condensate and/or
residue from a later distillation zone is returned to an earlier
distillation zone.
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356 | ... With added gas or vapor (e.g., steam): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Processes carried out in the presence of an added gas or
vapor to effect volatilization of the distilland.
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357 | ... Vacuum or pressure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Processes wherein the rectification zone is under a pressure
greater or less than atmospheric pressure.
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358 | ... With liquid product recycle to rectification zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Processes wherein condensate or residue is returned to the
rectification zone after having been removed therefrom to assist
in the vaporization process.
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359 | .. Spraying: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Processes wherein the distilland is sprayed into the vaporization
zone.
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360 | .. Filming: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Processes wherein the distilland is introduced into the
vaporization zone by spreading it as a thin film over a surface.
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361 | .. Flash vaporization: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Processes wherein the distilland is heated under pressure
high enough to prevent ebullition and the heated distilland is then
introduced into a zone of lesser pressure resulting in the volatilization
of at least a portion of the distilland.
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362 | .. With added gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Processes wherein a gas or vapor is employed to effect volatilization
of the distilland.
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363 | ... Steam: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Processes wherein the added vapor is steam.
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364 | .. Plural stages of vaporization: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Processes wherein the vaporization is carried out in a plurality
of separate and distinct zones.
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365 | ... With heat recovery by indirect heat exchange: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Processes wherein the distilland is heated by indirect contact
with a heated product of the distillation from the same or from
a different stage of vaporization.
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366 | .. Vacuum or pressure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Processes wherein the vaporization zone is under a pressure
greater or less than atmospheric pressure.
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367 | .. With agitation of distilland: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Processes wherein the distilland is kept in motion as by
stirring during vaporization.
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368 | .. Condensatin by direct heat exchange: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Processes wherein the volatiles are condensed by direct
heat exchange with a coolant (there being direct vapor or gas-liquid
contact).
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369 | .. Volatile treatment other than condensation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Processes involving some noncondensation treatment of the
volatiles evolved during the distillation.
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370 | MISCELLANEOUS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes not provided for in any other subclass.
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950 | PROCESSING OF FISCHER-TROPSCH CRUDE: |
Collection of documents drawn to chemical conversion, fractionation,
refining, etc., of hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks produced by the hydrogenation
of carbon oxides.
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951 | SOLID FEED TREATMENT WITH A GAS OTHER THAN AIR, HYDROGEN OR STEAM: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Collection of patents in which a solid carbonaceous material feedstock of the type of ... is treated with a gas or gaseous mixture containing other than air hydrogen or steam, e.g., H2S, CO, CH4, etc., alone or admixed with each other or another gas. | |
952 | SOLID FEED TREATMENT UNDER SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS: |
Collection of patents in which a solid hydrocarbonaceous mineral of the type of subclasses 390+ or 400+ is treated to remove mineral oil therefrom, or to convert solid materials therein to mineral oil-like mixture by the use, in any step of the treatment, of a treating gas in its supercritical stated. The treating agent may be a liquid, solid or gas at normal conditions, but the treatment conditions must include temperature near the critical temperature of the extractant. Under such conditions, the gaseous agent can not be liquified at any pressure, although the fluid density may be increased significantly by applying sufficient pressure. The agent need not necessarily be a solvent for the hydrocarbonaceous materials at normal conditions. The treatment may be designed to produce any sort of chemical, physical or physico-chemical result. | |
FOR000 | CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG1 | AUTOMATIC CONTROL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG2 | MOLECULAR SIEVE |
This subclass has no definition. | |