CLASS 204, CHEMISTRY: ELECTRICAL AND WAVE ENERGY |
PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
155 | . Electrical, or wave energy in magnetic field: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS. Chemical processes which have for their purpose the preparation
of compounds or elements through chemical reaction brought about
by the agency of electrical or wave energy in which the reaction
is carried out within a magnetic field; except electrolytic
processes, provided for above, and those brought about
through mere heating effect of electrical or wave energy.
For example, the conversion of the surface of a polymeric
material to produce a film thereon. This includes both
the synthetic production of compounds or elements and, likewise, the
chemical modification or chemical purification of compounds or elements, making
use of electrical or wave energy to effect the chemical changes
in such processes. The processes falling within these
subclasses are those whose purpose is for the production of compounds, elements
by chemical reactions, but not those wherein a material or
composition is treated, such as a metal, tobacco, foods, beverages, leather
and the like, and in which a chemical change may be brought
about.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
156 | .. With discharge: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Processes in which the chemical reaction is carried out
within a magnetic field including electrical discharges. The
discharges may be produced by the same means as that which creates
the magnetic field, such as an electromagnetic field of
such character as produces discharges, or an additional
electrical discharge field may be imposed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
157.15 | . Processes of treating materials by wave energy: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter involving chemical reactions brought about
by wave energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
157.2 | .. Isotope separation or enrichment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.15. Subject matter involving chemical processes which separate
isotopic species from materials containing differing isotopes; or
the enrichment of a material in a particular isotope; or
the production of an isotopic species; all of said processes
brought about by wave energy.
| |||||
157.21 | ... Inorganic product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.2. Subject matter wherein the produce produced is inorganic
in nature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
157.22 | .... Using laser: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.21. Subject matter wherein the separation or enrichment is wherein
the separation or enrichment is claimed or solely disclosed as being
induced by the use of light amplified by stimulated emissions of
radiation, i.e., laser.
| |||
157.3 | .. Removing a component from normally gaseous mixture: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.15. Subject matter in which an initial normally gaseous or vaporous
mixture is treated by wave energy so as to remove therefrom by a chemical
reaction or change to a different chemical form at least one of
the components therein, resulting in a heterogeneous composition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
157.4 | .. Process of preparing desired inorganic material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.15. Subject matter wherein an element of inorganic compound
is produced by a chemical reaction brought about by wave energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
157.41 | ... Using laser: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.4. Subject matter wherein the chemical reaction is claimed
or solely disclosed as being induced by the use of light amplified
by stimulated emissions of radiation, i.e., a
laser.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
157.42 | ... Using sonic of ultrasonic energy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.4. Subject matter wherein the chemical reaction is either claimed
or solely disclosed as being induced or effected by the step of
imparting rapid oscillation at a frequency of greater than 10 cycles
per second.
| |||||
157.43 | ... Using microwave energy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.4. Subject matter wherein the chemical reaction is claimed
or solely disclosed as being induced or effected by a wave having
a wavelength between 30,000 nanometers and 1X109 nanometers
and which is usually generated by radio frequency power tubes from
high-voltage direct current.
| |||||
157.44 | ... Using ionizing radiation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.4. Subject matter wherein the chemical reaction is claimed
or solely disclosed as being induced or effected by ionizing radiation.
| |||||||
157.45 | ... Boron, phosphorous or silicon containing product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.4. Subject matter wherein the wave energy process of the product
contains at least one boron, phosphorus or silicon atom.
| |||
157.46 | ... Nitrogen containing product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.4. Subject matter wherein the product of said wave energy process contains at least one nitrogen atom. | |
157.47 | ... Carbon containing product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.4. Subject matter wherein the product of said wave energy process
contains at least one carbon atom.
| |||
157.48 | ... Halogen containing product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.4. Subject matter wherein the product of said wave energy process
contains at least one halogen atom.
| |||
157.49 | ... Sulfur containing product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.4. Subject matter wherein the product of said wave energy contains at least one sulfur atom. | |
157.5 | ... Oxygen containing product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.4. Subject matter wherein the product of said wave energy process
contains at least one oxygen atom.
| |||
157.51 | .... Metal oxide or hydrate thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.5. Subject matter wherein the product is a binary compound
containing only a metal atom and oxygen, or a hydrate form
thereof.
| |||
157.52 | ... Hydrogen containing product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.4. Subject matter wherein the product of said wave energy process contains at least one hydrogen atom. | |
157.6 | .. Process or preparing desired organic product containing at least one atom other than carbon and hydrogen: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.15. Subject matter wherein a specific organic compound is produced
by a chemical reaction brought about by wave energy and wherein
said organic compound contains at least one atom other than carbon
and hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
157.61 | ... Using laser: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the chemical reaction is claimed
or solely disclosed as being induced by the use of light amplified
by stimulated emissions of radiation, i.e., a
laser.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
157.62 | ... Using sonic or ultrasonic energy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the chemical reaction is claimed
or solely disclosed as being induced or effected by the step of
imparting rapid oscillation at a frequency of greater than 10 cycles
per second.
| |||||
157.63 | ... Using ionizing radiation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the chemical reaction is claimed
or solely disclosed as being induced or effected by ionizing radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
157.64 | .... Nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous or silicon containing product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.63. Subject matter wherein the product produced from said reaction contains at least one nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus or silicon atom. | |
157.65 | .... Carbocyclic ring containing product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.63. Subject matter wherein the product produced from said reaction contains a ring composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. | |
157.67 | ... Vitamin product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the product of the wave energy process
is a vitamin or modified product thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
157.68 | ... Carbohydrate or protein product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the product of the wave energy process
is either a protein or carbohydrate or modified product thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
157.69 | ... Heterocyclic product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the product of the wave energy process is an organic compound wherein one or more carbon atoms are covalently bonded in a ring system with at least one hetero atom of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, selenium or tellurium and there are no other different atoms in the ring. | |
157.7 | .... Hetero sulfur containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.69. Subject matter wherein there is at least one sulfur atom in the hetero ring system. | |
157.71 | .... Hetero nitrogen containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.69. Subject matter wherein there is at least one nitrogen atom in the hetero ring system. | |
157.72 | ..... Hetero nitrogen ring contains at least two hetero atoms: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.71. Subject matter wherein there is at least one nitrogen atom and at least one other atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, selenium or tellurium in the same hetero ring. | |
157.73 | ... Phosphorous product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the product of the wave energy process contains at least one phosphorus atom. | |
157.74 | ... Silicon product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the product of the wave energy process contains at least one silicon atom. | |
157.75 | ... Heavy metal product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the product of the wave energy process contains a metal having a specific gravity greater than four, including arsenic. | |
157.76 | ... Sulfur product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the product of the wave energy process contains at least one sulfur atom. | |
157.77 | .... Nitrogen containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.76. Subject matter wherein the sulfur product produced also contains at least one nitrogen atom. | |
157.78 | .... Oxygen containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.76. Subject matter wherein the sulfur product produced also contains at least one oxygen atom. | |
157.79 | ..... Halogen containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.78. Subject matter wherein the sulfur and oxygen product produced
also contains at least one halogen atom.
| |||||
157.8 | .... Halogen containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.76. Subject matter wherein the sulfur product produced also contains at least atom selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or astatine. | |
157.81 | ... Nitrogen product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the produce of the wave energy contains at least one nitrogen atom. | |
157.82 | .... Oxygen containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.81. Subject matter wherein the product nitrogen produced also contains at least one oxygen atom, e.g., isocyanate, etc. | |
157.83 | ..... Nitroso or oxime containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.82. Subject matter wherein the oxygen atom is part of a C=N.OH or C-N=O group. | |
157.84 | ...... Halogen containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.83. Subject matter wherein the C=N-OH or C-N=O
product contains at least one halogen atom.
| |||
157.85 | .... Carbon triple bonded to nitrogen containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.81. Subject matter wherein the nitrogen product produced contains a least one -C=N group. | |
157.86 | .... Halogen containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.81. Subject matter wherein the nitrogen product produced contains
at least one halogen atom.
| |||
157.87 | ... Carboxylic acid or derivative product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the organic product which is the
result of a wave energy process is a carboxylic acid or derivative.
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
157.88 | .... Oxygen other than as part of a carboxylic acid or derivative moiety: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.87. Subject matter wherein the carboxylic acid or derivative contains an oxygen atom which is other than as part of a-O or derivative group. | |
157.89 | .... Atom other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.87. Subject matter wherein the carboxylic acid or derivative contains an atom other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen. | |
157.9 | ... Alcohol product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the organic product of a wave energy
process is an alcohol.
| |||
157.91 | .... Fused or bridged ring containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.9. Subject matter wherein the alcohol contains a fused- or
bridged-ring system.
| |||
157.92 | ... Ether product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the organic product of a wave energy
process is a ether.
| |||
157.93 | ... Aldehyde or ketone product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the organic product of a wave energy
process is an aldehyde or ketone.
| |||||||||
157.94 | ... Halogen product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Subject matter wherein the organic product of a wave energy
process contains at least one halogen atom.
| |||
157.95 | .... Carbon and halogen only in product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.94. Subject matter wherein the halogen product produced is composed solely of carbon and halogen atoms. | |
157.96 | ..... Carbocyclic ring containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.95. Subject matter wherein the carbon and halogen product contains at least one ring composed solely of carbon atoms, e.g. aryl, etc. | |
157.97 | ...... Aryl ring containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.96. Subject matter wherein at least one ring is aryl. | |
157.98 | .... Unsaturated product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.94. Subject matter wherein the halogen containing product produced
contains an unsaturated group.
| |||
157.99 | ..... Unsaturation in aryl ring: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.98. Subject matter wherein the unsaturated group is part of an aryl ring. | |
158.1 | .... Carbocyclic ring containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.94. Subject matter wherein the halogen containing product produced
contains a ring composed solely of carbon atoms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
158.11 | .... Two or more diverse halogen atoms containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.94. Subject matter wherein the halogens containing product produced contains at least two diverse halogen atoms. | |
158.12 | .... Four or more carbon atoms containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.94. Subject matter wherein the halogen product produced contains at least four carbon atoms. | |
158.14 | .. At least one carbocyclic ring and only carbon and hydrogen atoms in product produced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.15. Subject matter wherein an organic compound is produced which contains a ring composed solely of carbon atoms and wherein the molecule consists solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. | |
158.2 | .. Processes of purifying materials: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.15. Subject matter involving processes which cause the separation
or purification of materials through chemical reactions brought about
by wave energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
158.21 | ... Organic material purified: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.2. Subject matter wherein the desired material is an organic
compound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
164 | . Electrostatic field or electrical discharge: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Chemical processes which have for their purpose the preparation
of compounds or elements through chemical reactions brought about
by the agency of electrical energy within an electrostatic field
or a field within which electrical discharging takes place. For
example, the conversion of the surface of a polymeric material
to produce a film thereon. This group includes both the
synthetic production of compounds or elements and, likewise
the chemical modification or chemical purification of compounds
or elements, making use of electrical energy to effect
the chemical changes in such processes. The processes
falling within this group of subclasses are those whose purpose
is for the production of compounds or elements by chemical reaction, but
not those wherein a material or composition is treated, such
as a metal, tobacco, foods, beverages, leather
and the like, and in which a chemical change may be brought
about. This group of subclasses likewise includes processes
wherein one or both of the reactants are subjected to an electrostatic
field or electrical discharge for the purpose of activation and
the desired reaction is effected by mere mixing while such reactant or
reactants are in the activated condition. This usually
consists of a step of ionization followed immediately by mixture
with another ionized or unionized substance, the reaction
following as a matter of course due to the condition of the mixed
reactants.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
165 | .. Organic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Processes directed to the production of organic compounds.
| |||
166 | ... Vitamins: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes directed to the production of vitamins.
| |||||||
167 | ... Fats, fatty oils, ester type waxes, or higher fatty acids: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes directed to the production and treatment of fats, fatty oils, ester-type waxes, fatty still residues or higher fatty acids. | |
168 | ... Hydrocarbons: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes directed to the production and treatment of hydrocarbons. | |
169 | .... Halogenated or oxidized: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Processes directed to the production of halogenated or oxidized hydrocarbons. | |
170 | .... Gaseous: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Processes directed to the production of gaseous hydrocarbons.
| |||
171 | ..... Acetylene: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Processes directed to the production of acetylene. | |
172 | .... Cracking hydrocarbon oils: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Processes directed to the cracking of hydrocarbon oils.
| |||
173 | .. Carbon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Processes directed to the production of carbon.
| |||||
174 | .. Sulfur-oxygen compounds: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Processes directed to the production of inorganic sulfur-oxygen compounds. | |
175 | .. Hydrogen peroxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Processes directed to the production of hydrogen peroxide. | |
176 | .. Ozone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Processes directed to the production of ozone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
177 | .. Nitrogen compounds: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Processes directed to the production of inorganic nitrogen compounds. | |
178 | ... Arc or spark discharge: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes where the field employed comprises an electrical arc discharge. | |
179 | .... Nitrogen oxides: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Processes directed to the production of nitrogen oxides.
| |||
450 | . Electrophoresis or electro-osmosis processes and electrolyte compositions therefor when not provided for elsewhere: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter drawn to (a) processes involving (1) the
travel, transport, or relative movement of one
or more particles or components in a conducting liquid or fluent
material, other than a gas, under a net unidirectional electric
stress or (2) the movement of a liquid inside
the capillary spaces of a solid (e.g., membrane, etc.) under
the influence of an electric field or (b) electrolyte
compositions specialized for use in a process under (a) when
not provided for elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
451 | .. Capillary electrophoresis: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process involving electromigration of particles or components
in a conducting liquid or fluent material inside a tube with an
inside diameter less than 1 mm.
| |||
452 | ... With detailed detection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Process which includes the use of a detection system recited
in more detail than mere nominal mention.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
453 | ... With injection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Process in which material to be treated or tested is injected
into the capillary, usually by electro-osmotic
bulk flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
454 | ... With adjustment or alteration of electro-osmotic bulk flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Process which provides for adjustment or alteration of continuous
phase buffer liquid movement within the capillary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
455 | ... Using gel-filled capillary: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Process in which the inside of the capillary tube is filled
with a jellylike colloidal solution of liquid in a solid (usually
organic).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
456 | .. Gel electrophoresis: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process in which particles or components migrate in an electric
field within a continuous medium of a jellylike colloidal solution
of liquid in a solid (usually organic).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
457 | ... With programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Process which involves (a) storing coded instructions
or other data which are used to regulate the process, (b) repetitively
regulating a sequence of process steps, or (c) regulating
the process according to preset timing sequences (e.g., limiting
various process steps to predetermined durations of time, etc.).
| |||||
458 | .... Plural rapid changes in direction of electric field (at least 1000 times total and at more than 1/sec) (e.g., pulsed field, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Process in which the electric field changes direction more than 1000 times in rapid succession (more than one change per second), usually using more than 2 electrodes with synchronized timing of voltage spikes or peaks. | |
459 | ... Isoelectric focusing (i.e., using pH variation): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Process in which a differential pH gradient is established
in the medium to affect the migration of individual particles or
components based on their different isoelectric points (the different
pH values at which the net charge on each particle or component
is neutral).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
461 | ... With analysis or detailed detection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Process which includes analysis or the use of a detection
system recited in more detail than mere nominal mention.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
462 | ... With posttreatment of gel to purify or recover a desired component: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Process in which the gel is subsequently treated to purify or recover a desired component. | |
463 | .... Destaining: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Process in which the posttreatment involves removal of a colored component, usually present as an undesired impurity which masks the desired separation of components. | |
464 | .... Blotting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Process in which one or more desired separated components
are transferred from the gel to an adjacent receiving medium (e.g., membrane, sorbent, another
gel, etc.).
| |||
465 | ... Preparation in unitary apparatus (e.g., preparative, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Process which is conducted to yield a separated product
in final form (e.g., ready for
analysis, etc.) using a single piece
of apparatus, usually precluding the need for subsequent
treatment or transfer of separated species.
| |||
466 | ... Using slab gel: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Process in which the gel is planar in form (e.g., as a rectangular sheet, etc.). | |
467 | .... Vertical or inclined: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Process in which the slab is in an upright position or is tipped up during use (e.g., vertical slab, etc.). | |
468 | ... Electrolyte composition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Subject matter drawn to (a) electrolyte
compositions or (b) processes of gel electrophoresis using
an electrolyte of specified composition.
| |||
469 | ... Gel composition (other than simple agarose or polyacrylamide): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Subject matter drawn to (a) gel compositions (other
than simple agarose or polyacrylamide) or (b) processes
of gel electrophoresis using a gel of specified composition (other
than simple agarose or polyacrylamide).
| |||
470 | .... Including manufacture or preparation (e.g., molding, gelation, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 469. Subject matter which includes one or more steps of gel manufacture
or preparation (e.g., molding, gelation, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
471 | .. Coating or forming of object: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process directed to the coating of a substrate or the formation
of an object by electrophoresis or electro-osmosis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||
472 | ... With control responsive to sensed condition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process in which the coating or forming is regulated by
detecting a characteristic or a change in a characteristic of the
process and by implementing an action in the process based upon the
detected characteristic or change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
473 | .... Temperature sensed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 472. Process in which a detected temperature or a change in a detected temperature is used to control the process. | |
474 | .... Current sensed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 472. Process in which a detected current or a change in a detected current is used to control the process. | |
475 | ... Rubber or vulcanizable gum used to coat or form: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process directed to the coating or formation of objects with (a) a natural or synthetic elastic polymer commonly known as rubber (e.g., caoutchouc, neoprene, etc.) or (b) a gum which may be vulcanized (cross-linked) (e.g., by reaction with sulphur at an elevated temperature, etc.) from a tacky, plastic mixture to an elastic or rigid product. | |
476 | .... Sheet, web, wire, or filament of indeterminate length formed or coated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Process directed to the coating or formation of sheets, webs, wire, or
filaments of indeterminate length.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
477 | ... Alternating current: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process in which alternating electrical current is used. | |
478 | ... With irradiation or illumination (e.g., for curing, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process in which electromagnetic waves (e.g., ultraviolet
light, gamma rays, etc.) or
corpuscular radiation (e.g., stream
of alpha particles, electron beam, etc.) is
applied to the substrate or to a coated layer (e.g., for
curing, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
479 | ... Coating interior of object: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process in which a coating is formed on the interior of an object. | |
480 | ... With regeneration or replenishment of coating bath (e.g., ultrafiltration, ion exchange, measurement followed by addition of concentrated reagent, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process which includes purification or rejuvenation (e.g., using
ultrafiltration, ion exchange, etc.) or
concentration adjustment of the coating bath (e.g., measurement
followed by addition of concentrated reagent, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
481 | .... Using ion exchange material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Process in which ion exchange material is used to regenerate
or replenish the coating bath.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
482 | .... Using filter or membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Process in which a filter or membrane is used to regenerate the coating bath. | |
483 | ... Forming of object: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process directed to the formation of an object.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
484 | ... Plural coating operations: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process directed to the coating of a substrate with at least
two layers and wherein at least one of the layers is applied electrophoretically
or electro-osmotically.
| |||
485 | .... Using mask: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Process in which a mask is used to shield selected areas of the substrate during coating. | |
486 | .... Including nonelectrophoretic coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Process which employs at least one nonelectrophoretic coating step (e.g., impregnation, electrostatic spraying, etc.). | |
487 | ..... With heat treatment of a coated layer (e.g., curing, sintering, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 486. Process in which at least one of the coated layers is heated
to effect a desired change therein (e.g., curing, sintering, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
488 | ...... Organic (e.g., curing thermoset resin, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Process in which the heat treated layer contains organic material. | |
489 | ... Using bath having designated chemical composition (DCC): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process which specifically identifies a coating bath used
in the coating process as containing a designated chemical composition (DCC).
| |||
490 | .... Resultant coating is solely inorganic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Process in which the resultant coating contains no organic
material.
| |||
491 | ..... With heat treatment of coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 490. Process in which the coating is heated to effect a desired
change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
492 | .... Anodic processes only: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Processes in which the bath composition is specifically
directed to use in anodic processes only (i.e., anionic
compositions).
| |||
493 | ..... With heat treatment of coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Process in which the coating is heated to effect a desired
change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
494 | ...... And washing, rinsing, or drying of coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Process in which the coating is also washed, rinsed, or dried, usually before heat treatment. | |
495 | ..... With pretreatment of substrate or bath: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Process in which either the substrate or the coating bath
is treated to prepare for the coating process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
496 | ..... Bath contains shading or coloring agent (e.g., pigment, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Process in which the bath used for coating contains a white, black, or
colored material which imparts a shade or color to the bath or to
the resultant coating (e.g., pigment, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
497 | ..... Bath contains surface active agent (e.g., soap or detergent, wetting or emulsifying agent, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Process in which the bath used for coating contains a surface active agent (e.g., soap or detergent, wetting or emulsifying agent, etc.). | |
498 | ..... Bath contains carboxyl group: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Process in which the bath used for coating contains an organic compound having a carboxyl group (C=O)-OH. | |
499 | .... Cathodic processes only: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Process in which the bath composition is specifically directed
to use in cathodic processes only (i.e., cationic
compositions).
| |||
500 | ..... With heat treatment of coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 499. Process in which the coating is heated to effect a desired
change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
501 | ...... Bath contains epoxy or epoxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Process in which the bath used for coating contains an oxirane
or any other compound with an -O- bridge attached
to two different carbon atoms which are also united in some other
way, either directly or indirectly (e.g., epoxy
resin, cyclic ether, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
502 | ..... Bath contains epoxy or epoxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 499. Process in which the bath used for coating contains an oxirane
or any other compound with an -O- bridge attached
to two different carbon atoms which are also united in some other
way, either directly or indirectly (e.g., epoxy
resin, cyclic ether, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
503 | ...... And shading or coloring agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Process in which the bath used for coating also contains
a white, black, or colored material which imparts
a shade or color to the bath or to the resultant coating (e.g., pigment, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
504 | ...... And separate crosslinking or curing agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Process in which the bath used for coating also contains
a separate compound or element intended to enhance crosslinking
or curing of the coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
505 | ....... Isocyanate: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 504. Process in which the crosslinking or curing agent is an isocyanate. | |
506 | ..... Bath contains separate crosslinking or curing agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 499. Process in which the bath used for coating contains a separate
compound or element intended to enhance crosslinking or curing of
the coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
507 | .... With posttreatment of coating (e.g., heat treatment, washing, drying, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Process in which the coating is subsequently treated (e.g., heat
treatment, washing, drying, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
508 | .... Bath contains shading or coloring agent, metal oxide, free metal, or free carbon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Process in which the bath used for coating contains a metal
oxide, free metal, free carbon, or a white, black, or
colored material which imparts a shade or color to the bath or resultant
coating (e.g., pigment, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
509 | ... With heat treatment of coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process in which the coating is heated to effect a desired
change therein (e.g., firing, baking, sintering, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
510 | ... With pretreatment of substrate (e.g., cleaning, wetting, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process in which the substrate is treated to prepare it
for coating (e.g., cleaning, wetting, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
511 | ... Using liquid jet: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process in which a stream of liquid containing a composition for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic coating (e.g., of suspended particles, etc.) is directed onto the substrate during coating. | |
512 | ... Continuous movement of substrate through bath: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Process in which the substrate is continuously transported
in, through, and out of the bath; with
an electrophoretic or electro-osmotic coating being applied
to the substrate while it is moving through the bath.
| |||
513 | .. Hydrocarbon oil separated or purified: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process directed to the separation or purification of hydrocarbon
oil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
514 | ... Aqueous system: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 513. Process in which the hydrocarbon oil is in an aqueous system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
515 | .. Inorganic siliceous or calcareous material prepared, separated, or treated (e.g., clay, earth, concrete, asbestos, glass, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process involving preparation, separation, or treatment
of a material containing silica or calcium (e.g., clay, earth, concrete, asbestos, glass, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
516 | ... Barrier separation (e.g., using membrane, filter paper, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 515. Process in which a barrier (e.g., membrane, filter
paper, etc.) is used to separate some
ions or particles from other ions or particles by allowing some
ions or particles to pass through the barrier while the others are
retained at or stopped from passing through the barrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
517 | .... Ion selective: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process in which the barrier distinguishes between ions
of different charges to effect separation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
518 | .. Barrier separation (e.g., using membrane, filter paper, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process in which a barrier (e.g., membrane, filter
paper, etc.) is used to separate some
ions or particles from other ions or particles by allowing some
ions or particles to pass through the barrier while the others are
retained at or stopped from passing through the barrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
519 | ... With control responsive to sensed condition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Process in which the barrier separation is regulated by
detecting a characteristic or a change in a characteristic of the
process and by implementing an action in the process based upon the
detected characteristic or change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
520 | ... Ion selective: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Process in which the barrier distinguishes between ions
of different charges to effect separation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
521 | .... Combined with manufacture or pretreatment of barrier: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process which includes one or more steps of manufacture
or pretreatment of the barrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
522 | .... Using both anion and cation selective membranes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process in which at least one membrane selectively passes ions with a positive charge and at least one other membrane selectively passes ions with a negative charge. | |
523 | ..... Alternating anion and cation selective membranes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Process in which at least 3 anion and cation selective membranes are employed in an alternating sequential array (e.g., 2 anion selective membranes separated by a cation selective membrane, etc.). | |
524 | ...... And using ion exchange material (e.g., suspended particles, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Process in which ion exchange material (e.g., suspended
particles, etc.) is also used.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
525 | ...... With prevention of scale buildup or fouling of membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Process in which action is taken to prevent accumulation
of scale or fouling substances on a membrane or other internal components
of a chamber used during separation.
| |||
526 | ...... Gas or vapor treated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Process in which a gas or vapor is treated. | |
527 | ...... Biological material prepared, recovered, or treated (e.g., urine, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Process in which biological material is prepared, recovered, or
treated (e.g., urine, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
528 | ...... Regeneration of liquid electrolyte: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Process in which a desired liquid electrolyte solution is
rejuvenated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
529 | ...... Metal or metal salt recovered or removed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Process in which a metal or metal salt is recovered or removed. | |
530 | ...... Organic material prepared, recovered, or treated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Process in which organic material is prepared, recovered, or
treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
531 | ...... Acid prepared, recovered, or treated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Process in which an acid is intentionally prepared, recovered, or
treated.
| |||
532 | ..... And using nonion selective membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Process which also uses at least one membrane which does
not exhibit ion selectivity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
533 | ..... And using ion exchange material (e.g., suspended particles, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Process in which ion exchange material (e.g., suspended
particles, etc.) is also used.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
534 | ..... And using bipolar membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Process in which a membrane having anionic properties on
one side and cationic properties on the other is used in combination
with both anion and cation selective membranes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
535 | .... And using nonion selective membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process which also uses at least one membrane which does
not exhibit ion selectivity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
536 | .... And using ion exchange material (e.g., suspended particles, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process in which ion exchange material (e.g., suspended
particles, etc.) is also used.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
537 | .... Using bipolar membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process in which a membrane having anionic properties on
one side and cationic properties on the other is used.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
538 | ..... Water splitting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Process in which water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. | |
539 | .... Using anion selective membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process in which at least one anion selective membrane is used. | |
540 | .... Biological material prepared, recovered, or treated (e.g., urine, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process in which biological material is prepared, recovered, or
treated (e.g., urine, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
541 | .... Organic material prepared, recovered, or treated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process in which organic material is prepared, recovered, or
treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
542 | ... Combined with diverse-type separation (e.g., electro-osmotic barrier separation combined with centrifugal separation, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Process which is combined with a separation which employs
neither an electrical force (or stress) nor a
separation barrier.
| |||
543 | ... Biological material prepared, recovered, or treated (e.g., urine, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Process in which biological material is prepared, recovered, or
treated (e.g., urine, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
544 | ... Organic material prepared, recovered, or treated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Process in which organic material is prepared, recovered, or
treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
545 | .. With use of nonelectrical field or force to separate (e.g., magnetic, centrifugal, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process in which a material is separated by electrophoresis
or electro-osmosis combined with a nonelectrical field
or force (e.g., magnetic, centrifugal, etc.).
| |||
546 | .. Absorbent strip electrophoresis (e.g., using cellulose acetate, paper strip, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process in which a separation by the differential migration
of ions or particles takes place on a sheet or strip of absorbent
material (e.g., using cellulose
acetate, paper strip, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
547 | .. Dielectrophoresis (i.e., using nonuniform electric field): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process in which a nonuniform electric field is used to
separate particles or ions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
548 | .. Isoelectric focusing (i.e., using pH variation): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process in which a differential pH gradient is established
in the medium to affect the migration of individual particles or
components based on their different isoelectric points (the different
pH values at which the net charge on each particle or component
is neutral).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
549 | .. Isotachophoresis (i.e., displacement electrophoresis) or measurement of ion or particle mobility: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process which involves different ion or particle mobilities (e.g., ions
or particles having the same charge and given the same initial velocity are
separated based on their differing net mobilities, etc.) or
which merely involves measuring of ion or particle mobility.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
550 | .. Ionophoresis: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process which involves the separation or removal of ions
from solution by electrophoresis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
551 | .. Solid sorption or desorption: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process which involves electrophoretic or electro-osmotic
solid sorption or desorption.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
553 | .. Bulk separation of solids and liquids (e.g., dewatering solids, clarifying water, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process which involves nonanalytical, large scale
separation of solids and liquids (e.g., dewatering
solids, clarifying water, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
554 | . Electrical (including simultaneous electrical and magnetic) separation or purification of liquid or magnetic treatment of liquid (other than separation): |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process involving (a) electrical (including
simultaneous electrical and magnetic) separation or purification
of a liquid or (b) magnetic treatment, per
se, when some effect other than mere separation is desired
or produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
555 | .. With control responsive to sensed condition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 554. Process in which the separation or purification is regulated
by detecting a characteristic or a change in a characteristic of
the process and by implementing an action in the process based upon
the detected characteristic or change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
556 | .. With measuring, testing, or sensing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 554. Process which includes measuring, detecting, or
testing a characteristic, condition, or property
of the process or an element used in the process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
557 | .. Using magnetic field: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 554. Process in which magnetic lines of force are used to separate
a constituent, to aid the separation of a constituent from
a liquid, or to treat a liquid without resulting in separation
or purification.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
558 | .. With simultaneous use of liquid-liquid extraction solvent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 554. Process characterized by the presence of a liquid-liquid
solvent capable of removing a liquid constituent from a liquid mixture
by preferential dissolution or miscibility of the liquid constituent
into the liquid-liquid solvent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
559 | .. Predominantly hydrocarbon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 554. Process in which the liquid to be separated or purified
is predominantly made up of one or more chemical compounds containing
only atoms of carbon and hydrogen such that the total hydrocarbon
content is greater than that of any single nonhydrocarbon constituent
in the liquid (e.g., separating
or purifying a liquid mixture containing 20% hexane, 20% octane, 30% water, 25% acetone, and
5% ethanol, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
560 | ... Removing solids: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process in which solid material is removed from the liquid
under treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
561 | .... With addition of agent to facilitate removal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Process in which a material is added to the liquid under
treatment to clearly aid removal of solids therefrom.
| |||
562 | .... Using cohesive filter or solid packing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Process in which a cohesive filter medium or bed of solid
packing elements is used to remove the solids.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
563 | ... Resolving emulsion or dispersion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process which involves breaking an emulsion or dispersion
by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
564 | .... Using interrupted or pulsed direct current field: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 563. Process in which the emulsion or dispersion is resolved
using an electric field produced by a direct current which is periodically
interrupted or pulsed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
565 | .... Using modified alternating current (other than standard 50 Hz or 60 Hz sine wave) field: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 564. Process in which the emulsion or dispersion is resolved
using an electric field produced by a modified alternating current
with a frequency or wave form other than that of standard 50 Hz or
60 Hz sine wave alternating current (e.g., other
than standard pure or simple alternating current, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
567 | .... Using modifying agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 563. Process in which a gaseous, liquid, or
solid material is used to change the physical or electrical characteristics
of the emulsion or dispersion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
568 | ..... Gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Process in which the modifying agent is a gas or vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
569 | ..... Dielectric liquid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Process in which the modifying agent is a nonconducting
or insulating liquid (e.g., hydrocarbon
oil, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
570 | ..... Water: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Process in which the modifying agent consists of substantially
pure water (i.e., containing only
mere incidental impurities).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
571 | .. Removing solids: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 554. Process in which solid material is removed from the liquid
under treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
572 | ... Using cohesive filter or solid packing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 571. Process in which a cohesive filter medium or bed of solid
packing elements is used to remove the solids.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
573 | .. Resolving emulsion or dispersion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 554. Process which involves breaking an emulsion or dispersion
by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
192.1 | . Coating, forming or etching by sputtering: |
Processes for coating, forming or etching within
a vacuum environment involving bombarding a solid or liquid target
material with atomic particles (e.g., ions) to
cause some target material to be ejected (i.e., sputtered) by momentum
transfer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
192.11 | .. Ion beam sputter deposition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.1. Processes for the deposition of target material onto a surface (or substrate), to coat or form, wherein a beam of ions generated by an ions source remote from the target is employed to sputter material from the target. | |
192.12 | .. Glow discharge sputter deposition (e.g., cathode sputtering, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.1. Processes for the deposition of target material onto a surface (or substrate) wherein material is sputtered from the target in the presence of a glow discharge, e.g., cathode sputtering, etc. | |
192.13 | ... Measuring or testing (e.g., of operating parameters, property of articles, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.12. Processes wherein at least one characteristic of the process or the product produced is measured or tested. | |
192.14 | ... Coating inorganic material onto polymeric material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.12. Processes wherein inorganic coating material is deposited onto a polymeric material. | |
192.15 | ... Specified deposition material or use: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.12. Processes wherein the target or deposition material has
a designated chemical composition or the function of the product
is specified.
| |||
192.16 | .... Wear or abrasion resistant: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.15. Processes wherein the function of the coating is to enhance the wear or abrasion resistance of the product. | |
192.17 | .... Electrical contact material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.15. Processes wherein the material functions as an electrical contact or electrode. | |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.15. Process wherein the material exhibits piezoelectric properties (e.g., conversion
of applied voltage to physical motion).
| |||
192.2 | .... Ferromagnetic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.15. Processes wherein the material exhibits ferromagnetic properties (e.g., hysteresis, etc.). | |
192.21 | .... Resistor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.15. Processes wherein the deposition material is characterized by a specified electrical resistivity and is adapted to function as a resistor in an electrical circuit. | |
192.22 | .... Insulator or dielectric: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.15. Processes wherein the material is characterized by low electrical conductivity. | |
192.23 | ..... Silicon containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.22. Processes wherein the material comprises silicon. | |
192.24 | .... Superconductor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.15. Processes wherein the material is characterized by an almost complete disappearance of electrical resistance at low temperatures. | |
192.25 | .... Semiconductor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.15. Processes wherein the material is a semiconductor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
192.26 | .... Optical or photoactive: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.15. Processes wherein the material is chosen on the basis of its optical properties or wherein a property of the material is altered in the presence of light (e.g., photoconductive, etc.). | |
192.27 | ..... Reflective: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.26. Processes wherein the function of the material is to reflect at least a part of the spectrum of visible light (e.g., coated glass for architectural applications). | |
192.28 | ..... Absorptive: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.26. Processes wherein the function of the material is to absorb at least part of the spectrum of visible light (e.g., coated panels for collecting solar energy). | |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.26. Processes wherein the material is electrically conductive and transparent to light. | |
192.3 | .... With sputter etching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.15. Processes wherein a sputter etching step is included in the process in addition to the sputter deposition step. | |
192.32 | .. Sputter etching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.1. Processes for removing materials from a substrate wherein
the substrate is subjected to bombardment by atomic particles (e.g., ions) and
the activation energy is supplied at least in part by momentum transfer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
192.33 | ... Measuring or treating (e.g., operating parameters, end point determination etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.32. Processes wherein at least one characteristic of the etching process or the substrate being etched is measured or tested, e.g., operating parameters, and point determination, etc. | |
192.34 | ... Ion beam etching (e.g., ion milling, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.32. Processes wherein a beam of ions generated by an ion source remote from the substrate is employed to sputter material from the substrate. | |
192.35 | ... Etching specified materials: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.32. Processes wherein the material being etched comprises a designated chemical composition (DCC). | |
192.36 | .... Organic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.35. Processes wherein the material being etched is organic material. | |
192.37 | .... Silicon containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.35. Processes wherein the material being etched is organic material. | |
192.38 | . Vacuum arc discharged coating: |
Processes for the deposition of a coating onto a substrate
within a vacuum environment by the action of an arc discharge between
an anode and a cathode wherein the source of material to be deposited
forms or is associated with the cathode.
| |||
Apparatus specialized for carrying out any of the processes of this class and not provided for in subclasses indented hereunder. | |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for performing electrolytic operations coming. | |
400 | .. Analysis and testing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Apparatus for utilizing electrolytic action for analysis
or testing where the testing device is claimed, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||
401 | ... Fault testing of sensor or component: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus including means for detecting the nonoperative condition of the electrochemical testing device or apparatus associated with it. | |
402 | ... Regeneration or activation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus which includes means for restoring the function
of a spent or contaminated sensor part, or means for activating
an electrochemical sensor for the performance of a test.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
403.01 | ... Biological material (e.g., microbe, enzyme, antigen, etc.) analyzed, tested, or included in apparatus: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus which includes a biological material or is
adapted to measure electrolytically some property of a biological
material (e.g., microbe, enzyme, antigen, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
403.02 | .... Disposable apparatus or apparatus having removable section (e.g., removable cartridge, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.01. Apparatus which is intended to be discarded after use or
is provided with a part or section designed to be detached and/or replaced
with another part or section (e.g., removable
cartridge, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
403.03 | ..... Plural measuring sections or zones: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.02. Apparatus having two or more distinguishable parts or regions
for conducting electrolytic testing or analysis.
| |||
403.04 | ..... Enzyme included in apparatus: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.02. Apparatus which includes an enzyme.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||
403.05 | ...... With semipermeable membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.04. Apparatus having a membrane to separate some particles, molecules, or
species from others by allowing only some of the particles, molecules, or
species to pass through while others are retained at or stopped
from passing through the membrane.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
403.06 | .... With semipermeable membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.01. Apparatus having a membrane to separate some particles, molecules, or
species from others by allowing only some of the particles, molecules, or
species to pass through while others are retained at or stopped
from passing through the membrane.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
403.07 | ..... For blocking passage of macromolecules (molecular weight greater than or equal to 8,000): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.06. Apparatus in which the membrane is used to prevent passage of large molecules with a molecular weight greater than or equal to 8,000 (e.g., proteins, etc.). | |
403.08 | ...... Lipid included in apparatus: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.07. Apparatus which includes a lipid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
403.09 | ...... Enzyme included in apparatus: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.07. Apparatus which includes an enzyme.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
403.1 | ..... Enzyme included in apparatus: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.06. Apparatus which includes an enzyme.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
403.11 | ...... Glucose oxidase: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.1. Apparatus in which the enzyme is glucose oxidase.
| |||
403.12 | ....... With diverse enzyme or catalyst (e.g., bienzyme or coenzyme system, glucose oxidase with Pt catalyst, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.11. Apparatus which includes (a) another different enzyme (in addition to glucose oxidase) or (b) a nonenzymatic catalyst (in addition to the enzyme glucose oxidase) (e.g., bienzyme or coenzyme system, glucose oxidase with Pt catalyst, etc.). | |
403.13 | ..... And microelectrode (i.e., at least one electrode dimension is less than 500 microns): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.06. Apparatus having an electrode with at least one dimension (e.g., thickness, diameter, etc.) which
is less than 500 microns (i.e., 0.5 mm).
| |||
403.14 | .... Enzyme included in apparatus: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.01. Apparatus which includes an enzyme.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
403.15 | .... Electrode containing free carbon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 403.01. Apparatus having an electrode containing free carbon (e.g., graphite, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
404 | ... Corrosion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus for electrolytically testing the corrosion resistance
of materials or the effect of corrosive or corrosion inhibiting
materials.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
405 | ... Titration: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus which is designed for or combined with means for
conducting an electrolytic titration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
406 | ... With significant electrical circuitry or nominal computer device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus in which the measuring electrode is operable connected
to a claimed arrangement of electrical elements or is claimed as
connected to a computer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
407 | ... With significant display or analytical device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus in which the electrical signal produced by the
measuring electrode is claimed as driving a device which produces
a visible or audible signal or an analytical device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
408 | ... With means for temperature or pressure compensation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus including means for compensating for the physical
or electrical effects of temperature or pressure on the apparatus.
| |||
409 | ... With means providing specified flow-condition or flow-path: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus which is designed to provide a particular flow-path
through or around an electrode surface or to promote a particular
type of flow over the electrode surface.
| |||
410 | .... Solid electrolyte means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Apparatus which incorporates a solid electrolyte.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
411 | .... Three or more electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Apparatus which contains an arrangement of three or more electrodes. | |
412 | ... Three or more electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus in which there are three or more electrodes.
| |||
413 | ... Liquid electrodes, e.g., Hg, Na, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus in which at least one electrode is a liquid.
| |||
414 | ... Gel electrolyte: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus in which the electrolyte is a gel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
415 | ... Selectively permeable membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus in which a constituent of the fluid being treated
diffuses through a material which acts as a barrier to other constituents
of the fluid permitting only the selected constituent to contract
the electrode surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
416 | ... Ion-sensitive electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus which incorporates means which permit only desired
ionic species to participate in the electrochemical reaction in
a sensing electrode.
| |||
417 | .... Liquid ion-exchanger: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Apparatus in which the ion-exchange medium is a liquid. | |
418 | .... Organic membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Apparatus in which the ion-selective membrane is
organic.
| |||||
419 | .... Inorganic membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Apparatus in which the ion-selective membrane is inorganic. | |
420 | ..... Glass ion-selective membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Apparatus in which the inorganic ion-selective membrane is glass. | |
421 | ... Solid electrolyte: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus which incorporates a solid electrolyte. | |
422 | .... Liquid sample sensor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 421. Apparatus which is adapted to be used for the analysis or
testing of a liquid sample.
| |||
423 | ..... With fugitive protective element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Apparatus in which part of the sensor is designed to protect
the remainder from environmental damage and having served this function
is designed to decompose leaving the sensor element in contact with
the liquid sample.
| |||
424 | .... Gas sample sensor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 421. Apparatus in which the primary component of the sample is
gaseous.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
425 | ..... With impressed current means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 424. Apparatus in which a current is impressed on the sensor
by means other than interaction with the sample or reference material.
| |||
426 | ..... Planar electrode surface: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 424. Apparatus in which the sensing element is generally flat.
| |||
427 | ..... With gas reference material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 424. Apparatus having a solid electrolyte with electrode films
attached to the sides which are in turn in contact with a gas sample
and a reference gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
428 | ...... With protective element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Apparatus in which part of the sensor assembly to shield
the remainder from the deleterious chemical or physical effects
of the sample or atmospheric gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
429 | ....... Protective element is a layer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Apparatus in which the protective element is an adherent
layer on the surface of the sensor assembly.
| |||
430 | ... Moisture absorbing electrolyte: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus in which the electrolyte of the sensor absorbs
water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
431 | ... Gas sensing electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus which detects the presence quantity or identity
of a gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
432 | .... With gas diffusion electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Apparatus in which a gas diffuses through part of an electrode. | |
433 | ... Measuring carbon content or pH: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus for the measurement of the quality of carbon in
a fluid or for the measurement of the hydrogen ion content of a
fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
434 | ... Involving plating, coating or stripping: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus including means for electrolytically applying
or removing a layer of material in the performance of a test or
analysis.
| |||||
435 | ... Standard reference electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus including means for producing a precise and reproducible
reference potential.
| |||
196.01 | .. Object protection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Apparatus having means for utilizing an electrolytic current
or potential (a) to prevent corrosion, scale
formation, or other objectionable action in or on a solid
object or (b) to neutralize, correct, or
reverse corrosion, scale formation, or other objectionable
action that occurs when a solid object is in normal use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||
196.02 | ... With control means responsive to sensed condition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus including means for detecting an apparatus or
process characteristic or a change therein and for controlling (i.e., regulating) operation
of the apparatus or process based on the detected characteristic
or change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||
196.03 | .... And programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.02. Apparatus also having control means for (a) storing
coded instructions or other data used to regulate operation of the
apparatus, (b) repetitively regulating
a sequence of operational steps performed in or by the apparatus, or (c) causing
various operations to occur according to preset timing sequences
or to last for predetermined durations (e.g., timer switches, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
196.04 | .... Internal battery: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.02. Apparatus having an internal power supply (i.e., a
power supply integral with the apparatus).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
196.05 | ... With programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus having control means for (a) storing
coded instructions or other data used to regulate operation of the
apparatus, (b) repetitively regulating
a sequence of operational steps performed in or by the apparatus, or (c) causing
various operations to occur according to preset timing sequences
or to last for predetermined durations (e.g., timer switches, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
196.06 | ... With measuring, testing, or sensing means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus having measuring, detecting, or
testing means for a characteristic, condition, or
property of the apparatus or an element associated with the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||
196.07 | .... Internal battery: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.06. Apparatus having an internal power supply (i.e., a
power supply integral with the apparatus).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
196.08 | ... With gas or vapor removing or treating means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus having means for exhausting, separating, or
otherwise treating a gas or vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
196.09 | ... Plural cells used or protected: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus having two or more distinct cell units for object
protection or means for protecting two or more distinct cell units.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
196.1 | ... Internal battery: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus having an internal power supply (i.e., a
power supply integral with the apparatus).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
196.11 | .... Resistor or impedance in series between anode and object: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Apparatus having an element or device which imposes a
specified or expressly stated opposition to electrolytic current
and is positioned in series between a positive electrode and the
protected object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
196.12 | .... With fluid filter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Apparatus having a foraminous or porous mass to trap
one or more constituents while allowing remaining fluid to pass
therethrough.
| |||
196.13 | .... With bypass means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Apparatus having means for redirecting fluid flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
196.14 | .... Anode moving relative to object: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Apparatus having means for changing position or orientation
of a positive electrode with respect to the object (e.g., loosely
stacked anode elements vibrating during electrolytic protection
of a fixed object, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
196.15 | .... With fluid inlet or outlet means used or protected: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Apparatus having at least one inlet or outlet or means
for protecting an object having at least one inlet or outlet (e.g., object
is a fluid heat exchanger or object protection means is a simple
fluid pipe which may or may not be connected to a tank or vessel, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
196.16 | ..... Dielectric coating, casing, or section: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.15. Apparatus having an electrically insulating coating, casing, or
section (e.g., solid dielectric
joins conductor or electrode sections into a rigid unit or provides
a protective barrier against corrosion, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
196.17 | .... Rigid anode with rigid support: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Apparatus having at least one stiff and relatively unyielding
positive electrode held in place by another means which is also
stiff and unyielding in order to hold flexing of the positive electrode
to a minimum (e.g., rigid magnesium
anode block bolted directly to a steel ship hull to protect the
hull from excessive corrosion in sea water, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
196.18 | ..... More than half of anode is or has coating, covering, or shield: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.17. Apparatus having a positive electrode serving as or provided with a coated layer, a surrounding mass, or a protective solid barrier in which either (1) more than half of the positive electrode is coated, covered, or shielded or (2) more than half the positive electrode functions as a coating, covering, or shield (e.g., particulate anode covered or shielded by a perforated support housing or canister, anode comprises a strong steel core which is encapsulated by a magnesium coating, etc.). | |
196.19 | ...... Dielectric coating, covering, or shield: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.18. Apparatus having an electrically insulating coating, covering, or
shield
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
196.2 | .... Flexible cable, chain, or wire anode or support: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Apparatus having a positive electrode constructed of or
supported by a flexible cable, chain, or wire (e.g., multiple
anode sections mounted along a hanging chain for support, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
196.21 | .... Earth grounded object or protection means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Apparatus which is or protects an object which is electrically
grounded to earth, positioned underground, or
at least partly submerged in ground water (e.g., protection
means is standing on ground outside, object is subsurface pipeline, object
is a ship hull in an ocean, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
196.22 | .... Copper and zinc electrically coupled or alloyed into one or more electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Apparatus having one or more electrodes containing copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) either incorporated into one or more alloys or as electrically coupled free metals or one or more alloys thereof such that at least one electrical contact exists between elemental copper and zinc, alloys thereof, or an alloy of copper and zinc which is in electrical contact with another metal or alloy (e.g., brass in electrical contact with iron, copper in electrical contact with zinc, etc.). | |
196.23 | .... Anode contains aluminum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.1. Apparatus having a positive electrode containing aluminum (Al) (e.g., aluminum free metal or aluminum containing alloy, etc.). | |
196.24 | ..... And magnesium: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.23. Apparatus having the positive electrode also containing magnesium (Mg) (e.g., magnesium free metal or magnesium containing alloy, etc.). | |
196.25 | ..... And zinc: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.23. Apparatus having the positive electrode also containing zinc (Zn) (e.g., zinc free metal or zinc containing alloy, etc.). | |
196.26 | ... Resistor or impedance in series between power supply and object: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus having an element or device which imposes a specified
or expressly stated opposition to electrolytic current and is positioned
in series between a power supply and the protected object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
196.27 | ... Alternative energy supply (e.g., solar panel, thermoelectric or piezoelectric power supply, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus having a power supply for electrolytic current
other than an electric battery (wet or dry cell), an
electrolytic fuel cell, or an electric dynamo or generator
turned by heated fluid from a boiler fired by fossil fuel (e.g., solar
panel, thermoelectric or piezoelectric power supply, etc.).
| |||
196.28 | ... Rotating electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus having means to turn an electrode, including
the object or a portion thereof, through at least one complete
revolution (360 o) during electrolytic object
protection.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
196.29 | ... Magnetic mounting means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus held or supported (e.g., on the object, etc.), at least in part, by magnetic force. | |
196.3 | ... Rigid anode with rigid support: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus having a stiff and relatively unyielding positive
electrode held in place by a means which is also stiff and unyielding
in order to hold flexing of the positive electrode to a minimum (e.g., rigid
anode block held by an insulated spacer and insulated bolts to a steel
ship hull (connected to a power supply as a cathode) to
protect the hull from excessive corrosion in sea water, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
196.31 | .... Threaded coupling for rigid anode or rigid support: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.3. Apparatus in which the positive electrode or support therefor has a threaded coupling (e.g., to allow relatively easy removal or installation of the rigid anode or its rigid support, etc.). | |
196.32 | ..... Dielectric thread: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.31. Apparatus having at least a portion of a threaded surface
on the coupling composed of or coated by an electrical insulator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
196.33 | ... Flexible cable, chain, or wire anode or support: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus having a positive electrode constructed of or
supported by a flexible cable, chain, or wire (e.g., an
anode section mounted at the end of a hanging cable for support, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
196.34 | .... Plural anode sections on single cable, chain, or wire: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.33. Apparatus having a unitary cable, chain, or
wire to link and support two or more positive electrode sections
to each other (e.g., multiple
anode sections mounted for support along a hanging chain, etc.).
| |||
196.35 | ..... Helically wound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.34. Apparatus having the cable, chain, or wire wound as a helix or spiral (e.g., cable anode attached in a spiral shape around metal pipe to protect the pipe from corrosion, two wires supporting plural attached anode sections are helically wound around a movable rod suspended down into sea water from dock to protect the dock from corrosion, etc.). | |
196.36 | ... Earth grounded object or protection means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus which is or protects an object which is electrically
grounded, positioned underground, or at least
partly submerged in water (e.g., object
is standing on ground outside, object is a ship hull in
an ocean, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
196.37 | ... Vessel protected (e.g., steam boiler, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus having means to protect a container (as the object) for solid or fluid material (e.g., steam boiler, etc.). | |
196.38 | ... Anode contains precious metal or free carbon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Apparatus having a positive electrode containing a precious
metal or free carbon (C).
| |||
This subclass has no definition. | |
198 | ... Work conveyer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Electrolytic apparatus in which means are provided for conveying in the electrolytic bath the article, material or work being treated, such work acting as one of the electrodes. | |
199 | .... Rotary: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Conveyors which give the articles a rotary movement through the bath. | |
200 | ..... With base treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Rotary conveyors with means to give the electrode base a
treatment preliminary or subsequent to the electrolysis.
| |||
201 | ..... Loose article: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Rotary conveyors specialized to convey articles in a loose condition within the electrolytic bath, that is, the articles are not fixed to a support while being treated. | |
202 | .... Endless: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus in which the conveyor is of the endless type. | |
203 | ..... With base treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Apparatus with additional means to treat the base before
or after the electrolytic action.
| |||
204 | ...... With current control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus in which is included control means for the current
supplied to the electrolytic device, or electrical control
for operation of apparatus included or combined with said device.
| |||
205 | ..... With current control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Apparatus in which a means is included for the control of
current supplied to the electrolytic device or to a device included
or combined therewith.
| |||
206 | ... Continuous strip or filament electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Electrolytic apparatus in which the electrode is moved in the form of a strip or filament of continuous or indefinite length. | |
207 | .... With base treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Apparatus which additional means to treat the base before or after the electrolytic action. | |
208 | ..... Stripping: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus wherein stripping means or means to assist stripping are included. | |
209 | ..... Mechanical working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus wherein means for mechanically working the base are included. | |
210 | ..... Heat treatment means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus wherein a means for heat treating the base is included. | |
211 | .... With current control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Apparatus including means to control the current supplied to the electrolytic device or to a device included or combined therewith. | |
212 | ... Rotary: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Electrolytic apparatus which is adapted to give the electrode
a rotary motion of more than 180 degrees.
| |||
213 | .... Barrels and rotary receptacles: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Apparatus falling in which the means to give the rotary
motion is a barrel or other rotary receptacle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
214 | ..... Swinging or tilting receptacles: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus in which means are provided to swing or tilt the axis of the barrel or other rotary receptacle, usually to assist charging or discharging. | |
215 | .... With base treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Apparatus in which the base is given an additional treatment before or after the electrolytic action. | |
216 | ..... Stripping: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Apparatus wherein stripping means are included. | |
217 | ..... Mechanical working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Apparatus in which means are included to give the base a mechanical working. | |
218 | .... With current control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Apparatus including control means for the current supplied to the electrolytic device or electrical control for operation of apparatus included or combined with said device. | |
219 | ... Liquid electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Electrolytic apparatus which includes means to move a liquid
electrode.
| |||
220 | .... With electrode recirculation means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus including means to recirculate the liquid electrode. | |
221 | .... With oscillator, reciprocator or agitator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus including means to oscillate, reciprocate or agitate the liquid electrode. | |
222 | ... Electrode oscillator, reciprocator or agitator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Electrolytic apparatus which provides means to oscillate, reciprocate
or agitate the electrodes.
| |||
223 | .... With current control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Apparatus including control means for the current supplied
to the electrolytic device, or electrical control for operation
of apparatus included or combined with said device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
224R | ... Localized area applicators: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Electrolytic apparatus wherein means are provided to localize
the areas to which electrolysis is applied.
| |||||
224M | .... Electrochemical machining |
This subclass has no definition. | |
225 | ... Electrode feeding or withdrawal means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Electrolytic apparatus wherein means are provided whereby an electrode may be fed to and/or withdrawn from the zone of electrolytic action and not falling within the subclasses above. | |
226 | .... With base treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus in which the base is given an additional treatment before or after the electrolytic action. | |
227 | .. Cells with base treatment means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Apparatus including an electrolytic cell and means to treat
the base before or after the electrolytic action.
| |||
228.1 | .. With current, voltage, or power control means responsive to sensed condition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Apparatus having means for detecting an apparatus or process
characteristic or a change therein and for controlling (i.e., regulating) current, voltage, or
power based on the detected characteristic or change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||
228.2 | ... Fluid level sensing means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 228.1. Apparatus having means for sensing level of a fluid. | |
228.3 | ... Fluid flow sensing means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 228.1. Apparatus having means for sensing flow of a fluid. | |
228.4 | ... Fluid pressure sensing means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 228.1. Apparatus having means for sensing pressure of a fluid. | |
228.5 | .... Gaseous fluid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 228.4. Apparatus having means for sensing pressure of a gas or vapor. | |
228.6 | ... Electrolyte property sensing means (e.g., temperature, concentration, pH, conductivity, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 228.1. Apparatus having means for sensing an electrolyte property (e.g., temperature, concentration, pH, conductivity, etc.). | |
228.7 | ... Workpiece property sensing means (e.g., mass, coating thickness, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 228.1. Apparatus having means for sensing a workpiece property (e.g., mass, coating
thickness, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
228.8 | ... Workpiece presence, position, or movement sensing means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 228.1. Apparatus having means for sensing presence, position, or movement of a workpiece. | |
228.9 | ... Having auxiliary electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 228.1. Apparatus having another electrode in addition to at least one working electrode and at least one counter electrode. | |
229.1 | .... Reference electrode as or with auxiliary electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 228.9. Apparatus having a reference electrode as or in addition
to the auxiliary electrode.
| |||
229.2 | ... And programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 228.1. Apparatus also having control means for (a) storing
coded instructions or other data used to regulate operation of the
apparatus, (b) repetitively regulating
a sequence of operational steps performed in or by the apparatus, or (c) causing
various operations to occur according to preset timing sequences
or to last for predetermined durations (e.g., timer
switches, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
229.3 | .... For controlling waveform supplied to working electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 229.2. Apparatus having the programmed, cyclic, or time
responsive control means adapted to control a waveform supplied
to a working electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
229.4 | .. With programmed, cyclic, or time responsive current, voltage, or power control means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Apparatus having control means for (a) storing coded
instructions or other data used to control current, voltage, or
power during operation of the apparatus, (b) repetitively
regulating current, voltage, or power during operation
of the apparatus, or (c) controlling
current, voltage, or power according to preset
timing sequences or to last for predetermined durations (e.g., timer switches, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||
229.5 | ... For controlling waveform supplied to working electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 229.4. Apparatus having the programmed, cyclic, or time
responsive control means adapted to control a waveform supplied
to a working electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
229.6 | ... For simultaneously reversing polarity of working and counter electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 229.4. Apparatus having the programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means adapted to simultaneously reverse polarity of working and counter electrodes. | |
229.7 | ... Having specified circuit details: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 229.4. Apparatus having more than a nominal recitation of circuitry for the programmed, cyclic or time responsive control means. | |
229.8 | .. With means for measuring, testing, or sensing current, voltage, or power: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Apparatus having means for measuring, testing or
sensing current, voltage, or power during electrolysis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
229.9 | ... Having auxiliary electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 229.8. Apparatus having another electrode in addition to at least one working electrode and at least one counter electrode. | |
230.1 | .... Reference electrode as or with auxiliary electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 229.9. Apparatus having a reference electrode as or in addition
to the auxiliary electrode.
| |||
230.2 | .. With current, voltage, or power control means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Apparatus having means for controlling current, voltage, or
power.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
230.3 | ... Mechanical: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.2. Apparatus having a mechanical device for controlling current, voltage, or power. | |
230.4 | ... For inhibiting short circuits: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.2. Apparatus having current, voltage, or power control means adapted to prevent short circuits. | |
230.5 | ... Switch or connector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.2. Apparatus having switching or connecting means for controlling current, voltage, or power. | |
230.6 | ... For controlling waveform: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.2. Apparatus having current, voltage, or
power control means adapted to control a waveform applied to an
electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
230.7 | ... Having auxiliary electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.2. Apparatus having at least one electrode in addition to at least one working electrode and at least one counter electrode. | |
230.8 | ... Having specified circuit details: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.2. Apparatus having more than a nominal recitation of the current, voltage, or power control means. | |
232 | .. Cells with electrolyte treatment means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Apparatus including an electrolytic cell and additional means to provide for chemical or physical treatment of the electrolyte outside the cell. | |
233 | ... Leacher, dissolver or extractor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in which the additional electrolyte treatment means includes a leacher, dissolver or extractor. | |
234 | .... Recirculation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus including means to recirculate the electrolyte.
| |||||
235 | ..... With filter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus in which the additional electrolyte treatment
means includes a filter.
| |||||
236 | ..... With heater or cooler: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus in which the additional electrolyte treatment
means includes a heater or cooler.
| |||||
237 | ... Recirculation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in which the additional electrolyte treatment
means includes means to recirculate the electrolyte.
| |||||
238 | .... With filter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Apparatus in which the additional electrolyte treatment
means includes a filter.
| |||||||
239 | .... With heater or cooler: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Apparatus in which the additional electrolyte treatment
means includes a heater or cooler.
| |||||||
240 | ... With filter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in which the additional electrolyte treatment
means includes a filter.
| |||||
241 | ... With heater or cooler: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in which the additional electrolyte treatment
means includes a heater or cooler.
| |||||
242 | .. Cells: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Electrolytic cells falling specialized to carry out any
of the processes of this class.
| |||||
243.1 | ... Fused bath: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Apparatus having as an electrolyte a substance or mixture
of material which normally exists in a solid or non-fluid
physical state at normal room temperature (e.g., nonaqueous
mixture, etc.) and in which the electrolyte
is heated during electrolysis to an elevated temperature at which
the electrolyte will change physical state to become fluid (e.g., molten
salt, etc.)
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
244 | .... Plural cells: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Electrolytic cells consisting of two or more distinct cell
units.
| |||
245 | .... With feeding and/or withdrawal means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Electrolytic cells provided with means to feed to or withdraw
material from the cell chamber.
| |||
246 | ..... Gas feeding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Electrolytic cells provided with means to feed gaseous material
to the cell chamber.
| |||
247 | ..... Gas withdrawal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Electrolytic cells provided with means to withdraw a gas
from the cell chamber.
| |||
247.1 | .... With magnetic field effect compensating means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243.1. Apparatus having means to counteract or compensate for
an undesired magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
247.2 | .... With means for cleaning electrode element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243.1. Apparatus having means for removing foreign material from
an electrode element (e.g., anode stud, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
247.3 | .... Refractory hard material (RHM) containing electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243.1. Apparatus having at least one electrode element containing a material which (a) poses significant resistance to corrosion or wear at high temperatures, (b) provides a surface which is wettable by most molten metals, and (c) conducts electrical current (e.g., electrode containing a boride, carbide, or nitride of niobium, titanium, or zirconium, etc.). | |
247.4 | .... With cell lining or coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243.1. Apparatus having an electrolytic cell with a laminated
or coated layer.
| |||
247.5 | ..... Thermal effect compensating means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 247.4. Apparatus having a means to permit deformation of the lining with changes in cell dimensions as a result of differences in temperature (e.g., inner lining is equipped with thermal expansion joints, etc.). | |
248 | ... Internal battery: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Electrolytic cells in which the current supply is provided
by means of an internal battery.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
249 | .... Filter or loose electrode type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Electrolytic cells including a filter or a loose electrode material which may be in the form of a filter bed. | |
250 | ... Liquid electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Electrolytic cells in which one of the electrodes of the
cell is a liquid.
| |||
251 | .... Diaphragm type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Electrolytic cells in which the electrodes are separated
by a diaphragm.
| |||
252 | ... Diaphragm type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Electrolytic cells in which the electrodes are separated
by a diaphragm.
| |||||||
253 | .... Plural cells: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Electrolytic cells consisting of two or more distinct units.
| |||
254 | ..... Bipolar electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Electrolytic cells in which at least one of the units contains
an electrode of the bi-polar type, i.e., one
wherein an electrode bears one polarity with respect to a second
electrode and a different polarity with respect to a third electrode.
| |||
255 | ...... With feeding and/or withdrawal means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Electrolytic cells provided with means to feed to or withdraw
material from the cell chamber.
| |||
256 | ....... Gas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Electrolytic cells in which the material feed or withdrawn
is a gas.
| |||
257 | ..... With feeding and/or withdrawal means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Electrolytic cells provided with means to feed or withdraw
material from the cell chamber.
| |||
258 | ...... Gas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Electrolytic cells in which the material fed or withdrawn
is a gas.
| |||
259 | .... Basket-type electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Electrolytic cells in which at least one of the electrodes is in the form of a basket, or of a porous or foraminous container surrounding the other electrode or electrodes. | |
260 | .... Concentrically arranged electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Electrolytic cells in which two or more of the electrodes
are arranged concentrically one within the other.
| |||||
261 | .... With agitator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Electrolytic cells provided with an agitator for the electrolyte
or the material being treated.
| |||||
262 | .... With heater or cooler: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Electrolytic cells provided with a heating or cooling means.
| |||||
263 | .... With feeding and/or withdrawal means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Electrolytic cells provided with means to feed or withdraw
material from the cell chamber.
| |||
264 | ..... And filter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Electrolytic cells including a filter as part of the cell.
| |||||
265 | ..... Gas feeding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Electrolytic cells provided with means to feed a gaseous
material to the cell chamber.
| |||
266 | ..... Gas withdrawal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Electrolytic cells provided with means to withdraw a gas
from the cell chamber.
| |||
267 | ... Plural cells: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Electrolytic cells consisting of two or more distinct units.
| |||
268 | .... Bipolar electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Electrolytic cells in which at least one of the units contains
an electrode of the bi-polar type, i.e., one
wherein an electrode bears one polarity with respect to a second
electrode and a different polarity with respect to a third electrode.
| |||
269 | .... With feeding and/or withdrawal means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Electrolytic cells in which means are provided to feed to
and/or withdraw material from the cell chamber.
| |||
270 | ..... Gas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Electrolytic cells in which material fed or withdrawn is
a gas.
| |||
271 | ... Portable: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Electrolytic cells which are peculiarly designed so as to
be portable.
| |||
272 | ... Concentrically arranged electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Electrolytic cells in which two or more of the electrodes
are arranged concentrically one within the other.
| |||
273 | ... With agitator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Electrolytic cells provided with an agitator for the electrolyte
or the material being treated.
| |||||
274 | ... With heater and cooler: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Electrolytic cells provided with means for heating and/or
cooling.
| |||||||
275.1 | ... With feeding and/or withdrawal means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Electrolytic cells having means to feed and/or withdraw
material from the cell chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
276 | .... And filter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Electrolytic cells provided with a filter.
| |||||
277 | .... Gas feeding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Electrolytic cells provided with means to feed a gas to
the cell chamber.
| |||
278 | .... Gas withdrawal : |
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Electrolytic cells provided with means to withdraw a gas
from the cell chamber.
| |||
278.5 | .... Parallel plate type electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 275.1. Electrolytic cells having at least two plate type electrodes
arranged in parallel fashion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
279 | .. Elements: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196.01. Elements specialized for carrying out any of the electrolytic processes provided for in this class which are not provided for in outside classes or below. | |
280 | ... Electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Apparatus consisting of electrodes useful for carrying out
the processes herein provided for and combinations of such electrodes
with other elements not provided for in any foregoing group of patents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
281 | .... Electroforming molds or strips plates: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Electrodes, generally known as electroforming molds or strip plates, constructed or modified to facilitate formation of temporary coatings thereon and from which the coating or deposit is to be stripped or otherwise removed. | |
282 | .... With diaphragm: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Electrodes claimed in combination with electrolytic diaphragms.
| |||
283 | ..... Perforated or foraminous electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Electrode combinations in which the electrode is perforated
or foraminous. Such perforated or foraminous electrodes
may operate as supports or containers for the work or material being subjected
to electrolytic action.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
284 | .... Perforated or foraminous: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Electrodes which are perforated or foraminous.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
285 | ..... Work holder: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Electrodes constructed so as to constitute holders for the
material or article being subjected to electrolytic treatment.
| |||
286.1 | .... With electrode supporting means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Electrode having electrode supporting means (e.g., electrode
with hook or frame to hold the electrode within an electrolytic
cell chamber, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
287 | ..... Work container: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Electrodes in which the support is in the form of a container
holding the work or material treated wherein the container does
not act as an electrode.
| |||
288 | ..... Electrodes with lateral extensions: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Electrodes wherein the active portion of the electrode comprises two or more lateral extensions. | |
288.1 | ..... And dielectric gasket or spacer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 286.1. Apparatus also having an electrically insulating gasket
or spacer (e.g., fluid seal
between electrode and support, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
288.2 | ..... And additional electrical conductor of diverse material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 286.1. Apparatus also having an additional electrical conductor
of different chemical composition.
| |||
288.3 | ..... Including resilient means (e.g., spring, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 286.1. Apparatus including a resilient means (e.g., coil
tension spring, metal spring clip, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
288.4 | ..... Including threaded connector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 286.1. Apparatus including a threaded attachment or holding means (e.g., thumb
screw, nut and bolt, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
288.5 | ...... Having wedge or tapered tightening means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4. Apparatus having a wedge or tapered tightening means (e.g, cone
shaped insert inside a corresponding matching opening to allow tightening
of a physical or electrical connection by drawing or pushing the
cone into the opening to provide better contact, etc.).
| |||
288.6 | ..... Hook or loop: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 286.1. Apparatus having a hook or loop (e.g., electrode
having a hook or loop to allow suspension in dangling fashion from
an engaged horizontal rod, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
289 | .... With lateral extensions: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Electrodes wherein the active portion of the electrode comprises
two or more lateral extensions.
| |||
290.01 | .... Laminated or coated (i.e., composite having two or more layers): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Electrode having a first laminated or coated layer attached
to a second layer (i.e, composite having
2 or more layers).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
290.02 | ..... Actinide series element (i.e., Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, or Lr) or compound containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.01. Electrode containing an actinide series element (i.e., actinium (Ac), thorium (Th), protactinium (Pa), uranium (U), neptunium (Np), plutonium (Pu), americium (Am), curium (Cm), berkelium (Bk), californium (Cf), einsteinium (Es), fermium (Fm), mendelevium (Md), nobelium (No), or lawrencium (Lr)) or a compound thereof. | |
290.03 | ..... Having three or more layers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.01. Electrode having a total of three or more layers.
| |||
290.04 | ...... Rare earth metal (i.e., Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, or Lu) or compound containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.03. Electrode containing a rare earth metal (i.e., scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), or lutetium (Lu)) or
a compound thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
290.05 | ...... Organic compound containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.03. Electrode containing an organic compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
290.06 | ....... And noble metal (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Ag, or Au) or compound containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.05. Electrode also containing a noble metal (i.e, ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), or
gold (Au)) or a compound thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
290.07 | ....... And free carbon containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.05. Electrode also containing free carbon (C).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
290.08 | ...... Noble metal (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Ag, or Au) or compound containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.03. Electrode containing a noble metal (i.e, ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), or
gold (Au)) or a compound thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
290.09 | ....... Plural metal oxides containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.08. Electrode containing two or more metal oxide compounds (e.g., RuO2 and TiO2 mixed in a composite layer on Cr-doped Ti layer with Ti substrate, IrO2 coated on Ta intermediate layer with TiO2 substrate, etc.). | |
290.1 | ..... Rare earth metal (i.e., Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, or Lu) or compound containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.01. Electrode containing a rare earth metal (i.e., scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), or lutetium (Lu)) or
a compound thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
290.11 | ..... Organic compound containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.01. Electrode containing an organic compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
290.12 | ..... Refractory metal (i.e., Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb or Cb, Mo, Hf, Ta, or W) or compound containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.01. Electrode containing a refractory metal (i.e., titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb) or columbium (Cb), molybdenum (Mo), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), or
tungsten (wolfram) (W)) or
a compound thereof.
| |||
290.13 | ...... Surface layer contains electrolytically exposed refractory metal or compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.12. Electrode having a surface layer containing refractory metal or a compound thereof directly exposed to an electrolytic environment. | |
290.14 | ..... Noble metal (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Ag, or Au) or compound containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.01. Electrode containing a noble metal (i.e., ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), or
gold (Au)) or a compound thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
290.15 | ..... Free carbon containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.01. Electrode containing free carbon (C).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
291 | .... Composition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Electrodes in which are defined merely by the composition
of which they are composed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
292 | ..... Metallic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Electrode compositions in which a metal in the free or uncombined
state comprises one of the essential ingredients of the composition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
293 | ...... Alloys: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Electrodes in which an alloy comprises an essential ingredient of the composition. Steel or other metal containing alloys or carbon, silicon and other nonmetallic elements are here included as metallic alloys. | |
294 | ..... Carbon containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Electrodes in which carbon comprises one of the essential
ingredients.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
295 | ... Diaphragms: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Apparatus in which the element is a diaphragm constructed
for the performance of any of the electrolytic processes of this
class.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
296 | .... Organic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Electrolytic diaphragms comprising as an essential part thereof an organic member, compound or composition. | |
297.01 | ... Electrode support or work holder: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Apparatus in which the element is an electrode support
or a work holder specialized for use in an electrolytic apparatus
of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
297.02 | .... Magnetic support: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.01. Apparatus having magnetic support means for an electrode or a workpiece. | |
297.03 | .... Vacuum support: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.01. Apparatus having vacuum (i.e., to create suction) support means for an electrode or a workpiece. | |
297.04 | .... Float or buoyant support: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.01. Apparatus having a float or buoyant support means for an electrode or a workpiece. | |
297.05 | .... Mask for workpiece: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.01. Apparatus having a mask to partially cover and allow selective
treatment of only a portion of a workpiece.
| |||
297.06 | .... Workpiece rack: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.01. Apparatus having a framework, stand, or
grating on or in which workpiece articles can be held for treatment (e.g., porous
wire basket, overhead bar holding suspended frame and attached
workpiece, etc.).
| |||
297.07 | ..... Adjustable: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.06. Apparatus having means specifically designed to allow adjustment
of the workpiece articles or the workpiece rack (e.g., means
for altering workpiece position or orientation, slide bar, lever, bolt
in slot, etc.).
| |||
297.08 | ...... Mechanized: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.07. Apparatus having machine operated means to move or adjust the workpiece articles or the workpiece rack (e.g., pneumatic piston, robotic arm, electric motor, etc.). | |
297.09 | ...... Including resilient means (e.g., spring, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.07. Apparatus including a resilient means (e.g., coil
tension spring, metal spring clip, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
297.1 | ..... Including resilient means (e.g., spring, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.06. Apparatus including a resilient means (e.g., coil
tension spring, metal spring clip, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
297.11 | ..... Porous enclosure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.06. Apparatus having porous means to surround, protect, or
retain a workpiece for treatment (e.g., wire
basket, perforated bowl, strainer, cage, perforated
support housing or canister, etc.).
| |||||
297.12 | ..... Grid or grating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.06. Apparatus having a foraminous plate or screen to hold a
workpiece while allowing it to protrude or extend beyond the plate
or screen.
| |||
297.13 | ..... Including threaded connector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.06. Apparatus including a threaded attachment or holding means (e.g., thumb
screw, nut and bolt, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
297.14 | .... Including resilient means (e.g., spring, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.01. Apparatus including a resilient means (e.g., coil
tension spring, metal spring clip, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
297.15 | .... Including threaded connector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.01. Apparatus including a threaded attachment or holding means (e.g., thumb
screw, nut and bolt, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
297.16 | .... Hook or loop: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.01. Apparatus having a hook or loop (e.g., workpiece
having a hook or loop to allow suspension in dangling fashion from
an engaged horizontal rod, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
298.01 | . Coating, forming or etching by sputtering: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Apparatus specialized for coating, forming, or etching by sputtering within a vacuum environment (i.e., under reduced pressure) involving bombarding a solid or liquid target with atomic particles to cause target material to be ejected therefrom by momentum transfer. | |
298.02 | .. Coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.01. Apparatus including means for the deposition of a coating
material on a workpiece (i.e., substrate).
| |||
298.03 | ... Measuring, analyzing or testing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus including means for measuring, analyzing or testing at least one process parameter or product characteristic. | |
298.04 | ... Ion beam sputter deposition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus wherein a beam of ions generated by a separate ion source remote from the target is employed to sputter material from the target so that a coating of target material is deposited on a workpiece. | |
298.05 | ... Ion plating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus additionally including means for ionizing at least
a portion of the evaporated coated material and for applying a potential
to the workpiece, whereby the workpiece is simultaneously
subjected to electrostatically aided deposition and sputter etching due
to ionic bombardment.
| |||||
298.06 | ... Triode, tetrode, auxiliary electrode or biased workpiece: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus including electrode means (e.g., thermionic filament, screen grid, auxiliary electrode, etc.) in addition to an anode and a cathode, or including workpiece biasing means. | |
298.07 | ... Specified gas feed or withdrawal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus including significant specified means for feeding
or withdrawing reactive or inert gases from the coating chamber.
| |||
298.08 | ... Specified power supply or matching network: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus including significant specified power supply means
or matching network means.
| |||
298.09 | ... Specified cooling or heating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus including significant specified means for cooling
or heating of an electrode or work holder.
| |||
298.11 | ... Specified mask, shield or shutter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus including significant specified means for masking, shielding
or shuttering of electrodes or workpieces.
| |||
298.12 | ... Specified target particulars: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus wherein a significant target feature or particular
target construction is specified.
| |||
298.13 | .... Target composition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.12. Apparatus wherein the composition of the target is specified. | |
298.14 | ... Specified anode particulars: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus wherein a significant anode feature or particular anode construction is specified. | |
298.15 | ... Specified work holder: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus including significant specified means for holding
a workpiece.
| |||
298.16 | ... Magnetically enhanced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus including significant means for magnetic enhancement
of target sputtering, plasma shaping or confinement, or
control of deposition parameters or deposit characteristics.
| |||||
298.17 | .... Flux passes through target surface: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.16. Apparatus including means to allow the flux to pass through a target surface. | |
298.18 | ..... Focusing target (e.g., conical target, plural inclined targets, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.17. Apparatus including a magnetically enhanced sputtering target surface of conical or other particle flux focusing geometry. | |
298.19 | ..... Planar magnetron: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.17. Apparatus including a magnetically enhanced generally flat planar sputtering target surface wherein lines of magnetic flux emerge from and return to the flat planar sputtering target surface. | |
298.2 | ...... Moving magnetic field or target: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.19. Apparatus including means for mechanically moving or electrically shifting the magnetic enhancement means or lines of magnetic flux, or the sputtering surface, relative to each other. | |
298.21 | ..... Cylindrical or curved magnetron target: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.17. Apparatus including a magnetically enhanced curved sputtering
target surface which may be of cylindrical geometry.
| |||
298.22 | ...... Moving magnetic field or target: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.21. Apparatus including means for mechanically moving or electrically shifting the magnetic enhancement means or lines of magnetic flux, or the sputtering surface, relative to each other. | |
298.23 | ... Moving workpiece or target: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.02. Apparatus including means for moving the target or workpiece relative to each other. | |
298.24 | .... Indeterminate length moving workpiece: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.23. Apparatus including means for moving an elongated workpiece of indeterminate length. | |
298.25 | .... Multi-chamber (e.g., including air lock, load/unload chamber, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.23. Apparatus including a plurality of distinct chambers or subchambers (e.g., air lock, loading or unloading chamber, plural diverse treatment chambers, etc.) and means for moving at least one workpiece through the plurality of chambers or subchambers. | |
298.26 | .... Plural diverse treatment stations, zones, or coating material source within single chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.23. Apparatus including plural diverse treatment stations or zones (e.g., plural sputter coating stations, sputter coating and etching stations, or sputter coating and other pre-treatment or post-treatment stations, etc.) within a single chamber and means for moving at least one workpiece through the plurality of stations or zones. | |
298.27 | .... Plural modes of movement (e.g., planetary, epicyclic, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.23. Apparatus including means for moving the target or workpiece in plural modes (e.g., directions), such as planetary or epicyclic motion. | |
298.28 | .... Rotational movement: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.23. Apparatus including means for rotating the target or workpiece. | |
298.29 | .... Oscillatory movement: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.23. Apparatus including means for oscillating the target or workpiece. | |
298.31 | .. Etching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.01. Apparatus including means for the removal of material from a workpiece (i.e., substrate) by subjecting it to bombardment by atomic particles (e.g., ions), whereby the activation energy of material removal is supplied at least in part by momentum transfer. | |
298.32 | ... Measuring, analyzing or testing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.31. Apparatus including means for measuring, analyzing or testing at least one process parameter or product characteristic (e.g., end-point determination, etc.). | |
298.33 | ... Specified gas feed or withdrawal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.31. Apparatus including significant specified means for feeding
or withdrawing reactive or inert gases from the etching chamber.
| |||
298.34 | ... Auxiliary electrode, bias means or specified power supply: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.31. Apparatus including electrode means in addition to an anode and cathode (e.g., auxiliary electrode, etc.), workpiece biasing means, or significant specified power supply means. | |
298.35 | ... Multi-chamber, load/unload means or moving workpiece: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.31. Apparatus including a plurality of distinct chambers or subchambers, means for loading or unloading a workpiece, or means for moving a workpiece. | |
298.36 | ... Beam or directed flux etching (e.g., ion beam, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.31. Apparatus including means for sputter etching or ion milling a workpiece utilizing a beam of ions or directed flux generated from a separate ion source. | |
298.37 | ... Magnetically enhanced: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.31. Apparatus including means for magnetic enhancement of workpiece sputtering, plasma shaping or confinement, or control of etching parameters. | |
298.38 | ... Microwave excitation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.31. Apparatus including means for generating plasma by excitation from a source of microwaves. | |
298.39 | ... Plural parallel plates (e.g., desmearing reactor, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298.31. Apparatus including a plurality of spaced apart, parallel electrode plates or workpiece holders (e.g., desmearing reactor, etc.). | |
298.41 | . Vacuum arc discharge coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Apparatus for coating a workpiece within a vacuum environment
by the action of an arc discharge between an anode and a cathode wherein
the source of coating material forms or is associated with the cathode.
| |||
600 | . Electrophoretic or electro-osmotic apparatus: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Apparatus used to conduct processes involving (a) the
travel, transport, or relative movement of one
or more particles or components in a conducting liquid or fluent
material, other than a gas, under a net unidirectional
electric stress or (b) the movement of a liquid
inside the capillary spaces of a solid (e.g., membrane, etc.) under
the influence of an electric field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
601 | .. Capillary electrophoresis type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Apparatus having a tube with an inside diameter less than
1 mm in which particles or components migrate in an electric field
through a conducting liquid or fluent material.
| |||
602 | ... With control means responsive to sensed condition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Apparatus in which means are provided to detect an apparatus
or process characteristic or change therein and to control or regulate
operation of the apparatus or process based on the detected characteristic
or change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||
603 | ... With detailed detection system (e.g., including a light source and a camera, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Apparatus which provides for a detection system recited
in more detail than merely nominal mention (e.g., including
a light source and a camera, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
604 | ... With injector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Apparatus having means to inject material to be tested or treated into the capillary, usually by electro-osmotic bulk flow. | |
605 | ... Gel filled: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Apparatus in which the inner bore of the capillary is filled
with a jellylike colloidal solution of liquid in a solid (usually
organic).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
606 | .. Gel electrophoresis type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Apparatus in which particles or components migrate in an
electric field within a continuous medium of a jellylike colloidal
solution of liquid in a solid (usually organic).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
607 | ... With control means responsive to sensed condition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Apparatus in which means are provided to detect an apparatus
or process characteristic or change therein and to control or regulate
operation of the apparatus or process based on the detected characteristic
or change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||
608 | ... With programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Apparatus which is provided with control means for (a) storing
coded instructions or other data which is used to regulate operation of
the treating apparatus, (b) repetitively
regulating a sequence of operational steps performed in or by the
treating apparatus, or (c) causing various
system operations to occur according to preset timing sequences
or to last for predetermined durations of time (e.g., timer switches, etc.).
| |||||
609 | .... Plural rapid changes in direction of electric field (at least 1,000 times total and at more than 1/sec) (e.g., pulsed field, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 608. Apparatus in which the electric field changes direction more than 1,000 times in rapid succession (more than 1 change per second), usually using more than 2 electrodes with synchronized timing of voltage spikes or peaks. | |
610 | ... Isoelectric focusing (i.e., using pH variation): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Apparatus in which a pH gradient is established in the medium
to affect the migration of different particles or components based
on their isoelectric points (the point having a pH at which
the net charge on the particle or component is neutral).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
612 | ... With detailed detection system (e.g., including a light source and a camera, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Apparatus which provides for a detection system recited
in more detail than merely nominal mention (e.g., including
a light source and a camera, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
613 | ... With means for post treatment of gel to purify or recover a desired component: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Apparatus having means to subsequently purify or recover a desired component from the gel. | |
614 | .... Blotter (e.g., membrane, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Apparatus having means to transfer one or more components
from the gel to an adjacent receiving medium (e.g., membrane, etc.).
| |||
615 | ... Unitary preparation apparatus (e.g., preparative means, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Apparatus comprised of a single unit designed to yield a
product in final form (e.g., for
analyzing results, etc.), precluding
the need for additional means to subsequently treat or transfer
separated species.
| |||
616 | ... Slab gel: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Apparatus in which the gel is planar in form (e.g., rectangular sheet, etc.). | |
617 | .... Curved: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 616. Apparatus in which the slab gel is in the form of an arc (including annular slabs). | |
618 | .... Vertical or inclined: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 616. Apparatus in which the slab gel is in an upright position or is tipped up during use (e.g., vertical slab, etc.). | |
619 | ..... With gel shaping or molding means (e.g., comb, ribbed insert, gel injectors, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Apparatus provided with means to form or cast the gel, usually
prior to use in gel electrophoresis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
620 | .... With gel shaping or molding means (e.g., comb, ribbed insert, gel injectors, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 616. Apparatus provided with means to form or cast the gel, usually
prior to use in gel electrophoresis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
621 | .... With liquid heat exchange means to cool gel slab during electrophoresis: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 616. Apparatus having means to transfer heat during electrophoresis from the gel slab to a cooling liquid. | |
622 | .. Coating or forming means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Apparatus having means to coat a substrate or form an object
by electrophoresis or electro-osmosis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
623 | ... With moving or movable electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 622. Apparatus in which an electrode is either moving or movable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
624 | .... And means for posttreatment of coating (e.g., drying, heating, curing, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 623. Apparatus which is also provided with means to treat a coated layer after it is produced (e.g., drying, heating, curing, etc.). | |
625 | .... Coating interior of object or article (e.g., water main, automobile body, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 623. Apparatus having means to produce a coating on the interior of an object or article (e.g., water main, automobile body, etc.). | |
626 | ... With means for regeneration or replenishment of coating bath or electrolyte: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 622. Apparatus having means for regeneration, purification, or concentration adjustment of the coating bath or electrolyte. | |
627 | .. Barrier separator (e.g., electrodialyzer, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Apparatus having a filter or membrane (e.g., electrodialyzer, etc.) to
separate some ions or particles from other ions or particles by
allowing some ions or particles to pass through the barrier while
the others are retained at or stopped from passing through the barrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
628 | ... With control means responsive to sensed condition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 627. Apparatus in which means are provided to detect an apparatus
or process characteristic or change therein and to control or regulate
operation of the apparatus or process based on the detected characteristic
or change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||
629 | ... With moving or movable electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 627. Apparatus having a moving or movable electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
630 | ... Ion selective: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 627. Apparatus in which the barrier distinguishes between ions
of different charges to effect separation.
| |||||
631 | .... With bipolar membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 630. Apparatus having a membrane with anionic properties on one side and cationic properties on the other. | |
632 | .... And ion exchange material (e.g., suspended ion exchange resin particles, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 630. Apparatus in which ion exchange material (e.g., suspended
ion exchange resin particles, etc.) is
also used.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
633 | .... Both anion and cation selective membranes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 630. Apparatus in which at least one membrane selectively passes ions with a positive charge and at least one other membrane selectively passes ions with a negative charge. | |
634 | ..... Alternating anion and cation selective membranes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Apparatus in which at least 3 anion and cation selective membranes are employed in an alternating sequential array (e.g., 2 anion selective membranes separated by a cation selective membrane, etc.). | |
635 | ...... Tortuous path-type frame or membrane spacer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Apparatus having a frame or spacer configured to direct liquid in a tortuous flow path (e.g., zig-zag, twisted, back and forth, etc.). | |
636 | ...... With foraminous or perforated membrane support or spacer (e.g., screen, perforated plate, fabric, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Apparatus having a foraminous or perforated membrane support
or spacer (e.g., screen, perforated
plate, fabric, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
637 | .... And nonion selective membrane: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 630. Apparatus which also has at least one membrane which does not exhibit ion selectivity. | |
638 | .... With foraminous or perforated membrane support or spacer (e.g., screen, perforated plate, fabric, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 630. Apparatus having a foraminous or perforated membrane support
or spacer (e.g., screen, perforated
plate, fabric, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
639 | ... With foraminous or perforated membrane support or spacer (e.g., screen, perforated plate, fabric, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 627. Apparatus having a foraminous or perforated membrane support
or spacer (e.g., screen, perforated
plate, fabric, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
640 | ... Cylindrical barrier (e.g., filter, membrane, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 627. Apparatus having a separation barrier (e.g., filter, membrane, etc.) in the form of a cylinder or annulus. | |
641 | .. Absorbent strip (e.g., cellulose acetate, paper strip, etc.) type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Apparatus having a sheet or strip of absorbent material (e.g., cellulose
acetate, paper strip, etc.) on
which a separation by the differential migration of ions or particles
takes place.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
642 | ... Movable strip: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 641. Apparatus in which the absorbent strip is movable. | |
643 | .. Dielectrophoretic (i.e., using nonuniform electric field): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Apparatus in which a nonuniform electric field is used to
separate particles or ions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
644 | .. Isoelectric focusing (i.e., using pH variation): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Apparatus in which a pH gradient is established in the medium
to affect the migration of different particles or components based
on their isoelectric points (the point having a pH at which
the net charge on the particle or component is neutral).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
645 | .. Isotachophoretic (i.e., displacement electrophoretic) or means to measure ion or particle mobility: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Apparatus having means involving different ion or particle
mobilities (e.g., ions or particles having
the same charge and given the same initial velocity are separated
based on their differing net mobilities, etc.) or
means to merely measure ion or particle mobility.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
647 | .. Particle bed separator (e.g., inert particles, ion exchange beads, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Apparatus using a bed of particles (e.g., inert particles, ion exchange beads, etc.) to facilitate separation. | |
648 | .. Bulk separator for solids and liquids (e.g., to dewater solids, clarify water, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Apparatus having nonanalytical, large scale separation
means for solids and liquids (e.g., to dewater
solids, clarify water, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
649 | ... With moving or movable electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 648. Apparatus having a moving or movable electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
650 | .. With moving or movable electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Apparatus having a moving or movable electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
660 | . Apparatus for electrical (including simultaneous electrical and magnetic) separation or purification of liquid or magnetic treatment of liquid (other than separation): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Apparatus specialized for (a) electrical (including
simultaneous electrical and magnetic) separation or purification
of liquid or (b) magnetic treatment, per
se, when some effect other than separation is desired or
produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||
661 | .. With control means responsive to sensed condition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus in which means are provided to detect an apparatus
or process characteristic or change therein and to control or regulate
operation of the apparatus or process based on the detected characteristic
or change therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
662 | ... Liquid level sensing means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 661. Apparatus in which means are provided to detect the height of a liquid level or a change therein and to control operation of the apparatus based upon the detected level or change therein. | |
663 | .. With programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus which is provided with control means for (a) storing
coded instructions or other data which are used to regulate operation of
the treating apparatus, (b) repetitively
regulating a sequence of operational steps performed in or by the
treating apparatus, or (c) causing various
system operations to occur according to preset timing sequences
or to last for predetermined durations of time (e.g., timer switches, etc.).
| |||||
664 | .. With magnetic separating means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus having means to produce magnetic lines of force
in order to separate a constituent or to aid the separation of a
constituent from a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
665 | .. With filter (e.g., electrostatic filter, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus in which a foraminous or porous mass (e.g., electrostatic
filter, etc.) is used to physically trap
one or more constituents while allowing the remaining liquid to
pass therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
666 | .. Plural separate treatment chambers or zones: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus having two or more physically separate areas to
treat a liquid under separation.
| |||
667 | .. Probe type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus in the form of a single electrode, per se, or a modular insert (containing one or more electrodes along with other elements) to be placed into a liquid treatment chamber or vessel. | |
668 | .. With moving or movable electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus in which an electrode is either moving or movable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
669 | ... Rotating or rotatable: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 668. Apparatus in which the moving or movable electrode is either
rotating or rotatable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
670 | .. Concentric electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus in which one or more electrodes are arranged concentrically
within another electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
671 | ... Cylindrical or annular: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Apparatus in which at least the overlapping portions of the concentric electrodes are cylindrical or annular in shape. | |
672 | .. Parallel plate-type electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus in which at least two plate-type electrodes
are arranged in parallel fashion.
| |||
673 | ... Vertical flat plates: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Apparatus in which the parallel plate-type electrodes are flat and arranged vertically during operation. | |
674 | .. Porous, perforated, or grid electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus having at least one porous, perforated, or
grid electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
900 | EFFECTING A CHANGE IN ISOMERIZATION BY WAVE ENERGY: |
Subject matter involving processes of utilizing wave energy in effecting a process to distinguish two or more compounds having the same percentage composition therein of atoms but which compound differ in the relative positions ot the atoms in the compound therefore giving different chemical and physical properties, i.e., isomers. | |
901 | EFFECTING A COLOR CHANGE BY WAVE ENERGY: |
Subject matter involving a process of effecting a color change in a material through the use of wave energy. | |
902 | PRODUCTION OF DESIRED COMPOUND BY WAVE ENERGY IN PRESENCE OF A CHEMICALLY DESIGNATED NONREACTANT CHEMICAL TREATING AGENT (EXCLUDING WATER, CHLOROFORM, CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, METHYLENE CHLORIDE OR BENZENE): |
Subject matter involving preparing a desired compound or
element by a reaction involving wave energy and wherein said reaction
is achieved in the presence of a designated nonreactant material
which is other than water, chloroform, carbon
tetrachloride, methylene chloride or benzene.
| |||||||
903 | . INORGANIC CHEMICAL TREATING AGENT: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Subject matter wherein the designated nonreactant chemical
material is in elemented form or is in the form of an inorganic
compound.
| |||
904 | .. METAL TREATING AGENT: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 903. Subject matter wherein the designated nonreactant chemical material contains a metal atom in either elemental or compound form. | |
905 | ... HEAVY METAL AGENT: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 904. Subject matter wherein the metal atom present has a specific gravity of more than four. | |
907 | . SILICON OR BORON TREATING AGENT: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Subject matter wherein the designated nonreactant chemical material is organic and contains at least one atom of silicon or boron. | |
908 | . PHOSPHORUS TREATING AGENT: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Subject matter wherein the designated nonreactant chemical material is organic and contains at least one atom of phosphorus. | |
909 | . HEAVY METAL TREATING AGENT: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Subject matter wherein the designated nonreactant chemical material is organic and contains at least one metal atom whose specific gravity is greater than four. | |
910 | . SULFUR TREATING AGENT: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Subject matter wherein the designated nonreactant chemical material is organic and contains at least one atom of sulfur. | |
911 | . NITROGEN TREATING AGENT: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Subject matter wherein the designated nonreactant chemical material is organic and contains at least one atom of nitrogen. | |
912 | . OXYGEN TREATING AGENT: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Subject matter wherein the designated nonreactant chemical material is organic and contains at least one atom of oxygen. | |
913 | .. PEROXIDE AGENT: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 912. Subject matter wherein the designated nonreactant chemical material is organic and contains at least one -0-0- moiety. | |
914 | . ONLY CARBON, HYDROGEN OR HALOGEN ATOM IN TREATING AGENT: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Subject matter wherein the designated nonreactant chemical
material is organic and contains only atoms of carbon, hydrogen
or halogen.
| |||
FOR000 | CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
FOR 920 | ELECTROLYTIC OBJECT PROTECTION APPARATUS: |
Foreign art collection for electrolytic apparatus
under the class definition in which an electrical current or potential
is utilized or applied to prevent corrosion, scale formation, or
other objectionable action in or on any object in order to neutralize
or correct such action when the object is in normal use. The
current or potential impressed may be for the purpose of neutralization
or it may be employed to give the object to be protected an electrical
condition effective for the prevention or modification of objectionable action.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
FOR921 | . Internal battery (204/197) |
This subclass has no definition. | |
FOR922 | ELECTROLYTIC CELLS WITH CURRENT CONTROL MEANS (204/228) |
This subclass has no definition. | |
FOR 923 | . With fluid pressure, flow, or level intercontrol: |
Foreign art collection under collection FOR922 which includes means to intercontrol the electrical current flow to the cell, in accordance with the fluid pressure, flow, or level to, through, or in the cell, or developed thereby. | |
FOR 924 | .. Gaseous fluid: |
Foreign art collection under collection FOR923 in which the fluid is a gas. | |
FOR 925 | . Auxiliary electrode: |
Foreign art collection under collection FOR922 in which the current control includes means to control the current to an auxiliary electrode. | |
FOR 926 | ELECTROLYTIC FUSED BATH CELLS: |
Foreign art collection for electrolytic cell apparatus under the class definition specialized for fused bath electrolysis. | |
FOR 927 | . Bath current distribution, magnetic field control: |
Foreign art collection under collection FOR926 with
means for distribution of electrolytic current within the bath or
means to control the magnetic field created in such a bath.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
FOR 930 | ELECTROLYTIC CELLS WITH FEEDING AND/OR WITHDRAWAL MEANS: |
Foreign patent and non-patent literature collection for electrolytic apparatus including an electrolytic cell provided with means to feed and/or withdraw material from the cell. | |
FOR 931 | ELECTROLYTIC ELECTRODE ELEMENTS WITH ELECTRODE SUPPORTING MEANS: |
Foreign patent and non-patent literature collection for electrolytic apparatus having an electrolytic electrode combined with a supporting means therefor. | |
FOR 932 | LAMINATED OR COATED ELECTROLYTIC ELECTRODE ELEMENTS: |
Foreign patent and non-patent literature collection for electrolytic apparatus having a laminated or coated electrolytic electrode. | |
FOR 933 | . Dielectric film-forming metal base, insoluble conductive coating: |
Foreign patent and non-patent literature collection for an electrolytic electrode having an electrically insulating film-forming metal base layer and an insoluble electrically conducting coated layer. | |
FOR 934 | ELECTROLYTIC ELECTRODE SUPPORTS AND WORK HOLDERS: |
Foreign patent and non-patent literature collection for an electrolytic apparatus element in which the element is an electrode support or a work holder specialized for use in electrolytic processes of this class. | |
FOR 935 | . Workpiece held by magnetism or suction: |
Foreign patent and non-patent literature collection having magnetic or suction type means for holding a workpiece. | |
FOR 936 | . Workpiece rack: |
Foreign patent and non-patent literature
collection having a framework, stand, or grating
on or in which workpiece articles can be held for treatment (e.g., porous
wire basket, overhead bar holding suspended frame and attached
workpiece, etc.).
| |||
This subclass has no definition. | |
This subclass has no definition. | |
This subclass has no definition. | |
FOR 937 | ... Biological, e.g., microbe, enzyme, antigen, etc.: |
Apparatus under subclass 400 which includes a biological
material, or is adapted to measure electrolytically some
property of a biological material.
| |||
DIG3 | AUXILIARY INTERNALLY GENERATED ELECTRICAL ENERGY |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG4 | ELECTROLYSIS CELL COMBINED WITH FUEL CELL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG5 | MAGNETIC PLUS ELECTROLYTIC |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG6 | UNUSUAL NON-204 USES OF ELECTROLYSIS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG7 | CURRENT DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE BATH |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG8 | AC PLUS DC |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG9 | WAVE FORMS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG12 | ELECTROCHEMICAL MACHINING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG13 | PURIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF ELECTROPLATING BATHS AND PLATING WASTES |
This subclass has no definition. | |